of Amputating or cutting off of putrid members in the mortified part I after considered with my self that I could not properly proceed therein except by the defining of a Gangrene in the first place because a Gangrene is ever the fore runner of a Sphacelus and the material cause of Amputation either in the general body of Man or in any the particular parts thereof and from the which no Animal creature no not Man himself can decline from Ab initio statutum est omnibus semel mori For from the beginning all men are constituted once to dye and yet there is an interim for each man of not being in health neither really dead but quafi moriens vel semi mortuus dying or half dying In the which iâ—terim or intermission of time a man may by an accident be said to be in such a distemper as he may be gangrenated or in a Gangrena as the Artist tearms it either in part or in all and yet by the permission of God and by the help of Art that supposed dying man or member of man may receive cure and be heaâ—d again although in mans judgment not well versed in the mystery of healing he be supposed to be at the gates of death Even so a Gangrene presaging a Sphacelus may in some cases be cured as daily experience sheweth that divers Gangrenes receive cure so that to conclude a man that hath a Gangrene in one or more parts of his body untill it be taken away that man is evâ—r as it were under the Shadow of Death Nam Mors sequitur ut umbra Death attendeth us as our shadow Thus much briefly by way of Preface touching the Gangrene A Treatise of Gangrena A Definition of a Gangrene and the several causes thereof A Gangrene in his progresse may justly be termed an effect destroying nature and therefore against nature it is a disease woful painful horrible and fearful to man-kind and justly so for that it often endeth in Sphacelus which is the destruction of the part affected if not of the whole body Causes The causes thereof are infinite for number but to speak in brief in one generall term for all how the dâ—sease commeth first to invade mâ—ns body it ever proceedeth ex intemperie which is of distemper ever by force invading nature this intemperies or distemper may be said generally two wayes to be taken either Externally or Internally Externally It may be tearmed external or from without as well when it proceedeth by externall violence of the ayr by thunder and lightning or otherwise by the mighty and immediate hand of God as it doth to many or by feavours violent contagious or pestilential as Anthrace the small Pox or the like whose secret causes with the reasons thereof are hidden in God and therefore â—y mans wisdome are not to be found out although some affirm the Conjunction or Opposition of the Planets have power or give cause hereunto according to the Poet Astra regunt homines sedregit Astra Dâ—us The Stars govern mans body and God governeth the starres or it proceedeth of outward violence namely sometime by mans hand his intention or invention as by great wounds whereof great hemorrage and so as by a just consequent a Gangerne followeth as also by a violent contusion given either by violence of weapons as by wounds made by Gun-shot Swords Speares knives c. And oftentimes by obstructions in the blood sometimes caused by stripes c. whereby fractures of bones distortions of joynts contusious inflammations Convulsions great and sudden fears and other distempers proceed among which great accidents Gangrena is to be feared will be one and not the least although it may be called one of the last and it may also happen by the fall of a house a tree any weighty thing yea by a tyle a stone by the bite of any venemous Beast of a Dog and innumerable other accidents according to Gods secret appointment or permission Nam Accidit in puncto quod non reparatur in anno That may happen in a moment that cannot be repaired in a year And further a distemper may fall out to be a disease of the similar parts deprived of their naturall and proper temperament this deprivation 1. What a distemper is Simple distemper Compound distemper is caused two wayes either by a simple distemper by reason of the excesse of one quality viz. of heat cold dry or moisture or by a compound distemper by reason of the extuberance or over bearing of the two qualities together hot and moist hot and dry cold and moist and cold and dry again a distemper is either a fault of the meer quality Phlogosis alone viz. an inflammation or it hath an adjuâ—ct fâ—ult of the humours as a Phlegmon again many times a Gangrene proceedeth Phlegmon from a surfeir or a distemper of fulnesse or inanition which may proceed Intemperies by starving or recessus of dew nutriment to satisfie nature A second definition of a Gangrene Second definition of the Gangrene A Gangrene is a beginning of putrefaction being a dreadful Symptome of a disease in any member of the body and sheweth it self for the most part by inflammation with great dolour the grieved How to know it part often appearing of a sad dusky reddish colour or livid though not alwaies and being for the most part tumifieed or swollen the pain being to the judgment of the Patient so intolerable as if there were a fire-coal burning therein or the like in effect and for that reason the German Writers call this by the violent heat of the disease the Heisbrant or the hot burning coal for in truth a Gangrene is of a burning sudden fierce destroying nature and therefore against nature being a disease dreadful to mankind as is said and justly so for that it menaceth to the part affected if not to the whole body eminent destruction yea death it self except speedy remedy by Gods mercy be at hand The causes of this disease as aforesaid are many for number whereof The causes of Gangrene I will set down but part viz. It may proceed either from great hemorrage mentioned that is exceeding effusion of blood and spirits or by a distemper of the four humours proceeding either by Repletion or Inanition Or by extream erosion or corrosion of caustick Medicines or corrosive humours By imbecillity of nature as by weaknesse of infants and old age by a venemous and poysoned blood as in contagious times and namely when the small Pox or Plague reigneth Small Pox or Plague may prâ—ducâ— Gangrena's causing sudden putrefaction of humours also it may proceed by great burnings and scaldings by over-much hunger and thirst by the pricking of a nerve or of nerves by a Feavour precedent by a Frost and also by extream cold by the bitings of venemous Beasts or Wormes or mad Dogs by want of good concoction or humours by obstructions of or from any
the principall members of the body as the Heart Brain or Liver causing Convulsions Palsies Dropsies Scorbutes or the like which oft-times termine in Gangrena and after a further time they conclude in Sphacelus Also Gangrenes proceed by great incâ—sed wounds and namely amongst other wounds contused wounds chiefly I mean those of Gunshot also sometimes by fractures and dislocations also by Fistulaes and inveterate Ulcers by unreasonable stripes as with a Buls Pisle or a thong cut from an Elephants skin much used for correction in Poland Hungary and the Turkish Dominions finally from all interceptions intersections or interruptions of the spirits what or wheresoever may produce a Gangrena De Gangrena A third Definition gathered from learned Authours The third Definition of Gangrena A Gangrene is a partial mortification of a member commonly by reason of a phlegmon it may be said to be partial in that the part affected so long as the member is not throughly dead but hath in it self still a sense and feeling of pain and therefore not altogether desperate although yet it be tending to mortification and so unlesse there be some sudden help in the staying thereof it will soon turn to a total and perfect mortification after which it may no more be tearmed a Gangrene but is called of the Grecians Sphacelus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because of the extinction of Sphacelus the natural heat therein and of the Latines it is called Sideratio Sideratio a totall and perfect putrefaction and moreover of the later Writers Esthiomenon in that it is so sudden piercing and penetrating unto Esthiomenon the bone and doth as it were overcome the whole man so as again it may be concluded that the difference between a Gangrene and Sphacelus as is said is a Gangrene is truly tearmed an unperfect Dif in Gang. Sphacel mortification in the fleshy parts onely but Sphacelus is a perfect and total privation of sense being a mortification not only of the fleshy parts but also of the nervous parts even unto the very bone yea and of the bone it self also The causes of a Gangrene Causx Gangr by some learned Writers are reduced to three the first is when as a member cannot receive the vital spirits proper or natural due to it from the heart by the Arteries by reason of a dissolution in the mixture or harmony of the member caused externally by extreame frigidity as sometimes it chanceth to be in a very cold and sharp Winter also by the inconsiderate and too too immoderate and rash refrigeration of a Phlegmon as also extreame calidity as by scalding Liquor or through some poysonous disposition in nature invested in the parts affected all or any of which do or may sufficiently extinguish the natural heat thereof if wholesome remedies in time be not applyed a Gangrene may justly be expected to follow Another cause is when as the vitall spirits in any member are obstructed suffocated and finally extinguished by reason of some obdurate schirrous hardnesse and constipation of the Veines arteries or pores of the skin as in venemous or pestilential Apostumes or Carbuncles is often seen so that little or none of the venemous matter conteined in the Apostume or venemous tumour can be digested or receive discussion nor be brought to suppuration by apt Medicines whereby Nature being above her strength oppressed and Art not sufficiently succouring a Gangrene is produced Another cause may be by extreame strong ligature through the indiscretion of unworthily termed Artists or of unexpert Artists as too often is manifest and sometimes by compressions or other interceptions of blood or spirits by which the vital spirits should be transported to the member grieved The signes of a Gangrene are these an extinction of the lively Sign of Gangr colour which was in the precedent Phlegmon grievous pain and continual pulsation in the diseased part apparent by the Arteries being at the first very sensible but afterwards declining their due force the part agrieved seeming for the most part in colour to be blackish blewish or of a duskie or livid colour yea sometime putrid and being opened a filthy Ichor and of an unsavoury smell proceeding from it Thus much of the signs Of the Cure of Gangrena Cure TO the performance of the cure of this disease there must be first a due consideration had of the cause Secondly of the part affected Thirdly of the fitting apt remedies for the Cure and how to proceed in the curing that disease and of the Symptomes thereof and lastly of the removing the cause which if that may be effected health doubtlesse will follow according to that Axiome of the Philosopher Ablaâ—a causa tollitur effectus but that must be expected in his due time in which there must be first considered What to be considered in the cure of a Gangrene Diet to be used for a Gangrene whether the disease proceed of repletion and if so then a general evacuation with a cooling and spare dyet must be prescribed the Patient Viz. Water with the milk of Almonds and thin brothes with cooling herbs as Lactuca Spinachia Portulaca Sorrâ—l or the like as also advising with the learned Physician where time and place serveth Barley waters also are good and the sick must be forbidden all wine and strong drink and must be contented with posset-drink Barley water and small Beer it were also fitting that there were prescribed to the patient some preparative medicaments as these Syrup Acetos Preparatives necessaâ—y Simp. Syrup Endiviae Syrup Citri Violar any of these mixed with waters as may be convenient in such a disease and after these preparatives may be used such purgatives as may purge and cleanse the blood viz. Confect Hamech Caria costrirum Diacatholicon Cassia fistula or some one of them being according to Art performed Phlebotomy usefull And if you perceive further occasion you may reiterate the use of any of them and further you may not omit the use of Phlebotomy scarrification and application of Ventoses Leeches or Vesicatories upon or nigh the part affected and according to the Patient his strength let him blood moderately and observe that in scarrification regard is to be had concerning the gangrenated part whether it penetrate or be superficial and so accordingly is scarrification to be used as for the application of Leeches it may be done upon any part thereto adjoyning or upon the part affected it self and further note that if a Gangrene follow a contusion for the most part it proceeds either by the vehemency of the contusion whereby eruption of the capillar veins yea and the larger veins also blood is forced into the Muscles confusedly as by the Echymosis may appear of the evil disposition of the Patient or it may also proceed for want of a Surgeon to apply fit and artificial applications in due time not seldome under favour by over-hard ligature But if the Gangrene appear to have
sit over the fume of Franckincense Manuall help or Amber with a chafing dish and a few coales in a close stoole is likewise very good this disease in our climate for the most part by skilful Physitians and Surgeons is well and speedily cured but in the Indies it is very hardly cured in so much that many have To sit 〈◊〉 died of it partly by the great wilfulnesse and disorder of the Patient and by your leave also by the ignorance of the Surgeon being a thing they had not been warned of before nor practised in and by not having good remedies and instruments fit at hand to give men help wherefore let young Artists have a care to these afore mentioned rules and medicines not scorning them A fume And among other needfull instruments for poore Sea-men in fluxes never be unfurnished in the ship of one or two close stooles with doores to them and Brasse pailes that poore miserable men in their weaknesse may be eased thereon and not to be constrained to goe to either the beak-head or shrouds as they term it for that not onely increaseth the disease but also causeth the falling down of the care to be bad Ano or Arse-gut a fearful accident except the Surgeon be very careful diligent and ready handed in which cases all nicenesse lazinesse and disdainfulnesse too much cleaving to some young men must be laid aside for the very omitting of his dutie in reducing the gut fallen A dangerous accident may easily be the death of the Patient whose bloud will cry to God for revenge Wherefore young Artists that professe to fear the Almightie ought to be compassionate to the meanest creature in this disease as they would others should do to them in the like case and not even otherwise Petrus Bayerius an ancient learned Writer alledging Galen in his second book de locis affectis defineth this disease as followeth It is saith he tearmed Dysenterium whereas varietie of substances are sent out with the excrement producing excoriation with dolour and pain as if somewhat were shaven from the small guts and that shaven saith Admonition to young Artists he proceedeth from the choler and turneth to ulceration of the guts and is compleat in two weeks or proceedeth of a glassie coloured substance and hath its termination in foure weeks or proceedeth of a Melancholy humour and is in perfection in forty daies first beginneth the fluxe then followeth the excoriation c. But to trouble the Reader much or my self with long definitions either of the causes or signes of this disease my leisure will not permit me and the rather will I not insist thereon for that in reading I find divers learned and reverend Writers that have entred into long discourses of the signes and causes of this grief prescribing divers methodical rules and yet Ambiguity impertinent they conclude of the cure of Dysentery for the most part of them with a kind of Emperical form of curing namely some reciting one some another medicine for the general cure of this disease many of them ending without any rational or methodical form at all which argueth in my opinion that it is impossible either to finde out all the causes thereof or to prescribe any one true form for the general cure of the same but the discreet Chirurgion must be armed with judgement in these following principles namely that if he perceive it to proceed by fulness of bloud or humours to seek the health of the Patient by sundry the most rational and fittest evacuations as namely Advise to the Artâ—st bleeding purging and slendernesse of diet then also to proceed to medicines which take away the acrimony and heale the inward parts then to those which are Anodine and doe cause rest A learned French Chirurgion named Guillemeau writing a Treatise of this Guillimeau his opinion disease in his conclusion saith as followeth The Empericall Medicaments which the methodical Physitians so disdain and esteem of little worth are those which we through our experience and through the diuturnal use of them have found to be most excellent which being used with judgement are not to be disdained seeing that Galen Ground of Arts. himself testifieth that the Physitian must be established on two foundations to wit reason and experience whereof reason is as it were the soul of the same which measureth and pondereth all things and experience the body as a provident Tutour and Schoolmaster Rubarb pray sed wherefore seeing that experience teacheth us that Rubarb in what manner soever we administer the same but especially the infusion thereof is very commodious and profitable in this disease as likewise is Spiritus Vitrioli with Rose-water and Plantane-water and also being administred with Cinamon water saith Guillemeau there is a sugarlike dulcor or sweetnesse extracted out of Lead which never deceived thehope of the right reverend Master Duion a very learned Physitian where of I have attained the best of these discourses the tincture of Coral and of yellow Amber extracted with Aqua vitae is in operation admirable also Crocus Martis or flos Surphur is being in season administred with the Conserves of Roses Marmalet Citron rindes Saccbaram Saâ—â—â—i with other such like things are very commodious because among natural things I know nothing exsiccateth more and opposeth it self more against all corruptions To conclude there are innumerable sorts of remedies which we must so compound that they may have one similitude or one Analogy with the disease finally we must in extream Dysentery for the last remedy indeavour tâ—â—â—itigate the pain with narcotical things as is the Oleum Jusquiâ—â—â— mandragorae the cold seeds the Philonium requies Nicolai and many other such like compositions which are unto this disease used and which may not be administred except great judgement and advise had thereon Thus much what people most subâ—ect tâ— this disease and where out of Guillimeau This disease chiefly afflicteth Souldiers in Warres and Sea-men in long Voyages and namely in hot countries chiefly when after short and hard allowances they shal happen on the sudden to get great store of raw fruit fresh meat flesh or fish or any other great change of pleasant diet in which cases reason and judgement as the principal helps are to be used as for instance this disease is incident much to such as change the place of their abode for a farre hotter or a far colder Countrey but chiefly into hotter witnesse the mortalitie through that disease which hath often befalne our Souldiers in the wars in France c. As also now at Bantham how much doth it afflict them that live there Moreover as is said if it proceed of repletion evacuation and thin diet is the mean to proceed in the beginning of the cure thereof if it proceed of an acrimonious fretting humor then one of your first helps must be a present purge if strength will bear it namely
well to incorporate which done and that they are mixed all in one and added to the former the Laudanum is readie onely if you could forbear your Medicine so long that it might afterwards stand in a small Alimbeck of glasse with a blinde head one moneth it would be much the better To compose this Opiate aright is bâ—rd to a Bungler This Medicine though it would put many that professe much knowledge in the Art of the Apothecarie to their trumps truely to prepare it yet to an artist which is a true preparer of Medicines it is plain and pleasant to be done and once done it is for his whole life a sure medicine and will do the work-master credit that useth it I have the rather explained this medicine for that so many grosse and dangerous compositions are daily hatched up and uttered abroad for currant under the name of Laudanum Paracelsi opiati to the extream hazard of the lives of very many and to the great prejudice of the Common-wealth from the danger whereof God deliver each honest Christian And for that the younger sort of Artists should not easily be deceived with false compositions though I confess it is Marks to discern the false from the true Laudanum not possible to espie some cunning deceits which may passe in farre plainer compositions then this is yet take these few notes following when you would buy it for remembrances First note that the medicine is fals if it be uneven I mean if it have any course or grosse thing in it so that it will not all clearly dissolve as a juice of Liquorice well made will Notes of the true Laudanum For this is an infallible rule extracts are the pure parts of things and will wholly dissolve or be dissolved Further note that if either honie or sugar be found in the medicine it is false Also if it be more liquid then the ordinarie bals of Liquorice made up in London it is false or foolishly made and will not keep Also if it retain the lothsome smell of Opium it is not to be trusted Also if it be not merely of one colour so that you see nothing of the ingredients appear at all it cannot be good For assure thy self this composition truely made must be smooth and well smelling of such an indifferent hardnesse that without additions you may roule it into pils and is not greatly ponderous or heavie but it is of an unpleasant taste I must tell thee and therefore I use to give it as I have said in a pill except necessitie by weaknesse of the Patient when he cannot swallow a pill urge the contrary or that I use it in outward griefs as to othache c. Iliaca Passio ILion or Iliaca Passio is a most painful disease proceeding from an A fearful viâ—â—â—ation obstruction of the small guts which suffering nothing to passe downwards causeth a great wringing and pain so that many which are oppressed with this disâ—ase do perish and die a very miserable death ending their dayes with their feces or their own excrements issuing out at their mouthes and it is many times noted for a disease infectious Iliaca and Colica differ in place This woful kind of belly-ache or Iliaca Passio differeth from the Collick in the situation in that it hath his place and being in the smal guts and the chollicke onely in the great guts so that a vomit sometimes giveth ease herein but glisters seldome or never give any help for that seldome any thing will be brought forth downwards though the glisters be never so strong but herein the help that is to be hoped for by glisters is farre better effected by the glister Siringe then by the glister bag for one may deliver it with that Instrument with as great force as you please Causes THe causes of this disease are almost one with the Chollick both which are obstructions in the small or great guts and proceed chiefly of three causes as saith Dominicâ—â— Lâ—â— namely 1 The drinesse of the ordure or excrements 2 Abscessus or a bâ—le or a botch in the guts 3 Thick and drie humours Also this disease sometimes commeth by distemperature of the aire being very cold also by a blow or bruise upon the gut â—lion the inward causes may be very many namely by drinking of poyson or cold water meats of hard digestion binding of the belly and such like Signes or tokens THe signes or tokens whereby this disease is known are as Galen affirmeth 7. Aphoris 19. is an intolerable pain and wringing in the upper part of the guts and no excrements descending downward Sometimes it moveth heavie and sore vomits so that the very feces are vomited upward of which disease or grief scarce any in that kind doe escape as Galen witnesseth lib. 6. cap. 2. I have seen the like in a A fearfull vomiting Rupture by reason of a part of the gut Ilion that was fallen through the Peritoneum into Scrotum that could not be reduced the sick vomited his excrements and died the second day Also much watching sometimes causeth great pain in the small guts or Ilion unrest strong Note Convulsions cold in the extream parts and if any feces be gotten forth of the fundament by any means they being put into water will swimme aloft Item if this grief come of poyson drunke then the Patient will suffer Tremor Cordis soundings debilitie of the faculties of the body and vomit doe commonly goe before the pangs and all these aforesaid signes are usually more vehement and stronger then in the Collick Prognostica VVHen the Iliack cometh with distilling or dropping of urine the partie dieth within seven daies Galen aphoris 44. except an Ague happen so that in the mean time sufficient quantitie of urine do come Item vomit the Hicket foolishnesse or idle convulsions are evilâ— signes Avicen upon the 7. aphor 10. A deadly sign The vomiting upward of the excrements deadly yet young folks escape in this disease sooner then old folks A good sign The Ilion where the pain doth change from place to place is of least danger because it dependeth or proceedeth of winde which is easily rosolved Another The breaking of winde upwards or downwards and stinking much is evil and deadly as also the excrements much stinking is the like Cure Promise nâ— cure IN the cure of this disease no Physician or Chirurgion respecting his credit will take upon him absolutely the cure thereof especially if the Scurvie be confirmed in the patient but with protestation of death if the Patient doe vomit the feces or excrements upward but if the Promise no cure Scurvie be not yet confirmed in the Patient then the cure of this disease differeth little from the cure of the Collick and may be indifferently used and is all one but that onely the stronger medicines and greater diligence is to be used in the Iliack then in the Collick which if
This disease preceedeth of divers causes and accidents both outwardly and inwardly Outwardly by cold coming accidentally to the hinder parts arsegut as the long sitting upon a cold stone upon iron a boord upon the cold ground or any hard thing whereby the Sphincture or round muscle compassing the straight gut is pressed or bruised It cometh also by intemperate heat and drought and corruptnesse of the ayre and weather sometimes by long bathing in cold water and sometimes by much using narcotial oyntments and such like Also inwardly this disease proceedeth of salt biting humours abounding throughout the whole body of man also by means of some hot or cold impostume or after a Dysentery or Flux whereas some cholerick matter remaineth behinde in the right-gut yet unevacuated And sometimes too happeneth here in our Countrey as some English Writers affirm by little drinking of Beer or Ale and sometimes it cometh by drinking Too much drinking of wine Nature of Tenasmus too much wine and by eating of costive meates and superabundance of choler adust This disease is of the nature or disposition of a Dysentery or Flux but that the Dysentery paineth the Patient with greivous tortions through all the guts but Tenasmus paineth the Patient usually in the right gut onely as appeareth by Galen in his third book De causis Symptomat And Trajanus in his sixth Chapter and Gal. de causis sympt lib. 3. Trajan cap. 8. lib. 6. The signs of Tenasmus eighth book who affirmeth the same saying Tenasmus recti inteâ—tini est effectus c. The signs and tokens of this disease are chiefly to be known by the Patients relation of the temperature of the body slender diet and egestions whether it be hard or costive or else thin or liquid The pain described In Tenasmus the pain doth not ascend so high as the navel but is chiefly felt with heat pricking and burning with a desire of emptying in the end of the sphincture the excrements being of a yellowish colour Another sign in young men like their starching now adayes but in old persons the excrements are of a more pituos slimie and bloodie substance If the disease proceed of an Impostume the Patient will feel a continual pain and the more augmented and grievous when he goeth to the stool Prognistica Tenasmus after a Dysentery is most hard to be cured Necessary observations Tenasmus in a woman with child causeth oftentimes abortion sobbing vexing or the hickoke and is very pernitious and betokeneth much drynesse Tenasmus long continuing bringeth the Collica and Iliaca Passio or Swoonding and diseases of the head Tenasmus is not numbred amongst long nor sharp diseases for that it is soon cured and if the Patient do eat and drink well there is no danger The cure How to cure Tenasmus proceeding from cold Tenasmus is cured by taking away the causes thereof from whence it doth proceed as if it come by outward cold then let there be applyed to the Ose pecken and hippes warm resolving fomentations and applications as bags of millium with salt being rosted or fried or sacks with bran sodden in wine or water and so applyed as hot as may be suffered and the fundament and parts anointed with oyles of Rew Lillies Bayes Vnguentum martiatum and such like Alexander in his sixth Chap. and eight book saith Tenasmus is cured with foments of Fenigreek and the roots of Altheae being boyled and injected into the belly and also the Patients hinder parts well suffumigated with the same decoction the Patient being compassed about close with clothes and so set over it and then the fundament afterward annointed with oyl of Roses fresh butter or goose grease with wax dissolved Bears and Capons grease and such like Item A fume of Frankencence and pitch being cast upon burning coales and the Patient set close over the fume helpeth presently Item To give present ease to that pain let two bags be filled with wheaten-bran and steeped in boyling vineger and the Patient to sit thereon so hot as may be suffered and to change them continually as the one cooleth to take another Note that in this disease of Tenasmus no cold things are to be applyed A special instruction in administring a glyster for Tenasmus at all Item such glysters as are used in this disease should not exceed half a pound and the glyster-pipe to be put into the gut not above two fingers bredth at the most in length within the gut Concerning exitus vel progressus vel procidentia Aâ—i in English the falling of the fundament THis disease for the most part is accidental to our Nation in hot countries and that chiefly after or in the time of a great flux of blood or humours although it is manifest it also happeneth in all Children more subject to this disease then old people countries and places both to young and old but chiefly to children upon divers several occasions which I list not here to amplifie having no intent to set out my work in painted phrases for I would onely arm the Chirurgions Mate how to proceed in the cure thereof at Sea and yet I know the same will take good effect also at land where that disease happeneth The Causes Causes of the falling of the fundament THe causes of this grief are too many to be named the sign thereof is manifest that it is a resolution or a relaxation of the muscles of those parts whereby the gut slippeth or slideth down lower then the natural place thereof namely out of the body The cure of this grief is for the most part short and likewise if the Patient at Sea be careful and go not out to the shrowds or Beak-head of the ship to stool neither in going force the expulsive vertue of his body over much it will not easily fall down again The Cure It is cured as followeth namely at the first going out use no other remedy then a warm soft clout and thy hands and gently return it into his due place and let the party after it is reduced sit on a hot board or have a very hot napkin doubled and applied to his fundament and another to his belly but whereas this disease for the The cure if it proceed of the fluxes of the belly most part proceedeth from the fluxes of the belly in such cases you must proceed to the cure of such fluxes of the belly and that effected you shall hear no more of this accident but if it usually fall out it is The cure if it useth often to fall down the more dangerous then you may proceed as followeth set the party over a close stoole and fume the place as warm as he can suffer it with a fume of Thus Mastick amber rosin or pitch or any one of these and being fumed well and very warm bestrew the gut fallen down with Album Gracum well powdered and fine for this is precious though
it Solo visu interficit hominem onely by his sight killeth mankind but faith he with a limitation as not simply done Actualiter per se per speciâ—m visibilem not by the act it self and visible species of the creature but by reason of the aqueous and humid substance thereof Moreover the body of the Creature being as the Author affirmeth very porous and hollow there are sent out of it such vapours as infect the ayr which infected ayr so soon as it is drawn into mans body it doth immediately kill him in like manner this Monster in mankind the Plague killeth those whom it breatheth upon so that no man can account himself safe the disease proceeding from the influence of the Heavens as many of the most learned Writers testifie it doth so that by their great distemperatures the ayr being poysoned and infected which we are enforced to receive into the secret closets of our bodies which undoubtedly hath its original De Praescientia Dei What safety have we then or what can be a more fearful enemy to mankind then l estilential Vapours which seize upon mankind as a Thief and invade him at unawares which lurk in every corner of the house yea in his most secret chambers threatning to take away his life when he least mistrusts yea when he is in his quiet sleep as is said such is this horrid disease from the which God of his infinite Mercy deliver us and our land Of the parts of Mans body that this Disease chiefly invadeth Of the parts of man most subject to infection The parts of the body of man that this Disease chiefly delighteth to invade or seize upon are the three principall and most noble parts of man viz the Animal vital and the natural faculties which have their Three parts especially several seats in the brain the heart and the liver upon one or all these principal parts this infection useth to take hold and being on entred therein as it were in a moment of time it surpriseth subjugateth captivateth yea and triumpheth over the whole body of man and over all the faculties thereof to his utter ruine and destruction if God be not the more merciful unto him in his preservation and howsoever as it is said that the disease chiefly doth seize upon the three principal parts of mans body aforenamed yet having first so done it feareth not to shew his subtil fury all over the body and sets its mark every where without order or control Whether the Plague may be called a Feaver or not There hath been much dispute amongst ancient Writers whether the Plague be a Fever or no by reason of the subtility and unequality thereof but for what I can gather by my experience I am out of doubt The Plague a Fever that he which hath the plague is not without a Fever neither is he ever freed from the danger of that Fever untill one or more then one Crisis happen for untill either Botch Carbuncle Blayne or Spots called pestities do manifest themselves no just indication can be had what will become of the patient but that he is alwayes in expectation of Death the distemper continuing But if upon production of any the former Symptomes a digestion in nature follow as is said namely the Feaver cease the sicke person take moderate rest a Botch come to good suppuratiâ—n a Carbuncle to separation or a Blayne to yeeld his usâ—al â—nindigested quitture Symtones of recovery with mitigation of the dolour or that the Blaynes drying and withering by Gods mercy through cordial Diaphoreticks or the like that a chearfulnesse in the sicke appeare or but some one of these good signes shewing it selfe in a favourable manner there is great hope and the fear is almost past And let no man so much flatter himselfe in his owne coneir in the time of contagion when he perceiveth the ayre to be manifestly infected the disease being popular as to think with himselfe that because the Disease perhaps at the first beginneth slowly and the distemper yet dull and not much outwardly apparent upon the patient that he hath no feaver nor danger and that he may take time till the next day to consider wheather he will use remedies or no let no wise man so presume for I have seene very many strucken even at the heart when the disease could not be adjudged dangerous neither by the pulse urine nor any other certaine indicateon save onely by the complaint of the patient who under favour in that disease is not alwayes sensible of his own danger and againe how many have at the very first an apparent fierce Feaver which can no way be removed but by some of the former wayes of digestion or by Death whereby it is manifest the Plague is never without a Feaver and so all men will adjudge it that either have had it or that have followed the cure thereof in others Of the supernatural causes of this Disease The first cause Six The material causes thereof as is already declared are in part and in the prime place esteemed to be our sinnes which draw Gods wrath upon us as witnesse the Prophet Amos where he saith Shall there be evill in a City and the Lord hath not done it c. Whereby we may justly gather that when the Almighty will shew him selfe in his fury against dust and ashes he can put the Hoast of Heaven in his order to fight against us in which case we have no way to escape his judgment but by Prayer or unfained Repentance and as for all other natural or efficient causes they have as their subordinated dependances and effects from the former and are constellated put on and put off by Divine Providence viz. ex Praescientia Dei By the fore-knowledge of God Nam astraregunt homines regit astra Deus As the Poets say and the very Heathens conclude no lesse that the starres govern mans body and God governs the starres and also experience tells us that when any of the foure seasons of the yeare prove unnatural mens bodies accordingly become unnatural as sometimes by pestilential diseases wherefore to multiply words further of the primitive causes of this disease were but to detract good time and the truth thereof is manifest to all men in that this furious disease as it were disdaines any generall Method or order of cure after mans intention as it is said when it is in Rage Quicquid facimus mortale genus Quicquid patimur venit ab altâ— Which may be thus Englished That whatsover man doth or whatsoever man suffereth all proceedeth from above Of the natural causes of the Plagues by the judgment of the most ancient and moderne Writers The terrestrial causes thereof are by common consent of most writers as followeth Venemous and stincking vapors arising from Fens The causes of the Plague standing ponds or pooles Ditches Lakes Dunghils Sinckes Channels Vaults or the like as also uncleane
Chest for although there may seem many particulars yet there wanteth at the least forty more that may not in true method be omitted in a due proportion as namely all the instruments for manual uses and operations all the most useful of which are expressed in an Index following the Preface in the beginning of the Book Place this Chest betwixt Fol. 26. and 27. AN ABRIDGMENT OF The vertues of certain EMPLAISTERS mentioned which are most usual in the SURGEONS Chest Emplastrum stipticum Paracelsi THis composition devised by the famous Philosophers Philippus Theophrastus and Paracelsus excelleth in the cure of piercing wounds and stabs as also in the cure of all dangerous wounds whatsoever it hath the precedence as well for contused as incised wounds for it asswageth pain defendeth from accidents discusseth mollifieth attracteth incarneth digesteth and consolidates and is also good for an old ach proceeding of a cold cause It is further especially good for ulcers on the leggs or elsewhere in any part of the body it is of temperament warm and very comfortable For approbation whereof you may see Paracelsus his own words which I have here inserted Hoc Emplastrum est magis vertutis divinae quam humanae Valet ad omnes plagas novas antiquas Abstergit mundificat carnem bonam generat consolidat ex fundo plus una septimana quam aliâ—d quodcunque in mense nec permittit fieri aliquam putrefactionem corruptionem nec malam carnem generat Valet omnibus nervis incisis ut conquassatis musculis Valet omnibus inflaturis abstrabit ferrum lignum plumbum de plaga eidem suppositum Valet contra omnes morsuras cujuscunque morsurae bestiae venenosae puncturas Serpentis maturat sanat omne generatum cujuscunque Apostumatis superpositum Valet in membris generationis si ibi fuerit corruptio Valet contra Cancrum fistulas contra ignem persicum sedat dolores cujuscunque plagae Haec Theophrast Bombast Diachilon magnum cum gummis THis Emplaister dissolveth maturateth and mollifieth hardnesses and is principally good in Apostumes it is of temperament warm and moist It was first devised by a certain Artist named Serapis Avicenna as some think invented it but others judge that Mesues was the inventor thereof Diachilon parvum THis Emplaister is very good to dissolve schirras tumours of the liver spleen reins belly or elsewhere it is wholly composed of mollifying and discussing ingredients it serveth generally for hot or cold causes but chiefly for hot For I hold it to be of temperament cold the rather by reason of the much Litharge in it which if a mineral may be called either hot or cold Litharge cold it is without question It was devised by Mesues Diacalcitheos THis Emplaster mitigateth pain it is a good defensative against all venemous humours and will very well induce a cicatrice in wounds and ulcers also it hath an especial good quality to asswage the pain in the small of the back proceeding from distempered kidnies by hot causes aswell concerning the stone and gravel as in the Gonorrea and dissolved or relented with oyl of roses or elders or of linseed it is a very good medicine to heal burnings and scaldings It was devised first by Galenus of temperament it is cooling and drying Empl. Oxicrâ—ceum THis is a very ancient composition but ascribed chiefly to Nicolaus an ancient Writer as Author thereof it is of quality anodine attracting mollifying and comforting asswageth pains in the gout proceeding of a cold cause and is good in cold Aches and by that attracting vertue it hath it draweth out vapors per por os cutis or the sweat vents in the skin whereby it often unladeth the body of vicious and noisome humors which otherwise might indanger the Patient of temperament it is hot and moist c. Empl. Melilotum per splen THis Emplaster mollifieth all hardnesse of the liver spleen and ventricle dissolveth windinesse ceaseth vehement pains provoked by wind as namely in the disease called flatus hypocrondriacus which is a flatuous or windy pain gathered near unto the Spleen it is also generally good against the gathering together of any congealed cold substance in the stomack or liver of temperament it is warm and comforting exceedingly It was devised by Meâ—ues an ancient writer Empl. Melilotum simplex THis is good in green wounds for it draweth and healeth well also â—t attracteth and bringeth forward a cold Apostume and is an especial secret and the best thing I ever knew in curing kybed heels and chilblains it is of temperament hot and moist and was devised by Mesues Emplastrum de lapide calaminari or Grisium THis Emplaster I may speak of my own experience is a good healer of ulcers which are hard to be cicatrized and hath an especial vertue in curing of buboes as well venereal as pestilential It is also the best incarnative of all the Plasters that ever I used Emplastrum de Minio THis Minium-plaster is a good discusser of hot humors a good swager of pains mollifieth well repelleth somewhat and is very commodiously used upon wounds and ulcers to further good healing it induceth also a good cicatrice In the tumour of scrâ—tum or rather of the Testicles called Hernia humoralis commonly following the sudden stopping of Gonorrae it is a very convenient anodine and discussing Plaster This Emplaster likewise is very good to asswage pain in any case where safely an anodine Emplaster is required as namely in contused or distorted joynts onely note that this Emplastrum de Minio is meant of the composition set down by that reverent Master Galle in his Dispensatory for I make mine according to his description Emplastrum calidum THis Emplastrum stomachi or calidum is a composition described by Johannes Jacobus Weckerus under that name pag. 953. of his Dispensatory it is onely used where a comforting Emplaster of a very warm temperament is required it is a needful Emplaster of a very warm temperament is required it is a needful Emplaster in the Surgeons Chest for it comforteth much the liver or stomack debilitated by cold humours and helpeth well digestion yet in want thereof Paracelsus Plaster though not so fitly may serve AN ABRIDGMENT OF The vertues of certain Unguents most usual in the SURGEONS Chest Vnguentum Basilicon THis unguent doth digest and incarn wounds and ulcers and will also prepare and bring to suppuration an Apostume either hot or cold being somewhat thick spread on towe or leather and applyed thereto it also mitigateth the pain and pulsation thereof and is likewise very fitly mixed either with praecipitate Unguentum Egyptiacum or the like medicine the more easily and better to mundifie and cleanse an ulcer this unguent is of temperament warm and it is ascribed to have been devised by Galen it is also good for burnings and scaldings Vnguentum Apostolorum THis unguent serveth well to cleanse and scowre ulcers and fistula's and to make a good ground to healing
of the several uses of the same medicine in divers parts of Chirurgery as well as in the opening of tumours but my hast calleth me to the next Wherefore at this time I crave pardon Sal Absinthii Geâ—â—â—ae Nitri VVHat my leisure hath not here permitted me to speak of them or any Salt else I have rehearsed in my Treatise general of Salt in their particular places to which I refer the friendly Reader The Index will guide him thereto Oleum Rosarum OYl of Roses is anodine and doth refrigerate and corroborate and therefore is good against hot diseases as Erysipelas Also with Mel Rosarum it is a good Balm for new wounds of the head and elsewhere and hath divers other worthy uses in Chirurgery Oleum Anetheninum OYl of Dill is anodine and comforting it concocteth crude tumors causeth sleep mitigateth the head-ach refresheth the wearied members strengtheneth the sinews discusseth wind is profitable for convulsions and asswageth aches easeth pains and hath many other good uses Oleum Chamomelinum OYl of Chamomil resolveth moderately and calefieth by anointing the parts grieved is good for the Collick stone wearinesse and for aches fevers and for all other things with the former It is also very convenient in Glisters for all gripings and tortians of the guts and yeeldeth great comfort to the intrails by the good odour and warmth thereof Oleum Lumbricorum OYl of Earth-worms helpeth the aches of the joynts in any part of the body and doth strengthen and comfort well the sinews weakned and pained and is good against convulsions and cramps it is also a good Balme for sinews wounded Oleum Liliorum OYl of Lilies doth moderately warm and resolve asswageth pain mollifieth hard tumours doth much mitigate the violence of diseases and is very effectual against pains of the breast and stomack and allayeth the inordinate heat of the reins and bladder Oleum Hipericonis simplex OYl of St. Johns wort simple is of a thin essence it is of temperament dry and anodine healing sinews pricked or wounded Also it is very profitable to them that have the Sciatica to anoint them against the swellings in the Temples Belly and Leggs through Melancholy and it is of very good use for cold aches and convulsions cramps burnings scaldings and good to cure new wounds Oleum Hipericonis compositum Oleum Aparici or Balme Artificial THese three several names of oyles or different medicines according to that Intend in the Surgeons Chest are but one and the same medicine A better balme then which to heal new wounds the Surgeons Mate need not desire to learn or know Some Writers call it by the name of Oleum Hipericonis cum gummis some Oleum Aparici some Balm Artificial The composition whereof with the rest shall follow It is best to be used in wounds as hot as the Patient can endure it and for the first time rather hotter It is a sure medicine for all venemous wounds all bitings of mad doggs or of venemous worms very hot applyed and the parts about anointed therewith warm remembring in all venemous griefs a Cordial is also requisite In my own practice it is almost all the unctious medicine I ever use for the curing of wounds and contusions and I never repented my self of the use thereof In piercing wounds and stabs it is a medicine a Surgeon may well relye on it will not disgrace him It is a very comfortable medicine against all pains aches and witherings of the outward limbs proceeding of cold causes using it warm with good friction and a plaister of Burgundy pitch spread on leather and applyed thereon or rather Empl. Stipticum Paracelsi I speak this of practice and I could say much more of my own experience touching the praise of this worthy medicine if time would serve but for this present accept of this abridgment Oleum Sambucinum OYle of Elder-flowers doth lenifie and purge the skin is good for the obstructions of the liver helpful for the joynts and nerves pained the parts grieved being anointed therewith given in glisters it procureth stools healeth the yellow Jaundise amendeth belly-ach and easeth the griping pains thereof Oleum Lini OYl of Linseed is anodine cureth convulsions mitigateth the hardnesse of the arteries muscles and nerves asswageth the pain of the Hemorrhoides and helpeth the unnatural clefts chaps and fissures of the fundament Oleum Ovorum OYl of Eggs clenseth the skin taketh away the filthinesse and all the sears thereof occasioned by cuts or bitings or at the least much diminisheth them so that they can hardly be seen it cureth burnings killeth ring-worms healeth excoriations and is prevalent against any ulcer chaps or ill matter arising out of the flesh either in the hands feet arms leggs or in any other part of the body Oleum Laurinum OYl of Bayes is a medicine calefying mollifying opening and discussing it doth much mitigate the Collick delivered into the body by glister it is a present remedy against cold griefs of the brain nerves arteries and loins the parts anointed therewith it represseth the violence of a fever the spina dorsi or region of the back bone anointed therwith it is good for the Palfie Sciatica the hardnesse and pains of the spleen and is much used as well to cure the scab and ring-worm as the Scurvy Oleum Absinthii OYl of wormwood doth calefie and corroborate especially the stomack raiseth an appetite concoeteth crude humours dissipateth and disperseth wind killeth worms and taketh away obstructions proceeding from a cold cause the parts grieved being anointed therewith and likewise it is good in glisters for the like occasions Oleum Papaverum OYl of Poppies cureth the intemperature of heat in the reins and fevers and procureth sleep being anointed on the nose temples or eares maketh lubrick and lenifieth the sharpnesse thereof Oleum Petreoli OYl of Peter is hot and dry and by the tenuity of the essence thereof doth penetrate and digest all excremental matter it is used with profit for the falling sicknesse palsie giddinesse of the head and is good for many other griefs arising from cold causes Oleum Scorpionum Oyl of Scorpions is of especial use to break the stone in the reins and bladder and Manardus commendeth it against the pestilence all contagion and fevers but chiefly in expelling poyson It is likewise good to asswage the pains of the back proceeding by distempered kidnies Oleum Amygdalarum dulcium Oyl of sweet Almonds doth lenifie the roughnesse of the breast and throat as also the hardnesse drinesse of the joynts is good against the consumption of the lungs it is also of good use to be drunk in the hectick fevers it stayeth the cough asswageth the heat of urine healeth ulcers by injection is very good in Colica or Iliaca Passio to be drunk and administred in glisters Oleum Amygdalarum amararum OYl of bitter Almonds doth open obstructions discusseth wind and vapours but chiefly it healeth deafnesse the hissing and pain of the ears
Argentum vivum It is of two kinds either natural which few know or artificial and then it is compounded of Quick-silver and Brimstone and so is that we buy in the shops Flores Anthos FLores Anthos or Rosemary flowers are hot and dry in the second degree comfort the brain heart and memory and other senses amend the speech help digestion mollifie cleanse and cut away flegme Flores Balaustiarum FLores Balaustiarum or flowers of Pomgranats are cold and dry in the third degree they are also astringent close up and stop they cure the bloody flix bleeding of green wounds they are good in lotions for moist and weak gums kill worms and fasten loose teeth Rosae rubrae ROse rubrae or Red-roses are cold and dry in the first degree refrigerate and are astringent they purge cholerick humours downward open strengthen and cleanse the liver from obstructions comfort the head stomack and heart help against consumptions and inflammations cause sleep and stop spitting of blood Flores chamomillae FLores chamomillae Camomile flowers are hot and dry in the first degree provoke the monthly termes and urine are good against windinesse the collick gravel stone aches fevers proceeding from obstructions cure wearied parts also they open loose mollifie the hard-swollen and stopt parts of the intrails Flores Melliloti FLores Milliloti or flowers of Mellilote are of a dry and hot quality digest consume dissolve and maturate prevail against all hot swellings provoke urine break the stone asswage the pain of the kidnies bladder and belly ripen flegm and clear the eye-sight Flores Centaurii FLores Centaurii or flowers of Centory are of a hot and dry complexion in the second degree purge choler and grosse humours downward open the obstructions of the liver kill worms cause the course of flowers are good against the Jaundice hardnesse of the spleen griefs of the sinewes clear the eyes heal wounds and drive forth young fruit Flores Hyperici FLores Hyperici or flowers of Saint Johns wort are hot and dry in the third degree break the stone provoke urine bring down womens flowers stop the laske drive away fevers are good for burnings and cure old and fistulated sores Flores Sambuci FLores Sambuci or flowers of Elders are hot and dry in the third degree open the belly purge slimy slegme and cholerick humours and are good for hot swellings and tumours and for the asswaging the pain of the gout Baccae Juniperi BAccae Juniperi or Juniper berries are hot in the third degree dry in the first and astringent are good for the stomack cough windinesse gripings of the belly venomous bitings infection contagion of the aire help the lungs liver kidnies and bladder and provoke urine Baccae Lauri BAccae Lauri or Bay-berries are hot and dry in the second degree they resist poyson help deafnesse contracted and wearied parts and the pain of the breast cut of flegme and take away the scurfe Farina Tritici FArina Tritici or Wheat flower is hot in the first degree stoppeth spitting of blood distillations of subtill humours helpeth the cough roughnesse of the sharp artery dissolveth tumours and cleanseth the face from lentils and spots appeaseth hunger and thirst and is the principal natural upholder of the life and health of man Farina Fabarum FArina fabarum or Bean meal is cold and moist dissolveth all swellings is very good for ulcers evils and blastings of the genitories and taketh away inflammations of womens paps Farina Hordei FArina Hordeacea or Barly meal is cold and dry in the first degree dissolveth hot and cold tumours digesteth softeneth and ripeneth hard swellings stoppeth the laske and humours falling into the joynts discusseth wind is good against the scurfe and leprofie and allaieth the inflammations of the Gouts Furfur Tritici FUrfur or Wheat bran is good against the scurfe itch and spreading scab dissolveth the beginnings of hot swellings doth slake and swage the hard swellings of womens breasts and the decoction thereof is singular good to cure the painful exulcerations in the intrails given by glisters as is montioned in the cure of Dysenteria Farina Volatilis FArina volatilis or Mill dust is used in compositions to stay fluxes of bleeding wounds Rosemary ROsemary is hot and dry in the second degree cureth the Jaundice and the Regius morbus or Kings-evil comforteth the brain memory and inward senses and restoreth the speech lost or broken Menthae MEnthae or Mints are hot and dry do profit the stomack appease the hickok stop vomiting cure chollerick passions griping pain of the belly and the inordinate course of menstruall issue ease women in their travel of child-bearing soften breasts swolne with milk and keep the milk from curdding therein Millilotus MEllilotus or Mellilote is hot and astringent it doth asswage and mollifie hot swellings of the eyes matrix fundament and genitories healeth the scurfe and putrified ulcers dissolveth apostumes of the stomack is good for the head-ach provoketh urine breaketh the stone helpeth the pain of the kidnies bladder and belly and taketh away the webbe and pearle of the eye Salvia SAlvia or Sage is hot and dry in the third degree and somewhat astringent stoppeth the bleeding of wounds and bloody flix openeth the stoppings of the liver cureth the cough breaketh the stone provoketh urine comforteth the heart asswageth the head-ach and pain in the side Thymum THymum or Thyme is hot and dry in the third degree is good to cleanse the breast ripen flgme and for the Asthma purgeth cholerick humours corrupt blood bringeth to women their natural terms expelleth the secondine provoke urine discusseth wind extenuateth cold swellings and helpeth the cure of the falling sicknesse Absinthium ABsinthium or Wormwood is hot in the first degree and dry in the third it is bitter sharp and astringent cleansing purging and comforting excellent to purge the stomack liver and reins from the cholerick humours and to stay the weak stomack from vomiting cureth the Jaundice resisteth pestilent infection helpeth the dropsie and splenetick and killeth worms in the body Carduus benedictus CArduus benedictus or the blessed Thistle is very bitter and hot comforteth the heart and vital parts moveth sweat resisteth poyson is of much use in pestilent diseases mitigateth the pain of the reins and sides killeth the worms of the belly and prevaileth against bitings of Serpents Melissa MElissa or Balm this herb is hot in the second and dry in the first degree doth bring down womens termes helpeth against venomâ— of scorpions spiders and dogs comforteth the head increaseth the memory and refresheth the vital faculties Sabina SAbina or Savin is hot and dry in the third degree provoketh urine with blood moveth the flowers driveth forth the secondine living and dead birth cureth ulcers and eating sores aud cleanseth the skin of lentils Radices Altheae RAdix altheae or Hollihock roots are hot and dry in the first degree they are profitable for the gravel stone bloody flix tooth-ach Sciatica and cough they cure new wounds
of maturation or no also by depressing the cutis a little with your finger When an Apostume will suppurâ—â—e Hâ—ppocrat cap. 2. lib. 47. Mark also out of the words of the Ancients to know when an Apostume will proceed to suppuration Hippocrates lib. 47. cap. 2. hath these words that whilest Pus is in making paines and feavers do afflict but Pus being made paines and feavers do decline And to Tagalt Instit confirm the former words Tagaltius in his Institutions cap. 3. hath these following verses Duritia longa pulsus dolor calor aucti Signant pus fieri sed facto dicta remissa Sub digito undans albescens pars acuta The fourth time of an Apostume The declination of Apostumes I cannot stand to amplifie but I refer you as before to Mr. Galles Institution of a Chirurgion as also to Johannes Vigo and other good writers for a more ample doctrine in that point onely note that when the tumour or apostume is ripe mine opinion is rather it be opened by a potential caustick medicine then by actual incision when it may be as conveniently effected and that for many good reasons and one sufficient reason in mine opinion is if you use incision you must needs put in tents dossels or the like with medicines to keep open the orifice and also to enlarge it which doing you stop the passage of natures true evacuation twixt each dressing offending the parts adjacent and hinder the unition of the disjoyned parts against conscience detracting good healing yea and thereby hazard divers evil accidents to follow as fistulaes c. from Caustick incision commended all which by caustick incision you are freed and fear not at all the application of a convenient potential caustick medicine in due time and place especially the impostume being ripe and the skin thin for you can pierce no further then thorow the cutis though you would for being onely thorow the skin the matter will choak your caustick or corrasive medicine neither doubt at all that your work shall succeed otherwise then well for nature will provide remedy speedily easily and safely to heal your patient provided you be also careful to use your endeavour with good warm medicines duly applyed and with also the use of good ligature which is one principall good help good diet and other reasonable means likewise had for I have ever observed in my practise that a hot tumour in any outward part of the body growing either by repletion obstruction fever or by the evil disposition of the bloud for the most part yea even in pestilential and venemous Fevers in good bodies not being pocky nor too too old are easily healed by any understanding Artist that can joyn reason and experience together many several wayes namely for one if you perceive a beginning or 〈◊〉 of humours together in any part of the body consider what might be the cause thereof as near as you can if you find it to be fulnesse of the body or costivenesse you have divers present remedies that way to flye unto Laxative Medicines fitting viz. at the first make the Patient a suppository then give him a glyster if need be and a Laxative medicine also according as you shall see cause regarding the quality and quantity of the humour abounding but remember where the body is costive you were best to begin as is said with a suppository first and that having caused one stoole proceed with a purge if you see further cause or a glyster for often onely one suppository doth what you require also good fomentations that may by the pores of the skin help to breathe some part of the matter will do well and so the rest by discussing and mollifying medicines the easier be cured If the grief begin in the head or throat you may use phlebotomy either under the tongue on the forehead or on the arm in the head vein or median vein but if you perceive that by emptying the body artificially and cooling the blood with convenient medicines as also answerable slender diet and opening a vein that the collected peccant humours will not be discussed nor put back then may you proceed to attraction and suppuration as you see cause for it were most grosse to seek to detain that which Nature hath resolved to cast forth wherefore if you see cause to bring forward any Apostume you may then consider by the quality thereof what course to take namely by attractive alterative or suppurative Medicines as touching attractive medicines good attractives at Sea to be had are Gum Elemni of it self spread on lether and 〈◊〉 applied and Galbanum also is very good provided it be dissolved in wine and not in vineger Mellilot plaister will well bring forward an Apostume hot or cold and helpeth suppuration Commonpitch is a good attractive Burgundy pitch is also good Of these the discreet Chirurgions Mate may use the fittest in his discretion and if he desire violent attraction of any slothful cold tumour let him set a large cupping glasse thereon Maturatives or alterative Medicines in the 〈◊〉 Chest and Ship to be had are very many yea more then I can call to mind at this time wherefore to be brief Emplastrum Diachylon cum Gummis I put for the principal for it is for that purpose only Paraâ—elsus Plaisters applyed thick spread the place first anointed with oyl of Lillies will do well But where time and place is convenient in my opinion a mean Cataplasme warm and thick applyed suppurateth best and easiest viz. make a decoction of Althaea roots or Line seeds and the cause being cold add Fenigreek a little to this decoction adde Bean or Barley meal oyl of Camomil Dill and Lillies of each a small quantity Dialthaea a little or Axungia porcina and apply it warm and shift it twice in 24 houres Or â„ž flowers of Camomil Mellilote and of Elders an a M. ss Wormwood M. ss Althaea roots bruised â„¥ ss make a decoction thereof in fair water a sufficient quantity adding of Bean meal or Barley meal M. j. and being boyled into a due form of a Cataplasme adde oyl of Camomil or Dill â„¥ iiij Axungia porcina â„¥ ij In want of some one of these flowers another for need will serve and if none of them were to be had yet there is many other meaner helps to bring forward an Apostume which time will not now permit me to rehearse When you have an intent to bring any tumour to suppuration you must neither purge nor bleed your Patient neither appoint him a thin dyet When you would an Apostume should go back if it be above the navil in the breast back or head then let your purging Medicines be such as purge downward onely but if it be below the navil or in the arms or legs vomitive Medicines do best except some especial hinderances as Asthma or the like And to those uses none are so effectual as those
the disease hath his beginning the more dangerous it may be adjudged By the complaint of the sick you shall know partly in what part of the body the disease is though not alwayes if the small guts be in the fault there is alwayes great pain about the navil but if it be in the gut Duodenum colon or rectum then the chief pain is in the lower parts of the belly according to their places The causes of the Flux with the signs of death This disease proceedeth sometimes by Apostumation of the small guts and then it is exceeding painful before it come to a Flux neither can any anodine glyster prevail at all to give ease till the full suppuration of the guts be perfected and that the Apostume be brâ—ken If this disease proceed from a former great obstruction either of the liver of the lungs or the speen there is small hope of life to be had Also when convulsions of the sinews singultas and vomitting or any one of these signs especially the two first appear then commonly death is at hand One learned Writer rehearsing Hippocrates for his Author saith that usually before death in this disease a black or blewish spot will appear behind the left ear of the sick which I also have seen observing it of late you shall find Plantane water to be a very good liquor to give any dry medicine in for the flux especially where there is any complaint of Plantane water and seeds and roots are very good for the flux heat or excoriation Plantane seeds are also good and so is a decoction of the roots of Plantane very good for that use or for glysters where it may be had The purging medicines which are called Diauretick or that provoke urine are also praised by Writers but I leave them to be done with great judgement onely if you use any medicine to cause urine the powder of yellow Amber is a sure one and without any manifest hot or offensive quality so is the powder of the Sea-horse peezel and the morse tooth of any of which if you give Ê’j for one dose you may safely do it but ℈ is sufficient at once Oyl of Terbinthine and of Amber are good diauâ—â—tick medicines and much more fotceable then the former but not so fit in this disease but rather good to drive gravel from the kidneys and serve well touching the The giving of vomits require great care and a good judgement cure of many cold and slothful diseases as the Dropsie Scurvy Lethargy and the like A vomitive medicine is not amiss in Fluxes whilst the party hath strength but the young Artist may easily make an error small in shew which notwithstanding may quickly cost a man his life wherefore if he attempt in such eases to cause vomit as one principle let him have care to the true dose of his medicines but first let us have good confideration whether it be convenient to use any such medicine or no for where easier medicines will cure never attempt greater but mistake me not I speak these things of love onely to children in Art and not to grave Artists from whom I would gladly learn my self Further I advise the younger Artists not to strive to stay a Flux as is said in a full body till nature be first unburthened partly by the disease and partly by medicines fit But as concerning Phlebotomy rehearsed as necessary in the cure of this disease do it not without great discretion and judgement for the Patient weakned formerly with so terrible a sicknesse and his spirits spent bleeding by a vein not advisedly done may suddenly overthrow and kill him yet again I must confesse that rule holdeth not generally CERTAIN SIGNES PROGNOstications and instructions which I hope will not be unprofitable for YOUTH concerning Fluxes The signs preceding the flux THe Signs of the disease are alwaies manifest of themselves the signs afore-running or demonstrating of the instant disease are these following Pain and torture of the intestines or ventricle Galen testifieth cap. 2. locorum affectorum in the very beginning of a Flux saith he sharp choler is sent forth wringings and as it were off-scouring or off-shavings of the intestines appear then after there followeth a little blood and then beginneth the disease Dysentery and by the relation of the Patient it will often appear if the pain be above or below the Navil A painful slow expulsion of the excrements of the belly with small fragments bloody and fatty do argue the higher intestines to be affected but if the grief be lower a pain below the The excrements in fragments and fat therewith Navil shall torment the Patient then you shall see much fatnesse with fragments and those fragments of the lower intestines will be more grosse and lesse mingled with the excrements A Dysentery slaying popularly and killing many may be adjudged contagious and is thought to follow a pestilential constitution and if in the times of a general infection by the disease Dysentery or Lientery a white Flux called Diarrhaea with Tenasmus appear in the Patient that party a little after shall be afflicted with the Dysentery The Ulcers of of the small intestines are more dangerous then the ulcers of the greater Difficulty of the intestines if it proceed from a black choler is held mortal Aph. 24. Sect. 4. Mortal signs in the Dysentery Long difficulties of the intestines hunger and wearinesse are evil signes and it is so much the worse if it be with a fever â—ph 3. Sect. 6. Every Flux especially if it be Dysenterial happening after a long sicknesse is mortal but chiefly if it be sudden because it argueth a sudden corruption of humours and great debility A Flux drawing to a languishing dropfie is mortal If in a Dysenteria a blew blew spot appear behind the ear the Patient shall dye The Fluxes that are from the beginning waterish and afterwards like an unguent are evil In all Fluxes of the belly and in all other diseases of weaknesse of the appetite inconstancy of the minde heavinesse in sleep imbecility of the legs a hoarse and barking voice a weak pulse beating often pains over the whole body chiefly about the belly blacknesse of the face or of a deadly or leady colour and coldnesse in all the extreme parts theseafore-said signs foretel evil but the signs contrary to these aforesaid are healthful The Hicket after an immoderate flux of the belly is mortal A good sign Belching following a Flux of the belly is good because it is a sign that nature hath received or again begun concoction A bad sign A flux of the belly which is not appeased by fit remedies is pernitious A pestilent flux of the belly beginning with lienteria Dearrheae or Tenasmus is worse in children then in ancient men as experience teacheth If that by the difficulty of the Intestines the excrements come forth like peeces of flesh it is a deadly sign Aph. 26.
with the Quick-silver which Quic-silver flieth up to the top of the helm or head of the Still together with the spirits of salt leaving the substance of the salt as also the Colcother in the The subtile quality of Quick-silver bottome of the glasse which is thereby said to be sublimed yet neverthelesse though it seem easily to be made let none attempt to make this medicine without good direction or experience for there is no small danger in the working thereof and yet it is a good medicine well used and hath much helped the Surgeon in the outward cures of desperate diseases as namely fistulaes and rebellious ulcers Of Precipitate How Precipitate is made PRecipitate is also Quick-silver distilled in Aqua fortis which by reason of the strong spirits contained in the violent and fierce vapors of the Aqua fortis or strong water it is coloured red or glistering or yellowish as experience sheweth the vapors proceeding from this kind of preparation are also dangerous and so are the medicines made therewith being often without due respect admiÌ„nistred yea â„¥ j. of Praecipitate one dosse often Pilâ— wise by Eâ—peâ—icks And again some others which would be esteemed more excellent for invention have this medicine a little removed And then they style it Turâ—â—th mineral attributing thereto the perfect cure of the Pox perswading themselves none can do like wonders to themselves but they are children in understanding and know iâ— not onely they are opinionated and The subtilty of Mercury bold and more often kill or spoil then heal as their consciences know for mercury is a fox and will be too crafty for fools yea and will oft leave them to their disgrace whâ—n they relying upon so uncertain a medicine promise health and in the stead of healing make their Patient worsethen before Of Sinabar Whereof Sinabrium is made and the use and abuse thereof SInabar which is used in fumes for the Pox is a deadly medicine made half of quick-silver and half of Brimstone by Art of fire I mean by distillation I know the abuse of these three recited medicines hath done unspeakable harm in the Common-wealth of England and daily doth more and more working the utter infamy and destruction of many an innocent man woman and child which I would my wits or diliÌ„gence knew to help for every horse-leech and bawd now upon each triâ—â—e will procure a Mercurial flux yea many a pitiful one whereby divers innocent people are dangerously deluded yea perpetually defamed and ruinated both of their good names goods healths and lives and that without remedy Me thinks I could spend much time if I had it even in setting down the good and bad things of quick-silver and yet I confess I am too weak to to describe the tenth part of his wonders In Laudem Mercurii OR IN PRAISE OF Quick-silver or Mercurie VVHereto shall I thy worth compare whose actions so admired are No medicine known is like to thee in strength in vertue and degree Thou to each Artist wise art found a secret rare ye safe and sound And valiantly thou plai'st thy part to cheerup many a doleful heart Yet makest thy patient seem like death with ugly 〈◊〉 with stinking breath But thou to health him soon restores although he have a thousand sores The perfect'st cure proceeds from thee for Pox for Gout for Leprosie For scabs for itch of any sort These cures with thee are but a sport Thou humors canst force to sublime and them throw down when thou seest time Yea from each end diseases flie when thou art prest thy force to try Sweat to provoke thou goest before and urine thou canst move good store To vomit for diversion best in purging down thou guid'st the rest Mans body dry thou canst humeckt performing it with respect And being too moyst thou mak'st it dry who can that secret cause descry Quid non men term thee wot's thou why thou canst be faithful yet wilt lye Thy temperament unequal strange is ever subject unto change For thou art moist all men may see and thou art dry in th' highest degree Thou' rt hot and cold even when thou please and at thy will giv'st pain in ease Yet thou hast faults for I dare say thou heal'st and kil'st men every day For which I will not thee excuse nor hold them wise that thee abuse But for my self I do protest as trusty friend within my brest Thy secrets rare most safe to hold esteeming them as finest gold And why thou art the Surgeons friend his work thou canst begin and end For tumours cure yea hot or cold thou art the best be it new or old For recent wounds who knoweth thee hath got a peerlesse mystery A Caustick thou art strong and sure what callous flesh can thee indure In maturation where 't is dew thou art the best I ever knew For repercussion thou win'st praise by dissolution thou giv'st ease What 's virulent thou do'st defie and sordid Ulcers dost descry Yea fistulaes profound and fell thou searchest out and curest well No ulcer can thy force indure for in digestion thou art sure Mundification comes from thee and incarnation thou hast free To sigillate thou do'st not fail and left strange symptoms should assail The grief late heal'd thou canst convay th' offending cause another way The Alchymist by Vulcan sought from volatile thee fixt t' have wrought But thou defiest his trumpery and changest him to beggery Had I but all thy healing Art it would so much advance my heart I should not doubt equal to be In wealth to Lords of high degree But from thy ve nemous vapours vile thy corrosive sting that bones defile Thy noysome savors full of pain God give me grace free to remain For when thou ragest Bird nor Tree nor fish nor fowl can withstand thee What mineral so stout can say she can withstand thy force one day In Saturns brest thou seem'st to dwell by Jupiter foyl thou dost excel Thou Lion-like surprisest Mars rich Sol thou mak'st as pale as ash Thou Venus beauty canst allay thou Hydrage dost Elipse Luna And though thou seem'st to wrong all six not one without thee can be fix Thou art their Mother so sayes Fame which gives them cause t' adore thy name Ready thou art as women be to help poor men in misery Humble to dust and ash at will water and oyl from thee men still Tost up and down in fire thou art yet subtil Mercurie plaies her part Meek as a Lamb manly cake soft as the Wool Tiger like Millions in one one in a Million Male and Female in thy pavillion Thou Hermaphrodite as Fathers know seeming solid truly not so Thou 'lt be in all none rests in thee thy boldnesse brings Calâ—mitie Thou Idoll of the Chymists old who shall thy secrets all unfold Swift is thy wing none can thee stay when thou seem'st dead thou' rt flown away If thou be in all things as men say daily
and pleasing to your Patients as much as in true Art may be and cram not the wound too full at any time especially Wounds incised for hindring unition of parts Also if you can conveniently come to the work inlarge not especially Inlarging of Wounds in contused wounds where danger may be feared otherwise doe it warily observing that you doe it not to thwart any member neither any Veine Artery Nerve or Muscle as neare as you can possible Gun-shot wounds over compound No wound of Gun-shot can be said to be a simple wound neither ever was there any Artist that could truely say that he healed any gun-shot wound by the first intention of Vnition without due suppuration no nor any contused wound whatsoever for the composition of Gun-shot wounds are ever real and very substantial witnesse the poore patient where Fibres Nerves Membranes Veines Arteries Bones quid non suffer together so that such wounds in their recency they resemble Vlcers rather then wounds and the differences of these from other contused wounds is That other contused Difference of contused wounds Wounds for the most part suffer but by way of contusion onely and these by contusion and dilaceration if not fraction of bones c. whereby all the whole member suffereth together and also the parts adjacent and that in a high degree If discolouring blistering or other apparent shewes of a Gangrena appeare give the patient a Diaphoreticke cordial then scarify gently at the first and deeply afterwards as cause shall urge and have ready a Lixivium made of water and ashes to the height of an ordinary Lee that women use to drive bucks with and put a reasonable quantity of common Salt into it and when it is cleared if you have hearbs as Scordium wormewood Centaury Hypericon Camomil Melilot or the like or Lupnies make use of them according to Art it will be much the better if not use it without and apply it very warme with stupes often shifted and wrung out and if that cannot be had use salt water for a fomentation very warm rather then want a medicine Aqua vitae is also precious in all Lixiviums against Gangrens but you must boyle the Aqua vitae without errour for the spirits will evaporate and the vertue resteth in them Observe in great lacerated wounds as followeth viz. If you find by the wound the one halfe of the member to be taken away there is no hope to save on the rest but you are rather to make present Amputation Iust cause of amputation especially if the patient upon information of his danger be willing for that the rest is contused and must therefore admit by consequent some losse of substance by suppuration ever in a contused wound and then the remaining part can doe no service to the body but will much indanger the life of the patient by the expence of blood and spirits in the striving to save it and be but a hindrance and I dare say that if but halfe any member be taken away with the fracture of the bone it is impossible to save the rest of it on to do any service If you have haemorrage I mean bleeding or furtive bleeding or weeping of veines or arteries in your worke search for the vein or artery that bleedeth or gleeteth and try if you can make ligature on it if you cannot make ligature which seldome or never you can in Gunshot wounds then apply to the end of the veine that weepeth an actual cautery a small one will serve but apply it like it selfe very hot and apply it not all over the wound onely to that veine if you can that bleedeth you may if the flux be not great use burning hot Egyptiacum upon a button of lint dipt and quickly and neatly brought to the place whilst it is hot and then well boulstred Actual Cautery But a small actual cautery is the safer and maketh better worke or the Surgeon may use restrictive powder adding thereto burnt Vitriol Restrictive Powder a little or burnt allum and precipitate mixed which maketh a strong eskar and often restraineth a great Flux being applied thereon artificially onely precipitate will surely make bones soul in contused wounds for which cause I affect it not To take heed of an old error But ever take heed to avoid the old received error of unwise practitioners whose use is to cram the wounds be they incised wounds or contused wounds as is said ful of bole or restringent powder or some other stuffe and then thrust in pledgents or dorsels into each corner of the wound yea sometimes forgetting to take all out at the next dressing yet think they have done all workman like and very artificially not considering the harm that often ensueth thereby I dare say that in contused wounds of Gunshot by such errors they force and draw a Gangrena if not death thereby by hindering natural unition by obstructing the parts and grieving the patient in keeping the woundded parts from healing It is a safe and fair way at the first dressing ever to strive to joyn together the parts of all recent wounds and unite the wounded parts if it may be with this caution to order that fit breathing be left to evacuate the peccant humours whereof there is small feare in lacerated wounds and then to apply apt and fitting astringent medicaments outwardly over all together with apt and due ligature and by that course to stay a fluxe but in contused and lacerated wounds of Gunshot the Surgion hath not that benefit but must trust to other helps not so ready namely as is said in the lesser wounds to very warme Balmes astringent defensatives and good ligature and in greater wounds to caustick medicaments Cauteries and forcible helps to repel fluxes c. But in the Surgeon his careful desire to restraine fluxes let him ever A Caveat beware of over hard ligature as much as is possible which is also a common dangerous error and certainely draweth on evill accidents as Plegmon Gangrena c. as daily experience telleth Likewise one the other side over-slack binding is also bad due comly and smooth ligature with the due composing the parts wounded with soft and smooth boulstring greatly honoreth the Artist and cureth the patient almost as much as the medicines doe Observe also that you put never one Caustick or Escarotick medicine after another too soone namely not until the first eskarre hath beene gone at the least three daies If in a contused wound of Gunshot any slough or putrid part as proceeding from the heads of the muskets arteries veines or the like appeare in a contused wound which needeth an Escaroticke medicine and the Surgeon doe desire to cleanse that part let him use an artificial Caustick medicine namely hot Egyptiacum or an actual Cautery if you can apply it onely in that place and not all over the wound for in truth the use of them is very good in
slaughter-houses of Beasts dead carkasses of men as in time of Warre and of stincking fish fowl or any thing that hath contained life and is putrid as also more particularly in great Cities as in London the unclean keeping of houses Lanes Allies and streets from those recited and the like infectious venemous vapors by warmth of the Sun exhaled are apt and able to infect the living bodies of men and thereby to produce the Plague which once produced is too apt by infection to spread it selfe The corruption of the Ayre a cause and become popular as experiene too much sheweth and as by corrupt meats and drinkes mens bodies are corrupted and infected even so by corrupt ayre as I have said which we can no way avoid to draw into the secretest parts of our bodies the spirits are likewise infected and poysoned to the production both of sicknesse and death if God be not the more merciful unto us for where the disease once beginneth there are many unhappy evils incident as causes conducing to Want of food a cause the increase thereof besides Vapors and one not of the least is it bringeth scarcity of food with it and that brings emptinesse of the belly and where emptinesse is there evill aire is not wanting and that aboundeth too much with the poorer sort and also where food is wanting all kinds of food how infectious or pernitious soever is used in necessity namely all raw fruits as plums peaches yea musty Corn and many things of far wilder condition and so by consequent lack of food is a great cause of the increase of the Plague so that in the Vâ—wholsome food a cause sicknesse time it is by experience dayly found that far more of the poorer fort usually have dyed then of the richer for where emptinesse and unwholsome food is in use as is repeated there the corrupt ayre doth the most harme And likewise genreally observe that where war is for the most part there is famine and those two conclude to make up a third evill namely the pestilence which God be praised we have bin long freed from the two first Thus much in brief of the Terrestrial causes of the Plague Of the precedent and accidentall signes of the Plague The precedent and accidential fignes notable in the Disease of the Plague are various and uncertaine because in truth they are seldome in any one person as in another but to speak as of the most general first appearance of the Plague it beginneth cold and with pain in the head and stomach and sometimes in the backe and if so then it is commonly taken for an Ague and therefore at first little feared Again some begin to complain of pain in the backe and such kinds of beginning are more generally hopeful of healing then when it beginneth hot in my opinion in some also it beginneth hot with pain and giddinesse of the head and pain in the stomach others at the first stroak or touch find a general discouragement and weaknesse over all the whole body others at the first being taken in the head their senses are stupified and dulled in others it beginneth with a raging and fierce fevour so that their countenance is changed their speech fayling or fainting their eyes strangely turning to and fro in a feareful manner Again others complaine of an extraordinary pain with extreame heat inward in the stomach and intrals when the outward parts are chil and cold and ready to shake again some in the beginning complain of great thirst others complain of shortnesse of breath and paine in breathing others swelling and sorenesse of their throats which being sought into no cause appeareth Others have the Almonds or Glandules of their throat much swelled and inflamed Also many are taken with great defire to sleep and with frequent yawnings and it is unsafe in my judgment to permit such to sleep before a Diaphoretick or sweating Medicine have by the patient bin taken and that it hath breathed out some of the venemous vapours by sweat with keeping them waking till the medicine have wrought his effect Others are subject to great watchfulnesse and commonly those are in their slumbers oppressed with grievous and fearful dreames and fantasies Others it beginneth with sweatings with pain of the back and a stinking of the breath and such are ever of very doubtful cure and in my opinion such have inward Carbuncles Others have swellings in the brest some also have losse of appetite evill digestion and faintnesse and some are troubled with deep hickcoks and hollow belchings Others from the beginning to the end of their sicknesse and till death have neither swelling sores nor spots also upon some at first there appeare diverse spots of a duskish colour their countenance of an unequal aspect the one cheek red the other pale Others with sweat drops on their noses a fierce countenance with grinding of the teeth And to be briefe touching signes and accidents in this most feareful disease I perswade my selfe that no man can speak of any No symptome of any disease but is incident to the infected of the Plague terrible symptome signe or indication of any disease whatsoever that hath befallen any man but that the like hath been seen and observed in some one person or more sick of the Plague for the fiercenesse thereof in some persons forceth Hemorrhage both from the greater and lesser veines and some it afflicteth with a Dissenteria Diarraea Lienteria all these from the belly and from the head it produceth Apoplexia Paralysis Lythergi Vertigo Mania with diverse other symptomes also from the throat Squinancia Angina c. Also obstructions of the bowels retention of Urine Colica and Iliaca Passio Singultus Gangrena Convulsions Contractions of Nerves and what not this fierce disease produceth to devoure poore mankind by and surely for that cause I am perswaded it is vulgarly called the sicknesse as comprehending and including all other sicknesse in it selfe Accidental signes which in this disease commonly presage death to the partie are these that follow Signes that presage death Namely when the Patient is possessed with sounding and faintings with cold and clammie sweats often changing of the countenance vomiting of slimie sharp and ill-coloured flegme either greenish yellowish blackish or bloud-coloured sanies or avoiding of Excrements disordered and discoloured either fattie blackish unctious or unnaturally stinking Convulsions Contractions of the Nerves graveling and pidling with the fingers plucking up the Bed-clothes a sudden flux of the belly of stinking matter of rustie or greenish colour a sudden going back of an Apostume Carbuncle or Bubo also when the Patient is insensible of the departure of his Urine and Excrements And yet to Gods glory I here affirme that notwithstanding the aforesaid signes or some one of them I have seene I say some one or more of the afore-named symptomes appear and that the sicke hath even in mans judgment bin as at the point of
the facility thereof and for the saving of blood and spirits I have thought fit to commend to your consideration this new method as to the discretion of the Artist shall be esteemed fit Also I have observed that in surfeited delicate bodies of great personages such as are over-pomper'd with pleasure ease and fulnesse if by any way or accidents such happen to have a Gangrene seldome one of them escapeth death especially if they be ancient and have the dropsie or Scorbute and on the contrary amongst those which are weak poor indigent and miserable people which have bin by long continued ulcers fistulaes or other grievous maladies spent to extream weaknesse although seeming half dead before the work begin scarce two of ten dye amongst them upon amputation if the work be judiciously and in a fit way and time performed for I by practice have often observed that where an infirmity hath pulled down a Patient low and almost past hope of recovery especially if the disease proceeded by any outward violence that such bodies have bin by my experience found to be generally most hopeful of recovery either by amputation in the one or the other kind as the occasion will most fittest bear and on the contrary persons that are to be dismembred in full strength if it be to be acted in the sound part bear a far greater venture of their lives then the miserable dejected wretches do as aforesaid except it can be effected in the putrid part And one observation more to be by all men had in regard namely that our God in Naturehath created in mans body such a strong antipathie betwixt the living and the dead parts thereof that when by any violence in Nature either by distemperature from within testified by Feavours Pestilential or others or by the outward violence of Engines of Warre or other incident mischances as by Fractures Contusions c. whereby one part or limb of mans body becommeth sphacelated and dead before the other it is manifest that the living parts do as it were either in fear or disdain of the dead parts or for some other secret cause in Nature though not without great pain and grief notably withdraw themselves each from the other as in disdain leaving neither warmth not at all any comfort motion nor sense either by blood or spirits or ought else moving in the dead Veines Nerves nor Arteries neither any sense in the Periostcon that sensible Panicle that covereth the bones but as by a comparison of a Snail may in part be explained they wholly withdraw themselves for the Snail having by the vertue of natural warmth stretched her self out of her shell either for her necessity nourishment or delight in a moment apprehending cold or danger retyres into her shell and with all her force by her own slime shuts her self close up again and so rests her self in a supposed safety with her no doubt content even so all the living instruments faculties or vessels of Nature as in a nauseous disdain contempt or fear of the dead parts forsake the sphacelated parts and leave them utterly desperate and impotent and by vertue of the Radical Balsam of Nature contracts and shrowds her relict living parts as Artists may judge by the mortified toes of children but much the better where Art is at hand to aid Nature so that thereby the dead parts become as a noysome and heavy burthen to the living parts so as if you wound the sphacelated part it is not onely senselesse but also it is without blood or spirits at all neither doth blood or humours run any more nor so much as move in the sphacelated or putrid Veines at all and whilest lively Nature is as aforesaid shutting her dead enemy out of her living doores by stopping up all the breaches that she may hold the relict of her own if animal Art have not the charity to take her dead enemy from her yet vital agility assisted by natural motion and will in his due time doth efficiate what fairly can be expected for the assisting of Nature and supplying all defects proceeding ex intemperie all which excellent offices in Nature no question proceed de praesciencia Dei Here followeth a brief relation of amputation or of dismembring in general but more particularly being for the taking off of members in the rotten or mortified places which haâ—h in many cases been approved by the Authour thereof by his own long experience FOr brevity sake in this place I will not spend time to write of the general diseases causes or reasons that might urge the amputation of any member having elsewhere written somewhat thereof onely my intent for the present is to aquaint the younger sort with my long experienced practice for the manner of dismembring in a mortified part where just cause is offered having undertakeen it meerly for the publique good by informing the younger sort of Surgeons as well for their incouragements in the safe and warrantable putting in practice my pactical Method therein as also to shew and fore warn them from being over-much mis-led in the insisting upon old errours and traditions of their Masters Patrons and Predecessours too punctually As for example A Chirurgical â—ase put betwixt two Surgeons Suppose the younger Surgeon in consultation with his Friend or Brother Surgeon by way of asking advice should put the case and say I have a Patient that hath the toes of his feet putrefied fistulated and many wayes perforated with foul bones therein so that it is unsound even almost to the joynts of the ankle or the like and I have endeavoured by Art and with advice the best I can to heal him and cannot prevail in the Cure Wherefore since the toes of the foot cannot be cured the rest of the foot as unprofitable were as I suppose best to be taken away and no lesse of the legge also for it will be but a hinderance to the Patient considering that he cannot stand thereon and is full of grievous pain I will therefore conclude according to custome to take all off a little below the Gartering place leaving a fit room for the stilt to rest the body upon The which his said friend admitteth of as good practice and so he proceedeth to the work as being a rational and fair course and warrantable If the rest of his suggestion or indications be answerable The Chirurgical case answered and admitted unto the aforesaid allegation the work is doubtlesse good and so I my self would heretofore have done untill my practice taught me better things but now by my own practice which I much rather would ground on then upon ipse dixit I take a shorter course For if the bones of the toes of the feet onely were foul fistulated c. as is suggested yea and therefore incurable for so stands the suggestion as being so by reason of some great contusion wound or ulcer or otherwise as aforesaid with divers fragments of foul bones in them or the
death waiteth at the dore The third pleadeth in this manner following and saith the former The third supposition answered supposition granted yet for my patient although his wounds received be desperate as formerly is suggested it would be held great rashnesse and unadvised cruelty in me if I should but offer to take off this member especially in the wounded part yeâ— or elsewhere at the least before it be brought to digestion wherefore I hold it my safest way to follow a rational method by joyning the parts fitting to be joyned as aforesaid and to proceed in the cure the which if by Art I could effect I should rejoyce though my patient were left with an unprofitable limb but if the hope of healing came short then I should hold it fit if it must be taken off to do it in a sound part and not in a putrid according to the now general practice in that kind which is warrantable But yet let the The resolution young Artist take this note from me that when he apparently seeth that a limb cannot be saved without amputation that whilest his patient is yet in strength as afore is expressed that he do his duty first to shew the patient his opinion grounded upon Art and good reason and if his patient give way to it then in the Name of God the sooner he taketh it off he better but if the patient do not approve of the motion good reasons tbeing given him the errour rests in him but if he consent to the work let him take it off in the wounded part although it be not wholly gangrenated circular regarding that memorable old verse Principiis obsta serò medicina paratur Quum mata per longas invaluere moras And further let the understanding Artist consider as followeth that if the bullet have taken away one full third part of a legge or arm in the circumference thereof with the breach of both the bones the great contusion and laceration considered with also the losse of blood and spirits thereby happening it may be feared justly that the limb although the party live will hardly or never be saved but howsoever it will be no way serviceable being done by a contused wound lacerated so that if ever it be healed the wound must come to suppuration and thereby to digestion so that by that reason some part more will be spent and lost by quitture and by consequent if by the part taken away the part contused so fall out that the half limb with the office and vigour thereof be lost or come away by the just course of Art in the healing scarce one often scape with life by reason of the pain and great expence of blood and spirits incident as is said and by reason of the long continuance of the griefe so that it falleth out that for the most part Nature is tyred out and the Patient dyeth in Marasmus or hecticke and such an end is more to be feared at Sea where want of fitting nourishment is then at Land So much I held fit to expresse of my experience and opinion for young Artists to ruminate on And now forward again to my yet unfinished scope of dismembring in the mortified part in the prosecution whereof let me as by the way yet again put the Reader in mind once more of the old document or phrase viz. That there is no general rule but may admit an exception even so in this case there are divers times places and causes Amputation in a mortâ—fied part in some casâ—s forbidden wherein amputation in a mortified part is utterly forbidden as namely the Patient being in a violent Feavour or in a Delirium for one case and yet even then neither is it wholly desperate and so to be utterly inhibited but onely during that paroxisme for if by Gods mercy through the help of the expert Surgeon or Physician the prefent fit I mean the Delirium be but removed and the Feavour taken away if there be any way to save the life of the Patient such amputation I mean in the mortified part is in my opinion the most safe easie and rational way being of all other the most likely way to preserve the life of the Patient for by that the Artist without pain or effusion of the blood may ipso facto remove impurum à puro the putrid from the sound and utterly alter the so much imagineâ— or suggested corrosion or venomous quality thereof so as justly it may be said then it is in this effected Causa ablata est ergo tollitur effectus the cause is taken away and therefore the effect ceaseth A second inhibition Another inhibition is when an amputation is to be done and there is no mortified place to do it in which in the most happeneth and then in such a case the Reader will grant the expert Surgeon is freely admitted to chuse his place so that he chuse it secundum Artem according to Art and so proceed and such occasions are very frequent as namely for one when the occasions of dismembring proceed from corrosive putrid or fistulous Ulcers in Joynts or by foul bones or by fractured bones or by dislocated bones or members distorted or otherwise by diseases incurable and unsufferable when and whereas no mortified place can fitting be found the Surgeon then must be left to take the convenientest whole place A third inhibition Another inhibition generally is when an occasion hapneth in a putrid body where Gangrenous and livid spots or otherwise discoloured spots happen here and there to and fro upon the body presaging a hidden and venomous humour or violence or otherwise deficiency in Nature from within him Gangrenes do proceed de abdita causa Naturae by occult causes in Nature or when a dissolution in the harmony of Nature manifestly appeareth to be at hand or when Pestilential or Carbunculous spots happen upon a Patient which many times mortifie even to the bone and yet such Pestilential Gangrenous spots after separate of themselves and the Patient liveth and is healed for that often in such cases the patients receive an ordinary Cure which my eyes have seen more then one so escape and cured in the Plague time and many other occasions may hinder such amputations which are not now in the apprehension of my memory to unfold Onely I desire that younger Artists would observe to hold the general rule in wounds made with Gun-shot formerly touched namely that they foresee where they cannot save a Limb to be serviceable that they with the approbation of the Patient and likewise by Advice for younger Artists in the cure of Gun-shot by amputation good advice they take it away in time whilest Nature is in her strength and if they have a fit mortified place then to do it there if possibly they can and the rather because there the work is in part done to their hand not regarding though the stump fall out somewhat too long for
it is of temperament hot and dry it was devised by Avicen named Apostolorum for that it consisteth of twelve several ingredients joyned into one body Vnguentum Aureum THis unguent serveth well to incarn wounds and ulcers being first well mundified it is also to be used as a balm to them to heal them and is a good healer of burnings and scaldings the fire first taken out The composition which I do make is of the practice of Josephus Querâ—itanus whose good use I have made trial of Vnguentum Egyptiacum THis unguent serveth to scowre it mundifieth all rotten foul ulcers and is best to be put into the grief scalding hot for then the usual pain and corrosion it procureth will be quickly past in like manner it is to be used in any venemous wounds made either with poysoned shot or bitten with mad dogs or any other venemous creature or great contused wounds wherein for preventing them from fear of a Gangreen it excelleth It serveth also well to be used alone or mixed with any lotion for ulcers of the mouth and throat especially in the scurvie This unguent drieth vehemently and is abstersive it is of temperament hot and dry and was devised by Mesues Vnguentum album Camphoratum THis unguent is very good to cool and heal any hot moist pustles it cureth excoriations of the skin in any place but chiefly in the yard betwixt glans and praeputium it also healeth burnings and scaldings very well and is good to be applyed to any painfull ulcer for it asswageth pain and healeth well It was invented by Avicen it is of temperament cold anodine mollificative and attractive and therefore of very good consequence in the Surgeons Chest Vnguentum Diapompholigos THis unguent is good to heal painful ulcers in any part of the body especially of the yard or betwixt glans and praeputium as also any fretting or painful ulcers of the leggs or elsewhere I have found it good before all other unguents in ulcers of the yard indeed against virulent painfull and corrosive ulcers scarce a better composition is known in Noli me tangere in the face I have had good experience of it and in many other occasions I have found it a very useful unguent of temperament it is cold and dry Nicolaus Alexandrinus was the Author of it Vnguentum Pectorale IT swageth the pains and stitches of the breast and sides easeth the cough helpeth expectoration as also to digest grosse humours and to attenuate them it warmeth and comforteth a cold stomack This composition is set down in the Dispensatory of Augustanus Vnguentum Rosatum THis is used against inflammations Ignem sacrum and all hot pains of the head it asswageth the pains of the liver kidnies and belly proceeding of heat and hath vertue to corroborate It was invented by Mesues Vnguentum Tripharmacon or Nutritum THis serveth well to cure an Erysipilas excoriation or bladderings of the skin such also as are termed the Shingles it is also good for to take the fire out of burnings and scaldings and for any moist humour flowing to any ulcers in any part of the body being spread upon cap-paper thin and laid over the whole distempered part also against any sleight scabbinesse or itching humour whence soever it is it â—â—â—an especial good defensative against any scalding or vicious humour flowing to any ulcer Of temperament this unguent is cold and dry it is subject to divide it self namely the Oyl Litharge and Vinegar asunder which if it be wrought together again will be as good as at the first and if it be over dry add vinegar and oyl thereto and it will be as good as ever Unguentum Populeum THis serveth well to asswage the pains of the Sourvy by anointing the parts grieved there with I may justly say upon the experience of divers skilful Surgeons and my own also that as well in hot as in cold countries it hath been found so exceeding comfortable and behoveful that scarce any composition of an Unguent in the Surgeons Chest may compare with it which some may think is a very absurd affirmation in reason but that experience will have it so It is good also to annoint the Temples to provoke rest in hot fevers as also the palms of the hands and soles of the feet It is likewise good to be applyed for swaging of pain in any part of the body and being applyed cold upon a Plegent where you have laid any corrosive it easeth the dolour of the caustick medicine Of temperament it is cold and moist it was devised by Nicolaus Mel Saponis MEl Saponis is honey and sope mixed ana partes aequales and is a medicine appointed to be first applyed upon a burning or scalding to take the fire out It is a linament of ancient use amongst our countrey Surgeons and good but I find it not mentioned in ancient Writers in want whereof use Tripharmacon or an infusion of Vinegar and Litharge namely â„ž Litharge of gold in powder â„¥ 4. wine Vinegar lib i. mix them well and boil them very gently a little on the fire and the Vinegar will become sweet as sugar and very anodine foment the grief therewith and you shall find present ease to the party Or take Populeum and unguentum album mixed and apply it on soft cap-paper first being well rubbed with your hand to make it so or take Diacalcithios or Minium plaster and mix it with Linseed-oyl or oyl of Elders till it be a gentle unguent and so apply it or Tripharmacon alone will do well also Honey alone is a good medicine Unguentum contra ignem THis composition used that purpose you shall find in Johannâ—s Weckerus his Dispensatory pag. 1174. I have found it very good against burnings and scaldings as also against burnings with Gunpowder Where I write the compositions of my medicines in general that also shall be expressed In want of this composition the Vng. album either alone or mixed with Tripharmacon will do very well which if it be too hard or dry you may mix oyl of Roses or Linseed with it and for want of this you may take Diacalcithios or Minium mixed or relented with any of the said oyles or any other fitting oyl as oyl olive simple also unguentum Basilicon is very good in burnings and scaldings Unguentum contra scorbutum THe composition of this Unguent is recited in the cure of the Scurvy I have had the practice thereof and found it very good to attenuate grosse tumors of the Scurvy to asswge the pains of them and by the use thereof to dissolve such tumors I use this Unguent in cold causes and in want thereof ung Martiatum or Oleum Laurini or Dialthea but in hot griefs and very painful I use Populeum Unguentum Dialthea compositum THis Unguent Nicolas an ancient writer seemeth to be the Author of It is profitable against pains of the breast proceeding of a cold cause and against the Pleurisie it warmeth mollifieth and
comforteth all the parts of the body which are evil disposed through cold infirmities it is also good against stiffnesse and pains of the joynts in the Scurvy Dialthea simplex THIs hath the properties of the former but the former is better Unguentum potabile THis unguent is a sure Balsame for wounds of any sort or in any part of the body either penetrating or not penetrating in wounds penetrating either inject it warm or pour it into the wound Also upon any occasion it is to be drunk Ê’ i. or ii at once or for a dose It healeth wounds within the body Also it healeth burnings and scaldings without any scar And further it cureth the wind-chollick drunk with sack the dose is to be â„¥ i. without â—ear but I give usually but one dram or Ê’ ii Vnguentum de Mercurio I Have else-where said and it is too much apparent that for healing and killing Mercury hath no fellow and where I recite Mercury in any of my instructions you must understand me Quick-silver for so it is truly stiled by the Learned and not without good reason This Unguent joyne with it what other ingredients you please yet if Mercury be one it will shew his valour in despight of the rest though it have 20. for one odds against it so puissant is that volatile and excellent spirit of his which I may boldly say could truly never be tamed and yet many worthy medicines are made thereof which in their several places I mean to explain as I shall have time God willing You may make this Unguent of Dialthea oleum Laurini ana lib. ss Mercurius vivus or quick-silver â„¥ ii oleum spice or Tereb If you have them ana â„¥ ss and if you see cause in very cold bodies you may add of Euphorbium in powder Ê’ ii This unguent is good to provoke a flux You may make it of one of these unguents alone for need But I wish not the Surgeon to carry any of this unguent ready made to the East-Indies for the Quicksilver it is to be feared will fall to the bottome but if he will needs have it ready made let him add to the composition wax a sufficient quantity but it must be made as followeth The wax and unguent must be melted together which being yet warm â„ž Terebinthinae clarae â„¥ i. being put into the bottome of the woodden bowle or brasse bason not a pewter bason and stirring it so long till all the Quick-silver be clean lost and turned into a blew salve no more to be seen then by little and little mix it with the former and being almost coagulated I mean almost clean cold neither liquid through heat nor altogether cold work the Terebinthinae with the Mercury altogether strongly till it be cold You must use it cold and neither let the Patient himself chafe it in till it be warm or which is better let the Patient stand before the fire and chafe it in But note he which anointeth other therewith if he use it too often let him put a bladder on his hands for the often use thereof causeth many evils This unguent hath as many vertues as vices and as many vices as vertues a whole week may be easily spent with good profit to the Reader in waiting of Mercury I heartily wish some learned and worthy man would take in hand truly to anatomize that subject I am perswaded yea and know well he might thereby save the lives of many an innocent soul who with great infamy perish through the inordinate use of this unguent notwithstanding the medicine is good But I refer the Surgeons Mate for the use of this unguent to Mr. Clowes his book of Surgery But concerning the ordinary uses thereof if you anoint the joynts therewith it killeth the itch but if you anoint too plentifully it provoketh a flux sometimes upward sometimes downward If you anoint the seams of his shirt which is lowsie therewith it driveth away all the lice the same it doth to the lice of the eye-browes and secret parts wherewith many are troubled Also for the pils it is a very good medicine I use it in that case first to purge the Patient and after to anoint him with Vnguentum album wherein Quick-silver is mixed namely of the unguentum â„¥ i. of MercuryÊ’ i. misce and anoint therewith daily three times and keep the place very warm Linamentum Arcei I Cannot but reverence the Author of this precious plain Linament whose desert is highly to be esteemed of by the Commonwealth for it is as sufficient a Balm for new wounds especially in the head as that a better can scarce be found out by art It doth all the intentions of healing a wound in the head meerly of it self the flux being stayed For it digesteth mundifieth incarneth and cicatrizeth it defendeth from accidents and is very anodine it may also fitly be applyed to painfull ulcers and fistula's upon occasion The Author or manifester of this Linament was Franciscus Arceus as is manifest by a small treatise of his translated by Mr. John Read a Surgeon It is of temperament hot and moist Vnguentum Aragon THis unguent is numbred amongst the four hot unguents It profiteth generally against all cold affects of the outward parts of the body it much warmeth and comforreth the sinewes it is good against convulsions and cramps it is good to anoint the ridg-bone of the back and the parts near the kidnies against the pains thereof and also to anoint the stomack and belly upon any cold grief it is good to anoint the body of them which have the quartane fever the falling sicknesse the pains of the joynts and also it is good to be used as a Morbus ointment according to the common phrase adding the due quantity of Mercury thereto which I account to be of Quick-silver â„¥ ii to the unguent lib. i. But I find it will not retain his vertues above one year as witnesseth Johannes Jacobus Weckerus wherefore I forbear this composition in the Surgeons Chest Vnguentum Martiatum THis unguent as it is composed of many ingredients so it is said to be effectual for many griefs for saith the Author it discusseth cold causes in the head sinewes and joynts it removeth pain from the breast and stomack proceeding from colds it prevaileth aganst convulsions it helpeth the resolution of the sinewes dead palsie and them that are troubled with the Sciatica or hip-gout the gout in the hands feet and other joynts of the body it mollifieth hard puscles and tumors in the flesh it asswageth the hard swellings of the liver and spleen easeth the pain in the small guts it cureth the ach in the reins It hath his name as Salaritanus saith of Martianus or as Maâ—lius which is more probable saith of Martiatus a most skilful Physician supposed to be the inventer thereof and it is described in the Dispensatory by Nicolaus Alexandrinus who also describeth the vertues thereof in effect as is here set down
unto God for his help and mercy and yet not to mistrust but to use all artificial means referring the successe to the Almighty Wherefore in this case I hold nothing better then a good purge of Rubarb and then to take three or four grains of Laudanum Paracelsi then after The cure of a flux through the contagion of the aire there may be given him one scruple of the best Treacle or Mithridate or London Treacle or meerly Laudanum alone You may give the party also a little Cinamon water or Aqua Theriaculis or Carduus water laying him to rest It were also to be confidered whether the body standeth in need of bleeding purging or a glyster but when as the disease proceeds from contagious and venomous aire and is fierce I hold it the safest course to forbear bleeding or purging for If the flux be fierce and sudden what to be done fear of drawing back the venome to the principal parts and rather to fly to Alexipharmacons or Preservatives as Venice Treacle Mithridate Diatesseron London Treacle or the like And presently after or immediately with it as is said give a dose of Laudanum which of it self is a perfect cordial and a good preservative Many learned writers are of opinion that this disease is infectious The flix through the aire is infectious and that the breath and excrements of the sick man may easily infect a sound man affirming also that from putrified and diseased bowels infections vapours do ascend and descend and partly the rather by a kind of sympathy our bodies have each with other but lest that opinion of mine uttered may perhaps offend the courage of young Artists Infection should not daunt Chirurgions called lawsully to the cure of any disease whatsoever whom I seek by all possible means to embolden let them take this rule from me in the fear of God I hold no disease infectious to me in that I have a lawful calling and I am therefore bound to visit the diseased which who so neglecteth God will find him out with that disease or a worse Now a word or two of such medicines as are belonging to the chest found in the ship or at the utmost may be found in the East-Indies or that are likely to be found there I intend to set forth some instructions for the Chirurgions Mate and first The cure of Dysentery at sea of Lientery note I have cured many both in Dysentery and Lientery with burned Harts-horn or in want hereof I have found that onely the hard bones of Beef or Pork calcined or meerly burned till they be white for so they must be and it may easily be done in any wood or coal-fire being not a fire of sea-coal and then being powdered fine and given continually in the ordinary drinks during the time of the sicknesse it helpeth much and you may assure your self that if you take much or little of it it can do no harm to be taken and with some few drops of Cynamon water if it may be had it is the better or a little Nutmeg and Cynamon in powder therein also I have givenit sometime with Rosasolis and fair water mixed of each two spoonfuls and Ê’j of the powder of bones Another secret which hath cured many of the flix â„ž Wheat flowre and thrust it veryclose together into an end ofa clout and so bind it up hard and close like a bullet and put it into boyling water and boil it three hours or more and you shall find it will be very dry and hard as chalk and powder it and give of this powder Ê’ij or more in any liquid substance fitting and it is a very good midicine for any flux of the belly either white or red this medicine hath been often proved and found sure at sea and land yet it helpeth the vertue of the medicine well if the vehicle or menstrum you give it in be also good namely if you give it with some liquid medicine proper to the grief also Crocus Martis ℈ i. given in red wine Aligant or French wine or with beer or water for a need adding certain drops of Cinamon water it is a very good medicine The same also is given with Venice Treacle or London Treacle or good Mithridate is likewise very good but to a weak person give it alone with Sugar it will please his tast better then with other strong medicines The cure if the disease proceed of worms But if you perceive the disease proceeds of worms as often it doth then give the patient a glyster of a decoction of Althea roots with a little worm-wood adding ColoquintidaÊ’ij where there is no great acrimonious A glyster pains in the guts but where there is great dolour in the guts rather put some Bay-berries namely Ê’ ss in your decoction which decoction you may alsomake meerly of the brain if you please and make it not too slimy I mean put not too much bran or roots therein then add if you have it of Aquilla Laxativa 12. grains Deer suet â„¥ ii or three ounces and give it stirring well the powder therein The means to kill worms this Aquilla Laxativa certainly will kill any worms and give present ease also almost all bitter things kill worms as Aloes Agaricum Coloquintida Worm-wood and the like but principally Aquilla Laxativa doth it sure and is safe to be given the dose by way of glyster is to 10. grains Mr. Edwards his medicine for the flux â„ž red-rose water ij spoons full Cinamon â„¥ ij Almonds of vallence â„¥ iiij unblanched the Cinamon is to be bruised and boiled in iij. pounds of water till ii pounds be consumed then reserve that decoction and add three pounds more of fair water to the former Cinamon and boil it as afore reserve both the waters together then beat or rather grind well your Almonds and being well ground and beaten add thereto some little quantity of the water mentioned grinding the Almonds therewith and again beat the said Almonds and so often beat and strain them with more of the said liquor or water till all the substance of them be in the decoction which will be in the form of an Almond milk then add rose water ij spoonfuls and as much sugar as to sweeten the said drink give the Patient thereof to drink so oft as he please Gluttony a cause of the Flux Let such as fear the flix not overgorge themselves for the evercharging straining of the stomack ofâ— bringeth this sicknesse chiefly when the body is weak as also if the food taken be crude or not well boyled or rosted and meerly fresh without any Salt Also the use of eating Tamarindes brought from Bantham if you use them overmuch by their acrimony may easily cause a flux although their vertues in preserving from the Scurvy are unreproveable and very good indeed The signs of the places affâ—cted with the Flux The higher towards the stomach
put in practise as preparing the humours by evacuation remission and resolution all which require some long time and therefore other meanes are first to be used to take away the paine or at least to mitigate the same with Anodines first Anodine medicines and the due application of convenient helps of warme and moist temperatures which not helping you must againe Necrotical medicines if need have recourse to Necroticall and Stupifying things which indeed are not to be used but in great extremities to give the patient some present ease Anodine medicines are to be adminstred so well inwardly as outwardly as first inwardly namely in glysters consisting of moist and fat substance as the decoction of Camomill Dill Linseed Mellilot Mallowes Hollihock Fenigreek Bayberies or some of these with one ounce of the new extract of Cassia and some suger with Linseed oyle and butter administred Outwardly these are to be applyed either Unctions Cataplasmes Fomentations Baths or some such like convenient medicines as time and place best fitteth But if these should not help then in great extremities you are to flie yet againe to Necroticall or stupifying medicines as namely Landanum Paracelsi which exceedeth all Necroticis or Philonium Romanum is also a good medicine these are onely to be used in causes proceeding of heat and never of cold causes for in cold causes that were rather to confirm the disease and yet in the judging whether the cause be hot or cold sometimes a good Artist deceives himself If the Collick come of winde then you must apply warm resolving medicines I mean dissolving and dispersing medicines Notes to be considered of by the Chirurgion in the beginning tf the Cure of the Collick FIrst whilst the meat is yet in the crude gut I mean before it be digested A caveat and turned into excrement no loosing medicines are to be administred but rather a small and spare dyet and in the beginning to begin with mollifying glysters and then afterwards to proceed with more sharp and stronger But before all things if the Patient have a full stomack and withal queasie after a glyster then a vomit is principally Glysters and vomits to be administred Secondly Repletion or overfulnesse as well as too much fasting is to be avoided Thirdly no Agarick is to be used in any of your medicines for the Collick because that cleaveth to the guts and most bringeth terrible pain and tortions yet Stokinus a learned Germane Writer doth Beware of Agaricum highly extol the same to be put in Glysters to give it present ease Fourthly you must by cordials have a care to preserve the Liver Heart and Head least they be hurt or offended by the vapours and A caveat over-much heat of the oyntments cataplasms and fomentations which are usually applyed to the parts agrieved Fifthly in the beginning over vehement warmings are to be avoided A second caveat especially if the Collick proceed of the dry feces for thereby they be the more dryed Sixthly cold water is to be avoided and not any waies to be permitted to be used to quench thirst withal but rather let the patient use some stewed prunes Julip of Violets conserves and such like or a barly water with a few drops of oyl of Vitriol and some licoras are good Specifical remedies Specifical things that cure the collick are very many as horse-dung drunk in wine hares-dung or hen-dung drunk in Oxicratium where such may be had Also the powder of Harts-horn corral cockel-shels burnt or swines hoofs burnt or Calcined till they be white and such like according to the diversity of the causes Further in the particular cures of this disease there are very many things observed by the learned Physitians according to the diversity of the causes which were too much to trouble the Chirurgions Mate withal at this present as the ayre dyet and divers other good helps to the cure of this grief which cannot be observed at sea onely fish and water-fouls are to be avoided as much as may be The Cure To cure the Collick which cometh by means of the feces remaining and being dried up which happeneth most commonly at the sea in long voyages and especially in hot countries there are three sundry intentions to be observed The first to mollifie the feces and supple the guts Secondly in Evacuating to discharge the belly Thirdly to remove or take away the cause of exsiccation or drying up of the feces or excrements The first is performed with glysters made of common oyl or butter with the decoction of Mallows Violets Beets c and by drinking oyl of sweet almonds or a decoction of Polypodium The second thing which doth bring forth the mollified feces or excrements is Cassia fistula or Manna or Diaphenicon or Hiera or sharp glysters The third intention curative if it could be attained to at Sea were to remove first the external causes of the disease as over-warm ayre over-salted dry meats and small quantity of food fasting watching melancholy and the like inwardly to help the weaknesse of the expulsive faculty with Treakle Mithridate Conserva rosarum or the like cordial helps helping also the expulsive faculty with glysters and such like good things For further inward remedies you may use the aforesaid glysters or half a drachme or Ê’j of Sulphur vivum drunk in warm wine and the belly well covered with warm clothes helpeth somewhat Item Carraway seeds made warm in wine but not boyled therein being drunk helpeth Item a glyster made of Sope and Honey is a present remedy Item a bag stuffed with bran and made very warm sprinkled a little with vineger and applyed to the belly is good Item Goats milk or other milk boyled with honey and applyed to the belly with a spunge or cloth warm in manner of a foment healeth the Collick and driveth away worms and ceaseth the pain Item the gall of a bullock Salgem Aloes common oyl ana partes equales mingle them and make an oyntment thereof wherewith annoint the fundament before the fire that looseth the belly and bringeth forth the hard feces Tenasmus The definition of Tenasmus TEnasmus or Tenasmus as Hippocrates calleth in his sixth Aphorisme and in the seventh book is a disease of extention or straining out of the right gut called intestinum rectum being oppilate or stopped and of some English writers it is called Costivenesse This disease as Galen saith in his second book De methodo medendi is when a man hath an extraordinary provocation lust or desire and a vehement straining to go to the stool but cannot void any thing at all except sometimes some small quantity of slymy matter which now and then is mixed with blood or a bloody substance and the extraordinary desire of emptying or going to the stool ceasing The causes of Tenasmus outward and inward Outward as Cold. Heat Drought A corrupt asire Bathing in cold wâ—ter Necrotical ointments Inwardly as salt humours