Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	air_n	cold_a	heat_n	1,490	5	8.2077	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A45203	Demonstration of astrology, or, A brief discourse, proving the influence of the sun, moon, stars, over this terraqueous globe grounded on the fundamental rules of the Copernican system and philosophy, and verified by practical examples and experience : illustrated by diagrams : whereby the art is rendered almost mathematically demonstrable : to which is added, an astrological and philosophical appendix, or second part, treating of this summer's effects, both in the macrocosm as well as microcosm : wherein we have great cause to fear, that the sword, pestilence, and famine will annoy our European territories this ensuing summer / by William Hunt, a lover of the mathematics and natural philosophy.	Hunt, William, lover of the mathematics and natural philosophy.	1696 (1696)	Wing H3762; ESTC R7694	25,280	47

explain my Method and as I have in the foregoing Chapters explained the most material Circles c. of the Sphere and also how by the Motion of the Sun or Earth our Seasons are constituted viz. Day Night Winter and Summer together with the Natures and Aspects of the Planets So now in this and the following Chapter I shall demonstrate why some Winters are warmer than others and some Summers are colder than other-some and the reason why our Spring sometimes is late and at other times early coming sooner by five or six Weeks some Years than other First Know that the general Constitutions of the Seasons are caused by the Diurnal and Annual Motion of the Earth as before treated of But the Reason of their Variations must be examined by the Annual and Revolutional Motion of the rest of the Planets especially the Superiors the Inferiors having most to do in the daily Mutations of the Air. Now the Motion of the Planets is to be considered in a threefold manner 1. According to their Revolution in respect of the Ecliptick whereby they sometimes as the Sun though with some difference of Latitude are in Estival Signs and sometimes in Winter Signs 2. They are to be considered according to their Motion in this Copernican Projection whereby they are sometimes near to the Earth and sometimes at remoter distance having great Influence at some times and at other times in abject Places and almost void of Influence in respect of us 3. They are to be considered as to their Aphelions and Perihelions they moving in Eliptick Circles as also their Diurnal Revolutions passing by the Motion of their Satellites which as yet have no known Influence 4. Their Natures are chiefly to be noted both Simple and Complicated These are the chief relating to the several Constitutions of the Seasons But in the Diurnal and Horary Vicissitudes we consider the Motion of Venus and Mercury and chiefly the Lunar Motion as also their Aspects and Transits And the Diurnal Motion of the Earth whereby the Sun Moon and Stars become sometimes upon the Meridian or Zenith and sometimes under the Earth or Nadir and sometimes upon the Horizon either rising or setting And note that those Planets are of greatest Force which are nearest to us both in respect of their Perigaeons as well as being Vertical and having North Declination and Latitude as also that Planet which is above the Horizon and the more vertical he is the stronger he is which also is augmented or diminished according as he is beheld by the Sun or the rest of the Planets These and many more Phenomena's are to be considered and well poised in Judgment of which I shall treat in some following Tracts This Tract only treats of the general Nature and Constitution of the Seasons And I shall farther explain the Copernican Projection or Diagrams which ought well to be understood by every one that would be a Proficient in the Knowledg of the Weather Which Diagrams are a new Projection and never before made publick They shewing the true Motions of the Earth and other Planets about the Sun and represent to you the true Geocentrick Places of the Planets as well as Aspects but in the Heliocentrick Places and Aspects of the Planets they vary a little from Truth because of their apparent Eliptical Motions And note that what I say concerning the Demonstration of the third Diagram understand the same of the rest In the said Diagram the Sun is the Center the other Planets move about him in their several Orbits as I have demonstrated in the third Chapter of this Book In this Diagram you may see that the Lunar Orbit is divided into 12 equal Parts being the Right Ascensions of the 12 Zodiacal Signs viz. ♈ ♉ ♊ ♋ ♌ ♍ ♎ ♏ ♐ ♑ ♒ ♓ to those who live under the Zodiack Now when a Planet is in the Point ♑ then I say that Planet 〈◊〉 in Heliocentrick Conjunction with the Earth and in Perigaei● or at his nearest approach to the Earth when in the foresaid Position But note that I call a Planet in Perigaeon when that he is elongated from the Point ♑ as far on either side as the two next Signs viz. ♐ and ♒ that is 30 Degrees on each side And a Planet posited within a few Degrees of the Lines ♏ or ♓ on either side then I say that Planet is in △ with the Sun And a Planet upon or near the Lines ♎ or ♈ then is that Planet in Square to the Sun And when upon the Lines ♍ or ♉ then in Sextile of the Sun And when in or near the Line A ♋ then he is in ☌ with the Sun But when in the Space between the Points ♍ and ♋ or ♉ and ♋ then I say that Planet is in an Abject place or place void of Influence or at least having very weak Influence And note when two Planets are in both in Abject places as suppose ♄ in 15 Degrees of ♌ in Quartile of ♃ in 15 Deg. of ♉ then is that Aspect of much less Force than if they were in Aspect in other places posited nearer the Earth which Aphorism ought well to be heeded And note farther that what I have here said relates chiefly to the Superiors the Phenomena of the Inferiors being something different to them for the Demonstration whereof I shall say nothing until my next appears And what I have said of this Diagram I would have you understand the same of the 5th and 6th Diagrams and in all others of the same Projection Mars is called by me the Sun's Deputy who if near or at a fit distance he becomes hotter than the Sun himself who by reflecting the united Rays of the Sun upon us like a Burning-glass doth make them the more strong and forcible to us but if he be in an Abject place then he hath little or no Force for place a Burning-glass in an Abject place or so far off that the reflected Rays do not reach the Matter or Object to be calcined it cannot fire it Saturn is famed on the other hand for Cold who being composed of Nitrous Particles doth when near the Earth and not opposed or hindred by ♂ his Rays by his Nitrous Particles stop or slacken the Motion of the Atmosphere and thereby as I have said before cause Cold. But Jupiter simply considered viz. when powerful or near the Earth in Perigaeon and in Estival Signs causeth Serenity and wholsome North Winds in Winter seasonable Frosts and in Summer a serene sweet temperate and prolifick Air being rather a favourer of Cold than Heat CHAP. VII IN this Chapter I shall demonstrate my former Method by Examples which shall be done by the cold Summer in the Year 1695 and the succeeding warm January and February And first for the reason of the cold Summer 1695 view the fifth Diagram which is drawn for the Sun's Ingress into the Tropical Sign ♋ viz. June the 11th at Sun-set in which Diagram you

be found at Lady-Day What 's the Cause of Winter's Heat and Summer's Frosts Can a Winter's Night be warmer than a Summer's Day Can the Sun in his lowest Degree and Absence be more potent than in his Presence and almost Verticity Sure if the Sun were the only Cause of the Seasons they would be like him more constant our Heat and Cold would increase and decrease gradually according to his Accesses and Recesses to and from us I believe saith our Antagonist that the Sun rules and constitutes the Seasons viz. Day and Night Winter and Summer But what makes our Winters and Summers to be sometimes colder and sometimes warmer Why some Winters pass away without Frosts almost and some again are very severe and frosty How shall we believe in Astrology when none of our Astrologers can foretel or truly demonstrate or shew a Reason for these Variations Which of them foretold the last cold Summer or this warm Winter Or which of them can shew me why they were so Are they not all of them mistaken in the Weather of this present Winter which makes us think and say with Marcianus Si vis divinare totum contrarium ad unguem dicito ejus quod Astrologi pollicentur that is if we should say Rain when the Astrologer writes fair and dry Weather or Warm when he writes of Cold we should guess right as soon as the Astrologer who doth only banter his Reader and pretended Art Who can be such Fools as to believe them Or who can pretend to vindicate Astrology which ought to be credited no farther than it can be demonstrated To which I agree and believe that to be no Art or at least vain and frivolous and not to be trusted which doth not carry Reason and Demonstration along with it Therefore in our following Essays I shall endeavour thereat and desire to be credited or believed no further than I can give a rational Demonstration thereof CHAP. III. Demonstrateth the Copernican Hypothesis and with it my Method viz. how the Planets are moved round the Sun in their respective Orbs in several spaces of Time whereby they become sometimes near to the Earth and sometimes at a greater distance from her and sometimes making several Angles or Aspects to the Earth as shall be made appear by the third and fourth Diagrams IN the third Diagram you may see that I according to Copernicus have put the Sun in the Centre of his Vortex he being the Fountain of Light and Heat and Prince of the Planets who like a great Monarch having large Dominions maketh use of Deputy-Princes and Magistrates to distribute his Majestick Rays throughout his Dominions Which Deputies I represent to be Saturn Jupiter Mars the Earth Venus and Mercury with their several Satellites which respect their several Orbs as the Moon doth our Earth The Motion of the Sun round his own Axis is the Spring or first Mover of the Planets who are carried round him in their several Orbits as you may see by the third Diagram which I shall demonstrate as followeth You see the Sun is in the Center and each Planet is put in his respective Place and Orbit for the 10th day of June 1696 at Sun-set being marked with their respective Characters Now the Sun moving round his own Axis from West to East carrieth the Planets round him the same way as followeth Mercury is the nearest and is carried round the Sun in 88 days Venus is the next in order and is carried round the Sun and Mercury's Orbit in 225 Days The Earth is the next in order about whom moves the Moon in 27 days and odd Hours who together with the Moon is carried round the Sun and the two Inferiors in her Orbit in 365 days and 6 hours ferè Mars is next and is carried round the Sun in his Orbit in 682 days Jupiter is next and is carried round the Sun in his Orbit in 12 Solar Years Saturn is the last in order and is carried round the Sun and all the Planets in his Orbit in almost 30 Solar Years Beyond whom is the large and unaccountable Space or Heavens of the fixed Stars And these aforesaid Planets are moved round the Sun by a twofold Motion viz. round their own Axis and also round their respective Orbits through the Zodaical Signs about the Sun Like as a Bowl is trundled to a certain Mark or Jack it moves round its Axis and also from the place of your Station where you delivered it for by its often turning round its Axis it at last arrives at or near the aforesaid Jack only with this difference that as the Bowl moves in a streight Line the Planets are moved circularly in their Orbits about the Sun But I shall explain their Motions more plain by the Motion of the Earth as followeth But before I begin a word or two to explain some Requisits belonging to the third Diagram 1. Understand that the Earth is placed on the East side of the Sun who appears to set in the West to the Inhabitants who live at the Point B. 2. The Point ♑ Saturn being therein is the East side of the Diagram 3. The Line perpendicular from ♎ down to B is the Meridian or South and its opposite the North Point 4. The Center of the Earth is its Axis about which it moves and the outward Circle of the Earth A B C D is that Line or Surface of the Earth which lieth parallel under the Equinoctial Line and represents the Equator 5. Those Lines drawn through the twelve equal Divisions of the Lunar Orbit are the Right Ascensions of the twelve Zodiacal Signs Now suppose that you lived at the Point B upon the Equator then would the Sun seem to set to you in the West and Saturn presently after appear to rise near the East for the Earth turning or trundling round its Orbit and Axis from West to East the Zodiacal Signs do each severally appear to rise culminate and set as also the fixed Stars the Sun and Planets Now the Earth turning from B to C which it performs in six hours from the aforesaid time of Sun-set then would it be Midnight the Earth's Body interposing between the Sun and you at C and in six hours more you would by the Earth's Motion be carried to D then would the Sun appear to rise and in six hours more you would be moved to A and then would the Sun be upon your Meridian viz. just over your Heads making thereby Noon with you and in six hours more making in all 24 hours the length of the Day and Night you would be brought to the same Place again and the Sun setting as before and by that time that the Earth had moved round her Axis 365 times thereby constituting as many Days she would in the said space of time be carried round the Sun in her Orbit through the Obliquity of the Ecliptick and the 12 Zodiacal Signs thereby constituting our Year as was before treated on in

see that Saturn is in Perigaeon or near the Earth and Mars in an abject Place as also ♃ which is the Cause of our cold Summer for Saturn's nearness fills our Atmosphere with Nitre and Mars not being able to oppose his chill Influence we therefore had a very cold Summer notwithstanding the Sun was then in his greatest Northern Vertical Strength And in the next place let us see the Reason for our warm and favourable Winter especially in January and February following the said cold Summer which two Months are as much fam'd for Cold as June and July are for Heat In the sixth Diagram which is drawn for the Sun's entrance into ♓ viz. the 8th of February at Sun-set wherein we find the cold Planet Saturn in an abject place being thereby far remote from the Earth and Mars and Jupiter are in Perigaeon and also in an Estival Sign viz. on this side the Equator and Mars in a Southern and Winter Sign for depressed Mars in this place becomes our Deputy Sun who like a Burning-Glass warms our Atmosphere by reflecting back the Sun's Rays upon us thereby warming our Air very much whose Heat is augmented by the Proximity of Jupiter they both being in Opposition of the Sun In Places about ten degrees North and South Declination viz. on each side the Equinoctial yea all that part of the Torrid Zone they felt Mars his Influence with a Vengeance for Mars being in ☍ of the Sun and in Conjunction with Jupiter a Nitrosulphurious Planet would like Gun-powder cause violent Combustions in the Atmosphere great and violent Thunders and Lightnings burning up the very Vegetables with their great Heat But we in the more Northern Climates by reason of the Sun's Absence and great Depression only enjoy'd a more warm Season than usual at the Season nay it was oft and many a day in January and February warmer than several days in June and July preceding We had Thunder and Lightning even at Christmas this Year in our Climate caused by the aforesaid Position But before I conclude this Chapter I shall say something concerning the unparallell'd and never to be forgotten Frost which happen'd in the Year 1683 which most Astrologers judged to be a Badg of the Effects of the grand ♂ of Saturn and Jupiter trebly repeated the Winter and Spring preceding but tho that was the Cause as I believe it was why had we not the Cold the Winter before when they were partilely conjoin'd I doubt not but it will puzzle most of our Modern Astrologers to shew the Reason But by our Copernican Method it 's plain why the Cold did not commence the Year before for tho ♄ and ♃ were both in Perigaeon which by our Method is a strong Augment of cold and severe Frost yet we had then Mars our Deputy Sun in square to the Sun who being upon the Meridian or Zenith while Saturn and Jupiter were upon the Horizon who hath great Force and Power by that Position and did by his great Power overcome the chill Influence of ♄ and ♃ and caused a temperate Season But after that Mars had got into an abject place which was the succeeding Winter and Saturn and ♃ still continuing near together and becoming in Perigaeon again the next Winter who then play'd their parts to purpose for Mars was also in a Winter Sign as well as in an abject place who being thereby weakned and not able to over-power the Influence of ♄ and ♃ who then play their parts to purpose then began the time for Severity They that will or can may draw the respective Diagrams for the said Winters wherein they may find Satisfaction And so I shall conclude this Chapter and with it the first Part. June the 11th 1696. at Sun-set Diagram III. This Diagram I call a Copernican Projection upon the Plane of the Equinoctial In which the Sun is the Centre about whom move all the Planets in their respective Orbs as also the Earth about whom moves the Moon as her Centre But for the Explanation thereof see the 3d Chapter of the first Part and also the 6th Chapter Diagram IV. This Diagram is drawn for the sake of demonstrating the Aspects of the Planets and is only a Projection of the Lunar Circle of the 3d Diagram in a larger Figure whereby the planetary Aspects are more plain to the Eye they being the same in the Lunar Orb in the 3d Diagram but not so easy to be understood June the 11th 1695. at Sun-set Diagram V. February the 8th 1696 at Sun-set Diagram VI. The Second Part. Being a brief Astrological Judgment or Appendix treating of this ensuing Spring and Summer's Effects both in the Macrocosm as well as Microcosm wherein there are many Causes to fear that Pestilence and Famine will be added to the Plague of the devouring Sword in our European Territories CHAP. I. I Shall begin with the Month of March wherein about the 10th day the Sun enters into the Vernal and Equinoctial Sign Aries at which time I consider the Position and Affection of the Planets according to our former Method At which time Saturn is in great Southern Declination viz. in ♑ a Winter Sign but yet the Earth begins to apply to him he being separating from a Geocentrick ⚹ of the Sun and applieth to a □ of him Mars separates from Jupiter by Retrogradation and is gotten out of his Perigaeon and left Jupiter therein Mars is also in Opposition with Venus which is a general Aphorism amongst all Astrologers viz. when ♂ and ♀ are conjoined by Body or Aspect and especially in ☍ then they produce at this season Rain or Snow to excess it being called an Apertio Portarum or an opening of the Floodgates of Heaven But at this Season for the abovesaid Reasons we shall have rather Frosts and Snow with Hail for Jupiter in Perigaeon and so far elongated from Mars who is out of his Perigaeon in ☍ with ♀ will undoubtedly cause much Frosts and Snow to the Detriment of our too forward Spring and early Vegetables as Apricocks c. And these frosty Mornings are like to continue throughout the Month because about the end ♃ is in ☍ with ♀ and ♄ becomes in □ to the Sun a Position wherein he is very powerful yet ♂ in △ with the Sun will mitigate a little and give us a glimpse of his warm Influence about the two or three last days of this Month and beginning of April and may cause a Remission of Cold especially in the Afternoons but the Cold prevails afterwards again And now being come to April in the beginning whereof as I said before there is an ☍ ♃ ♀ and □ ☉ ♄ which notwithstanding the aforesaid △ ☉ ♂ will cause a glum cold Season for the most part of the Month because ♄ and ♃ are in more powerful Positions than ♂ our Deputy Sun for ♄ is every Morning at Sun-rise upon the Meridian by which Position he becomes vertical to them

who live on the South-side of the Equator therefore this Position will certainly produce us cold Mornings and frosty most part of April very prejudicial to our too forward Spring Mercury is at his greatest Elongation from the Sun and may be seen to rise before him about the tenth day for several Mornings May comes next in order in which Month on the 6th day the Moon suffers a total Eclipse and happens just at Midnight upon the Meridian and in their Zenith who live upon the Equator in the same Longitude with us At which time ♄ is in △ with ☉ and ♃ is separated from a △ of the Sun Mars is gotten in □ with ☉ and is upon the Meridian every Evening about Sun-set to them who live under the Equinox in which Position he being upon their Zenith he hath great force also ♃ applies to a ☌ of ♂ and also to a □ of Sol. I fear by this Eclipse and other Positions attending it that we shall have but little Fruit it also threatens a Rot of Sheep and a sickly Season for the Atmosphere is full of Pestilential Vapours A violent and active Season both in the Macroeosm as well as Microcosm The Weather at the beginning of the Month will be wet and I doubt holds longer than it 's welcome About the middle we shall have great Heat by sits and tempestuous high Winds This or the next Month should produce plenty of Earthquakes and violent Eruptions of the burning Mountains with divers strange Phenomena's in the Heavens sure no Comet There will be very violent Thunders and harmful Lightning in this and the next Month firing many Houses in more Southern Countries if not here in England And now I come to treat of the Tropical Month of June about the 11th day whereof the Sun enters into our Northern Tropick ♋ for which time I have drawn the Copernican Projection viz. the third Figure or Diagram which is a violent Position which I shall explain as followeth Saturn in the said Diagram is in Perigaeon and in ☍ with ♀ both being in Tropical Signs Jupiter and Mars are in ☌ near the end of ♍ an Equinoctial Position and will be seen South-west in the eighth House the House of Death within a Span's breadth of one another A beautiful Sight to behold but as saith the Learned Dr. Goad they will be like the Cannon in the Camp tho beautiful yet terrible All the rest of the Planets are in Cardinal Signs the Moon being at the said time in ☍ of ♃ and ♂ these are active and violent Positions and will as certainly be attended with as violent Effects The Weather will be variable Saturn's nearness to the Earth makes a cold Air but ☌ ♃ ♂ in ♍ an Estival Sign and near a □ of ☉ will cause very hot Weather by fits violent Thunders and harmful Lightnings and great Hail caused by the Chymistry of the Heavens for Saturn fills the Atmosphere with Nitre and the nitrous and sulphurious Particles being fired by the ☌ ♃ ♂ will undoubtedly cause violent Combustions c. By whose poisonous and sulphurious Fumes our Air will be infected producing thereby contagious and infectious Diseases with prejudicial and unkind Blasts and Mildews damnifying the Corn this Month being the principal Season for the flowring and blossoming of all manner of European Corn as Wheat Barley Beans Rye c. It being a certain and true Maxim in Philosophy that all manner of Vegetables are most tender and subject to be hurt when in blossom or flowring which may be compared to teeming Animals who are in more danger of Abortion presently after Conception than when long gone with young So that this ☌ ♃ ♂ falling at the time of the blossoming and flowring of our Corn will by its poisonous Quality much damnify it by Mildews and Blites and I fear that this will be generally throughout Europe and especially in the more Southern Countries and particularly in France As far as I can see it threatens Scarcity and Famine of which I shall treat more particularly in the next Chapter And shall now treat of the Nature of July about the middle whereof Saturn is in ☌ with the Earth or in Perigaeon and Jupiter and Mars are in abject places this Position denotes another cold July and slow and dull Hay-weather cold cloudy and moist Season with South-Wind often but more often the North East our Harvest ripens slowly But I shall say the less of this and the next Month because I design in my next Book to treat more particularly thereof they being our Harvest Months August will be cold and dull Weather for the Reasons aforesaid with much South-Winds and cloudy and moist too I fear especially the latter half thereof But for the Particulars I beg your Patience until my next appears certainly it will be a sickly Season and so shall conclude this Chapter But I shall fore-stall my next Book so much as to let you know that we shall certainly have a very early and sharp Winter fore-warn'd fore-arm'd CHAP. II. I Having in the last Chapter hinted of a turbulent and violent Summer both in the Macrocosm as well as Microcosm wherein I fear a general Sickness and blasting Season as also that the Sword will be more mortal and deadly this Summer than it hath been since the War began therefore I shall say something thereof in this Chapter more particularly and consider what Countries will be most passive and how it will terminate We are still under the malevolent Effects of the grand ☌ ♄ ♃ and of the dire Effects those Comets presaged which appeared in the Years 1680 and 1682 which was the Prodromus of these European Wars And in the Years 1692 and 1693 the said Superiours ♄ and ♃ were in Opposition which produced several Earthquakes These Earth-quakes by their Nitro-sulphurious and mineral Vapours and Arsenitical and Mercurial Fumes have poisoned our Air and rendred our Vegetables c. corruptive and unwholsome for the Air was first infected by those aforesaid Fumes and Vapours which over-powered and poisoned the true saline and nitrous Particles conducing to Vegetation and Health so that our Vegetables did not come to their Maturity for wanting that saline Vigor which should conduce to their Perfection they remained crude and not fit for Aliment so that we feeding on these Vegetables and Animals whose Flesh not being fed with healthful Aliment wanting its true Balsamick Virtue and Nourishment and also by breathing and sucking in the aforesaid poisonous Vapours we do become unhealthy and our Bodies for want of the aforesaid saline Vigor and true Balsamick Temper do become infectious and corruptive Also it 's a general Rule amongst Physicians and Philosophers that when we have our Seasons irregular and out of order viz. Winterly Summers and Summerly Winters and when instead of a wholsome North Wind we have an unwholsome South Wind most part of the Winter then do they foresee a Sickness generally to ensue

Saturn rising South-East in Opposition to Mercury setting North-West and beholding Jupiter and Mars with a Benevolent Trine they being near the West and if you rise the next Morning before the Sun rises you may see the Moon in Sextile of Saturn and in Quartile to the Rising Sun And so much shall suffice at present concerning the Aspects CHAP. V. Treateth of the Nature of the Planets THE Natures of the Planets were first found out by the diligent Observation and Experience of the Antients amongst whom Ptolomy was the chief who left us their Natures and Affections and wrote the whole Body of Astrology and left it to Postority he being called the Prince of Astrologers It 's pity his Foundation was laid upon the Sands for if he had built it upon the Philolaian or Copernican Hypothesis which was invented by Philolaus before Ptolomy's Time he would by his Observations and Industry have done Wonders and Astrology by this time might have been much approved But Learning as well as other things is subject to Changes and Vicissitudes according as it doth please God to reveal himself to Man for tho some Men in any Age be never so wise and do leave their Aphorisms and Arcana's to Posterity yet by several Accidents they may be lost for either the Genius of that Age may not be fit or capable to receive them or they may be lost by Fires or the Subversion and Alteration of Governments c. Is it not great pity that the Works of that most wise Man Solomon should be lost who wrote of all things under the Sun from the Cedar of Lebanon to the Hysop that grows upon the Wall Wisdom of Solomon Chap. 7. But to our purpose Ptolomy and all Astrologers after him Dr. Goad excepted define the Nature of the Planets as followeth Saturn cold and dry Jupiter hot and moist Mars hot dry and burning the Sun hot and dry more temperate than Mars Venus cold and moist Mercury cold and dry the Moon cold and moist This is their brief Account of the Natures of them They tell you also why they retain those Natures too tedious here to insert because I think it not material being their Opinion is grounded upon a false Supposition Dr. Goad a late Author denies the Account and makes Jupiter to be a cold Planet yea colder than Saturn How shall we agree these Opinions Truly I think they are both mistaken being both upon a wrong and false Foundation for Dr. Goad treads in Ptolomy's steps in all things except in this viz. about the Nature of the Planets Now I shall lay down my Judgment of their Natures which I presume will hold the Test of Experience which is the only Refiner of Truth Saturn I believe to be as well as the rest an Opake Body and as saith Ptolomy of a cold and dry Nature especially by Accident for we are always sensible of his chill Influence when he is in Perigaeon or in Heliocentrick ☌ with the Earth and for Demonstration view the fifth Diagram where you 'l see Saturn in Perigaeon or in conjunction with the Earth which was the principal Cause of the last cold Summer I could bring several Examples and Reasons to prove my Assertion two or three Instances we have had in our late cold Summers which were always cold when Saturn was in Perigaeon Mars all agree to be hot dry and burning yea hotter than the Sun himself Which seems a Contradiction that a reflected Light should be hotter than the Fountain from whence it proceeds To which I answer that it may be by Accident As for Instance The reflex burning Glass which receiving the Sun's Rays and contracting and uniting them they become hotter than the Sun's Rays and being darted upon any combustible Matter it sets it on fire And such is the Nature of Mars who when in Perigaeon or near the Earth doth make us sensible of his Heat View the sixth Diagram where Mars is in conjunction with the Earth which at the same time caused a very warm Season And now I come to Jupiter concerning whom there hath been much Controversy Ptolomy making him warm and Dr. Goad contrarily making him a cold Planet and gives very probable Arguments to prove his Assertions How shall I reconcile these two Opinions for they both plead Reason and Experience for their so doing Ptolomy thinks him warm because when simply in opposition with the Sun he produceth a warm Season and when joined with Mars he often produces great Heat and Thunder And Dr. Goad maketh him a cold Planet because that when joined with Saturn he augments Cold yea and in Winter when joined with Mars he hath a hand in many hard Frosts he being the Parent of the North Wind and Serenity both great Friends to a cold Constitution with many more Reasons of the like Nature Now my Opinion of Jupiter is that he is a Planet composed of Nitrous Particles which like Gunpowder or Nitre when it meets with Cold it actuates it And when it meets with Fire or Heat it actuates that and breaketh forth into Combustions Jupiter being a Planet full of Nitre doth as the Cartesians say six the Particles of the Atmosphere thereby stopping or hindering Motion and then Cold followeth of course which is an Essential Quality and was in being before the World was created for in the beginning this Vortex was a Chaos or confused Lump the Air Earth and Water being congealed or mixed together But when God created the Sun Moon and Planets by putting them in Motion this Motion was the Original of Heat as may be proved by the violent Motion of any thing as suppose a Mill which will cause Heat to that Degree that she will fire if not prevented Now when this Motion is hindred by the Nitrous Particles of Jupiter then Cold the prime Quality takes place As is proved by mixing of Salt or Nitre with Snow it will freeze and cause Ice by the Fire-side But if this Nitre or Gunpowder be joined with hot and sulphurous Planets then it causeth Combustions in the Atmosphere as Heat with Thunder and Coruscations c. So that I define Jupiter to be of a Nitro-sulphurious Nature like to Gunpowder and is either Hot or Cold by Accident but rather a favourer of Cold if simply considered Which aforesaid Definition I shall prove by Examples The Nature of the Sun needs no Definition it being vulgarly known to every Plow-boy all the World being sensible of his Warmth nothing being hid from the Heat thereof But as for the Natures of the Inferiors viz. Venus Mercury and the Moon I shall at present rest with the Opinion of the Antients for brevity-sake they not having so great Influence in the general Constitution of the Seasons But it may be expected in some succeeding Book where I treat of the daily Vicissitudes of the Air and shall say no more here having cleared the great Point between Ptolomy and Dr. Goad CHAP. VI. IN this Chapter I shall