rarefies it into Wind and Ructus and from hence we know all windy Herbs by having an Acrimony lodged in a Mucilage 3. All the sweet and mucilaginous Legumina as Beans Peas are hardly digested by reason of their Sliminess and Sweetness apt to ferment Wines of the sweet and mucilaginous Fruits as Figs Raisins Grapes and other Fruits and all the Mault-Liquors made of Corn are full of a vegetable Mucilage and contain also an oyly acid Spirit which is stopt from its due Fermentation by the Sliminess or outward Accidents or for want of a due Ripeness in the Fruit it is made of for this Reason Wines made of our acid and crude English Fruits are very windy the airy elastic Particles seem to mix with the oyly acid Spirits of all Vegetable Liquors and when they are not thorowly fermented those elastic Particles remain mixed with the crude slimy Liquor and create the Windiness of it or if any fermenting Liquor be shut up in Bottles before those elastic airy Particles have evaporated which are observed to produce the Froth in all fermenting Liquors they create a great windiness in those bottled Liquors and they become very unhealthful to flatulent Bodies Sugar and Honey make windy Liquors because they are apt to ferment and their Spirits are depressed and the airy elastic fermenting Particles are detained by their innate Gummosity 4. Oyls and Fat 's are hardly digested because of the Mucilage they have joyned with them so Butter Oyl and fat Meat lie long in the Stomach and are hardly turned into a thin Chyle and for this reason Chessnuts and all oyly Nuts are commonly thought windy 5. All crude Plants as Spinage Lettuce Purslain Mushrooms are windy by reason of their crude Mucilage and unaptness to be digested 6. All Acids and acerb Fruits are windy as being less apt to ferment unless with contrary Salts Mr. Boyl's Vacuum proves all Liquids to be full of airy Particles which rise upon the pumping of the Air but that Acids have the least of it and therefore I have observed March-Drink to have the least Windiness and all other ripe Liquors 7. All very mucilaginous Flesh-Meats as the Extremities of Animals and Fish and Water-Fowl are accounted windy by reason of their abundant Sliminess II. All external Causes which hinder a just Fermentation produce Windiness as Idleness want of due Exercise too much Sleep cold Air Fear Sadness too much Evacuation by Venery Baths Exercise spend the Spirits too much which help the Invigorating of the stomachic Ferment and all Evacuations stopt in the Haemorrhoids or Menses vitiate the stomachic Ferment by mixing the Guts with it and in Obstructions of the Viscera are blown up continually The internal Causes of a cold Flatulency are 1. A Stomachic Ferment which wants Spirits being only sowre or mucilaginous acerb or austere 2. The vapid watery mucilaginous or crude State of Blood and Humours for they who have a strong Heat or due Fermentation have no Flatulencies unless the Meat be of the qualities above-mentioned which are unfit for Fermentation and so cannot throughly be dissolved by it by reason of their unaptness to ferment They who have a very low Digestion have no Windiness because they cannot raise the Spirits in the slimy Meat so far as to become windy but those only are flatulent who can digest to some degree whereby the Spirits begin to separate but do not perfectly volatilize themselves and separate the aery Particles from the fermenting Liquor which by its Sliminess retains much of the aery elastic Particles 3. When the Pylorus is so obstructed that the alimentary Tincture does not descend to the Guts it becomes windy in the Stomach 4. When the Choler does not correct the Acidities of the Aliments digested as in the Jaundice Flatuosities are produced 5. In the Obstruction of the Viscera the Spleen-Juyce or the Hepatic is mixt with the animal Ferment in the Stomach and vitiates the Digestion or the conglobate Glands send their serous Lympha's thither in Catarrhs or the Obstructions hinder the Distribution of the Chyle The Cure of Flatulency consists 1. In Evacuation of the slimy Humour which burthens the Stomach by Vomits and Purges and Clysters which are Carminative and Phlegmagogues 2. By avoiding all noxious windy Meats and Drinks and using a contrary Diet to help Digestion as those above-mentioned and all the carminative Aromatics added to it as Pepper Ginger Cloves Nutmegs and by avoiding all fulness of Diet and Surfeits and to use a very simple Diet of Flesh-Meats small Ale and Bread and no other to avoid Suppers and Venery after Meat and much Exercise and all sorts of Vegetables in Diet as Legumens Mault Drinks and Sallets 3. The pituitous acerb and vapid Temper of the stomachic Ferment and of the Blood must be corrected by Digestives above-mentioned and the Phlegmagogues must evacuate it as Pilulae Aloephanginae c. 4. The Matter rarefied into Flatus must be evacuated by Pil. Mastich Aloephangin by Clysters and Vomits 5. The Flatuosities must be discussed 1. By sweet Aromatics as Semen AmmcosÊ’ss boiled in Wine or Caraways Cummin Fenil Aniseed Dill Lovage Parsly-Seeds infused in Wine or Eleosacchara of them as Fenil Ol. Gutt 6. in Wine Daucus-Seeds in Beer â—…eptic Powders of the Seeds mentioned and restaceous Powders Roots of Angelica in Powder or Wine Spirit or Tincture of Imperatoria wild Parsnip-Seeds Lovage-Roots boiled 2. By the acrid Aromatics as Pepper whose Tinct with Brandy or Spirit of Sal Armoniac or Diatrion Pipereon in rotulis cum Sacch Ol. Feniculi Cubebs Cardamom in Spirit Tincture or Wine 3. The Laurel Aromatics as Ol. Cinnam Caryophill cum Sacch Forbiculi addend Ambr. Grys Confect è baccis LauriÊ’ij ante pastum Orange Peels and Limons Nutmegs Winter-Bark in Tincture or Wine or Bay-Berries in Wine 4. Terebinthinate Aromatics as Juniper-Berries candied No. X. or Syrup of the same made with Wine or Juniper-Wine Enula compound Candied 5. Acrid sweet Aromatics Calamus Aromaticus Ginger Zedoary Galanga which may be infused in Wine or Brandy thus â„ž Calami Aromatici Zedoarii Galangae Zinzib an Ê’ij SenaeÊ’vi Agarici Turbethi an Ê’iij Cardamom Ê’i Fiat infus in Vin. alb lbij. colat Capiat â„¥ iij. Let Zedoary be chewed in the Mouth or infused in Wine Use Costus and Iris in Wine or Tincture 6. Cephalic acrid styptic Aromatics and hitterish as Calaminth Mint Penny-Royal Thyme Rosemary in Wine or their Oyls in Lozenges or spec Diacalaminth in Lozenges 7. Bitters deterge the phlegmatic Matter joyned with Aromatics as Wormwood-Wine with Sal volatile oleosum or Enula and Orange Peels Chamomil Flowers two handfuls in a Bottle of Sack bitter Wines of Centaury Gentian and Orange Peels Decoction of Polium Montanum in Wine or Conserve of Tansie Theriaca or Mithridate with Wine Syrup of Carduus â„¥ iij. with ℈ i. of Extract of Calamus Aromaticus 8. Foetids as Rheu in Wine or Syrup or distilled or in Clysters and outwardly Oyl of
cum Syr. Lujuloe F. Elect. 2. By Vitriolic Chalybeates as Sal Vitrioli dissolved in Antiscorbutic Milk Waters or Willis's Steel so dissolved or Mineral Waters Chalybeate Steel prepared with Juyce of Apples or Wood-Sorrel or Oranges and a Tincture may be extracted with Spirit of Scurvy-Grass Tartar Chalybeate as Cremor Tartari ℈ ij Sal Prunell ℈ i. Vitriol Martis gr iij. Capiat cum Jusculis alterantibus 3. By mixed Salts as Sal Armoniac Arcanum duplicat Vitriolat Tartar Nitrous Acids as Sal Prunell or Mixture of different Salts as Cream of Tartar and Salt Spirit of Salt and Spirit of Scurvy-Grass mixt 4. By Testaceous Medicines as Crabs Eyes VI. The Choler must be cleansed 1. By Cichoraceous Bitters as Cichory Dandelion Roots 2. By Dock Bitters and Sorrel Roots in Beer or clarefied Whey 3. By Chewing Rhubarb and Purging Waters and the Chalybeate 4. It must be diluted by Milk and Water by Avoiding fermented strong Liquors and all hot Diet. CHAP. XI Of the Viscidity of the Serum or Inspissation of the Chyle new mixed with it in the Sizie Rheumatic or Inflamed Bloods THERE is a Natural Slimy Viscidity in all the Lacteal Lympha's and Milky Humours of Animals and this is like dissolved watery Gums in its Natural State but beside this Viscidity there is another naturally in the Cake of Blood which makes it congeal and stiff when cold this natural Viscidity is altered by too high a Fermentation of Humours and becomes like Inspissate Gums which is the Gummy Viscidity or Gelatinous like Jelly Broths 1. The Lympha Lactea such as the Spittle becomes of a Gummy Consistence and covers the Tongue with a white Skin and all the Phlegm from the Salivatory Glands is Viscous 2. The Mucus of the Aspera Arteria is Viscid and is formed into Globuli such as the Grando Pulmonum This Mucus is also thickned by Stagnation during which the Heat of the Body dries it or the Air by its Cold or Nitrous Particles thickens it or the Nutriment of the Nervous Membranes is deposited into the Vesiculae being depraved or hindred in its Assimulation The Sub-acid Mucus of the Stomach and Guts is made more Viscid by Fevers or hot Diet and this lines the insides of the Stomach with a Pituitous Saburra which hinders the Sense of the Appetite 4. The Lymphatic Vehicle of the Spirits is made more Viscid in the Palsie Apoplexy and Sleepy Distempers 5. The Humours of the Eyes are sometimes very Viscid and reflect the Light by flying about in the Eye like Motes in the Sun and the Thickness of the watery Humour is a Cataract but that of the Crystalline produces a Glaucoma 6. The Thickness of the Chyle produces Obstructions in the Lacteals and that in the Breast Inflammations By the Thickness of the Lacteal Lympha's Scrophulous Tumours are produced in all the Conglomerate Glands or at least Catarrhs The Seminal Lympha of the Vagina or Testicles being too Viscid may produce Sterility This Viscidity of the Chyle and its Lympha's may be called the Gummous Viscidity which is produced by Thickning their Natural Mucilage for a watery Gum differs only from a Mucilage by its Inspissation for the Mucilages of Plants may be boiled into a Gummy Tenaceous or Emplastic Consistence and the White of an Egg grows hard by the Heat of the Fire There is another Species of Viscidity proper to the Serous Lympha when it is inspissate by Heat or congeals by Cold or coagulates by an Acid. Broths long boiled become Viscid Jellies and they melt with the Heat because of the Oyliness mixed with them Turpentines and Oyls leave a Colophony upon the Separation of their thinner Oyl and such a sticking gluey Substance is made by the Oyl of Harts-Horn when the thinner Oyl is distilled off from it The Serum of the Blood inspissates as it does in a Spoon at the Fire by long Fevers and it produces Tumours and Obstructions of the Parts and Rheumatic Pains and Pustules in the Skin This Viscidity of the Serum makes the Vrin to have thick Contents as in Rheumatisms and all Inflammations Catarrhs Fevers It produces Pains by stagnating in the Lymphatics and by being stopt out of its Glands The Blood it self becomes of a viscid Consistence and produces Polypous Concretions and Palpitations and sudden Syncopes The viscid Blood stops the Flux of the Menses The Consistence of the Choler is thickned by too hot a Diet which thickens its ropy Slime and produces the Jaundice The Slimy Lympha of the Spleen thickned by too high a Fermentation produces Obstructions in the Spleen or this is thickned by being coagulated by its own innate Vitriolic Acidity or by Stagnation of the Slimy Humour or Transmission of Viscid Humours there after Quartans The ropy Vehicle of the Bile may be coagulated by the Vitriolic Acid of the Spleen and produce the Atra Bilis The Salso-acid Temper of the Blood may coagulate the new Chyle which comes into it and so produce all the Inflammations Pains Tumours sudden Death Suffocations in Catarrhs The evident Causes of the Gummous and Gelatinous Viscidities are 1. Too much external Heat of Air Cloths Baths Fire which inspissate by Evaporating the watery Vehicle of the Caseous Parts of the Serum and Lympha's 2. Too much Cold thickens Liquors which by Constriction or Compression stops the Motion of the Active Particles which cause their Fluidity and their Viscid Particles cohere like Oyls thickned by Cold or the Blood thickned by the cold Air when out of the Vein 3. Acrid Meats or the Aromatic Spices or Vinous Liquors by their fiery Particles thicken the Mucilaginous Humours so the White of an Egg is hardened by Spirit of Wine and the Serum of the Blood in them who drink Brandy 4. The thin Serous Parts are evaporated by too much Sweat immoderate Exercises by Watchings and Passions the quantity is abated by Diarrhaea's much spitting in taking Tobacco or great Fluxes of Vrin by which the Blood is made grumous or void of Serum 5. The great Use of Viscid Meats as Fish Jellies Mealy Vegetables Rice Wheat c. or by strong thick Viscid Ale or Wines or the much Use of White Bread made without Bran. The internal Causes of Viscid Humours are 1. A Rancid hot Fermentation of the Meat so as to resemble fryed Eggs by their Ructus 2. Acrid Choler which hastens the Digestion and quickens the Sanguification and evacuates the Serum by Vrin 3. The Natural Oyly Temper of the Blood which resembles the ropy Consistence of other Oyly Liquors or the Salso-Acid Temper which carries the Serum off by Vrin as the Medicines of that Taste or else a preternatural Fermentation which makes the Blood of the Scorbutic like a Jelly 4. The Blood is often coagulated by its own Acids so if through Exercise or hot Diet it be rarified and suddenly cooled with external Accidents as sitting in a cool Place or cold Air the Serum of the Blood or the
referred to the Class of Ephemera's If the salt Serum be inclinable to stony or sandy Coagulations an Effervescence of the Blood tinged with that Humour produces the Gout and stone Fits This Effervescence preceeds the Gout some Days with a Lassitude in the Limbs and Heaviness of the Body and a preternatural Heat Watching Thirst Nauseousness and a Dryness on the Tongue This Effervescence or Fever lasts usually 30 or 40 Days which is the common Term of great Fluxes and acute Fevers This Fever has Exacerbations towards Night and remits in the Morning but the Ingenious Piso thinks it to be Febris imputris synocha legitima potius quam putris quae dolores arthriticos comitatur The Effervescence in the Blood of Gouty Persons forces the salt Serum upon the nervous Parts of the Joynts through their Glands whereby the acute Pains of the Gout are produced and the convulsive Cramps preceeding the Fit The Water is pale in the beginning and afterwards high-coloured with thick Sediment The Fit of the Gout is cured as usual Fluxes depending on an Ephemera by Bleeding once or twice by Glysters and Opiates and by a thin spare Diet for the three first Days or a perfect Abstinence but afterwards Water-Gruel Chicken-Broth Sack-Posset-Drink After a Week when the Fever and Pain decline which will appear by the Vrin Purging agrees well by some Lenitive as Decoct Senae An Anodyne Poultess at first must be laid to the Part and afterwards Discutients and Nervines are necessary For the Preventing the Fit frequent Vomitings once in a Month Purging with Rhubarb three Days before the Full and Change of the Moon and three Days after them A spare Diet and Abstinence from all strong Liquors with moderate Exercise are absolutely necessary All hot Arthritics are Injurious in the Fit as Theriaca Sp. C. cervini Guaicum And it is a general Errour of Practisers to prescribe hot Specifics during the Effervescence which occasions a Defluxion but they are more properly used in the Intervals of the Fit to correct the Cacochymia and we find too long use of them occasions a new Effervescence and Defluxion Bitters help the Digestion of the Arthritic and Drinking Bath-Waters cures the Saltness of their Bloods or else Asses Milk alters the Saltness Seventhly If the Serum be both salt and viscid and by any Accident effervesces Haemorrhagies are produced at the Nose Lungs Arms Womb which are accompanied with a feverish Effervescence And we may observe that Bleeding the Cortex Opiates and cool antiscorbutic Juyces and Abstinence from fermenting Liquors by abating the Fever cure more successfully than any Styptics whatsoever If the Effervescence be in a viscid Blood only it produces Rheumatisms Pains of the Hips Shoulders Loyns Knees Head as in the Hemicrania but that of the Muscles generally is called a Rheumatism but if it fall inwardly it is a Pleurisie or Peripneumonia when it affects the middle Region if on the Kidnies it makes a Nephritis if on the Brain externally a Lethargy or more internally an Apoplexy on the Nerves a Paralysis on the Guts a Cholic on the Eyes Ophthalmia c. In all the fore-mentioned Cases there is an Effervescence preceeding the Pains and Inflammations as appears by the Chillness and Shivering which first seizes them in the beginning of those Diseases which soon are succeeded by burning Heats high-coloured Water and quick Pulse Eighthly A febrile Effervescence in a melancholic or vitriolic State of Blood is the Occasion of the following Diseases 1. Hot Pains and Windiness in the Stomach and Guts from a hot Windiness 2. Pains in the Spleen and Sides and Limbs from a windy Spirit 3. In the Nerves the windy Spirits produce Palpitations of the Heart want of Sleep Sinking of the Spirits and divers kind of Convulsions as Hysteric Fits Epilepsies and all the Inflations of the Nervous Parts in the Asthma Tympany Ephialtes Priapismus All which depend on a simple Ebullition of Humours The immediate Cause of the Asthma is the Constriction of the Trachaea or Bronchia which streightens the Passage of the Air and produces the Wheezing and the Vesiculae of the Lungs being also contracted a laborious Inspiration is necessary to force the Air into the Lungs There being no Tumour Inflammation or Pain in the respiratory Muscles they cannot occasion the Asthma but in pure convulsive Cases in which they often produce a Dyspnaea The Fit of the Asthma happens suddenly through the Effervescence of Blood occasioned by external Causes which separate the Lympha Lactea from the Blood and that stops in the swelled Glands of the Lungs and is at length evacuated into the Trachea In the spitting Asthma and in the Hysteric the Serum of the Blood seems to be forced into the Nerves by this Effervescence or into the Lymphatics of the Lungs where by Stagnation it may irritate the Fit Though the Water be pale and the Pulse low and the Extremities cold yet the Asthmatic Fever is evident for they have an inward Sense of Heat and great Restlessness of Spirits in the Fit Caelius Aurelianus observes in his Description of the Asthma the Ferver Igneus and a Color Morbidus though the Asthma is not always joyned with a Fever I have observed the Asthma frequently joyned with an Inflammation of the Lungs or intermitting Fever and at all other times with an Ephemera which appears by the general Lassitude Oppression of the Breast and Head want of Sleep Thirst and those Causes which excite an Ephemera produce the Asthma as extream Heat or Cold the Dog-Days Heat in which Wines are apt to ferment and whatsoever produces an inflammatory Disposition in the Blood produces the Asthma as high Diet strong Wines all hot Pectorals or Digestives or anti-Convulsive Medicines Steel or strong Purges hot Diaphoretics or Febrifuges which by exciting an Effervescence increase and produce the Asthma and cannot cure it But whatsoever cures the Ephemera cures also the Asthma Fit as Bleeding Clysters Opiates cool Pectorals with Ol. Sulphuris Sal Prunell Gas Sulphuris Milk-Waters thin Emulsions Ptysans For the Preventing a new Fit these Two Indications must be respected 1. To cure the mucilaginous serous and flatulent Cacochymia by Vomits Purgers and Digestives of specific Tastes contrary to the mentioned Cacochymia's as Alteratives or Diuretics or Sudorifics as Decoction of the Woods 2. To prevent the sudden Effervescence of the Blood by avoiding Fulness and Variety of Meats and all strong fermented Liquors which produce frequent Effervescences of our Humours and to remember Piso's Caution Parcissime Bibendum for after Drinking our Horses are most Asthmatic and for Avoiding the Watering of them we wet their Hay Those cool Febrifuges which cure the Effervescence in the Fit seem proper to prevent the Return but we must not always rely on the Cortex for that does not succeed so well in the Spitting as hysteric Asthma but in many Cases a Draught of fair Water with a Toast or a Draught of Pectoral Drink with Gas
moved This fermentation by which the Chyle and Blood are prepared may be depraved both ways for it may be depressed under its natural State or exalted above that degree which is suitable to the natural temper of any Animal of both which Errors and the Cachochymia's depending on them I shall next discourse But I shall first farther observe that though the Chyle is prepared by fermentation yet all other humours arising from it as the Serum and Blood and all the secretitious humours from each of them are prepared only by circulation and a longer digestion by mixture and secretion for by these they may acquire their peculiar Crases and Tastes by the ferment of the Stomach the various kinds of Meats are changed into the natural temper of each Animal and the lympha of the Stomach has most eminently the Specisic Taste of each Animal as will appear to any person who will taste it If the Chyle be rightly fermented all the humours arising from it are duly prepared but if the fermentation of that is vitiated all the other humours produced from vitiated Chyle retain a Tincture of its defect in their preparation Whatsoever ferments the Meat helps and raises the digestion of all other humours and therefore we need not enquire for any ferment or other digestives for the particular humours of Animals besides those which ferment the Chylaceous Mass All the conditions requisite to a fermentation are to be found only in the Stomach and its fermentation very clearly explained by comparing the digestion of the Stomach with Artificial fermentations of Vegetables for we first pound the Plant which is to be fermented and dilute it with Water in which some ferment is dissolved and afterwards it is to be placed in some warm place till it acquires a Vinous acid smell and then it is fit for the yielding a brisk inflammable Spirit After the same manner our Meat is chewed and swallowed into the Stomach and there mixed with the Saliva and the viscid slime of the Stomach which are its ferments The Stomach has a gentle digesting heat from the neighbouring viscera which are Sanguineous whose warmth digests the Meat into a pulp which smells sub-acid and foetid and that stimulating the Stomach excites its expulsion for if it should stay longer there it would become putrid but no more is requisite but the loosening the natural Texture of our Aliments and making the oyly acid parts and the viscid free to dissolve into an Alimentary Tincture which is only the juyces of Vegetables and Animals dissolved out of their fibrous Vessels and then they will as easily ferment as they did in the Plant or Animal in which they were first produced The capacity of the Stomach makes it fit for a fermenting Vessel and its Membranous substance makes it fit for the distention necessary upon a fermentation and its two Orifices are prepared for the letting forth of the rarefied Spirits in ructus or windiness the common effects of all fermented liquors CHAP. IV. Of the Depressed Fermentation of Humours in General WHen a slimy acerb or flatulent Chyle is produced and when from thence a watery serous Blood is digested we must acknowledge that both the Chyle and Blood have had too weak a fermentation and by that are ill prepared of which defect we usually observe these Causes First When the Meats we use have some vitious Quality which gives the same Tincture to the Chyle and that is not corrected by the Digestion as in Meats hardly fermented as those which have a tough consistence All Meats of a Watry Mucilaginous Acerb Viscous Oleous Acid Austere and Fat Taste and such as the Meat is in any eminent quality such is the Chyle and the state of Humours thence arising for we observe a Mucilage in crude Corn and those Green-sickness Girls who eat great quantities of Oat-Meal abound with an extraordinary quantity of crude Mucilaginous Chyle which oppresses their Stomachs and stusss their Lungs and gives a great Paleness to the whole habit of the body Not only the quality of our Diet depresses the fermentation in the Stomach but the quantity may be more than the ferment can concoct or suffice to dissolve and agitate so by frequent Debauches the Digestion is weakned and after too great a fulness the Stomach is oppressed and flatuosities produced in it Secondly The Preternatural state of the ferment which ought to be separated from the Chyle well circulated and exalted in the Blood by the Glands of the primae viae and to have the faetid Animal Spirits mixed with a Chylous Mucilage and Tartareous acid whilst it retains its healthful Constitution but it is altered from this state in a depressed fermentation 1. When the ferment of the Stomach is vapid or less impregnate with the faetid Animal Spirits when its consistence is too viscid or phlegmatick or its acidity too acerb or crude and less volatile 2. The Bile if it be insipid watery viscous depresses the fermentation of the Chylaceous Mass for by its bitterness and acrimony it ought to correct the acidities of it which are produced by the fermentation in the Stomach and by the same Tastes like bitter Plants in other Liquors help their depuration and fermentation and with the Acid unite into an Animal volatile Salt 3. These ill qualities of the Ferment and the Bile depend on a crude watery austere mucilaginous Blood derived from Parents or otherways produced for the ferment will retain the crude state and temper of the Humours from which it is derived 4. A remiss Circulation of the Blood ill digests and worse separates the ferment from it 5. Waterish Humours which ought to have been separated by other Glands being detained in the Blood they deprave and enervate the ferment which are also transmitted to the Stomach with it so by the suppression of the Menses or other Evacuations and especially by Fevers and a Catarrh the Stomachical ferment is vitiated 6. Great Evacuations which carry off the nutritious Humours weaken the ferment as Haemorrhagies which depauperate the Blood by Vomitings and Loosness which carry off the fermenting Mass Convulsive distempers and all Nervous effects which spend the Animal Spirits or divert them from the Stomach 7. Some of the six Non-Naturals alter the ferment as our Diet which is mentioned above and Idleness or want of Motion hinders the secretion of the ferment and distribution of the Chyle from which it is prepared Sleep causes the same Stagnation of Humours if immoderate Fear stops the Circulation of Blood and Secretion of the Humours Too much heat in the Summer time causes the Blood and Humours to evaporate their volatile parts which promote the Fermentation In a cold and moist Region the Ferment is too slimy and waterish Thirdly Digestion is vitiated by the Diseases of the Stomach when it wants its Rugosity the Meat descends undigested too soon or is vomited up when it is stopt by any Tumour Contraction or Compression about the
Epidemical Disease every Year should also occasion some particular Symptoms in the intermitting stationary Fever not unlike the Nature of the Epidemical Disease as if that were complicated with the Fever so we may observe that Rheumatisms have been frequent of late and all our Fevers have Rheumatic Stitches very much It seems very probable since the Plague visits us once in about Forty Years which depends on a putrid State of Humours that all the other Cacochymia's which produce the several different kinds of Fevers have also some kind of Revolution in which they return also and when it is mucilaginous the Fever is like a Quotidian when tartareous it has Cholical Symptoms when serous it is a Catarrhal Fever when flatulent a vertiginous Fever with Windiness in the primae viae and Running Pains but if the Cacochymia be Choleric a Tertian is produced if rancid oyly a scorbutic Fever if viscid Rheumatic Pains if vitriolic Quartans are produced These several Cacochymia's and their Epidemical Disease and stationary Fever both depending on the same may be observed every Year and by keeping an exact Account we shall in time find what Cacochymiae and Fevers succeed each other and in what periods we may expect their returns though it is probable we shall never discover the general Causes which introduce the several Cacochymia's upon which all Epidemical Diseases depend APPENDIX II. An Introductory Discourse to the Treatise of the Asthma containing an Explication of the old Notion of the Defluxions of Humours whereby the Asthma and divers other Chronical Diseases are produced ALL the Diseases which depend on a sudden preternatural Motion or Flux of Humours are produced either by an intermitting Fever or an Ephemera That most Diseases may be Symptoms of Fevers does sufficiently appear to a diligent Observer of the Phaenomena of Fevers and they are described in the Books of our Modern Writers The particular Cacochymia in our Humours cannot produce the Symptoms of Fevers without being rarified impelled or transmitted by Defluxion on some particular Part and the Occasion of this Flux the Ancients imputed to the Intemperies of some Parts which was the terminus à quo as the Head or Liver but the true Cause of the Defluxion is an Effervescence in the Blood and the terminus à quo is the Blood it self The Vessels through which the Flux is carried are the Veins Arteries Lymphatics and Nerves and several excretory Glands The terminus ad quem is the Part affected with sudden Pains as in Rheumatisms or in sudden Inflammations as in Pleurisies Quinsies Peripneumonia c. or sudden Evacuations of the serous nutritious Humours in Vomitings Diarrhaea's Coughs Sweats Diabetes c. or else by Haemorrhagies as Haemoptoe Fluxus Mensium and most of the Nervous Distempers like those of other Glands depend on the Admission or Propulsion of cacochymical Serum into the Nerves as in Apoplexies Lethargies Carus Epilepsies Convulsions Vertigo Asthma Palsies Tympanies All Tumours which rise suddenly depend on the Defluxion of Humours on that part in which they stagnate as Buboes Erysipela's Herpes c. All the preceeding Diseases are frequently the Symptoms of an intermitting Fever occasioned by the Fevers agitating or impelling a particular Cacochymia upon some Part. If this Cacochymia which disposed the Blood to that particular Symptom be evacuated or altered by the Fever none of those Symptoms remain but when the Fever is too soon suppressed those Symptoms become periodic chronical Diseases or at least Anniversary as appears in the Asthma Hemicrania and other Pains Inflammations Convulsions or Evacuations which have periodic Fits or at least return upon the Changes of the Year or when any external Causes or hot Medicines occasion an Effervescence in the Blood Then the Symptoms of the former Fever appear and the Cure of the Defluxions depending on a suppressed intermitting Fever is as followeth 1. We must evacuate the particular Cacochymia by Vomits and Purges and afterwards it is to be corrected by its particular Specific Tastes which must either raise or depress the natural Fermentation of Humours 2. The Disposition to a Fermentation must be stopt by a Febrifuge as the Cortex for that precipitates by its Stypticity and re-assimilates by its Bitterness the depraved Nutritious Serum which is the immediate Ferment of intermitting Fevers A simple Ebullition of Blood such as happens in Ephemera's is sufficient to produce many Defluxions of Humours in which there appears no Putrefaction of the Succus Nutritius as in putrid intermitting Fevers which we discern to be putrid by a Precipitation of a high-coloured thick Sediment in the Vrin which is of a Brick Colour like Blood calcined as Mr. Boyle observed and we call the Fever unputrid when the Vrin is always pale as in Ephemera's without the former Sediment When only an Ebullition happens in a cacochymical Blood the Mass is only agitated or rarefied in which is contained the serous salt Lympha the Chyle and its Lympha and the whole Succus Nutritius of an Animal This chylous or serous Mixture being lately fermented in the Stomach is of all the Mass most readily fermented or rarefied and again this serous nutritious Mass is more readily circulated into the Cutaneous or remotest Parts of the Body than that sanguineous or red Mass of the Blood or at least more easily secreted through the Glands and Lymphatics This is the more immediate subject of an Ephemera or rather an immediate Ferment or occasion of it when it is an irritated Ebullition by inward Causes as the Fulness or Acrimony of the Cacochymia or depend on the abuse of the Six Non-Naturals This nutritious Serum is not colliquated by the Fever as Authors affirm liquatur funditur for that is only the effect of a pestilential Putrefaction and the Serum by a violent Effervescence in an intermitting Fever becomes more viscid and thick which disposes it to precipitate and putrefie whereas in an Ephemera the gentle Heat can only occasion an Effervescence as to rarefie the nutritious Serum and drive it through the several Strainers of the Glands which are appointed for the several Cacochymia's with which it is saturated The Signs of these Chronical Defluxions depending on an Ephemera are pale Water like the Healthful at first a gentle Heat a general Lassitude such as is observed in wet Weather Heaviness in the Head and an Inclination to Sleep and great quantity of Water This Effervescence depends on the general Changes of the Year The Alteration of the Weather then produces irregular Fermentations in our Bloods as it does Ebullitions in Wines and all other fermented Liquors and also the Changes of the Weather at other times when Rains succeed fair Weather or the East or North Wind blows after warm Weather which causes the same Ebullition both in Wines and Blood for by these the Pressure of the Air is altered the Transpiration of our Bodies is stopt and the different degrees of Heat and Cold expand or check the Rarefaction
produces rheumatic Pains and all kinds of Inflammations as the Apthae or Inflammations of the Mouth the Quinsie Parotis or the Inflammation of the Glands the Inflammation of the Intestines or Stomach or Liver or Spleen Nephritis or Inflammation of the Kidnies Phrenitis or the Inflammation of the Brains Ophthalmia Peripneumonia Pleurisie Inflammation of the Breasts the Vterus or Stones Lethargies Apoplexies Palsies Rheumatisms and all hot Pains These are the Distempers attending Fevers when the Blood is sizie and that requires all the Methods proper for altering that as well as stopping the Fever Eighthly If the Fever happens in a salt Blood it has great Thirst attending of it and Haemorrhagies and runs into a tabid State In this Fever I observed a Haemorrhage to preceed every Fit of the intermitting Fever in Mr. Schrimsher of Aquilate who through an Aversion to the Cortex lost his Life in it and died Convulsed after divers Fits of the Fever with a Haemorrhage which returned at a certain Hour Ninthly If the intermitting Fever happens in a vitriolic State of Blood all the hypochondriac Symptoms are joyned with the Fever and the Fever appears under the Type of a Quartan The Cure of which requires Evacuating I. Of the vitriolic Humour in the Stomach by Vomiting and Purging off the same on the intermitting Days II. The vitriolic Humour must be corrected 1. By Bitters bitter Decoction Wormwood Wine Elix Proprietatis Myrrh with Treacle 2. By fixed Salts Extract Carduus with Salt of Wormwood Take Conserve of Hips Wormwood Enula Scurvy-Grass Citron Pills of each ℥ i. Saffron ℈ ij Sal Absynth ʒij Confectio Alcherm ℥ ss with Syrup of Citron make an Elect. 3. Chalybeates are absolutely necessary after the Fever is stopt to correct the vitriolic Humour and sometimes the Fever cannot be stopt till the Humour is corrected as I have often experienced in my younger Son who had the Quartan four Years by Relapses No Febrifuge could put off his Fit till he had used Steel fourteen Days or three Weeks and the Cortex could do him no Service nor would put off a Fit at last he having used at least a Pound of it by often repeating of it profuse Bleeding as 40 Ounces of Blood from a Child of Nine Years Old did more for the Cure of his Ague than all the Febrifuges for his Blood was extream viscid and Steel always cured his Cachexy I gave him Vitriolum Martis sometimes and Dr. Willis's Steel at others dissolved in a convenient Julep 4. The Earthy Calces as Antim Diap Bezoar Minerale with fixed Salts and volatile may be reduced into Pills with Extract of Gentian The Ashes of Oyster-shells are good to correct the vitriolic Humour III. The Paroxysm must be checked or stopt 1. By bitter Styptics as the Cortex The reason of its inefficacy in the Dose in which it was formerly given is the Mixing of the Chips of the Tree with the Bark and it is evident that the Bark exceeds the Taste of the Wood in all Trees and is of a stronger Virtue Let therefore the Apothecaries keep the Chips for Decoctions and use the Cortex only in Powder for they well know that the Cortex of Guaicum is stronger than the Wood. Lignum Colubrinum Ash Guaicum black Cherry-Tree are much oommended for Quartans as are also Myrtle-Leaves and Misletoe Five-Leaved-Grass Potentilla Avens Plantain-Roots are austere 2. By Acerbs as the Leaves of Ribwort Plantain boiled in Posset-Drink which cures some where the Cortex has failed Alum is very much used ℈ i. in bitter Decoction or with Nutmeg 3. Nauseous Bitters as Carduus Leavesʒss Alum ℈ i. taken in Ale before the Fit or Myrrhʒss in Wine or Treacleʒi before the Fit 4. By acrid Terebinthiuates as Roots of Asarum Valerian Serpentaria Decoction of Ivy-Wood and Savin applied to the Pulse with Salt 5. By other Acrids of the Orris Class as Zedoary Ginger Contrayerva or other acrid Aromatics as Pepper Radix Imperatoriaeʒi cum Vino Pepper 14 grains in Wine 6. Foetid Acrids as Rhue one handful Red Sage as much infused in Wine and given before the Fit A Nutmeg roasted in an Onion 7. Salso-Acids as Sal Absynth ℈ iss Sal Prunell ℈ ss Sacch Perl ℈ ij The Acerbs and bitter Styptics precipitate the depraved Succus Nutritius from the Blood the Acrids and Salts throw it off by Sweat and Vrin A Purge given six or eight Hours before the Fit evacuates the digested Succus and is successful after six or eight Months 8. Opiates stop the Pulse and all Fermentations 9. The Pericarpia are of Styptics as Bole Mastich Bursa and Astoris Knot-Grass Argentina Or Acids as Vinegar with Gun-Powder Or Caustics as Nettles Ranunculus black Soap Tenthly If the Fever happens in a Blood putrefied the several Sorts of Malignant Fevers are produced with a low Pulse feverish Symptoms Watching Delirium Convulsions and a sudden failing of the Spirits I. The Spirits being decayed fixed or oppressed or weakened by Evaporation become unfit to manage any extraordinary Fermentation for the Depurating of the Blood by an Effervescence from any of its depraved Succus Nutritius and in this Case all the Medicines against Malignity which are of the following Tastes are very necessary as 1. Volatile Salts and fixed Cineres Eufonum Salt of Vipers 2. Acrids Angelica Zedoary Imperatoria Petasitis Serpentaria Virginiana Contrayerva Aq. Ber. spec liberantis 3. Bitters decoct Amarum sine sena Mithridate or Treacles Syr. of Carduus Scordium Veronica Vervein or the Juyces or Extract of them 4. Foetids Camphire Garlic Castor Troches of Vipers Flesh Rhue 5. Mineral Sulph and Calces Antimon Diaph Bez. Miner Cinnab Antim 6. Acids Acetum Bezoardicum Syr. of Citrons Spirit of Vitriol 7. Salso-Acids made by Mixing contrary Salts II. The Second Species of a malignant Fever is from the Translation of the depraved Succus Nutritius upon the Head and Nerves in the intermitting Fever which requires all manner of Revulsion as Bleeding in the Neck Glysters Blisters Cataplasms to the Feet besides Diaphoretics Diuretics and Cordials to support the Spirits and the Fermentation III. The Third Species of a malignant Fever is from the Infection of the Air whose foetid Sulphurs cause divers degrees of Putrefactions in several parts of our Bloods and accordingly produce the several epidemical malignant or pestilential Fevers 1. In the petechial spotted Fever and the scarlet Fever or Measles the florid Particles of the Blood are corrupted or coagulated or putrefied and thrown into the Skin 2. In the Small-Pox not only the florid but also the viscid Particles of the Serum are coagulated and thrown into the Skin to putrefie and be expelled We observe in the Small-Pox a sizie Blood as well as a putrefactive State of Humours the Siziness makes it an inflammatory Fever and commonly requires Bleeding before and afterwards We keep a thin and low Diet both in respect of the Inflammation and Fever We use also Medicines against Malignity because of
of our Spirits by which our Bloods as well as all other fermented Liquors are agitated depurated digested or changed and on these external Causes the sudden Effervescence of our Humours immediately depends to which the Plenitude of Humours or their vitious qualities disorderly hot Diet too much Exercise Passions or other Accidents very much conduce which also produce Ephemera's Those Parts of the Body are most usually affected with the Flux of Humours through which vitious Humours ought to be evacuated or to which the vitiated Succus Nutritius can most easily circulate or where its Motion is most easily stopt or most frequently or the Tone of a Part vitiated by former Distempers Though the Occasion of the Effervescences on which the Defluxion depends be external for the most part yet there is an inward Disposition in the Blood to an Inflammation which makes the Blood apt to impell its cacochymical Humours upon some Part. The several Species of these Defluxions I will enumerate according to the Number of the several Cacochymia's which I have described in another Discourse of them and their Complication with Intermitting or Ephemera Fevers First If the Blood abounding with a pituitous Cacochymia effervesces as in an Ephemera it depurates its self from some of the Lacteal Lympha through the Glands of the Mouth or Lungs and by that Flux produces a Catarrh or much Coughing or Spitting which is always complicated either with an intermitting Fever or an Ephemera which resembles the Effervescence in Beer or Wine whereby they clear themselves of Barm or Lees. I have observed a Chin-Cough complicated with an intermitting Fever which was cured by the Cortex after general Evacuations If the pituitous Cacochymia be transmitted to the Stomach it produces Nauseousness want of Appetite a pituitous Diarrhaea and Cholics If it is evacuated into the Trachaea or stagnates in the Vesiculae of the Lungs it produces a Dyspnaea as in the Cachexies of Virgins in whom also it produces a Paleness in the Skin and frequently oedematous Tumours when the Pituita suffers a Flux according to the Notion of the Ancients that is when it is suddenly evacuated through the conglomerate Glands or impelled on some particular Part where it stagnates Secondly If an Ephemera be raised in a tartareous acid Constitution on a sudden corrosive Pains are produced on the Membranes with Fluxes of the Lacteal Lympha as in Pains of the Teeth and Head or else Gripes or Pains in the Stomach are produced When the Blood or Chyle and Lacteal Lympha are tinctured with an acid Cacochymia whose chief vehicle they be upon any accidental Effervescence the viscid Parts of the Serum or sanguineous Mass may be precipitated by their own Acidity like Milk which is very salt and turns into Posset by boiling and such kind of Coagulations seem to happen in Rheums Fluxes of Vrin Dysenteria alba or in scorbutic and melancholic Salivations or Sweats or Diarrhaea's Thirdly If an Ephemera be produced by any external Cause in a flatulent Cacochymia the Blood is tumultuously moved with sudden Effervescences and a crude or acid Windiness distends the Hypochondria as appears by a Ructus of the same Nature Wandring Pains may be observed in the Limbs Noise in the Ears Vertigo in the Head such are the Disorders which happen in Hypochondriac and Hysterical Persons upon the least Occasion which excites an Effervescence in their Bloods A remarkable Instance of Windiness complicated with an Effervescence may be observed in a Priapism which always happens by the Heat of the Bed by which the Flux of windy Spirits is made into the Penis for such Patients usually complain of Noise in their Ears of nubming Pains in the Hands and Arms in their Sleep and their Sides which goes off with a prickling and tingling Pain upon Waking and as the Erection subsides a Noise is heard in the Belly and Wind breaks forth in a Crepitus and a Deadness or Numbness remains in the Part as well as many other Parts of the Body Fourthly If the Serous Cacochymia be agitated by an Ephemera Tumours happen in the Limbs suddenly which are pure watery hydropical Tumours or else the Serum is suddenly evacuated into the Cavities of the Head Breast Belly Scrotum or Testicles of Women of which Cases are mentioned by the Ingenious Carolus Piso de Morbis à serosâ colluvie but he seems mistaken in this Description of the Serum as if it were only Aqua pura puta because the Serum contains the nutritious fibrous or caseous Parts of the Chyle as well as its watery Elements Piso mentions an Hydrocephalos which returned by Fits and that cannot but depend on an Effervescence in the Blood it was cured by him by Purges and a Lixivium to wash the Head He also relates a Case of Sleepiness with Pains on the Head depending on a serous Blood and that increased towards Night which was cured by an actual Cautery applied to the hinder part of the Head He mentions a Carus with a Fever depending on the Serum passing the Brain to which Children are most subject this was purged off the Ninth Day and he believes Nocturnal Convulsions to depend on the Serum impelled into the Nerves The conglobate Glands designed for the Passage of the Serum are frequently swelled by an Effervescence depurating or impelling the Serum and when the Vrin which ought to be transcolated from the Serum by the Kidnies is suppressed a Sleepiness seizes the Head or gripes the Belly from the Serum translated to that Part. The great Quantity of Serum is usually imputed either to the Quantity of serous Diet or the Retention of its Evacuation Fifthly An Ephemera in a bilious State of Blood occasions the Jaundices by a sudden Translation of the bilious Serum into the Skin or else it is evacuated into the Stomach in a Cholera or the Intestines in a Diarrhaea If the Serum be both viscid and bilious it produces an Erysipelas with a Fever Piso describes an Hemicrania which returns upon the Changes of the Year and Alterations of the Weather to wet with Vomiting of bilious Serum Inclination to Sleep and Convulsive Pains in the Belly and the Pains in the Head preceed those in the Belly the Pulse and Thirst shew the Fever and he concludes sudores sunt remedium Hemicraniae prophylacticum praecipuum seri evacuatione curatur An exquisite drying Diet and an Oxyrrhodine applied to the Head helps much Sixthly In a scorbutic salt Blood a simple Effervescence produces the scorbutic Spots or Blisters in the Skin which suddenly appear and subside again and all other scorbutic Pains depend on a sudden Effervescence which make the Vrin high-coloured In a salt Blood this simple Effervescence usually called an Ephemera produces divers Pains and Inflammations as the Tooth-Ach Ophthalmia Otalgia Gout nephritic Pains which usually happen in Autumn and a Fever usually goes along with all Pains which excite symptomatic Fevers and that is always