Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
cause_n action_n court_n defendant_n 1,397 5 10.0062 5 false
View all documents for the selected quad

Text snippets containing the quad

ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A06786 Consuetudo, vel lex mercatoria, or The ancient law-merchant Diuided into three parts: according to the essentiall parts of trafficke. Necessarie for all statesmen, iudges, magistrates, temporall and ciuile lawyers, mint-men, merchants, marriners, and all others negotiating in all places of the world. By Gerard Malynes merchant. Malynes, Gerard, fl. 1586-1641. 1622 (1622) STC 17222; ESTC S114044 480,269 516

There are 9 snippets containing the selected quad. | View original text

have_v the_o first_o cause_n he_o take_v in_o hand_n to_o go_v on_o his_o side_n whereupon_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o cause_n between_o he_o and_o the_o say_a doctor_n be_v the_o first_o cause_n and_o so_o there_o can_v be_v no_o proceed_n therein_o the_o student_n plead_v the_o condition_n in_o bar_n the_o court_n of_o chancery_n be_v proper_o call_v a_o court_n of_o conscience_n because_o it_o reason_v on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o complainant_n by_o argument_n take_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n before_o mention_v quod_fw-la tibi_fw-la fieri_fw-la non_fw-la vis_fw-la alteri_fw-la ne_fw-la feceris_fw-la for_o in_o the_o chancery_n every_o man_n be_v able_a by_o light_n of_o nature_n to_o foresee_v the_o end_n of_o his_o cause_n and_o to_o give_v himself_o a_o reason_n thereof_o and_o be_v therefore_o term_v a_o cause_n whereas_o at_o the_o common-law_n the_o client_n matter_n be_v term_v a_o case_n case_n difference_n between_o cause_n and_o case_n according_a to_o the_o word_n casus_n which_o be_v accedentall_a for_o the_o party_n do_v hardly_o know_v a_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v by_o law_n adjudge_v with_o or_o against_o he_o the_o chancery_n therefore_o upon_o bill_n and_o answer_n between_o the_o complainant_n and_o defendant_n grant_v a_o injunction_n to_o stay_v the_o proceed_n in_o the_o court_n of_o common-law_n until_o the_o equity_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v examine_v and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o matter_n of_o equity_n find_v chancery_n injunction_n of_o the_o chancery_n than_o the_o cause_n be_v dismiss_v to_o the_o law_n again_o with_o cost_n to_o the_o party_n merchant_n cause_n be_v proper_o to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o chancery_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v do_v with_o great_a expedition_n but_o it_o fall_v out_o otherwise_o because_o they_o be_v by_o commission_n common_o refer_v to_o merchant_n to_o make_v report_n of_o the_o state_n thereof_o unto_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n ●or_a the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n be_v preserve_v chief_o by_o the_o say_a court_n and_o above_o all_o thing_n merchant_n affair_n in_o controversy_n ought_v with_o all_o brevity_n to_o be_v determine_v to_o avoid_v interruption_n of_o traffic_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n 3._o staple_n law_n 27._o e._n 3._o that_o the_o mayor_n of_o the_o staple_n be_v authorise_v by_o several_a act_n of_o parleament_n to_o end_v the_o same_o and_o detain_v the_o same_o before_o he_o without_o any_o dismission_n at_o the_o common-law_n which_o show_v the_o necessarinesse_n of_o the_o office_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n before_o mention_v the_o rather_o for_o that_o the_o trial_n of_o a_o action_n of_o account_n at_o the_o common-law_n be_v tedious_a there_o be_v five_o manner_n of_o person_n accountable_a by_o the_o law_n namely_o a_o steward_n or_o bailife_n a_o factor_n or_o servant_n or_o a_o receiver_n upon_o a_o action_n of_o account_n the_o general_a issue_n to_o be_v plead_v thereunto_o be_v ne_o uncque_n receiver_n pour_v account_n rendre_fw-fr law_n the_o trial_n of_o a_o action_n of_o account_n by_o law_n this_o be_v first_o try_v by_o a_o jury_n and_o if_o the_o party_n be_v convict_v and_o find_v accountable_a than_o the_o law_n do_v appoint_v auditor_n to_o take_v the_o account_n by_o a_o commission_n direct_v out_o of_o the_o court_n to_o merchant_n and_o other_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o cause_n whereunto_o two_o attorney_n of_o the_o court_n be_v join_v and_o when_o they_o have_v take_v the_o account_n and_o find_v wherein_o the_o difference_n do_v consist_v than_o they_o be_v to_o certify_v all_o their_o proceed_n into_o the_o court_n and_o the_o accountant_n must_v make_v issuable_a answer_n to_o be_v plead_v whereupon_o eight_o ten_o twelve_o or_o more_o issue_n shall_v be_v make_v and_o then_o a_o second_o jury_n be_v call_v to_o try_v all_o these_o several_a issue_n upon_o peremptory_a point_n and_o so_o upon_o every_o issue_n there_o be_v give_v a_o particular_a verdict_n and_o sometime_o a_o especial_a verdict_n which_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o court_n again_o all_o these_o long_a proceed_n make_v long_a record_n subject_a to_o many_o error_n and_o because_o all_o these_o several_a issue_n be_v try_v by_o one_o jury_n and_o upon_o one_o record_n together_o with_o the_o former_a proceed_n whereby_o the_o other_o jury_n find_v the_o party_n accountable_a if_o in_o any_o or_o in_o the_o whole_a material_a error_n be_v find_v than_o all_o be_v overthrow_v and_o the_o party_n be_v to_o begin_v again_o the_o novo_fw-la and_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o that_o then_o they_o will_v join_v other_o issue_n and_o so_o run_v into_o a_o labyrinth_n so_o that_o matter_n of_o account_n be_v proper_o to_o be_v determine_v of_o the_o chancery_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o therein_o more_o expedition_n be_v use_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o arragon_n which_o concur_v with_o the_o course_n of_o the_o say_a court_n as_o we_o be_v now_o to_o declare_v leave_v all_o other_o case_n triable_a by_o the_o common-law_n according_a to_o their_o proper_a nature_n as_o the_o trial_n of_o a_o action_n real_a which_o be_v do_v with_o solemnity_n and_o the_o like_a to_o abreviate_v thing_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n the_o law_n of_o arragon_n be_v peculiar_a to_o that_o kingdom_n have_v especial_a day_n or_o time_n limit_v to_o every_o particular_a proceed_n of_o the_o process_n whereby_o the_o same_o be_v divide_v into_o ten_o as_o it_o be_v term_n which_o have_v every_o one_o their_o proper_a observation_n which_o the_o complainant_n must_v observe_v and_o prosecute_v according_o with_o expedition_n as_o follow_v 1_o when_o the_o party_n complainant_n call_v the_o defendant_n 2_o when_o they_o do_v appear_v before_o the_o judge_n 3_o the_o defendant_n may_v allege_v certain_a exception_n 4_o due_a answer_n be_v make_v to_o the_o complainants_n bill_n 5_o the_o examination_n of_o the_o party_n and_o their_o proceed_n 6_o witness_n be_v produce_v examine_v and_o publication_n have_v of_o their_o deposition_n 7_o the_o party_n do_v reason_n of_o the_o deposition_n and_o the_o matter_n be_v bring_v to_o hear_v 8_o when_o the_o judge_n give_v sentence_n or_o judgement_n 9_o when_o execution_n be_v have_v upon_o the_o sentence_n or_o the_o party_n appeal_v 10_o when_o the_o cause_n depart_v out_o of_o that_o judge_n power_n before_o a_o high_a authority_n and_o all_o this_o be_v common_o do_v in_o four_o month_n arragon_n observation_n of_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o law_n of_o arragon_n with_o the_o observation_n by_o the_o law_n require_v namely_o the_o consideration_n incident_a which_o be_v worthy_a to_o be_v note_v to_o prevent_v unjust_a deal_n 1_o touch_v the_o first_o time_n the_o judge_n take_v not_o any_o notice_n thereof_o for_o the_o process_n be_v grant_v of_o course_n unless_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o complainant_n have_v be_v the_o slave_n of_o the_o defendant_n or_o the_o son_n do_v commence_v a_o suit_n against_o the_o father_n or_o the_o servant_n against_o his_o master_n wherein_o upon_o good_a consideration_n licence_n must_v be_v have_v of_o the_o judge_n 2_o the_o second_o that_o they_o must_v appear_v before_o the_o judge_n at_o three_o several_a time_n of_o ten_o day_n or_o thirty_o day_n at_o any_o one_o time_n which_o be_v peremptory_a after_o which_o there_o lie_v a_o contempt_n against_o the_o party_n not_o appear_v during_o which_o time_n the_o judge_n do_v proceed_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o action_n and_o the_o maxim_n of_o the_o law_n which_o be_v compile_v together_o to_o judge_v by_o and_o serve_v he_o for_o his_o direction_n but_o in_o extraordinary_a cause_n his_o conscience_n lead_v he_o 3_o the_o three_o time_n touch_v exception_n be_v not_o only_o between_o party_n and_o party_n but_o also_o against_o the_o judge_n for_o insufficiency_n of_o authority_n give_v he_o if_o the_o cause_n so_o require_v 4_o the_o four_o time_n three_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v upon_o the_o defendant_n answer_v 1_o whether_o he_o deny_v all_o or_o do_v confess_v part_n or_o all_o 2_o whether_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o the_o judge_n judicial_o hear_v the_o cause_n or_o else_o according_a to_o the_o defendant_n answer_v and_o confession_n judge_v he_o to_o pay_v or_o satisfy_v the_o matter_n within_o nine_o day_n 3_o that_o after_o the_o contestation_n of_o the_o suit_n there_o be_v no_o matter_n of_o any_o dilatory_a exception_n allege_v to_o hinder_v the_o proceed_n but_o rather_o peremptory_a exception_n to_o bring_v the_o matter_n to_o a_o definative_a sentence_n 5_o the_o five_o time_n four_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v namely_o 1_o the_o complainant_n must_v swear_v that_o he_o be_v persuade_v that_o he_o demand_v a_o just_a and_o right_a demand_n and_o the_o defendant_n likewise_o that_o he_o defend_v his_o right_n 2_o that_o
do_v pay_v for_o it_o factor_n therefore_o must_v be_v very_o careful_a to_o follow_v the_o commission_n give_v they_o very_o orderly_o and_o punctual_o and_o because_o merchant_n be_v not_o able_a to_o prescribe_v every_o thing_n so_o exact_o unto_o their_o factor_n as_o be_v convenient_a it_o behoove_v they_o to_o make_v good_a choice_n of_o the_o person_n which_o they_o do_v employ_v for_o their_o welfare_n depend_v upon_o traffic_n otherwise_o the_o factor_n grow_v rich_a and_o the_o merchant_n poor_a because_o his_o gain_n of_o factoridge_n be_v certain_a howsoever_o the_o success_n of_o merchant_n employment_n do_v prove_v but_o have_v a_o good_a factor_n which_o word_n good_a impli_v all_o and_o more_o than_o a_o honest_a factor_n who_o may_v be_v honest_a and_o nevertheless_o simple_a in_o his_o proceed_n and_o other_o also_o may_v be_v wise_a and_o not_o honest_a this_o good_a factor_n therefore_o may_v be_v trust_v addition_n ample_n commission_n with_o a_o addition_n and_o all_o commission_n give_v unto_o he_o may_v be_v ample_a with_o addition_n of_o these_o word_n dispose_v do_v &_o deal_v therein_o as_o if_o it_o be_v your_o own_o &_o this_o be_v so_o find_v the_o factor_n be_v to_o be_v excuse_v although_o it_o shall_v turn_v to_o loss_n because_o it_o be_v intend_v he_o do_v it_o for_o the_o best_a according_a to_o his_o discretion_n which_o be_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v the_o true_a director_n make_v a_o conscience_n to_o see_v their_o master_n loss_n if_o they_o can_v prevent_v it_o but_o be_v limit_v to_o the_o contrary_a they_o can_v but_o grieve_v when_o their_o counsel_n and_o advice_n do_v not_o take_v place_n either_o in_o the_o sell_n of_o commodity_n in_o time_n foresee_v a_o great_a loss_n or_o buy_v some_o commodity_n dear_a over_o hasty_o as_o also_o in_o keep_v a_o commodity_n without_o purloin_v the_o same_o commission_n a_o passionate_a commission_n sometime_o upon_o a_o passionate_a humour_n as_o a_o merchant_n of_o amsterdam_n do_v of_o late_a year_n to_o his_o factor_n in_o london_n for_o be_v a_o loser_n by_o some_o spanish_a wine_n by_o write_v in_o these_o word_n my_o will_n be_v that_o upon_o the_o receipt_n of_o this_o my_o letter_n you_o go_v to_o the_o next_o ironmonger_n and_o buy_v a_o hammer_n and_o run_v into_o the_o cellar_n and_o strike_v out_o the_o head_n of_o all_o the_o butt_n of_o wine_n and_o let_v it_o run_v into_o the_o sellor_n for_o see_v the_o devil_n have_v eat_v the_o horse_n let_v he_o have_v the_o bridle_n too_o the_o factor_n do_v herein_o use_v his_o discretion_n and_o keep_v the_o wine_n which_o he_o afterward_o sell_v to_o benefit_n for_o he_o remember_v that_o loser_n have_v leave_v to_o speak_v servant_n difference_n by_o law_n between_o a_o factor_n and_o a_o servant_n factor_n do_v deal_v most_o common_o for_o diverse_a man_n and_o every_o man_n bear_v the_o hazard_n of_o their_o action_n but_o if_o a_o servant_n do_v deal_v for_o other_o by_o his_o master_n direction_n and_o they_o break_v the_o servant_n can_v be_v no_o loser_n for_o he_o be_v take_v to_o have_v no_o other_o credit_n but_o his_o master_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o intimation_n citation_n attachment_n and_o other_o lawful_a course_n be_v execute_v against_o servant_n and_o take_v no_o place_n against_o factor_n unless_o they_o have_v procuration_n now_o let_v we_o set_v down_o such_o observation_n as_o factor_n ought_v to_o know_v observation_n concern_v factor_n if_o a_o factor_n do_v sell_v at_o one_o time_n unto_o one_o man_n several_a parcel_n of_o commodity_n or_o good_n belong_v to_o diverse_a man_n account_n to_o be_v pay_v joint_o in_o one_o or_o more_o payment_n without_o any_o distinction_n make_v by_o the_o buyer_n for_o what_o parcel_n he_o pay_v any_o sum_n in_o part_n of_o payment_n of_o the_o say_a debt_n weekly_a or_o monthly_o as_o shopkeeper_n do_v then_o be_v the_o say_a factor_n to_o make_v a_o proportionable_a distribution_n of_o the_o money_n so_o receive_v upon_o every_o man_n account_n sold._n commodity_n buy_v and_o sold._n according_a to_o the_o sum_n that_o every_o man_n parcel_n do_v amount_v unto_o until_o all_o be_v pay_v and_o if_o any_o loss_n do_v happen_v or_o that_o all_o be_v not_o pay_v the_o say_a loss_n be_v to_o be_v distribute_v upon_o every_o man_n account_n according_o if_o a_o factor_n do_v sell_v afterward_o more_o good_n to_o the_o say_a man_n or_o any_o other_o who_o be_v already_o indebt_v for_o other_o commodity_n former_o buy_v as_o aforesaid_a be_v it_o for_o his_o own_o account_n or_o other_o man_n account_n and_o in_o the_o interim_n receive_v some_o more_o money_n in_o part_n of_o payment_n and_o account_n between_o they_o then_o be_v the_o say_a factor_n to_o distribute_v the_o say_a money_n as_o before_o until_o the_o say_v old_a and_o precedent_a debt_n be_v first_o pay_v unless_o there_o be_v cause_n of_o controversy_n for_o they_o or_o that_o the_o payment_n be_v endorse_v upon_o the_o bill_n make_v for_o the_o late_a good_n sell_v unto_o that_o man_n for_o that_o bill_n may_v be_v transfer_v or_o set_v over_o unto_o another_o man_n and_o so_o be_v not_o he_o the_o receiver_n of_o that_o money_n but_o the_o other_o man_n if_o a_o factor_n do_v sell_v good_n to_o another_o man_n payable_a at_o time_n for_o his_o own_o account_n and_o rcieve_v the_o money_n for_o the_o same_o at_o the_o time_n of_o payment_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n let_v other_o man_n money_n remain_v in_o that_o man_n hand_n unpay_v for_o good_n by_o he_o former_o sell_v this_o factor_n be_v to_o be_v answerable_a for_o that_o money_n unto_o those_o other_o man_n although_o he_o shall_v never_o recover_v one_o penny_n of_o it_o for_o he_o can_v without_o fraud_n bear_v with_o the_o nonpayment_n of_o other_o man_n money_n after_o they_o be_v due_a and_o procure_v the_o payment_n of_o his_o own_o money_n to_o another_o man_n loss_n and_o prejudice_n in_o like_a case_n if_o a_o factor_n do_v sell_v unto_o a_o man_n certain_a good_n of_o another_o man_n account_n either_o by_o itself_o or_o among_o other_o parcel_n and_o this_o factor_n give_v not_o advice_n to_o the_o owner_n or_o proprietary_n of_o the_o sale_n of_o the_o say_a good_n but_o afterward_o have_v have_v more_o deal_n with_o that_o man_n in_o sell_v of_o good_n and_o receive_v of_o money_n this_o man_n become_v insoluent_a the_o factor_n be_v to_o make_v good_a that_o debt_n for_o the_o say_v good_n so_o sell_v because_o he_o give_v no_o advice_n to_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o sale_n of_o the_o say_a good_n at_o convenient_a time_n even_o as_o if_o he_o have_v sell_v those_o good_n unto_o a_o man_n contrary_n to_o the_o commission_n give_v unto_o he_o for_o the_o salary_n of_o factoridge_n bind_v he_o thereunto_o if_o a_o factor_n by_o order_n or_o commission_n of_o a_o merchant_n do_v buy_v any_o commodity_n above_o the_o price_n limit_v unto_o he_o by_o the_o say_a merchant_n or_o that_o they_o be_v not_o of_o that_o sort_n goodness_n or_o kind_n as_o he_o be_v will_v to_o do_v this_o factor_n be_v to_o keep_v the_o same_o for_o his_o own_o account_n and_o the_o merchant_n may_v disclaim_v the_o buy_n of_o they_o the_o like_a he_o may_v do_v if_o the_o factor_n have_v buy_v a_o commodity_n according_a to_o his_o commission_n do_v ship_n the_o same_o for_o another_o place_n than_o he_o have_v commission_n to_o do_v if_o a_o factor_n do_v sell_v a_o commodity_n under_o the_o price_n limit_v unto_o he_o he_o be_v to_o make_v good_a the_o loss_n or_o difference_n of_o the_o price_n unless_o he_o can_v give_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n of_o his_o do_v so_o wherein_o he_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o disposition_n of_o the_o merchant_n for_o who_o he_o deal_v as_o be_v before_o note_v if_o a_o factor_n buy_v commodity_n according_a to_o his_o commission_n and_o afterward_o the_o price_n of_o they_o rise_v and_o thereupon_o fraudulent_o he_o lade_v they_o for_o another_o place_n contrary_a to_o his_o commission_n to_o take_v the_o benefit_n thereof_o in_o this_o case_n the_o merchant_n shall_v recover_v damage_n against_o the_o factor_n by_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n upon_o proof_n make_v thereof_o if_o a_o factor_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o a_o merchant_n do_v buy_v a_o commodity_n for_o that_o merchant_n account_n with_o the_o say_v merchant_n money_n or_o by_o his_o credit_n and_o the_o factor_n give_v no_o advice_n of_o the_o buy_n of_o it_o to_o the_o say_a merchant_n but_o do_v sell_v the_o same_o again_o for_o his_o own_o benefit_n and_o gain_v the_o merchant_n shall_v recover_v this_o benefit_n of_o the_o say_a factor_n by_o the_o office_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n and_o shall_v be_v moreover_o amerce_v for_o
do_v concur_v and_o agree_v with_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n whereof_o we_o shall_v entreat_v more_o hereafter_o frederick_n the_o second_o king_n of_o denmark_n at_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o coppenhaven_n in_o the_o year_n 1561_o have_v abridge_v as_o also_o set_v down_o certain_a act_n or_o statute_n for_o the_o rule_n of_o sea_n matter_n but_o for_o the_o most_o para_fw-it agree_v also_o with_o the_o say_a law_n of_o oleron_n which_o you_o shall_v find_v in_o this_o treatise_n set_v down_o upon_o every_o occasion_n offer_v unto_o i_o to_o make_v application_n of_o they_o in_o the_o chapter_n follow_v chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_n in_o seafaring_a cause_n all_o controversy_n and_o difference_n of_o seafaring_a action_n or_o maritime_a cause_n aught_o to_o be_v decide_v according_a to_o the_o sea_n law_n which_o take_v their_o beginning_n from_o custom_n and_o observation_n and_o from_o they_o be_v the_o interpretation_n of_o the_o say_a law_n to_o be_v take_v and_o if_o any_o case_n shall_v fall_v out_o that_o be_v not_o know_v before_o neither_o write_v down_o and_o authorise_v as_o a_o law_n than_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o judge_n with_o the_o opinion_n of_o man_n of_o experience_n and_o knowledge_n in_o the_o say_v seafaring_a cause_n and_o herein_o be_v all_o convenient_a expedition_n require_v that_o the_o matter_n may_v be_v summary_o and_o brief_o determine_v especial_o in_o case_n of_o shipwreck_n wherein_o delay_n or_o protraction_n in_o law_n be_v a_o cruelty_n to_o vex_v such_o afflict_a person_n therefore_o to_o prevent_v appellation_n present_a execution_n and_o restitution_n of_o good_n be_v use_v in_o cause_n of_o spoil_n upon_o caution_n first_o find_v by_o the_o spoil_a to_o satisfy_v the_o condemnation_n to_o the_o judge_n if_o there_o be_v just_a cause_n find_v of_o appellation_n maritime_a witness_n in_o cause_n maritime_a and_o to_o this_o end_n also_o it_o be_v permit_v that_o witness_n of_o the_o same_o ship_n may_v be_v examine_v although_o the_o adverse_a party_n be_v not_o call_v thereunto_o merchant_n and_o mariner_n sail_v together_o in_o one_o ship_n may_v bear_v witness_v each_o to_o other_o and_o mariner_n against_o the_o master_n when_o they_o be_v free_a and_o out_o of_o his_o command_n the_o plaintiff_n be_v to_o find_v surety_n to_o pay_v cost_n and_o damage_n if_o he_o do_v fail_v in_o his_o proof_n and_o the_o defendant_n be_v to_o be_v put_v in_o caution_n to_o satisfy_v the_o sentence_n judicio_fw-la cisti_fw-la &_o iudicatum_fw-la solui_fw-la if_o the_o defendant_n do_v stand_v out_o or_o commit_v a_o comtempt_n by_o not_o appear_v for_o to_o defend_v himself_o or_o his_o ship_n or_o thing_n challenge_v the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n may_v after_o four_o default_n enter_v deliver_v the_o possession_n of_o the_o say_a ship_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n or_o part_v thereof_o to_o the_o plaintiff_n put_v in_o surety_n for_o one_o year_n and_o a_o day_n and_o if_o the_o party_n appear_v not_o within_o that_o time_n than_o the_o property_n be_v final_o adjudge_v to_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o if_o he_o do_v appear_v within_o the_o time_n offer_v to_o pay_v the_o expense_n and_o put_v in_o caution_n to_o obey_v and_o perform_v the_o definitive_a sentence_n he_o shall_v be_v admit_v but_o this_o caution_n or_o surety_n be_v liable_a absolute_o for_o all_o from_o the_o beginning_n and_o can_v be_v discharge_v as_o a_o bail_n may_v be_v at_o the_o common_a law_n england_n difference_n between_o caution_n in_o the_o admiralty_n and_o bail_v at_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n bring_v in_o the_o party_n at_o convenient_a time_n summons_n and_o citation_n be_v not_o needful_a where_o the_o ship_n or_o good_n in_o question_n be_v forthcoming_a but_o may_v be_v do_v in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o it_o lie_v or_o the_o good_n be_v find_v if_o any_o man_n be_v arrest_v or_o trouble_v for_o the_o like_a matter_n he_o be_v present_o to_o be_v discharge_v upon_o surety_n and_o especial_o mariner_n because_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v hinder_v of_o their_o voyage_n which_o he_o may_v do_v with_o so_o much_o good_n or_o the_o value_n thereof_o as_o he_o have_v within_o shipboard_n at_o the_o judge_n discretion_n for_o it_o be_v intend_v that_o otherwise_o traffic_v and_o commerce_n be_v interrupt_v cahp._n xix_o of_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n by_o contract_n the_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n by_o contract_n may_v be_v distinguish_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n namely_o regal_a notariall_a and_o verbal_a the_o regal_a contract_n be_v make_v between_o king_n and_o prince_n and_o merchant_n which_o cause_v the_o king_n of_o portugal_n to_o be_v call_v royal_a merchant_n for_o whereas_o the_o venetian_n have_v the_o trade_n for_o spice_n and_o other_o commodity_n of_o the_o east_n indies_n solemn_a regal_a contract_n call_v by_o the_o civilians_n solemn_a the_o portugall_n upon_o the_o discovery_n of_o those_o part_n by_o navigation_n do_v bereave_v the_o venetian_n of_o that_o trade_n as_o by_o the_o revolution_n of_o time_n other_o nation_n have_v almost_o compass_v that_o trade_n of_o spice_n and_o take_v the_o same_o from_o the_o portugall_n the_o king_n of_o portugal_n have_v always_o the_o one_o moiety_n of_o the_o pepper_n by_o way_n of_o contract_n and_o for_o that_o they_o will_v contract_v again_o with_o the_o german_n or_o other_o principal_a merchant_n of_o other_o nation_n and_o of_o their_o own_o to_o deliver_v the_o same_o upon_o a_o price_n agree_v upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o carracke_n at_o lixborne_n according_a unto_o which_o it_o be_v sell_v again_o with_o reputation_n to_o other_o merchant_n and_o disperse_v into_o diverse_a country_n and_o so_o be_v it_o also_o do_v for_o clove_n and_o mace_n and_o sometime_o for_o indigo_n and_o the_o payment_n be_v make_v by_o assignation_n in_o the_o bank_n of_o madrill_n lion_n and_o bizanson_n and_o sometime_o at_o florence_n and_o other_o place_n hereupon_o be_v the_o contraction-house_n at_o lixborne_n erect_v and_o name_v according_o where_o the_o say_v spice_n and_o commodity_n be_v bring_v and_o sell_v again_o such_o be_v the_o contract_n which_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n do_v make_v with_o merchant_n for_o the_o provision_n of_o corn_n for_o his_o town_n in_o africa_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o barbary_n as_o ceuta_n mosegam_n tangere_fw-la and_o other_o place_n the_o payment_n whereof_o have_v be_v make_v again_o by_o pepper_n upon_o some_o especial_a contract_n and_o the_o merchant_n have_v thereupon_o also_o make_v other_o contract_n with_o merchant_n of_o the_o low-countries_n to_o deliver_v they_o that_o pepper_n at_o amsterdam_n and_o to_o take_v corn_n in_o payment_n but_o the_o case_n be_v since_o alter_v by_o the_o incorporate_n of_o the_o east-india_n trade_n such_o be_v the_o contract_v make_v by_o the_o french_a king_n henry_n the_o three_o with_o the_o great_a merchant_n of_o italy_n call_v le_fw-fr grand_a party_n for_o salt_n which_o they_o by_o authority_n do_v engross_v for_o the_o king_n and_o bring_v also_o from_o other_o country_n by_o sole_a permission_n cause_v every_o household_n in_o all_o france_n to_o take_v a_o proportion_n yearly_a or_o to_o pay_v for_o it_o whether_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o use_v it_o or_o not_o which_o be_v a_o italian_a invention_n and_o for_o this_o they_o pay_v by_o contract_n unto_o the_o king_n six_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a be_v two_o million_o of_o french_a crown_n yearly_a such_o be_v the_o contract_n which_o queen_n elizabeth_n of_o bless_a memory_n make_v with_o merchant_n of_o london_n for_o the_o provision_n of_o victual_n and_o apparel_n for_o the_o soldier_n in_o ireland_n during_o the_o late_a war_n with_o the_o earl_n tirone_n which_o do_v amount_v to_o very_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n insomuch_o that_o the_o several_a contract_n for_o apparel_n come_v to_o ninety_o six_o thousand_o suit_n of_o apparel_n as_o i_o have_v see_v by_o the_o record_n and_o account_n extant_a in_o his_o majesty_n court_n of_o exchequer_n all_o these_o and_o such_o like_a contract_n be_v make_v by_o commission_n grant_v for_o that_o purpose_n to_o some_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o have_v thereby_o authority_n to_o contract_n for_o the_o same_o with_o merchant_n or_o other_o notariall_a contract_n have_v partly_o dependence_n upon_o the_o same_o public_a notariall_n contract_v call_v public_a for_o when_o those_o merchant_n which_o have_v contract_v with_o king_n or_o prince_n be_v to_o provide_v sudden_o those_o thing_n which_o they_o have_v contract_v for_o or_o to_o dispose_v of_o the_o commodity_n which_o they_o have_v buy_v or_o ingross_v into_o their_o hand_n then_o they_o deal_v with_o other_o merchant_n either_o to_o provide_v they_o of_o the_o say_a commodity_n or_o to_o sell_v they_o such_o as_o they_o have_v buy_v
justice_n for_o to_o be_v find_v a_o debtor_n in_o the_o law_n be_v no_o criminal_a guilt_n and_o therefore_o unjust_a to_o punish_v he_o criminal_o if_o for_o cohersion_n to_o make_v the_o debtor_n bring_v forth_o his_o estate_n to_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o debt_n it_o be_v also_o against_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n to_o enforce_v a_o man_n by_o punishment_n to_o do_v that_o which_o appear_v not_o to_o be_v in_o his_o power_n or_o whereof_o the_o law_n be_v already_o certify_v that_o there_o be_v not_o wherewithal_o to_o do_v according_a to_o the_o purport_n of_o the_o capias_fw-la grant_v against_o the_o body_n by_o the_o common_a law_n it_o be_v also_o against_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n to_o thrust_v all_o kind_n of_o debtor_n into_o a_o prison_n together_o in_o a_o heap_n without_o respect_n to_o the_o different_a quality_n of_o man_n to_o more_o or_o less_o guilt_n of_o fraud_n or_o obstinacy_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o honest_a or_o a_o usurious_a debt_n life_n plutarch_n in_o solon_n life_n to_o more_o or_o less_o mean_n of_o the_o debtor_n whereby_o he_o must_v live_v or_o starve_v in_o prison_n or_o to_o the_o hold_v he_o one_o or_o twenty_o year_n in_o prison_n for_o some_o be_v great_a debt_n for_o thousand_o some_o be_v small_a debt_n for_o trifle_n some_o be_v suppose_v debt_n not_o yet_o prove_v and_o in_o truth_n some_o be_v no_o debt_n but_o for_o certain_a all_o or_o nine_o in_o ten_o be_v usurious_a debt_n and_o forfeiture_n scarce_o one_o honest_a debt_n of_o a_o hundred_o but_o all_o by_o unlawful_a gain_n upon_o corrupt_a and_o desperate_a adventure_n but_o it_o will_v be_v say_v that_o imprisonment_n be_v no_o punishment_n for_o prisoner_n live_v at_o ease_n and_o pleasure_n etc._n etc._n according_a to_o the_o received_a opinion_n but_o the_o misery_n and_o affliction_n of_o imprisonment_n be_v inexplicable_a and_o can_v be_v conceive_v by_o any_o that_o have_v not_o feel_v or_o have_v proof_n thereof_o the_o ancient_a roman_n construe_v and_o repute_v imprisonment_n to_o be_v a_o guard_n or_o sa●e_v keep_v of_o slave_n and_o bondman_n but_o a_o heavy_a punishment_n to_o free_v bear_v man_n and_o it_o be_v record_v that_o the_o prophet_n micha_n be_v send_v to_o prison_n to_o be_v feed_v with_o the_o bread_n of_o affliction_n for_o imprisonment_n be_v a_o corporal_a punishment_n imprisonment_n a_o description_n of_o imprisonment_n a_o grief_n and_o torture_n of_o the_o mind_n a_o long_a and_o linger_a die_v and_o sometime_o a_o short_a kill_n by_o plague_n etc._n etc._n it_o overthrow_v a_o man_n reputation_n and_o destroy_v all_o that_o be_v good_a and_o dear_a unto_o he_o his_o kindred_n grow_v strange_a his_o friend_n forsake_v he_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n suffer_v with_o he_o or_o leave_v he_o or_o rebel_n or_o degenerate_a against_o he_o and_o lie_v open_a to_o all_o disgrace_n and_o villainy_n of_o the_o world_n in_o who_o misery_n the_o prisoner_n suffer_v more_o than_o in_o his_o own_o suffering_n before_o he_o the_o sight_n of_o all_o these_o misery_n and_o evil_n and_o which_o be_v not_o the_o least_o he_o lie_v open_a to_o every_o arrow_n of_o scandal_n or_o calumny_n that_o a_o malicious_a adversary_n will_v shoot_v at_o he_o which_o he_o can_v neither_o resist_v nor_o avoid_v because_o he_o be_v absent_a to_o confront_v they_o behind_o he_o grief_n for_o loss_n of_o liberty_n credit_n friend_n estate_n and_o all_o good_a fortune_n his_o bail_n and_o surety_n who_o common_o be_v his_o near_a kin_n or_o dear_a friend_n lie_v in_o the_o power_n of_o his_o adversary_n or_o be_v already_o imprison_v to_o say_v nothing_o of_o ill_a air_n straight_a place_n hard_a lodging_n unwholesome_a diet_n with_o the_o noise_n noisomeness_n pester_v and_o fetter_n the_o body_n of_o the_o prisoner_n as_o the_o least_o of_o many_o evil_n charity_n against_o conscience_n and_o charity_n let_v this_o be_v weigh_v in_o the_o balance_n of_o conscience_n and_o christian_a charity_n and_o you_o shall_v find_v that_o these_o proceed_n can_v subsist_v for_o they_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o not_o warrant_v by_o scripture_n but_o to_o induce_v diverse_a necessary_a consequence_n for_o proof_n hereof_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v how_o many_o way_n any_o man_n may_v guiltless_o and_o innocent_o fall_v by_o the_o law_n innocent_o guiltless_o or_o innocent_o be_v convict_v of_o debt_n or_o damage_n and_o cast_v into_o prison_n thereupon_o viz._n by_o misprision_n or_o ignorance_n of_o himself_o or_o his_o attorney_n in_o plead_v of_o the_o cause_n by_o careless_a or_o unskilful_a councillor_n especial_o when_o false_a thing_n be_v cunning_o lay_v or_o true_a thing_n uncertain_o lay_v by_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o defendant_n want_v mean_n to_o pay_v his_o attorney_n or_o council_n and_o by_o combination_n of_o the_o adversary_n with_o the_o defendant_n attorney_n solicitor_n or_o councillor_n or_o with_o the_o witness_n or_o juror_n for_o love_n malice_n or_o end_n of_o their_o own_o by_o perjury_n of_o witness_n in_o conceal_v pervert_v and_o misapply_v truth_n or_o depose_v untruth_n and_o by_o subornation_n of_o witness_n juror_n or_o officer_n in_o the_o impannel_a of_o juror_n and_o corruption_n of_o the_o judge_n casualty_n by_o casualty_n a_o man_n may_v likewise_o be_v disable_v and_o become_v insoluent_a by_o as_o many_o casualty_n and_o act_n of_o honest_a and_o good_a intention_n and_o consequent_o become_v a_o debtor_n and_o be_v cast_v into_o prison_n thereupon_o as_o by_o suretyship_n bail_n or_o security_n for_o kinsman_n friend_n or_o other_o likewise_o by_o loan_n unto_o they_o who_o pay_v not_o again_o also_o by_o falsehood_n of_o friend_n servant_n and_o other_o put_v in_o trust_n with_o money_n evidence_n office_n trade_n and_o land_n again_o by_o move_v a_o just_a suit_n in_o law_n where_o may_v practice_n or_o falsehood_n overbear_v he_o or_o many_o year_n suit_n consume_v he_o also_o by_o fire_n water_n shipwreck_n and_o such_o like_a sudden_a and_o unresistable_a accident_n at_o sea_n or_o at_o land_n by_o robbery_n of_o thief_n and_o pirate_n by_o unprofitable_a buy_n and_o selling_n of_o land_n lease_n merchandise_n etc._n etc._n by_o arrest_v seizure_n or_o pretence_n and_o detriment_n of_o foreign_a prince_n by_o sudden_a loss_n of_o friend_n or_o master_n on_o who_o favour_n any_o man_n estate_n depend_v also_o by_o error_n in_o make_v or_o keep_v reckon_n and_o account_n or_o by_o lose_v or_o not_o call_v for_o acquitance_n bill_n bond_n release_v or_o engagement_n and_o assurance_n for_o warranties_n annuity_n dower_n joyncture_n legacy_n and_o such_o like_a by_o vsuror_n and_o usury_n eat_v up_o a_o man_n estate_n by_o interest_n and_o forfeiture_n and_o by_o a_o multitude_n of_o other_o mean_n whereby_o no_o man_n be_v secure_v but_o may_v become_v a_o debtor_n and_o insoluent_a and_o this_o law_n take_v no_o consideration_n or_o admit_v no_o information_n hereof_o but_o in_o summo_fw-la jure_fw-la ju●_n summu●_n ju●_n give_v the_o whole_a forfeiture_n without_o any_o conscionable_a respect_n and_o the_o after_o proceed_n be_v suitable_a for_o after_o judgement_n though_o the_o debtor_n by_o his_o good_n discharge_v ninety_o and_o nine_o pound_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n principal_a yet_o the_o body_n be_v subject_a to_o be_v imprison_v till_o he_o pay_v the_o whole_a forfeiture_n of_o two_o hundred_o pound_n and_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v that_o if_o he_o have_v no_o good_n nor_o chattel_n or_o not_o enough_o to_o satisfy_v the_o whole_a his_o body_n shall_v be_v imprison_v for_o the_o rest_n till_o he_o make_v payment_n or_o agreement_n marlebridge_n cap._n 23_o anno_fw-la 52_o h._n 3_o etc._n etc._n so_o every_o way_n it_o be_v in_o the_o absolute_a will_n and_o power_n of_o the_o creditor_n to_o cast_v the_o debtor_n body_n into_o prison_n when_o in_o all_o conscience_n and_o equity_n if_o he_o have_v no_o mean_n to_o pay_v he_o ought_v to_o be_v let_v out_o of_o prison_n or_o not_o to_o be_v imprison_v at_o all_o because_o the_o debtor_n body_n can_v give_v no_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o creditor_n be_v in_o itself_o consider_v some_o prisoner_n have_v mean_n and_o be_v willing_a canno●_n mean_v to_o pay_v &_o yet_o canno●_n but_o can_v pay_v either_o because_o the_o present_a power_n of_o their_o estate_n be_v not_o in_o they_o or_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o time_n that_o they_o can_v sell_v or_o receive_v payment_n or_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o worth_n for_o scarce_o any_o will_v buy_v a_o prisoner_n land_n lease_n or_o good_n at_o half_a the_o worth_n or_o in_o regard_n of_o other_o interress_v without_o who_o consent_n he_o can_v dispose_v thereof_o or_o the_o estate_n be_v entangle_v with_o dower_n joyncture_n warranties_n assurance_n statute_n etc._n etc._n some_o have_v not_o mean_n sufficient_a to_o pay_v all_o and_o some_o
a_o commonwealth_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o law_n which_o otherwise_o will_v be_v fruitless_a or_o make_v as_o it_o be_v say_v by_o some_o propter_fw-la terrorem_fw-la for_o prevention_n whereof_o it_o be_v very_o commendable_a to_o preserve_v this_o life_n of_o the_o law_n consist_v in_o execution_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o commissioner_n have_v be_v heretofore_o appoint_v to_o retain_v man_n in_o their_o duty_n as_o the_o nomophilats_n in_o greece_n the_o censuror_n among_o the_o roman_n the_o ephore_n at_o lacedaemon_n the_o areopagit_n at_o athens_n the_o visitor_n in_o spain_n duty_n commissioner_n to_o retain_v officer_n in_o their_o duty_n and_o the_o commissioner_n of_o troyle_n the_o bastort_v in_o edward_n the_o first_o his_o time_n for_o all_o humane_a action_n be_v so_o flexible_a to_o evil_n that_o they_o have_v need_n of_o a_o continual_a remembrancer_n to_o virtue_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o public_a good_a if_o we_o will_v make_v a_o comparison_n between_o the_o execution_n of_o criminal_a cause_n and_o civil_a we_o shall_v in_o a_o manner_n find_v the_o same_o to_o be_v all_o one_o effectual_o for_o the_o general_a manner_n of_o death_n impose_v by_o the_o law_n be_v hang_v where_o in_o other_o country_n they_o have_v diverse_a manner_n of_o execution_n according_a as_o the_o fact_n be_v heinous_a murder_n be_v a_o great_a offence_n have_v in_o all_o age_n be_v punish_v with_o death_n but_o steal_v of_o good_n be_v always_o take_v to_o be_v much_o inferior_a because_o the_o law_n of_o god_n do_v not_o punish_v the_o same_o by_o death_n as_o be_v now_o use_v and_o yet_o a_o death_n by_o sudden_a execution_n be_v better_a than_o a_o linger_a death_n by_o famine_n imprisonment_n and_o other_o adversity_n before_o remember_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n royal_a to_o be_v merciful_a even_o when_o law_n have_v have_v her_o full_a course_n be_v to_o be_v see_v rather_o in_o cause_n civil_a than_o criminal_a and_o that_o in_o the_o relief_n of_o poor_a distress_a prisoner_n and_o other_o contrary_n justice_n and_o mercy_n in_o god_n be_v not_o contrary_n see_v the_o mercy_n of_o god_n who_o lieutenant_n they_o be_v on_o earth_n be_v above_o all_o his_o work_n which_o make_v i_o to_o remember_v a_o error_n of_o the_o common_a people_n which_o think_v the_o justice_n and_o mercy_n of_o god_n to_o be_v contrary_n for_o if_o they_o be_v they_o can_v not_o be_v in_o god_n because_o the_o godhead_n be_v but_o one_o and_o always_o like_o itself_o can_v admit_v contrary_n and_o contrary_n they_o can_v be_v be_v both_o virtue_n whereas_o no_o virtue_n be_v contrary_a to_o virtue_n but_o only_o opposite_a to_o vice_n so_o that_o respect_v the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o criminal_a cause_n when_o the_o law_n have_v determine_v death_n or_o punishment_n by_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n or_o banishment_n the_o king_n imitate_v god_n mercy_n do_v restore_v life_n freedom_n and_o liberty_n much_o more_o may_v the_o king_n do_v the_o same_o in_o civil_a cause_n when_o the_o law_n command_v imprisonment_n until_o satisfaction_n be_v make_v of_o the_o judgement_n give_v liberty_n and_o prolongation_n of_o time_n as_o have_v a_o interest_n in_o the_o person_n of_o his_o subject_n as_o we_o have_v observe_v i_o have_v herein_o be_v the_o more_o ample_a because_o it_o concern_v the_o life_n of_o many_o honest_a man_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xiii_o of_o denization_n and_o naturalisation_n of_o merchant_n the_o manner_n to_o make_v merchant_n stranger_n artificers●_n or_o handiecraft_n man_n to_o be_v denizen_n or_o naturalize_v be_v in_o time_n pass_v without_o any_o difference_n and_o they_o do_v enjoy_v the_o like_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n and_o be_v most_o common_o make_v by_o his_o majesty_n letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n by_o his_o highness_n prerogative_n royal_a whereby_o they_o do_v enjoy_v all_o the_o freedom_n and_o immunity_n that_o natural_a subject_n do_v enjoy_v and_o be_v so_o repute_v and_o take_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n upon_o their_o oath_n make_v in_o chancery_n of_o allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o the_o same_o be_v afterwards_o call_v in_o question_n upon_o the_o misdemeanour_n of_o some_o forgetful_a person_n and_o then_o denizen_n be_v make_v to_o pay_v custom_n to_o the_o king_n as_o stranger_n howbeit_o they_o may_v buy_v lease_n land_n and_o house_n as_o english_a bear_v subject_n and_o their_o child_n here_o bear_v shall_v be_v free_a and_o pay_v but_o english_a custom_n for_o good_n import_v and_o export_v and_o may_v become_v freeman_n of_o london_n and_o buy_v cloth_n in_o blackewell_n hall_n and_o all_o other_o market_n and_o transport_v the_o same_o where_o it_o please_v they_o albeit_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n have_v infringe_v the_o same_o distinguish_v naturalize_v distinguish_v nevertheless_o some_o privilege_n to_o pay_v english_a custom_n be_v grant_v to_o some_o particular_a merchant_n by_o the_o prince_n prerogative_n by_o letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o these_o be_v name_v naturalize_v which_o may_v be_v place_v in_o office_n as_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o quorum_fw-la high_a sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n and_o other_o place_n of_o dignity_n and_o come_v to_o be_v make_v knight_n and_o barronet_n and_o some_o of_o they_o buy_v land_n and_o lease_n make_v great_a purchase_n marry_v their_o daughter_n unto_o diverse_a gentleman_n and_o other_o do_v also_o sell_v land_n again_o and_o buy_v other_o land_n which_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o land_n do_v require_v assurance_n to_o be_v make_v and_o therein_o some_o lawyer_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o by_o the_o law_n the_o say_a assurance_n be_v not_o of_o sufficient_a validity_n without_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o then_o the_o act_n of_o naturalisation_n be_v make_v but_o the_o make_n of_o denizen_n be_v always_o continue_v by_o his_o majesty_n letter_n patent_n only_o and_o they_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o statute_n of_o employment_n albeit_o they_o pay_v stranger_n custom_n employment_n denizen_n not_o subject_a to_o the_o statute_n of_o employment_n and_o diverse_a other_o charge_n which_o the_o native_a subject_n do_v not_o pay_v whereof_o merchant_n be_v to_o take_v notice_n no_o stranger_n which_o be_v a_o mechanical_a person_n be_v much_o incline_v to_o be_v a_o natural_a subject_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n because_o of_o the_o charge_n of_o it_o which_o may_v be_v about_o 30_o will_v albeit_o four_o or_o five_o person_n may_v join_v together_o by_o petition_n to_o the_o parliament_n and_o have_v one_o act_n for_o they_o all_o the_o form_n whereof_o be_v common_o as_o hereafter_o follow_v and_o here_o note_v that_o a_o merchant_n be_v in_o no_o danger_n if_o he_o be_v neither_o denizon_n nor_o naturalize_v but_o may_v deal_v traffic_n and_o negotiate_v at_o his_o pleasure_n but_o he_o may_v take_v no_o lease_n nor_o buy_v land_n in_o most_o humble_a manner_n beseech_v your_o most_o excellent_a majesty_n your_o humble_a and_o obedient_a orator_n i._n l._n of_o florence_n your_o majesty_n servant_n t._n m._n etc._n etc._n r._n b._n and_o m._n q._n that_o whereas_o the_o say_v i._o l._n the_o son_n of_o a._n l._n and_o l._n his_o wife_n stranger_n be_v bear_v at_o florence_n in_o italy_n in_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o whereas_o etc._n etc._n and_o whereas_o m._n q._n be_v the_o son_n of_o m._n q._n and_o c._n his_o wife_n bear_v at_o bridge_n in_o flanders_n in_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o lawful_a matrimony_n and_o have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n these_o twenty_o year_n remain_v and_o make_v his_o abode_n in_o london_n within_o your_o majesty_n realm_n of_o england_n during_o which_o time_n he_o have_v demean_v himself_o faithful_o and_o dutiful_o towards_o your_o highness_n and_o your_o law_n yet_o for_o that_o both_o he_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o majesty_n orator_n be_v bear_v in_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n they_o can_v take_v benefit_n of_o your_o majesty_n law_n statute_n and_o custom_n of_o your_o highness_n realm_n of_o england_n as_o other_o your_o majesty_n subject_n bear_v within_o this_o realm_n to_o their_o great_a prejudice_n loss_n and_o hindrance_n it_o may_v therefore_o please_v your_o highness_n of_o your_o most_o noble_a and_o abundant_a grace_n that_o it_o may_v be_v ordain_v enact_v and_o establish_v by_o your_o highness_n the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o the_o commons_o of_o this_o present_a parliament_n assemble_v and_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o same_o that_o your_o majesty_n most_o humble_a petitioner_n i._n l._n t._n m._n r._n b._n and_o m._n q._n and_o every_o of_o they_o shall_v from_o henceforth_o be_v adjudge_v repute_v and_o take_v to_o be_v your_o highness_n natural_a subject_n and_o as_o person_n
any_o thing_n in_o question_n where_o there_o want_v proof_n or_o they_o may_v minister_v the_o say_a oath_n to_o either_o party_n upon_o pregnant_a occasion_n to_o boult_v out_o the_o truth_n the_o like_a authority_n have_v the_o prior_n and_o consul_n of_o merchant_n and_o moreover_o their_o authority_n do_v far_o exceed_v the_o power_n of_o commissioner_n for_o as_o arbitrator_n have_v a_o determinate_a power_n to_o make_v a_o end_n of_o controversy_n in_o general_a term_n without_o declaration_n of_o particular_n so_o have_v the_o prior_n and_o consul_n power_n to_o do_v the_o like_a whereas_o commissioner_n be_v to_o give_v a_o reason_n and_o declaration_n of_o their_o proceed_n to_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n final_o the_o arbitrator_n authority_n impli_v a_o voluntary_a command_n proceed_v from_o both_o party_n which_o the_o commissioner_n have_v not_o but_o the_o merchant_n court_n have_v chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o merchant_n court_n or_o office_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n the_o three_o mean_a to_o end_n and_o determine_v merchant_n question_n and_o controversy_n happen_v in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n be_v the_o court_n of_o merchant_n call_v prior_n and_o consul_n or_o il_fw-fr consolato_fw-la as_o the_o italian_n have_v call_v the_o same_o and_o here_o we_o may_v say_v a_o merchant_n be_v in_o loco_fw-la propri●_n as_o the_o fish_n in_o the_o water_n where_o he_o understand_v himself_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n according_a to_o which_o they_o be_v determine_v and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o yet_o as_o every_o man_n be_v take_v to_o be_v wise_a in_o his_o profession_n so_o may_v he_o be_v admit_v to_o understand_v they_o the_o rather_o when_o he_o shall_v true_o peruse_v and_o ponder_v the_o content_n of_o this_o book_n which_o in_o my_o love_n to_o merchant_n i_o have_v compile_v as_o aforesaid_a the_o civilians_n have_v consider_v of_o this_o office_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n establish_v in_o many_o place_n of_o france_n italy_n and_o germany_n power_n wherein_o prior_n and_o consul_n have_v no_o power_n have_v make_v diverse_a question_n of_o their_o authority_n say_v they_o can_v decree_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n as_o that_o the_o father_n shall_v be_v bind_v for_o the_o son_n or_o the_o son_n for_o the_o father_n or_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v malum_fw-la in_o se_fw-la or_o natural_o unjust_a or_o against_o the_o public_a good_a or_o that_o which_o savour_v of_o a_o monopoly_n neither_o may_v they_o forbid_v any_o man_n to_o go_v to_o law_n or_o order_n that_o a_o work_n begin_v by_o one_o shall_v not_o be_v end_v by_o another_o without_o the_o other_o consent_n neither_o be_v they_o to_o deal_v or_o to_o determine_v of_o any_o thing_n but_o what_o concern_v merchandise_v for_o other_o thing_n as_o the_o sell_n of_o house_n land_n and_o the_o like_a do_v not_o appertain_v unto_o they_o true_a it_o be_v that_o all_o matter_n criminal_a or_o offensive_a do_v not_o belong_v unto_o they_o to_o deal_v in_o for_o there_o the_o king_n attorney_n be_v a_o party_n and_o have_v interest_n therein_o as_o falsify_v of_o obligation_n and_o bill_n of_o debt_n or_o other_o writing_n matter_n of_o reproach_n or_o discredit_v of_o person_n theft_n and_o other_o evil_a unlawful_a behaviour_n do_v and_o commit_v by_o their_o say_a servant_n or_o themselves_o or_o any_o other_o merchant_n factor_n or_o intermedler_n in_o cause_n of_o merchandise_n as_o also_o all_o other_o not_o exercise_v the_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n be_v forbid_v to_o be_v deal_v with_o by_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n neither_o be_v they_o to_o deal_v with_o the_o contract_n of_o usury_n either_o feign_v or_o otherwise_o unlawful_a nor_o with_o the_o will_n and_o testament_n or_o contract_n of_o marriage_n of_o any_o person_n or_o with_o the_o interchange_n of_o good_n by_o consent_n and_o all_o other_o such_o like_a contract_n but_o only_o in_o all_o civil_a cause_n of_o merchandise_v how_o be_v it_o these_o questionable_a matter_n be_v not_o of_o that_o moment_n to_o be_v discuss_v consider_v that_o their_o authority_n be_v declare_v and_o confine_v by_o the_o charter_n and_o privilege_n make_v unto_o they_o by_o prince_n and_o commonweal_n whereunto_o relation_n be_v to_o be_v have_v and_o according_o they_o be_v to_o proceed_v have_v a_o respect_n to_o the_o equity_n of_o the_o cause_n hereupon_o benvenuto_n straccha_n the_o civilian_n make_v a_o treatise_n quomodo_fw-la procedendum_fw-la sit_fw-la in_o causis_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la of_o the_o manner_n to_o proceed_v in_o merchant_n affair_n wherein_o be_v many_o universal_a thing_n propound_v which_o be_v easy_a but_o particular_a thing_n be_v common_o more_o true_a by_o his_o own_o observation_n confirmation_n the_o decree_n of_o merchant_n need_v no_o other_o confirmation_n and_o he_o conclude_v that_o the_o decree_n of_o merchant_n need_v no_o other_o confirmation_n or_o approbation_n the_o oath_n take_v by_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n to_o observe_v the_o law-merchant_n be_v subject_a to_o punishment_n if_o they_o be_v perfidious_a or_o forswear_a as_o well_o as_o the_o oath_n of_o all_o other_o judge_n and_o write_v de_fw-la consulibus_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la he_o say_v that_o a_o merchant_n may_v call_v in_o question_n and_o begin_v his_o plea_n before_o they_o although_o it_o be_v against_o one_o that_o be_v no_o merchant_n if_o the_o cause_n concern_v merchandise_v and_o the_o plaintiff_n herein_o bind_v the_o defendant_n to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n be_v he_o either_o a_o knight_n or_o ecclesiastical_a person_n or_o a_o stranger_n not_o resident_a in_o the_o place_n in_o the_o like_a manner_n all_o banker_n shopkeeper_n in_o fair_n and_o market_n be_v bind_v to_o their_o jurisdiction_n for_o matter_n of_o money_n and_o exchange_n or_o for_o merchandise_n the_o plaintiff_n may_v in_o other_o place_n where_o the_o defendant_n do_v deal_v or_o negotiate_v be_v at_o his_o choice_n to_o begin_v or_o commence_v his_o suit_n where_o he_o will_v but_o not_o in_o two_o place_n at_o one_o time_n for_o one_o cause_n wherein_o sometime_o the_o penalty_n be_v by_o he_o respect_v to_o be_v far_o great_a in_o one_o place_n than_o in_o another_o here_o let_v we_o remember_v the_o controversy_n between_o two_o brother_n which_o be_v above_o fortie-yeare_n since_o call_v joan_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr failia_n and_o jaques_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr failia_n who_o go_v to_o law_n in_o brabant_n for_o many_o thousand_o pound_n and_o afterward_o one_o of_o they_o do_v commence_v suit_n in_o flanders_n be_v another_o jurisdiction_n whereupon_o he_o be_v compel_v to_o pay_v a_o forfeiture_n of_o 4000_o will_v jurisdiction_n a_o forfeiture_n for_o a_o jurisdiction_n for_o in_o truth_n good_a order_n and_o custom_n be_v to_o be_v maintain_v as_o law_n and_o nothing_o be_v to_o be_v admit_v that_o may_v infringe_v the_o law_n of_o merchant_n the_o proceed_n before_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n be_v by_o libel_n or_o petition_n or_o by_o declaration_n wherein_o let_v we_o note_v the_o difference_n set_v down_o by_o the_o say_a civilians_n declaration_n difference_n between_o a_o petition_n and_o a_o declaration_n the_o libel_n or_o declaration_n be_v to_o be_v make_v with_o all_o the_o form_n use_v in_o law_n as_o well_o for_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n as_o the_o matter_n of_o law_n but_o in_o a_o petition_n the_o form_n be_v not_o needful_a so_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o matter_n be_v well_o express_v especial_o the_o sum_n which_o be_v demand_v or_o the_o good_n be_v lend_v or_o unjust_o detain_v must_v be_v specify_v and_o if_o it_o be_v for_o money_n owe_v for_o merchandise_n or_o lend_v it_o must_v be_v declare_v otherwise_o the_o consul_n will_v reject_v the_o petition_n as_o impertinent_a albeit_o some_o trivial_a error_n in_o petition_n be_v to_o be_v tolerate_v and_o the_o party_n be_v to_o be_v by_o the_o merchant_n law_n relieve_v they_o be_v to_o proceed_v summary_o in_o all_o their_o action_n proceed_v summarie_n proceed_v to_o avoid_v interruption_n of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n and_o they_o be_v to_o respect_v plain_a and_o sincere_a deal_n among_o merchant_n with_o a_o consideration_n to_o construe_v all_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la so_o that_o trust_n may_v be_v preserve_v among_o they_o debar_v as_o much_o as_o in_o they_o lie_v the_o exception_n of_o prescription_n excussion_n and_o of_o promise_n make_v without_o consideration_n quod_fw-la nudo_fw-la pacto_fw-la promisisti_fw-la and_o the_o like_a in_o so_o much_o that_o many_o time_n a_o woman_n be_v admit_v to_o be_v a_o procuratrix_n contrary_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n law_n a_o custom_n contrary_n to_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o all_o other_o exception_n upon_o plain_a bill_n and_o obligation_n be_v set_v a_o part_n and_o the_o truth_n be_v hunt_v after_o and_o all_o exception_n proceed_v of_o justice_n and_o
have_v hereunto_o cause_v our_o seal_n to_o be_v put_v give_v at_o paris_n in_o the_o month_n of_o march_n and_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1556_o and_o the_o ten_o year_n of_o our_o reign_n sign_v by_o the_o king_n then_o in_o council_n and_o seal_v with_o green_a wax_n with_o red_a and_o green_a silk_n lace_n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o law_n of_o several_a country_n whereby_o the_o difference_n and_o controversy_n of_o merchant_n be_v determine_v the_o four_o and_o last_o mean_a to_o end_v the_o difference_n and_o controversy_n happen_v between_o merchant_n and_o other_o in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n be_v the_o imperial_a law_n or_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n where_o the_o merchant_n court_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n be_v not_o establish_v whereof_o the_o merchant_n ought_v not_o to_o beignorant_a so_o that_o in_o the_o description_n of_o they_o it_o be_v convenient_a to_o make_v some_o declaration_n for_o the_o merchant_n satisfaction_n appertain_v to_o their_o business_n and_o negotation_n all_o law_n be_v tend_v in_o substance_n to_o the_o uphold_v of_o truth_n maintain_v of_o justice_n to_o defend_v the_o feeble_a from_o the_o mighty_a law_n final_a end_n of_o the_o law_n for_o the_o suppress_n of_o injury_n and_o to_o root_v out_o the_o wicked_a from_o among_o the_o good_a prescribe_v how_o to_o live_v honest_o to_o hurt_v no_o man_n wilful_o and_o to_o render_v every_o man_n his_o due_a careful_o further_a what_o be_v right_a and_o prohibit_v what_o be_v wrong_a summary_o to_o be_v understand_v according_a to_o the_o say_n of_o our_o saviour_n christ._n what_o you_o will_v have_v man_n to_o do_v unto_o you_o do_v the_o same_o unto_o they_o 6.31_o mat._n 7.21_o luke_n 6.31_o which_o alexander_n severus_n the_o emperor_n do_v express_v thus_o that_o which_o you_o will_v not_o have_v do_v unto_o thou_o do_v not_o unto_o other_o and_o to_o this_o purpose_n let_v we_o note_v three_o sort_n of_o law_n namely_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n who_o virtue_n be_v alone_o nature_n law_n of_o nature_n and_o the_o same_o every_o way_n in_o all_o or_o rather_o a_o very_a notice_n of_o god_n law_n ingraff_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o consist_v of_o custom_n manner_n nation_n law_n of_o nation_n and_o prescription_n be_v of_o like_a condition_n to_o all_o people_n as_o we_o have_v before_o declare_v the_o civil_a law_n which_o be_v a_o abridgement_n law_n civil_a law_n derogate_a many_o illicentious_a custom_n which_o grow_v by_o perverseness_n and_o corruptness_n of_o nature_n and_o be_v term_v peculiar_a use_v by_o one_o kind_n of_o people_n call_v the_o the_o imperial_a law_n out_o of_o these_o be_v the_o common-law_n of_o england_n make_v whereof_o we_o be_v now_o first_o to_o entreat_v and_o therein_o to_o be_v somewhat_o prolix_a for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o merchant_n the_o rather_o because_o the_o law_n do_v bind_v all_o man_n to_o knowledge_n obedience_n obedience_n the_o law_n bind_v all_o man_n to_o knowledge_n and_o obedience_n and_o punishment_n for_o indeed_o no_o man_n may_v break_v they_o no_o man_n may_v be_v ignorant_a of_o they_o and_o last_o no_o man_n may_v judge_v of_o they_o but_o according_a to_o they_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v say_v that_o judex_n be_v take_v à_fw-la iudicio_fw-la non_fw-la iudicium_fw-la à_fw-la judice_fw-la and_o more_o especial_o because_o this_o book_n as_o you_o may_v find_v be_v more_o exact_o calculate_v as_o the_o prognosticator_n say_v for_o the_o meridian_n of_o england_n howbeit_o it_o may_v serve_v for_o all_o other_o country_n and_o place_n of_o traffic_n and_o trade_n of_o the_o common-lawe_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n the_o common-law_n of_o england_n be_v take_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n viz._n 1_o as_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n dissever_v from_o all_o other_o law_n student_n the_o treatise_n of_o doctor_n and_o student_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o often_o argue_v in_o the_o law_n what_o matter_n ought_v of_o right_a to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o common-law_n or_o what_o by_o the_o admiralty_n court_n or_o by_o the_o spiritual_a court_n 2_o the_o common-law_n be_v take_v as_o the_o king_n court_n of_o king_n bench_n or_o common_a plea_n 3_o by_o the_o common-law_n be_v understand_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v law_n before_o any_o statute_n make_v in_o that_o point_n that_o be_v in_o question_n whereby_o that_o point_n be_v hold_v for_o law_n by_o the_o general_a and_o particular_a custom_n and_o maxim_n of_o the_o realm_n or_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n whereunto_o the_o king_n of_o england_n at_o their_o coronation_n do_v take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n to_o observe_v the_o same_o and_o all_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o england_n successive_o ever_o observe_v england_n five_o nation_n in_o england_n namely_o britain_n roman_n and_o then_o britain_n again_o and_o than_o saxon_n dane_n and_o norman_n law_n commendation_n of_o the_o common_a law_n now_o whereas_o the_o law-merchant_n require_v brevity_n and_o expedition_n all_o man_n of_o judgement_n will_v confess_v that_o have_v see_v many_o devise_n edict_n and_o ordinance_n how_o to_o abridge_v process_n and_o to_o find_v how_o long_a suit_n in_o law_n may_v be_v make_v short_a they_o never_o perceive_v find_v nor_o read_v as_o yet_o so_o just_a and_o so_o well_o devise_v a_o mean_a find_v out_o as_o this_o by_o any_o man_n in_o europe_n albeit_o that_o the_o shortness_n thereof_o be_v such_o that_o if_o a_o man_n have_v many_o peremptory_a exception_n common-law_n peremptorinesse_n of_o the_o common-law_n which_o can_v make_v the_o state_n or_o issue_n of_o his_o cause_n he_o shall_v be_v compel_v to_o choose_v one_o exception_n whereupon_o to_o found_v his_o issue_n which_o choose_v if_o he_o fail_v by_o the_o verdict_n of_o twelve_o man_n he_o lose_v his_o action_n and_o cause_n and_o the_o rest_n can_v serve_v he_o for_o nothing_o common-law_n antiquity_n of_o the_o common-law_n great_a be_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o common-law_n of_o england_n and_o the_o trial_n of_o jury_n by_o twelve_o man_n for_o we_o find_v the_o same_o to_o be_v from_o the_o time_n that_o the_o west_n saxon_n have_v the_o rule_n and_o domination_n over_o the_o country_n of_o hamshire_n wilreshire_n dorsetshire_n somersetshire_n and_o part_n of_o glocestershire_n and_o also_o the_o same_o law_n be_v use_v among_o the_o saxon_n which_o rule_v marshland_n and_o medland_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o country_n of_o lincoln_n northhampton_n rutland_n huntingdon_n bedford_n oxford_n buckingham_z cheshire_n derby_n nottingham_n and_o part_n of_o the_o shire_n of_o gloucester_n warwick_n hereford_n and_o shropshire_n at_o such_o time_n when_o the_o land_n be_v divide_v into_o seven_o kingdom_n all_o of_o they_o be_v at_o that_o time_n inhabit_v with_o diverse_a nation_n namely_o pict_n scot_n dane_n norman_n vandal_n and_o germane_a all_o which_o have_v continue_v the_o proceed_n of_o the_o law_n until_o the_o time_n of_o william_n duke_n of_o normandy_n who_o conquer_v the_o same_o this_o william_n the_o conqueror_n have_v the_o quiet_a possession_n of_o this_o land_n and_o cause_v among_o other_o law_n the_o dane_n law_n to_o be_v collect_v which_o rule_v in_o devonshire_n and_o cornwall_n and_o a_o discreet_a view_n to_o be_v take_v of_o sundry_a law_n whereunto_o he_o do_v add_v some_o of_o his_o norman_a law_n to_o govern_v the_o people_n of_o the_o land_n now_o call_v england_n in_o so_o much_o that_o concern_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n aforesaid_a they_o be_v long_o before_o use_v by_o the_o saxon_n first_o government_n christum_fw-la ann●_n 1198_o aunt_n christum_fw-la nay_o by_o the_o briton_n themselves_o which_o be_v one_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o ninety_o and_o eight_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o our_o saviour_n christ_n be_v now_o in_o continuance_n above_o two_o thousand_o and_o eight_o hundred_o year_n for_o king_n alfred_n cause_v the_o law_n of_o marcia_n to_o be_v translate_v out_o of_o the_o britain_n into_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n and_o after_o that_o we_o find_v that_o king_n lucius_n and_o king_n alfred_n cause_v the_o continuance_n thereof_o the_o say_v common_a law_n be_v proper_o to_o be_v take_v to_o consist_v of_o the_o ancient_a maxim_n of_o the_o say_a law_n of_o the_o statute_n law_n &_o book_n case_n which_o be_v yearly_a observation_n upon_o manner_n and_o may_v be_v call_v responsa_fw-la prudentum_fw-la comprehend_v therein_o the_o municipal_a law_n etc._n municipal_a law_n as_o gavelkind_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v proper_a to_o all_o kingdom_n and_o government_n as_o a_o exception_n to_o the_o fundamental_a law_n thereof_o wherein_o many_o singular_a argument_n draw_v from_o divinity_n and_o humanity_n be_v effectual_a though_o there_o be_v no_o book_n for_o it_o for_o the_o
principle_n which_o be_v take_v from_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n or_o reason_n be_v many_o more_o than_o those_o which_o be_v of_o man_n and_o give_v by_o the_o absolute_a discretion_n of_o the_o judge_n and_o concern_v the_o prudence_n of_o the_o law_n which_o hold_v this_o maxim_n that_o it_o be_v better_a to_o suffer_v a_o mischief_n law_n a_o maxim_n in_o law_n than_o a_o inconvenience_n attribute_v the_o word_n mischief_n unto_o one_o or_o some_o few_o man_n and_o the_o word_n inconvenience_n to_o all_o person_n or_o the_o commonwealth_n in_o general_n and_o here_o let_v we_o observe_v that_o of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n there_o may_v be_v make_v a_o art_n or_o science_n consider_v we_o that_o ars_fw-la est_fw-la causarum_fw-la consideratio_fw-la art_n definition_n of_o art_n ex_fw-la finibus_fw-la assumptis_fw-la art_n be_v the_o consideration_n of_o cause_n from_o certain_a end_n propound_v according_a to_o which_o definition_n a_o orderly_a consideration_n must_v be_v take_v of_o the_o cause_n which_o can_v be_v without_o art_n for_o art_n make_v nothing_o but_o of_o thing_n already_o make_v put_v a_o dictinct_a determination_n which_o be_v do_v with_o a_o reform_a reason_n proper_o call_v logic_n which_o as_o it_o be_v the_o instrument_n of_o all_o science_n so_o be_v it_o also_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o law_n and_o although_o the_o law_n be_v now_o infinite_a in_o practice_n yet_o be_v the_o same_o finite_a in_o precept_n so_o that_o as_o in_o infinitis_fw-la omne_fw-la concurrunt_fw-la the_o law_n be_v finite_a in_o her_o principle_n may_v easy_o be_v compile_v or_o incorporate_v and_o experience_n teach_v that_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o understand_v many_o principle_n well_o put_v together_o than_o to_o put_v many_o principle_n well_o together_o whereby_o a_o man_n may_v understand_v the_o law_n hear_v the_o same_o deliver_v by_o a_o lawyer_n yet_o this_o may_v be_v do_v by_o wiseman_n for_o we_o have_v our_o finite_a original_n or_o element_n act_n person_n thing_n and_o their_o adjunct_n and_o concern_v they_o finite_a reason_n of_o which_o we_o do_v compound_v case_n infinite_a yet_o be_v all_o those_o case_n decide_v according_a to_o the_o finite_a reason_n of_o the_o finite_a element_n so_o have_v the_o physician_n finite_a simples_n though_o he_o do_v make_v infinite_a compound_n yet_o be_v they_o all_o prove_v good_a or_o bad_a to_o that_o whereunto_o they_o be_v prepare_v by_o reason_n draw_v from_o the_o finite_a simples_n now_o by_o the_o element_n of_o the_o law_n law_n element_n of_o the_o law_n we_o must_v understand_v matter_n and_o form_n not_o as_o in_o thing_n natural_a and_o compound_v but_o modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la as_o they_o speak_v so_o in_o all_o case_n there_o be_v matter_n of_o law_n matter_n of_o fact_n or_o both_o and_o the_o twelve_o man_n or_o juror_n be_v only_o ordain_v to_o try_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n for_o they_o be_v ignorant_a in_o the_o law_n so_o that_o if_o the_o question_n be_v of_o the_o law_n that_o be_v if_o both_o party_n do_v agree_v upon_o the_o fact_n and_o each_o do_v claim_v that_o by_o law_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v it_o and_o will_v still_o in_o that_o sort_n maintain_v their_o right_n than_o it_o be_v call_v a_o demurrer_n in_o law_n law_n demurrer_n in_o law_n which_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o judge_n so_o that_o if_o all_o case_n be_v reduce_v under_o these_o few_o title_n namely_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o right_a or_o title_n of_o land_n of_o debt_n of_o trespass_n of_o account_n of_o trover_n and_o of_o the_o case_n then_o may_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v bring_v naked_o before_o the_o jury_n distinguish_v from_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o law_n for_o all_o case_n be_v either_o criminal_a or_o civil_a personal_a case_n criminal_a real_a and_o personal_a or_o criminal_a real_a and_o personal_a for_o life_n honour_n and_o good_n or_o land_n and_o it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o describe_v the_o nature_n of_o these_o and_o the_o like_a action_n the_o law_n be_v singular_a in_o her_o distinction_n which_o will_v diminish_v the_o practice_n thereupon_o whereas_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o fact_n be_v first_o examine_v by_o witness_n law_n original_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n indices_fw-la torment_n and_o the_o like_a probation_n to_o find_v the_o truth_n thereof_o and_o that_o do_v the_o advocat_n do_v dispute_v of_o the_o law_n to_o make_v of_o it_o what_o they_o can_v say_v exit_fw-la facto_fw-la ius_fw-la oritur_fw-la which_o be_v long_o and_o tedious_a the_o plead_n of_o general_a issue_n with_o addition_n of_o the_o word_n modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la make_v the_o matter_n difficult_a many_o time_n when_o the_o jury_n conceive_v that_o this_o mean_v some_o matter_n of_o law_n when_o it_o be_v only_a matter_n of_o fact_n the_o juror_n therefore_o be_v principal_o to_o look_v whether_o the_o issue_n and_o evidence_n do_v concur_v which_o they_o ought_v to_o follow_v true_a it_o be_v there_o be_v sometime_o matter_n of_o law_n which_o alter_v the_o case_n when_o there_o must_v be_v prove_v a_o lawful_a consideration_n of_o quid_fw-la pro_fw-la quo_fw-la be_v nudum_fw-la pactum_fw-la what_o it_o be_v otherwise_o it_o be_v nudum_fw-la pactum_fw-la ex_fw-la quo_fw-la non_fw-la oritur_fw-la actio_fw-la wherefore_o i_o have_v see_v some_o plea_n plain_o distinguish_v the_o matter_n so_o that_o the_o jury_n may_v perceive_v the_o naked_a issue_n of_o the_o fact_n before_o they_o in_o question_n with_o all_o the_o circumstance_n which_o be_v sometime_o do_v by_o way_n of_o replication_n there_o be_v a_o maxim_n or_o ground_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n that_o if_o the_o defendant_n or_o tenant_n in_o any_o action_n plead_v a_o plea_n that_o amount_v not_o to_o the_o general_a issue_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v compel_v to_o take_v the_o general_a issue_n issue_n the_o plead_n of_o general_a issue_n and_o if_o he_o will_v not_o he_o shall_v be_v condemn_v for_o lack_v of_o answer_n the_o general_a issue_n in_o assize_n be_v that_o he_o that_o be_v name_v the_o disseisor_n have_v do_v no_o wrong_n nor_o no_o disseisin_n and_o in_o a_o writ_n of_o entry_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o assize_n the_o general_a issue_n be_v that_o he_o disseise_v he_o not_o and_o in_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n that_o he_o be_v not_o guilty_a and_o so_o every_o action_n have_v his_o general_a issue_n assign_v by_o the_o law_n and_o the_o party_n must_v of_o necessity_n either_o take_v the_o general_a issue_n or_o plead_v some_o plea_n in_o the_o abatement_n of_o the_o writ_n and_o the_o cause_n why_o this_o be_v do_v be_v because_o the_o matter_n of_o law_n shall_v not_o be_v put_v to_o the_o trial_n of_o the_o jury_n of_o twelve_o man_n m_o r._n fortescue_n say_v that_o the_o trial_n of_o twelve_o man_n be_v more_o indifferent_a than_o the_o trial_n before_o a_o judge_n because_o it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o find_v out_o two_o man_n among_o a_o number_n of_o man_n that_o may_v be_v of_o the_o party_n acquaintance_n so_o void_a of_o charity_n and_o conscience_n which_o for_o dread_n love_n or_o profit_n will_v be_v ready_a to_o gainsay_v all_o truth_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n he_o allege_v the_o example_n of_o the_o two_o witness_n against_o susanna_n according_a to_o which_o precedent_n the_o witness_n be_v to_o be_v examine_v asunder_o and_o not_o in_o the_o hear_n of_o one_o another_o as_o be_v now_o accustom_a and_o if_o their_o oath_n touch_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v record_v brief_o the_o evidence_n will_v be_v more_o certain_a for_o witness_n will_v be_v more_o careful_a upon_o which_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o jury_n depend_v if_o the_o action_n be_v local_a of_o land_n or_o house_n juror_n proceeding_n of_o juror_n the_o jury_n be_v empanel_v of_o man_n from_o as_o near_o as_o may_v be_v to_o that_o county_n where_o the_o thing_n in_o controversy_n lie_v nevertheless_o the_o defendant_n may_v take_v exception_n against_o some_o of_o the_o juror_n albeit_o for_o little_a or_o no_o cause_n and_o then_o other_o be_v take_v in_o place_n for_o there_o be_v twenty_o before_o man_n warn_v but_o twelve_o be_v sufficient_a unless_o it_o be_v upon_o a_o action_n real_a where_o twenty_o four_o must_v be_v empanel_v and_o the_o oath_n give_v to_o juror_n be_v that_o they_o shall_v deal_v just_o and_o true_o between_o party_n and_o party_n but_o the_o witness_n be_v to_o speak_v the_o truth_n the_o whole_a truth_n and_o nothing_o but_o the_o truth_n and_o so_o they_o take_v their_o oath_n and_o to_o the_o end_n the_o proceed_n in_o law_n shall_v not_o be_v hinder_v therefore_o if_o the_o juror_n fall_v out_o not_o to_o be_v full_a in_o number_n circumstantibus_fw-la decem_fw-la tales_n d●_n circumstantibus_fw-la than_o the_o sheriff_n may_v take_v decem_n tales_n de_fw-la
salt_n francis_n the_o first_o make_v the_o same_o perpetual_a as_o the_o domaine_v of_o the_o crown_n and_o all_o man_n be_v compel_v to_o buy_v it_o at_o the_o magazine_n upon_o pain_n of_o punishment_n this_o impost_n be_v let_v to_o farm_n for_o two_o million_o of_o crown_n or_o six_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a yearly_a the_o right_a of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n and_o he_o may_v lay_v imposition_n thirty_o league_n from_o the_o land_n into_o the_o sea_n if_o no_o other_o sovereign_a prince_n be_v not_o within_o that_o precinct_n there_o be_v eight_o court_n of_o parliament_n in_o france_n and_o eight_o chamber_n of_o account_n at_o paris_n erect_v 1302_o by_o philip_n le_fw-fr bell._n at_o paris_n parlement_n court_n of_o parlement_n at_o tholouze_n also_o and_o confirm_v by_o charles_n the_o 7._o in_o britain_n at_o grenoble_n 1453_o by_o lewis_n the_o 11._o at_o dion_n account_n court_n of_o account_n at_o bourdeaux_n 1462_o by_o lewis_n the_o 11._o at_o monpellier_n at_o aix_n 1501_o by_o lewis_n the_o 12._o in_o dolphin_n at_o dion_n 1476_o by_o lewis_n the_o 11_o for_o burgundy_n in_o provence_n at_o rouen_n 1449_o by_o lewis_n the_o 12_o for_o normandy_n at_o blois_n at_o rheame_n 1553_o by_o h._n the_o 2_o for_o britainie_n at_o rouen_n of_o the_o salic_a law_n of_o france_n it_o be_v a_o usual_a receive_a opinion_n that_o pharamont_n be_v the_o author_n of_o this_o law_n other_o think_v it_o be_v so_o call_v of_o the_o gaul_n that_o be_v call_v salie_n among_o who_o that_o law_n be_v establish_v for_o the_o ancient_a gaul_n term_v all_o their_o law_n either_o ripuarie_n or_o salic_a and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o charlemagne_n they_o be_v call_v salique_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v invent_v of_o latter_a time_n as_o by_o philip_n le_fw-fr long_n to_o frustrate_v the_o daughter_n of_o lewis_n huttin_n or_o else_o to_o have_v have_v the_o first_o strength_n from_o a_o usual_a custom_n of_o all_o barbarian_n which_o be_v never_o to_o suffer_v the_o female_n to_o inherit_v the_o crown_n and_o so_o be_v begin_v in_o the_o first_o and_o second_o line_n of_o the_o king_n it_o have_v continue_v in_o the_o three_o and_o by_o custom_n it_o be_v rather_o confirm_v than_o to_o be_v prove_v to_o be_v a_o law_n at_o any_o time_n ordain_v have_v be_v little_a account_n make_v thereof_o until_o the_o controversy_n between_o philip_n le_fw-fr long_n and_o end_v duke_n of_o burgundy_n who_o claim_v it_o for_o his_o niece_n jane_n daughter_n to_o lewis_n huttin_n and_o philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n with_o edward_n king_n of_o england_n the_o book_n of_o the_o salic_a law_n be_v but_o a_o collection_n howbeit_o there_o be_v no_o example_n ever_o hear_v of_o that_o any_o woman_n govern_v of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o high_a and_o low_a germany_n concur_v with_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o court_n of_o equity_n in_o substance_n the_o court_n of_o equity_n beyond_o the_o sea_n after_o bill_n and_o answer_v replication_n and_o rejoinder_n and_o sometime_o duplication_n and_o at_o last_o conclusion_n with_o the_o examination_n of_o witness_n in_o serious_a manner_n the_o whole_a proceed_n be_v deliver_v to_o certain_a doctor_n or_o learned_a man_n which_o be_v as_o master_n of_o the_o chancery_n or_o belong_v to_o certain_a university_n to_o be_v abreviate_v which_o be_v call_v ad_fw-la rotulandum_fw-la who_o do_v cut_v off_o all_o superfluous_a thing_n which_o upon_o the_o matter_n be_v confess_v on_o both_o side_n process_n to_o abreviate_v long_a process_n or_o be_v not_o material_a to_o the_o state_n of_o the_o cause_n to_o bring_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o party_n to_o certain_a point_n or_o head_n whereupon_o the_o say_a party_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o advocate_n or_o learned_a counsel_n do_v dispute_n and_o debate_v the_o say_a difference_n to_o bring_v they_o as_o it_o be_v ripe_a and_o perfect_v before_o the_o judge_n for_o if_o the_o defendant_n will_v take_v covert_o any_o exception_n against_o the_o judge_n of_o that_o jurisdiction_n he_o may_v have_v the_o whole_a process_n make_v up_o in_o the_o name_n of_o a.b._n and_o c.d._n as_o it_o be_v complainant_a and_o defendant_n without_o name_v either_o of_o the_o party_n and_o the_o same_o to_o be_v send_v under_o the_o town_n seal_v unto_o doctor_n or_o other_o learned_a man_n of_o university_n elect_v thereunto_o in_o other_o jurisdiction_n which_o do_v give_v their_o sentence_n or_o judgement_n thereupon_o and_o return_v the_o same_o back_n again_o under_o seal_n before_o the_o judge_n where_o the_o cause_n be_v depend_v who_o call_v both_o party_n before_o he_o demand_v of_o they_o whether_o he_o shall_v open_v the_o process_n and_o whether_o they_o will_v stand_v to_o the_o judgement_n therein_o contain_v and_o if_o the_o complainant_n descend_v thereunto_o then_o be_v the_o defendant_n thereby_o conclude_v see_v he_o have_v his_o choice_n and_o do_v in_o a_o manner_n appeal_v from_o the_o judge_n whereupon_o execution_n be_v present_o have_v and_o matter_n be_v end_v with_o expedition_n by_o the_o premise_n we_o may_v observe_v how_o other_o law_n be_v variable_a and_o subject_a to_o alteration_n and_o that_o the_o law-merchant_n be_v constant_a and_o permanent_a in_o her_o custom_n which_o therefore_o be_v not_o to_o be_v infringe_v but_o serious_o to_o be_v maintain_v by_o all_o the_o four_o precedent_a mean_n or_o some_o select_a course_n of_o execution_n to_o be_v devise_v concur_v with_o the_o same_o for_o the_o better_a furtherance_n whereof_o and_o more_o exact_a explanation_n by_o contrary_n i_o have_v for_o a_o corrollarie_n of_o this_o work_n add_v hereunto_o three_o paradox_n allude_v to_o the_o say_v three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n which_o will_v illustrate_v the_o most_o material_a consideration_n to_o be_v have_v in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n and_o trade_n chap._n xviii_o three_o paradox_n allude_v to_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n have_v heretofore_o publish_v a_o treatise_n entitle_v england_n view_n in_o the_o unmask_n of_o two_o paradox_n which_o have_v be_v present_v unto_o the_o french_a king_n henry_n the_o four_o as_o a_o matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n and_o considerable_a in_o the_o government_n of_o commonweal_n and_o find_v that_o the_o true_a understanding_n of_o they_o with_o a_o three_o paradox_n observe_v by_o i_o do_v proper_o allude_v to_o the_o content_n of_o this_o book_n or_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n for_o money_n i_o do_v resolve_v to_o handle_v the_o substance_n of_o they_o for_o a_o corrollarie_n of_o the_o same_o be_v paradox_n what_o it_o be_v the_o rather_o because_o paradox_n be_v thing_n contrary_a to_o the_o vulgar_a opinion_n and_o will_v also_o make_v all_o the_o premise_n more_o manifest_a and_o apparent_a by_o their_o conclusion_n the_o say_v two_o paradox_n present_v by_o monsieur_n malestroit_n one_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o finance_n or_o treasury_n in_o france_n be_v as_o follow_v say_v 1_o that_o to_o complain_v of_o the_o general_a dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o france_n be_v without_o cause_n commodity_n commodity_n for_o there_o be_v nothing_o grow_v dear_a these_o three_o hundred_o year_n 2_o that_o there_o be_v much_o to_o be_v lose_v upon_o a_o crown_n and_o money_n and_o or_o any_o other_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n albeit_o one_o do_v give_v the_o same_o in_o payment_n at_o the_o price_n he_o do_v receive_v the_o same_o the_o three_o paradox_n which_o i_o have_v add_v hereunto_o be_v 3_o that_o the_o imaginary_a money_n suppose_v in_o exchange_n for_o money_n exchange_n exchange_n make_v by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n do_v over-rule_v the_o course_n and_o property_n of_o real_a and_o substantial_a money_n in_o specie_fw-la mounseur_fw-fr malestroit_n say_v that_o since_o the_o ancient_a permutation_n have_v be_v change_v in_o buy_v and_o sell_v and_o that_o the_o first_o riches_n of_o man_n which_o consist_v of_o cattle_n be_v transfer_v to_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n whereby_o all_o thing_n have_v receive_v their_o estimation_n dearth_n gold_n and_o silver_n be_v the_o judge_n of_o good_a cheap_a or_o dearth_n it_o follow_v that_o those_o metal_n be_v the_o right_a judge_n of_o good_a cheap_a or_o dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n we_o can_v say_v that_o any_o thing_n be_v dear_a than_o it_o be_v three_o hundred_o year_n ago_o unless_o that_o for_o the_o buy_v thereof_o we_o must_v now_o give_v more_o gold_n and_o silver_n than_o we_o do_v then_o but_o for_o the_o buy_n of_o all_o thing_n we_o do_v not_o give_v now_o more_o gold_n or_o silver_n than_o we_o do_v then_o therefore_o say_v he_o nothing_o be_v grow_v dear_a in_o france_n since_o that_o time_n to_o prove_v this_o he_o do_v allege_v that_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o