béefore a temporall Judge c. and the prisoner praieth his clergye that is to saye to haue hys booke which is as much as if hée desired to bée dismyssed from the Temporall Judge and to bee deliuered to the Ordinarie to purge hym selfe of the same offence This priuyledge at the firste was not soe generall in respect of the parties that should take benefite thereby as it afterwarde beecame to bée for at the beginninge beinge a popishe inuentyon the patrons thereof were very partial and wolde not that any should reape commodity thereby but their popish priestes only and such as were wythin orders as aforesayed and this arose amonge them partlye through their great pride dysdayninge to bee vnder the obedience of their natural kinges and temporall correctyon and partelye of polycie for shame lest the leude maners of their spiritualty should come to the open view examination of y e layetie as they distinguish them noe meruaile at al for w tin a fewe of the first yeres of king Henry y e secoÌ„ds raigne the clergie of the Realme had committed aboue one hundred seueral murders vppon hys subiectes as the Kinge was certenly informed besides many robberies and other outrages for remedy whereof order was taken by y e king his nobilitie and w t much a doe the Clergie consented therto y t if any clerke from thence forth committed felony or treason he should first be degraded and afterwarde deliuered to the lay power there to receiue as to his offence belonged c. at y â— last in fauor of life a thing to bee shewed indifferently towards al mankinde and for the loue of lerninge it was graunted to al men that could reade though they were neither priestes nor w tin orders And since in parliament made vpon good considerations it hath ben restreined and taken away in dyuers cases as in wilful murder Burglary and such others Clerke attaint Clerke conuict CLerkes are in ii sorts that is to say Clerkes attaint Clerkes conuict Clerke attaint is he which prayeth his clergy after iudgement gyuen vpon him of the felony and hath his clergy allowed such a Clerke may not make his purgatioÌ„ Clerke conuict is hée which prayeth his clergy before iudgment gyuen vppon him of the felony and hath hys clergy to him graunted such a clerke may make his purgation Colour COlour is a fayned matter which the defendant or tenant vseth in his barre when an accion of trespas or an assise is brought against him in which he gyueth the demandant or plaintife a shewe at the first sight that he hath good cause of accion where in troth it is no iust cause but onely a colour and face of a cause And it is vsed to the intent that the determynatyon of the accion should bée by the Judges and not by an ignorant Jury of xii men And therefore a colour ought to bée a matter in law or doubtfull to the common people as for example A. bringes an assise of land against B. and B. saith that hee hym selfe did let the same land to one C. for terme of life and afterwarde did graunt the reuersion to A. the demaundaunt and after C. the tenaunt for terme of lyfe died after whose decease A. the demaundaunt claiming the reuersion by force of that graunt whereto C. the tenaunt for life did neuer atturne entred vpoÌ„ whom B. entred against whom A. for y â— entre bringes this assise c. this is a good colour because the comoÌ„ people thinke that the land will passe by the grauÌ„t without atturnement where in déede it wil not passe c. Also in an accion of trespas colour must bée geuen and of them are an infinite number one for example In an accion of trespas for takinge away of the playntifes beastes the defendaunt saith that before y e pleintife had any thing in theÌ„ hée himselfe was possessed of theÌ„ as of his proper goodes and deliuered them to A. B. to redeliuer them to him againe when c. and A. B. gaue them vnto the plaintife the plaintife supposing the propertie to be in A. B. at y â— time of the gift tooke them and the defendant tooke them from the plaintife whereupon the plaintife bringeth y e accion this is a good colour and a good plea. Colour of office COlour of office is alwaies takeÌ„ in y e worst part signifieth an act euel done by the countenance of an office and it beareth a dissemblinge face of the right office where as the office is but auaile to the falsehod the thinge is grounded vpoÌ„ vice and the office is as a shadowe to it But reason of the office vertue of the office are taken alwayes in the best part and where the office is the iust cause of the thynge and the thynge is pursuing to the office Collusion COllusioÌ„ is where an accion is brought agaynst another by hys owne agreement if the plaintife recouer then such recouery is called by collusion and in some cases the collusion shall bée enquired of as in a Quare impedit an assise such like But in auowry nor in a writ of entrie or any accyon personall the collusion shall not bée inquyred Common law COmmon lawe is for the most part taken 3. waies first for the lawes of this Realme simple without any other lawe as customary lawe Ciuil lawe Spirituall lawe or whatsoeuurr els lawe ioyned vnto it as when it is disputed in our laws of England what ought of right to bée determyned by the comon lawe and what by the spirituall lawe or Admirales Court or such like Secondly it is taken for the kinges courtes as the kynges bench or common place onely to shewe a difference béetwéene them and y â— base courtes as Customary courts courtes barons county courtes pipouders and such like as when a plea of land is remoued out of auncient demesne because the laÌ„d is frank fée pleadable at the coÌ„mon lawe y t is to say in y â— kings court and not in auncien demesne or in any other base court Thirdly and most vsually by the comon law is vnderstoode such laws as were generally taken and holden for lawe before any statute was made to alter the same as for example Tenant for life nor for yeares were not to be punished for doinge wast at the common lawe tyll the statute of Glocester ca. 5. was made which doth giue an action of wast against them But tenant by the curteâ—y and tenaunt in dower were punishable of wast at the common law that is to say by the vsual and comon receiued laws of y â— Realme before the sayd statute of Glocester was made Comon COmmon is the right y t a maÌ„ hath to put his beastes to pasture or to vse to occupy the grouÌ„d that is not his owne And note y â— there be diuers comons that is to say comoÌ„ in grosse common appendaunt comon appurtenant comoÌ„ because of neighbourhod Common
other in the night with felonious intent to robbe or kil or to doe some other felony in which cases although he cary away nothing yet it is felony for which he shall suffer death Otherwise it is if it be in the day tyme or that hée breake the house in the night and enter not therin at that tyme. But if a seruant will conspire with other men to robbe his master and to that intent hee openeth his masters dores or windowes in the night for them and they come into the house by that way this is burglary in the straungers and the seruant is a théefe but noe burglar And this was the opinion of the right worshipfull Sir Roger Manwood knight most woorthy Lorde Chiefe Baron of the Eschequer at the quarter Sessions holden in CauÌ„terburie in Januarie last 1579. 21. Elizabeth Caruage CAruage that is to bée quite if the kinge shall taxe al hislaÌ„d by Carues Note that a Carue of land is a plowland Cession CEssion is when an Ecclesiasticall person is created bishop or wheÌ„ a person of a personage taketh an other benefice without dispensation or otherwise not qualified c. In both cases their first benefices are becoÌ„e void and to those that he had who was created Bishop the Quéene shal present for that tyme whosoeuer be patron of them And in the other case the patron may present Challenge CHallenge is where Jurours appeare to trie an issue then if any of the parties suppose y â— they are not indifferent they may there Challenge and refuse them There be diuers challenges one is challenge to the array the other to the polles Challenge to tharray is wheÌ„ the panel is fauourably made by the sherife or other officer Challenge by the poles are some principal and some by cause as they call it Principal is wheÌ„ one of the Juroures is the son brother or cosine to the plaintife or defendaunt or tenant to him or y â— he hath espoused the daughter of the pleintife for those causes hée shalbée withdrawen Also in a plée of y â— death of a maÌ„ in euery other accion reall in accions personall if the debt or daÌ„mages amount to xl markes it is a good challenge that he cannot dispende xl s. by the yeare of free holde Challenge by cause is where the party doth alledge a matter which is no principal chelleÌ„ge as y â— y â— son of one of y â— Jurrours hath espoused the daughter of the pleintif then he doth coÌ„clude therfore he is so fauorable which shal be tried by others of theÌ„quest whether he be fauorable or indifferent if they say that he is fauorable and not indifferent theÌ„ hée shalbée drawen out otherwyse hée shalbée sworn Also a felon that is arraigned may challenge xx Jurrours paremptory wythout any cause that is in fauour of life as many as hee wil with cause but then it shal be tried if for such cause he be indifferent or not Champertours CHampertours be they y t moue pleas suites or cause to be moued by own or others procurement sue them at their owne costs to haue part of the land or gaines in variance Charge CHarge is where a man grauÌ„teth a rent out of his grounde and that if the rent bée béehinde that it shal be lawfull for him his heires assignes to distraine till the rent be paide This is called a rent charge But if one graunt a reÌ„t charge out of the land of an other and after purchase the land the grauÌ„t is voide Charters of lands CHarters of lands are writings déeds euideÌ„ces instrumeÌ„ts made froÌ„ one man to an other vpoÌ„ some estate coÌ„ueied or passed betwene theÌ„ of lands or tenemeÌ„ts shewing the name place quantitie of the land the estate time maner of the doinge thereof the parties to the estate deliuered and takeÌ„ the witnesses pres eÌ„t at the same with other circumstaunces Chattels CHattels are in ij sortÊ’ that isto say Chattels Reals and Chattels personals Chattels Reals are leases for yeares wardes and to holde at wil c. Chattels personals ar al mouable goods as money plate householde stuffe horses kine corne such like Childewite CHildwite that is y â— you may take a fine of your bondwoman defiled and begotten w t childe w tout your licence Chimin CHimine is the hye way where euery maÌ„ goethe which is called via Regia and yet the Kynge hath noe other thinge there but the passage for hym and hys people for the frée holde is in the Lorde of the soyle and all the profyte growinge there as trees and other thinges Thing in action THinge in action is when a manne hath cause or may brynge an action for some duity due to him as an action of det vpon an obligation aÌ„nuity Rent Couenant warde goods trespas or such like And because they are thinges wherof a man is not possessed but for recouery of them is driuen to his actioÌ„ they are called things in action those thinges in action that are certen the Quéene may grauÌ„t the grauÌ„tee may vse an actyon for them in hys owne name onely But a common person cannot graunt his thing in actioÌ„ nor the Queene her felâ—e cannot grauÌ„t her thing in actioÌ„ which is vncerten as trespas such like Circuit of action CIrcuite of action is when an actyon is rightly brought for a duetie but yet about y e bush as it were for y â— it might as well bene otherwise aunswered and determined that suit saued and because that theÌ„ same actioÌ„ was more then néedful it is called circuite of action As if a manne graunt a rent charge of x. li. out of his manner of dale and after the grauntee disseise y â— grauÌ„tour of the same maner of dale and hée bringeth an assise and recouereth the lande and xx li. dammages which xx li. being paied the grauntee of the rent sueth his action for x. li. of his rent due duringe the time of the disseison which if noe disseisin had bene hée must haue had This is called circuit of action béecause it might haue bene more shortly aunswered for where as the grauntour should receyue xx li. dammages and pay x. li. rent he might haue receiued but the x. li. onely for the dammages and the grauntee might haue cut of and kept backe the other x. li. in his handes by way of detayner for his rent and soe thereby mought haue saued his action Claime CLaime is a challenge by any man of the propertie or ownershippe of a thinge which he hath not in possession but which is with holden froÌ„ him wrongfully Clergie CLergie is an auncyent libertye of the popishe Church which hath also béene confyrmed with vs in dyuers Parlyamentes And it is when a priest or one within holy orders as they terme it or any other whoesoeuer in whome is noe impedyment or impossibilitye to bée a priest is arraigned of felonye or such lyke
father brother cosin or other man that he wolde appoint should take it if it were a house of Monkes and if hée were founder of a house of Nuns or women theÌ„ the same for his mother Sister Cosin or other woman that hée would direct thither And alwaies this was prouided for that hée that had Corody in a house of Monkes might not seÌ„d a woman to take it Nor where Corody was due in a Nunry there it was not lawful to appoint a man to receiue y â— same for in both cases such presentation was to bée reiected And this Corody was due as well to a coÌ„mon person y â— was foundor as where the kinge him selfe was foundor But where the house was holden in frankalmoign there the tenure itselfe was a discharge of Corody against al menne Except it were afterward charged voluntaryly as when the kinge woulde send his writ to the Abbey for a Corody for such a one whoÌ„ they admitt there the house should be charged for euer whether the kynge were foundor or not Crowner CRowner is an auncient officer of trust and of great aucthoritie ordayned to be a principal conseruator or kéeper of the peace to beare recorde of the pleas of the Crowne and of his owne sight and of diuers other things many in number c. But at this day either y e aucthoritie of the Coroner is not so great as in fore tyme it was whereby the office is not had in like estimation Or els the Shirife and those y â— haue aucthoritie to choose the Coroner are not so careful as they should be in their election therefore it is nowe almost come agayne into that plight that it was in king Edward the firsts daies when this statute followinge was made Forasmuch as meane menne and vndiscréete nowe of late are commonly chosen to the office of Coroner where it is requisite that wyse men lawfull and able should occupie such offices It is prouided that through all Shires sufficient mâ—n shoulde bee chosen to bée coroners out of the most wyse and discréetest knightes c. And although the letter of this statute be not precisely obserued yet at the least the entend should be followed as nigh as might bée that for the default of knights GeÌ„tlemen furnished with such qualities as the statute setteth downe of whych sort there bee many might be chosen with this addicioÌ„ that they be vertuous good knowne Christians Corporation COrporation is a permanent thing y â— may haue succession And is an assembly and ioining together of many into one fellowshipp brother hoode and minde whereof one is hedde chéefe the rest are the body this hedde body knitte together make the corporation And of corporatyons some are called spiritual and some temporal and of those that are spiritual some are corporations of dead persons in lawe and some otherwise and some are by aucthoritie of the kynge onely and some haue byn of a mixt aucthoritie and of those that are temporal some are by aucthoritie of the kynge also and some by the common lawe of the Realme Corporation spiritual and of deade persons in lawe is where the corporation consisteth of an Abbot and Couent and these had beginninge of the kinge and the man of Roome when he had to doe here Corporation spiritual and of able persons in lawe is where the corporation consisteth of a Deane and chapter and his corporation had béeginninge of the Kynge onely Corporation Temporal by the king is where there is a maier and coÌ„minalty Corporation Temporal by aucthoritie of the coÌ„mon law is the asseÌ„ble in parliament which coÌ„sisteth of the Quéene the hedde of the corporation and of the Lordes spiritual and temporal and the comons of y e realme y â— body of y â— corporation Bodies politike BOdies politike are Bishops Abbots Priors Deans persoÌ„ of a church and such like which haue succession Corruption of Blodde COrruption of blodde is when the father is attaynted of felonye or treason then his blode is sayed to be corrupt by meanes wherof his children cannot bée heires to him nor to any other auÌ„cestour And if hee were a noble man or gentlemanne before hee and al his chyldren thereby are made vnnoble vngentle hauinge regarde to the nobilitie or gentrye that they clayme by their father which cannot bée made hole againe without aucthority of parliament Couenant COuenaunt is an agréement had béewéene two personnes where euery of them is bounden to the other to parfourme certeyne couenauntes for hys parte Couerture COuerture is when a man a woman ar maried together Nowe the tyme of the contynuaunce of this mariage betwene them is called couerture and the wife is called a woman couert Couin COuin is a secret assent determined in the hartes of ij or more to the preiudice of any other As if tenaunt for terme of life wil secretly coÌ„spire with an other that y â— other shal recouer against the tenaunt for lyfe the lande whiche hée holdeth c. in preiudice of him in the reuersion Counterplea COunterplee is where one bringeth an actyon and the tenaunt in his aunswere and plee voucheth or calleth for any manne to warraunt his title or praieth in aide of an other which hath better estate then hée as of hym that is in the reuersion or if one that is a straunger to the action come and pray to bee resceyued to saue his estate if the demaundaunt reply thereto and shew cause that he ought not to vouche such one or that hée ought not of such one to haue ayde or that such one ought not to bée resceyued this plée is called a counterplée Cinque portes CInque portes be certein hauen townes fiue in number to which haue bene longe since graunted manye libertyes that other porte Townes haue not and that first in the time of king Edward called y â— coÌ„fessor who was before y â— coÌ„quest hath beÌ„ encreased since chiefly in y e dates of y e ij Edwards the first second since y â— conquest as appereth in the booke of Domesday other olde monuments which in this worke beinge to longe to cite I meane bro. N. to omit set you here downe y â— copy of an auncient record in freÌ„ch which y e worship full our louing and very good father master Iohn Tvvine of Caunterbury gaue me out of his booke called W. Biholt sometime a monck of y â— abbey of Saynt Augustines wherein you shal learne which were auÌ„cieÌ„tly accoÌ„pted y â— v. ports their memberz what seruices they ow where their court ought to be kept before whom and of what matters they may hold plee w t such like worthy to be knowen thereby you shal perceiue also y â— y e olde rude verse doth falsely name y e v. ports in reckninge them vp after this sort Douer Sandwicus Rye RuÌ„ney Frigmareuentus Douer Sandwich Rie Rumney Wichelsey which is meÌ„thy FrigmareueÌ„tus c. which recorde
may well pursue and if I take it presently in the hye way or in an others grouÌ„d y â— taking is lawful aswell there as vppon the land charged to whomsoeuer y â— propertie of the goodes bee Also for fines and amercemeÌ„ts which be assessed in a leete one may alway take the goodes of him that is so amerced in whose ground so euer they bée within the iurisdictyon of the court as it is sayd And when one hath takeÌ„ a distresse it beehâ—â—ueth hym to bringe it to the commen pound or els hée may kéepe it in an others ground so that hée géeue notice to the party that hée if the distresse be a quicke beast may géeue to it foode and then if the beast dye for defaut of foode hee that was dystrayned shall bee at the losse and then the other may distrayne agayne for the same rent or duitie But if hee brynge the dystresse to a holde or out of the couÌ„ty that the sherife may not make deliueraunce vppon the repleuin then the party vppon the retorne of the sherife shall haue a writ of Withernam directed to the sherife that he take as many of hys beastes or as much goodes of the other in his kéepinge tyll that he hath made deliueraÌ„ce of the first distres Also if they bee in a forfelet or Castell the Sherife may take with him the power of the County beate downe the Castel as it appeareth by y â— statute Westm 1. cap. xvii Therefore looke the statute Diuorce DIuorce so called of diuortium coÌ„minge of the verbe diuorto which signifieth to returne backe As when a maÌ„ is diuorced froÌ„ his wife hée returneth her backe home to her father or other frends or to the place from wheÌ„â—e he had her by such diuorce the mariage is defeated and vndone Donor donee DOnor is hee whych gyueth lands or tenements to an other in tayle and hée to whom the same is so gyuen is called donée Double plea. DOuble plee is where the defendaunt or tenant in any accion pleadeth a plée in the which ii matters be compreheÌ„ded and euery one by himselfe is a sufficyent barre or aunswere to the action then such a doublee plee shall not bée admitted for a plée except one depend vpon an other and in such case if he may not haue the last plée without the first plée then such a double plee shal be wel suffered Ryght RIght is where one hath a thing that was taken from an other wrongfully as by disseisin or putting out or such like And the challenge or claime that hée hath who should haue y e thing is called right Right of entrie RIght of entrie is when one seysed of land in fee is therof disseised Now the disseisée hath right to enter into y â— land may so do wheÌ„ he wyll or els hée may haue a writ of ryght against the disseisour Dures DUres is where one is kept in prison or restrained froÌ„ his liberty contrary to the order of the lawe and if such a person so beinge in dures make any especialtie or obligation by reason of such imprisonment such a déede is voyde in the lawe and in an actyon brought vppon such an especialtie hee may say that it was made by dures of imprysonment but if a man bee arrested vppon any accion at the suite of an other though the cause of the accion be not good nor trewe if hée make any obligation to a straunger béeinge in prison by such arrest yet it shall not bee sayed by dures but if hée make an obligation to hym at whose suit he was arrested to bée dyscharged of such imprisonment then it shal be said dures Eire Iustices EIre Justices or Itinerant as we call them were Justices that vsed to ryde from place to place through out the realme to administer Justice Embrasour or Embraceour EMbrasour or Embraceour is he that when a matter is in trial béetwéene party and party commeth to the Barre with one of the partyes hauinge receyued some rewarde soe to doe and speaketh in the case or priuely laboreth the Jurie or standeth there to furuey or ouerlooke theÌ„ thereby to put them in feare doubt of y â— matter But men that are learned in the laws may speake in the case for their fée but they may not labour the Jurye and if they take money soe to doe they alsoe are embrasors Encrochment ENcrochment is sayed when the Lorde hath gotten seisine of more rent or seruices of hys tonaunt then of right is due or ought to bée payed or done vnto him As if the tenaunt holde slande of hys Lorde by fealtye and ij s. rent yerelye And nowe of late tyme the Lord hath gotten seysine of thrée shillings rent or of homage or Escuage or such lyke Then thys is called an Encrochment of that rent or seruice Enheritance ENheritaunce is such estate in landes or tenements or other thinges as may be inherited by the heire whether it be of estate in fée simple or taile by discent from any of hys â–ª Auncesters or by hys owne purchase And Enheritaunce is deuided into two sortes that is to say enheritaÌ„ce corporate enheritance incorporate Enheritance corporate are mesuages landes meadowes pastures rentes and such lyke that haue substaunce in them selues and may haue contynuaunce alwayes And these ar called corporal things Enheritaunce incorporate are aduowsens villaynes wayes comons Courts fishings and such like that are or may be appendant or appurtenant to inheritances corporate Equitie EQuitie is in two sorts differing much the one from the other and are of contrarye effectes for the one doth abridge diminishe and take from y e letter of y â— law The other doth inlarge amplifie and adde therunto The first is thus defined Equitie is the correction of a lawe generally made in that part wherein it faileth which correction of y e generall wordes is much vsed in our lawe As if for example when an act of parliament is made that whoesoeuer doth such a thinge shal be a sclon and shal suffer death yet if a madde manne or an infaunt of yonge yeres that hath noe discretion doe the same they shal be no feloÌ„s nor suffer death therefore Also if a statute were made that al personnes that shal receiue or gene meate and drinke or other succour to any that shal do such a thing shal bée accessorie to hys offence and shal suffer death if they did knowe of the fact yet not withstandinge one doth such an act and commeth to his wife whoe knowing thereof doth receiue him and giues him meat and drinke shée shall not bée accessory nor felon for in the generaltie of the said wordes of y e lawe he that is mad nor y e infant nor the wife were included in meaning And thus equity doth correct y â— generality of y â— law in those cases the general words are by equitye abrydged The other equitie is defined after this sorte Equitye is when the wordes of
it should come in y ◠sence as wée there take it For accordinge to the proper significatiō mulier is a defiled woman like as it is vsed by vlpianus in a certen place after this sort if I thought that I had bought a virgin when it was a defiled woman the bargayne was not good Hereby you may sée y t multer is a woman that hath had y e company of a man But to leaue the right signification Mulier is taken in our law for one that is lawfully begotten and borne and is alwayes vsed in comparison with a bastarde onely to shewe a difference betwene thē as thus for example A man hath a sonne by a woman before mariage that issue is called a bastard and vnlawful And after they entermary and haue an other sonne this second sonne is called mulier that is to say lawfull and shalbée heire to hys father but that other cannot bée heire to any manne because it is not knowen nor certen in the iudgement of the lawe who was hys father and for that cause is sayd to bée no mannes sonne or y e sonne of the people and so wythout father according to this old verse To whom the people father is to him is father none and all To whom the people father is wel fatherlesse wée may him cal And alwaies you shal find this addition to thē bastard eldest mulier yongest when they bée compared together Murder MUrder is a wilful killinge of a man vppon malice forethought and seemeth to comeof the Saxon woord Mordren which so signifieth And Mordridus is the murderer euen vntil this day amonge them in Sexonie from whence wée haue most of our words as hath byn often said Negatiua preignans NEgatiua preignans is when an action or information or such like is brought against one and the defendant pleadeth in barre of the actyon or otherwyse a negatiue plea whych is not soe specyall an answere to the actyon but that it includeth also an affirmatiue As for example if hée in reuersion enter vppon tenant for life supposinge that hée hath aliened in fee which is a forfaiture of hys estate and the tenaunt for life saith that hée hath not aliened in fée this is a negatyue wherein is included an affirmatiue for although it bée true that he haue not aliened in fée yet it may bée that hée hath made an estate in tayle whych is also a forfayture and then the entry of hym in the reuersion is lawefull c. Also in a Quare impedit the Quéene makes tytle to present to a Prebende for that the Temporaltyes of the Bishoprick were in her hāds by the death of W. late Bishop c. The defendant saith that it was not voyd being the temporalties in the Quéens handes by the death of W. this is a negatiue preignans for it may bée in the Quéenes hāds otherwyse then by the death of W. and it suffiseth the Quéene if it bée in her handes by any meanes c. Soe it is where an Information was brought in the Cheker against John Stile for that he bought wooll beetwéene shering time and the Assumptyon such a yeare of John N. The defendaunt sayth that hée dyd not buy any of John N. as it is alledged c. this is called a negatiue preignans for if he bought it of any other yet hée is culpable for the buyinge Niefe NIefe is a womā that is bonde or a vyllen woman but if shée mary a frée manne shee is thereby made frée for euer although y t her husbande die and she suruiue hym because that shée and her husband are but one person in lawe and shée ought to bée of the same nature and condytion in law to al intents that her husband is But her husband is frée to all intentes without any condityon in lawe or otherwise and so by consequens the wife ought to bée and is frée according to y ◠nature of her frée husband then if she were once frée and clerely discharged of bōdage to al entents she cānot be niefe after w tout especial act done by her as diuorce or cōfessiō in court of Record and that is in fauour of liberty therefore a frée woman shal not be bounde by taking of a villē to her husband But their issue shal bée villens as their father was which is contrary to the Ciuile lawe for there it is said y ◠birth followeth the belly Bōdage or villenage had beginninge amonge y ◠Hebrewes his original proceding of Canaan y ◠sōne of Cham who because that hée had mocked his father Noe to scorne lying desolutly whē he was drunke was punished in his sonne Chanaan w t penalty of bondage Nihil dicit NIhil dicit is when an action is brought against a man the defēdant appéeres the plaintife declares the defendant wil not aunswere or pleades to the action doth not maintaine hys plea but makes defaut nowe vpon this defaut he shal be condemned because he saith nothing Nomination NOmination is where one may in right of his maner or otherwise nominate and appoint a worthy clarke or man to a personage vicarage or such like spiritual promotion Nonabilitie NOnabylitye is where an action is broughte against one and the defendaunt saieth that the playntife is not able to sue any action and demaundeth iudgement if hée shal bee aunswered There are vj. causes of nonability in the pleintife as if he bée an outlawe or an alien borne but that dysabilitye is in actiōs reales and mixt onely and not in actyons personalles except hee be an alien enemye or condempned in premunire or professed in religion that is to saye the Roomish religion or accursed or a villen and sueth hys Lorde but this last is noe ple for an other y ◠is not lord to the villen Bare or naked Contract BAre Contract or naked promise is where a manne bargaineth or selleth his lāds or goods or promiseth to geue to one money or a horse or to builde a house or doe such a thinge at such a daye and there is no recompence appoynted to him for the doinge therof As if one saye to an other I sel or geue to you al my landes or goodes and there is nothing appoynted assigned or agréed vppon what the other shal giue or pay for it so y t there is not one thinge for an other this is a naked contract and voyde in lawe for not perfourmaunce thereof noe action lyeth for of a naked cōtract commeth noe action Oredelfe O Redelfe is where one claimes to haue y ◠ore that is founde in his soile or ground Outfanthefe OUtfangthiefe that is y ◠theues orfelōs of your lād or fée out of your lād or fée taken w t felony or a stealing shal be brought backe to your court and there iudged Owelte OWelte is when there is Lorde mesne tenant and y e tenaunt holdeth of the mesne by the same seruices that the meane
bon grace coÌ„e ils que poient iudg er diont translate hors d'latine en Englois et moult aptment appell ceo Physicke encounter fortune Blodewit BLodewit hoc est quietuÌ„ esse d' Amerciamentis d' sanguine fuso et que teneantur placita in curia vestra et habeatis amerciamenta inde prouenientia quia wit angl ' misericordia latine Boote BOote eÌ„ vn viel pol â–ª et il signifie helpe succor ayde ou aduantage et est communement ioint oue vn auter parol qui sig nification il augment coÌ„e ceux Brigboote Burghboot fireboot hedgeboote ploweboote et diuers tiels seÌ„blables pur queux significations voies en lour proper titles Brodehalpeny BRode halpeny en ase's copies Bordehalpeny hoc est quietum esse de quadam consuetudine exacta pro tabulis leuatis Brugbote BRugbote et eÌ„ ascuÌ„s copies Bridgbote hoc est quietum esse de auxilio dando ad reficienduÌ„ pontes Burghbote Burghbote hoc eÌ„ qui etuÌ„ esse de auxilio daÌ„do ad facieÌ„d'burguÌ„ Castrum Ciuitatem vel muros prostrata Burghbrech BVrghbrech hoc est quietum esse de transgressionibus factis in ciuitate vel burgo contra pacem Burgh English BVrgh English ou Borow english est vn custome en vn auÌ„cient burgh que si vn home ad issue diuers fits et morust vncore le puisneâ— fits solement enheritera et auera touts les terres et tenements que fuerent al son pier de que il morust seysie deyns mesme le burghe per discent come heire a son pier per force de custome de mesme le burgh Burglarie BVrglarie est quant vn debruse et enter en le meason dun auter en le nuit oue felonyous intent de robber ou occider ou de faire auter felonie en queux cases nyent obstant il nemport riens vncor ' il est felony pur que il serra pendue Auterment est sil soit en le iour ou que il debruse le meason en le nuit et nentra pas en ceo a cest temps Mes si vn seruaÌ„t voile conspire oue auters de robber son master et a cel intent il ouert les doores et fenesters de son master en le nuit pur eux et ils vyent en le meason per cest voye cest burglarie en les estrauÌ„gers et le seruaÌ„t est vn laron mes nemy burglar ' Et c ' fuit loppinion de le right woorshipful Sir Roger Manwood chiualer plus digne seigniour chiefe Baron de le Eschequer a le quarter Session tenus en CauÌ„terbury en Ianuarie darrayne 1579. 21. Elizab. Caruage CAruage hoc est qui etuÌ„ esse si dnÌ„s rex talliauerit totaÌ„ terraÌ„ suam ê‘ carueas Nota qÌ„ vn carue d' terre est vn plovve land Cession CEssion est quaÌ„t vn Ecclesiastical persoÌ„ est cree en Euesque ou quant vn person dun ê‘sonage pÌ„st vn auter bnÌ„fic ' sans dispens ou auterment nient qualifie c. En aÌ„bideux cases lour primÌ„ bnÌ„fices sont deuenê° void et al ceux q' il ad que fuit cree Euesque le roigne pÌ„sentera pro illa vice quicunque soit patron de eux Et en lauter case le patron poet presenter Challenge CHallenge est lou iurours apperont pur trier vn issue doÌ„ques si ascun des ê‘ties supposont q' ils ne soÌ„t pas indifferent la ils poient eux challenge et refuse Il y ad diuÌ„s challeÌ„ges vn est challenge al array lauter a le polles Challenge al array est quant la panel est fauourablement fait par le vicoÌ„t ou aut ' officer Challenge par le polis souÌ„t ascuÌ„s principal et ascuÌ„ per cause come ils appel ceo Principal eÌ„ quaÌ„t vn des iurrours est le fits frere ou cosin al pleintife ou defendant ou tenaunt a luy ou qÌ„ il auoyt espouse la file le playntife et pur ceux causes il serra retrait Auxy in plee de mort de home et en chescun action reall et in actyons personel si se dette ou dammages amount a xl marke il est bon challenge que il ne puyt dispender xl s. per an de fraÌ„kt ' Challenge ê‘ cause est ou le party all' vn matter que nest principal challenge come que le fits duÌ„ desiurad espouse la fil' le pl ' donqÌ„s conclude pur ceo il est fauourable quel serra trye per auter del enqÌ„st si il soit fauourable ou indifferent et si ils diont qÌ„ il est fauourable et nemy indiffereÌ„t doÌ„ qÌ„s il serra treit aut'mÌ„t il serra iure Auxi vn felon qÌ„ est arraygne puit challenge xx iurrours pareÌ„ptory sauÌ„s ascun cause et ceo est in fauorem vitae et taunt que il voil ' oue cause mes donques il serra trye si pur tyel cause il soit indiffereÌ„t ou nemy Champertours CHampertours souÌ„t ceux que mooua pleas et suites ou cause deste moue per lour ou auters ê“curemÌ„t et sue a lour costages et charges demesne pur auer part del terre ou gaines en variance Charge CHarge est lou vn home graunta vn rent issant hors del soÌ„ terre et q'si le rent soit arere que lyst a luy ses heires et assignes a distrayne tanque le rent soit pay cest appell vn rent charge mes si vn graunt vn rent charge hors del terre vn auter puis purchase le terre le graunt est voide Charters de terres CHarters de terres sont escripts faits euideÌ„ces et instrumÌ„ts fait de vn hoÌ„e al aut ' sur asc ' estat ' coÌ„ueied ou passe perent ' eux d' terres ou tenÌ„ts mr'aÌ„s l' nosmÌ„ lieu et quaÌ„titie del terr' le estate teÌ„ps et maner del fesance de ceo les parties al le estat ' deliuÌ„ et prise les testemoignes present al ceo oue auters circumstaunces Chattels CHattels sont en ij sorts ceÌ„ adire Chattels Reales et Chattals ê‘sonals Chattels reals sount leases purans Gardes et a tener a volunt Chattels personals sont touts moueables bnÌ„s coÌ„e argent plate â–ª bnÌ„s del measoÌ„ chiuals vaches blees et tiels seÌ„blables Childewite CHildvvite hoc est quod capiatis gersummam de natiua vestra corrupta et preignata sine licentia vestra Chimin CHimen est le haut voy ou chesc'hoÌ„e passa q â— est appel via Regia et vncore le Roy nad auter chose la forsque le passage pur luy pur son people car le franktenement est en le seigniour del sole et touts les ê“fits cressaunt la come arbres auters choses Chose en action CHose en action est quant vn home ad cause ou poit port ' vn action pur ascuÌ„ duity due a luy coÌ„e vn acc
' d' det sur vn obligac ' annuitie rent couenaÌ„t garde biens trnÌ„s ou tiels semblables et pur ceo que ils sount choses de qÌ„ux vn hoÌ„e neÌ„ possesse mes pur re couery de eux eÌ„ mise a son acc ' ils sont appel choses en accion Et tiels choses en acc ' qui sount certeine le Roigne poit grauÌ„t et le grauntee poet vser vn action pur eux en son nosme demesne taÌ„tsolenÌ„â—t Mes vn coÌ„mon ê‘soÌ„ ne poet graÌ„ter soÌ„ chose en acc ' ne le Roygne mÌ„ ne poet grauÌ„t sa chose en acc ' le qÌ„l est vn cÌ„t ' coÌ„e trnÌ„s tiels semblables Circuit de action CIrcuit de action est quant vn actioÌ„ eÌ„ droituralment port pur vn duity mes vn cÌ„ circuÌ„ le bush coÌ„e seÌ„ble pur ceo que il puit cybien eeÌ„ autermÌ„t respondu et det'mine et le sute saue et pur ceo que mÌ„ le acc ' fuit pluis que besoigne il est appel circuite de action CoÌ„e si home grauÌ„t vn rent charge de x. li. hors de son manor de dale et puis le grauntee disseisist le graunt ' de mÌ„le maner de dale et il port vn assise et recouÌ„ le terre et xx li. dam ' le qÌ„l xx li. esteant pay le grauÌ„tee del rent sue son acc ' pur x. li. de soÌ„ reÌ„t due durant le teÌ„ps de le disseisin le qÌ„l si nul disseisin ad eeÌ„ il doit auÌ„ evve Cest appell circuit de action pur ceo que il puit auer este pluis briefement respondu car ou le grauÌ„t ' doit receiue xx li. dam ' et pay x. li. reÌ„t il puit auÌ„ resceiue fo rs que le x. li. tantsolement pur les dammÌ„ et le grauntee puit auer recoupe et tenus arrere le aut'x li. en ses mains per voy de detainÌ„ pur son rent et issint per ceo puitauer saue son action Claime CLaime est vn challenge ê‘ asc ' hoÌ„e del proê‘ty ou ownership dun chose que il nad en possession mes que est detaine de luy per tort Clergie CLergie est vn auÌ„cient libertie del esglise papisicke le quel ad auxy este confirme oue nous en dyuers parlyamentes Et est quant vn prester ou vn deins holye orders come ils appel ceo ou ascun auter quicunque en que est nul impediment ou impossibilitie destevn prester est arraine de felony ou tiels seÌ„blables deuaÌ„t vn teÌ„poral Iudge c. et le prisoner pria son clergie cest adire pur auer son liuer quel est a taunt sicome il vst pree deste dismisse del temporal Iudge et deste deliuer al ordinarye de purger luy mesme del mesme offeÌ„ce Cest priuilege al primÌ„ ne fuit cy genÌ„al en respect del parties que pendra benefite per ceo come il apres deuient Car al comencement esteant vn papish inuention les patrons deceo fuerent molt partiall et voylent que asc ' preÌ„droit commoditie per ceo mes lour papistical presters solemeÌ„t et tiels queux fuerent deins orders come est auaÌ„tdit et c ' comeÌ„ce ent ' eux pur part per lour graund superbitie disdeynance deÌ„e southe le obedience de lour natural Roies et temporall correctioÌ„ et pur part de policie pur hont ne le male maners de lour spiritualty doient vener al ouert vyewe et examynation del layitie coÌ„e ils distinguish eux et nul merueile car deins vn petit de les primÌ„ ans del raigne le roy H. le 2. le clergie del Realme ad coÌ„mit plus que vn cent seueral murders sur ces subiects coÌ„e le roy fuit certeinmÌ„t enfourme ouster moult robberies et aut's outrages pur remedy de qÌ„l order fuit ewe per le roy soÌ„ nobilitie et oue graÌ„d faire le clergie consent a ceo que si ascun clerke de ceo en aunt commit felony ou treason il do et primer este degrade et apres deliuer al lay power de receiuÌ„ la come a son offence appient c. al darr'en fauord ' vie vn chose deste extend endifferentment al chescun hoÌ„es et pur le amour de erudic ' il fuit graÌ„t al chesc ' home queux puissent lieser no obstaÌ„t ils ne fuereÌ„t presters ne deins orders Et puis en parliameÌ„t fait sur bon considerations il ad este restraigne et repeale en diuers cases come en vvilful murder burglary et tiels auters Clerke attaint Clerke conuict CLerkes souÌ„t en 2. sorts ceÌ„ adire clerks attaint et clerks conuict Clerk attaint est cestuy qÌ„ pria son clergie apres iudg sur luy done de le felony et ad son clergie allowe tiel clerk ne poet fair ' son purgation Clerke conuict est cestuy que prya son clergy deuaunt iudgment done sur luy de le felonye et ad le clergy a luy grauÌ„t tiel clerke poet faire soÌ„ purgation Colour COlour eÌ„ vn fayned matter le qÌ„l le def ou tenant vse en son barre quaÌ„t vn acc ' de trnÌ„s ou vn assise est port enuers luy en le quel il doÌ„e le demauÌ„dant ou pl ' vn shew prima facie que il ad bone cause de action ou en verity il neÌ„ iust cause mes tauntsolement vn colour ou visour dun cause Et il eÌ„ vse al entent que le determination del action do et este per les Iudges et nemy per vn ignorant iury de xij homes Et pur c ' vn colour do et este vn matter en ley ou difficult al lay gentes come pur example A. port vn assise de terre enuers B. B. dit que il mesme lessa mesme le terre al vn C. pur terme de vie et apres graunt le reuersion al A. le demaundant et puis C. le tenaunt pur terme de vie morust apres que decease A. le demaundaunt claymant le reuersion per force del graunt ou C. le tenaunt pur vie ne vnques atturne entra sur que B. entra enuÌ„s que A. pur mesme entre port cest assise c. cest vn bon colour pur ceo q' le ley gents pensant qÌ„ le terre voile passe per le grauÌ„t sans atturnemÌ„t ou en fait il ne voyle passe c. Auxi en vn actioÌ„ de trespas colour do et este done et de eux souÌ„t vn infinit nuÌ„ber vn pur example En vn action de trnÌ„s pur prisel de auers del pl ' le defendaunt dit que deuant le pl ' riens auoit en eux il mesme fuit possesse de eux come de ses proper biens et eux deliuer al A. B. pur eux re-bayler
ou port le chose de hors al enteÌ„t qÌ„ ieo ne prendra pur distresse sur le terre donqÌ„s ieo puisse bnÌ„ pursue et si ieo le prist mayntenaÌ„t en la haute ch min ou en auter soile la prisel est loial auxi bnÌ„ la coÌ„e sur la terr â–ª charge a qÌ„cunque la propertie des bnÌ„s soÌ„t Auxi pur finÌ„s et amerciamentes que sount assesse en vn lete vn puit toutes foits prendre les biens celuy qui est issint amercy in quecunque soile que ils soÌ„t deyns la lurysdictyon del Court vt dicitur Et quant vn ad prise vn distres il couieÌ„t a luy de amesnÌ„ a le comen pound ou auterment il puit garder in auter foile issint que il donÌ„ notice al partie que il si le distresse soyt vn viue beast puit donÌ„ a luy viand et donqÌ„s si le beast murrust pur defaut de viand ' celuy que fuit distrayne serra a le parde donques lauter puyt distrayne auterfoytes pur mesme le rent ou duitie Mes sil amesna la dystresse a vn forselet ou hors del county que la vicÌ„ ne puit bnÌ„ faire deliuÌ„aÌ„ce sur repleuin donques la partie sur le returne de viscount auera vn briefe d' Withernam direct al viscount que il preigne taunt de ses beastes ou taunt des bieÌ„s lauter en sa gard tanque il ad fayt deliuerance de la prymer distâ—esse Auxy â–ª sils sount in vn forselet ou chateaw le vicont puit prender â—ueâ—luy le power del county abater le chastell come appieâ—t per le statute westmonaster ' 1. C. 17. Ideo vide statutum Diuorce DIuorc ' issint appel d' diuortiuÌ„ venieÌ„s del verbe diuort ' que signifie purret ' arrer ' come quant vn home est dyuorce de son feme il luy retpurâ—e arrere alâ— sa pier ou auter amies ou alâ—ieu ou â–ª il luy ad et per tiel diuorce le maryage â–ª est defeate et destraye â–ª Donor et donee DOnor est celuy que doÌ„e terres ou tenements al â–ª auter en â—aile et celuy a qÌ„ il est doÌ„e â–ª est appel donee Double plea. DOuble plee est lou le defendant ou tenauÌ„t en ascun action plede vn plee in que ij matter 's sont coÌ„prehendus â–ª chescun per luy mÌ„ est vn sufficient barre ou respoÌ„s al actyon ou matter de barre donques tiel double plee ne serra admit pur plee si non que vn depende sur lauter et in tyel case sil ne puit auer ' l' darreine plee sans le primer plee doÌ„ques tyel double plee serr ' bien suffer Droit DRoyt eÌ„ lou vn ad chose qÌ„ fuit toll de auter per tort coÌ„e per disseisin ou eiectmeÌ„t ou tiels semblables et ceo challeÌ„ge ou claimÌ„ que il ad que auoyt le chose est termÌ„ droit Droit dentrie DRoyt dentrie est quant vn seisie de terre en fee eÌ„d ' c ' disseise Ore le disseisie ad droyt dentre en le terre et poet quaunt il voyle ou il poet auer briefe de droyt enuers le disseisour Dures DVres eÌ„ lou vn hoÌ„e est garde in pryson ou restreyne d' soÌ„ libertie coÌ„trary al order de ley et si tiel ê‘son issint esteant fayt in dures ascun especialtie ou obligation ê‘ reason de tiel emprisonment tyel fayt est voyde en le ley et in actyon port sur tyel especialtie il puit dire que il fuit fait per dures de son imprysonment mes si home soyt arrest sur ascun action al suite vn auter mesque le cause del action ne soit bon ne voier sil fait ascun obligatyon a vn estrauÌ„ge esteant in prison pur tiel arrest vncore il ne serra dit per dures mes sil fait obligation a luy a que suit il suit arrest deste discharge de tiel imprisonment donques il serra dit dures Eire Iustices EIre Iustices or Itinerant come nous appel eux fueroÌ„t Iustices que vse de equitare de lieu al lieu per tout le realmÌ„ pur administer iustice Embrasour ou embraceour EMbrasour ou Embraceour est celuy que quant vn matter est en tryal perenter partie et partie vyent al barre oue vn del partyes ayant receiue ascun revvard pur issint faire et parle en le case ou priuemÌ„t labour l' iury ou stat la pur surueier ou suruieu eux per ceÌ„ meanes de mitter eux en pauour et doubt del matter Mes hoÌ„es que sount erudite en le ley poient parle en le case pur lour fee mes ils ne poyent labour le Iurie et sils preigne mony a issint faire ils auxi sont embrasors Encrochment ENcrochment est dit qnÌ„t le snÌ„r ad happa seisin de plus rent ou seruices de son tenant que de droit est due ou do et este paye ou fayt a luy Come si le tenaunt tyent sa terre de son seigniour per fealtie et ij s. rent annuelment Et ore de tardife teÌ„ps le snÌ„r ad happa seisin d' iij. s. rent ou de homage ou escuage ou tielsseÌ„blables doÌ„que ceÌ„ appel vn Encrochment de cest rent ou seruice Enheritance ENheritaunce est tiel estat'en t'res ou tenÌ„ts ou auters choses que poient este enherite ê‘ le heire soit ceo de estate en fee simple ou taile per discent de ascÌ„ de ses auncesters ou per son purchase demesne Et enheritaunce est deuide en deux sorts ceÌ„ascauoir enheritaÌ„ce corporate et enheritance encorporate EnhertaÌ„ce corporate sont mesuages terres prees pastures rents et tiels seÌ„blables qÌ„ on t substance en eux mesmes et poient coÌ„tinuer tout teÌ„ps Et ceux sont appel choses corporal Enheritance incorporate sont aduowsons villes voies comons Courts piscaries qÌ„ sont ou poient â—eÌ„appeÌ„d ' ou appurtenantes a enheritance corporate Equitie EQuite est en deux manÌ„s diuÌ„s molt luÌ„ del aut ' et sont de coÌ„trary effectes car lun abridge diminish ou toll ' de l' lett ' del ley Le aut ' eÌ„large amplifie et ad a ceo Le primer est issit define Aequitas est correctio legis generatim latae qua parte dificit le quel correction del genÌ„al parols eÌ„ moult vse en nr'e ley sicome pur example qnÌ„t act de parliament est fair quecunque que fait tiel act serra felon et serr mise al mort vnc ' si home de non sanae memoriae ou enfaunt de tend ' age que nad discretion le fayt ils ne serront felons ne mise al mort Auxi si estatut