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A66045 An essay towards a real character, and a philosophical language by John Wilkins ... Wilkins, John, 1614-1672.; Wilkins, John, 1614-1672. Alphabetical dictionary. 1668 (1668) Wing W2196; Wing W2176_CANCELLED; ESTC R21115 531,738 644

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way of Excess over-saying boasting flattering or of Defect under-saying detraction So to Equality the Opposite common is Inequality imparity disparity the excess of which is Superiority and the defect Inferiority This is natural to all Radixes that have double Opposites though instituted Languages have not provided words to express it 3. Many of the Synonymous word● put to the Radixes are referred to more heads then one upon account of their various equivocal acceptions And besides such words or phrases as are more plainly Synonymous there is likewise an addition of such other as are either more immediate derivations whether Adjectives Verbs Adverbs or more mediate being by composition to be made off from those Radixes to which they are adjoyned Of which I shall give an instance or two under each of the six general Heads In the Table of Transcendentals T. III. 2. the Radical is GOODNESS to which these other words are adjoyned Weal welfare right regular well rectifie better best Amongst which the words Weal welfare are mentioned as Synonoma denoting such a state of being as is desirable and are supposed to be Substantives Neuter Well-doing or Good action is the Substan Act. The words Good right regular are the Positive adjectives from the root Better best are the Comparative and Superlative adjectives Well right c. are the Adverbs Rectifie is good make and to be expressed by composition with the Transcendental particle of Cause So for the Opposite to this EVI●NESS to which these words are adjoyned Ill bad naught wrong amiss shrewd scurvy lewd horrid horrible corrupt pravity deprave sin fault trespass transgress-ion Peccadillo worse Amongst which the words Badness pravity are Synonymous to the Radicals and supposed to be Substantives newter The words Sin fault trespass trangression will be Substan Act. which being compounded with the Transcendental Particle Diminutive or Augmentative will denote a Peccadillo or small fault or an Enormity or heinous crime The words Evil ill bad naught wrong corrupt are Adjectives of this root and being compounded with the Transcendental Particle of Augmentative will be of the same importance with those other words Shrewd scurvy lewd horrid horrible c. The words Ill amiss wrong badly naughtily are the Adverbs The words denoting to sin trespass transgress are the Verb. Act. which being compounded with the Transcendental Particle of Cause will signifie Corrupt deprave So in the Tables of Substance Be. II. 1. the Radical is KINE signifying the Bovinum genus the other words reduced to it are Bull Cow Ox Calf Heifer Bullock Steer Beef Veal Runt Bellow Low Heard Cowheard Some of which are to be made off from this root by compositions with the Transcendental Particles So the Root Kine with the Transcendent Part. will signifie Male Bull Bullock Steere Female COW Heifer Steere Young Calf Voice Bellow Low Dimin Runt Aggregate Heard Officer Cowheard The rest are to be made off by other Compositions So Ox is untesticled or gelt Bull Beef Veal is the flesh of Kine or Calf Be. II. 2 The Radical is SHEEP to which are adjoyned the words Ram Yew Lamb Weather Mutton Bleat Fold Flock Shepheard Each of which words are to be made off from this radical ●y some kind of compositions The word Sheep being compounded with the Transcend Particle of will signifie Male Ram. Female Yew Young Lamb. Voice Bleating Sepiment Fold Sheepfold Aggregate Flock Officer Shepheard Gelt Ram is Weather Flesh of Sheep is Mutton Mag. III. A. the Radical is FIGURE to which these other words are annexed viz. Shape Feature Fashion Form Frame Scheme Lineament the make well set or proportioned transform transfigure deface disfigure Amongst which the former words Shape Feature Fashion Form Frame Scheme Lineament the make are according to one of those senses wherein each of them is commonly used the more mediate Synonyma the rest are to be made off by composition either with Transcendental particles of the word change transform transfigure Perfective well-set or proportioned Corruptive defaced disfigured Sp. I. 1. The Radical is PRESENT to which is adjoyned at this time now immediately instantly current ready The more immediate Synonyma are This time or instant The words Current ready are Adjectives Now immediately instantly are the Adverbs of this root One of the Opposites to this Radical is PAST or time past to which these other words are put Expired former foregone ago already even now heretofore gone over out a-late erewhile long since which are thus to be made off The words Expired former foregone over out are the Adjectives of this root The words already heretofore out are the Adverbs which being compounded with the Transcendental Particle Augment will signifie A great while ago long since Dimin will signifie Even now a-late erewhile a little while ago The other Opposite is FUTURE to which these words are adjoyned Time to come after time hereafter presently anon by and by shortly straitway ere long henceforth process of time after a long while Amongst which these words or phrases Time to come after time process of time are Synonymous substantives Hereafter henceforth are Adverbs which being compounded with the Transcendental Particle of Augment will signifie After a long while Diminut. will signifie Presently by and by anon shortly straitway ere long Sp. II. 3. is the Radical NEARNESS to which these other words are added Vicinity Propinquity Proximity nigh next close adjacent adjoyn neighbouring imminent impendent immediate ready at hand accost draw on approach at by hard by beside hithermost Amongst which the words Vicinity Propinquity Proximity are Synonymous substantives Nigh close adjacent adjoyning neighbouring imminent impendent immediate next hithermost are Adjectives By hard by at at hand besides are Adverbs Approach accost draw neer or on are Verbs So for the Opposite to this REMOTENESS to which are adjoyned the words farr farther aloof wide of distant utmost ultimate great way off Amongst which the words far farther distant utmost ultimate are Adjectives Aloof wide of a great way off are Adverbs NP. II. 3. the radical word is MEMORY to which these other words are adjoyned Recollect recal commemorate remember call or come to mind put in mind suggest record recount con over getting by heart by rote without book at ones fingers ends memorable Memorial Memorandum mindful Amongst which the words Remember commemorate record recount are Verbs which being compounded with the Transc Particle Cause will signifie Suggest put in mind or cause to remember Endeavour will signifie For the present Recal recollect call to mind Endeavour will signifie For the future Con over get by heart by rote c. Mindful is an Adject Neut Memorable is an Adj. Pass Abstr. Memorandum Memorial is to be compounded with the Transcend Part. Sign denoting a Sign for remembrance NP. V. 9. the Radical is SWIFTNESS to which these other words are adjoyned Fleetness Celerity Speed fast apace quick sudden rapid hurry accelerate hasten cursory hye expedite run scud
of those things being left out which do properly belong to this number which defects are here intended to be in some measure supplied Tho it must be granted that by reason of the exceeding comprehensiveness of some notions and the extreme subtilty of others as likewise because of the streightness of that method which I am bound up to by these Tables it will so fall out that several things cannot be disposed of so accurately as they ought to be The several things belonging to Metaphysical or Transcendental notions may be comprehended under these three Heads namely such as are either more Absolute conteining the Kinds Causes Differences and Modes of things which I take the liberty to call TRANSCENDENTAL GENERAL Relative whether Mixed and common both to Quantity Quality Whole and Part stiled TRANSCENDENTAL MIXED Simple and proper to Action viz. TRANSCENDENTAL relation of ACTION The most Universal conceptions of Things are usually stiled TRANSCENDENTAL Metaphysic-all To which may be annexed by way of affinity that general name which denotes those highest and most common heads under which the several kinds of things may be reduced in an orderly series viz. PREDICAMENT Category Transcendentals general may be distributed into such as do concern the nature of things according to their KINDS I. CAUSES II. Differences ●ore ABSOLUTE and Common III. Relative to Action considering THE END IV. THE MEANS V. MODES VI. I. That common Essence wherein things of different natures do agree is called GENUS general common Kind That common nature which is communicable to several Individuals is called SPECIES Sort or special kind specifie specifical Breed These common kinds may be distinguished into such as are either more properly Transcendental namely those most universal and comprehensive Terms which fall under Discourse relating to The first and most general Conception of which the Vnderstanding takes notice as most known 1. BEING Entity Essence Existence subsist am is extant NOTHING Nought null none annul disannul annihilate abrogate abolish void undoe cancel evacuate Ciphre Those Beings which ‖ are truly such or those which our Senses mistake for Beings 2. THING Affair Matter Business Case real-ly indeed APPARENCE Apparition Phantasm Shew Vision Elusion and vanish Similitudes of Beings formed in our Minds either ‖ by apprehension of things that are or imagination of things that are not 3. NOTION Conception FICTION Figment make feign frame devise counterfet forge coin mint Fable Apologue Romance Tale Legend Mythology Fairy Nymph Centaur Griffin Bugbear Goblin Chymera Atlantis Vtopia The words assigned for the signifying of several Things and Notions to which that common name for the signifying of particular rational Beings may be annexed though less properly 4 NAME Style Title Titular Compellation Appellation nominate denominate Sirname Inscription Nomenclator anonymous call Nown Term. PERSON Age Party No-body Wight Predicamental those chief Heads under which other Terms may be reduced denoting either Such things as ‖ subsist by themselves or which according to the old Logical definition require a subject of inhesion Though they are indeed nothing but the modes of Substance 5. SUBSTANCE subsist ACCIDENT-all That habitude of things whereby they may be said to have parts distinct and capable of division or the general disposition of things either to Action or Passion 6. QUANTITY Much Deale Mathematick QVALITY Disposition Endowment indue parts qualification manner condition estate The application of the Agent to the Patient or the reception of the force of the Agent 7. ACTION doe perform commit practise proceeding function exercise atchieve dealing Act Fact Deed Feat Exploit Passage Prank Trick play the Part. PASSION abide ail bear endure suffer undergo sustain feel capable Such things as ‖ cannot be or cannot be known without a respect to something else or which may be or may be understood of themselves without any such reference 8. RELATION refer Regard Respect Habitude correlative ABSOLVTENESS irrespective peremptory flat positive II. That which any way contributes to the producing of an effect is styled CAUSE Reason Ground Principle proceed from procure produce make constitute Influence raise put set bring to pass That which proceeds from or depends upon the Cause is styled EFFECT Event Issue Fruit accrue Success spring from become grow come of it impression Product Causes are commonly distributed into External such as are without the Effect By which things are done whether More immediate and absolute either ‖ more principal of which the first Action is or less principal and subservient to the chief Agent 1. EFFICIENT Author Maker Efficacy effectual Energy Virtue Validity Force Vigour Operation Influence frame constitute beget effect do make cause work render create bring to pass INSTRUMENT Tool Organ-ical Implement More remote and relative being either in The Agent serving either to Excite or restrain it 2. IMPULSIVE Incentive Motive Reason Ground Concitation Instigation Inducement impell stimulate stir up prick forward spur on rouse quicken irritate provoke excite egging incite Instinct Consideration put on set at or on move urge draw in COHIBITIVE restrain check curb with-hold keep short or back inhibit repress hold in bridling stint coerce confine limit no ho stay staunch moderate master controle Direct and regulate its Action either ‖ by that Idea which the Agent hath in his mind of some like case or by some Pattern before his eyes 3. EXEMPLAR Example Instance Idea Precedent Cause TYPE Pattern Platform Model Last Mold Prototype Antitype Extract Original Copy Counterpart Draught Sampler Proof Duplicate exemplifie prefigure The Patient relating to ‖ some peculiar capacity in the thing or some fitness in respect of time 4. CONDITION Proviso Salvo in case Term Case State liking Habit Qualification OCCASION al Exigence Emergence Advantage Opportunity draw provoke scandal Some third thing by which the force of the Efficient is either ‖ increased or abated 5. ADJUVANT Help Aid Assistance Succour Relief Support Advantage auxiliary subsidiary avail conduce promote farther stand in stead supply accommodate serve Co-adjutor abet take ones part stand by a stay to one forward minister relief back one IMPEDIENT hinder Obstacle Remora Clog Bar debar obstruct cumber Rub Check Dam Luggage Lumber Baggage Prejudice Disadvantage foreslow lett stop Disservice stay stand in the way trigg keep back restrain with-hold interfere For whose sake a thing is to which may be annexed the general name of such things as have any tendency to the promoting of it 6. END Aim Mark Goal Drift Intent Effect Purpose Design Scope sake Reach Reason final tend MEANS Way Shift Expedient accommodate Internal such as are within the Effect as its chief constituent parts ‖ out of which a thing is made and of which it consists or by which a thing is constituted in its being and distinguished from all other things 7. MATTER ial Stuff Substance Argument Subject Boot as fire-boot c. FORM al Essence III. Those general Names which may be styled Differences are too numerous to be placed under one common Head
‖ express by promising for another and making himself liable to the same Penalty upon the other's failing or implicit by speaking in one's behalf 6. SPONSION Stipulation Bail vouch undertake for Surety-ship Hostage Security Warrant Caution engage responsible for INTERCESSION Mediate or interpose speak for Real of ones Goods either Absolute by ingaging for the truth of a Promise either ‖ the Goods in specie or only his right to them 7. PAWN Pledge gage engage MORGAGE Security Statute Caution engage Relative by ingaging them for the success of a thing contingent ‖ either as Principal or as Accessory 8. WAGER Stake vy lay prize BET Stake vy revy JUDICIAL RELATION THe several Notions referring to matters of Law and Courts of Judicature are comprehended under that which is styled JUDICIAL RELATION forensical Court Hall extrajudicial These are distinguishable into such as concern PERSONS I. CAUSES and Actions II. Faults CAPITAL III. NOT CAPITAL IV. Punishments CAPITAL V. NOT CAPITAL VI. I. PERSONS considerable under this Head of Judicial Relation may be distinguished into such as are either More principal Persons judging Legally constituted ‖ Principal or Accessory 1. JUDGE Chancellour Commissary Censor Moderator Official Iury Inquest Doom Sentence decide determine censure Iudicatory judicial Court Bench Tribunal ASSESSOR Syndic Bencher Alderman Canons ●rebends Chapter Fellows assist Sides-men Voluntarily consented to by the parties ‖ to determin the Suit or cease the Enmity between them 2. ARBITRATOR Vmpire Days-man comprimize Referree award MEDIATOR Incercessor deal-between intermediate Mean Persons judged whether ‖ active or passive in Criminals 3. ACCUSER Informer challenge Endite-ment charge attaint peach empeach arraign tax lay to ones charge call in question Presentment Bill prosecute Promooter PRISONER or reputed Criminal Delinquent Malefactor Defendant Iudicials 4. PLAINTIF Accuser complain blame DEFENDANT Apology excuse vindicate Less principal relating either to the Iudges for ‖ Writing or saying publicly 5. NOTARY Register Remembrancer Secretary Clerk Scribe Protonotary Rolls en●oll CRIER Fetching or keeping 6. PURSEVANT Messenger Catchpole Serjeant MARSHAL Keeper Iailour Parties ‖ to advise and speak in behalf of either party or to declare the truth indifferently betwixt both of them 7. ADVOCATE Counsel Pleader maintain defend vindicate Lawyer Barresier Proctor Clyent WITNESS Evidence attest testifie Testimony Affidavit II. To the more general words of Actions or PROCEEDINGS Causes in Judicial Affairs may be annexed those less general words of SUIT Controversie implead commence Case Cause Action go to law wage law preferr a Bill Barrester Brabble These are either Antecedent on the part of the Plaintiff in ‖ giving legal notice or seizing on the person or goods of his Adversary 1. CITATION Subpoena Process call warn summon Sumner Apparitor Bailiff Beadle ARREST attach apprehend distrein seize lay hold on Embargo Serjeant Baily Catchpole Beadle Replevy Defendant ‖ giving assurance of answering in Court or coming himself or by his Substitute to answer it accordingly 2. BAIL APPEARANCE forth-coming Concomitant Preparatory by the Parties ‖ active or passive 3. ACTION Endictment Bill Process arraign implead sue commence suit wage law Barretor PLEA Apology Iudges in their ‖ taking notice of and hearing the Cause or making search into the merits of it 4. COGNIZANCE Hearing EXAMINATION Trial sift out Hearing Inquisition interrogate Scrutiny scann view review revise canvase gage pumpe out Decisive Common ‖ agreeing upon the state of the Question or determining what the merit is 5. JOYNING ISSUE SENTENCING Doom Iudgment Verdict Censure Decree Order adjudge decide determin award definitive Passive in the parties as they are found ‖ not to have transgressed the Law or having transgressed it 6. INNOCENT clear blameless harmless justifie-cation vindicate discharge cleanse purge compurgation GVI●TY nocent delinquent peccant convict culpable faulty tardy Offender Transgressor propitiate expiate Active in the Iudge pronouncing the party either ‖ free from or obnoxious to Punishment 7. ACQUITTING absolving assoil clear discharge loosing purging quit release CONDEMNING cast damn Consequent in the Parties ‖ expresly declining the Iudgment or referring the Cause to some higher Iudicature 8. PROTESTING APPEALING Iudges by ‖ inflicting the Punishment or freeing from it 9. EXECUTING inflict suffer Executioner Hangman PARDONING forgiving remit release venial Indulgence put up III CRIMES CAPITAL Enormity facinorous criminal Malefactor such as are or ought to be punished with Death may be distinguished into such Offences as are more immediately against God and Religion namely the ‖ confederating with evil spirits to which may be adjoyned for affinity though not counted capital the pretending to discover secret and foretel future things by foolish forbidden Arts. 1. WITCHCRAFT Conjuring Necromancy Sorcery Black-art Magic enchant fascinate fore speak Charm Spell Cunning-man WIZARDING Manteia Divining Gypsie Fortune-telling Soothsaying Sorcery Augury Astrology Geomancy Pyromancy Physiognomy Cheiromancy Palmistry Sigil Talisman Man whether A public person or Magistrate More general implying ‖ declared hostility against him or exposing him to his enemies 2. TREASON Traitor betray CONSPIRACY betraying More particular ‖ a forcible opposing of him by Arms or occasioning some illegal tumultuous dissension in the Multitude 3. REBELLION Rising Insurrection Defection Revolt take head SEDITION Commotion Combustion Riot Vproar Mutiny Tumult Hurly-burly Scuffle Stirrs Quoil Racket Boute-feu Incendiary turbulent Any private person according to the General name by which it is called in our English Laws 4. FELONY Particular kinds distinguishable by their Objects as being against Life by taking it away illegally 5. MURTHER Assassin-ate Homicide Manslaughter Massacre Parricide cut-throat blood-thirsty Chastity by unnatural coition either ‖ with Beasts or Males 6. BESTIALITY Buggery SODOMY Buggery Catamite Estate with respect to another's Goods taking them away either ‖ openly and forcibly or secretly and by craft 7. ROBBERY Rapine Sacrilege Thief Bandito Pyrate Pickeroon pillage take a purse THEFT steal purloin lurch fi●ch pilser nim surreptitious Plagiary Sacrilege Cut-purse Pick-pocket light-fingered Larceny Habitation ‖ by burning it or breaking into it 8. HOUSE-BURNING Incendiary BURGLARY House-breaking IV. Crimes or FAULTS NOT CAPITAL may be distinguished into such as are General any action against ones Right especially with contempt of the Person 1. INJURY Wrong Harm Trespass Hurt Grievance Abuse Dammage AFFRONT Contumely Outrage Slur Despite Indignity put a trick on Special against Chastity whether ‖ by a single or a married person 2. FORNICATION Whore●dom Courtesan Concubine Harlot Trull Punk Leman Quean Drab Strumpet prostitute deflour stuprate vitiate wenching Brothel Stews Bawd Pander ADULTERY Concubine Estate General ‖ by unjust getting or keeping of another's Right 3. USURPATION incroach intrench grow upon invade intrude thrust in DETENTION with-holding keep back Particular as to the manner of it by abusing Skill in ‖ taking advantage of another man's ignorance especially in actions of Commerce or misusing his own skill in the falsifying of a thing 4. FRAUD Deceit Guile Cozening Delusion Collusion Illusion dodge trepan over-reach prevaricate circumvent go-beyond impose gull
rest being to be sought for in the larger Table Those that are paired by way of opposition are put in a distinct Character The first Part and the former half of the second do contain a Philosophical Dictionary for all Integral Radical words The remaining Part doth contain all the Particles necessary to Speech besides a Summary of the whole Grammar with reference both to the Character and Language which I conceive to be so plainly set down as not to need any particular explication But now because there is no more general inclination amongst persons of all Ages and Qualities then that of Gaming which Men can continue at for a long time with much pleasure and are least apt to be weary of Therefore the reducing of the Learning of this Character to a Game may be a special help and furtherance to it In order to which it were not difficult to shew how it might be brought into several Games like to those either at Dice or Cards Of the former of which I had once thought to have given an instance with relation to the Particles by which it would be easie to understand how the like might be done for all the rest But upon second thoughts I do at present forbear it TRANS. G. PREDIC I Kind● Species 1 Being Nothing 2 Thing Appearance 3 Notion Fiction 4 Name Person 5 Substance Accident 6 Quantity Quality 7 Action Passion 8 Relation Absoluteness II Cause ●●●fect 1 Efficient Instrument 2 Impulsive Cohibitive 3 Exemplar Type 4 Condition Occasion 5 Adjuvant Impedient 6 F●nd Means 7 Matter Form III Dive●sity 〈◊〉 1 Truth Falshood 2 Goodness Evilness 3 Positiveness Privativeness 4 Genuineness Spuriousness 5 Actualness Potentialness 6 ●●niteness Infiniteness 7 Naturalness Factitiousness ● Simplicity Mixedness ● Perfection Imperfection IV Dit●e●ence Conveniency 1 Profitableness Hurtfulness 2 Pleasantness Vnpleasantness 3 Dueness Vndueness 4 Possibility Impossibility 5 Importance Vanity ● Worthiness Vnworthiness V Dif rel to the Meanes 1 Lawfulness Indifferency 2 Decency Indecency 3 Safety Danger 4 Easiness Difficulty 5 Gentleness Violence 6 Congruity Contrariety 7 Expediency Inconveniency 8 Necessity Contingence VI M●de   1 ●ubject Adjunct 2 Object   3 Circumstance Solemnity 4 State   5 Signe   6 Room as Suc. Stead as Subst 7 Degree Impetus 8 Turn Reciprocation 9 Cognation Opposition TRANS. REL MIX I Of Quan more Ger.   1 Indifferent Greatnes little 2 Mediocrity Abund scarcity 3 Sufficiency Ex. deficiency 4 Indifferent Excell sorry 5 Equal Superior infer 6 Equivalency Betternes wors 7 At a stand Increase dimin 8 Just temper Intention remis 9 Keep at a stay Mending marr II Of Contin Quan 1 Length Shortness 2 Bredth Narrowness 3 Deepness Shallowness 4 Highness Lowness 5 Thickness Thinness III Disco●tin Quan   1 Multitude Fewness 2 Singularity Plurality 3 Particularity Vniversality 4 Specialness Generalness 5 Evenness Odness 6 Segregateness Aggregateness 7 Series Catalogue 8 Suit   IV Of Qual more largely   1 Primitiveness Derivativeness 2 Immediatenes Mediateness 3 Absoluteness Dependency 4 Principalness Accessoriness 5 Pertinency Impertinency 6 Properness Commonness V 〈…〉 more strictly   1 Likeness Vnlikeness 2 Order Confusion 3 Ordinariness Extraordinari 4 Regularness Exorbitancy 5 Publickness Privateness 6 Ornateness Homeliness 7 Purity Defilement VI Of Whole Part 1 Best part Worst part 2 Say Vantage 3 Scum Sediment 4 Lump Powder 5 Chip Fragment 6 Additum Sum 7 Ablatum Residue 8 Multiplier Product 9 Divisor Quotient TRANS. REL of ACT. I Belonging to sing things   1 Putting Altering 2 Apropriating Alienating 3 Claiming Abdicating 4 Taking Leaving 5 Having Wanting 6 Holding Letting go 7 Seeking Finding 8 Shewing Concealing 9 Manifesting Seeming II To diverse things   1 Joyning Separating 2 Adhering Abandoning 3 Applying Abstracting 4 Comprehend Exempting 5 Comparing Trying 6 Repeating Changing 7 Restoring compensating 8 Representing Imitating 9 Repairing Spoiling III Businesse Leasure 1 Designing Undertaking 2 Preparing Furnishing 3 Beginning Offering 4 Endeavouring Essaying 5 Dispatching Protracting 6 Performing Violating 7 Finishing Miscarrying 8 Erring Omitting 9 Preventing Remedying IV Commerce   1 Yielding Submitting to 2 Offering Demanding 3 Delivering Receiving 4 Giving Accepting 5 Disbursing Refunding 6 Reckoning Ballancing 7 Being Credi Being debtor 8 Paying Failing 9 Acquitting Forgiving V Event   1 Obtaining Frustrating 2 Gaining Losing 3 Saving Spending 4 Laying up Squandering 5 Keeping Loosing 6 Using Abstaining 7 Injoying Being sick of 8 Refreshing Wearying 9 Quieting Troubling VI ●●●on Stap●●g 1 Coming Going 2 Proceeding Turning 3 Travelling Wandring 4 Sending Fetching 5 Leading Driving 6 Following Overtaking 7 Meeting Avoyding DISCOURS LANG Elements   1 Letter Character 2 Vowell Consonant 3 Syllable Dypthong 4 Interpunction Hyphen 5 Comma Semicolon 6 Colon Period 7 Parenthesis Parathesis 8 Emphasis Irony 9 Accent P. Accent E. II Word Me●ning 1 Integrall Particle 2 Abstract Concrete 3 Substantive Adjective 4 Verbe Adverbe deri 5 Subject Predicate 6 Copula   7 Pronoun Interjection 8 Preposition Article 9 Adverb und Conjunction III Complex Gram. parts 1 Clause Sentence 2 Verse Section 3 Chapter Book 4 Prose Verse 5 Meetre Rythm 6 Proper Tralatitions 7 Simple Figurate 8 Express Vnderstood 9 Plain Obscure IV Comp. Log. parts   1 Distinction Equivocation 2 Limitation Ampliation 3 Definition Description 4 Division Partition 5 Rule Exception 6 ●rgumentation Illation 7 Syllogism Enthymem 8 Induction Example ● Quotation Allusion V Mixed   1 Proposition Adage 2 Oration Epistle 3 Narration Rumour 4 Interpretation   5 Translation Paraphrase 6 Commentary   7 Epitome   8 Prologue Epilogue 9 Transition Digression VI Mo●●s o● Disc.   1 Question Answer 2 Affirmation Negation 3 Supposition Concession 4 Opposition Contradiction 5 Objection Solution 6 Probation Confirmation 7 Confutation Retortion 8 Posing Conviction 9 Confession Recantation BIRD I Carnivorous Birds   1 Eagle Vulture 2 Hawk Kite 3 Cuckoe Butcher b. 4 Owle horned Owle not h. 5 Raven Crow 6 Daw Chough c. II Phytiv of short Wings   1 Cock   2 Peacock Turky 3 Pheasant Attagen 4 Bustard Anas cam bell 5 Cock of thew Heath cock 6 Partridge Red Partr c III Phytiv of long Wings   1 Pidgeon Ringdove 2 Stock-dove Turtle 3 Mislle b. Thrush 4 Stare Merula sax 5 Feldefare Redwing 6 Black bird Passer soli c. IV Graniv of thick B●lls   1 Bunting   2 Yellow hamer Hortulane 3 Sparrow Mountain sp 4 Cocothraustes Cocoth crista 5 Bullfinch Shell apple 6 Greenfinch Canary b. c. V Insectivorous greater   1 Swallow Swift 2 Martin Sand martin 3 Nightingale   4 Larke Titlarke 5 Redbrest Red start 6 Beccafigo Wheat ear c VI Insectivorous lesser   1 Ligurinus Serinus 2 Citrinella   3 Wron   4 Regulus crist Reg. non crist 5 Humming bi   6 Great titmous c. vii Aquatic near wet places   1 Lapwing   2 Green plover Grey plover 3 Dotterell Sea larke 4 Redshank Ruffe 5 Tringa ma. Tringa mi. 6 Knot Stint c. viii Aquatic ●iss●●ed 1