be_v present_a at_o the_o action_n of_o both_o part_n and_o no_o less_o at_o those_o of_o the_o peloponnesian_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o exile_n than_o those_o of_o the_o athenian_n during_o this_o time_n also_o he_o perfect_v his_o history_n so_o far_o as_o be_v now_o to_o be_v see_v nor_o do_v it_o appear_v that_o after_o his_o exile_n he_o ever_o again_o enjoy_v his_o country_n it_o be_v not_o clear_a in_o any_o author_n where_o or_o when_o or_o in_o what_o year_n of_o his_o own_o age_n he_o die_v most_o agree_v that_o he_o die_v in_o banishment_n yet_o there_o be_v that_o have_v write_v that_o after_o the_o defeat_n in_o sicily_n the_o athenian_n decree_v a_o general_a revocation_n of_o all_o banish_a person_n except_o those_o of_o the_o family_n of_o pisistratus_n and_o that_o he_o then_o return_v and_o be_v afterward_o put_v to_o death_n at_o athens_n but_o this_o be_v very_o unlikely_a to_o be_v true_a unless_o by_o after_o the_o defeat_n in_o sicily_n he_o mean_v so_o long_o 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there_o and_o as_o other_o have_v affirm_v he_o not_o bury_v in_o it_o in_o this_o variety_n of_o conjecture_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o probable_a than_o that_o which_o be_v write_v by_o pausanias_n where_o he_o describe_v the_o monument_n of_o the_o athenian_a city_n and_o say_v thus_o the_o worthy_a act_n of_o oenobius_fw-la in_o the_o behalf_n of_o thucydides_n be_v not_o without_o honour_n meaning_n that_o he_o have_v a_o statue_n for_o oenobius_fw-la obtain_v to_o have_v a_o decree_n pass_v for_o his_o return_n who_o return_v be_v slay_v by_o treachery_n and_o his_o sepulchre_n be_v near_o the_o gate_n call_v melirides_n he_o die_v as_o say_v marcellinus_n after_o the_o seven_o and_o fifty_o year_n of_o his_o age._n and_o if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o be_v write_v by_o a._n gellius_n of_o the_o age_n of_o hellanicus_n herodotus_n and_o thucydides_n then_o die_v he_o not_o before_o the_o sixty_o eight_o year_n for_o if_o he_o be_v forty_o when_o the_o war_n begin_v and_o live_v as_o he_o do_v certain_o to_o see_v it_o end_v he_o may_v be_v more_o when_o he_o die_v but_o not_o less_o than_o sixty_o eight_o year_n of_o age._n what_o child_n be_v leave_v be_v not_o manifest_a plato_n in_o menone_n make_v mention_n of_o milesias_n and_o stephanus_n son_n of_o a_o thucydides_n of_o a_o very_a noble_a family_n but_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o they_o be_v of_o thucydides_n the_o rival_n of_o pericles_n both_o by_o the_o name_n milesias_n and_o because_o this_o thucydides_n also_o be_v of_o the_o family_n of_o miltiades_n as_o plutarchâ—fieth_v â—fieth_z in_o the_o life_n of_o cimon_n that_o he_o have_v a_o son_n be_v affirm_v by_o marcellinus_n out_o of_o the_o authority_n of_o polemon_n but_o of_o his_o name_n there_o be_v no_o mention_n save_v that_o a_o learned_a man_n read_v there_o in_o the_o place_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ..._z which_o be_v in_o the_o imperfect_a copy_n timotheus_n thus_o much_o of_o the_o person_n of_o thucydides_n now_o for_o his_o write_n two_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o they_o truth_n and_o elocution_n for_o in_o truth_n consist_v the_o soul_n and_o in_o elocution_n the_o body_n of_o history_n the_o latter_a without_o the_o former_a be_v but_o a_o picture_n of_o history_n and_o the_o former_a without_o the_o latter_a unapt_a to_o instruct_v but_o let_v we_o see_v how_o our_o author_n have_v acquit_v himself_o in_o both_o for_o the_o faith_n of_o this_o history_n i_o shall_v have_v the_o less_o to_o say_v in_o respect_n that_o no_o man_n have_v ever_o yet_o call_v it_o into_o question_n nor_o indeed_o can_v any_o man_n just_o doubt_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o that_o writer_n in_o who_o they_o have_v nothing_o at_o all_o to_o suspect_v of_o those_o thing_n that_o can_v have_v cause_v he_o either_o voluntary_o to_o lie_v or_o ignorant_o to_o deliver_v a_o untruth_n he_o overtask_v not_o himself_o by_o undertake_v a_o history_n of_o thing_n do_v long_o before_o his_o time_n and_o of_o which_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o inform_v himself_o he_o be_v a_o man_n that_o have_v as_o much_o mean_n in_o regard_n both_o of_o his_o dignity_n and_o wealth_n to_o find_v the_o truth_n of_o what_o he_o relate_v as_o be_v needful_a for_o a_o man_n to_o have_v he_o use_v as_o much_o diligence_n in_o search_n of_o the_o truth_n note_v every_o thing_n while_o it_o be_v fresh_a in_o memory_n and_o lay_v out_o his_o wealth_n upon_o intelligence_n as_o be_v possible_a for_o a_o man_n to_o use_v he_o affect_v least_o of_o any_o man_n the_o acclamation_n of_o popular_a auditory_n and_o write_v not_o his_o history_n to_o win_v present_a applause_n as_o be_v the_o use_n of_o that_o age_n but_o for_o a_o monument_n to_o instruct_v the_o age_n to_o come_v which_o he_o profess_v himself_o and_o entitle_v his_o book_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o possession_n for_o everlasting_a he_o be_v far_o from_o the_o necessity_n of_o servile_a writer_n either_o to_o fear_v or_o flatter_v and_o whereas_o he_o may_v 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this_o place_n brief_o to_o observe_v only_o this_o that_o in_o his_o first_o book_n first_o he_o have_v by_o way_n of_o exordium_n derive_v the_o state_n of_o greece_n from_o the_o cradle_n to_o the_o vigorous_a stature_n it_o then_o be_v at_o when_o he_o begin_v to_o write_v and_o next_o declare_v the_o cause_n both_o real_a and_o pretend_a of_o the_o war_n he_o be_v to_o write_v of_o in_o the_o rest_n in_o which_o he_o handle_v the_o war_n itself_o he_o follow_v distinct_o and_o pure_o the_o order_n of_o time_n throughout_o relate_v what_o come_v to_o pass_v from_o year_n to_o year_n and_o subdivide_v each_o year_n into_o a_o summer_n and_o winter_n the_o ground_n and_o motive_n of_o every_o action_n he_o set_v down_o before_o the_o action_n itself_o either_o narrative_o or_o else_o contrive_v they_o into_o the_o form_n of_o deliberative_a oration_n in_o the_o person_n of_o such_o as_o from_o time_n to_o time_n bare_a sway_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n after_o the_o action_n when_o there_o be_v just_a occasion_n he_o give_v his_o judgement_n of_o they_o show_v by_o what_o mean_v the_o success_n come_v either_o to_o be_v further_v or_o hinder_v digression_n for_o instruction_n cause_n and_o other_o such_o open_a conveyance_n of_o precept_n which_o be_v the_o philosopher_n part_n he_o never_o use_v as_o have_v so_o clear_o set_v before_o man_n eye_n the_o way_n and_o event_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a counsel_n that_o the_o narration_n itself_o do_v secret_o instruct_v the_o reader_n and_o more_o effectual_o then_o possible_o can_v be_v do_v by_o precept_n for_o his_o style_n i_o refer_v it_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o diverse_a ancient_a and_o competent_a judge_n plutarch_n in_o his_o book_n de_n gloria_fw-la atheniensium_fw-la say_v of_o
present_a in_o the_o whole_a war_n and_o that_o he_o will_v write_v it_o all_o yet_o he_o end_v with_o the_o naval_a battle_n at_o cynossema_n which_o be_v fight_v in_o the_o 21_o year_n of_o the_o war_n whereas_o it_o have_v be_v better_a to_o have_v go_v through_o with_o it_o and_o end_v his_o history_n with_o that_o admirable_a and_o grateful_a return_n of_o the_o banish_a athenian_n from_o phile_n at_o which_o time_n the_o city_n recover_v her_o liberty_n to_o this_o i_o say_v that_o it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o he_o that_o have_v undertake_v to_o write_v the_o history_n of_o the_o peloponnesian_n war_n to_o begin_v his_o narration_n no_o further_o of_o then_o at_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o same_o whether_o the_o grecian_n be_v then_o in_o good_a or_o in_o evil_a estate_n and_o if_o the_o injury_n upon_o which_o the_o war_n arise_v proceed_v from_o the_o athenian_n than_o the_o writer_n though_o a_o athenian_a and_o honour_v in_o his_o country_n aught_o to_o declare_v the_o same_o and_o not_o to_o seek_v nor_o take_v though_o at_o hand_n any_o other_o occasion_n to_o transfer_v the_o fault_n and_o that_o the_o act_n do_v before_o the_o time_n comprehend_v in_o the_o war_n he_o write_v of_o aught_o to_o have_v be_v touch_v but_o cursory_o and_o no_o more_o than_o may_v serve_v for_o the_o enlighten_v of_o the_o history_n to_o follow_v how_o noble_a soever_o those_o act_n have_v be_v which_o when_o he_o have_v thus_o touch_v without_o affection_n to_o either_o side_n and_o not_o as_o a_o lover_n of_o his_o country_n but_o of_o truth_n then_o to_o have_v proceed_v to_o the_o rest_n with_o the_o like_a indifferency_n and_o to_o have_v make_v a_o end_n of_o writing_n where_o the_o war_n end_v which_o he_o undertake_v to_o write_v not_o produce_v his_o history_n beyond_o that_o period_n though_o that_o which_o follow_v be_v never_o so_o admirable_a and_o acceptable_a all_o this_o thucydides_n have_v observe_v these_o two_o crimination_n i_o have_v therefore_o set_v down_o at_o large_a translate_v almost_o verbatim_o that_o the_o judgement_n of_o dionysius_n halicarnassius_n may_v the_o better_o appear_v concern_v the_o main_n and_o principal_a virtue_n of_o a_o history_n i_o think_v there_o be_v never_o write_v so_o much_o absurdity_n in_o so_o few_o line_n he_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o all_o man_n that_o ever_o speak_v of_o this_o subject_n beside_o himself_o and_o to_o common_a sense_n for_o he_o make_v the_o scope_n of_o history_n not_o profit_n by_o write_v truth_n but_o delight_n of_o the_o hearer_n as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o song_n and_o the_o argument_n of_o history_n he_o will_v not_o by_o any_o mean_n have_v to_o contain_v the_o calamity_n and_o misery_n of_o his_o country_n these_o he_o will_v have_v bury_v in_o silence_n but_o only_a their_o glorious_a and_o splendid_a action_n among_o the_o virtue_n of_o a_o historiographer_n he_o reckon_v affection_n to_o his_o country_n study_v to_o please_v the_o hearer_n to_o write_v of_o more_o than_o his_o argument_n lead_v he_o to_o and_o to_o conceal_v all_o action_n that_o be_v not_o to_o the_o honour_n of_o his_o country_n most_o manifest_a vice_n he_o be_v a_o rhetorician_n and_o it_o seem_v he_o will_v have_v nothing_o write_v but_o that_o which_o be_v most_o capable_a of_o rhetorical_a ornament_n yet_o lucian_n a_o rhetorician_n also_o in_o a_o treatise_n entitle_v how_o a_o history_n ought_v to_o be_v write_v say_v thus_o that_o a_o writer_n of_o history_n aught_o in_o his_o write_n to_o be_v a_o foreigner_n without_o country_n live_v under_o his_o own_o law_n only_o subject_a to_o no_o king_n nor_o care_v what_o any_o man_n will_v like_v or_o dislike_n but_o lay_v out_o the_o matter_n as_o it_o be_v the_o three_o fault_n he_o find_v be_v this_o that_o the_o method_n of_o his_o history_n be_v govern_v by_o the_o time_n rather_o than_o the_o period_n of_o several_a action_n for_o he_o declare_v in_o order_n what_o come_v to_o pass_v each_o summer_n and_o winter_n and_o be_v thereby_o force_v sometime_o to_o leave_v the_o narration_n of_o a_o siege_n or_o sedition_n or_o a_o war_n or_o other_o action_n in_o the_o midst_n and_o enter_v into_o a_o relation_n of_o somewhat_o else_o do_n at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o another_o place_n and_o to_o come_v to_o the_o former_a again_o when_o the_o time_n require_v it_o this_o say_v he_o cause_v confusion_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o his_o hearer_n so_o that_o he_o can_v comprehend_v distinct_o the_o several_a part_n of_o the_o history_n dionysius_n aim_v still_o at_o the_o delight_n of_o the_o present_a hearer_n though_o thucydides_n himself_o profess_v that_o his_o scope_n be_v not_o that_o but_o to_o leave_v his_o work_n for_o a_o perpetual_a possession_n to_o posterity_n and_o then_o have_v man_n leisure_n enough_o to_o comprehend_v he_o thorough_o but_o indeed_o whosoever_o shall_v read_v he_o once_o attentive_o shall_v more_o distinct_o conceive_v of_o every_o action_n this_o way_n than_o the_o other_o and_o the_o method_n be_v more_o natural_a for_o as_o much_o as_o his_o purpose_n be_v to_o write_v of_o one_o peloponnesian_n warre_n this_o way_n he_o have_v incorporate_v all_o the_o part_n thereof_o into_o one_o body_n so_o that_o there_o be_v unity_n in_o the_o whole_a and_o the_o several_a narration_n be_v conceive_v only_o as_o part_n of_o that_o whereas_o the_o other_o way_n he_o have_v but_o sow_v together_o many_o little_a history_n and_o leave_v the_o peloponnesian_n war_n which_o he_o take_v for_o his_o subject_n in_o a_o manner_n unwrltten_v for_o neither_o any_o part_n nor_o the_o whole_a can_v just_o have_v carry_v such_o a_o title_n four_o he_o accuse_v he_o for_o the_o method_n of_o his_o first_o book_n in_o that_o he_o derive_v greece_n from_o the_o infancy_n thereof_o to_o his_o own_o time_n and_o in_o that_o he_o set_v down_o the_o narration_n of_o the_o quarrel_n about_o corcyra_n and_o potidaea_n before_o he_o entreat_v of_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o the_o war_n which_o be_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o athenian_a dominion_n fear_v and_o envy_a by_o the_o lacedaemonian_n for_o answer_v to_o this_o i_o say_v thus_o for_o the_o mention_v of_o the_o ancient_a state_n of_o greece_n he_o do_v it_o brief_o insisting_a no_o long_o upon_o it_o then_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o well_o understand_v of_o the_o follow_a history_n for_o without_o some_o general_a notion_n of_o these_o first_o time_n many_o place_n of_o the_o history_n be_v the_o less_o easy_a to_o be_v understand_v as_o depend_v upon_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o original_n of_o several_a city_n and_o custom_n which_o can_v not_o be_v at_o all_o insert_v into_o the_o history_n itself_o but_o must_v be_v either_o suppose_v to_o before_o know_v by_o the_o reader_n or_o else_o be_v deliver_v to_o he_o in_o the_o beginning_n as_o a_o necessary_a preface_n and_o for_o his_o put_n first_o the_o narration_n of_o the_o public_a and_o avow_a cause_n of_o this_o war_n and_o after_o that_o the_o true_a and_o inward_a motive_n of_o the_o same_o the_o reprehension_n be_v absurd_a for_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o a_o cause_n of_o war_n divulge_v and_o avow_a how_o flight_n soever_o it_o be_v come_v within_o the_o task_n of_o the_o historiographer_n no_o less_o than_o the_o war_n itself_o for_o without_o a_o pretext_n no_o war_n follow_v this_o preteâ—t_n be_v always_o a_o injury_n receive_v or_o pretend_v to_o be_v receive_v whereas_o the_o inward_a motive_n to_o hostility_n be_v but_o conjectural_a and_o not_o of_o that_o evidence_n that_o a_o historiographer_n shall_v be_v always_o bind_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o as_o envy_v to_o the_o greatness_n of_o another_o state_n or_o fear_v of_o a_o injury_n to_o come_v now_o let_v any_o man_n judge_v whether_o a_o good_a writer_n of_o history_n aught_o to_o handle_v as_o the_o principal_a cause_n of_o war_n proclaim_v injury_n or_o conceal_a envy_n in_o a_o word_n the_o image_n of_o the_o method_n use_v by_o thucydides_n in_o this_o point_n be_v this_o the_o quarrel_n about_o corcyra_n pass_v on_o this_o manner_n and_o the_o quarrel_n about_o potidaea_n on_o this_o manner_n relate_v both_o at_o large_a and_o in_o both_o the_o athenian_n be_v accuse_v to_o have_v do_v the_o injury_n nevertheless_o the_o lacedaemonian_n have_v not_o upon_o this_o injury_n enter_v into_o a_o war_n against_o they_o but_o that_o they_o envy_a the_o greatness_n of_o their_o power_n and_o fear_v the_o consequence_n of_o their_o ambition_n i_o think_v a_o more_o clear_a and_o natural_a order_n can_v possible_o be_v devise_v again_o he_o say_v that_o he_o make_v a_o funeral_n oration_n which_o be_v solemn_o do_v on_o all_o occasion_n through_o the_o war_n for_o 15_o horseman_n only_o that_o be_v slay_v at_o the_o brook_n call_v rheiti_n
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