maintainable if the defendant had charged the plaintiffe but with bare incontinencie For in this case the ground of the action is temporall that is shee was to be aduanced in marriage and that she was defeated of it and the meanes whereby she was defeated was the said slaunder which meanes tending to such an end should be tried by the countrey So if a Diuine be to be presented to a Benefice one to defeat him of it saith to the Patron that he is an Heretique or a Bastard or that he is vnder excommunication whereby the Patron refuseth to present as he might very well if the imputation were true and hee loseth his preserment he shall haue an action vpon the case for the scandals tending to such an end Likewise if a woman be bound that shee shall liue continent and chaste or if a lease bee made vnto her Quamdiu casta vixerit as long as she remaines chaste in these cases incontinency shall bee tried by the common law Pâ—pham chiefe Iustice said that if one speakes of a woman which is an Inne-holder that she hath a great and infectious disease by which shee loseth her guestes she shall haue an action vpon the case In the Kings Bench betwixt Banister and Banister it was resolued where the defendant speakes of the plaintiffe being sonne and heire to his father that he is a Bastard an action lies vpon the case for that tendes to the disinheâ—iting of the land which descends vnto him from his father but it was resolued if the defendant pretends that the plaintiffe is a bastard and that himselfe is next heire there no action lies and that the defendant may shew by way of barre if the Plaintiffe omits it in his bill LINEAMENT XVI Obseruations concerning words of Detraction and Defamation fit to be perused of Sheriffâ—s and Stewards or of other Iudges of inferiour Courts extracted out of the Reports of Sir Edward Cooke Knight Lord chiefe Iustice of the common Pleas. SEnsus verborum est duplex mitis asper verba accipienda sunt in meliore sensu The meaning of words is twofold mild and rough or vncharitable and words are alwaies to be accepted in the milder sence As for example Edward Danney vicar of Northelingham sued vpon the statute de scandalis magnatum by Henry Lord Cromwell Plaintiffe for his cholericke answering him being a Baron of the Realme in these words It is no maruell that you like not of me for you like of those that maintaine sedition against the Queenes proceeding The defendant construed this word sedition seditiosam doctrinam or factious Preachers which by the said Lords countenance as he supposed inueighed against the booke of common prayer established anno primo Eliz. though the strict sence of this word Seditio is as much to say as seorsim itio magni populi quando itur ad manus Sedition properly is publike and violent But God forbid that the words of one being like vnto wind should be taken by parcels against the intention of the partie by such a strict Grammaticall construction Quia quae ad vnum sineÌ„ loquâ—t a sunt non debent ad alium detorqueri What are spoken to one end ought not to be wrested to another end Therefore a Iudge must enter into the consideration of all the prâ—cedent parlance and words which import the true cause and occasion and which manifest their true sence According to that saying Sensus verborum ex causa dicendi accipiendus est sermones semper accipiendi sunt secundum subiectam materiam The meaning of words is to be taken out of the occasion of speech and speeches are alwaies to be taken according to the subiect or matter in hand In actions for scandalous detractions the Defendant may iustifie the words or confesse then or shew by speciall matter that the words be not actionable and then the Defendant shall not be vrged at any time to a generall issue For albeit he doth vary from the Plaintiffe in the sense and quality of the words yet notwithstanding that is no cause to chase him to a generall issue As for example the Plaintiffe chargeth the Defendant with vnlawfull maintenance the Defendant may iustifie by way of lawfull maintenance and may plead the generall issue In like manner one chargeth a man with these wordes Thou art a murtherer The Defendant may iustifie the words and declare how that the Plaintiffe told him that he killed diuerse hares with certaine engines and thereupon the Defendant said vnto him Thou art a murtherer meaning the hares which he killed Out of these obseruations the Reporter Sir Edward Cooke that peerelesse Phoenix of the Common law giues vs two excellent points of learning in actions of slaunders First to obserue the occasion and cause of their parlance and how that may be pleaded in the Defendants excuse Secondly although your opinion be that your Clients case is cleere and his matter in facte plaine yet hazard not the matter vpon a demurre wherein perhaps vpon pleading or otherwise more matters will arise then you knew before But first take aduantage of speciall matters in facto by which the true sence and coherence of the words may be gathered in fauour of the Defendant and reserue matters de iure which alwaies arise vpon matters in facte vnto the last and neuer demurre at the first in law Seeing that after the triall of matters in facto the matter de iure shall be safe vnto you It was adiudged en Bank le Roy enter Cutler et Dixon 28. Eliz. that if one exhibits Articles to Iustices of peace against a certain person containing great abuses and misdemeanures not onely touching the Petitioner himselfe but many others and all to the entent that he might be bound to his good behauiour In this case the partie accused shall not haue any action vpon the case for any matter comprehended in those Articles for in that case they pursued but the ordinary course of iustice And if actions were permitted in such cases they who had good cuase of complaint durst not complaine for feare of infinite vexations Master Stanhope being a Iustice of Peace and Surueyour of the Dutchie of Lancaster was detracted with these words Master Stanhope hath but one Manour and that he hath gotten by swearing and forswearing It was adiudged that these words were not actionable First because that they were too general and those words which shall charge any man with an action on which damages shall be recouered must haue a conuenient certainty Secondly the Defendant charged not the Plaintiffe with swearing or forswearing for he might obtaine a Manour by swearing and forswearing and yet he did not procure nor assent vnto it Also words which maintaine an action must be directly applied to the Plaintiffe in regard of the damage which he sustained by the scandall If one impeach another that he hath forsworne or periured himselfe that beares no action for two
worship thee But blest art thou for all my blasphemie All honour be to thee O veritie Bright light of loue one God in vnitie And persons three in orders Trinity Which canst me free from all such vanity When it shall please thy gracious Maiesty My soule to veile with thy boundlesse bounty Though speech be winde and Schoolemens quantity Void of true sense void of true quality Yet when the same doth thy sweet lawes transcend Lord let my babling light on Babels end But for my soule let no fond Oracles Her substance spill nor stand as obstacles Eternally to blinde her spectacles Which thou hast clear'd by thy words miracles THE THIRD CIRCLE OF THE SPIRIT OF DETRACTION CONIVRED AND CONVICTED LINEAMENT I. 1 The nature of the spirit of Detraction 2 His obiections 3 The Authours answere 4 The description of Detraction 5 His Companions 6 His Paradoxes 7 Abriese consutation AMong such troupes of wicked spirits which beleaguer the sinfull sonnes of Adam none of them is so pernitious as this viperous spirit of Detraction for by this turbulent motioÌ„ Pluto himselfe being an Angell of glory lost his former state and likewise wee worldly weakelings deserue our Creators curse vpon your selues and posterities Behold yee brainsicke blabs licentious libertines behold your famous familiar your spirit of Detraction coniured and connâ—cted in a Circle without crosses without Masses without holy water without pots of good liquor or pipes of Tobacco the only moderne motiue of malicious Detraction and that by no meaner weapons then by the mysticall weapons of Michaell and Michea the powerfull Oracles of the great God O what an vnaccustomed coniuration is this New Lords new lawes masse-monging manacled Diuels discouered And dare you câ—nuict the auncient spirit of Detraction which by successiue tradition descended vnto vs well nigh a thousand yeares agoe euen about the very time when the Pope and Mahomet bought their puissant patents this for the East from the detracting Dragon the other for the West from his Eagles wing the Emperour Phocas Dare you vilifie the soueraignty of Bacchus and Tobacco and aduenture to coniure vp such an omnipotent Spirit as that of Detraction without these belching belly-Gods Which our swintsh swaggerers extoll now-a dayes on the behalfe of this spirit as chiefe purgers of superfâ—uous rheumes preparatiues of heauenly dreames visions oracles and supernaturall reuelations Then farewell kinde neighbour-hood farewell good fellowship farewell table-talke farewell descanning of destinies farewell all trencher-knights and readers of other mens actions As the body is nourished with good liquor the bones with marrow so is the soule of man with the perfume of Diuine Tobacco and with the perfusion of Detracting taunts Take away these two the cause and the effect the substance and the shadow what is mans life but a drie discourse a solitary Ghost mortified with melancholy Veritas non quaerit angulos The way of truth is plaine without turnings I feare not to lay downe the truth were my brother a Tobacconist a Wine-bibber or a false Prophet Amicus Socrates amicus Plato sed magis amica veritas Socrates is my friend Plato is my friend but Truth is my chiefest friend The excessiue taking of Tobacco together with drunken fellowship renew the forces of the Detracting spirit and likewise doe kindle the fire that was couertly raked afore vnder the ashes for his malicious humour Which to describe is an embezeling of anothers glory a wrongfull withdrawing of anothers power and a blasphemous censure inuented and blazed abroad touching the Creator or his creature which eyther may be termed a kinde of scurrility or knauish carping carpendi effusa licentia 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or else a doubling of the Dogs letter Rout of their snarling nostrils To this I might adde that they offend against the third Commandement namely Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vaine and also against the ninth Commandement Thou shalt not beare false witnesse against thy neighbour which subiect themselues vnto this kinde of Spirit In the company of this wicked spirit as I said before many other spirits consort such as our Countrey-men call boone companions yea more spirits then euer molested Mary Magdalen The spirit of blasphemy as the shadow vpon the body chiefely awaites vpon him and shares with him for the pretious soule of man So doe the spirit of enuy the spirit of hatred and sundry other poysonous messengers of the common enemy the Diuell all ready sophistically to proue the idle phantasics and imaginations of shallow braines Would you coelo deducere Lunam draw the Moone down from heauen or the starres from the skie The spirit of Detraction with his mates make for you The Moone is descended and hath kist Endimion while he lay asleepe The starres be fallen and a company of drunkards at their taking of Tobacco beheld them According to that of the Poet Cum bibitir conchis hinc iam vertigine coelum Ambulat geminis exurgit mensa lucernis When wines are drunk then heauen whirleth round And candles two on boord for one abound There are Incubi which haue lien with faire women and tempted them ere now to plant Actaeons badge on their husbands foreheads Merlin your Brittish Bardh sometimes possested with the spirit of prophesie was a bastard begotten betwixt a goodly young Diuell and a goodly young Gentlewoman At old Carmarthen Merlins famous towne Nay more the Arch-Diuel hath gotten the Popes power he hath gotten the keyes of Heauen he hath authority to binde to loose to diminish the paines of hell to grant Indulgences and Pardons for one and twenty yeares of all manner of mortall sinnes he powreth downe raine amaine at his pleasure he terrifies the world with thunders lightnings and earthquakes Cornelius Agrippa is a great man in his books vseth him for his familiar and by coniurations commands the clouds and makes the Planets executioners to plague his aduersaries O monstrous blasphemie O preposterous absurditie Will any man of vnderstanding giue credite to these Idolatrous Detractions God himselfe questioning with Iob out of the Whirle-winde vtterly denies that Diuine authority to any creature Canst thou said he send the lightnings that they may walke and say vnto thee Lo here we are If Baal be God then goe after him but if the Lord be God why tempt you his patient Spirit in ascribing his dreadfull power vnto his Enemy that darkesome deadly Fiend which cannot helpe himselfe or act the least matter of importance Elias in annulling of Baals power manifested him onely to be God which answered by heauenly fire The Diuell fighteth with none other weapons then with deceit With deceitfull malice he stung Christ while he was on earth and with the selfe same weapons he stinges Christians Christ in his members now that he is in Heauen With deceit he tempted Eue and with deceit he persecuteth the woman of God the Church of Christ
the Kings writ of Prohibition lies against such actions commenced in that Court 3 That mixt actions belong to the Common law NOw let me draw neere to a more resplendant light to your rich magazin of laws Right learned Cooke Englands admired Bartole in whose profound intelligence concur the spirits of many famous wights not after the Pythagorean transmigration but after the transmutation of Elisha which receiued the spirit of Elias For who knowes not that the obscurest and doubtfull Reports of Dier Brooke Plowden and of many other sage Writers are most plainely reconciled in your Reports with mellifluous iudgements of your owne conceits I will therefore aduenture like Noahs Doue to crop some of your choysest O liues Touching Defamations determinable in the Ecclesiasticall Court it was resolued in the Kings Bench betwixt Palmer and Thorpe according to the right learned collections of Sir Edward Cooke Knight Lord chiefe Iustice of the common pleas en le quart part de ses reports that such defamations ought to haue three things incident First that they concerne matters meerely spirituall and determinable in the Ecclesiasticall Court as to call a man Hereticke Schismaticke Aduowtrer Fornicator c. Secondly they must concerne matters meerely and onely spirituall for if such defamations touch any or some thing determinable at the common Law the Ecclesiastical Iudge shall not take knowledge thereof Thirdly although that such defamations be meerly and onely spirituall yet notwithstanding he that is defamed cannot sue him there for amends and damages but the suit ought to be onely for the punishment of sinne pro salute animae for the soules health And for the first and second which is incident the case en 2 2. Edward 4. 20. was recited to this effect The Abbot of S. Albons sent his seruant for a woman couert to come and speake with him The seruant performed his Masters commaundement And thereupon the woman came with him to the Abbot And when the Abbot and the woman were together the seruant which knew his Masters will retyred from them and left them together in the chamber alone Then the Abbot said vnto the woman that her apparel was grosse and course to which the woman answered that her apparell was according to her ability and according to her husbands ability The Abbot knowing in what things women repose their delight replied vnto her If she would be ruled by him that she should haue as good apparell as any woman in that Parish and sollicited her chastity When the woman would not consent vnto him the Abbot assaulted her and would haue made her a lewd woman against her will the which the woman would not suffer Whereupon the Abbot detained her in his chamber against her will to the entent c. The husband hauing notice of this abuse done to his wife spoke of all this matter and said that he would haue an action of false imprisonment against the Abbot for that he had imprisoned his wife vpon which the Abbot adding one sinne to another sued the innocent poore husband for defamation in Court Christian because the husband had published that my Lord Abbot had sollicited her chastity and would haue made her a naughty woman But vpon all this matter disclosed to the Kings Court the husband had a Prohibition by reason that the husband might haue had an action at the common law for this affault and imprisonment of his wife although then at the first he had not any action nor peraduenture at any time would haue had Yet because the scandall determinable in the Ecclesiasticall Court was vpon all the matter being disclosed mixt with a matter determinable at the common law for this cause vpon motion made by the Abbots Councell to haue a consultation in this case that was denied him by the Court. For the third point which is incident viz. That the Defamed cannot sue for amendes and damage in Court Christian though it be meerely and onely spirituall It was enacted Articul cleri cap. 1. 2. 3. that the Kings Prohibition should hold place if a Prelate enioyned a penance pecuniary to any man for his offence and it were demaunded Notwithstanding if Prelates enioyne a penance corporall and the party will redeeme such penance by money if the money be demaunded before a Iudge spirituall Prohibition shall hold no place But leauing the Statutes at large to be considered by the Reader that desires to know them I will returne to the Reports of that rare Treasurer of the common law Sir Edward Cooke for words of detraction actionable and forth explanation of the Ecclesiasticall power in such cases Anno 35. Eliz. Anne Dauies plaintiffe declared that she was a Virgin of good fame c. Whereas one Anthony Elcocke Citizen and Mercer of London of the substance and value of three thousand pounds desired her for his wife and for that cause had communication with Iohn Dauies Father of the said Anne and was ready to conclude it Iohn Gardiner defendant premissorum non ignarus to defame the said Anne and to distaste the said Anthony from proceeding forward vttered and published of the said Anne these wordes I know Dauies daughter well mentioning the said Anne she dwelt in Cheapside and there was a Grocer that did get her with childe And being admonished by some that were present and heard him that he should be aduised what he spoke of the said Anne he said further of her I know very well what I say I know her father mother and sister and she is the youngest sister and had the childe by the Grocer By reason of which wordes the plaintife was greatly defamed so that the said Anthony vtterly refused to take her to his wife To this the defendant pleaded not guilty and by a Nisiprius in the County of Buckingham the Iurors found for the plaintiffe and assessed damages to two hundred markes Then it was moued in arrest of iudgment by the Counsel of the defendant that the said defamation of incontinencie concerned the spirituall and not the temporall iurisdiction And therefore as the offence should be punished in Court Christian so the remedy for such defamation ought also to be there For cognitio causae non spectat ad forum Regium Euen so if a man be called a Bastard an Heretique a Miscreant or an Aduowterer because they appertaine to the Ecclesiastical iurisdiction no action lies at the common law But it was answered by the plaintiffes counsell and resolued by the whole Court that the action was main teynable for two causes first because that she was punishable by the Statute de 18. Eliz cap. 3. if she had a bastard And although that fornication or aduowtry be not examinable by the common law for that they are done in secret and peraduenture are vncomely to be openly examined yet neuerthelesse the hauing of a bastard is a thing apparant examinable and punishable by the said acte Secondly it was resolued that the action was
causes First he might be forsworne in vsuall communication Quia benig nior sententia in rebus generalibus seu dubijs praeferenda est A milde interpretation is to be preferred in generall or doubtfull matters Secondly it is an vsuall word in our passion choller for one to say to another thou art a Vilaine a Rogue or a Varlet c. These or the like words will not maintaine an Action For Boni Iudicis est lites dirimere It is the part of a good Iudge to take away strife and causes of strife But if one speakes to another that he is forsworne or periured in such a case for such words the Action is good because that it appeares by these words that hee hath forsworne himselfe in iudiciall proceedings Sir Christopher Wray Lord Chiefe Iustice said that although slaunders and false imputations are to be repressed for that many times à verbis ad verbera perueÌ„tum est from words men come to blowes yet he said that the Iudges haue resolued that Actions for scandals must not be maintained by any strained construction or argument nor must they extend any fauour for their support Seeing they abound in these daies more then in times past and the intemperance together with mens malice encreaseth Et malicijs hominum est obuiandum They must meete and preuent mens malice Besides in our Law Bookes Actions for scandalles are very rare And those which are reported are for words of eminent slander and of great importance This moued the Court of the Kings Bench to denie a Procedendo to haue an Action of slaunder for calling one a whore tried in London For the Defendant had remoued it thence by an Habeas Corpus into that Court. And it was affirmed by the whole Court of the Kings Bench that a custome to maintaine actions for such brabling speeches is against law Licet consuetudo sit magnae authoritatis nunquam tamen praeiudicat manifestae veritati Although that custome be of great authoritie notwithstanding it doth neuer preiudice manifest truth To say that a man is detected for periury in any Court is not actionable for an honest man may be detected but not conuicted And euery man which hath a Bill of periury against him exhibited is detected 37. Eliz. inter Weauer Plaintiffe Cariden defendant To report that a man hath killed his wife and she aliue the Defendant may therefore demurre and no action lies But it is otherwise if she be dead 39. Eliz. in commune Banco inter Snag arm Plantiffe Gee Atturney de mesme le Court Defend So one Allen hauing spokeÌ„ these words of Eaton Plaintiffe He is a brabler and a quarreller for he gaue his champion counsell to make a deed of gift of his goods to kill me and then to sly out of the countrey but God preserued me Vpon great deliberation and aduise it was adiudged that in this case the words were not actionable for the purpose and intent of a man without an act is not punishable by law Ubi non est lex ibi non est transgressio quo ad mundum Where there is no law there is no transgression in the sight of the world And although that for such a Conspiracy a man may be punished in the Court of Starre Chamber that comes to passe by the absolute power of that Court and not by the ordinary course of law In euery Action vpon the case for slaunderous words two things are requisite first that the person which is scandalized be certaine Secondly that the scandall be apparant by the words themselues And therefore if any one saith without any precedent communication that one of the seruants of I. S. he hauing diuerse is a notorious felon or Traitour there for the vncertainty of the person no action lies and an innuendo an iteration or repetition of words cannot make him certaine As he is sick of the pockes the French pockes this innuendo and iterating of the same wordes makes not the proper office which it ought for it contends to extend the generall words being the Pockes to the French Pockes by an imagination of an intent which is not apparant by any precedent words whereto the iteration might be referred And the words themselues must be construed in mitiore sensu in the milder sense To conclude 42. Eliz. en Bank le Roy entre Iohn Iames Pl. Alexander Rutlech Def. it was so resolued that the office of an innuendo a reiterating is to containe and designe the person himselfe or the very word which was certainly named before and in effect was in place of a praedict the aforesaid thing or the aboue named person But a reiterating or repeating cannot make a person certaine which was vncertaine before for it would be an inconuenience if actions were maintained by an imagination of an intent which appeareth not by the words vpon which the Action is founded but all is vncertaine and subiect to deceiueable coniecture The Iudge must note the very words of Detraction whether they be Adictiues or Substantiues for sometimes Adiectiues will maintaine actions and somtimes not They are actionable first when the Adiectiue presumeth an act committed Secondly when they scandalize any in his office function or trade whereby he gets his liuing As if one saith that such a man is a perâ—ured knaue there it behooues an Act to haue bene committed otherwise he could not be termed periured So if a man saith of an Officer or Iudge that he is a corrupt Officer or Iudge an action lies for both causes First because it implies an Act done Secondly it is slaunderous vnto him in respect of his Office But if one calles another a sedicious fellow a theeuish knaue there no action lies because the words import not that he hath commited sedition or felony but they are Adiectiues which import an inclination thereto Likewise though the former words of a mans speech were actionable vttered alone yet if there follow after a subsequ nâ— explanation of the said words by the Defendant without delay or interlocution they be not actionable for the latter words extenuate and qualifie the former and also expound the speakers meaning as thou art a theefe for thou hast stollen my Apples or Hops out of my orchard which latter words mitigate the proper sence of this word theefe which of it selfe though generally spoken would maintaine a brabling action And it is the office of Iudges vpon consideration of all the words to collect the true hope and intention of him that speaks them without partiality or fauour Per Popham chiese Iustice totam curiam 44. Eliz. en Bank le Roy. Brittridge case LINEAMENT XV. Obseruations concerning detracting Libels giuen in the Star-chamber and collected out of Sir Edward Cookes Reports IN the case of L. P. in the Star-chamber Paschae 3. Regis Iacobi against whom the Kings Atturney proceeded on his owne confession Ore tenus for the composing and publishing of a
mens sake that they might haue a place correspondent to their natures he drew the platforme of this world Wherein these principall things concurred first his purpose next his wisedome thirdly his goodnesse fourthly his power fiftly his generall prouidence sixtly his particular predestination To returne backe towards the first which is his purpose or intent There is the map of all the world and of euery thing to be done there throughly contriued in his minde before the beginning of his worke Then his wisedome goodnesse and power animated him to go forwards and to prouide for the building of his new place of plantation or world for as then there wanted a mediate or second instrument to worke vpon Wherefore he was driuen to create all of nothing that is without any second meanes without the assistance or aduise of any other In this creation he vsed the helpe of his word onely that was his omnipoteÌ„t selfe whom the naturall Philosophers otherwise termed the first mouer or supreme cause of all things There was no power in his Angels for they were but creatures themselues hauing their motions by his very motion In the power of his onely will and motion it consisted to create the essence of the materiall substance of the world And so he made heauen and earth and by vertue of his Spirit he breathed life forme or motion into them and into all the creatures thereof so that all things were in the compasse of sixe daies enlightened replenished supported and sustained by the motion of his powerful spirit yea all things the firmament the planets starres meteours elements and all other creatures whatsoeuer were vnited with such a perfect vnion that they make vp a perfect globe map or booke of his neuerenough-admired nature And which is most miraculous to mans capacity euer since that he moued them they continually moue one another by different motions do effect all things in this world eyther for generation preseruation or destruction according to his supreme direction Some moue one another by necessary or fatall motions Some by voluntarie motions some by casuall motions some by naturall motions eyther slow or swift What good things come to passe we are to attribute to himselfe who is the first mouer of all these motions But what euill things come to passe we must ascribe to the second motions which are voluntary and vncompelled by him I say we are to ascribe euill things to second causes that we detract not from his omnipotence in making him the immediate cause or in affirming that they proceeded without his consent For as goodnesse comes from his wil so euill cannot come against his will but by his sufferance and permission it comes from secondarie motions LINEAMENT III. The Spirit of Detraction conuicted for measuring Gods prouidence by their owne humane prouidence THose naturallists doe greatly erre which measure the diuine prouideÌ„ce by their own humane prouidence or rather by their wanton affections Little doe they thinke that their naturall computation of time causeth this vnnatural imputation for with God all times be one and a thousand yeares in his sight are but as yesterday With him who is the beginning and end of all things there is no time past nor time to come in respect of his foresight by reason that his foresight is his present sight so as he beholdeth at once at one instant which instant with him is alwaies and eternall not onely all things which euer happened or euer shall happen but also euery particular thing as then presently done and looketh so earnestly so cleerely vpon it as though his eye were fixed intentiuely on that thing and on nothing else The reason is because there is no distinct differences of time in the eternitie seeing that at one looke he seeth all the world ouer And his intent to doe a thing and his doing of a thing is all one and the selfesame in respect of his eternall knowledge though it be otherwise in respect of mans naturall knowledge Let this suffice for Gods generall foresight or purpose of all things which we call his Prouidence that extends vniuersally to all the world and to all the creatures thereof Now it remaines that I discourse somewhat of Predestination which is not a thing seuered from his Prouidence but onely that noble part thereof which belongs to his noblest creature vnder the coâ—e of heauen for whose sake he created all the world making him his Deputie or Bayliffe to vse the same for his glory and not to abuse the same for his owne luxuriousnesse LINEAMENT IIII. 1 The Authors censure of Predestination 2 That all second causes doe worke their effects according to the first causes direction which is God 3 How God endowed some with free will through grace to enable them vnto faith 4 The Spirit of Detraction conuâ—cted for imputing the cause of mens damnation to Gods decree GOod and euill were certainly predestinated vnto vs in our seuerall estates euer since the beginning of the world by our Creatour not according to any euill deserts or vertuous motiues of ours but onely according to his owne free pleasure according to the absolute counsell of his owne soueraigne will and according to the vniuersall power which his omnipotence hath ouer the workmanship of his hands Neither yet constraines he any of his second causes to commit good or euill by any forcible operation or necessitie of nature but by disposing vnto effects sutable to their seuerall conditions Whereby both good and euill actions shall flow out of the said second causes according to their owne dispositions euen as a voluntary quality proceeds from a voluntary cause and a casuall quality from a casuall cause His omnipotent Maiesty I say as the first mouer the first cause is the immediate mouer and cause of all effects whatsoeuer the second cause brings forth and also the cause of all their inclinations Euen as Deliberation which is the chiefest act of our vnderstanding in the knowledge of good and euill and the Gospell of Christ are the mediate and secondary causes in the first act of the conuersion of our humane willes now passiue towards the will of God being the first and supreme cause of our deliberation of this Gospell and of our willes and euen as these two causes the second depending on the first must ioyne together before that we can resolue on any good or euill word thought or deed so the Planets Meteors or other natural creatures of God in respect of him being second causes caÌ„not produce any effect whatsoeuer good or euill for our benefit or harme without his supreme direction Both causes worke naturally in this world when both conioyne in a naturall effect against a naturall creature And yet sometimes it pleaseth his soueraign Maiestie to wound nature without any such second or natural causes which gulfe because it is perillous to saile through I will modestly content my selfe by the shore or on this side of that great