together For the world being finite as I have proved in my Enchiridium Metaphysicum and consisting of an indefinite number of vortices and what ever other liquid matter if the motion of the matter were mechanical and not from a vital Principle actuating it which I call the Spirit of Nature there would be a dehiscency of the parts of it and nothing would be so plentiful as vacuities whenas now there is either none at all or as little as may be imagined For the divuision of the Marbles incliningly or angularly will very hardly be conceived without some infinitely small vacuity unless motion can be conceived to be in an instant REMARK the Thirty ninth Upon Stevinus his Experiment occurring here again p. 259. l. 10. how that a Rundle of wood lighter than water laid upon the hole of the bottom of a Vessel to be filled with water that the pillar of water on that wood will keep down the Rundle and indeed will gravitate to the full weight of such a dimension of water when-as if that hole be not under the Rundle it of it self will come up I say this were a great Paradox in Nature if the parts of water gravitated on water and that there were such a monstrous elasticity of the Air. For the recoiling column of Air bearing against the Rundle through the hole of such a diameter as that such a column would overcome in some other cases some hundred pounds weight this should make the Rundle arise with far greater ease than when the bottom of the Vessel is whole and is not perforated therefore it is a plain indication that there is no such constant pressure of the parts of water on water nor any such prodigious elasticity of the Air but that the motion and rest of matter is pro re nata according as the Hylostatick spirit of the world guides it For certainly that upper Elater of the Air that presses the water on the Rundle is less resisted by far by the bottom unperforated which does not heave at the Rundle to lift it up than it is by the column of Air below that heaves so strongly as might match some hundred pound weights Which consideration will be most unexceptionable if for a Rundle we place a lesser Vessel with thin sides with four small holes made sloopingly through the sides at the bottom as I have above described upon another Occasion It will be hard then to find any evasion if the inward Vessel ascend not as it does when the bottom is unperforated Upon Chapter the Eighteenth REMARK the Fortieth THat the divulsion of the Magdeburg Hemispheres p. 267. is so far much easier side-way than from their Center I easily accord to for in such a divulsion there is as it were the power added of a double wedge but in pulling directly from their Centers it comes nearer to the case of one attempting to pull a Billet into two by taking hold of this side and that side of the middle of it and so to part it into two in a parallel separation of each part But that they are held together by any such Tension of Filaments or the contraction of them while they adhere to the concave of the Hemispheres seems not to me at all credible For though the Learned Authour argues indeed shroudly against the elasticity of the Air being the cause of their adhesion because if the Hemispheres after they have grown cold adhere so close together that the weight of 30 pound will not sever them by reason of the elasticity of the Air or weight of the Atmosphere pressing them together yet though they were put again into a considerable heat they would adhere as strongly still the elatery of the Air being not at all diminished but rather encreased by warmth it exciting the spring thereof to a more forcible expansion which therefore must press the harder against the Hemispheres but that it is observed that if they be but made blood-warm they will easily fall asunder which I confess is no contemptible argument against the elasticity of the Air 's being the cause of this so strong cohesion Yet it is in my opinion one argument amongst others that it is not the contraction or restitution of the tensed matter in the Hemispheres that is the cause thereof For if it were upon so strong a stretch and contraction as he ordinarily expresses by the stretch of a Lute-string it is incredible that so small a moment of heat should so suddenly and hugely relaxate it that the Hemispheres should as it were fall asunder of themselves that before stuck so strongly together that they bore 30 pound weight which Relaxation neither can be without penetration of Dimensions which immensly heightens the incredibility of it that so small a force should cause penetration of Dimensions as I have also observed before in the Torricellian experiment besides all other repugnancies that recurr here again And therefore as the Learned Authour would conclude from the remotion of the elasticity of the Air there none other appearing that his Tension and Restitution must take place so I by like reason by the remotion of the elasticity of the Air and his Tension Restitution may infer that my Hylostatick Spirit of the world ought to take place which acts pro re nata upon the matter constringes and relaxes as occasion is And here I say upon cooling of the Hemispheres here is a gravitation of the Air inwards toward the common Center of the Hemispheres by reason of the subtilty of the matter there contained in an undue place and the sides of the Hemispheres are kned together as a man may sometimes feel his Ribs to be in some subtil cold Air and we feel this contraction not from within but rather from without or in our very Ribs I say therefore there is an occasional Gravitation of the ambient Air and Hemispheres themselves against the rarefied Air or subtil matter within them to squeeze it out as there is of water against a Bottle of Air let into the Sea which sometime this very pressure breaks Which cannot be expected in these brass Hemispheres but this compression being not mechanical but vital a little hint changes the operation as in the board that ascends in a Bucket if there be a hole in the bottom of the Bucket it will not ascend but if there be a false bottom below that at a due nearness it will and the obturaculum of the Valve in the Tube that will adhere to the Valve if the Tube be open into the Air yet do but stop it with your Embolus at a right distance the obturaculum will descend So a little warmth here makes the Hylostatick spirit of the world quit her compressive operation and relaxate her hold without penetration of Dimensions or any other absurd supposition only suppose vital motion instead of mechanical and all will go off glibly Upon Chapter the Nineteenth REMARK the Forty first The Author 's ingeniously
ascending or gravitating of the Torricellian Mercury in the Tube against the subtil Aether there But that the parts thus librated in this liquidum subtilissimum in which the whole atmosphere is poized by the moving or disposing Principle when they are settled in their poize press or gravitate one upon another I do utterly deny But then secondly I say the firmitude of the consistence of the Air is as it were the string of this balance which if it break or so far forth as it breaks or relaxates the Mercury in the Tube will fall down And thirdly that the Mercury is kept up by this string of firmness of the consistency of the Air and not by the actual gravitation of an Atmospherical Cylinder of an equal diameter on the restagnant Mercury appears from that experiment of the Mercury in the Tube not falling though the Vessel of Mercury be close covered in a Glass and so the supposed pressure of the Atmospherical Cylinder intercepted and a commodious Valve made that upon the falling of the Mercury would let the Air out though there be none let in by it which Valve the weight suppose of ten pounds of Mercury would be sure to fling open if it were the weight of the Atmospherical Cylinder that held up that ten pound of Mercury in the Tube before Nor fourthly can it be the spring of that Air included in the Glass that upholds the Mercury in the Tube since it must be so great that it must hold up no less than the weight of ten pound of Mercury and if the elasticity of the Air be so great or strong considering the subtilty of the parts of the Air that make this spring which are hugely more subtil and thin and consequently more cutting than the edge of a Razor it is impossible but that they should cut with all imaginable ease into the Quick-silver and so piercing into it prove unserviceable for the pretty feat they are intended To say nothing here of the excellent arguments of this Learned Authour upon whom I remark by which he seems to me quite to have defeated that modern Paradox of the monstrous elasticity of the Air which yet some eximious Wits have so favourably entertained Wherefore lastly to detain my Reader no longer in a less needful Preface From what has been said he may easily discern that this Phrase of Gravitation upward is not destitute of all good ground since such libration upward terminates on a thinner Element as true and proper Gravitation always does and he may in the mean time observe there is no proper Gravitation but in such cases when a heavier fluid sways upon a lighter but that the parts of the heavy fluid do not press or gravitate one upon another at all nor a lighter upon an heavier but are moved jointly by that Principle which disposes them according as we have above described and finally consider with himself whether it be not more likely there should be such a subtil Element penetrating all Bodies in which they or to speak more compendiously the whole Atmosphere is librated and that there is likewise that vincible consistency of the lower Air than that there should be that Tension this Learned Authour stands up for which cannot be without penetration of dimensions nor is it conceivable how such an extended Funiculus should hold together or which this Authour is as much against as for the other that there should be such a monstrous elastick pressure of the Air and actual gravitation of the parts of the same elements one upon another when the Particles are of the against more solid and searching Reason that enquires after the final cause of things and duely relishes that excellent Aphorism of Aristotle Natura nihil agit frustra So is it manifestly against common sense and experience Methinks the Hypothesis I have here briefly described is far less obnoxious than any of the other But if any one be otherwise minded I know right well that liberty of philosophizing is the common right of all that in good earnest profess themselves free Philosophers On the Essay touching the Gravitation and Non-Gravitation of Fluid bodies REMARK the First OF Gravity and Gravitation that it is nothing but Mobility and Actual Motion and upon what terms it is fit to conclude actual motion to be in a body REMARK the Second Whether Motion downwards belong to solid bodies as such and whether some fluids have not a stronger tending of that kind than some solid bodies REMARK the Third The true reason why the parts of solid bodies do not gravitate one upon another Upon Chapter the Fourth THE attempt of supplanting my demonstration in Enchirid Metaphys Cap. 13. Sect. 4. by introducing a Cap or Cone of water only gravitating on the Lamina lignea succinctly explained REMARK the Fourth The disparity betwixt the Cap or Cone and Cylinder of Water and the Pyramid of Bricks REMARK the Fifth That the former instance of Masonry in the Pyramid of Bricks will not so much as hold in Wheat Sand and Hail-shot REMARK the Sixth The suspended Sand in the top of the body of a Cylinder no argument for any such supposed Masonry in the element of water REMARK the Seventh The Mechanical Incumbency of the particles of Sand on the Eggshel in the manner of an Arch whence to be enervated REMARK the Eighth Of the lateral Direction of the parts of Sand and such like bodies REMARK the Ninth Four Arguments to show the invalidity of this pretended Masonry in water against my demonstration from the round Lamina lignea in my Enchiridium Metaphysicum REMARK the Tenth The intrinsecal Gravity of water how to be understood REMARK the Eleventh That water in its fluid consistency gravitates and in what sence it so does infused on Quicksilver into which a Tube is immit'ted c. REMARK the Twelfth That a Bucket of Water is not as much one continued body as a Bucket of Pitch and wherein the nature of Fluidity does consist and how eminent in water REMARK the Thirteenth The Learned Authour's mistake touching the Principium Hylarchicum with a brief description thereof REMARK the Fourteenth The distinction of considering water as a solid body and a fluid body examined REMARK the Fifteenth A twofold Mechanical account of the Non-Gravitation of the particles of water on subjected bodies viz. from the Continuity of the particles and from their Architecture or Masonry with a confutation of both REMARK the Sixteenth That the Learned Authour himself at last admits that the parts of water are not continuous but contiguous His refuge to the Masonry of the particles also confuted REMARK the Seventeenth Whether the Cartesian aqueous particles be more fit for this supposed Masonry than those of Wheat Hail-shot and Sand. REMARK the Eighteenth Whether water be quid continuum or contiguum REMARK the Nineteenth A Column of water gravitating on a Rundle upon a perforated bottom of a Bucket how reconcilable with this supposed Masonry of the
REMARK the Nineteenth And further still detected by demonstrating the incredibility of the ascending of any vapours or steams from the Mercury into the derelicted space in the Tube REMARK the Twentieth A notable Objection of the Authour 's against the Opinion of Mercurial effluvia occupying the derelicted space of the Tube and such as himself does not answer REMARK the Twenty first A sound and ingenious demonstration of the Authour 's against the Hypothesis of an Atmospherical Cylinder suspending the Cylinder of Mercury in the Tube from the Tube of Mercury hung upon a Balance with its mouth some half an inch immersed in restagnant Mercury REMARK the Twenty second His ingenious obviating that evasion of a Cylinder of Air pressing on the top of the Tube of Mercury so hung as if that supplied the place of the Mercury in the Tube whose weight was discovered in the opposite Scale of the Balance REMARK the Twenty third His dextrous defeating as weak a subterfuge whereby they would elude the force of his former Answer REMARK the Twenty fourth Two neat Experiments of the Authour 's whereby he meets with all such elusions and unexceptionably demonstrates that the pressure of an Atmospherical Pillar in such like Hydrostatical Experiments is a mere mistake REMARK the Twenty fifth Another ingenious demonstration against the pressure of Atmospherical Cylinders from the standing of the Mercury in the Tube when the surface of the restagnant Mercury is not passing one fourth part of the Basis of the Cylinder of Mercury in the Tube REMARK the Twenty sixth His Argument from the Torricellian Experiment succeeding as well in a closed Receiver as in the open Air not imputable to the elasticity of the Air which supposes pressure it being already confuted here and more particularly in his sixth Chapter by the two Brazen Cylinders in the water REMARK the Twenty seventh His Experiment of the Bottle and heated Bolts-head how well it is levelled against the elasticity of the Air but his solution of the Phaenomenon unsatisfactory REMARK the Twenty eighth The Authour's Opinion that all those Experiments which the Virtuosi would give an account of from the pressure and elasticity of the Air are performed by suction and attraction more strictly to be examined in reference to that Experiment of the weight hung at the Embolus of the Air-Pump REMARK the Twenty ninth The various standing of the Mercury in the Tube according to the change of weather or placing it in higher or lower Air how that Observation is manageable against the opinion of Tension and Mercurial effluvia REMARK the Thirtieth The unexpected motions and agitations of things put into the Receiver upon a strong exhaustion of the Air-Pump that it is not from Tension of the rarefied Air but from some such Principle as the furious and rapid motion of winds is raised from the dissolution of the aqueous particles of the clouds REMARK the Thirty first That Experiment of Regius of drawing Tobacco smoak through water in a covered Cup by two pieces of a Tobacco-pipe can be no instance of such an Attraction and Rarefaction as this Author stands for but will serve to illustrate some of the Phaenomena in the foregoing Remark REMARK the Thirty second A description of the Torricellian Experiment in the chiefest example The groundlesness of the Authour's reasons of this Phaenomenon from the tension of the Mercurial effluvia in the derelicted space discovered REMARK the Thirty third A discovery of the Repugnancies of his solution of this Phaenomenon His ingenuous confession touching the Phaenomenon of Gravity that mechanical reasons are in vain attempted thereof That Aristotle's Philosophy implies a Spirit of Nature REMARK the Thirty fourth That the suspension of the Mercury is not to save the Vniverse from Discontinuity but to preserve the Air in its due consistency And that it is not Air but one common Spirit that is the Cement of the Universe REMARK the Thirty fifth That Attraction is not to be proved from Cupping-Glasses or the expansion of squeezed Bladders at the top of the Torricellian Tube REMARK the Thirty sixt What account is to be given of the jointly weighing of a Tube and Mercury of a Tube and Water and of a Glass and Water inverted on Mercury and Water REMARK the Thirty seventh The Authour 's plain declaration that the Laws of Nature are not mechanical together with the consequences of that concession and the necessity of introducing a Spirit of Nature The fond humour of the Philosophizers of this Age who whenas their Nature consists of Spirit as well as Body take all their measures of Philosophizing from Body none from Spirit REMARK the Thirty eighth Of the sticking together of two Marbles and that Fuga Vacui is but the final cause thereof and what may be the Efficient REMARK the Thirty ninth Stevinus his Experiment of a Rundle of wood lighter than water laid upon the hole of a bottom of a Vessel to be filled with water c. What an Argument it is against the Gravitation of water on water and against that monstrous Elasticity by some supposed of the Air. REMARK the Fortieth Of the close sticking together of the Magdeburg Hemispheres That neither Tension of the inward rarefied matter nor the Elasticity of the outward Air is the cause of it as also what in all likelyhood is REMARK the Forty first The Authour 's ingeniously contrived Pump and his mistake in attributing a Phaenomenon in it to inward Tension which is rather to be referred to the strength of the Consistency of the outward Air. REMARK the Forty second Other Phaenomena observable in the Authour's Pump and how there is no need of Tension for the solving of them but that they are notable intimations of the necessity of an Hylostatick Spirit in the world REMARK the Forty third An Argument from the Author 's own Pump that water is not suspended in Pumps by Tension but by Gravitation upwards more expresly here explained and at last resolved into the Hylarchick Principle together with a particular reason why in the proposed case of the Authour's Pump upon the elevation of the Embolus not one drop of water comes out REMARK the Forty fourth The uncertainty of success if the Pump were longer or heat applied to the Glass but certain Tension would find no place therein REMARK the Forty fifth The raising water and suspension of it in a Pump how it is effected REMARK the Forty sixth The insinuation of the Air into the Cavity of a Well whether it be the effect or the cause of the recession of the water or whether not rather both REMARK the Forty seventh Whether the protrusive force in a Pillar of free Air add any thing to the Elastick pressure thereof and whether the least proportion of Air has the same strength of spring that a greater As also a notable Argument from the elasticity of Air not raising the water in the Authour's Pump one inch whenas it is pretended that
plain mistake For neither is that larger Diameter in the shorter leg any advantage but a disadvantage the motion of Fluids being swifter out of a narrow passage into wide than vice versâ nor is there any indication in all these experiments that the Gravitation of the 24 inches of water in the longer leg does gravitate as much more as the column of water of 24 inches impendent over the orifice of the shorter leg For in the first instance where 24 inches of water drives the Quick-silvver 2 inches and ¼ downward in the longer leg it is because of the largeness of the Diameter of the shorter leg or by reason of its wideness So when the 24 inches of water and the Quick-silver was to balance against it it required more Quick-silver to be at a counterpoise with it than if it had had the same Diameter with the longer shank and hence it is that the Quicksilver subsides so far in the longer shank and not the discontinuity of the water in it from other water And now we come to the second instance it is to be noted that the impendent column of water driving the Mercury one inch downward in the short leg and so consequently raising it one in the longer that there will be 9 inches in the longer leg and but 7 in the shorter so that upon the matter the column of 24 inches in the water poizes as much against the Quick-silver in this experiment as that water in the longer shank did in the former For here it ponderates against 2 inches of Quick-silver there but against 2 and ¼ nay I may safely say against above two in this For if it was driven down one inch in the shorter but wider shank it must needs rise above one inch in the other and I doubt not but a quarter of an inch or thereabout if the Authour had taken so punctual notice of it And as in these two instances in several the column of the water in the water is found to be aequiponderant to a column of so many inches in the longer shank of the Siphon so we shall find them in this last and joint experiment For upon the pouring water into the long leg of the Siphon there remained but 6 inches of Mercury in that leg and 8 in the other wherefore upon the immitting of the Siphon into the Glass-Tube and there being found about an inch subsiding in the shorter leg and a rising as much in the longer it is manifest that in each leg there was about 7 inches height of Quicksilver a piece and that the column of water in the water gravitates as much as the column of water in the longer shank of the Siphon and not only half as much as our Authour would have it which is an excellent experiment against his supposed Masonry in the element of water and that each part of water by each part doth most glibly slip And that therefore this imaginary Architecture can contribute nothing to the rising of the round wooden Rundle from the bottom of the Bucket on which I build that notable demonstration of mine in my Enchiridium Metaphysicum Upon Chapter the Fifth REMARK the Eighth THat experiment of Stevinus that a Rundle placed on the bottom of a Vessel with a hole in it so that the Rundle somewhat overlaps the hole p. 94. l. 4. that the Rundle will gravitate upon that hole and the incumbent Cylinder of water commensurate in base to that Rundle so hard and close that it requires a weight in a pair of Scales near commensurate to the weight of the impending Cylinder of water to raise it from the bottom I say this Experiment is an Argument against that Invention of the Cap or Cone and the rest of that Architecture in the foregoing Book For the hole under the Rundle cannot be conceived any Mechanical cause at all why the same Architecture may not be that was imagined before and yet the Rundle ariseth not in the Vessel nor does the water sile thorough REMARK the Ninth That the Rundle ariseth not in the Vessel the Learned Authour offers this reason because the water gravitates now upon the Rundle as having mediately a lighter element namely the Air upon which it gravitates l. 23. But being as firmly sustained as before from passing to the Air why should it gravitate any more than before And besides if the bottom of the Bucket be somewhat higher than the Basis of the Ribs of the Bucket on which it may stand and there be a second bottom made to keep the Air betwixt this second bottom and the former perforated bottom from communicating with the rest of the Air it is worth the enquiring whether the Rundle then will not rise because the Abituriency of the Air which was in the other case is thus sufflaminated Whence it would be plain it was not simply because there was Air beneath that the water gravitated on the Rundle but because that Air was in the state of Abituriency or at least in sufficient quantity to colluctate with the water the Principium Hylarchicum upon such hints by reason of the quick motion of those Laws of Life in it putting this under-Air into that Abiturient state and therewithal carrying the water raptu consensûs into an actual tendency downward and so thrusting the Rundle closer to the Hole intangles it self in its own attempt as not acting by free reason and counsel but by some general Laws of instinct of life which in some such by-cases do not further but hinder the effect generally produced by Nature Whence it is evident that this Spirit of Nature is not the first Cause which is the Aeternal Wisdom but a mere inferiour Creature But this is but by the by REMARK the Tenth Our Authour mentions an experiment of an empty Glass-bottle carefully stopt and sunk a great depth into the Sea that the pressure of the water will break it a-pieces p. 95. l. 9. And he resolves it into this reason because the water presses against a lighter Element the Air though mediately through the Glass But I say that is not the adequate cause thereof that it has a lighter Element near to it but because that the Element is misplaced for the upper part of the water in a Vessel does not press against the Air in the Vessel that is incumbent on it but if a Bottle of Air were let down into the Sea with its mouth downward and well stopt to keep out water yet the water will thrust the Cork upward and drive it in But that is because the Air is misplaced and put in the Element of water which methinks are very apert insinuations that there is no such thing as intrinsick Gravity but that matter moved is moved by a principle distinct from it self For the parts of the water of the Sea do not press one against another neither before nor after the Bottle is let down and yet there is such a pressure on the Bottle once
contrived Pump p. 293 294. will require some few more Remarks and then we shall have done The Orifice B being luted up the Embolus was raised but not with equal facility as it was when it was open the reason whereof the Learned Authour resolves into the violent Tension every elevation of the Embolus gives to the Air in the upper Cavity of the Glass that it may thereby be able to supply the place of the water drawn up by the Pump But I conceive it is to be resolved into the strength of the consistency of the Air without which without some violence will not suffer the materia subtilis to be squeezed out of it into the Cavity of the Glass So that there wants no Tension for the making up this Phaenomenon REMARK the Forty second The Glass-bottle A B C holding 5 quarts of water and first freely by pumping being evacuated of 2 ½ the Orifice at B after being luted close a quart more with much ado was pumped out so that there was but one and 1 2 left into which notwithstanding the Pipe of the Pump did reach But after this be the Embolus never so often listed up not a drop of water comes But the Air only says our Authour included in the Pump is rarefied by lifting up the Embolus and condensated by depressing it Which very experiment methinks should be a sufficient confutation of this kind of rarefaction and condensation as if one mans strength were able to cause so monstrous a thing as Penetration of dimensions see Remark 1. part 6 7. Nor is the reason of no more water coming because the Air is now tended to the utmost that such a strength of the pulling up the Embolus can extend it but it is from the greater firmness or obsistency of the external Air whose strength is invigorated by the Hylostatick spirit of the world against that unfit constitution of having already so much subtil matter misplaced as in the Magdeburg Hemispheres besides that it were against the Hylostatick laws that so heavy a body as water should shoot up so high into so extreme thin a body as that subtil matter in the Glass and that without any fresh Air succeeding thereinto or extreme heat preceeding And I do not question but that if the Torricellian experiment were made under water the Quick-silver in the Tube would stand hugely much higher than it does now in the Air. And therefore that consideration may have also its weight in this Phaenomenon But it is apparent there is no need of any Tension in these Problems there being subtil matter to supply its room And yet for this subtil matter if the motions of the parts of the Air were wholly mechanical and not vital we can find no reason but that the force of the Embolus that at first pumping overcame the consistence of the Air should not overcome it still that Glassful of subtil matter being nothing to that Ocean of it in the Air. So evident every way is our Hypothesis of an Hylarchick Principle REMARK the Forty third Moreover the Embolus reaching near H and being elevable near to the top of the Laton Syringe or Pump the Air if we can gather any thing from the figure of the Instrument and its proportions is upon the elevation of the Embolus to its full height stretched in the Pump so when-as the Tension of the Air in the Cavity of the Glass occupies a space to what it did before but in the proportion of 7 to 5. as to occupy a space that is to its former at least as 5 to 1. which is a greater sign that there is no such Tension For if there were the Air in the Cavity of the Glass that is but tended as 7 to 5. would receive more Tension and so make the water ascend than that in the Pump should be so overproportionately tended And consequently that the water is not suspended in a Pump by Tension nor made to ascend to such an height by that means but by Gravitation-upwards either upon an actual misplacement of the subtiler Element or upon the imminent danger thereof which would be if the water receded therefore it goes up till such an height or measure the Air and Water above the bottom of the Pump gravitating upwards not being so much crowded by reason of impenetrability of matter as conducted and vitally moved by the Hylarchick Principle in this Gravitation-upwards The force whereof is according to the solidity of the Elements that thus gravitate And hence also may emerge a reason why in this case not one drop of water comes upon the elevation of the Embolus namely because the Gravitation of the rarefied Air in the Cavity of the Glass added to the restagnant water above the Orifice of the Pipe by reason of the tenuity of the one and small quantity of the other is too weak to raise or sustain a pillar of water in the Pipe that would reach up into the Pump and so no water comes REMARK the Forty fourth But now upon supposition that the Pump were longer p. 297. I. penult or that there were a strong external heat applied to the superiour Air in the Glass if the water in that case would be as easily raised as at the first as our Authour affirms In the first way it must be when the Pump is so long that the space the subtil matter occupies there upon the pulling up the Embolus is larger than that it occupies in the Glass or the matter rather more subtile And in the second the reason might be that the application of this heat changes the vital energy that is that peremptory firmness and obsistency I spoke of before into a more relaxate operation as I noted in the Magdeburg-Hemispheres But I am not certain that either way will find success But certain I am upon no account of Tension and Restitution it will be if success answer expectation REMARK the Forty fifth The Learned Authour collects out of the experiments of his Pump p. 298. I. 16. That the Gravitation or pressure of the external Air is not the cause of raising the water in a Pump and as touching that springie Atmospherical way his collection I conceive is true but I said above and here again repeat That the raising of water and the suspension of it in a Pump is by a circular pressure and Gravitation of the Air and Water incumbent on the superficies of water that the bottom of the Pump is on which jointly gravitates upward with the water ascending in the Pump as I above declared the Air and Quick-silver gravitates upward in regard of that subtil Element in the top of the Tube and here the Air and Water gravitate upwards that there may be no bare subtil matter in the Pump to the disorder of the Universe which gravitation of Air and Quick-silver and of Air and Water upwards is not as I said by any crouding or gravitating part upon part
but they are all carried by the Hylostatick spirit of the world in this orderly way and to so good an end that there may be no inconvenience by misplacing the Elements of the Universe of which I hold the materia subtilis to be one REMARK the Forty sixth His collections also against the very elasticity of the Air from the said experiments are ingenious but I cannot insist on them I shall rather take notice of what occurrs p. 302. l. 6. where he supposes that the immission or insinuation of the Air into the Cavity of a Well for there is the same reason as in the Glass-bottle that is as it were the Well of his Pump is the effect not the cause of the recession of the water The scruple here is whether it may not rightly be said to be both For in that circle of Air and Water that is made in the going of the Pump the moving of the Air that by the coming out of the water is carried either toward the Well or into it as it is the effect of the waters coming out of the Well and Pump so it making part of the circle of Air and Water that gravitates even to the bottom of the Bucket in the Pump where the hazard of an hiatus and the baring of the subtil element is is also a cause I mean instrumental cause for the principal efficient is the Hylostatick Spirit of the world of the getting the water out of the Pump it being part of that material circle in motion caused by that Principle that guides the matter REMARK the Forty seventh The two arguments against the elasticity of the Air which the Learned Authour concludes with are if they be well weighed very considerable The first is that if the elasticity of the Air in a low roof'd Room or a Glass Receiver is able to sustain the Mercury in the Tube at the same height in the Torricellian experiment that it is sustained in the free Air where there is the weight of the Atmospherical Cylinder superadded to the said elasticity of the Air it is a sign that they are both but a mere conceit and that the Mercury is suspended by the pressure of neither I must confess I cannot imagine how those elastick Philosophers can evade the evidence of this argument unless they hope to escape by saying That the elasticity of the Air being brought to its highest vigour or force the Atmospherical pressure can give it so it be but kept at the same springiness and tightness by the Glass or the roof of the Room the elasticity being the same still the effect will be the same This a man might phansie at first sight but if he more distinctly consider the matter it will not satisfie For let the force elastick of the Air in the Glass or Room caused by the pressure first of the Atmosphere be as 10 and this conserved entire in the Glass or Room which does not press against this elastick Air but stands immoved nor would the Atmosphere if it were incumbent on this Air add any thing more to the elasticity thereof but it will still remain as 10 yet though it add nothing to the elasticity of the Air seeing it has a pressure and protrusive force in it which the Roof and Glass have not it will notwithstanding have its distinct force superadded to that 10 of the interjacent elastick Air through which it will effectually act for the easier raising or suspending of the Quick-silver and consequently will suspend at an higher pitch than the Air in a Room or Glass can do there being a small convenient Valve that would let out the Air but hinder any from coming in There is a nicety in this business but I doubt not but the truth will be found on our Learned Authour's side and the urgency forward or progressive conatus of the elastick Air will add something to the account And besides as an Appendage to this Argument if we compare portions of this elastick Air without regard to the Atmosphere the least proportion of it will have equal effect with the greatest and a Cylinder of elastick Air reaching from the roof of the Room to the restagnant quick-silver shall have no more force for the sustaining of the Mercury in the Tube than one of but the tenth part of an inch high which is again a sign there is no such elasticity at all For no man will say that the smallest charge of Gunpowder will when it is fired explode the Bullet with equal force that a due quantity of Powder will for all its elasticity or expansiveness is more quick and smart than this of the Air. Or that if but a quarter of an inch of Air or less were condensated to that proportion that a due measure of air in a Wind-Gun uses to be that it will discharge with that force that the other does and yet both their motions here are by elasticity properly so called Wherefore there being these differences where elasticity is really but none in the pretended elasticity of the Air it is a sign it is a mere pretense and no true Phaenomenon in Nature And now for the Authour 's other Argument which he raised out of his Pump which is this If there were any such elasticity of the Air suppose in a close Room or Glass that could keep up a Cylinder of Mercury I add and raise it too if a Tube of Materia subtilis only could be let down into it to 29 inches high which yet according to the amplitude of its Diameter may weigh two four or ten pound it were impossible but that the elatery of the air in his Pump it being open at K and B so that the Air may come in at B and either Air or Water go out at K should drive a portion of water into the Pipe of but half an inch diameter so that it may rise above the surface of the restagnant water in the Glass-bottle suppose an inch or half an inch high which is nothing in a manner to the raising of 10 pound weight Which we shall understand still more clearly and convincingly if we will suppose the Pipe of this Pump of such a diameter that 29 or 30 inches of Mercury in it would weigh 10 pound and a Glass-bottle of a diameter 18 times larger than that of the Pipe which is the proportion that this Glass-bottle does really bear to this Pipe in the Pump Then imagine this Glass-bottle so well replenish'd with Quick-silver that the restagnant Quick-silver will reach somewhat above the middle of the Glass the Pipe in the mean time filled 29 or 30 inches full of it it will stand at thereabout though it be 10 pound weight nay I dare appeal to any considered Philosopher if there were a Glass-Tube of 4 foot or longer of mere materia subtilis immitted into this Glass-bottle of Mercury sufficiently replenisht therewith if he can otherwise think but that the Mercury will rise up to about 29