with_o any_o violent_a motion_n and_o the_o flesh_n be_v make_v to_o be_v a_o cover_n to_o the_o other_o part_n that_o it_o may_v cool_v the_o living-creature_n in_o the_o summer_n by_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o morning_n dew_n thereunto_o and_o that_o it_o may_v in_o the_o winter_n be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o quilt_n of_o wool_n to_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n the_o skin_n be_v ordain_v as_o a_o cover_n both_o for_o the_o tender_a flesh_n and_o all_o those_o part_n that_o be_v inward_a the_o flesh_n be_v of_o a_o nature_n harden_v like_o a_o scar_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o air_n which_o compass_v it_o about_o and_o by_o mean_n of_o those_o other_o body_n wherewithal_o it_o be_v conversant_a the_o bone_n be_v a_o undersetting_n to_o the_o whole_a body_n and_o especial_o the_o chine_n of_o the_o back_n which_o be_v term_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o live_a creature_n the_o nail_n be_v most_o common_o use_v to_o scratch_v withal_o by_o every_o living-creature_n which_o have_v nail_n and_o 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that_o undertake_v to_o discourse_v of_o thing_n do_v voluntary_o and_o against_o our_o will_n must_v in_o the_o first_o place_n set_v down_o some_o assure_a rule_n and_o certain_a token_n whereby_o it_o may_v be_v well_o discern_v whether_o the_o thing_n do_v be_v unquestionable_o voluntary_a or_o against_o our_o will_n see_v therefore_o that_o every_o voluntary_a thing_n consist_v in_o some_o action_n see_v moreover_o that_o all_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v against_o our_o will_n consist_v in_o action_n also_o as_o shall_v be_v anon_o declare_v and_o see_v likewise_o some_o think_v that_o the_o thing_n which_o be_v do_v against_o our_o will_n consist_v both_o in_o action_n &_o passion_n we_o will_v before_o we_o proceed_v further_a define_v what_o a_o action_n be_v a_o action_n be_v the_o actual_a do_v of_o any_o thing_n with_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n after_o all_o action_n there_o follow_v either_o praise_n or_o dispraise_v some_o action_n be_v exercise_v with_o pleasure_n and_o some_o with_o grief_n some_o be_v to_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o doer_n and_o some_o be_v to_o be_v avoid_v of_o they_o which_o be_v to_o be_v choose_v some_o be_v at_o all_o time_n to_o be_v make_v choice_n of_o some_o at_o one_o time_n rather_o than_o at_o another_o the_o same_o circumstance_n be_v considerable_a in_o such_o action_n as_o be_v to_o be_v eschew_v also_o and_o this_o moreover_o be_v observable_a that_o some_o action_n be_v pity_v some_o pardon_v some_o hate_a and_o some_o punish_v now_o then_o let_v these_o be_v the_o mark_n to_o discern_v the_o thing_n which_o be_v willing_o do_v namely_o that_o praise_n or_o dispraise_v always_o follow_v they_o that_o they_o be_v do_v with_o pleasure_n and_o that_o the_o action_n be_v to_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o doer_n of_o they_o either_o at_o all_o time_n or_o at_o those_o time_n in_o which_o they_o be_v do_v the_o note_n of_o involuntary_a action_n be_v these_o they_o be_v vouchsafe_v pardon_n or_o they_o be_v pity_v or_o they_o be_v do_v with_o grief_n and_o they_o be_v not_o do_v by_o our_o own_o choice_n these_o thing_n be_v thus_o define_v and_o order_v we_o will_v first_o speak_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v do_v against_o our_o will_n cap._n 30._o i._o the_o definition_n of_o a_o involuntary_a act_n ii_o the_o solution_n of_o certain_a question_n concern_v mix_v action_n and_o a_o advise_v what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v when_o we_o know_v not_o what_o action_n to_o choose_v iii_o thing_n do_v by_o inconstancy_n by_o intemperancy_n or_o anger_n be_v not_o to_o be_v repute_v thing_n do_v against_o our_o will_n such_o thing_n as_o be_v do_v against_o our_o will_n be_v either_o do_v by_o constraint_n or_o of_o ignorance_n the_o beginning_n of_o those_o action_n which_o be_v do_v against_o our_o will_n by_o force_n be_v without_o ourselves_o that_o be_v some_o other_o thing_n and_o not_o we_o ourselves_o be_v the_o cause_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o this_o be_v the_o definition_n of_o that_o thing_n which_o be_v do_v against_o our_o will_n by_o force_n it_o be_v a_o action_n not_o have_v the_o beginning_n thereof_o in_o he_o which_o do_v it_o and_o he_o which_o be_v force_v thereunto_o do_v nothing_o to_o further_a the_o same_o of_o his_o own_o will_n we_o mean_v in_o this_o place_n by_o the_o beginning_n the_o cause-effecting_a the_o thing_n do_v hereupon_o it_o may_v be_v question_v when_o shipman_n cast_v their_o lade_n into_o the_o sea_n when_o they_o be_v endanger_v by_o a_o tempest_n or_o when_o a_o man_n be_v content_v to_o suffer_v or_o do_v some_o dishonest_a thing_n to_o save_v his_o friend_n or_o his_o country_n whether_o these_o action_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v against_o their_o will_n or_o no._n and_o according_a to_o this_o clause_n add_v to_o the_o definition_n he_o that_o be_v force_v do_v nothing_o to_o further_a the_o matter_n of_o his_o own_o will_n these_o action_n do_v seem_v to_o be_v voluntary_a because_o to_o the_o execute_n of_o such_o thing_n the_o actor_n do_v of_o themselves_o move_v their_o instrumental_a part_n even_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n such_o be_v their_o case_n who_o cast_v their_o lade_n into_o the_o sea_n and_o they_o who_o offer_v themselves_o to_o abide_v any_o shame_n or_o danger_n to_o bring_v to_o pass_v a_o great_a good_a as_o do_v zeno_n who_o bit_n off_o his_o own_o tongue_n and_o spit_v it_o out_o into_o the_o face_n of_o dionysius_n the_o tyrant_n because_o he_o will_v not_o utter_v unto_o he_o what_o be_v to_o be_v keep_v secret_a or_o as_o do_v anaxarchus_n the_o philosopher_n who_o choose_v to_o be_v torment_v unto_o death_n by_o be_v roll_v up_o together_o like_o a_o wheel_n rather_o than_o he_o will_v disclose_v the_o secret_a of_o his_o friend_n unto_o nicareon_o the_o tyrant_n therefore_o general_o when_o a_o man_n either_o choose_v a_o less_o evil_a through_o fear_n of_o some_o great_a evil_n or_o when_o a_o man_n accept_v the_o less_o good_a in_o hope_n of_o a_o great_a good_a which_o he_o can_v otherwise_o attain_v according_a as_o he_o will_v that_o thing_n which_o in_o such_o case_n he_o do_v or_o suffer_v be_v not_o utter_o against_o his_o will_n for_o he_o do_v or_o suffer_v by_o his_o own_o advice_n and_o choice_n and_o such_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v make_v choice_n of_o at_o that_o time_n though_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v choose_v of_o their_o own_o nature_n these_o be_v mix_v action_n partly_o voluntary_a and_o partly_o against_o our_o will_n for_o they_o be_v voluntary_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o circumstance_n but_o they_o be_v involuntary_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o action_n themselves_o and_o be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o circumstance_n no_o man_n will_v make_v choice_n of_o do_v
do_v or_o possess_v be_v therefore_o offend_v at_o this_o opinion_n and_o not_o without_o cause_n but_o some_o there_o be_v have_v more_o acuteness_n who_o bring_v this_o text_n of_o scripture_n to_o refute_v we_o namely_o the_o way_n of_o man_n be_v not_o in_o his_o own_o hand_n say_v thus_o unto_o we_o good_a friend_n how_o be_v the_o will_n of_o man_n free_a see_v his_o way_n be_v not_o in_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o see_v the_o thought_n of_o man_n be_v so_o vain_a that_o they_o can_v bring_v to_o effect_v those_o thing_n which_o they_o have_v devise_v many_o such_o like_a thing_n they_o object_n not_o know_v in_o what_o sense_n we_o speak_v of_o freewill_n for_o we_o affirm_v not_o that_o it_o be_v in_o our_o power_n to_o be_v rich_a or_o poor_a or_o always_o in_o health_n or_o of_o a_o strong_a constitution_n of_o nature_n or_o to_o rule_v or_o general_o to_o have_v those_o good_a thing_n which_o we_o count_v as_o instrument_n to_o work_v thing_n by_o or_o such_o as_o be_v call_v the_o gift_n of_o fortune_n neither_o do_v we_o account_v those_o to_o be_v at_o our_o dispose_n which_o have_v their_o event_n from_o providence_n but_o we_o affirm_v those_o action_n only_o to_o be_v in_o our_o power_n which_o be_v according_a to_o vice_n or_o virtue_n as_o also_o our_o motion_n or_o choice_n of_o thing_n or_o else_o such_o thing_n whereof_o we_o may_v do_v the_o contrary_a aswell_o as_o the_o thing_n themselves_o for_o a_o certain_a will_n or_o choice_n go_v before_o every_o action_n and_o not_o only_o the_o deed_n but_o the_o affection_n also_o be_v condemn_v as_o may_v plain_o appear_v in_o that_o place_n of_o the_o gospel_n which_o say_v he_o who_o look_v upon_o a_o woman_n to_o lust_n after_o she_o have_v commit_v adultery_n already_o with_o the_o she_o in_o his_o heart_n and_o we_o read_v that_o job_n sacrifice_v unto_o god_n for_o such_o offence_n as_o his_o child_n may_v commit_v in_o thought_n for_o indeed_o the_o beginning_n either_o of_o sin_n or_o of_o do_v upright_o be_v in_o our_o will_n whereas_o the_o do_v of_o the_o thing_n itself_o be_v otherwhile_o permit_v by_o providence_n and_o otherwhile_o hinder_v for_o see_v there_o be_v some_o thing_n in_o our_o power_n and_o a_o providence_n beside_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v do_v shall_v be_v do_v by_o they_o both_o because_o if_o they_o be_v do_v by_o either_o of_o they_o alone_o the_o other_o shall_v be_v to_o no_o purpose_n therefore_o in_o regard_n all_o action_n be_v mix_v it_o will_v sometime_o happen_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v in_o our_o power_n another_o while_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v as_o providence_n alone_o direct_v and_o sometime_o again_o both_o according_a to_o providence_n and_o as_o we_o will_v also_o and_o whereas_o likewise_o there_o be_v sometime_o a_o general_a and_o sometime_o a_o particular_a providence_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o same_o shall_v fall_v out_o in_o particular_a thing_n as_o it_o do_v in_o thing_n general_a for_o if_o the_o air_n about_o we_o be_v dry_a our_o body_n be_v dry_v also_o though_o not_o all_o alike_o and_o if_o a_o mother_n be_v give_v to_o riotous_a fare_n or_o a_o distemper_a diet_n even_o thereby_o shall_v her_o child_n become_v distemper_v in_o body_n and_o perverse_a in_o such_o thing_n as_o they_o attempt_v it_o be_v plain_a therefore_o by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v that_o man_n may_v fall_v into_o a_o distemper_a estate_n of_o body_n either_o by_o the_o general_a distemperature_n of_o the_o air_n or_o by_o the_o diet_n of_o parent_n or_o when_o they_o spoil_v themselves_o by_o their_o own_o voluptuousness_n and_o that_o they_o may_v be_v distemper_v sometime_o by_o such_o occasion_n as_o take_v their_o beginning_n from_o themselves_o in_o such_o manner_n that_o providence_n shall_v not_o altogether_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o such_o thing_n if_o then_o the_o soul_n shall_v yield_v herself_o to_o be_v oversway_v by_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o body_n and_o give_v place_n to_o wrath_n or_o lust_n or_o be_v press_v down_o by_o outward_a thing_n as_o poverty_n or_o lift_v up_o by_o riches_n or_o the_o like_a if_o any_o evil_n come_v to_o the_o same_o thereby_o it_o so_o happen_v thereunto_o by_o the_o self-will_n of_o that_o soul_n seeing_n if_o she_o have_v not_o voluntary_o yield_v herself_o to_o those_o distemperature_n she_o may_v have_v overcome_v they_o and_o be_v in_o good_a case_n for_o through_o well_o order_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o mind_n by_o a_o convenient_a diet_n and_o a_o good_a conversation_n she_o may_v have_v alter_v that_o temperature_n rather_o than_o have_v be_v pervert_v thereby_o this_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o example_n of_o such_o as_o be_v in_o a_o good_a condition_n and_o that_o all_o such_o as_o be_v not_o in_o a_o good_a estate_n do_v sin_n voluntary_o and_o not_o by_o constraint_n and_o that_o it_o be_v in_o our_o power_n either_o to_o consent_v and_o yield_v ourselves_o unto_o our_o bodily_a distemperature_n or_o to_o resist_v and_o overcome_v they_o nevertheless_o there_o be_v many_o who_o pretend_v these_o distemperature_n to_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o we_o do_v such_o or_o such_o thing_n and_o so_o impute_v their_o wickedness_n not_o unto_o their_o own_o will_n but_o to_o necessity_n and_o therefore_o they_o conclude_v though_o very_o absurd_o that_o the_o virtue_n also_o be_v not_o in_o our_o power_n cap._n 41._o i._o of_o the_o cause_n why_o man_n be_v make_v with_o free_a will_n and_o that_o if_o it_o have_v be_v otherwise_o he_o have_v neither_o be_v capable_a of_o the_o contemplative_a nor_o practic_a faculty_n nor_o be_v a_o reasonable_a creature_n ii_o of_o the_o mutability_n of_o man_n and_o angel_n and_o of_o the_o cause_n thereof_o and_o of_o some_o inference_n thereupon_o prove_v freewill_n iii_o it_o be_v not_o through_o any_o natural_a defect_n that_o man_n be_v vicious_a but_o by_o their_o own_o will_n and_o it_o be_v here_o show_v also_o that_o man_n without_o freewill_n can_v neither_o have_v any_o vice_n nor_o virtue_n somewhat_o remain_v to_o be_v declare_v whereby_o it_o may_v be_v manifest_a why_o man_n have_v freewill_n bestow_v upon_o he_o we_o affirm_v that_o immediate_o together_o with_o reason_n this_o freewill_n enter_v into_o we_o and_o that_o together_o with_o nature_n there_o be_v ingraff_v into_o create_a thing_n a_o mutability_n and_o alteration_n especial_o in_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v a_o subject_n make_v of_o matter_n for_o there_o be_v a_o mutation_n even_o in_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o every_o thing_n which_o be_v make_v and_o all_o make_n proceed_v from_o a_o alteration_n of_o the_o material_a subject_n this_o be_v evident_a to_o any_o man_n who_o considerate_o behold_v the_o plant_n and_o living-creature_n which_o have_v their_o abide_n either_o in_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o water_n or_o in_o the_o air_n for_o there_o be_v in_o all_o those_o a_o continual_a mutability_n moreover_o that_o our_o freewill_n enter_v into_o we_o together_o with_o reason_n have_v be_v make_v plain_a enough_o by_o those_o thing_n which_o we_o have_v say_v to_o prove_v that_o some_o thing_n be_v in_o our_o power_n as_o will_v appear_v to_o they_o who_o have_v heed_v what_o be_v deliver_v to_o that_o purpose_n but_o because_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o treatise_n do_v for_o some_o respect_n require_v the_o same_o perhaps_o it_o will_v not_o be_v impertinent_a to_o repeat_v some_o part_n of_o that_o which_o be_v former_o declare_v our_o reason_n be_v divide_v into_o contemplation_n and_o practice_v contemplative_a reason_n be_v that_o which_o concern_v universal_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v real_o and_o active_a reason_n be_v that_o whereby_o we_o deliberate_v of_o thing_n and_o set_v down_o the_o right_a way_n of_o put_v they_o into_o execution_n the_o contemplative_a part_n be_v call_v the_o mind_n or_o the_o principal_a part_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o the_o active_a part_n be_v term_v reason_n the_o one_o be_v likewise_o call_v wisdom_n and_o the_o other_o prudence_n now_o every_o one_o that_o deliberate_v do_v for_o this_o cause_n deliberate_a even_o for_o that_o the_o choice_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v to_o be_v do_v be_v in_o his_o power_n and_o to_o the_o intent_n that_o he_o may_v by_o deliberation_n make_v choice_n of_o that_o which_o be_v most_o worthy_a and_o that_o after_o he_o have_v so_o choose_v he_o may_v execute_v the_o same_o it_o be_v therefore_o necessary_a that_o he_o which_o deliberate_v shall_v have_v power_n over_o his_o own_o deed_n for_o if_o he_o have_v not_o power_n over_o his_o own_o action_n his_o consultation_n will_v be_v fruitless_a also_o unto_o he_o and_o if_o these_o thing_n be_v so_o it_o will_v follow_v by_o a_o necessary_a consequence_n that_o wheresoever_o reason_n be_v
he_o call_v destiny_n the_o ordinance_n and_o will_n of_o god_n make_v all_o thing_n to_o be_v subject_a unto_o providence_n he_o differ_v not_o much_o from_o the_o divine_a scripture_n which_o teach_v that_o providence_n alone_o be_v the_o governess_n of_o all_o thing_n but_o he_o dissent_v far_o from_o they_o when_o he_o say_v that_o the_o event_n do_v necessary_o ensue_v upon_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v in_o our_o power_n for_o we_o say_v that_o thing_n wrought_v by_o providence_n be_v effect_v not_o as_o necessary_a but_o as_o contingent_a because_o if_o they_o follow_v of_o necessity_n than_o the_o great_a part_n of_o our_o prayer_n will_v be_v in_o vain_a and_o according_a to_o his_o opinion_n our_o prayer_n will_v be_v available_a for_o nothing_o but_o to_o procure_v prosperous_a beginning_n to_o our_o action_n or_o to_o petition_n that_o we_o may_v choose_v what_o be_v best_a for_o after_o we_o have_v prefer_v one_o thing_n before_o another_o all_o our_o pray_v shall_v be_v fruitless_a because_o all_o thing_n by_o his_o opinion_n ensue_v of_o necessity_n which_o do_v afterward_o follow_v but_o we_o affirm_v that_o prayer_n be_v forcible_a even_o in_o respect_n of_o those_o event_n and_o we_o say_v that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o choice_n of_o providence_n whether_o we_o shall_v suffer_v shipwreck_n or_o no_o when_o we_o have_v purpose_v to_o set_v sail_n and_o that_o nothing_o fall_v out_o so_o necessary_o but_o that_o it_o may_v either_o be_v so_o or_o not_o so_o as_o god_n please_v for_o he_o be_v not_o conclude_v under_o any_o necessity_n neither_o be_v it_o lawful_a to_o say_v that_o his_o will_n be_v confine_v by_o fatal_a necessity_n see_v he_o be_v the_o creator_n of_o necessity_n itself_o it_o be_v he_o who_o lay_v that_o necessity_n upon_o the_o star_n by_o which_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o keep_v the_o same_o course_n it_o be_v he_o that_o set_v bound_n unto_o the_o sea_n and_o who_o have_v appoint_v a_o necessary_a limitation_n to_o universal_a and_o general_a thing_n which_o if_o they_o will_v call_v destiny_n because_o in_o all_o respect_n and_o altogether_o it_o so_o fall_v out_o of_o necessity_n as_o that_o in_o succession_n all_o thing_n which_o be_v make_v shall_v also_o be_v destroy_v and_o the_o like_a we_o will_v not_o much_o contend_v about_o the_o same_o because_o we_o will_v not_o contest_v for_o the_o bare_a name_n but_o god_n himself_o be_v not_o only_o without_o the_o compass_n of_o all_o necessity_n but_o he_o be_v also_o the_o lord_n and_o maker_n thereof_o for_o in_o that_o he_o himself_o be_v the_o absolute_a power_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o a_o nature_n wherein_o all_o power_n be_v comprehend_v he_o do_v nothing_o as_o one_o subject_v either_o to_o the_o necessity_n of_o nature_n or_o decree_n of_o law_n but_o all_o thing_n be_v in_o his_o hand_n to_o do_v or_o not_o to_o do_v even_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v otherwise_o necessary_a and_o that_o this_o may_v plain_o be_v declare_v he_o stay_v once_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o of_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v move_v of_o necessity_n and_o keep_v always_o one_o constant_a motion_n thereby_o show_v that_o nothing_o do_v by_o necessity_n do_v confine_v he_o but_o that_o according_a to_o his_o power_n all_o thing_n be_v contingent_a yet_o he_o make_v such_o a_o day_n but_o once_o as_o we_o find_v it_o in_o holy_a scripture_n that_o he_o may_v only_o set_v forth_o his_o power_n and_o not_o dissolve_v that_o strong_a law_n which_o be_v make_v by_o he_o at_o the_o first_o that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o star_n shall_v be_v necessary_a so_o likewise_o he_o do_v preserve_v some_o from_o death_n as_o enoch_n and_o elias_n who_o be_v natural_o mortal_a and_o liable_a to_o corruption_n that_o by_o all_o these_o thing_n we_o may_v perceive_v his_o power_n and_o his_o will_n to_o be_v irresistible_a but_o the_o stoic_n have_v teach_v that_o when_o the_o planet_n have_v wheel_v about_o unto_o the_o same_o point_n both_o in_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n wherein_o every_o one_o of_o they_o stand_v at_o the_o creation_n they_o shall_v within_o a_o certain_a limitation_n of_o time_n cause_n all_o to_o be_v set_v on_o fire_n and_o destroy_v and_o then_o as_o they_o also_o affirm_v the_o world_n beginning_n anew_o shall_v be_v restore_v unto_o the_o state_n wherein_o it_o be_v before_o yea_o they_o say_v further_o that_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o star_n shall_v have_v again_o the_o same_o course_n every_o thing_n that_o be_v in_o the_o former_a circuit_n shall_v come_v to_o pass_v again_o without_o any_o alteration_n socrates_n shall_v be_v as_o he_o be_v again_o and_o plato_n and_o every_o particular_a man_n have_v the_o same_o friend_n and_o the_o same_o citizen_n and_o that_o the_o like_a thing_n shall_v befall_v every_o one_o yea_o that_o every_o man_n shall_v take_v in_o hand_n the_o same_o work_n which_o he_o former_o wrought_v and_o that_o every_o city_n village_n and_o field_n shall_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o like_a state_n again_o and_o that_o the_o whole_a universe_n shall_v be_v restore_v unto_o the_o former_a condition_n again_o not_o one_o time_n only_o but_o as_o often_o as_o the_o revolution_n of_o the_o planet_n do_v come_v about_o to_o the_o same_o point_n which_o revolution_n they_o think_v shall_v be_v infinite_a and_o without_o number_n they_o say_v also_o that_o the_o god_n be_v not_o subject_a to_o this_o corruption_n and_o that_o when_o they_o have_v observe_v one_o whole_a revolution_n they_o know_v by_o that_o circuit_n all_o thing_n that_o shall_v come_v to_o pass_v in_o every_o succeed_a round_n for_o there_o shall_v be_v as_o they_o dream_v no_o new_a thing_n but_o every_o thing_n which_o be_v before_o shall_v be_v react_v after_o one_o and_o the_o same_o sort_n without_o any_o alteration_n in_o the_o least_o thing_n and_o some_o have_v say_v that_o from_o this_o restauration_n the_o christian_n take_v occasion_n to_o conceive_v the_o resurrection_n but_o the_o be_v much_o mistake_v for_o the_o christian_a verity_n do_v assure_v we_o that_o the_o resurrection_n shall_v be_v perfect_v but_o once_o and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o revolution_n of_o the_o star_n cap._n 39_o i._o of_o freewill_n ii_o of_o those_o who_o deny_v freewill_n to_o what_o cause_n they_o must_v of_o necessity_n ascribe_v all_o thing_n and_o what_o may_v be_v infer_v thereupon_o iii_o the_o many_o absurdity_n which_o will_v follow_v if_o it_o be_v deny_v that_o man_n have_v freewill_n many_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o there_o be_v nothing_o at_o all_o in_o our_o power_n and_o therefore_o the_o discourse_n of_o freewill_n namely_o of_o that_o which_o be_v in_o our_o power_n do_v first_o occasion_n this_o question_n whether_o any_o thing_n be_v in_o our_o power_n or_o no_o then_o a_o second_o question_n to_o wit_n what_o those_o thing_n be_v which_o be_v in_o our_o power_n or_o wherein_o freewill_n consist_v and_o three_o it_o give_v occasion_n to_o inquire_v why_o god_n our_o maker_n make_v we_o with_o freewill_n that_o we_o may_v discourse_v orderly_o of_o these_o thing_n we_o will_v speak_v first_o to_o the_o first_o question_n and_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v something_o in_o our_o power_n even_o by_o the_o confession_n of_o those_o who_o have_v deny_v the_o same_o they_o affirm_v that_o of_o thing_n which_o be_v make_v or_o do_v either_o god_n or_o necessity_n or_o destiny_n or_o nature_n or_o fortune_n or_o chance_n be_v the_o cause_n but_o the_o proper_a work_n of_o god_n be_v either_o substance_n or_o providence_n the_o work_n of_o necessity_n be_v in_o the_o motion_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v always_o of_o one_o sort_n the_o work_n of_o destiny_n be_v in_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v to_o be_v perfect_v by_o it_o of_o necessity_n for_o in_o it_o thing_n be_v effect_v of_o necessity_n the_o work_n of_o nature_n be_v generation_n augmentation_n corruption_n plant_n and_o living-creature_n the_o work_n of_o fortune_n be_v in_o thing_n that_o be_v very_o rare_a and_o unexpected_a for_o they_o define_v fortune_n to_o be_v the_o concurrence_n and_o meet_v of_o two_o cause_n which_o have_v their_o beginning_n from_o our_o will_n and_o choice_n and_o yet_o produce_v in_o the_o end_n somewhat_o else_o then_o be_v intend_v by_o the_o thing_n do_v as_o when_o he_o that_o be_v dig_v of_o a_o ditch_n find_v treasure_n for_o neither_o he_o who_o there_o lay_v the_o treasure_n have_v any_o purpose_n it_o shall_v be_v so_o find_v neither_o have_v the_o finder_n any_o intent_n to_o dig_v for_o treasure_n but_o the_o purpose_n of_o the_o one_o be_v to_o take_v it_o thence_o when_o he_o himself_o think_v fit_a and_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o other_o be_v to_o make_v a_o ditch_n and_o there_o fall_v out_o another_o thing_n beside_o those_o which_o be_v purpose_v by_o
plant_v there_o be_v likewise_o freewill_n for_o either_o he_o be_v no_o reasonable-creature_n or_o else_o if_o he_o be_v a_o reasonable-creature_n he_o have_v power_n over_o the_o beginning_n of_o his_o own_o action_n and_o in_o have_v that_o power_n have_v also_o freewill_n it_o have_v be_v declare_v also_o that_o thing_n compose_v of_o a_o material_a subject_n have_v a_o mutability_n in_o they_o out_o of_o which_o together_o with_o what_o have_v be_v say_v before_o it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o there_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v in_o man_n both_o freewill_n and_o mutability_n mutability_n because_o he_o be_v make_v of_o matter_n and_o freewill_n because_o he_o be_v endue_v with_o reason_n whosoever_o therefore_o find_v fault_n with_o god_n for_o that_o he_o do_v not_o so_o make_v man_n at_o the_o first_o that_o he_o may_v not_o fall_v unto_o vice_n but_o give_v he_o his_o own_o choice_n sure_o those_o man_n be_v not_o aware_a that_o they_o reprove_v god_n for_o make_v man_n reasonable_a and_o not_o rather_o a_o unreasonable-creature_n for_o one_o of_o these_o two_o be_v unavoidable_o necessary_a either_o man_n shall_v have_v be_v make_v void_a of_o reason_n or_o else_o be_v endue_v with_o reason_n and_o exercise_v in_o action_n he_o must_v have_v in_o he_o freewill_n yea_o and_o thereupon_o it_o follow_v also_o of_o necessity_n that_o every_o nature_n endue_v with_o reason_n have_v freewill_n and_o be_v mutable_a of_o his_o own_o nature_n but_o those_o nature_n have_v especial_o a_o mutability_n in_o they_o which_o be_v make_v of_o a_o material_a subject_n aswell_o in_o respect_n that_o they_o be_v make_v as_o in_o regard_n they_o be_v make_v of_o matter_n whereas_o those_o nature_n which_o be_v not_o make_v of_o matter_n as_o the_o subject_n have_v mutability_n in_o they_o but_o in_o one_o respect_n only_o namely_o in_o that_o they_o be_v make_v moreover_o so_o many_o of_o those_o immaterial_a nature_n as_o be_v conversant_a in_o earthly_a matter_n and_o intermedle_v with_o such_o inferior_a thing_n as_o be_v to_o be_v do_v by_o reason_n of_o communicate_v with_o man_n by_o so_o much_o they_o become_v more_o mutable_a than_o other_o of_o that_o immaterial_a nature_n and_o so_o many_o of_o they_o as_o direct_v the_o excellency_n of_o their_o nature_n to_o approach_v near_o unto_o god_n with_o a_o inclination_n to_o love_v he_o and_o to_o enjoy_v a_o bless_a estate_n in_o the_o mind_v and_o fruition_n of_o he_o so_o bend_v themselves_o inward_a and_o unto_o god_n only_o that_o they_o whole_o estrange_v themselves_o from_o outward_a and_o material_a thing_n those_o by_o that_o mean_n become_v so_o familiar_a with_o contemplation_n and_o with_o god_n that_o they_o still_o remain_v without_o mutation_n have_v a_o freewill_n in_o that_o they_o be_v endue_v with_o reason_n and_o yet_o be_v not_o now_o subject_a unto_o alteration_n for_o the_o forementioned_a cause_n and_o this_o need_v not_o be_v wonder_v at_o for_o even_o those_o man_n also_o which_o give_v themselves_o to_o contemplation_n and_o sequester_v themselves_o from_o the_o inordinate_a love_n and_o meddle_v in_o worldly_a affair_n do_v and_o may_v attain_v unto_o a_o immutable_a condition_n and_o unto_o a_o estate_n of_o grace_n from_o which_o there_o be_v no_o fall_v away_o now_o i_o do_v suppose_v that_o this_o with_o what_o be_v former_o say_v have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o in_o the_o beginning_n all_o the_o reasonable_a creature_n be_v create_v in_o so_o excellent_a a_o condition_n that_o if_o they_o have_v remain_v such_o as_o they_o be_v make_v they_o shall_v have_v be_v void_a of_o all_o vice_n and_o that_o their_o viciousness_n who_o have_v be_v corrupt_v come_v unto_o they_o by_o their_o own_o will_n for_o it_o so_o fall_v out_o that_o they_o who_o remain_v in_o the_o condition_n wherein_o they_o be_v place_v by_o their_o creation_n be_v settle_v in_o a_o most_o bless_a estate_n of_o incorporeal_a nature_n angel_n alone_o have_v be_v alter_v yet_o not_o all_o of_o they_o but_o some_o part_n even_o so_o many_o only_a as_o creep_v doneward_o depart_v from_o that_o inclination_n which_o they_o have_v to_o supreme_a thing_n and_o the_o contemplation_n of_o god._n it_o be_v make_v plain_a by_o the_o thing_n afore_o prove_v that_o the_o power_n of_o our_o will_n be_v mutable_a because_o we_o be_v of_o a_o mutable_a nature_n and_o yet_o no_o man_n can_v blame_v god_n as_o if_o he_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o we_o be_v evil_a in_o regard_n the_o faculty_n be_v mutable_a which_o he_o give_v unto_o we_o for_o vice_n consist_v not_o in_o our_o faculty_n but_o in_o habit_n and_o our_o habit_n depend_v upon_o our_o will_n and_o it_o be_v therefore_o the_o fault_n of_o our_o will_n that_o we_o be_v evil_a and_o not_o original_o of_o our_o nature_n but_o our_o meaning_n shall_v be_v more_o plain_o understand_v by_o this_o that_o follow_v we_o have_v say_v hereto_o fore_o that_o a_o faculty_n be_v a_o power_n whereby_o we_o be_v able_a to_o put_v in_o execution_n whatsoever_o we_o do_v and_o in_o all_o the_o faculty_n belong_v to_o our_o choice_n the_o selfsame_a concern_v both_o the_o contrary_n as_o for_o example_n there_o be_v the_o same_o faculty_n of_o lie_v and_o of_o speak_a truth_n one_o and_o the_o same_o faculty_n of_o temperance_n and_o wantonness_n but_o it_o can_v be_v that_o in_o contrary_a thing_n there_o shall_v be_v the_o same_o habit_n as_o in_o wantonness_n and_o temperance_n or_o in_o lie_v and_o speak_v truth_n because_o of_o contrary_a thing_n the_o habit_n be_v contrary_a for_o the_o habit_n which_o concern_v temperance_n belong_v to_o virtue_n but_o all_o intemperance_n be_v of_o vice_n and_o therefore_o the_o vice_n do_v not_o depend_v upon_o the_o faculty_n which_o be_v in_o we_o but_o upon_o our_o habit_n and_o our_o will_n and_o it_o be_v not_o a_o faculty_n which_o make_v we_o wantoness_n or_o liar_n but_o our_o will_n for_o if_o we_o will_v we_o may_v speak_v the_o truth_n and_o not_o lie_v see_v then_o vice_n be_v not_o a_o faculty_n but_o a_o habit_n god_n be_v not_o cause_n of_o our_o naughtiness_n which_o give_v we_o the_o faculty_n but_o a_o habit_n be_v cause_n thereof_o which_o be_v in_o we_o proceed_v from_o ourselves_o and_o by_o ourselves_o &_o for_o ourselves_o for_o if_o we_o will_v endeavour_v thereafter_o we_o may_v instead_o of_o a_o evill-habit_n attain_v unto_o the_o contrary_a thereof_o now_o a_o faculty_n do_v herein_o differ_v from_o a_o habit_n all_o faculty_n be_v natural_a but_o habit_n be_v procure_v by_o use_n yea_o and_o here_o also_o they_o differ_v our_o faculty_n be_v in_o we_o without_o teach_v and_o our_o habit_n be_v get_v by_o learning_n and_o custom_n if_o therefore_o the_o faculty_n that_o be_v in_o we_o be_v natural_a and_o without_o teach_v and_o the_o habit_n get_v by_o use_n and_o learning_n than_o it_o can_v be_v that_o our_o original_a nature_n shall_v be_v the_o cause_n our_o wickedness_n but_o rather_o our_o evil_a education_n whereby_o we_o have_v get_v a_o evil_a habit_n for_o that_o our_o habit_n come_v unto_o we_o by_o custom_n it_o have_v be_v already_o declare_v and_o that_o our_o faculty_n be_v in_o we_o by_o nature_n it_o be_v evident_a by_o this_o that_o all_o man_n have_v the_o same_o faculty_n except_o those_o which_o be_v someway_o maim_v or_o lame_a and_o that_o the_o habit_n be_v not_o natural_a be_v as_o evident_a by_o this_o that_o all_o have_v not_o the_o same_o habit_n but_o some_o of_o they_o habit_n of_o one_o sort_n and_o some_o of_o another_o whereas_o thing_n that_o be_v natural_a be_v find_v in_o all_o cap._n 42._o sect_n 1._o i._o of_o providence_n and_o first_o that_o there_o be_v a_o providence_n and_o for_o what_o good_a cause_n both_o jew_n and_o christian_n ought_v to_o believe_v it_o ii_o the_o same_o be_v illustrate_v to_o heathen_a man_n by_o argument_n and_o demonstration_n agreeable_a to_o their_o knowledge_n iii_o proof_n thereof_o by_o thing_n also_o general_o confess_v it_o be_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v that_o man_n have_v freewill_n as_o also_o wherein_o his_o freewill_n consist_v and_o for_o what_o cause_n he_o be_v create_v with_o freewill_n now_o forasmuch_o as_o every_o one_o who_o purpose_v to_o murder_v a_o man_n do_v not_o always_o put_v the_o same_o in_o execution_n but_o sometime_o fulfil_v his_o murderous_a intent_n and_o sometime_o not_o because_o his_o purpose_n be_v hinder_v have_v not_o effect_v according_a thereunto_o and_o whereas_o we_o have_v say_v that_o providence_n be_v cause_n thereof_o &_o not_o destiny_n it_o follow_v consequent_o after_o the_o tract_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v in_o our_o power_n that_o we_o speak_v next_o of_o providence_n we_o will_v divide_v our_o discourse_n into_o three_o part_n the_o first_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v a_o providence_n the_o
they_o the_o work_n of_o chance_n be_v such_o as_o befall_v unreasonable_a and_o inanimate_a creature_n without_o nature_n or_o art_n now_o if_o a_o man_n be_v neither_o the_o cause_n nor_o beginning_n of_o his_o own_o action_n under_o which_o of_o these_o may_v we_o contain_v the_o thing_n which_o be_v do_v by_o he_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a nor_o comely_a to_o ascribe_v unto_o god_n those_o action_n of_o man_n which_o be_v unclean_a or_o unjust_a neither_o may_v we_o ascribe_v they_o to_o necessity_n because_o they_o can_v be_v true_o account_v among_o those_o thing_n which_o continue_v always_o after_o one_o manner_n nor_o may_v we_o impute_v they_o to_o nature_n for_o the_o work_n of_o nature_n be_v living-creature_n and_o plant_n nor_o to_o fortune_n for_o the_o action_n of_o man_n be_v not_o rare_a or_o unlooked_a for_o nor_o belong_v they_o to_o chance_v because_o thing_n casual_a belong_v to_o inanimate_a and_o irrational_a creature_n therefore_o it_o remain_v undeniable_a that_o the_o man_n himself_o which_o work_v &_o accomplish_v such_o or_o such_o thing_n be_v the_o beginner_n of_o his_o own_o action_n and_o have_v freewill_n moreover_o if_o man_n be_v the_o beginner_n of_o no_o action_n of_o his_o own_o all_o consultation_n be_v superfluous_a in_o he_o for_o to_o what_o end_n be_v deliberation_n if_o he_o have_v no_o action_n in_o his_o own_o power_n but_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o very_a absurd_a thing_n to_o affirm_v that_o to_o be_v superflous_a in_o man_n which_o be_v best_a and_o most_o honourable_a in_o he_o if_o then_o he_o do_v consult_v he_o consult_v about_o the_o do_n of_o some_o thing_n for_o all_o deliberation_n do_v concern_v the_o execution_n of_o some_o action_n moreover_o of_o whatsoever_o thing_n the_o faculty_n of_o do_v the_o same_o be_v in_o our_o power_n the_o act_v also_o of_o those_o thing_n and_o the_o exercise_v of_o that_o faculty_n be_v in_o our_o power_n but_o a_o faculty_n to_o work_v according_a to_o the_o virtue_n be_v in_o our_o power_n therefore_o the_o virtue_n also_o be_v in_o our_o power_n now_o that_o the_o faculty_n to_o work_v according_a to_o virtue_n be_v in_o our_o power_n it_o be_v very_o elegant_o declare_v by_o aristotle_n where_o he_o treat_v of_o the_o moral_a virtue_n that_o say_v he_o which_o we_o learn_v by_o practice_n we_o practise_v when_o we_o have_v learn_v it_o for_o while_o we_o learn_v to_o master_v our_o pleasure_n we_o become_v temperate_a and_o when_o we_o be_v temperate_a we_o become_v the_o master_n of_o our_o pleasure_n we_o may_v argue_v also_o in_o this_o manner_n it_o be_v confess_v of_o all_o that_o practice_n and_o the_o exercise_n of_o thing_n be_v in_o our_o power_n but_o practice_n bear_v sway_n in_o habit_n for_o custom_n be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o purchase_a nature_n if_o then_o practise_v rule_v the_o habit_n and_o if_o practise_v be_v in_o our_o power_n than_o the_o habit_n also_o must_v be_v in_o our_o power_n yea_o and_o the_o action_n also_o who_o habit_n be_v in_o our_o power_n and_o which_o be_v effect_v according_a to_o those_o habit_n must_v be_v in_o our_o power_n also_o because_o the_o action_n be_v conformable_a to_o the_o habit_n he_o than_o which_o have_v the_o habit_n of_o justice_n will_v do_v just_a thing_n and_o he_o that_o have_v a_o habit_n of_o injury_n will_v do_v injurious_a thing_n therefore_o god_n have_v give_v we_o a_o power_n to_o be_v just_a or_o unjust_a our_o counsel_v also_o and_o our_o exhort_v of_o one_o another_o do_v declare_v that_o there_o be_v some_o thing_n in_o our_o power_n for_o no_o man_n do_v exhort_v we_o not_o to_o be_v hungry_a or_o not_o to_o thirst_v or_o to_o fly_v in_o the_o air_n because_o these_o thing_n be_v not_o in_o our_o power_n therefore_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o those_o thing_n whereunto_o our_o exhortation_n do_v serve_v be_v in_o our_o power_n moreover_o if_o nothing_o be_v in_o our_o power_n than_o our_o law_n be_v superfluous_a but_o every_o nation_n use_v some_o law_n natural_o as_o know_v that_o they_o have_v power_n to_o do_v such_o thing_n as_o their_o law_n enjoin_v and_o many_o nation_n have_v ascribe_v the_o make_n of_o their_o law_n to_o the_o god_n as_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o crete_n to_o jupiter_n and_o the_o lacedaemonian_n to_o apollo_n therefore_o the_o knowledge_n that_o such_o thing_n be_v in_o our_o power_n be_v natural_o disperse_v among_o all_o man_n the_o like_a may_v be_v infer_v upon_o the_o praise_n or_o dispraise_n which_o follow_v those_o thing_n of_o which_o we_o make_v choice_n of_o and_o of_o all_o those_o other_o circumstance_n aforemention_v which_o disprove_v that_o all_o thing_n be_v do_v by_o destiny_n cap._n 40._o i._o of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v in_o our_o power_n and_o wherein_o our_o freewill_n consist_v ii_o a_o reproof_n aswell_o of_o they_o who_o conceive_v that_o man_n freewill_n extend_v to_o every_o thing_n as_o of_o those_o who_o deny_v he_o to_o have_v any_o freewill_n at_o all_o iii_o the_o beginning_n or_o choice_n both_o of_o good_a and_o evil_a thing_n be_v in_o our_o power_n but_o not_o their_o event_n that_o so_o neither_o divine_a providence_n nor_o humane_a faculty_n may_v be_v superfluous_a evident_o enough_o appear_v it_o that_o some_o thing_n be_v in_o our_o power_n and_o that_o we_o have_v some_o action_n at_o our_o dispose_n it_o now_o remain_v that_o we_o declare_v what_o thing_n they_o be_v which_o be_v in_o our_o power_n we_o say_v in_o general_a that_o all_o thing_n which_o we_o do_v voluntary_o be_v in_o our_o power_n because_o it_o can_v not_o else_o be_v true_o verify_v that_o the_o thing_n be_v do_v voluntary_o which_o be_v not_o in_o our_o power_n and_o because_o general_o all_o those_o thing_n whereupon_o ensue_v praise_n or_o dispraise_v and_o those_o also_o wherein_o we_o use_v exhortation_n or_o law_n be_v in_o our_o power_n as_o be_v afore_o declare_v but_o thing_n which_o be_v proper_o in_o our_o power_n be_v all_o such_o thing_n as_o belong_v unto_o the_o mind_n and_o those_o whereof_o we_o may_v consult_v for_o our_o consult_v of_o they_o do_v imply_v that_o it_o be_v in_o our_o power_n to_o execute_v that_o which_o be_v propose_v and_o consult_v of_o and_o we_o have_v declare_v in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o this_o treatise_n that_o consultation_n and_o deliberation_n fall_v out_o in_o such_o thing_n only_o as_o be_v contingent_a and_o that_o such_o thing_n only_o be_v contingent_a which_o may_v fall_v out_o either_o this_o way_n or_o that_o way_n or_o in_o a_o contrary_a manner_n it_o be_v our_o mind_n which_o make_v choice_n thereof_o &_o it_o be_v the_o begin_n of_o our_o action_n &_o those_o be_v contingent_a thing_n which_o be_v in_o our_o power_n to_o be_v move_v or_o not_o to_o be_v move_v to_o attempt_v or_o not_o to_o attempt_v to_o desire_v thing_n unnecessary_a or_o not_o desire_v they_o to_o lie_v or_o speak_v truth_n to_o give_v or_o not_o to_o give_v to_o rejoice_v in_o such_o thing_n as_o we_o ought_v or_o not_o to_o rejoice_v and_o all_o such_o other_o thing_n like_v unto_o these_o wherein_o consist_v the_o work_n of_o vice_n and_o virtue_n for_o herein_o consist_v our_o freewill_n the_o art_n also_o be_v account_v among_o such_o thing_n as_o may_v alike_o fall_v out_o or_o not_o fall_v out_o for_o every_o art_n bring_v forth_o such_o thing_n as_o may_v both_o be_v do_v and_o leave_v undo_v and_o such_o thing_n also_o as_o have_v the_o beginning_n in_o the_o doer_n and_o not_o in_o the_o thing_n themselves_o which_o be_v do_v but_o neither_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v eternal_a and_o in_o that_o respect_n thing_n of_o necessity_n neither_o any_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v do_v of_o necessity_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v by_o art_n nor_o be_v any_o of_o those_o thing_n say_v to_o be_v do_v by_o art_n which_o be_v contingent_a and_o may_v be_v do_v otherwise_o if_o they_o have_v their_o efficient_a cause_n in_o themselves_o as_o in_o living-creature_n and_o in_o plant_n which_o be_v make_v by_o nature_n not_o by_o art_n if_o therefore_o the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o thing_n make_v by_o art_n be_v without_o themselves_o than_o who_o be_v cause_n of_o the_o thing_n make_v by_o art_n but_o the_o artificer_n which_o make_v they_o and_o if_o the_o make_n of_o they_o belong_v unto_o he_o then_o be_v he_o the_o beginning_n and_o cause_n of_o his_o own_o action_n and_o therefore_o also_o the_o work_a according_a to_o art_n and_o virtue_n and_o all_o action_n of_o man_n mind_n and_o of_o reason_n be_v in_o man_n power_n and_o what_o action_n they_o be_v i_o have_v declare_v already_o now_o the_o most_o part_n of_o man_n suppose_v that_o we_o be_v say_v to_o have_v this_o freewill_n in_o every_o thing_n which_o we_o