Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	action_n	necessary_a	produce_v	1,619	5	9.0863	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A50576	Memoir's for a natural history of animals containing the anatomical descriptions of several creatures dissected by the Royal Academy of Sciences at Paris / Englished by Alexander Pitfeild ... ; to which is added an account of the measure of a degree of a great circle of the earth, published by the same Academy and Englished by Richard Waller ...; Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire naturelle des animaux. English	Perrault, Claude, 1613-1688.; Pitfield, Alexander, 1658-1728.; Waller, Richard.; Académie royale des sciences (France)	1688 (1688)	Wing M1667_PARTIAL; Wing M1582_PARTIAL; ESTC R2399	302,762	395

by_o this_o action_n make_v the_o liver_n ventricle_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n to_o rise_v up_o they_o force_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o diaphragme_n upward_o which_o afterward_o descend_v when_o by_o its_o proper_a action_n which_o be_v extension_n it_o again_o take_v the_o strait_a and_o flat_a figure_n which_o the_o contraction_n of_o the_o fibre_n do_v give_v it_o this_o compression_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o low_a venture_n on_o the_o viscera_n be_v so_o powerful_a that_o the_o ventricle_n have_v be_v sometime_o observe_v to_o have_v be_v push_v into_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o thorax_n when_o the_o diaphragme_n have_v receive_v a_o great_a wound_n as_o paraeus_n sennertus_n and_o hildan●…s_n do_v testify_v by_o these_o action_n of_o the_o compression_n of_o the_o muscle_n on_o the_o viscera_n make_v they_o to_o ascend_v and_o of_o that_o of_o the_o diaphragme_n make_v they_o afterward_o to_o descend_v and_o by_o the_o continuity_n of_o these_o alternate_a motion_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o respiration_n be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o the_o humour_n contain_v in_o the_o low_a venture_n what_o the_o pulsation_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o blood_n contain_v in_o its_o ventricles_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o this_o compression_n and_o agitation_n serve_v not_o only_o to_o the_o distribution_n of_o the_o chyle_n as_o that_o of_o the_o heart_n serve_v to_o force_v the_o blood_n into_o the_o artery_n but_o that_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a cause_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o same_o chyle_n by_o the_o division_n attenuation_n and_o mixture_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o food_n which_o this_o continual_a agitation_n be_v capable_a of_o produce_v these_o action_n which_o be_v essential_o necessary_a for_o life_n and_o which_o must_v be_v porform_v in_o bird_n as_o in_o terrestrial_a animal_n be_v there_o also_o perform_v by_o respiration_n although_o with_o different_a organ_n for_o though_o the_o diaphragme_n of_o those_o bird_n that_o have_v it_o musculous_a or_o at_o least_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n in_o the_o ostrich_n have_v some_o tension_n and_o relaxation_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o which_o the_o lung_n and_o its_o bladder_n be_v compress_v it_o have_v not_o that_o motion_n which_o it_o have_v in_o terrestrial_a animal_n by_o which_o the_o viscera_n be_v sometime_o force_v upward_o sometime_o downward_o and_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o low_a venture_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o smallness_n can_v compress_v they_o but_o very_o feeble_o because_o that_o almost_o all_o the_o low_a belly_n be_v cover_v with_o the_o sternum_n who_o size_n must_v be_v exceed_o great_a as_o it_o be_v to_o give_v rise_v to_o the_o great_a muscle_n which_o do_v draw_v the_o wing_n downward_o the_o force_n of_o these_o muscle_n be_v unable_a to_o answer_v the_o powerful_a action_n of_o flight_n if_o they_o be_v less_o so_o that_o this_o weakness_n of_o the_o museles_a of_o the_o low_a venture_n and_o diaphragme_n must_v be_v supply_v in_o bird_n by_o the_o bladder_n of_o the_o lung_n which_o be_v alternate_o fill_v and_o empty_v in_o their_o respiration_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o act_n be_v thus_o when_o the_o thorax_n be_v dilate_v by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o pectoral_a muscle_n the_o air_n enter_v into_o the_o lung_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n from_o the_o lung_n into_o the_o bladder_n but_o it_o must_v be_v understand_v that_o it_o enter_v only_o into_o those_o which_o be_v enclose_v in_o the_o thorax_n because_o that_o there_o be_v nothing_o which_o by_o dilate_v the_o bladder_n contain_v in_o the_o low_a belly_n can_v give_v occasion_n to_o the_o air_n to_o enter_v in_o for_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o be_v then_o that_o they_o shrink_v and_o that_o the_o air_n which_o they_o contain_v re-enter_v into_o the_o lung_n but_o when_o afterward_o the_o thorax_n be_v compress_v and_o contract_v the_o air_n lock_v up_o in_o the_o bladder_n of_o the_o thorax_n be_v thereby_o squeeze_v out_o one_o part_n go_v out_o through_o the_o larynx_n the_o other_o enter_v into_o the_o bladder_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n and_o swell_v they_o at_o the_o same_o instant_n that_o the_o upper_a one_o be_v evacuate_v and_o afterward_o when_o the_o upper_a bladder_n be_v fill_v by_o the_o dilatation_n of_o the_o thorax_n they_o do_v receive_v not_o only_o the_o outward_a air_n through_o the_o larynx_n but_o also_o that_o of_o the_o bladder_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n which_o be_v compress_v at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o the_o upper_a one_o be_v dilate_v and_o this_o happen_v to_o they_o as_o well_o by_o reason_n that_o their_o coat_n do_v return_v into_o their_o first_o state_n by_o the_o force_n of_o their_o spring_n as_o because_o that_o the_o viscera_n which_o have_v be_v force_v and_o compress_v by_o the_o dilatation_n of_o the_o bladder_n do_v in_o their_o turn_n force_v they_o aid_v by_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n notwithstanding_o their_o smallness_n this_o make_v a_o reciprocation_n and_o vicissitude_n of_o impulsion_n which_o supply_v the_o potent_a action_n produce_v by_o the_o great_a muscle_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n in_o terrestrial_a animal_n this_o action_n of_o the_o bladder_n which_o serve_v for_o the_o respiration_n of_o bird_n be_v plain_o see_v when_o they_o be_v dissect_v alive_a we_o have_v make_v the_o experiment_n thereof_o in_o great_a bird_n as_o goose_n and_o turkeycock_n in_o which_o have_v open_v the_o low_a belly_n without_o hurt_v the_o bladder_n which_o be_v there_o it_o be_v remark_v that_o when_o the_o thorax_n be_v depress_v in_o the_o expiration_n the_o low_a bladder_n do_v swell_v and_o that_o when_o it_o be_v dilate_v for_o inspiration_n they_o do_v shrink_v this_o particular_a manner_n which_o bird_n have_v in_o their_o respiration_n may_v be_v explain_v by_o the_o bellows_o of_o forge_n which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v make_v after_o the_o imitation_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o the_o respiration_n of_o bird_n for_o these_o bellow_n have_v a_o double_a capacity_n to_o receive_v the_o air._n the_o first_o be_v that_o underneath_o which_o receive_v the_o air_n when_o the_o bellows_o be_v open_v and_o this_o capacity_n represent_v the_o upper_a bladder_n shut_v up_o in_o the_o thorax_n the_o second_o capacity_n be_v that_o above_o which_o represent_v the_o bladder_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n for_o when_o the_o inferior_a capacity_n be_v contract_v by_o the_o compression_n of_o the_o bellows_o the_o air_n which_o it_o have_v receive_v enter_v through_o a_o hole_n with_o which_o it_o be_v pierce_v and_o pass_v into_o the_o upper_a capacity_n so_o that_o the_o air_n forcible_o thrust_v do_v enlarge_v this_o capacity_n by_o make_v the_o upper_a board_n to_o rise_v this_o hole_n be_v in_o the_o middle_a board_n between_o they_o which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o diaphragme_n between_o the_o two_o capacity_n that_o compose_v the_o bellows_o which_o be_v different_a from_o those_o of_o the_o bladder_n of_o the_o lung_n of_o bird_n in_o that_o their_o situation_n be_v different_a the_o capacity_n of_o the_o bladder_n which_o do_v first_o receive_v the_o air_n be_v in_o the_o superior_a part_n in_o bird_n and_o in_o the_o inferior_a in_o the_o bellows_o of_o forge_n the_o society_n have_v likewise_o make_v on_o several_a other_o bird_n some_o remark_n concern_v the_o respiration_n of_o these_o kind_n of_o animal_n which_o will_v be_v find_v in_o their_o description_n the_o heart_n be_v almost_o round_o be_v six_o inch_n from_o the_o basis_n to_o the_o point_n and_o five_o in_o breadth_n bird_n have_v it_o general_o long_o in_o proportion_n the_o auricles_n be_v small_a and_o the_o ventricles_n great_a the_o aperture_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la be_v very_o large_a without_o any_o valve_n there_o be_v only_o as_o it_o be_v a_o sack_n who_o side_n which_o be_v a_o partition_n between_o its_o cavity_n and_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la do_v serve_v for_o a_o valve_n which_o may_v be_v call_v sigmoide_v this_o structure_n be_v common_a to_o the_o heart_n of_o bird_n the_o other_o valve_n be_v in_o the_o other_o vessel_n of_o the_o heart_n as_o usual_o the_o aorta_n descede_v along_o the_o right_a side_n as_o in_o other_o bird_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o capsula_fw-la form_v by_o the_o aponeurosis_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n the_o skull_n be_v soft_a in_o one_o of_o the_o subject_n we_o find_v a_o fracture_n naturallist_n have_v observe_v that_o when_o the_o ostrich_n fear_v any_o danger_n it_o think_v itself_o in_o safety_n when_o it_o have_v hide_v its_o head._n the_o cerebrum_fw-la with_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la be_v but_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o and_o twenty_o line_n broad_a the_o dura_n mater_n divide_v not_o the_o brain_n in_o two_o by_o that_o large_a production_n call_v the_o falx_n

manner_n of_o change_a colour_n according_a to_o its_o passion_n be_v altogether_o as_o capable_a of_o employ_v their_o witt._n for_o to_o demonstrate_v that_o flatterer_n want_v sincerity_n and_o that_o vain_a and_o ambitious_a spirit_n feed_v on_o chimaera_n it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o be_v true_a that_o the_o chameleon_n take_v all_o colour_n but_o white_a and_o that_o it_o live_v only_o on_o air_n and_o one_o may_v find_v as_o much_o ground_n but_o with_o more_o truth_n to_o moralize_v on_o this_o that_o the_o chameleon_n which_o be_v without_o ear_n and_o almost_o without_o motion_n in_o most_o of_o its_o part_n have_v nimbleness_n only_o in_o the_o tongue_n which_o let_v nothing_o escape_v it_o and_o in_o the_o eye_n which_o can_v see_v all_o way_n at_o once_o naturalist_n will_v likewise_o have_v a_o great_a deal_n to_o do_v before_o that_o they_o have_v clear_o domonstrate_v from_o whence_o proceed_v the_o necessity_n which_o nature_n have_v impose_v on_o all_o other_o animal_n of_o move_a both_o eye_n together_o after_o one_o manner_n for_o the_o chameleon_n show_v that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o join_n of_o the_o optic_a nerve_n which_o cause_v this_o necessity_n as_o many_o be_v of_o opinion_n they_o will_v also_o have_v trouble_n enough_o to_o tell_v what_o power_n do_v so_o far_o push_v out_o and_o almost_o at_o the_o same_o instant_n draw_v back_o this_o tongue_n and_o even_o to_o produce_v instance_n like_o it_o for_o the_o move_a of_o the_o muscle_n which_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o different_a position_n of_o their_o fibre_n which_o make_v they_o contract_n and_o extend_v be_v nothing_o proportionable_a to_o the_o quickness_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o this_o tongue_n nor_o to_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o space_n which_o it_o run_v through_o for_o when_o our_o hand_n be_v carry_v swift_o for_o the_o space_n of_o seven_o inch_n which_o be_v what_o we_o have_v observe_v the_o chameleon_n tongue_n to_o move_v the_o contract_n of_o the_o muscle_n which_o give_v this_o motion_n to_o the_o hand_n do_v never_o exceed_v the_o length_n of_o two_o line_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o forty_o part_n of_o the_o contraction_n of_o this_o tongue_n and_o though_o there_o be_v some_o colour_n to_o say_v that_o it_o be_v thrust_v out_o and_o if_o i_o may_v so_o say_v spit_v out_o by_o the_o effort_n of_o the_o wind_n wherewith_o the_o lung_n be_v swell_v and_o that_o it_o be_v draw_v back_o by_o the_o nerve_n which_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o trunk_n which_o have_v be_v stretch_v out_o by_o this_o effort_n make_v it_o to_o return_v back_o to_o its_o first_o state_n and_o sudden_o draw_v in_o the_o tongue_n there_o be_v yet_o this_o difficulty_n that_o this_o can_v be_v perform_v without_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o noise_n and_o we_o have_v obseruthat_o this_o dart_v out_o of_o the_o tongue_n cause_v not_o the_o least_o it_o be_v likewise_o a_o very_a difficult_a thing_n to_o imagine_v what_o become_v of_o this_o nervous_a substance_n which_o fill_v the_o middle_a of_o the_o trunk_n to_o which_o its_o tongue_n be_v fasten_v and_o where_o it_o can_v dispose_v itself_o when_o it_o be_v draw_v into_o the_o mouth_n for_o when_o it_o be_v there_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tongue_n do_v almost_o touch_v the_o extremity_n of_o the_o cartilaginous_a stylus_fw-la on_o which_o suppose_v the_o membrane_n of_o the_o trunk_n to_o be_v fold_v and_o draw_v on_o as_o have_v be_v say_v that_o nerve_n can_v be_v draw_v on_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v too_o solid_a and_o compact_a and_o this_o solidity_n hinder_v we_o also_o from_o think_v that_o it_o shrink_v and_o as_o it_o be_v enter_v into_o itself_o to_o retire_v from_o the_o six_o inch_n in_o length_n which_o it_o have_v when_o extend_v to_o that_o of_o a_o line_n to_o which_o it_o be_v reduce_v be_v contract_v it_o can_v be_v say_v that_o it_o bend_v like_o the_o neck_n of_o a_o tortoise_n when_o it_o draw_v its_o head_n into_o its_o shell_n because_o that_o this_o bend_n be_v perform_v by_o the_o assistance_n of_o divers_a muscle_n which_o do_v bend_v this_o neck_n compose_v of_o several_a vertebra_n and_o that_o such_o organ_n be_v not_o find_v in_o the_o camelion_n tongue_n the_o tongue_n which_o the_o wood-pecker_n shoot_v out_o a_o great_a way_n beyond_o its_o beak_n have_v organ_n also_o who_o substance_n be_v much_o fit_a for_o this_o action_n than_o that_o of_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o chameleon_n for_o there_o be_v very_o long_a muscle_n bend_v over_o the_o head_n which_o consist_v of_o fleshy_a part_n have_v a_o aptitude_n to_o extend_v and_o contract_v themselves_o which_o in_o their_o great_a length_n may_v produce_v a_o considerable_a extension_n and_o contraction_n so_o that_o we_o may_v say_v that_o this_o so_o strange_a a_o motion_n of_o the_o chameleon_n tongue_n do_v somewhat_o resemble_v that_o of_o the_o horn_n of_o a_o snail_n and_o that_o so_o great_a a_o length_n as_o this_o be_v reduce_v almost_o to_o nothing_o in_o this_o trunk_n by_o the_o increase_n of_o its_o thickness_n and_o by_o a_o great_a dilatation_n cause_v by_o the_o powerful_a and_o sudden_a rarefaction_n of_o the_o black_a and_o thick_a blood_n which_o appear_v unequal_o disperse_v through_o the_o whole_a length_n of_o the_o trunk_n yet_o that_o do_v not_o sufficient_o explain_v the_o thing_n because_o that_o if_o the_o rarefaction_n cause_v the_o dilatation_n which_o make_v the_o contraction_n it_o can_v afterward_o produce_v the_o extension_n in_o the_o same_o organ_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o extension_n proceed_v from_o the_o rarefaction_n which_o be_v make_v in_o one_o of_o the_o two_o part_n of_o which_o this_o trunk_n be_v compose_v viz._n in_o the_o nerve_n which_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n and_o that_o the_o contraction_n happen_v when_o the_o rarefaction_n be_v make_v in_o the_o other_o part_n viz._n in_o the_o membrane_n which_o be_v without_o it_o by_o mean_n of_o a_o different_a situation_n of_o the_o fibre_n in_o the_o one_o and_o other_o of_o these_o part_n so_o as_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o extend_v and_o contract_n of_o the_o tongue_n of_o other_o animal_n be_v perform_v but_o the_o bigness_n and_o fleshy_a substance_n of_o other_o tongue_n be_v disposition_n to_o perform_v these_o action_n which_o be_v whole_o want_v in_o that_o of_o a_o chameleon_n although_o this_o effect_n they_o with_o incomparable_o more_o force_n which_o make_v that_o motion_n marvellous_a and_o difficult_a to_o comprehend_v but_o above_o all_o the_o change_n of_o colour_n will_v a_o long_a time_n detain_v the_o curious_a before_o they_o will_v discover_v the_o cause_n and_o be_v able_a to_o determine_v whether_o it_o be_v do_v by_o reflection_n as_o solinus_n think_v or_o by_o suffusion_n as_o seneca_n be_v of_o opinion_n or_o by_o the_o change_n of_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o particle_n which_o do_v compose_v its_o skin_n according_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o cartesian_o yet_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o suffusion_n be_v most_o easy_a to_o comprehend_v especial_o to_o those_o who_o shall_v have_v observe_v that_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o chameleon_n have_v a_o natural_a colour_n which_o be_v a_o bluish_a grace_n which_o be_v see_v on_o the_o inside_n when_o it_o be_v flay_v that_o there_o be_v easy_o take_v away_o a_o great_a number_n of_o little_a pellicles_n from_o above_o each_o of_o the_o eminency_n which_o be_v the_o only_a part_n of_o the_o skin_n which_o do_v change_v colour_n and_o that_o these_o thin_a skin_n be_v separate_v or_o easy_o separable_a one_o from_o another_o whereas_o those_o which_o do_v compose_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o skin_n be_v exact_o fasten_v together_o for_o these_o thing_n have_v be_v observe_v there_o will_v be_v find_v some_o probability_n to_o think_v that_o choler_n wherewith_o this_o animal_n abound_v be_v convey_v to_o the_o skin_n by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o passion_n may_v creep_v between_o these_o skin_n and_o that_o according_a as_o the_o choler_n enter_v under_o a_o pellicle_n near_o or_o more_o remote_a from_o the_o exterior_a superficies_n of_o the_o eminency_n it_o die_v they_o yellow_a or_o green_a for_o it_o be_v see_v by_o experience_n that_o yellow_a mix_v with_o a_o bluish_a grace_n make_v a_o kind_n of_o green_n so_o that_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o imagine_v that_o the_o same_o choler_n spread_v under_o a_o very_a thin_a pellicle_n may_v make_v it_o appear_v yellow_a and_o that_o be_v under_o a_o thick_a skin_n it_o mingle_v its_o yellow_a with_o the_o blewish-gray_a of_o this_o skin_n to_o produce_v a_o greenish-gray_a which_o with_o the_o yellow_a be_v the_o two_o colour_n that_o the_o chameleon_n take_v when_o it_o be_v in_o the_o sun_n where_o it_o delight_v its_o self_n for_o when_o it_o be_v move_v by_o

and_o a_o half_a from_o the_o end_n of_o its_o nose_n to_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o tail._n it_o exceed_v not_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a in_o height_n from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o back_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o fore-claw_n the_o tail_n be_v but_o eight_o inch_n there_o be_v nothing_o in_o all_o its_o exterior_a figure_n which_o be_v not_o in_o a_o cat_n save_v that_o its_o tail_n be_v not_o long_a enough_o in_o proportion_n to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n who_o bulk_n do_v indeed_o surpass_v that_o of_o the_o large_a cat_n but_o be_v also_o much_o inferior_a to_o that_o of_o the_o leopard_n and_o panther_n it_o have_v no_o long_a and_o slender_a neck_n like_o those_o animal_n it_o be_v on_o the_o contrary_a in_o some_o sort_n short_a than_o the_o cat_n which_o we_o find_v to_o proceed_v in_o some_o measure_n from_o its_o extraordinary_a fatness_n but_o in_o this_o it_o seem_v to_o we_o repugnant_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o leopard_n which_o according_a to_o galen_n be_v the_o lean_a of_o all_o animal_n unless_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o our_o chatpard_n be_v engender_v of_o a_o leopard_n and_o a_o cat_n and_o not_o of_o a_o cat_n and_o a_o panther_n because_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o common_o when_o there_o be_v a_o mixture_n of_o species_n that_o which_o be_v thereby_o engender_v have_v more_o resemblance_n to_o the_o dam_n than_o the_o sire_n especial_o in_o that_o which_o respect_v the_o form_n and_o habit_n of_o the_o body_n the_o grossness_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o hair_n be_v proportionable_o of_o the_o length_n as_o it_o be_v in_o cat_n but_o it_o be_v somewhat_o short_a the_o colour_n which_o most_o prevail_v all_o over_o the_o body_n be_v of_o a_o fox-red_n only_o the_o belly_n and_o inside_n of_o the_o foreleg_n be_v isabel_n the_o throat_n and_o bottom_n of_o the_o low_a jaw_n be_v white_a there_o be_v black_a spot_n all_o over_o long_a one_o upon_o the_o back_n and_o round_o one_o on_o the_o belly_n and_o foot_n at_o the_o extremity_n of_o which_o the_o spot_n be_v very_o small_a and_o thick_o seminated_a on_o the_o ear_n there_o be_v some_o very_a black_a streak_n which_o cross_v they_o and_o in_o short_a they_o whole_o resemble_v those_o of_o a_o cat._n the_o hair_n of_o the_o beard_n be_v short_a than_o those_o in_o cat_n proportionable_o to_o the_o body_n and_o there_o be_v none_o on_o the_o eyebrow_n and_o cheek_n where_o cat_n have_v they_o in_o open_v the_o belly_n there_o be_v find_v a_o extraordinary_a quantity_n of_o fat_a for_o all_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o low_a venture_n be_v fill_v therewith_o and_o under_o the_o peritonaeum_fw-la there_o be_v a_o piece_n which_o be_v big_a than_o one_o fist_n which_o enclose_v the_o vena_fw-la umbilicalis_fw-la the_o two_o skin_n or_o coat_n of_o the_o epiploon_n which_o be_v likewise_o furnish_v therewith_o do_v joint_o descend_v as_o usual_o and_o reach_v into_o the_o groin_n and_o fold_v themselves_o under_o the_o intestine_n do_v embrace_v and_o keep_v themselves_o suspend_v as_o in_o a_o sack._n the_o intestine_n be_v almost_o all_o of_o a_o equal_a bigness_n and_o have_v two_o three_o of_o a_o inch_n diameter_n the_o rectum_fw-la and_o colon_n exceed_v the_o other_o in_o bigness_n only_o one_o three_o of_o a_o inch._n these_o two_o great_a intestine_n together_o be_v twelve_o inch_n long_o the_o other_o from_o the_o pylorus_n to_o the_o caecum_fw-la about_o seven_o foot_n the_o caecum_fw-la be_v a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n and_o two_o three_o of_o a_o inch_n in_o its_o great_a thickness_n it_o terminate_v in_o a_o obtuse_a point_n the_o stomach_n which_o be_v very_o great_a and_o large_a have_v in_o the_o sinuosity_n which_o be_v in_o most_o brute_n between_o the_o superior_a and_o inferior_a orifice_n a_o membrane_n great_o load_v with_o fat_a which_o join_v these_o two_o orifice_n together_o and_o which_o conduct_v the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la gastrica_fw-la to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o bend_n without_o touch_v the_o membrane_n of_o the_o stomach_n the_o vena_fw-la gastrica_fw-la be_v in_o this_o membrane_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o vessel_n be_v in_o the_o mesentery_n and_o cast_v its_o branch_n into_o the_o stomach_n as_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o mesentery_n do_v cast_v they_o into_o the_o intestine_n or_o as_o the_o vas_n breve_fw-la produce_v they_o to_o insert_v they_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o stomach_n and_o in_o the_o spleen_n the_o pancreas_n be_v fasten_v and_o run_v along_o the_o duodenum_fw-la and_o ileum_n and_o advance_v not_o far_o underneath_o the_o stomach_n the_o spleen_n be_v four_o inch_n long_o and_o fifteen_o line_n in_o its_o great_a breadth_n it_o be_v of_o a_o dark-red_n colour_n and_o its_o figure_n very_o well_o represent_v that_o of_o a_o oak_n leaf_n be_v slit_v in_o several_a place_n the_o liver_n be_v divide_v into_o six_o great_a lobe_n three_o whereof_o be_v indent_v in_o several_a place_n it_o be_v substance_n be_v soft_a and_o seem_v to_o be_v compose_v of_o several_a gland_n as_o we_o have_v already_o remark_v in_o the_o liver_n of_o the_o gazella_n this_o be_v find_v by_o two_o different_a colour_n which_o be_v see_v in_o this_o liver_n the_o bottom_n be_v black_a and_o spot_a with_o a_o clear_a and_o yellowish_a red_n but_o these_o spot_n have_v not_o a_o regular_a figure_n like_o those_o which_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o liver_n of_o the_o gazella_n the_o gallbladder_n be_v in_o the_o great_a lobe_n of_o those_o which_o be_v again_o divide_v in_o two_o its_o colour_n incline_v to_o yellow_a it_o be_v size_n be_v proportionable_a to_o that_o of_o the_o whole_a animal_n like_v as_o the_o kidney_n who_o proper_a membrane_n be_v easy_o separate_v although_o the_o vessel_n which_o be_v numerous_o extend_v on_o the_o external_a superficies_n of_o the_o parenchyma_n and_o which_o be_v very_o large_a and_o swell_v appear_v through_o this_o membrane_n even_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v close_o join_v to_o the_o parenchyma_n for_o these_o vessel_n be_v so_o visible_a that_o they_o seem_v to_o appertain_v to_o this_o membrane_n although_o indeed_o they_o be_v include_v in_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o kidney_n which_o have_v be_v already_o remark_v in_o the_o young_a lion._n as_o for_o the_o part_n of_o generation_n they_o be_v very_o defective_a and_o imperfect_a for_o except_o the_o penis_n prostatae_fw-la and_o caruncula_fw-la which_o be_v in_o the_o urethra_n there_o appear_v not_o the_o least_o sign_n or_o remain_v thereof_o there_o be_v only_o a_o vessel_n which_o may_v be_v take_v for_o one_o of_o the_o deferentia_fw-la but_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o know_v certain_o whether_o it_o be_v real_o one_o because_o that_o there_o be_v no_o appearance_n of_o testicle_n and_o it_o can_v not_o be_v discover_v from_o whence_o it_o come_v as_o to_o the_o other_o spermatick_a vessel_n there_o can_v none_o be_v find_v although_o seek_v after_o with_o all_o possible_a care_n for_o it_o be_v doubt_v whether_o they_o be_v not_o break_v through_o carelessness_n as_o it_o be_v probable_a hofmannus_n do_v when_o he_o dissect_v a_o woman_n in_o who_o these_o two_o spermatick_a artery_n be_v not_o find_v although_o she_o have_v have_v several_a child_n to_o clear_v this_o doubt_n the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la be_v presf_v and_o the_o blood_n therein_o contain_v make_v to_o ascend_v from_o the_o iliack_a branch_n to_o the_o emulgent_a vein_n the_o same_o compression_n be_v likewise_o make_v on_o the_o left_a emulgent_a without_o get_v out_o one_o drop_n of_o blood_n which_o be_v there_o very_o abundant_a and_o free_a from_o coagulation_n the_o great_a artery_n be_v likewise_o tie_v a_o little_a below_o the_o emulgent_a and_o have_v blow_v into_o the_o trunk_n there_o go_v not_o out_o any_o wind_n it_o be_v true_a that_o have_v tie_v the_o trunk_n above_o the_o division_n of_o the_o iliack_a artery_n the_o wind_n lose_v itself_o through_o the_o superior_a mesenterick_n which_o be_v break_v but_o this_o branch_n be_v tie_v the_o air_n find_v no_o way_n out_o when_o blow_v and_o when_o the_o whole_a trunk_n be_v swell_v up_o this_o defect_n of_o the_o spermatick_a vessel_n and_o other_o part_n which_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a for_o generation_n agree_v very_o well_o with_o the_o abundance_n of_o fat_a whereof_o this_o animal_n be_v full_a after_o the_o manner_n of_o all_o those_o which_o by_o a_o external_a cause_n have_v be_v render_v incapable_a of_o engender_v and_o in_o which_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o nourishment_n can_v be_v employ_v only_o to_o produce_v fat._n this_o give_v we_o some_o suspicion_n that_o our_o chatpard_n may_v have_v be_v castrate_v when_o young_a according_a to_o the_o custom_n which_o the_o turk_n have_v follow_v as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v

towards_o the_o bottom_n so_o that_o its_o action_n be_v to_o contract_v the_o thorax_n by_o close_v the_o rib_n and_o draw_v they_o downward_o each_o of_o the_o great_a diaphragme_n which_o be_v only_o a_o membrane_n without_o musculous_a flesh_n and_o consequent_o without_o action_n and_o serve_v only_o for_o a_o partition_n have_v seem_v to_o we_o to_o merit_n rather_o the_o name_n of_o diaphragme_n than_o the_o two_o little_a one_o that_o be_v musculous_a and_o also_o than_o the_o diaphragme_n of_o terrestrial_a animal_n which_o serve_v for_o other_o purpose_n than_o to_o separate_v the_o upper_a belly_n from_o the_o low_a be_v principal_o employ_v by_o its_o motion_n in_o the_o respiration_n which_o be_v call_v free_a as_o be_v the_o muscle_n of_o the_o thorax_n for_o the_o respiration_n which_o be_v call_v violent_a and_o force_v the_o which_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o dilatation_n and_o constriction_n of_o the_o thorax_n each_o of_o these_o diaphragme_n be_v join_v at_o the_o top_n and_o at_o the_o fore-side_n along_o each_o rib_n of_o the_o strnum_fw-la which_o be_v very_o broad_a in_o our_o ostrich_n as_o it_o common_o be_v in_o bird_n at_o its_o backpart_n it_o join_v to_o the_o aponeurosis_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n and_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o this_o aponeurosis_n to_o the_o vertibrae_fw-la of_o the_o back_o at_o the_o bottom_n it_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o transverse_a muscle_n of_o the_o low_a venture_n the_o transverse_a diaphragme_n be_v seat_v a_o little_a low_o than_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sternum_fw-la it_o proceed_v from_o the_o middle_n of_o one_o of_o the_o great_a diaphragme_n and_o cle_n a_o ving_z on_o the_o forepart_n to_o the_o transverse_a muscle_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n and_o on_o the_o hind-part_n to_o the_o aponeurosis_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n it_o go_v to_o fasten_v itself_o to_o the_o other_o great_a diaphragme_n underneath_o it_o be_v garnish_v with_o fat_a about_o the_o thickness_n of_o one_o finger_n the_o lung_n be_v include_v between_o the_o rib_n and_o little_a diaphragme_n call_v by_o we_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n be_v compose_v of_o two_o red_a and_o spongious_a fleshy_a part_n as_o in_o other_o bird_n they_o be_v each_o ten_o inch_n long_o and_o three_o and_o a_o half_a broad_a be_v a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a thick_a each_o of_o the_o two_o branch_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la enter_v into_o the_o lung_n be_v divide_v into_o several_a branch_n which_o be_v distribute_v into_o its_o whole_a parenchyma_n as_o in_o terrestrial_a animal_n except_o that_o all_o these_o branch_n be_v simple_o membranous_a without_o any_o cartilage_n the_o air_n pass_v into_o these_o branch_n go_v to_o the_o external_a surface_n of_o the_o parenchyma_n which_o be_v pierce_v with_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o little_a hole_n which_o be_v see_v through_o a_o very_a thin_a coat_n wherewith_o the_o whole_a lung_n be_v cover_v to_o enclose_v the_o air_n and_o let_v it_o out_o only_o through_o five_o hole_n each_o about_o five_o line_n diameter_n and_o rank_v according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o lung_n some_o towards_o the_o backbone_n other_o towards_o the_o sternum_n those_o hole_n which_o be_v towards_o the_o sternum_n pierce_v the_o fleshy_a part_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n to_o penetrate_v into_o the_o bladder_n be_v oblique_a and_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v thus_o form_v that_o the_o air_n may_v be_v voluntary_o retain_v in_o these_o bladder_n by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o muscle_n which_o by_o contract_v itself_o may_v lessen_v this_o hole_n for_o some_o use_n which_o may_v be_v conjecture_v as_o it_o shall_v be_v explain_v in_o the_o sequel_n the_o four_o bladder_n which_o be_v on_o each_o side_n at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o thorax_n be_v include_v as_o have_v be_v say_v between_o the_o diaphragme_n and_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n where_o with_o they_o be_v cover_v over_o the_o coat_n of_o each_o bladder_n be_v fasten_v by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o diaphragme_n and_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n at_o the_o top_n and_o bottom_n it_o be_v join_v to_o the_o coat_n of_o the_o neighbour_a bladder_n between_o which_o it_o be_v the_o five_o bladder_n which_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n large_a than_o the_o rest_n be_v not_o include_v between_o the_o diaphragme_n and_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n but_o between_o the_o two_o diaphragme_n with_o the_o intestine_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n and_o that_o they_o touch_v the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n only_o at_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v pierce_v to_o give_v passage_n to_o the_o air_n that_o it_o receive_v from_o the_o lung_n in_o eagle_n and_o some_o other_o bird_n we_o find_v these_o bladder_n fasten_v by_o the_o bottom_n to_o a_o membrane_n exceed_o load_v with_o fat_a which_o enclose_v as_o in_o a_o sack_n the_o ventricle_n and_o intestine_n and_o which_o we_o have_v take_v for_o a_o epiploon_n the_o part_n of_o this_o structure_n can_v not_o be_v so_o well_o observe_v in_o other_o bird_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o tenderness_n of_o the_o coat_n whereof_o these_o bladder_n be_v compose_v which_o in_o the_o ostrich_n be_v about_o the_o thickness_n of_o a_o hog_n bladder_n and_o we_o find_v those_o of_o the_o low_a belly_n in_o one_o of_o our_o subject_n four_o time_n thick_a be_v scirrhous_n but_o in_o most_o other_o bird_n it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a not_o to_o cut_v they_o in_o make_v the_o dissection_n and_o they_o can_v be_v well_o view_v only_o by_o keep_v they_o extend_v by_o blow_v into_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la this_o knowledge_n of_o this_o structure_n give_v the_o society_n a_o occasion_n of_o make_v several_a reflection_n on_o the_o manner_n of_o respiration_n in_o general_n and_o on_o that_o particular_a to_o bird_n to_o endeavour_v to_o arrive_v at_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o use_n which_o these_o organ_n must_v have_v which_o be_v so_o different_a in_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o of_o these_o animal_n it_o be_v consider_v that_o respiration_n serve_v not_o only_o to_o the_o refreshment_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o to_o the_o voice_n but_o that_o it_o be_v also_o useful_a for_o the_o concoction_n and_o distribution_n of_o the_o nourishment_n by_o the_o continual_a agitation_n and_o constriction_n of_o the_o thorax_n which_o press_v the_o lung_n fill_v with_o air_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v render_v like_o soft_a pillow_n make_v that_o they_o gentle_o squeeze_v out_o not_o only_o the_o blood_n contain_v in_o their_o vessel_n and_o push_v it_o into_o the_o heart_n but_o do_v also_o compress_v the_o other_o vessel_n shut_v up_o in_o the_o thorax_n to_o favour_v the_o distribution_n of_o the_o blood_n as_o it_o appear_v in_o violent_a action_n where_o the_o retention_n of_o respiration_n be_v necessary_a for_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o it_o make_v the_o blood_n to_o rise_v up_o into_o the_o face_n but_o the_o manner_n whereby_o respiration_n be_v accomplish_v by_o inspiration_n and_o expiration_n do_v evident_o demonstrate_v the_o verity_n of_o this_o use_n in_o terrestrial_a animal_n for_o inspiration_n be_v perform_v when_o the_o thorax_n be_v enlarge_v by_o the_o change_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o rib_n and_o sternum_n which_o render_v its_o capacity_n more_o ample_a and_o by_o the_o relaxation_n of_o the_o diaphragme_n which_o likewise_o diminish_v the_o capacity_n because_o that_o it_o make_v it_o to_o mount_v on_o high_a and_o take_v up_o a_o part_n of_o the_o thorax_n now_o this_o relaxation_n which_o be_v a_o thing_n passive_a be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o the_o powerful_a effort_n that_o expiration_n require_v because_o that_o the_o air_n enclose_v and_o compress_v by_o the_o action_n which_o the_o pectoral_a muscle_n do_v cause_n in_o respiration_n will_v be_v capable_a of_o force_v the_o diaphragme_n downward_o if_o not_o thrust_v upward_o by_o some_o power_n which_o act_n strong_o in_o expiration_n this_o power_n be_v double_a one_o be_v that_o of_o the_o mediastinum_fw-la which_o after_o have_v be_v draw_v and_o extend_v in_o the_o inspiration_n when_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o diaphragme_n descend_v downward_o do_v afterward_o draw_v the_o same_o centre_n upward_o as_o do_v spring_n which_o after_o have_v be_v force_v return_n to_o its_o first_o state_n by_o a_o action_n which_o galen_n call_v natural_a and_o which_o be_v not_o volentary_a like_o that_o of_o the_o muscle_n so_o that_o he_o attribute_n to_o it_o the_o involuntary_a retraction_n which_o happen'_v to_o the_o part_n by_o muscle_n who_o antagonist_n have_v be_v cut_v the_o other_o power_n which_o make_v the_o diaphragme_n to_o ascend_v be_v that_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n which_o may_v pass_v for_o the_o antagonist_n of_o the_o diaphragme_n when_o they_o do_v compress_v whatever_o be_v contain_v under_o the_o diaphragme_n for_o