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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	admit_v	complaint_n	great_a	27	3	2.1090	3	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A14104	A shorte and pithie discourse, concerning the engendring, tokens, and effects of all earthquakes in generall particularly applyed and conferred with that most strange and terrible worke of the Lord in shaking the earth, not only within the citie of London, but also in most partes of all Englande: vvhich hapned vpon VVensday in Easter weeke last past, which was the sixt day of April, almost at sixe a clocke in the euening, in the yeare of our Lord God. 1580. Written by T.T. the 13. of April. 1580.	Twyne, Thomas, 1543-1613.	1580 (1580)	STC 24413; ESTC S118790	14,356	23

and daungerously brused is yet liuing and like to recouer who were both seruauntes in one house vnto Iohn Spurlinge a shoomaker dwellinge in S. Botulphes parish without Aldersgate nigh London 30. Now perhaps some would expect at my handes that I should set down my iudgement farther concerning the efficient causes also the consequents of this Earthquake by the position of the Heauens and aspectes of the Planets and fixed Starres for that presente time which now I must needes omit for breuitie sake till some other time more conuenient And if likewise I were farther demaunded what mine opinion is concerninge this Earthquake whither I thinke it altogeather naturall or not Surely I am otherwise perswaded and so I iudge many other to bée that haue entred into y e déepe consideration therof But let it bee as it is surely it cannot bée without y e speciall finger of God whither it bée for our comforte or terrour as euery mans conscience shal beare him recorde although I am sure there bée none that can excuse them selues of sinne 31. But whether the Angell of the Lorde in passinge by vs in visitation hath shaken our habitations with his presence as some haue reuerently iudged or in respect of the ripenesse of our sinnes our most mercifull God hath caused the earth to tremble to the intente to mooue vs to repentaunce as it may well bee coniectured Let vs not stay I béeséeche you in the bowels of his deare Sonne Jesus Christ euery one to powre out his complaint béefore the fountaine of mercy and to call vpon him to turne from vs those plagues of Pestilence Sword Famine which by such quakinges are euermore foreshewed and our sinnes doo woorthily deserue For to admit that it procéeded but of a méere naturall cause so great and so many are the poysons corruptions cankers and rustes of mettalles and minerall bodies within the earth that the venomous aire that issueth forth from them by the eruption of the exhalation in an Earthquake is of sufficient force without the speciall prouidence of God to the contrary to infect and suffocate both Man Beast and Foule immediatly 32. But shall wée now againe coniecture somewhat vnto our owne comforte and not altogeather vnprobably Since at all times these one and twentie yeares and vpward duringe the raigne of our most deere and dread Soueraigne and most gratious Queene Elizabeth the Gospell hath béene sincerely and truely preached vnto vs and that now duringe this time of Lente last past and since Easter not only in her Maiesties Courte but also in her emperiall Cittie of London as also in all other places of her dominions most choice men for godlines and learninge haue béene appointed to sow the séede of life and to open the way vnto the kingdome of Heauen what if in token of consent good liking and conclusion of that which hath béene so manifoldly spoken the Lorde would vouchsafe to giue a nod with his head wherat as the holy Ghost speaketh by the mouth of the Prophet Dauid All the earth doth shake and the hilles doo smoake and the whole frame of the world is mooued 33. Neuerthelesse if the giltinesse of our owne consciences cannot so content vs but that as rightly we ought we be put in minde of most iust punishment for our offences doubtlesse I am most enclined vnto that persuasion which with al my hart I wish wée al followed that with spéed And herein I pray you let no man flatter or falsely persuade himself with a natural cause or with the mischance of two poore childrens death for that shall not serue when the time cōmeth For was their death casuall thinke you I know it was not since there falleth not a poore Sparrow to the earth without y e prouidēce of God Or were they the greatest sinners in y e cōpany God knoweth their yeares may somewhat answere for thē I think they were not more than they vpon whom the Towre fell in Siloa But surely if wee repent not wee shall all likewise perish 34. The iudgement if wee perceiue it is already begun at y e house of God what fauour then shall others looke for If it haue ha●ned thus in the gréen trée what shal become of the drie Good brethren let vs looke to this geare y t the Lords mightie hand light not vpon vs vnlooked for The Axe is not only set to the roote of the tree but it hath now hewen many strokes and some of the branches are fallen alreadie The Lorde is comming in maiestie to iudge the Earth and to auenge himselfe vpon his enemies and doubtlesse hée is not far of Our strange and hot and drie tokens séene of late time as the wonderfull blazinge Starre and the rare exhalations shew that hée w●l come shortly to consume all with fire But how vnprouided hée shall finde vs the sodaine comminge vpon vs of this Earthquake doth declare 35. Now I beseech you againe let euery man call himselfe to an accompt and looke narrowly into his owne life Let the Blasphemer cease to abuse the Lords name and power to his damnation Let the Adulterer leaue of and sinne no more Let the Usurer take heede how hee can answere the Lorde for his Brothers hurte Let the Murtherer remember that Abels bloud crieth for vengeaunce Let the malicious man know that the Lorde searcheth the harte and reynes Let the Glutton learne that the holy Ghost forbiddeth him to make his belly his God Let the Drunckard begin to abhorre the daunger and abomination of intemperance Let the couetous person perceiue that the rust of his money shall consume his fleshe Let the hollow harted Christian and subiect vnto God and his Prince vnderstand that as the hollownesse was the cause of the shakinge of the Earth euen so for his false and hollow hartes sake the Lorde will shake him from out his beloued flocke of Israell and cast him into that wofull place where hée shal receiue his reward with Dissemblers and Hipocrites and with Traytours and Atheistes togeather with their great Maisters Iudas and Iulian that lye perpetually tormented in vnquenchable Hell fire 36. And last of all let the worldly man consider what certentie he hath in his ritches or assurance in any thing vpon the earth when as euen that also is subiect to shakinge and mouing wheron hee reposeth his felicitie And although the witte of man haue deuised remedies against the threatninges of Heauen yet when the earth quaketh where shall hee repose himselfe in safety Augustus Caesar had a Denne made vnder the ground to shrowd himselfe in from the rage of thunder which remaineth yet to bée séene nigh Rome But indeede there is no fléeinge from the face of the Lorde who as the holy Psalmist sayeth where euer wee goe to hide our selues is present with vs whether wee ascend into Heauen or goe downe into Hell or take the winges of the morning or

is hearde a noyse lyke the working of the Sea a farre of whiche neuerthelesse doth not alwaies importe an Earthquake for that peraduenture the Exhalation is not sufficient in quantitie or qualytie to shake the earth but onely it belloweth or barketh at the departure as a Gun being discharged giueth the bygger or lesser crack according to the quantitie or ramminge more or lesse of the powder yet maketh some noyse when it is discharged although the powder were not of sufficient force to make the péece shake or recoyle 7. As touchinge other Accidentes that are noted ouer and aboue to accompany and follow Earthquakes one is eclipses of the Moone another Exhalatiue impressions in the ayre Whereof the one may importe some defectt of heat and then the colde byndeth vp the poares of the earth causeth the windes most times to blowe fiercely at such seasons and the other giueth a taste of the plenty of hot and drie matter which by probabilitie is concluded within y e earth wherof that was some part which appeared both which may minister great cause thervnto as is already declared And it is a thing specially and aboue all thing noted that a lyttle before and euen at the tyme of the Earthquake the Sun is darkened without a cloude which is long of the spirite that breaketh foorth which filling the ayre taketh away the bright beames of the Sun from our sight after the manner of a thin myst 8. The morning is calme and colde before an Earthquake happen by reason of the hot spirite or breath which is included within the earth and also after the Sun set the Skie is cleare for that the matter is soone dispearsed and often tymes there is seene in the Element a long narrowe clowde stretched foorth which is the forerunner of an Earthquake But to speake of some consequentes that doo followe them for the most part although God haue his speciall worke according to his good prouidence in them yet are these such as the naturall Philosophers haue obserued most often to ensue may not conueniently be omitted by me in this recitall for speciall purpose 9. Sometimes therfore after an Earthquake great sloare of water hath broken foorth of the earth as béeing driuen out by the Exhalation in so much that the Sea and other Riuers haue ouerflowed theyr banckes and procured certaine particular Dilugies or drowninges of Townes and Countreyes And many times by reason of the forcible bursting out of the spirite mightie heapes of Stones haue bene throwne out of the earth to the great admiration of the beholders The Sea lykewise hath bene séene to rage wonderfully as if it had bene moued by verie fowle weather and Ilands haue bene lyfted vp wheras were neuer any before and mayne Landes deuided where before was neuer Sea And moreouer it hath bene knowne that an Earthquake hath cōtinued the space of fortie dayes almost without intermission yea of two yéeres more or lesse about one place which hapneth by reason of the multitude of the spirite and strong resistaunce of the sides of the tauernous places wherein the spirite is conteyned 10. To be short the manner of the shaking of euerie Earthquake is of thrée sortes For eyther it shaketh towards one side and is lyke a certayne trembling or rocking this is a token of great store of y e Exhalatiō or else it lyfteth right vp in the middes letteth fall againe after the manner of the Pulse or other beating veines of y e body and this kinde shaketh more and is most daungerous and testifieth that there was much more plentie of the spirite or Exhalation lying déepe beneathe in the bottome or else it séemeth to be compoūded of them twaine and at the same instant dooth bothe rocke and lyft vp the earth together and with the diuersitie of motion dauncing as it were it ratleth and butteth the houses buyldings together yet in such sort that none falleth but the one is rather a stay vnto the other this discouereth plētie of the substance after both the sorts placed mouing 11. Yet the ende that any of these yea the best dooth bring where there is store of the matter continuance of the action and conflict betweene the conteyned the conteyning is most dreadfull quaking of the earth trēbling of houses shaking of bu●ldings amazing of the people doubt of farther harmes But where it pleaseth God that they rage with greater vehemencie there followeth farre more outragious myseries as suddein ouerthrowing of houses buildings subuersion of whole Townes Citties vnprepared death of thousandes of people somtime the vtter subuersion of whole Kingdoms Nations And this much sufficeth to be spoken of them in generall 12. Nowe therefore if by your patience it may be graūted let vs a while compare some parte of these generall tokens and Accidents with this our particular Earthquake since these for the most part as I haue sayde are in summe the obseruations of the learned in Philosophie concerning such matter and so shall wee bee the better able to discerne of this wonderfull worke of God whether it be méere naturall or no and also take the better occasion to report of euery poynt thereof according as I haue beene enformed by persons of credite For why for mine owne parte I must thus protest before the lyuing God whose matter wee haue in hande that béeing not much past a payre of Butte lengthes without the libertie barres of the Citie of London walking with honest godlye companye and to my lykyng euen at the instant of the quaking as it shoulde séeme neyther they nor I perceyued any such thing at all But the Lorde hath his prouidence and his workes are marueylous 13 But that the Sun the Planets and other Starres are the efficient cause aswell of an Earthquake as of the raysing of a Comet or any other firie impression or Meteor considering y e euident force of those heauenly bodies in daylye experience it is no meruaile For that hee which is the cause of al causes in al his works of nature hath made them his vnder Deputies remayning neuerthelesse at his checke without any absolute aucthoritie of their owne These therefore but especially the Sun because of his great heate about and since the feast of Easter last past and chiefly since Wensday and Thursday before Palme sunday in Lent might somewhat séeme to be of force to hasten the drying vp of some smal moisture Howbeit neyther the one nor the other can appeare to be of such valure in reason considering the great wet that hath fallen this winter as to consume so great plentye of water without some other naturall cause be assigned are the speciall prouision of God admitted 14. Neuerthelesse touching the plenty of water that to the generation of an Earthquake is required to be conteyned within the bowelles of the earth it cannot be denyed but there hath

beene great cause to thinke there was and is yet sufficient for this or a farre greater one yet to come from which the Lord in mercie delyuer vs if so be other causes also concurre and the Lord doo consent thereunto But indéede I am rather induced to feare some vnseasonable effects of the other smoake or spirite which commeth from waters and moystie earth and is called a vapour and of nature is warme moist least when we little feare we finde the distemperaunce thereof to our hurt in our fruites and Corne and other necessarie prouision of the earth Whereof if a man would set downe an example they may be frostes or sléete in Maie and hayle in Summer and towards Haruest with such like 15. But to procéede farther in our conference whether this efficient spirite be wholy issued foorth with the Earthquake or be in part left behinde to procure a news effect or not it resteth in Gods knowledge and I truste not 〈◊〉 But I heare not yet of any fyrie flames that were séene to issue foorth of the earth the Lord be praysed the more for withholding that terror from vs. And for mine owne part I am able to testifie of the calmenesse of that time wherein the earth is sayd to haue trembled that if there blew any winde at all surely it was but very lyttle Mary in this point it differed from ●ecustomable time of the like Accidents in that it happened not in y e night tyme which doubtlesse would haue bene right gréeuous and terrible although in déede it were in the euening and towards night when as the Sun was past his force of heat as going then to glade which is also a poynt woorthy the noting 16. And as for any holes caues or hollow places which might minister occasion of conueyaunce or lurking of the matter of an Earthquake vnder the ground hereabouts as yet I doo not know specially of any notable depth such as are aboue mentioned or else are found in the partes of Italy or Sicile and elsewhere vpon like occasiō or by the continuall burning of the veines of Sulphur Naptha Bitumen and Sea coales which are a kinde of Bitumen so that the ayre possessing the vnsearchable hollowe roomes might in expectatiō bring foorth this effect Neyther are y e banckes of the Thames so clyfty therby hollow that it might be that way feared And as for Hylles Moūtaines and Dales the situation of London is so frée from them that I haue heard some traueylers say that there is not a Cittie in all Europe that stādeth vpon a more rytch pleasant and fertile leauell than it dooth 17. It may appeare also that the Philosophers admyt the earth to bellowe roare cracke and make a noyse somtyme without an Earthquake when as the Exhalation breaketh ●oorth and yet is not of force to shake the earth How chaunceth it then we heard no such matter when as it appeareth the efficient was of power to bring foorth the effect It must be aunswered Gods wyll was otherwyse For I heare no report of any such thing Which if it had happened would haue added great terrour to the feare that was otherwise procured by the shaking Vnlesse we should vnderstand it to be verified by cracking ratling of tymber poas●s walles and wenscots which I suppose wanted not but we may not so take theyr meaning but rather of a voyce lyke the roaring of the Sea or stroake of a Gun when as the Exhalation issueth out of the earth 18. And as for other accidēts true indéede it is that not long since we had an Eclipse of the Moone to witte the one and thirteth day of Januarie last past about eyght a clocke at night at what time to speake more Mathematically the furious planet Mars being found in the signe of Capricornus in the fourth house euermore fore sheweth and procureth Earthquakes within the time of that reuolution as the learned in those most excellent sciences do affirme And touching the apparance of Exhalatiue impressions which I tearme by that name for that the substance of them is hote drie although they be not caried so high where they might be set on fire which is to the top of the vppermost region of the Earthe and so take the name of fi●ie impressions 19. Concerning such I say and other Meteors I néede not stand vpon the recitall of some that haue bin séene of late which as I am credibly enformed haue bin many and oftentimes seene by sundrie And I my selfe also vppon the fifth day of March last past being Satersday almost at nine a clocke at night in the company of certaine Worshipfull Gentlemen beheld a strange and great exhalatiue impression in the Aire whiche in mine opinion was not fired but very thinne and cleere for I might very perfectly behold the fixed Starres through it The situation thereof was stretching endlong from the East to the Weast ouer the Citie of London or somewhat more Southerlie and the forme therof was as the shape of the lath of a Crossebow without a string whose backe bēded towards the North and the bellie towardes the South At what time I saw it it was in my iudgemēt in y e tenth house raised specially by Venus or Mercurie or by some fixed Starres of their nature and as I remember the Lyra was not thē farre off but by nine a clocke or a little past it was quite vanished 20. Truly I must néedes confesse the sight therof was rare and whiche woorthelie drew the eyes of many into admiration of the spectacle and from thence to lift their minds with thankes vnto the wonderfull Creator of all things And for y t I was knowne to haue bin somtime in place wher lerning is professed some y t stood by demanded mine opinion what it might be what also signifie vnto whom I answered y t in my iudgement of nature it was an exhalation that otherwhiles it foreshewed y e following of an Earthquake but most cōmōly of fierce winds and drought whiche howsoeuer they be presignified the effect must be acknowledged to rest in Gods hands only 21. Another adiunct token likewise which is the darkening of the Sunne without any cloude or Eclipse at the instant of the Earthquake was euident to be discerned and is commonly reported by as many as made any obseruation thereof And for my parte I durst also affirme the same to be true although I acknowledge as before mine inexperience of the strange accident Notwithstanding I remember that the Sunne shined not as we were walking which was the time that the Earthquake hapned And to confer yet farther indéede the mornings before were cold and nipping and afterwards at night the Skie was faire and cléere but whether there appéered in the Elemente any long and narrow Cloude stretched foorth in length eyther before or after I can not say 22. Moreouer I heare as yet of no great and newe

dwell in the vttermost partes of the Sea or couer our selues in the darkenesse for light and darkenesse are all one before him 37. To conclude I would wish that men liued not altogeather in securitie as though it were no straunge thing that had hapned But first that they remayned in assurance of Gods good will if they bee thankefull as well for the frée gifte of his liuely worde and Gospell as for the life reigne and welfare of our naturall Soueraigne Quéene Elizabeth whose dayes the Lorde for his mercy continue longe time ouer vs in all happinesse Secondly I would exhort that Sermons were diligently resorted vnto and publique prayers made for all persons specially for our vertuous Prince as S. Paule willeth vs her honourable Counsell Bishops Nobilitie all Magistrates and the whole Clergie Thirdly I counsell that there bée speciall care had vnto bodily health chéefely béeinge now the most seasonable time of the yeare wherin the Phisitions counsel may be taken and presently executed for the auoyding of farther perill impendinge And last of all vnder God I assure vs that if we liue in his feare and in the loue of his worde and in duetifulnesse to our good Quéene and in loyaltie to our Countrey and in charity one with another wee shall not neede to feare the force of any forraine foes nor the terrour of any Earthquake nor the infection of any pestilence nor stande in dread of any thing that the enemy can deuise against vs but the Lorde abidinge alwayes on our side surely there is nothinge shall or can hurt vs. Which hee graunt for his mercie sake to whom bee all honour and glory now and euer more Amen Reuelation Cap. 22.20 and 16.15 Come Lord Iesus I come quickly Behold I come as a theefe Happie is hee that watcheth and keepeth his garments least he walke naked and men see his filthinesse FINIS Yea and out of y e Realme to in some Countreys lying Easterly Causes and substance of Earthquakes as they be naturally assygned Howe Earthquakes are ingendred Earthquakes comōly happen at night or in the morning Wales acquainted with particular Earthquakes Eclipses of the Moone import defect of heat Some report that they sawe this Clowd although it were not generally marked Straunge effectes of Earthquakes Earthquakes shake in three sorts The best kinde is bad enough A conferēce of al the tokens aforesayde with our Earthquake God worketh euermore by second causes vnlesse hee worke myracles whiche are against the common course of nature Matter left for another Earthquak vnlesse the Lords mercie be greater Some say that the earth was shaken againe at midnight following These are the causes of their hot bathes and medicinable waters in those Coūtreyes The situation of the cittie of Lōdo in a most rytch pleasaunt and fertyle Leauell In Eclipse of the Moone the last of Janu. 1580. Of the straunge exhalation seene in the aire the 5. of March 1580. The pre●age of this Erthquake by the Authour The Sun darkened at the instant of the Erthquake Pherecydes The Ilāds Theron Therea and Aegypt cast vp by Erthquakes out of the Sea The Iland Atlantis drowned by an Earthquake The Citie of Constantinople shaken with an Erthquake Doubtlesse the reportes shew this to be true Earthequakes God be thāked rare in England This Erthquake at the least generall to all Britaine Rhodes xii Citties in Asia Cāpania Naples Basil Castles almost an hundred the Alpes and Rome some shaken some ouerthrowen with Earthquakes Happy are they whom the Lorde shall finde weldooing Coniectures of those thinges that happen most commonly Belles knowling alone Two children sore hurt wherof one died presently This Erthquake not altogither naturall The Angel of the Lord thought to passe by in visitation The corruption of metals able to infect man beast and foule A comfortable coniecture of the Lords mercie and loue towards vs Conscientia mille teste● The Eirle died the Munday after being the eleuenth of April Goddes iudgements already begun All people exhorted to amend their excesses Iudas and Iulian great Maisters to Traytours and Atheistes Augustus Caesars den againste thunder and lightning Unto them that liue in the feare of God all things happen for the best