saith he it found to pass between wheâ— you would move your Head and between the Action it self As it also happens in the Sense for in this we expect no time of wounding to feele but thâ— Knife at once cuts and we feele it And this calls in question that opinion oâ— the whole Schoole of Barbarians whicâ— affirms the Spirits to be transmitted to alâ— the Members and by them the virtueâ— carried conveyed they being the proper instrument of the Soule But if thâ— virtue is communicated by transmissiâ—â— of the Spirits they would no way communicate on a sudden but in manifesâ— time for the Spirit is Corporeall Buâ— we so suddenly as we will move ouâ— Head or the parts of it expecting nothing at all the virtue to have an influence upon the motion For Nature as Vallesius well observes never orders any thing to have a power only to move once but she once gives that which shall have a power to move many times And therefore when we attempt any second motion we have the benefit of that influence which had first inabled the motory parts Sect. VI. That in all outward Actions the Soule commandeth either manifestly or obscurely and that we are not stirred up to any such motion by Nature or Custome IT is very hard and difficult to assign a Cause of so different motions Galen who was very curious and inquisitive in searching out the cause of the moving of Muscles at last ingeniously confesseth â—hat he knew not how the Muscles were moved the cause of his doubt was that since the offices of Muscles were unknown to Infants they seemed not apt to demand their endeavour of them because it is a voluntary motion Will is from Knowledge the end therefore for which we are moved and the peculiar Instrument of the motion is to be known therefore since none of these are known to Infants for good reason we aske why they rather move their lips than their feet or how they move them In all motions that are voluntarily performed there is nothing more obscure or doubtfull than this because I see saith he in children much more in others that when they would make any outward expression with any Member of their body thiâ— they do voluntarily and this they do by a Muscle destinated and appropriated to that motion although indeed they know not that Muscle and not only are they ignorant of this but even many Physicians and the consideration of this mystery drives him to 〈◊〉 somâ— extraordinary hand of Providence to be active in it for his words are Because I find the Members of the body to bâ— moved by a Muscle on which the Creator who created and fashioned us and is alwaies present with us hath prudently bestowed a power of moving when therefore we would make use oâ— any motion He moves the Muscle which he hath formed and created for that purpose Scaliger who takes this confession of Galen for a qualme of Philosophicall modesty tells Cardan verily Galen knew not many things which yet he would not have others to know that he knew them not and with a subtile facility he attempts to resolve this knotty doubt Will saies he is twofold one of Election as in wise men another from Instinct as in an Infant new-born to suck milke for when he is grown of age he will do the same if need be with Election and the force is the same which serves the Soule for the commodity of the Body and hath a connative Species of its conservation The Soule therefore moves the Muscles and therefore moves them 〈◊〉 thinks the Oeconomy of our 〈◊〉 to be as 't were a City goâ—ern'd by good Laws wherein when â—nce the order is established there is no â—eed of a secret Guide which must â—epresent at every thing that is done â—o all parts of the Body to what uses â—hey were appointed performe their duâ—â—es without any Teacher and as Homer feigned that the Instruments of Vulcan moved of their own accord and those golden Shields to be of such cunning workmanship that they moved of themselves So the Muscles endued with a convenient structure performe their worke by a certaine ingenit virtue But Marinellus a Physician of an excellent judgement conceives not Scaligers distinction of the Will to be consonant to reason for Will alwaies as it is a Will supposeth some Election and Election Cogâ—ition which least of all exists in Infants And therefore to feigne a Will to Will something unknown seemes to him a vain forgery Nor is he satisfied in the example of Aristotle which is not well accommodated to the business of voluntary motion For a Monarch imposeth Laws upon his Citizens who are renowned with a knowing soule and keep their Princes commandement in memory But the Muscles the moving and the movable Corporeall parts are not endueâ— with any Cognoscent powers foâ— so every animated part were to have â— proper Soule which were most absurâ— and repuguant to his own saying wherâ— he infers that it behoves not there should be a Soule in every part but that it exsist in some Principle or chief part of the Body Besides the parts for the performing of motion stand in need of a Spirit or influent heat that makes the motion according to its nature impetuous or some moving Faculty that flows from a principle but this or that is not moved but by Imagination or Appetite the Imagination or Appetite not without the Soule whence it is to be concluded that the Soule alwaies commands the motion and the parts moveable do not performe their worke from Nature The Philosopher makes it plaine that motion is done by the Imagination and Appetite for the passions aptly obey the instrumentarian parts the Appetite the Passions and the Imagination the Appetite and if in that place he useth the word Nature for the Soâ—le as some Commentators affirme for the Soule is a certaine Nature yet that similitude were incongruous enough and unlike for the Soule should be alwaies present and command the parts and should not move by some instrument which the Philosopher denies Perchance some may object that sometimes we know not nor are awar of some actions we doe and therfore they can not be voluntary nor have any such emphaticall signification this indeede is a thing somewhat doubtfull and full of ambiguity in some mens opinions and has bin the cause to make some to imagine that there are many kind of motions that depend not upon our will But they who have taken this doubt into consideration have decreed the will to be double one is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the other is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the first is vigilantium proper to them that are awake and heed what they doe the last is Dormientium or theirs who doe a thing in their sleep or with lesse intention of the mind So that in every motion the wil coÌ„mandeth either manifestly or obscurely Hence it is that we doe not alwayes mind the motion
of every particle in our head or face yet all the gestures of the parts which we exercise even when wee know not whether we use them or not are motions of the soule since performed by the worke of the Muscles And I thinke saith Marinellus there is no man when he moves after any manner his whole head distorts his Face Eye-brow lip or nose or winkes with one eye which somtimes we do not being aware of them and so against our knowledge and will yet none are so simple to thinke they are not the actions of the soule and done by voluntary motion and that they proceed not from the soule because knowledge and command doe not so formally precede as in other actions it is wont before appetite for the Phansie may doe its worke and move when we perceive it not and it appeares by Aristotle that motion may be commanded the members although the outward Senses are notably hindred and whatsoever motion is done by the commandement of a Faculty is voluntary it being without all controversy that all motions the soule exerciseth by the Muscles are arbitrary and so to bee called they being voluntary which Reason and the Will command called Animall because common to us with Beasts For all motion that the Rationall or Irrationall Faculty commands the Muscles is animall or arbitrary for since all motion is either naturall or voluntary and that which is done by the Muscles is not naturall it followes then it must be accounted for animal arbitrary or voluntary names which imply all one thing But all motion which is done by the contraction of the Muscles to their heads is commanded the Muscles by the Soul or Appetite al such motion therfore is and ought to be called voluntary or animall for that contraction of the Muscles which without the helpe of any extraneous thing are driven to their Heads move the members into which they are inserted is the operation of an animated body quatenus animated wherefore such motions of the Muscles cannot bee done by any other thing the Soul not cooperating with it For al actions equally proceed from the Soul but receive their Specifique difference from the instruments Wherefore these are both animall and voluntary motions if the name be put for them both but if you would call that onely voluntary which is done with our will and assent and not against our wills you will be compelled to exclude many other motions performed by the Muscles from the number of voluntary motions Galen endeavours to salve this doubt why wee doe these voluntary actions as 't were not wittingly or willingly or as being aware of them not presuming to have found the cause but to speake a little more probably Because saith he wee are not intent with our whole mind upon them as many have done actions which they forget to have done in fits of anger and passion having made but a slight and superficiall impression in their mindes as madmen performe many voluntary actions which yet they remember not when they come to themselves whereas to some actions we adhibit a more indulgent heed when no way disturbed nor distracted with cares we are not drawn away to desist from the motion begun for Care the Contemplation of some thing Custome or some affection of the mind may prove impediments to the knowledge of the Command of the will for if our Cogitation be very intent upon a thing so that it slights other things which had intended it it errs from its proper end which often happens to men when they intend a journey to a certaine place and many times being engaged in other thoughts doe passe it Notwithstanding it is a thing hard enough to believe that any one should command and not know that he doth command and therfore some have dared to affirme that the beginning of a motion depends upon the command of the will but the progresse of a journey to bee done by Custome and Aptitude of parts since many at that time are turmoyl'd with divers cares but it is better to affirme the Cause of such errour to be by reason of the mind detained by some cogitation And with Marinellus wee may wonder as much how such motions are many times done in our sleep which we forget to have done in our sleep the soule then working obscurely for when we awake wee cannot tell whether wee had moved any part of our face or no and so by oblivion are soone induced to say they were done without our will or privity which is the case of your Noctambuli or as Sennerâ—us had rather call them Somnambuli who in their sleepes rise out of their Beds walke and performe many actions and gestures whereof there is mention every where among Physicians which gestures and actions are done unwittingly and when they awake in the morning they remember no such matter animall motion being stirred up in them by force of a stronger imagination which are performed by the benefit of the motions of the Hand feete and the other organs serving to animall motion commanded by the Locomotive prickt forward by the Appetite stirred up by the Phansie which taking notice of some object offered unto it in sleepe tenders it to the Appetite either to bee avoyed or embraced To which the command of Reason and the will doe concurre with the locomotive power although more obscurely and darkely the action of imagination being stronger in sleepe but that of rationation which should direct and moderate the â—hansie is more obtenebrated the actions of those who sleepe and those who dreame seeming not to differ but that these rise the others lying in their beds doing the same things Another obâ—ection may bee that many of these speaking motions of our Head Face other parts of our body are many times done by custome a habit rather than by a voluntary motion Indeede Zinguer reckons custome among the accidents of the Instrumentall cause of the motive faculty and that it is as 't were the Vicar of the will and sometimes the Arbiter But the Master of the subtilties laughs at Cardan for his definition of the double Cause of motion one the Soule the Muscles the other custome You in vaine saith he multiply things you in vaine bring a name for a thing For what is custome if I should aske you would spend above two dayes in deliberation what you were to say it would fall out well if you could then come off with credit Custome is nothing else but a habit but a habit is not the cause of motion but a quality added to the motion because it so adheres to the members that as Aquilio without C. oâ— his owne accord doth presently answer brings forth its actions as they are to be done without any inquisition Custome indeed and the aptitude of parts doe advance helpe forward the doing or perfecting of some motions and it is wortâ— our admiration to see in a Chironomer who has his soule in his
â—epend the motion of the parts which is â—ot so much distinguished by the diffeâ—ence of place forward backward upâ—ard downeward to the right hand to â—he left or in orb but also in the figure of â—he part which is called Scheme For figureâ—s â—s the scituation of a part in motion Now â—ince every instrument should be so disâ—os'd that it may most aptly attaine the â—nd unto which it was appointed and that a Muscle is the instrument of so many voluntary expressions of the minde Let us see what neate elegant composure it hath to give an apt satisfaction to so noble important motions The similar parts which concurre to the construction of a Muscle are seven in number to wit a Veine Arterie Nerve Flesh Tendon Membran Fat among which there is a part without which the action cannot be done being that part from which action doth first arise the root or mansion of the facultie all the others subministring to this concurre and conspire to the end of that one action Therefore it is not sufficient to know that a Muscle is the Organ of voluntarie motion but there is need of the acutest edge of wit to finde out that part which exists as Prince and chiefe in it and which is upon commandment of the Soule effective of motion This prerogative of moving a Muscle is most justly given to the Nerve as having the greater aptness for motion for all men very well know that the part moves not but the soule for the instruments move because they are moved by it besides the instrumentâ— that serve any facultie must derive their orginall from that part from whence such a facultie proceeds Now the Nerves have their beginning from the Braine and are afterwards dispersed here and there and derived to other parts greater or lesser according to the diversitie of the Action But there ariseth no small doubt because Galen in many places calls the Nerves the way of the vertue that depends upon the Braine whereupon many assuredly take the Nerves to be onely the Posts Conveyors not Motors had rather call them Illatores thaâ— Motores which is farre from truth for although they do bring the intelligence from the Braine to the Muscles yet withal they do move and worke and they are the Intelligencers and way of conveyance untill they come unto the moveable parts but when they are once entred into the composition of the Muscle they become Agentâ— and Motors Which Marinelius by most cleare and pregnant instances out of Galen maintaines and manifestly demonstrates to be true Now the Braine is the Vniversall organ of voluntarie motion the great mysterie whereof is thus ordered The Braine commandeth as soone as it hath judged whether the thing is be to be avoided or prosecuted the Nerves commonly called Illatores or the Posts for the Intelligence they give bring the commandment and Facultie the Muscle illustrated with the Animall Spirits obeyes and moves the part according to the command of the â—ill and as a Rider by the moving of his Raines guides his Horse so the force of the Soule residing in the Braine moves the Muscles by the Nerves as with Raines for the will is like the Rider the Nerves to Raines and the Muscles to the Horse So it is no motion untill it come to the Muscle for that is truly motion which is done by the intension and remission of the Muscles Sect. IIII. That the Appetite or Will is the first efficient cause but not the chiefe cause of motion the Spirit and Faculty being the more propinque and conjunct cause and that besides the commandment of the Will the endeavor and intention of the mind is necessary thereunto SInce there are divers motions and Actions performed by the members through mediation of the Muscles who have their virtue from a faculty by which Physicians understand that which has a power of Doing or Working who sometimes call them Powers sometimes Virtues a Faculty by the definition of Galen being the cause of an Action for every effecting cause is a Faculty Now since every worke proceedes from some action and it is necessary some cause should also go before every action it followes with reason that as Action is the cause of every worke so some faculty should be the cause of that Action for nothing is done without a cause which is an Axiome in Physique therefore it is altogether necessary to consider the efficient Faculty of Action and the Cause of work for how can any thing be done without an Agent Cause and that which has the power of working Now this is the animall faculty which gives sense and motion which suggests cogitation intellection memory and which transmits sense and motion from the Braine by the conduct of the Nerves with the Greekes usually cal'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Rationatrix presiding over all the actions and motions that flow from our will that is from Election and Councell and that by the aide of the Nerves and operation of the Muscles of the Animall faculty the motive is a species Albertus where he speakes of the Exterâ—our motive virtue which followes upon the affective that is upon that which workes the inward motion of the mind very appositly to our purpose distinguisheth the motive faculty into the appetitive the affective and the motive the first commands the part to be moved the affective and motive perform the motion of the members but the affective makes the inward spirituall motion the motive makes the exteriour corporall motion of the members which represents the inward motion But the actions that are done by the most manifest tone of the Muscles are those which are produced by that species of motion which they call Pathetique for that causeth more violent extant and remarkable actions in all the parts of the body the internall motion of this Faculty or Perturbation Averrhoes calles motum electivum and there is no creature that at some time or other is not droven to some impetuous action by this inward agitation or perturbation of his mind which actions in respect of their effect are morall of their supposed Spring vitall yet the actions of these vitall Ethiques serve the Animall by divers motions of perturbations which spring from â—he Pathetique Energetique or Ethique faâ—ulty which although of it selfe it be â—oyde of reason yet being apt to obey â—ence there ariseth some conflicts beâ—weene the Rationall and Irrationall part â—s the Practique Intellect hath these afâ—ections in Subjection called patheâ—â—call when they are mov'd by the arbitriâ—ent of another which though they be â—eckon'd among passions yet in their â—ffects they are actions and appeare so â—o be in their types and externall repreâ—entations in the face and countenance â—nd other parts of the body The prinâ—iple of all motion is the Appeâ—ite whence the sense offering what is desiâ—ed the motions are done no otherwise then as you see in Machins the â—ullyes loos'd one thrusting foreward
Fingers the Muscles of his Hand should bee directed so swiftly to the Nerves of his instrument while it may bee he is afflicted in mind his hand being droven by the command of his will to such motions all the ready variations of his cunning fingers being done by the Nods of the Soule though unknown unto him unknown by reason of long custome by which such actions become most easy The modesty of Galâ—n will conclude this matter very well Rashly to judge these motions is ignorance promptly to pronounce them not voluntary is rashnesse and there is no just cause why wee should recede from what is evident and there are evident judgements to be made of voluntary motion the causes we find not because we follow not particular actions He that denyes his beliefe is voyd of sense He is rash that pronounceth of uncertainties He that for the obscurity that is in these ha's those in suspicion which are cleere is a Sceptique of them that delight in Doubts He that not only suspects but studyes to evert those which are cleere for the obscurity that is in them is an arrant foole PATHOMYOTOMIA OR A Dissection of the Muscles of the Affections Beeing an Essay to a new way of describing the operative and significative Muscles of those Affections which are more Conspicuously emphaticall in the Demonstrative Actions of the Head and Face THE PROEM The Prerogative of the Head in point of Animal and significant motion MAn who in respect of the variety and excellency of his Actions is a most perfect Creature has a Body withall composed of divers parts answerable to the variety of his Actions and every way fitted to signifie and explane the affections of his Mind among which the most eminent and obvious part the Head wherein the whole man seemes to dwell hath a prerogative in point of significant motion and being the Forum of the Affections hath many advantages for declarative Action of the subordinate and more private parts of the Body And all this by a good right as being the Root of the Affections and the principle of motion Hence the instruments of voluntary motion the Muscles disposed in the Head and Face are so honorable and remarkable that if man were deprived of them he would look like a Socraticall Statue for his Face would be alwaiâ—s in one fix'd posture there might be Facies but no Vultus or voluntary explanation of his mind But it would be like a Cabinet lokct up whose key was lost No certaine way of entrance into his mind to be found and so Momus his Cavill would be just all the inward motions and affections of his mind would be obscur'd in silence and become altogether invisible the countenance without the moving virtue of the Muscles ordained in time to measure out the passions and affections of the mind remaining like a watch whose spring or Principle and the wheeles that served for motion were taken out Memb. I. Of the Muscles the instruments of voluntary motion whereby the generall significations of the Head are performed ALthough the Braine it self is not moved by a proper Animal motion and so needs no Muscle Yet the rest of the Head requires divers motions both â—n respect of the whole as in respect of certaine parts or Members which as well as their chief are so called for that â—hey have no proper circumscription on â—very side nor are every way conjoyned â—o others more especially that the whole â—ead with its comprised parts by the beâ—efit of certain Muscles might be enabled â—o move and by motion to expresse the â—ffections of the mind Now the Headâ—eing â—eing as all Bodies are in a place its â—otions with other corporall motions must be locall therefore the Head â—y the Ishmos of the Neck as it were â—icking to the continent of the Body as 〈◊〉 a Base or Centre is apparently moved â—y many affections and energeticall moâ—â—ons of the mind being oftentimes moved in a place from a place to a place by a place but observing still the same centre to wit the rest of the Body which persists unmoved as likewise doe all the parts of the Head and Face when their potentiall abilityes of signification are reduced into act by any affection or pathetical motion of the mind But as members so some actions are compounded and some simple the compound soone appeare the simple do last occur for first we perceive Nods the compound motion of the Head then the more simple motions to wit the contractions and extensions of the Muscles where of those Nods consist and which are the singular parts that effect or assist the declarative motions of the head Some of which instruments their motions in leane musculous men do evidently appeare without any dissection even through the veile of the skin These Muscles the instruments of voluntary motion by which the generall discourses oâ— the Head are performed are usually reckon'd seaven paire whereof every one hath its Action some being placed before and some Diametrically opposite behind and of the Muscles of every pairâ— one takes up the right side another the left Those Muscles are primary and serve the proper motions of the Head which are done the Head mov'd the Neck unmov'd Archangelus calls these that attend upon the private motions of the Head Musculos Cephalicos capitall or moving the head And the Cylinder of the Neck although a medium betweene the Head and brest yet most properly refer'd to the head in respect of the common motions The Muscles that are set over the conduct of the Neck accomplish â—he common motions of the Head which â—re those which follow the motion of the Neck which motions are secundary and â—y accident for the Neck being moved â—he Head necessarily followes and therâ—ore with as many proper motions as the Neck is moved with with so many seâ—undary motions is the Head these Archâ—ngelus calls Musculos Cervicales from moving the Neck they are foure paire Which as a kind of Chorus encircling it â—n a Ring embrace the Head and Neck â—eing ready prest to obey the Becks and â—odding Commandements of the will The â—oure first paire also of the Muscles of the Back are subservient to the motions and significations of the Head and Necke are Musculi adjutorij reckond by Vesalius others among the Muscles of the Head and Neck although not seated in those parts The chief commodity of the Neck was to sustaine the various motioÌ„s of the head wherin there is a new thing truly admirable that in the joynt of the head the greatest bone is coupled and put upon the least almost whose nature is so obscure that it is controverted by many And Galen the Miracle of nature and the most exquisite Interpretor of motion in weighing the construction of any part requires not so learned and witty anâ— Auditor as in the motions of the Head and with the difficultie of the matter affrighteth his Reader as Vesalius in thiâ— point
vertebras and those â—rong Muscles implanted in the processe â—f the Iugall-bone and Breast it remains â—â—erefore since their Muscles are laxe â—edounding with overmuch moysture â—â—ey should as men drowzie let their â—ead fall to the Right or Left shoulder 〈◊〉 withall their Heades abounding â—ith exerementitious humours cannot 〈◊〉 susteined but are so inclined and â—â—rchance rather to the Right Hand 〈◊〉 the Left for the aforesaid reason â—nd indeed they may well be suppoâ—â—d 〈◊〉 to have the Ligaments of the Left 〈◊〉 more slacke and remisse which notes out much softnesse and superfluous moysture predominant in the Left-side by which when the Muscles and Ligaments of that side are loosened the Head by its weight is bent to the opposite side as it happens sometimes the Cheeks to be drawn awry to one side when there is a resolution of the Nerves and Ligaments of the other side Dissect VIII PRide Arrogance Ambition Insolency Insultation Confidence Disdaine Magnificency Magnamity and the odious vanity of Bragging and boasting beare up the Head aloft by reason of which garbe such who use it are properly called Cervicosi that is Elate and arrogant which action is performed when all thâ— hinder Muscles of the Neck and Head and that confused Chaos and heape oâ— Muscles in the Back which are like Labyrinth of many waies work toâ—gether for then by drawing the 〈◊〉 straight backward they extend it anâ— keep it erect as a Mast of a Ship is 〈◊〉 Cords which posture is Tonique anâ— hath these significations when it is moderately so held without any vehemency and we might call this action of the Muscles the Combination or Conspiracy of Pride and Arrogance or the Braggadochios plot ¶ But in fierce audacity when we would affront defie upbraid and with an execration expresse cruell anger we augment the tension of the Muscles and confirme our Head to a Chamelion-like inflexibility setting withall our face with the veines retched out against others Anatomists call this among the five figures of the motion of Muscles according to Galen Extreme figure where there is an immoderate contention wherein the parts are vehemently stretched out and wherein the Muscles of both kinds work together and sometimes beyond their strength but chiefly when we compell a Member to persist longer in that tension for we cannot long endure the great stresse of the Nervous fibres But this Tonicall figure may be more or lesse intense according to the pleasure of the mover This rigid forme of fierce audacity looks like a Crampe or Crick in the Neck and makes the Muscles to remaine so stretched out that the Head and Neck seeme indeed immoveable but yet in truth the Muscles are moved in conservation of the contracted Muscles such being the nature of successive motions as Laurentius speaks that they are no lesse done while they are so kept than when they were first begun We may call this generall concurrence of the Muscles when they are thus perceived to act with perseverance Tetanum oppositionis the Rack of opposition or the voluntary Crick of stiffenecked Cruelty But this case of Tonique motion being absolutely the greatest mystery that relates to Voluntary motion deserves a better enquirie First This Action is of the same kind with Contraction that is they agree in the Genus of the Action but specifically differ Yet Galen doth not expresse what Species of motion it is of So that this Action is not a change of place but only an Action with immobility Galen calls that Action of the Muscle without locall motion motum Tonicum which perchance with him was all one as to reteine the part in that place from whence it would recede unlesse it were deteyned by the Action of the Muscle for all immobility as He proves is not caused by the privation of Action for a part that is susteyned and held firme in one posture that it stirs not could not be done unlesse they did Act for else it would be altered or fall by the weight of the Body Whence it doth follow that all immobility doth not depend upon the privation of Action but upon some Action of the Muscle But the Action of a Muscle is motion for the Action of a part is defined by Galen an Active motion but rest is contrary to motion Galen takes this for a hard and difficult question yet he hath many kinds of this motion from experience and sence as that of a bird hanging in the Ayre and of one swimming against a streame with equall strength the moving faculty raising it up equall to the weight of its body depressing and the strength of the swimmer equally contending and striving against the force of the streame Serpillon imagines this to be an action mixed of tension and contraction which Fontanus his Antagonist will not endure to heare of Galen in a most smooth and admirable modesty of stile goes over the Rocks and depths of this mystery It is possible saith he to find some motion all the Muscles that are ordered for it ceasing from their Action and to find a quiescency many Muscles working For all motion is not caused by the operation of Muscles nor all immobility by their rest Now whether or no shall we say that they do act and are stretched but are not moved And if we feare to say so we must likewise say that they do not act for 't is absurd to confesse they do work according to their innate and most proper Action and to deny them to be moved But they appeare not to be moved yet because the Muscles act therefore we say they are moved but because the whole Member whereof they are a part nor they themselves apart do appeare to move therefore for this cause again we do not confesse they move where therefore shall a man find a Solution for this doubt From the name Tonique as some have done which comes of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 id est firmo Fontanus has a good mind to help Galen out in this difficultie but endeavours it with little successe This only he gathers from the Doctrine of Galen that Action without motion of the Muscle is called a Tonique motion Action with motion Contraction motion without Action born of the Contracted part Extension the Decidency of the Muscle a motion from the weight of the part and Muscle But seeing of the causes of Tonique motion Galen hath written little Fontanus is at a stand perchance thinking it would be an impudent Design to attempt any thing in that kind after so great a light of Physick yet he puts the Quaere whence this Tonique motion should come and he ventures to conclude from the motrice faculty commanded as all other voluntary actions for the nearest cause of this motion as he conceives is the Animal faculty which moves the Muscles and it is the part of that to susteine the Members whose part it is to move them wherein after his great flourish he hath made no more progresse than the very words
â—he other but in Machins without the mutation of qualityes but in us the formall cause of motive heate and spirits is transmitted withall to the parts hence in anger we wax hot in feare and sadnesse cold for all these perturbations are done with heate and cold to wit the â—hing seen excites the Appetite and this the Affection which prepare the instrument of the Action So thaâ— the Appetive power or will commandeth but moveth not but after his nod thâ— Motive faculty ariseth which flowing bâ— the Nerves produceth Motion Yet Fâ—râ—nelius his distinction is to be considereâ— in this businesse who will have the Appetite or will to be the first Efficient cauâ—â— of motion but not the Chiefe causâ— which belongs rather to the Spirit anâ— Faculty than to the Appetite and must bâ— returned thither besides the Appetiâ—â— or will we must find out some more propinque and conjuct cause of motion aâ—mong others the chiefe reason is thaâ— when the Palsie hath seased on any parâ— because then the Nerves are destitute 〈◊〉 the Spirits and Faculty the most efficaâ—cious or strongest Appetite or Will canâ—not procure a motion and if you binâ— Nerve hard with a cord you may â—ommand what you will but there folâ—owes no obedience of the Muscle whose Nerve is so stopt since all notice or inâ—elligence of our will is thereby intercepted from arriveing at the Muscle Besides this commandment of the Will seemes of little efficacy at all unlesse a â—ertaine endeavour and intention of the â—ind be added unto it as a Coadjutor or â—ompanion for if a man would either wrest his eyes divers wayes or set all 〈◊〉 parts together into speaking motiâ—ns shal he forthwith effect it although â—he instruments be sound and fit for actâ—on of which this in sooth is the only â—ause that the mind must hoc agere and â—annot take notice of all things at one â—nstant nor be intent to every single motion Therefore the Will is not only sufficient but a certaine intention also of the Mind is necessary to rowze up â—he Motive faculty otherwise a sleepe â—nd languishing in particulars Wherefore this Animall Faculty which by the â—ectorship of the spirit flowes from the Braines into every particle while it is driven foreward by the command of the will and the endeavour and intention of the mind effects the actions whicâ— so significantly appeare in the Head anâ— other parts of the Body Sect. V. That it is strange but not so wonderfulâ— that Animall motion should be performed on such a sudden DIverse things are required that thâ— parts should be moved by an Aniâ—mall or voluntary motion For wee muâ—â— know how all that is moved is compaâ—â— of a Mover and a Moveable Since what soever is moved is moved of some thing when therefore we are moved it is necesâ—sary there should be a compound of â— moving and a moveable the Soule is thâ— Movens metaphoricum the moved oâ— moveable the Body or some part of it foâ— it is the Soule whereby we live and havâ— motion And because the Soule moves noâ— by a naturall propension but by knowâ—ledge and for an end it would be conâ—sidered with the sharpenesse of wit oâ— whom it is moved and with what instruâ—ments and medium's it moves the Heaâ— â—nd parts of it and which are the inâ—â—ruments moved and the Mediumsâ—etween â—etween the Soule and the last thing moâ—ed The Principall of locall motion espeâ—ially which must be immoveable is the â—oule Appetition is the Medium that movesâ—he â—he Moveable the Instrument is the Spirit â—o that there are sixe things concurring â—o these Actions Immoveable as the Soule â—â—moveable partly and partly moveable as â—he Braine quatenus a Principle which â—ove and are moved as the Head which 〈◊〉 moved by the Braine and moves the â—arts of the Face with it which are moâ—ed alone as the parts of the Face the â—edium of the motion as the Appetition â—nd Affection and the Instrument which 〈◊〉 the Spirit To this effect Cardan or 〈◊〉 you will have it as Fabricius ab Aqua â—end has dâ—awn it out of Galen and Ariâ—â—â—tle All that appertains and concurs 〈◊〉 locall motion is thus universally orâ—ered As soon as the imagination is forâ—ed of the object known by the intellectâ—r â—r sense whether it be to be prosecuted â—r avoided straightwaies the Appetite is â—oved which forthwith excites and moves withall the passions of the Body either by heating or refrigerating eithâ—â— to attain or avoid The passions that iâ— heat cold do aptly prepare the motorâ— Instruments as Aristotle speakes ingeniâ—ously Which are according to Galen thâ— Braine the Nerves the Muscles anâ— Joints The Braine besides its proposeâ— worke done by it self and as it were â—â—â—red up by ploughing and brought fortâ— out of its proper substance as the Imaâ—gination Appetite and Passions 〈◊〉 moreover transmit the Animal Spiriâ— begotten in and of it self by the nerveâ— his branches as it were by channels 〈◊〉 the muscles the peculiar allyed and proâ—per organ of motion with which forâ— the Muscles wholly affected and illustraâ—ted attempt the performance of appareâ—â— motion Now although the Muscles 〈◊〉 the instruments of voluntary motion 〈◊〉 many other things being required to thâ— act of their motion whence that by 〈◊〉 mediation so many causes interceding so suddenly a commotion should 〈◊〉 wrought and introduced into the Meâ—â—bers is a thing full of miracle 〈◊〉 hath a pretty Simile to illustrate this bâ—â—siness As saith he in the striking of â—â—ring of an Instrument an eight anâ—wers unto an eight So the Motive Faâ—ulty by a wonderfull providence of Nature moves the mobile Spirits and â—hese moved flie forth with a stupendiâ—us obedience to their destinated Organs As in a Monochord a Diapason a Diapente and a Diatesseron sound only â—t certaine intervals and in the other â—tops sound not So certaine parts as soone as may be obey the soule sending particular Mandates unto them for all â—he parts wait upon the soule and were framed by Nature to such an aptitude that being commanded they presently obey and are moved as long as the moving faculty flowing from a principle is not by some impediment debarred from them But without doubt saith Marinellus this is not very perspicuous to reason how we do move at the Nod of the Will what part soever we desire although the most remotest from the head the foundation of the moving faculty and that without any interposition of time But all admiration and astonishment will vanish away if we suppose that which is most certaine to wit that the motive faculty while man is awake or noâ— oppressed with heavy sleep doth perpetually flow and travell to the Nerveâ— which are derived from the Braine and dispersed through the Laberinth of thâ— Body which virtue since it is as wâ— may so say in the first act in the Toe oâ— the Foot the Appetite commanding iâ— breaks out into the last act which is motion Caâ—en gives us an example no time
of Articulation unworthily scoffing observes of him Notwithstanding this is agreed on by both sides that every motion is performed upon the first or second vertebra of the Neck whereof in leane and consumed men we may make an experiment if we put the index of our Hand about the pit of the hinder part of the head or nape of the neck for wee shall then perceive the first and second vertebra to be more moved than any of the rest the motions of the other joynts are neither so valid nor manifest and very difficult to observe so that they cannot be discerned in the very act by every man So obscure are their motions that unlesse you bend your whole mind there is no comprehending of them but the motions of the Head upon the Neck which expresse divers affections of the mind are so manifest and evident that they are hid from no man The structure of the joynt being very remarkable for sage Nature moderatrix of all opportunities when she foresaw that many motions were necessary for the Head and that it could not undergoe them unlesse the bones were round and committed to a simple Article loosly bound knowing that the security of construction would be repugnant to the variety and agility of motion and solliciâ—ous for the noblest part though she alwayes in the first place casts for the dignity of the Action and in the second for the security consulting for both in this â—oynt chose rather security than the variety and agility of motion for seeing they were incompatible and could not stand together if it were tide loosely and free to turne every where she gave it a few motions and those safe rather than many with the perill of the Head and because the scope of variety was not to be contemned therfore provident Nature what she could not with the magnitude and laxity of one Article perform she recompensed with two smaller and a multitude of Muscles For which cause no motion seemes to be wanting to the Head But although the construction or the articulation and composition of the Neck is provided for locall and voluntary motion yet there is no Action of Articles but onely a Passion for so much as the Article or joynt acts nothing but onely is moved but to be moved is to suffer when not by its proper motion but by something placed without it is moved not by it selfe but by the Muscle wherefore if the Action of this joynt is a motion it is not done by acting but by suffering and the motions and significations are to be attributed to the Muscles which are the instrumentall cause Lastly that the Head in violent motions and agitations might not goe beyond its bounds and suffer a Luxation which is deadly there are foure strong ligaments to establish and better secure their motions which are of great moment to be known exactly by those who would rightly perceive the motion of the Head or dispute of their significations Provided and furnished with these accommodations the Head can with what equipage is requisite at an instant attend the motion of the mind and atâ—empt and dispatch all the important negociations and patheticall affaires of â—he will or Appetite Dissect I. WHen wee assent affirme yield grant vote confirme confesse admit allow or approve of a thing c. wee â—re wont to Nod or bend our head forward Galen ascribes this motion to the Head where he saith Flexio fit annuendo which Vesalius expounding sayes He meanes of â—hat motion whereby wee bend or incline our Head forward in assent or approbation The naturall reason of which motion in these senses is an approving which is made by the Imagination seeing oâ— hearing somewhat done or said which accordeth very well and this power remaineth in the Braine or forepart of the Head wherein the Cell and Seate of the Imagination is when any of these thing give it contentment suddenly it moveth the same and after it all the Muscles oâ— the Body especially of the Head the chiefe Sphere of its activity and so many times we allow of witty sayings 〈◊〉 actions by bowing downe or Nodding of the Head The Muscles appointed in a Right motion of the Head to exhibit the yielding flexibility of the will anâ— the upper portion onely of the pain of Muscles commonly called masteiâ—dean or the mamillary paire because inserted into the Dug-like processe of thâ— Temples arising with a double originall distinguished with a certaine cavity whereof one begins at the top of thâ— Sternon the other proceedes from thâ— higher part of the Clavicula where it iâ— joyned to the Sternon Seated in thâ— forepart of the Necke under the squaâ—â— Muscle of the Cheekes For when this part of the aforesaid Muscle enjoyes the action alone the Head it selfe onely by the first fibres which are infixed into the first and second vertâ—bre is moved to assent Which portion insooth hath sometimes a peculiar and cleere circumscription or delineation which answers in proportion to those small Muscles which are behind for since the significations that are performed by the Head alone are very short and light and the Head being heavy by reason of its weight is easily depressed or let downe â—o the anterior parts two such small Muscles were sufficient for this action If â—ny man would make triall to find after what manner this significant motion of â—he Head is done having got a fresh huâ—ane carkasse the other parts besides â—he ligaments of the vertebres being â—aken away driving the Head foreward â—nd backward with his hands He shall â—asily perceive it to move first by it selfe â—nd shall thence conjecture the small Muscles inserted straight into the Head 〈◊〉 be the chiefe authoâ—s of the motion Note that wheras this just flexion of assent is caused by the Heads urging and impelling the second vertebre by the benefit of the ligament of the Tooth the Muscles on each side working together So if the Right Muscle only be contracted the Head drawne by oblique fibres obliquely assents Leftward the Left Muscle onely working the Head assents forward but to the Right Hand which you may see represented in the raines of a Horse But nothing can better shew you how to conceive of the office and function of these Muscles than if you should put a garter athwart about the hinder part of the Head bringing it from above the ears on each side-down to the breast for if you afterwards draw both the endâ— of the garter together the Head wil give a just Nod of assent but if you pull the ends by turns one after another you wilâ— cause Collaterall Nods such as wee usâ— when the partyes to whom we make thâ— signe are on one side of us Now finâ— these Small Muscles commonly accounted the upper portion of the mastoidean 〈◊〉 Mammillary paire though their propeâ— circumscription seeme to give them thâ— Delineations of a Distinct paire afforâ— the Dug-like process of indulgency expressed by assenting Nods giving them a proper
a circular motion though theâ—â— is no exact circular motion in the Head but semi-circular only for we cannot â—urne our Head in orbe that is quite round may be done the Neck quiescent if you strive to look by turnes to the Right Hand and to the Left by a circumversion of your Head for after what manner soever you order the posture of your Neck this semi-circumaction of the Head is commodiously performed For when men bend their Neck and the Head inclined therewith as Sheâ—pe-biters in their shamefull feare and rustâ—ck bashfulnesse are wont to do Or if the Neck be extended as in Refusall and Dislike it usually is and in feare and jealousie and dread which makes a man circumspect and to weare his Beard as the Spanish Proverb saies upon one shoulder Or if the Neck be Loftily extended as in proud men who look aside upon men as they say over one shoulder Or whether the Neck be bent down laterally to one shoulder as in â—anguishing of the Mind in all these we may easily maintaine the gyre or circumaction of the Head which ability of motion was ordered to the Head out of an obsequious regard to the eye for that which is behind cannot otherwise bee seene by the eye unlesse the conversion of the Head relieved the Defect and when we need more then this Capitall Semi-circumvolution the thighes helpe to turne the Body round So that the mind is every way fitted with Muscles for circumspection and wary heede So that the same Muscles which before were called the Recusants might in reference to these affections of the mind be called Musculi Timoris Pudoris Rusticani Contemptus The Muscles of Feare Rustique Bashfulnesse and Contempt or amici circumspectionis the Friends of Circumâ—pection Dissect VI. LIght Displeasure makes us shake our Head and casts it into a short Ague of Distaste which gesture we also use when we Dissallow chide forbid rebuke condemne doubt lament condole repent c. which action is nothing els but a sloe and definite trembling and an effect arising from the same cause that trembling and horror doe namely from the retyring of the Spirits but in a lesse degree The muscles by whose operation this important motion is produced are the oblique Muscles of Dislike moving reprocally by short turnes and so duplifying the single motion of oblique Disallowance into a redoubled and more ample circle of Distaste ¶ The quick succession of the same oblique Muscles of one side working alone and their fellowes on the other side taking it by turnes to maintaine the rotation accomplisheth also that motion of thâ— enraged and frantick fury of the mind which wheeles and swings about the Head in the voluntary and giddy vertigo of Phrensie or Bacchanalian fury And because some latter Anatomists have gone about to take away this act of circumversion from the Head if you desire to see â—his motion having gotten a Humane Carkasse endeavour to remove all the â—arts which are laid over the Head and Neck the ligaments onely left then â—ut that part of the skull which is coveâ—ed with haire with a saw in orbe and â—raw out the Braine with a portion of â—he Spinall marrow afterwards bid aâ—other to comprehend the skull on both sides with his Hands and to hold firme the first and second vertebre that while you shake the Head you may try whether it may be moved after this manner to the sides and in orbe insooth this motion although in it selfe somewhat obscure and is tryed in a dead Body which is not onely destitute of naturall heate but hath also by reason of cold the ligaments almost contracted yet it is not so smal that it may not answer these small Muscles which cause it and which have no other office than to accommodate the significations of this motion Dissect VII IN Supplication tendernesse of love and humility servile respect flattery reverence and obsequious regard c. â— moderate bowing the head to one side is ofteâ— used the better to move others to coâ—passion by that languishing posture 〈◊〉 the Head This oblique motion is of 〈◊〉 second kind of motions and of the 〈◊〉 differences wherein an oblique motioâ— may be done this may be truely call oblique which motion is peculiar 〈◊〉 private to the Neck according to Vâ—â—â—salius who challengeth this as a peculiar for the Head obtaines no peculiar motion of laterall inclination but is carried to the side by the benefit of the Neck onely and by a secondary motion for the Neck unmov'd and rigid we have no power granted us to bring the Head â—ny way towards this or that Scapula â—ntill the Necke be turned thither The â—ntimations of the mind that are exhiâ—ited by this laterall motion of the Neck have no peculiar Muscles assign'd â—nto their action there being not parâ—â—cular and private Muscles allow'd to very motion of the mind energetically â—orking out its signification by the moâ—â—on of the Head for this oblique moâ—â—on is perform'd when one of the Flexâ—â—s and Extensors of the Neck work toâ—â—ther Eustachius sees nothing to hinder yet he will not affirme it rashly that 〈◊〉 significations of the mind may be 〈◊〉 exhibited when two Muscles of 〈◊〉 same side yet of diyers yoakes or â—â—njugations to wit the forward and 〈◊〉 hindermost from the Head inserted â—o the transverse processe of the first 〈◊〉 work together for the Detriment of moving which necessary followed the security of the Article of the Head is sufficiently recompensed by Nature with the multitude magnitude various situation of Muscles So that 〈◊〉 the Flexors and Extensors of one side 〈◊〉 contracted together the Head following the motion of the Neck is driven to the Right or left Hand wherein they obteine their situation and according 〈◊〉 these worke more or lesse by reason 〈◊〉 their fibres this straight obliquity 〈◊〉 more emphaticall And although theâ—â— being no proper Muscles assign'd to 〈◊〉 action the Muscles that cause it 〈◊〉 no peculiar Denomination yet we maâ— call that Flexor and Extensor when the appeare working together especialâ—â— upon the same Right side 〈◊〉 Supplicationis or Adulationis the 〈◊〉 of Supplication or adulation or the 〈◊〉 flatterers ¶ In extraordinaâ—â— languishment of the Spirits and in 〈◊〉 or wantonnesse of the mind 〈◊〉 Head usually is seen to fall to the Rigâ—â— Shoulder But why this Caput 〈◊〉 or mollitiei this head of languishment effeminacy should alwayes sinke to 〈◊〉 Right shoulder is a subtilty worth the Scanning Baldus thinkes that in these maladyes of the mind the Neck and Head may incline more to the Right hand than to the Left because the Muscles on the Left side are more easily resolv'd than those of the Right as being â—esse nourished for that it is more cold â—nd weaker than the Right which happens because it is lesse moved and exercized Now sinâ—e they who are drenched â—n these maladyes of the mind cannot â—ncline their Heads backward nor forâ—ard in regard of the
and of so great importance to the functions of the Soule that the Antients by one common consent named it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quasi mentem vel mentis sedem and they thought that Phrensies and Delirations arose from thence Therefore it is no marvell if Laughter also should be first wrought by this part since it is swift and expedite to swift motions being a broad Muscle and most plentifully abounding with Sense and Spirit which is equally dilated through it for Laughter is accounted to be as a certaine Dilation and is withall the prime Instrument of Spiration which appeares to be in a manner the substance of Laughter which Aristotle affirmes where he saith that for this cause the tickling one under the Armes causeth this affection because the Midriffe is fastened in that part whereby it easily opens and moves the Sense of this Muscle besides our Will which indeed is somewhat apparent to Sense for in any the least Laughter the Midriffe is manifestly removed and retracted and the beginning of motion being made there the other parts as the Lungs and Muscles of the Face are forthwith stirred and moved But because the Midriffe is in no manner a principall part of the body nor the chiefe seat of the Soule or of any faculty therefore neither doth it seeme Consentaneous it should be accounted the prime Principle of Laughing wherefore for some reasons the Body of the Heart hath been by some adjudged the prime seat and original of Laughter But Physicians who upon the best ground make the Braine to be primum Sensitivum affirme the Braine to be the Prime Principle of Laughing but this affection to be made common by consent to the Diaphragma and that it therefore is the prime Instrument because it begins to be formed and to appeare by this part the other parts thereupon administring to the operation wherein it is necessary to use a Distinction for the better clearing of the Point for it is one thing to be the prime and neerest Principle and another thing to be the â—rime manifestative Instrument and perâ—ective of the Forme the Braine is acknowledged the prime and nearest Principle but the Midriffe is the prime manifestative Instrument and perfective 〈◊〉 the Forme Now the Diapragma 〈◊〉 operation is so evidently seen in 〈◊〉 Face its motion in this passion beinâ— attended with so many motions of 〈◊〉 Face and Body is a Muscle the most 〈◊〉 nowned and famous as the spring of 〈◊〉 the orall motions whose honourabâ—â— names sufficiently prove its Excellency having obteined a figure peculiar anâ— common to no other Muscle beinâ— broad thin and orbicular and having 〈◊〉 beginning in its midst from whenâ—â— thick fibres run out as from the 〈◊〉 to the Circumference for it hath a 〈◊〉 of nervous Circle in the middle whicâ— is its originall about which anothâ—â— wholy fleshie consists by which the 〈◊〉 that go out of it are dispersed 〈◊〉 spread out to the Piripheria The 〈◊〉 proper and Emphaticall name it 〈◊〉 obteyned with the Greekes is 〈◊〉 froâ— the word 〈◊〉 that in Latine signiâ—â— sapere which with us is to savour or 〈◊〉 like for with this part we have a likiâ—â— of any object on a motion of inclinâ—â—tion unto it to which we are beholâ—â—ing as Plinie saies for all our men conceits and fine flashes This musculous Membrane being as it were the Timbrell of the Fantsie and the Heart which beaten upon by them the Muscles of the Face and Body are put into motion and dance unto the Dorian melody thereof a kind of Morisko expressed in the exultant action of the parts into which they are inserted deserves to be called Musculus hilaritatis seu facetiarum the Muscle of Ioy Mirth and Laughter or of witty conceit or the Muscle of the motion of inclination Anger Indignation and Envy affect the Muscles of the Face with a kind of Laughter improperly enough called Sardonian which being according to Nature is conteined in the other Laughâ—er yet there is some difference neither do all things which accompany the other naturall Laughter appeare exactly is this there may be perchance the same motion of the parts and almost the same Figure of the Face but no Sign of Joy or Mirth but almost alwaies sadnesse for the front is cloudy and contracted and indeed the Lips only and Teeth are affected in which adulterate Laughter men doe Labijs tantum 〈◊〉 enis malis ridere or ringere rather 〈◊〉 ridere Feare also and a Sudden fright 〈◊〉 Spectrum especially if it bee horribâ—â— ridiculous hath the same effect somâ—â—times upon the Muscles of the Faâ—â— there being certaine effects that doe nâ—â—turally breake out into contraries iâ—â—sinuating not themselves into the Bodâ— corporally as they say and subjectivâ— but immaterially and objectivè invaâ—â— our senses for the Spirits or Radicaâ— moisture by which we know on a suâ—â—den perceiving some sad object 〈◊〉 spectre and evill doth perchance fear and flying back betakes it selfe in manner wholly to its intimate Towâ— or Fort therefore it contracts the meâ—â—bers and especially the Muscles of tâ—â— Face as the part by which the Spectruâ— breakes in most upon our minds anâ— Spirits Weeping is a motion contrary iâ— signification to laughter representinâ— also some motion of the mind that 〈◊〉 by Laughter the heart is Dilated 〈◊〉 with it the Breast and the Muscles o◠〈◊〉 Face So by this they are 〈◊〉 But in the Face by Laughter the parts â—â—out the mouth are more emphatically â—â—fected but in weeping the parts about â—â—e Eye which compression expresseth â—â—ares else there is little difference in â—â—eir lines as Painters observe which â—onsequently requires the action of the â—â—me Muscles in both which is not by â—â—ny influence of the lively Spirit which 〈◊〉 Laughter replenisheth the counteâ—â—nce causing the eyes to sparkle and 〈◊〉 the Muscles of the Cheekes with a â—â—btle vapour But the contraction of â—he Cheekes in weeping seemeth to 〈◊〉 from an excrementitious vapour â—hich passeth with the humiditie of â—â—ares from the Braine into the Cheeks â—nd forceth Nature to make contractiâ—n to dischardge it selfe of that vapour â—oyned with the consent which is beâ—â—ixt the Muscles of the Jawes and lips â—ith the Midriffe whose remission and â—ontraction being hastned by the conâ—raction of the Heart in griefe conâ—â—acteth also the aforesaid Lips and â—â—eekes which it causeth by the fourth â—nd sixt paire of Nerves derived into both parts from the marrow of the Chine-bone in the Neck These are also the cause of the whole deformity of the Face in griefe which chiefly contracteth the visage in expiration in which the heart hath more power over the Midriffe being slacken'd than in inspiration wherin by dilating of the Chest for use of breath it is extended Memb. III. Of the Muscles appertaining to the ForeHead or the Browes and Eye-browes and employed by the mind in the significant motions thereof THE skin of the Forehead is significantly moved according to the pleasure of
in all Dissectors But having had 〈◊〉 opportunity since this Designe to observe any one that had this knack oâ— auricular motion I shall not suffer my Fantsie to drive far after a seeming Personality our Scope being to describâ— such Actions only which are generally and universally used by all men as apparent significations of their Mind 〈◊〉 and indeed there could be little use oâ— such a Nicetie since few wise men delight much to shew their Eares But aâ— Columbus would not describe these Muscles because they were but rarely found yet confesseth he had found two of them and at last that he had observed Eare like unto Brutes in men which I suppose he meant of their motion So â— shall leave others to guesse what proportion these Auricular motions in meâ— do hold with the moveable Eares oâ— Beasts who participate with us in point of Animal motion It is well knowâ— that most of Creatures that have nâ— Countenance to expresse the variation of their Sensitive Appetites and Imagination do expresse their Senses by certaine motions or wagging of their Eareâ— for when they are fearefull or affrighted they do auriculis micare wag their Eares â—uccessively erecting and depressing or â—anging one Eare the other erect when â—hey are faint and weary their Eares lanâ—uish when they are erect or furious they 〈◊〉 up tâ—eir Eares when they are sick â—heir Eares flag and appeare as it were â—esolv'd Now as in other Creatures â—he motions of the Eâ—re have their diâ—â—inct significations so no question they â—ave in those men in whom they are â—erceived to move and in most of us 〈◊〉 we had subtiltie enough to note them â—nd such an open conveniency of obserâ—ation as we have foâ— Auricular motions 〈◊〉 Beasts Memb. VII â—f the Muscles that serve to the Significations of the Mind exhibited by the motions of the Nose THe whole Nose is not indeed moved but only the inferior Cartilaâ—â—nous parts which Anatomists are wont â—o call the Wings of the Nose which â—â—nce they are movable and were to be â—oved by a voluntary motion there was a necessity that Muscles should be inserted into them for although their chiefe significations may seeme to be performed by the Muscles of the Lips insomuch as they also touch the Wings of the Nose even as the first Muscle of the Cheekes or Face is inserted into the root of the Nose Yet in those that have great Noses Anatomists constitute twofold Muscles peculiar to the Nose These move the Wings of the Nose with a voluntary motion the other part of the Nose remaining immoveable and being throughout connexed with the skin that lies over them it administers unto the Motion and Corrugation thereof So that it is apparent to the Eye that the Nose is moved with a voluntary motion So likewise it follows and is agreed upon that its motions are accomplished by Muscles although the Controversie be great among Anatomists concerning their Essence Originall Number Figure and Connexion absurd therefore is their opinion which deprives the Nose of all voluntary motion affirming that it is only lightly moved by the intervention and tract of inspired Ayre since this exterior motion of the Nose is so manifest and appeares so obedient unto our Will that no man but may perceive it especially since in the Dissection of the Nose you shall find Muscles which no skilfull Anatomists can deny to be the true Authors of this Action Dissect XXII SAgacity Nose-wisdome and Sensorious Derision cause a man to crispe and â—rinkle his Nose upwards the Nostrils being so raised and contracted that the Nose seemes crooked and hooked and by â—hat meanes becomes acute These significations of the Mind are exhibited â—y the Nose through the operation of â—hose Muscles of the Nose which are â—ommonly called Abducentes or Aperiâ—ntes or Dilatores the openers or stretchâ—ng Muscles which are two paire Casâ—â—rius indeed would have this to be â—ut one Muscle which hitherto hath â—een accounted double dilating the â—ostrills by drawing the Wings of the â—ose upwards that upon any exigency of Passion the Aire might have a more plentifull Ingresse and Egresse for otherwise this Muscle would be void of all employment yet somtimes being not sufficient alone for some extraordinary necessity it calls the Muscles of the Cheekes unto its aid yet when reason requires one part of it can act alone the other part resting from action But they are two paire the first paire drawing its originall from the Jaw-bone neere the first proper paire of the Lips is inserted partly into the lower wing of the Nose and partly into the higher part of the upper Lip called the Philtre The other paire covering both the sides of the Nose resembles a Triangle For it ariseth with an acute Origination from the top of the Nose and descending obliquely by the bones of the Nose it ends in a broad Basis and is implanted into the wings of the Nose Fallopius sayes there are certaine fleshy fibre not few of them arising from thâ— midle of the Eye-browes and the Spinâ— or Ridge of the Nose which descending obliquely are added to the firâ—â— paire and implanted into the pinnae oâ— sides of the Nose to draw or rivell it upwards which you may reckon for a paire of the Dilators of the Nostrills or for a part of the first paire it makes no matter which so we know the use of of it in this revulsive action and indeed these second paire are very properly by Dr. Rhead called Erectores or the Raisers upwards When these two paire worke together and are forcibly contracted to their Heads the wings of the Nose are drawn outward and upward whereby the Nostrills are not a little dilated and the skin of the Nose and the adjacent parts most ironically wrinkled and because they are continued to the Muscles of the Lips the upper Lip is drawn up together with the Nose which sets a speaking emphasis upon the Action Now because Nose-wisemen use this action Snuffing up the wind withall as if they smelt somewhat amisse and that they arise from between the Eye-browes which are the naturall Censors of the Face and the thrones of Judicature obliquely descending to draw men as with a proboske before the tribunall of judgement And the Nose which from its acutenesse in this action is often put for judgement and dedicated to dry Derision or Sagacity These Muscles might be significantly and most properly in reference to the employment they have from the mind bee called Musâ—uli Sagacitatis vel Censoriae judicationis The Muscles of Sagacity or Censorious judgement Dissect XXIII CHoler fuming and precipitate anger or furious madnesse cause a man to blow up and downe his nostrills with wind with which sudden and fiery sufflations the nostrills seeme to smoke like a Furnace Galen seemes to be of opinion that the first part of this action of the Nostrills was caus'd by no Muscles but by inspiration onely and that in vehement inspirations the wings of the
of the perverse Cheeke happens by reason of the shortnesse of its Muscle for every motion that proceedes from the will seemes to be done by the attraction of the Muscles to those parts whence they arise neither could the attraction of the other Cheeke be done unlesse the opposite Muscle were drawn back to its originall whence it appeares that the Depraved figure of the Mouth or Symptome of the function of the voluntary mover hurt called by Physicians the Cynique Spasme which this action seemes to counterfeit by this account differs onely from the Naturall that it is done besides our will the Convulsion driving the Nerves and Muscles to the same affect to which they are led by the Animall Faculty when they keepe their naturall habit the Muscles are contracted into their proper heades and with them they rivell that part into which they are inserted which indeede is common to the naturall and praeter-naturall Plaise-mouth or Dog-Spasme This ridiculous action proceeding from a Detracting Disposition of the mind is performed by the square Muscle of the Cheeke by Spigelius called Detrahens Quadratus the first that suffers convulsion in those that are falling into the Cynique Spasme the varying conduct of the fibres of which Muscle some being straight some oblique and some transverse are to be well considered of by Chirurgions in their incisions in these parts which some not knowing by an over free cutting of the transverse fibres overthwart have caused both Cheekes to run as plucked to one side This is a thin Muscle although broad and large lying hid next under the skin of the Neck and encompassing the whole upper Jaw in the Face draweth its origen from the regions of the snigs of the Vertebres of the Neck the externall part of the Neck the Scapula clavicula and the Breast Bone ascends by degrees with oblique fibres to the Face and is implanted into that part of the Chin where the upper Lip is joyned unto the lower This Muscle which covers the Face and out of which the Muscles of the Nostrills Eye-browes and Lips are made being contracted unto it selfe by aid of those oblique and transverse fibres it hath the Cheeke we command is drawne awry the Nose Eye-browes and Lips following the obliquity of that motion thereby making this Ironie of gesture most compleat for the Cheeke the Seate of laughter leading the Nose with dry mockery or Derison followes the Lips obsequious by a silent Detraction manifest their agreement to the motion of the Nose and though they two are in the midle yet both agree to assist this action on the side stage of Derision while the Censorious Eye-browes overlooking by a motion of assent and concurrence applaude the Irony From the signification of Detraction which this Scheme or figure of motion aptly expresseth this Muscle may retaine the name of Musculus Detrahens and be called the Detracter Detractions by Solomon being aptly called Detrahentia labra Detracting lips alluding for all wee know to this action of the Cheekes the Lips alwayes moving when this square Muscle moves which is common to them and the Cheekes Dissect XXV ANger Swelling indignation Pride Disdaine Arrogancy and Ambitious love of praise puff up the Cheekes of selfe-conceited men and make them looke big upon others Spigelius thinks this motion is not performed by the help of any Muscle but onely happens by the relaxation of the fibres of the Muscle Buccinator while the breath is reteined in the hollow of the Mouth the lips being shut this Muscle is Distended which makes the greatest part of the Cheeke But the Muscle Buccinator being so called from the similitude at least of this affectation of the mind comprehending all that part which is blown up when we sound a Trumpet is commonly assign'd to this action and consequently to the signification of this affectation of the mind A Muscle thin and membranous lying under the Square Detracter interwoven with divers fibres from whence its divers actions proceede and is scarce any thing else but a fleshy implexure of fibres this from the upper part of the Gums of the superior Jaw is terminated in the top of the Gums of the lower-Jaw in the manner of a circle which since it emulates a circle and in a circle what ever part is taken the same is both the beginning midle and the end it matters not whether you say it proceedes from the upper Gums into the lower or from the lower into the upper This Muscle according to our Designe of referring all names to the Affections of the Mind might be called Musculus Ambitiosus the Ambitious or selfe-conceited Muscle and there is a signature of the conceited Capacity of the Mind in the most capacious figure of this Muscle which is a Circle which thus put in motion by way of ostentation seemes to infer to others how far they can enlarge and extend the Sphere of their ability even to comprehend all within the compasse of their perfection and personall worth which least any man should not sufficiently understand they are so puffed in mind that they will straine themselves so far as to sound the Trumpet of their own Praise by making an unhandsome use of the Muscle Buccinator Nor is it altogether unsignificant that this selfe-conceited and praise-seeking Muscle lies underneath the Detracter for they that ambitiously arrogate to themselves the merits of applause are very apt to Detract from others and indeed Ambition and selfe-conceited Pride is but Detraction under a Visard But if the puffe of Anger swell this Orbicular Muscle he that puffes and chafes after this manner seemes to be his own Trumpeter and to sound defiance to those against whom he presents himselfe with Cheekes so inflate Dissect XXVI DEspaire makes the Cheeks to fall or sinke they who think the former affectation of the Mind to be performed by the help of no Muscle apposite to that action conceive this adduction or contraction of the Cheekes is performed by the Muscle Buccinator which with them is Contrahens alter as being designed by Nature unto it and â—t may well be by its Contraction or the Contraction of its fibres a motion quite opposite to that of Confidence â—elfe-conceit being a contrary affection â—r motion of the Mind But this action â—s not very remarkable unlesse in proud â—nd confident self-conceited men when â—hey are humbled by a counter-buffe of â—nquisition and the bladder of their â—ride is thereby pricked that makes â—hem look like the baffled Sons of Despaire Dissect XXVII CHeerefulnesse a pleasant and smiling Alacrity cause in many a Dimple in some part of the Cheeke which Anatomists call the Navell of Venus This is caused by the moving of the same Muscle Buccinator which after the manner of a Sphyncter encompasseth the Cheekes which when it is contracted and drawn in in some part of it makes that Pit or Dimple which so gracefully appeares in the Cheekes of some men Memb. IX Of the Muscles that serve the
Mind in the motions of the Lips and Mouth FOr the Declaring the Motions and Affections of the Mind the Lipâ— the cover of the Mouth were to be moved with a voluntary motion wherefore they have obteined Muscles without which no voluntary motion can 〈◊〉 performed for the expediting therefore the significant motions of thâ— Lips besides the Muscles common tâ— them and the Cheekes there arâ— foure paire of Muscles assigned unto them which is the most received opinion although Fallopius would adde â— new paire and Riolanus saies we may number eleven proper Muscles besides those two common to the Lips and Cheekes But their Muscles are but foure because there are but foure principall motions by which foure eight motions are performed Columbus saiâ—s that by mediation of those foure Labiall Muscles we performe twelve motions at the least for to every motion there are not peculiar Muscles dedicated but the same Muscles that lift them up draw them also awry to wit when one of the Attollents work alone whereas when they both act they cause a Right motion But they all upon occasion receive action and employment from the command of the Will These Muscles of the Lips are so mingled with the skin that the fibres do intersect themselves acrosse from whence the motions of the Lips are very divers for because the fibres are diversly mingled and enfolded together being of two kinds the Externall and Internall they do not only bring forth Divers but Contrary motions But the Commistion of the Lips with the skin is most admirable for here you cannot say they are laid under and that they do adhere and cleave to above as in the Front and other parts of both the Jaws seeing that in these we can distinguish and determinate in perspicuous limits where the Muscle truly ends and when the skin ariseth But in the Lips the permistion is so throughout that both are abolished and confused in one another as you cannot say this is a Muscle and this skin which is common and conflate of both neither in the whole or if you should divide them in parts but you may rightly call them either cutaceous Muscles or a Musculous skin Galen where he reckons the severall kinds of skins in the Body counts this the fourth kind in which the Muscles are lost and as we may so say confounded together with it for the foure beginnings of those Muscles which come to the Lips are perspicuous indeed and manifest before they are mingled with the skin but afterwards are to be found no more and cannot be separated from its substance insomuch as he holds it worth our serious consideration whether Anatomists speak truly or properly in saying both the Lips are moved by Muscles obliquely inserted into them or whether we might rather say that the Muscles of both are ex toto cuticular but assisted by the fibrous Muscles which Fungous and very moveable substance and unusuall composition deservedly accrewd unto the Lips by reason of their peculiar action for unlesse the substance had been ordered after this manner those Actions the Signes of the Affections of the Mind could not possibly have been done as now they are or so significantâ—y expressed neither could the Lips have had such variety of important moâ—ions But hereby so singular and renowned is the choice substance of the Lips and the various movings for which â—hey were ordained that they are soon â—eady to any kind of use and action â—hat the Will can call for or require Dissect XXVIII THey who Contend and Dispute with some beate of Anger when â—hey heare their Adversary and go about â—o answer them are observed to open â—he Mouth and lift up their upper Lip This motion is performed by the first paire of proper Muscles of the Lips commonly called Attollens Labrum superius The Attollent of the upper Lip which ariseth out of the first bone of the upper Jaw where the Ball of the Cheeke is and is inserted into the sides of the upper Lip neare the Wings of the Nostrills when this whole Paire works together it lifts the Lip straight upwards from whence this Muscle might be called Musculus logisticus the Logistique or Contentious Muscle oâ— the wrangling Disputant But although this Muscle be chiefe operator in thiâ— motion yet we must note with Galen that the whole substance of the Lip doth much advance the Action Notâ— also that when this motion is donâ— straight upward with the whole Lipâ— then the whole Paire work together But when one side of the Lip is obliquely lifted up then one of them is only employed Dissect XXIX ANger and Discontent of mind cause one to pout or put out thâ— Lower-Lip who are then said to hanâ— the Gib an action most commonly â—eene in children when they are angred Which motion is performed by the Muscle of the Lower-Lip commonly called Deprimens proceeding from that lowe and interior Seate of the Lower-Jaw where there is a certaine asperity protuberating as it were to the sides of the Chin and by and by obliquely ascending is inserted into the midst of â—he Lip which Muscle from this action might be properly called Musculus â—ristitiae the sad or discontented Muscle Dissect XXX THey who would Mock Deride and Contemne others use to shoote out and bow back the Lower-Lip this Action as I take it is performed by the Discontented Muscle when the externall fibres of the lower-Lip are strained â—nd stretched out not a little assisted by the fungous substance of the Lips which â—s easily filled and being replenished protuberates and because this outward Deflection of the lower-Lip which Galen reckons among the straight moâ—ions of the Lip is performed chiefely by the operation of the externall fibres of the Lip they Deserve to be called Fibres Sarcasmi the mocking or contâ—â—melious fibres Dissect XXXI THey who Scorne and Deride others are many times seene to Distort or wrest their Mouth by drawing it to one side Like unto the Mouth of a Plaise or in resemblance of the Cynique Spasm This ironicall and voluntary Torture of the mouth is caused by the operation of the Second paire of the Muscles of the Lips commonly call'd Abducens or ad latera trabens which arising from the Cavity under the balls of the Cheeks is inserted into that place where the Lips meete together and are conjoyned This motion being assisted by the Common Muscle of the Cheekes and Lips commonly call'd the Square or Detrahent Muscle of the Cheekes by us call'd the Muscle of Detraction whose oblique fibres doe not a little Contribute to the signification of the mind exhibited by this oblique motion of the Lips From which operation the Muscles Abducent have in this signification of the mind they might bee properly called Sanniones the Scoffers or the Muscles of Scorne and Derision Note that this signification of the mind may be exhibited by the mouth drawn to both sides or either side according as the whole paire or one alone doth act
without the assistance of the Square Muscle of Detâ—action which hâ—th great coherence with the Chin Contempt and Mockery being never without some kind of Detraction ¶ There is also a naturall Reason for this Action of these Muscles in greedy attention because the Mind is furthered in that matter by this Action for out of the very fift paire the Auditory Nerve there are remarkable branches sent to the Pallâ—te the Bone Hyodes and the Larynx in the mouth wherefore from thence that is by the mouth sounds may be conveyed to the Eares even to the Tympanum for distinction therefore we call them Musculos avidae attentionis the Greedy Gapers or Muscles of the attentive bent of the Mind You might call them as well Musculos otiosae expectationis the Muscles of idle expectation Dissect XXXVI IN some tedious beavinesse of Mind in the Dislike and wearinesse of our absent mind in the wandrings and 〈◊〉 loose and manifest security thereof we ofâ— are drawn to Yawne an extreme figure as they call it of the lower Jaw wherein the Lips are most distant from one another one protended upwards towards the Nose the other drawn down towards the Chin and with Galen is one of the two Right motions of the Lips which are altogether straight These significations of the Mind are performed by the same Muscles as the former motion is which might likewise hence receive the name of musculi oscitantes or oscedinis the yawning Double-bellied Muscles but more properly in reference unto the affection of the Mind we might call them Musculos Hallucinantes vel fluxae Securitatis the Nauseous Muscles or the Muscles of wandring Security This Oscitation how ever some speak is from the Animal Faculty and therefore is performed by Muscles and is done by the Muscles of the Face as it were dilated by deliberation that the crude vapour may go out as Pandiculation is a Deliberate Action of the other Muscles of the Body Neither need it to trouble any one seeing a thing that is done out of Deliberation and which seemes to proceed from Prudence to be done by Infants and of us without considering of it for Nature as Hippocrates saies is Learned without a Teacher These are done by a certaine Instinct but not such as most men take to be Naturall for we understand this Action to be voluntarily done because when we please we can begin it and restraine it And when we make others yawn it is not done so much by Sympathy as by consent of parts conspiration to Action for our voluntary motion is done somtimes by Deliberation and sometimes by Imagination Imagination alwaies prevents and goes before Deliberation when therefore the Muscles of the Temples and Cheekes conteine any vapour by Imagination when one yawnes others are moved with that moving and so they move the Faculty not so much to expel as to be a deponent to lay down the windy burden with which the Muscles were charged Dissect XXXVII THey who by silence would expresse the reverence and regard they have of those who are in presence use to close their mouth and hold their Lips together which is performed by the moving of the Temporall attollent Muscle which filling the whole cavity of the Bone of the Temples has its beginning from the bone of the Forehead Synciput Temples and Cuniformis is at last inserted with a strong Tendon into the processe of the lower Jaw When this Temporall paire work together they bring the lower Jaw to the upper and so close the mouth which is held so still in the posture of silence by the Tonique action of the same Muscles which for the most part is Tonique unlesse when we speake or sleepe open mouth'd for when we sleepe with our mouth closed the Tonique action of these Muscles is preserved Dissect XXXVIII ANger Indignation Griefe Dispaire Jealousie Wonder Admiration and evill Cogitations Cause men many times to bite their Lips an Action which they also use who meditate and threaten revenge which affections of the mind are expressed in thâ— Lips and Teeth by the operation of the internall fibres of the Lips and the strong Compression of the Teeth occasioned by the forceable working of the temporall Muscles Dissect XXXIX ANger Cruell virulency in those that Threaten Revenge Envy and Virulent Mockery and Insultation make men sometimes gnash and grind with their teeth and to set them so firmely together that the Cheekes are drawn in oâ— adverse partes This actionâ— and virulent expression of the Mind also is performed by the violent Compression of the Teeth by the strong force of the Temporall Muscle Memb. X. Dissect XL. IN Derision Scoffing insultation and contumelious Despight men are seene sometimes to lill out their tongue 〈◊〉 those they Scoff deride Concerning this significant motion of the Tongue Auerrâ—â—es is of opinion that it is not done by the aid of the Muscles but by a proper motion and would prove thereby that the Nerve and not the Muscle is the first and necessary principle of motion But Columbus and most Anatomists are of the contrary opinion Galen indeed is very Scepticall about this motion and hath placed it among doubtfull and obscure motions which he was not well satisfied 〈◊〉 for sayes he the Tongue doth not seeme when it is extended out in length to go uniformely out of the mouth for it covers the lower Lip and descends somewhat to the Chin and that is by reason of the Bridle which is beneath it before we find not the cause by reason whereof the Tongue is prolix or prolonged untill it be visibly put out of the mouth No motion obeyes the will but the motion of a Muscle and no Muscle continued to the tongue distends it untill it bring it forth of the mouth hence for good reason we fall to staggering when wee would know after what manner this action of the Tongue is done and if any motion could bee found in the Body which is done by the will without any Muscle there had no ambiguity fallen into this question Indeed there is a rarity and porofity in the Tongue as in the virile member but that there should bee such virtue in it as we observe the appetite to instill into that Petulant part so that it moves with competent motion and thrusts it selfe out of the mouth how this should bee done that is to be considered And yet the action in kissing which some beastly Leachers use when their veines are inflate with lust would enduce one to think that there were some analogy between the extension of these two unruly members The difference betweene the erection of both parts is that the virile member is not onely encreased in length but in thicknesse and compasse but the Tongue onely in length being not increased in all the dimensions of its body when it goes out of the mouth And because they who use this Action of the Tongue doe it before they can thinke or understand with what
its end But â—his Reason is false as Bartholinus proves â—or the Principle or Beginning of the Tongue is neare the Larynx and as â—t were arising out of the Bone Hyodeâ— Againe the Bâ—gining of a Muscle is â—mmoveable but they have a moveable â—nd but it is contrary in the Tongue whose end is rather immoveable than â—s beginning Therefore it is manifest â—hat the Tongue cannot be numbred â—mong Muscles But this Reason as the â—ther is rejected as contrary to the â—cular faith of Anatomie grounded upâ—â— sight of the thing done Therefore â—â—ere is either somewhat that is moved â—â—luntarily besides a Muscle or all the â—otions of the Tongue are to be attriâ—uted to its Muscles Casserius freely deâ—â—vers his opinion in this matter It cannot be but the Tongue should bâ— endued with a proper motion and thaâ— likewise voluntary for it is moved after so many manner of waies and agitated unto so many parts that iâ— were ridiculous to affirme all its motions to be performed by Muscles yet notwithstanding he will not therefore call the Tongue a Muscle but Musculous as partaking somewhat of thâ— Nature of a Muscle existing as a mean between a Glandulous and Musculous Flesh. But Fabricius ab Aquapendente a most industrious and acurate Anatomist and the Corypheus of all the Tribes of Dissectors who hath subtlely Anatomized all the Organs of Speech seemes to me to shew very good Reasons why the Tongue and Lips both should be Muscles that is for the Dexterity oâ— Speech and the more ready expressing the Affections of the Mind for 〈◊〉 Speech be made by motion and signifie the Affections of the Mind which are motions without all question thâ— moving of the Instruments must be answerable to the movings of the Mind but since nothing is swifter than thâ— Mind deservedly therefore the movings of the Tongue and Lips are very swift 〈◊〉 those which are to follow the motiâ—ns of the Mind It is fit therefore as â—ature would have it that such moâ—ions should not be performed by the Muscles of the Tongue and Lip but onâ—â— from their Body as they are Muscles â—f themselves The Tongue and Lips â—â—ve Muscles as they have Muscles thâ—y â—re moved of another and therefore â—ower but as they are Muscles they â—ove of themselves and that most â—wiftly roled and driven and for this â—ause the Lips and Tongue were made Muscles the Tongue and the Lips iâ—â—locution are moved of themselves in â—ther Actions not only of themselves â—ut by another that is by the Muscles â—nd that for celerity and expedition 〈◊〉 since Nature with that which in â—oving requires no great strength reâ—â—ires also the quicknesse of motion 〈◊〉 makes the parts to be moved of â—â—emselves by mingling the Motory â—ower with the Part to be moved as in â—e Tongue and Lips which since â—â—ey were not to agitate a Bone but most light Aire and to performe 〈◊〉 quick motions in speaking for 〈◊〉 cause we judge Speech to be done withâ—out the Ministry of the Muscles only 〈◊〉 the Body of the Lips and Tonguâ— which if it should not be so done thâ— Affections of the Mind would be 〈◊〉 slower in their Delivery So that thâ— Tongue is not the chiefe Instrument 〈◊〉 Speech in regard of its Similar subâ—stance such as is not in the Body 〈◊〉 in motive Actions we must not looâ— for a similar part to be the next 〈◊〉 of motion because in that it is a coâ—â—pounded Action it requires a compouâ—â—ded part which is the cause of an Actioâ— But only as it is movable it is 〈◊〉 in as much as it hath received the Facuâ—â—ty of moving is a Muscle Deserved therefore according to our Modell 〈◊〉 Denomination may the Tongue anâ— Lips be called Musculi Rationationis 〈◊〉 orationis the Muscles of Discourse 〈◊〉 Orall Reason Creatori Capiti nostro in Quo movemuâ— Cephaledoulia in Excelsis FINIS Ad eminentissimi acuminis scientificum utriusque Physiognomiae Protomysten GRata Manus Facies nunc est gratissima nobis Quae doctâ vultus mobilitate placet â—ondita Myotomus nobis mysteria pandis Organa aspectus mira patere facis â—elineas Mures talparum more moventes Musculus oâ— tenerum flectit ad omne Pathos 〈◊〉 vultus Rector moderaris habenas Affectus Fons est Frons Origo Caput Oculâ—s sic ipse Manus sic Ora movebas At nunc in Causâ—s ingeniosus eris â—cta vides Pulcra est Concordia cordis Oris Dextram Myologi Pathologia petit â—iqua temnas quasi sesquipedalia verba Nomina quae signant dum propiorâ— dabis â—tomia nova haec veterum quam nemo priori Tentare ausus hoc tempore nemo Novus Admirari prope â—es fuit una at Amice â—e non mirari est res odiosa nimis To the daring Advancer of all Somaticall Science his Selected Friend on his PATHOMYOTOMIA THou Grand Adventurer wits Magellan To whom our Microsme or Isle of man By thy all searching Pen's so throughly 〈◊〉 There 's now no part in us an unknown land How thriving is thy Fleet in new Designes To bring home not the Minerall but the Mines This Pathologicall Anatomy Deare Friend hath wound our admiration higâ— A strange Essay indeed that dares to trace All the rare Springs and Wards that move a 〈◊〉 To make Anatomy by Muscles wind The swiftest motions of the minged Mind Natures high piece of Clockworke this You 〈◊〉 Reason the Spring winds up the Muscâ—es all Like wheels move this or that way swift or sloe As the Affections Weight doth make them go All the Soules motion 's seen the Head and Face Discovering all as through a Cristall Case Here the Affections keep an open Marte By Patent seal'd by thy Cephalick Art This Itchnographie of thy Art do's smile A promise on us of some stately pile And puts us in good hope abroad to see That Masterpiece of Physiognomie Thy Magisteriall Quintessence of Bookes Or extract Scientificall of lookes Then that whereby as a Face-Prophet shewn Thou know'st the Affections ' are the Bodyes own Whence subtilely thou 'rt wont to ken trace The Critciall Disease-discovering Face That though the humors bedded are within Yet thou canst track their footsteps in the skin Strange secrecy of Art and mysticall To cast our Faces as an Vrinall Nay by a strangers Face well copyed out For to pronounce by Art He hath the Goute Such are thy common Aguries we may Sure trust thy skil that doth such beames display The last Yeare stil'd you Deafe Dumbe mans friend Now Thy Design more deeper doth descend I see Thy knowledge and invention flowes As far in man as Sense and Motion goes Then take the Chair where maist Thou Doctorall sit Command our health's as Thou hast done our wits Lure down thy soaring Truths salve every doubt And by convincing practice make them out To Faith-bound Sceptiques who count nothing good Till flat experience make it understood Now to the Art-forsaken Deafe dispence
Thy skill as Aurist to restore their sense Wert thou once known Surdasters would come on To court Thee for Thy Autocousticon Next as a Linguist teach the Dumb to breake Or pick the Padlock lets his Lips to speake Ransom each captivd tongue weak speech improve And the impediments thereof remove Then as a Motist by this healing light Set all our Heads depraved motions right And may successe attend while swelling Fame Fills up thy Sailes with an All-heaâ—ing name Tho Diconson Med. Templ Judicium 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 cujusdam de hoc opusculo in quo Sanctioris Anatomiae planènovae Specimen Lectoribus exhibetur QUI Manuum Loquelam reconditioris Philosophiae Mystes oculis suis primus hausit quiâ— Chirologiam spissum operosum opus primus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quatuor abhinc annis publici â—uris fecit is ipsus Autor ultra cutem corticem oculoâ—um scalpellum usque adeo Latenti Capitalium Musculorum Texturae pariter Indoli demersit ut hodie pererudiâ—um aliud cogitationum suarum audacis juxtà felicis industriae porâ—entum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 proditurae rudimentum prodiâ—erit Vulgaribus Anaâ—micis nostris Sciolorum Vappae â—ec visum usquam nec auditum Ac proinde nullius hic noster Manuductionem secutus nullius exempli premens vestigia motuum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 dilucidè nobis expedivit Quin ipsis Musculis Affectuum organis eorundem Pantomimis nomina concinnè aptavit indigitavit insuper Mentem quasi Corporis Navarcham ad clavum sedentem moderari Artuum funes eosdem huc illuc pro arbitrio remittere contrahere Qui ijdem Musculi dum Animi pathematis sese attemperant inserviunt ejusdem lineamenta depingunt quasi aspectui obvertunt exteriore modificatione suâ palam illa faciunt quae interiore impulsu machinamur Ut hic libellus omnibus reconditioris Anatomiae studiosis usui futurus sit voluptati Scripsit I. H. C. W. M. A Table shewing the chiefe Heads of the Sections of the Introduction to this Anatomicall Administration of the significative Muscles of the Affections of the Mind Sect. I. OF the Honour and Dignity of Animall Motion Sect. II. That a Muscle is the proper and adequate Agent of the voluntary and patheticall motions of the Mind outwardly expressed in the Body Sect. III. Of the Nature and Constitution of a Muscle Sect. IV. That the Appetite or will is the first Efficient cause but not the Chiefe cause of moâ—ion the Spirit and Faculty being the more propinque and conjunct cause and that besides the Commandement of the will the endeavour and intention of the mind is necessary thereunto Sect. V. That it is â—strange but not so wonderfull that Animall motion should be performed on such a sudden Sect. VI. That in all outward Actions the Soule commandeth either manifestly or obscurely and that wee are not stirred up to any such motion by nature or custome A Table shewing the Heads of the Dissections of the Anatomicall Essay describing the Muscles of those Affections which are more conspicuously emphaticall in the â—emonstrative Actions of the Head and Face The Proem The Prerogative of the Head in point of Arbitrary and Significant Motion Membr I. OF the Muscles the instruments of voluntary motion whereby the general significations of the Head are performed Dissect I. II.III.IV.V.VI.VII.VIII.IX The Anatomicall Administration of the Muscles of the Affections whose operations conduce to the generall actions of the Head Membr II. Of the Muscles serving to the generall expressions and most important motions of the Face or Countenance Dissect X. The Anatomicall Administration of those Muscles Membr III. Of the Muscles appertaining to the Forehead and the Browes or Eye-browes and employed by the Mind in the significant motions thereof Dissect XI and XII The Anatomicall Administration of those muscles Membr IV. Of the Muscles appointed to the Eyelids 〈◊〉 the expediting certain significant motiâ—â— of the Mind Dissect XIII XIIII The Anatomicall Administration of those â—â—scles Membr V. Of the Muscles which serve to expresse the significations of the Mind exhibited by the motions of the Eye Dissect XV. XVI.XVII.XVIII.XIX.XX The Anatomicall Administration of those Muscles Membr VI. Of the Muscles assigned the Eares as iâ— is likely for certaine significations of thâ— Mind Dissect XXI The Anatomicall Administration of thosâ— Muscles Membr VII Of the Muscles that serve to the signifiâ—cations of the Mind exhibited by the motion of the Nose Dissect XXII XXIII The Anatomicall Administration of the Muscles Membr VIII Of the Muscles active in the significaâ—â—â—ons of the Mind exhibited by the Cheekes Dissect XXIV XXV.XXVI.XXVII The Anatomicall Administration of thâ— Muscles Membr IX Of the Muscles that serve the Mind in the motions of the Lips and Mouth Dissect XXVIII XXIX.XXX.XXXI.XXXII.XXXIII.XXXIIII.XXXV.XXXVI.XXXVII.XXXVIII.XXXIX The Anatomicall Administration of those Muscles Membr X. Dissect XL. Of the Muscles serving the Tongue for some silent expressions of the Mind with the Anatomical administration of those Muscles Dissect XLI Of the Muscles serving to expresse all the vocall intentions and affections of the Mind exhibited by the motion of the Tongue and Lips and that for those purposes the Lips and Tongue were made Muscles Errata FOl. 47. line 9. read motions fol 107. l. 16· Larynx fol. 120. l. 26. They. fol. 119. l. 18. 〈◊〉 That fol. 204. l. 14. read revell An Introduction to the Dissection of the Muscles of the Affections of the Mind in apparent significations exhibited by the Head In six Sections comprizing the Philosophie and generall notions of voluntary motion