statute_n in_o france_n anno_fw-la 1560._o but_o we_o have_v no_o such_o statute_n and_o one_o colleague_n with_o we_o may_v be_v witness_n for_o another_o and_o why_o not_o then_o judge_n a_o three_o reason_n of_o advocation_n be_v that_o the_o judge_n be_v suspect_v as_o if_o he_o have_v give_v partial_a counsel_n or_o if_o he_o have_v repel_v a_o just_a defence_n or_o as_o be_v severe_a above_o what_o the_o law_n allow_v 4._o that_o he_o be_v incompetent_a the_o case_n pursue_v be_v only_o proper_a to_o be_v try_v by_o the_o justice_n as_o be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o pley_n of_o the_o crown_n viz._n treason_n murder_n fire-raising_a and_o ravish_v of_o woman_n but_o sometime_o though_o the_o first_o libel_n have_v infer_v treason_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o peddy_n january_n 1667._o yet_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi will_v restrict_n his_o action_n to_o damnage_v and_o interest_n but_o will_v desert_v the_o diet_n as_o to_o the_o criminal_a pursuit_n it_o may_v be_v sustain_v 5._o that_o the_o case_n be_v very_o intricat_a as_o in_o a_o pursuit_n of_o theft-boot_n which_o be_v advocate_n from_o the_o sheriff-deput_a of_o invernesse_n eo_fw-la ex_fw-la capite_fw-la member_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n also_o pretend_v that_o they_o can_v be_v pursue_v before_o any_o other_o court_n because_o this_o will_v draw_v they_o from_o attend_v the_o session_n but_o the_o act_n 39_o pa._n 6._o q._n m._n whereon_o this_o be_v found_v seem_v only_o to_o hold_v in_o remove_n so_o that_o no_o action_n concern_v remove_n shall_v be_v advocate_n but_o in_o these_o case_n viz._n deadly_a fead_z where_o the_o judge_n ordinary_a be_v party_n or_o the_o defender_n a_o member_n of_o the_o session_n and_o yet_o the_o praxi_fw-la that_o part_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v extend_v to_o all_o advocation_n but_o they_o can_v advocate_n from_o the_o justice_n court_n if_o the_o cause_n be_v advocate_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi of_o the_o first_o libel_n which_o be_v advocate_v must_v find_v caution_n de_fw-fr novo_fw-la to_o insist_v in_o the_o pursuit_n else_o the_o justice_n will_v desert_v the_o diet_n which_o caution_n be_v necessary_a because_o the_o judicature_n before_o which_o the_o caution_n be_v find_v be_v alter_v and_o neither_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi nor_o his_o cautioner_n be_v bind_v to_o insist_v before_o any_o other_o court_n the_o defender_n likewise_o of_o the_o first_o cause_n and_o who_o raise_v the_o advocation_n be_v obliedge_v to_o renew_v his_o caution_n that_o he_o will_v under_o the_o law_n else_o the_o justice_n will_v imprison_v he_o the_o taiser_n of_o the_o advocation_n mus_fw-la intimate_fw-la to_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi of_o the_o principal_a cause_n that_o he_o have_v raise_v a_o advocation_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o say_v pursuer_fw-mi may_v be_v ready_a to_o insist_v at_o the_o day_n to_o which_o the_o advocation_n be_v raise_v and_o when_o the_o procurator-fiskal_a be_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi before_o the_o court_n from_o which_o the_o cause_n be_v advocate_v the_o raiser_n of_o the_o advocation_n shall_v intimate_fw-la to_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v be_v ready_a to_o insist_v for_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n be_v in_o the_o justice-court_n what_o the_o procurator_n fiskal_n be_v in_o inferior_a court_n the_o office_n of_o both_o be_v to_o pursue_v vindictam_fw-la publicam_fw-la v._o the_o old_a custom_n be_v as_o some_o allege_v that_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n judge_v all_o the_o advocation_n which_o be_v raise_v in_o criminal_a cause_n from_o inferior_a judge_n even_o to_o the_o justice_n court_n and_o very_o judicious_a lawyer_n do_v yet_o hold_v that_o the_o justice_n can_v judge_v whether_o they_o be_v competent_a judge_n in_o cause_n advocate_v from_o inferior_a criminal_a court_n but_o that_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n shall_v cognosce_fw-la whether_o the_o cause_n shall_v be_v advocate_n and_o if_o they_o sustain_v the_o reason_n of_o advocation_n that_o they_o shall_v remit_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v try_v by_o the_o justice_n or_o remit_v the_o trial_n to_o the_o court_n from_o which_o it_o be_v advocate_v if_o the_o reason_n of_o advocation_n be_v not_o relevant_a for_o they_o think_v it_o unreasonable_a that_o the_o justice_n shall_v be_v judge_n of_o their_o own_o competency_n but_o since_o the_o justice_n be_v supreme_a and_o sovereign_a judge_n as_o well_o as_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n and_o since_o the_o justice_n be_v now_o many_o and_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o session_n also_o it_o seem_v reasonable_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v judge_n to_o their_o own_o competency_n especial_o since_o these_o reason_n of_o advocation_n do_v very_o frequent_o do_v upon_o subtlety_n of_o the_o criminal_a law_n and_o can_v be_v well_o judge_v but_o by_o such_o as_o understand_v that_o law_n exact_o as_o for_o instance_n i_o have_v see_v a_o advocation_n raise_v of_o a_o libel_n in_o the_o case_n of_o treason_n from_o before_o a_o lord_n of_o regalities_n court_n upon_o this_o reason_n viz._n that_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o accusation_n be_v for_o drown_v a_o coal-heugh_a which_o be_v treason_n in_o our_o law_n to_o the_o which_o crime_n of_o treason_n none_o but_o the_o justice_n be_v judge_n competent_a in_o which_o advocation_n these_o point_n be_v necessary_o debate_v 1._o whether_o lord_n of_o regality_n be_v judge_n to_o treason_n 2._o whether_o though_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o treason_n found_v upon_o the_o common_a law_n yet_o if_o they_o be_v judge_n to_o statutory_a treason_n 3._o whether_o though_o burn_v a_o coal-heugh_a be_v treason_n by_o statute_n yet_o if_o drown_v of_o it_o fall_v under_o that_o statute_n all_o which_o point_n be_v indagationis_fw-la criminalis_fw-la and_o these_o who_o can_v judge_v such_o point_n may_v judge_v any_o criminal_a case_n likeas_n both_o by_o the_o old_a and_o new_a stile_n of_o advocation_n raise_v either_o by_o the_o council_n or_o criminal_a court_n the_o letter_n bear_v that_o the_o reason_n be_v to_o be_v see_v and_o consider_v by_o the_o justice_n and_o immediate_o upon_o the_o advocation_n caution_n be_v find_v in_o the_o book_n of_o adjournal_n and_o to_o answer_v before_o the_o justice_n and_o the_o justice_n have_v be_v in_o constant_a possession_n of_o judge_v such_o reason_n and_o whereas_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o though_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n be_v not_o judge_n to_o crime_n yet_o the_o case_n of_o competency_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o jurisdiction_n be_v mere_o civil_a and_o so_o it_o will_v seem_v proper_a to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o lord_n especial_o since_o it_o be_v nor_o just_a that_o the_o justice_n shall_v be_v judge_n in_o their_o own_o cause_n to_o which_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o though_o this_o case_n be_v civil_a yet_o it_o have_v so_o necessary_a a_o contingency_n with_o what_o be_v criminal_a as_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v divide_v since_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o advocation_n wherein_o their_o own_o â—urisdiction_n be_v controvert_v why_o shall_v this_o be_v deny_v to_o the_o justice_n who_o be_v a_o part_n of_o themselves_o and_o such_o supreme_a judge_n be_v above_o suspicion_n especial_o since_o they_o can_v gain_v nothing_o by_o their_o jurisdiction_n title_n xviii_o of_o inquisition_n 1._o the_o nature_n of_o inquisition_n and_o when_o it_o be_v competent_a 2._o the_o king_n and_o party_n may_v pursue_v separat_o 3._o citation_n super_fw-la inquirendis_fw-la when_o competent_a i._o when_o a_o crime_n be_v commit_v the_o council_n or_o the_o justice_n do_v of_o old_a take_v a_o previous_a inquisition_n of_o it_o by_o examine_v witness_n and_o take_v such_o other_o information_n as_o they_o think_v fit_a and_o these_o deposition_n and_o examination_n be_v call_v informationes_fw-la by_o the_o doctor_n but_o though_o they_o may_v examine_v witness_n before_o the_o intent_v of_o a_o criminal_a pursuit_n yet_o after_o it_o be_v once_o intent_a the_o justice_n find_v the_o 8._o of_o january_n 1672._o that_o they_o can_v not_o examine_v witness_n for_o the_o inquisition_n end_v by_o the_o intent_a of_o the_o pursuit_n &_o ubi_fw-la incipit_fw-la accusatio_fw-la desinit_fw-la inquisitio_fw-la the_o doctor_n be_v very_o profuse_a on_o this_o subject_n but_o i_o shall_v only_o excerpt_v from_o they_o what_o be_v most_o suitable_a to_o our_o form_n and_o practice_n they_o define_v inquisition_n to_o be_v a_o information_n of_o the_o crime_n take_v by_o the_o judge_n own_o authority_n &_o ex_fw-la officio_fw-la and_o they_o divide_v it_o in_o a_o general_a inquisition_n which_o be_v take_v of_o the_o crime_n in_o general_n without_o take_v notice_n of_o any_o particular_a informer_n or_o defender_n and_o a_o special_a inquisition_n which_o be_v take_v against_o a_o particular_a person_n of_o who_o guilt_n they_o be_v inform_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n no_o judge_n can_v proceed_v against_o any_o private_a
therefore_o act_n 89._o par._n 6._o ja._n 1._o ratify_v act_n 28.3_o par._n k._n ja._n 4._o with_o this_o addition_n that_o if_o any_o heritable_a sheriff_n omit_v his_o duty_n in_o prosecute_n of_o this_o crime_n after_o this_o manner_n he_o shall_v lose_v his_o heritable_a office_n for_o three_o year_n but_o if_o he_o have_v only_o that_o office_n for_o the_o time_n he_o shall_v lose_v it_o during_o all_o that_o time_n from_o which_o act_n it_o may_v be_v conclude_v that_o the_o sheriff_n be_v not_o only_o judge_v competent_a to_o slaughter_n but_o to_o murder_v and_o both_o to_o the_o one_o and_o to_o the_o other_o at_o any_o time_n if_o he_o have_v either_o apprehend_v the_o person_n or_o have_v ex_fw-la in_o continenti_fw-la do_v diligence_n for_o apprehend_v he_o but_o the_o sheriff_n be_v not_o judge_n competent_a to_o murder_v though_o commit_v within_o his_o jurisdiction_n except_o in_o either_o of_o these_o case_n iv._o the_o way_n of_o procedure_v before_o the_o sheriff_n be_v by_o a_o assize_n and_o the_o procurator-fiskal_a be_v pursuer_fw-mi in_o place_n of_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n yet_o sometime_o the_o sheriff_n or_o baron_n may_v condemn_v upon_o the_o panel_n confession_n without_o a_o assize_n as_o dur._n observe_v penult_n january_n 1622._o but_o if_o the_o party_n be_v present_a the_o sheriff_n can_v condemn_v he_o as_o hold_v pro_fw-la confesso_fw-la though_o he_o refuse_v to_o depon_n but_o co_fw-la casu_fw-la he_o must_v put_v he_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o assize_n as_o be_v find_v 24._o july_n 1633._o dickson_n contra_fw-la halyday_n and_o albeit_o a_o blood_n prove_v by_o confession_n may_v be_v punish_v by_o a_o unlaw_n of_o fifty_o pound_n yet_o when_o blood_n be_v punish_v upon_o contumacious_a refusal_n to_o swear_v the_o unlaw_n can_v exceed_v ten_o pound_n 17._o february_n 1624._o v._o the_o sheriff_n may_v pursue_v when_o any_o person_n compear_v and_o insist_o with_o he_o in_o the_o pursuit_n but_o if_o the_o crime_n be_v pursue_v by_o way_n of_o indictment_n without_o the_o concurrence_n of_o any_o party_n the_o justice_n general_n be_v only_a judge_n competent_a thereto_o skeen_n verbo_fw-la sheriff_n but_o that_o rule_n be_v too_o general_a and_o may_v admit_v of_o this_o distinction_n viz._n that_o either_o the_o thief_n be_v take_v with_o fang_n and_o then_o the_o sheriff_n may_v proceed_v to_o judge_v he_o though_o no_o private_a pursuer_fw-mi insist_v against_o he_o nor_o need_v there_o three_o fang_n for_o justify_v that_o pursuit_n albeit_o sheriff_n now_o never_o proceed_v but_o where_o three_o fang_n be_v prove_v or_o else_o no_o fang_n be_v find_v &_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o sheriff_n can_v judge_v the_o thief_n except_o there_o be_v a_o pursuit_n intend_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o a_o private_a party_n vi_o the_o sheriff_n shall_v assist_v in_o all_o justice_n air_n hold_v by_o the_o justice_n general_n or_o the_o chamberlain_n and_o shall_v produce_v the_o verification_n of_o all_o the_o summons_n which_o be_v make_v to_o the_o justice_n air_n and_o shall_v make_v provision_n at_o the_o justice_n air_n and_o his_o clerk_n which_o shall_v be_v allow_v in_o the_o first_o end_n of_o his_o account_n to_o the_o exchequer_n and_o he_o shall_v arrest_v such_o person_n as_o the_o crowner_n can_v arrest_v and_o shall_v those_o a_o assize_n upon_o the_o last_o day_n of_o the_o justice_n air_n anent_o the_o execution_n of_o his_o office_n ja._n 3._o parl._n 14._o cap._n 102._o and_o if_o he_o be_v find_v culpable_a the_o justice_n general_n may_v remove_v he_o from_o his_o office_n till_o the_o next_o parliament_n and_o put_v another_o in_o his_o place_n to_o officiat_fw-la in_o the_o interim_n st._n rob._n bruce_n ex_fw-la lib._n sconen_n relate_v by_o skeen_n ibid._n but_o much_o of_o this_o be_v antiquate_v by_o custom_n for_o the_o thesaurer_n send_v along_o with_o the_o justice_n air_n a_o person_n special_o commissionated_a by_o they_o who_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o justice_n clerk_n vii_o if_o the_o sheriff_n fail_v in_o his_o duty_n he_o be_v punish_v of_o old_a by_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o office_n during_o his_o life_n and_o imprisonment_n during_o his_o majesty_n pleasure_n st._n david_n cap._n 13._o &_o 69._o but_o now_o for_o negligence_n in_o his_o office_n he_o tine_v the_o same_o for_o year_n and_o day_n and_o be_v punishable_a in_o his_o person_n and_o good_n at_o his_o majesty_n pleasure_n ja._n 2._o par._n 14._o cap._n 37._o and_o yet_o the_o lord_n yester_n have_v suffer_v two_o thief_n negligent_o to_o escape_v and_o his_o heritable_a office_n of_o sheriffship_n be_v upon_o that_o account_n take_v from_o he_o by_o king_n james_n the_o five_o that_o decreet_a be_v reduce_v for_o it_o be_v find_v too_o small_a to_o infer_v the_o loss_n of_o a_o heritable_a office_n stat._n sessionis_fw-la pag._n 34._o which_o be_v observe_v by_o hop_v likewise_o in_o his_o large_a practic_n if_o the_o sheriff_n absolute_o refuse_v to_o do_v justice_n he_o lose_v likewise_o his_o office_n and_o be_v punishable_a at_o his_o majesty_n pleasure_n but_o if_o he_o do_v injustice_n he_o lose_v his_o office_n if_o it_o be_v heritable_a for_o three_o year_n but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o heritable_a he_o lose_v it_o during_o the_o time_n he_o be_v to_o enjoy_v it_o former_o and_o in_o both_o case_n he_o be_v punishable_a arbitrary_a in_o his_o person_n and_o be_v obliedge_v to_o refound_v the_o damnage_n and_o interest_n sustain_v by_o the_o party_n laese_v k._n i._n 3._o p._n 5._o cap._n 26._o but_o if_o he_o bribe_v or_o give_v partial_a counsel_n he_o forefault_n his_o fame_n honour_n and_o dignity_n and_o be_v likewise_o punishable_a in_o his_o person_n and_o good_n k._n i._n 5._o par._n 7._o cap._n 104._o if_o the_o case_n be_v difficult_a the_o lord_n of_o session_n will_v sometimes_o advocate_n the_o cause_n from_o the_o sheriff_n to_o the_o justice_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o theft-boot_n pursue_v by_o connadge_n the_o sheriff_n deput_fw-la of_o invernesse_n against_o makintosh_n and_o sometime_o the_o council_n will_v discharge_v the_o sheriff_n to_o proceed_v without_o advocate_a the_o cause_n if_o they_o find_v either_o the_o case_n to_o be_v difficult_a or_o the_o sheriff_n and_o his_o depute_n to_o be_v suspect_v title_n xiii_o the_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n of_o baron_n 1._o in_o what_o case_n baron_n may_v judge_v 2._o the_o clerk_n of_o that_o court_n need_v not_o be_v a_o nottar_n 3._o whether_o he_o may_v punish_v theft_n or_o fire-raising_a i._o a_o baron_n in_o our_o law_n be_v general_o understand_v to_o be_v one_o who_o be_v infest_v in_o any_o land_n though_o not_o erect_v in_o a_o barony_n in_o which_o sense_n he_o have_v no_o jurisdiction_n but_o only_o that_o he_o can_v unlaw_n his_o own_o tennent_n for_o blood_n commit_v upon_o his_o own_o ground_n as_o be_v find_v the_o penult_n of_o january_n 1622._o johnstoun_n against_o the_o laird_n of_o west-nisbit_a but_o a_o baron_n proper_o be_v he_o who_o be_v infest_v with_o power_n of_o pit_n and_o gallow_n fossa_fw-la &_o furca_fw-la a_o barron_n judge_n crime_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o sheriff_n and_o may_v like_v he_o proceed_v in_o time_n of_o vacance_n to_o judge_v these_o crime_n to_o which_o he_o be_v otherwise_o competent_a but_o it_o have_v be_v controvert_v whether_o baron_n have_v be_v judge_n competent_a to_o process_n for_o penal_a statute_n since_o the_o penalty_n there_o be_v to_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o king_n fisk_n and_o so_o shall_v be_v judge_v in_o his_o own_o court_n but_o the_o lord_n find_v the_o 3._o of_o february_n 1674._o that_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o penal_a statute_n by_o the_o constant_a custom_n of_o this_o nation_n albeit_o in_o civil_a case_n baron_n may_v appoint_v baily_n yet_o balfour_n cap._n 63._o observe_n that_o in_o criminalibus_fw-la no_o person_n below_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o baron_n may_v sit_v upon_o blood_n nam_fw-la potestas_fw-la gladii_fw-la est_fw-la meri_fw-la imperii_fw-la quae_fw-la nullo_n modo_fw-la delegari_fw-la potest_fw-la except_o there_o be_v a_o express_a power_n give_v by_o the_o sovereign_n for_o that_o effect_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o justice_n and_o sheriff_n who_o have_v power_n to_o deput_n and_o that_o power_n of_o deputation_n be_v unnecessar_n if_o it_o be_v otherwise_o competent_a ii_o the_o clerk_n of_o all_o other_o court_n must_v be_v notar_n but_o the_o clerk_n of_o a_o baron_n court_n need_v not_o be_v a_o nottar_n and_o yet_o the_o decreet_a of_o a_o baron_n for_o a_o unlaw_n will_v be_v sustain_v found_v upon_o a_o confession_n though_o the_o confession_n be_v not_o subscribe_v as_o be_v observe_v by_o durie_n the_o penult_n of_o january_n 1622._o but_o by_o a_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la it_o be_v ordain_v that_o no_o sentence_n of_o any_o inferior_a court_n
be_v most_o reasonable_a for_o this_o be_v in_o effect_n great_a than_o ordinary_a theft_n because_o these_o thing_n have_v none_o to_o guard_v they_o and_o in_o our_o law_n likewise_o he_o who_o find_v a_o waise_v beast_n which_o have_v stray_v from_o the_o owner_n shall_v cause_n cry_v it_o either_o in_o the_o court_n of_o his_o over-lord_n or_o in_o the_o church_n or_o else_o he_o may_v be_v pursue_v for_o theft_n and_o theft_n be_v likewise_o punishable_a albeit_o the_o person_n be_v not_o know_v from_o who_o the_o thing_n be_v steal_v alex._n concilio_n 23._o and_o yet_o furtum_fw-la non_fw-la fit_a nisi_fw-la sit_fw-la cui_fw-la fiat_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d l._n 43._o §_o 5._o basil_n h._n t._n v._o theft_n be_v divide_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o manifestum_fw-la &_o non_fw-la manifestum_fw-la manifest_a theft_n be_v when_o the_o thief_n himself_o be_v deprehend_v in_o the_o very_a act_n or_o if_o he_o be_v see_v with_o it_o before_o he_o do_v arrive_v at_o the_o place_n to_o which_o he_o do_v destinat_fw-la to_o carry_v it_o theft_n not_o manifest_a be_v when_o either_o the_o thief_n be_v not_o take_v or_o see_v with_o it_o and_o this_o distinction_n have_v in_o my_o opinion_n give_v occasion_n to_o the_o difference_n in_o our_o law_n betwixt_o in-fang-thief_n and_o out-fang-thief_n which_o concern_v only_o the_o jurisdiction_n where_o the_o thief_n be_v punish_v but_o not_o the_o punishment_n itself_o as_o shall_v be_v say_v hereafter_o but_o there_o be_v several_a other_o vestige_v of_o it_o in_o our_o law_n as_o cap._n 21._o l._n 4._o reg._n maj._n it_o be_v say_v that_o he_o who_o be_v take_v with_o nothing_o in_o his_o hand_n may_v purge_v himself_o by_o 27_o man_n and_o three_o thanes_z and_o a_o burgess_n be_v accuse_v of_o manifest_a theft_n may_v purge_v himself_o by_o the_o oath_n of_o twelve_o the_o meaning_n whereof_o be_v that_o he_o shall_v give_v his_o own_o oath_n he_o be_v innocent_a and_o shall_v get_v so_o many_o man_n to_o swear_v that_o they_o believe_v his_o innocence_n and_o this_o manifest_a theft_n be_v call_v theft_n with_o red_a hand_n stat._n orcar_n by_o a_o metaphor_n borrow_v from_o murder_n but_o with_o we_o theft_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o common_a theft_n which_o be_v theft_n so_o proper_o call_v or_o stouth-rife_a which_o be_v violent_a theft_n and_o be_v a_o complex_fw-la of_o theft_n and_o robbery_n and_o receipt_n of_o theft_n which_o distinction_n be_v hint_v at_o in_o all_o our_o law_n but_o most_o special_o 50._o act._n p._n 11._o ja._n 6._o vi_o as_o to_o the_o punishment_n of_o theft_n it_o be_v much_o controvert_v among_o lawyer_n if_o the_o lawgiver_n can_v just_o punish_v theft_n with_o death_n and_o though_o i_o will_v not_o dispute_v the_o power_n of_o prince_n and_o state_n yet_o i_o incline_v to_o think_v that_o for_o simple_a theft_n a_o thief_n shall_v not_o die_v for_o fâ—rst_v we_o find_v by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n to_o which_o as_o the_o scripture_n say_v nothing_o shall_v be_v add_v or_o pair_v theft_n be_v not_o punishable_a by_o death_n nor_o can_v this_o law_n be_v call_v only_o a_o judicial_a law_n fit_v for_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o the_o jew_n for_o that_o it_o be_v a_o moral_a law_n according_a to_o its_o statutory_a part_n forbid_v theft_n appear_v from_o its_o be_v insert_v among_o the_o command_n and_o why_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v so_o as_o to_o its_o sanction_n and_o punishment_n like_o murder_n incest_n and_o these_o other_o crime_n i_o can_v see_v a_o reason_n 2._o we_o see_v that_o some_o theft_n be_v capital_o punish_v as_o be_v the_o steal_a thing_n sacred_a josh._n 7._o and_o theft_n commit_v in_o the_o night_n exod._n 22_o 2._o and_o stealer_n of_o man_n deut._n 21.7_o by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o god_n almighty_n intend_v not_o that_o single_a theft_n shall_v be_v punish_v by_o death_n 3._o there_o be_v no_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o life_n of_o a_o man_n and_o any_o money_n for_o all_o that_o a_o man_n have_v will_v he_o give_v for_o his_o life_n 4._o the_o life_n of_o the_o malefactor_n be_v ordinary_o take_v where_o the_o crime_n can_v be_v repair_v as_o in_o murder_n incest_n etc._n etc._n but_o in_o theft_n it_o may_v and_o the_o party_n wrong_v will_v in_o all_o probability_n be_v far_o easy_a secure_v this_o way_n see_v many_o will_n rather_o want_v their_o good_n nor_o have_v a_o man_n life_n take_v many_o thief_n will_v restore_v if_o they_o think_v restoration_n may_v be_v make_v with_o safety_n of_o their_o life_n and_o the_o law_n will_v easy_o sustain_v the_o pusuer_n probation_n if_o the_o event_n be_v only_o to_o reach_v good_n and_o not_o life_n 5._o it_o seem_v absurd_a that_o single_a adultery_n which_o be_v the_o worst_a of_o theft_n see_v the_o husband_n thereby_o be_v rob_v of_o his_o estate_n quiet_a good_a name_n and_o succession_n shall_v not_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n and_o yet_o theft_n shall_v be_v make_v capital_a and_o that_o theft_n and_o murder_n which_o be_v not_o equal_a crime_n shall_v have_v equal_a punishment_n and_o albeit_o it_o be_v object_v that_o laban_n gen._n 24.9_o do_v vow_n that_o these_o who_o have_v steal_v his_o good_n shall_v be_v punish_v by_o death_n yet_o the_o reason_n in_o that_o case_n will_v appear_v to_o be_v because_o that_o the_o theft_n there_o mention_v be_v sacrilege_n and_o whereas_o david_n oath_n to_o nathan_n be_v that_o he_o who_o have_v steal_v his_o neighbour_n lamb_n shall_v die_v be_v object_v it_o be_v answer_v either_o that_o be_v speak_v in_o passion_n which_o the_o text_n bear_v or_o otherways_o that_o be_v suggest_v by_o a_o special_a providence_n to_o david_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v be_v his_o own_o accuser_n nor_o do_v i_o deny_v but_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o communion_n of_o good_n among_o the_o jew_n more_o than_o in_o other_o nation_n as_o appear_v by_o their_o jublee_n by_o their_o not_o take_v pledge_n nor_o anual_a rent_n so_o that_o there_o be_v less_o reason_n to_o make_v theft_n capital_a among_o they_o then_o among_o we_o and_o that_o according_a as_o crime_n grow_v more_o frequent_a the_o punishment_n may_v be_v augment_v but_o i_o deny_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v soaugment_v that_o suitable_a proportion_n shall_v not_o be_v keep_v and_o it_o be_v know_v from_o experience_n that_o many_o man_n fear_v hang_v less_o than_o be_v constant_o keep_v in_o correction-house_n or_o in_o the_o place_n where_o they_o may_v be_v keep_v work_v as_o they_o do_v in_o holland_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n vii_o to_o descend_v then_o to_o our_o law_n the_o custom_n be_v that_o the_o justice_n do_v sometime_o hang_v even_o for_o very_o small_a fault_n as_o thomas_n neilson_n for_o steal_v a_o horse_n 10_o december_n 1661._o watson_n hang_v for_o steal_v 40._o sheep_n though_o there_o be_v no_o probation_n against_o he_o but_o his_o own_o confession_n and_o though_o he_o have_v restore_v â—he_n thing_n steal_v sometime_o by_o banishment_n as_o richard_n lauder_n 6._o febr._n 1639._o and_o alexander_n cumming_n and_o john_n tailor_n 25._o febr._n 1639._o sometime_o they_o be_v drown_v as_o griselda_n mathow_n for_o steal_v a_o coffer_n with_o writ_n 23._o june_n 1599_o sometime_o scourge_v as_o james_n wilson_n 7._o feb._n 1608._o sometime_o they_o be_v hang_v in_o chain_n if_o they_o be_v notorious_a thief_n as_o patrick_n roy_fw-fr macgrigor_n may._n 1668._o etc._n etc._n it_o be_v think_v that_o de_fw-fr jure_fw-la there_o be_v no_o law_n in_o scotland_n for_o hang_v a_o man_n for_o theft_n which_o be_v a_o great_a mistake_n for_o leg._n burgorum_n cap._n 121._o it_o be_v say_v if_o a_o thief_n be_v take_v with_o bread_n worth_a a_o farthing_n and_o from_o one_o farthing_n to_o four_o he_o shall_v be_v scourge_v for_o four_o farthing_n he_o shall_v be_v put_v in_o the_o jogg_n and_o banish_v from_o four_o to_o eight_o he_o shall_v loose_v a_o ear_n and_o if_o that_o same_o thief_n be_v thereafter_o taâ—â—â—_n with_o eight_o penny_n he_o shall_v be_v hang_v but_o if_o any_o thief_n shall_v be_v take_v with_o 32._o penny_n and_o a_o farthing_n he_o may_v be_v hang_v 2._o by_o the_o 7._o act_n stat_fw-la da._n 2.13_o ch_n and_o cap._n 13._o l._n 4._o reg._n maj._n one_o defame_v for_o theft_n who_o can_v find_v caution_n shall_v be_v hang_v &_o cap._n 16._o it_o be_v say_v that_o no_o man_n can_v be_v hang_v for_o less_o than_o two_o sheep_n and_o by_o the_o law_n likeways_o of_o birthinseck_n a_o thief_n shall_v not_o die_v for_o as_o much_o meat_n as_o he_o can_v carry_v upon_o his_o back_n and_o cap._n 18._o a_o thief_n be_v hang_v and_o fall_v from_o the_o gallow_n be_v no_o more_o to_o be_v punish_v all_o which_o imply_v clear_o that_o theft_n be_v of_o
cause_n in_o the_o first_o instance_n and_o of_o old_a if_o a_o person_n accuse_v for_o treason_n do_v absent_v himself_o the_o criminal_a court_n not_o no_o other_o inferior_a court_n can_v proceed_v to_o take_v trial_n by_o probation_n against_o he_o and_o so_o all_o they_o can_v do_v be_v only_o to_o denounce_v he_o fugitive_n for_o his_o absence_n upon_o which_o denounciation_n his_o escheat_n do_v only_o fall_v but_o he_o can_v not_o be_v forefeit_v and_o therefore_o since_o it_o be_v unjust_a that_o he_o shall_v by_o his_o own_o absence_n procure_v to_o himself_o a_o impunity_n and_o exemption_n from_o forfeiture_n the_o parliament_n do_v by_o their_o supreme_a power_n cite_v the_o person_n guilty_a to_o appear_v before_o they_o and_o do_v lead_v probation_n in_o absence_n against_o he_o and_o forfeit_v he_o in_o absence_n though_o guilty_a but_o it_o be_v find_v inconvenient_a that_o parliament_n behoove_v either_o to_o be_v call_v or_o such_o delinquent_n pass_v unpunished_a therefore_o by_o the_o 11._o act_n 2._o parl._n ch._n 1._o it_o be_v statute_v that_o the_o justice_n may_v proceed_v to_o try_v crime_n by_o probation_n even_o when_o the_o person_n cite_v be_v absent_a in_o case_n of_o treasonable_a rise_n in_o arm_n and_o open_a and_o manifest_a rebellion_n against_o his_o majesty_n or_o his_o successor_n and_o their_o authority_n so_o that_o the_o parliament_n be_v yet_o only_a judge_n to_o the_o trial_n of_o all_o crime_n by_o probation_n against_o absent_v except_o only_a perduellion_n oâ—_n open_a and_o manifest_a treason_n and_o albeit_o it_o may_v seem_v strange_a that_o the_o justice_n shall_v have_v be_v allow_v to_o lead_v probation_n against_o absent_v in_o this_o which_o be_v the_o great_a of_o crime_n and_o not_o in_o crime_n of_o lesser_a importance_n yet_o this_o proceed_v from_o the_o just_a detestation_n which_o the_o parliament_n have_v of_o this_o crime_n and_o that_o the_o punishment_n thereof_o may_v not_o be_v delay_v where_o the_o delay_n may_v prove_v so_o dangerous_a ii_o if_o the_o parliament_n forfeit_v any_o person_n after_o cognition_n of_o the_o cause_n their_o sentence_n can_v be_v quarrel_v by_o any_o inferior_a judge_n act_n 39_o parl._n 11._o k._n i._n 6._o and_o though_o it_o be_v add_v to_o that_o act_n that_o no_o forfeiture_n lawful_o and_o orderly_o lead_v in_o parliament_n shall_v be_v quarrel_v by_o any_o inferior_a judicatory_a for_o these_o word_n lawful_o and_o orderly_o lead_v seem_v unnecessary_a since_o after_o cognition_n of_o the_o cause_n by_o the_o parliament_n no_o inferior_a judicatory_a can_v quarrel_v a_o decreet_a of_o parliament_n even_o though_o it_o be_v pretend_v that_o the_o say_v decreet_a be_v not_o lawful_a and_o orderly_a yet_o if_o a_o person_n be_v only_o denounce_v fugitive_n by_o the_o parliament_n the_o lord_n of_o the_o session_n may_v suspend_v in_o that_o case_n if_o the_o process_n be_v not_o orderly_o lead_v but_o whether_o they_o can_v reduce_v even_o in_o that_o case_n est_fw-la altioris_fw-la indaginis_fw-la and_o some_o think_v that_o though_o it_o be_v very_o inconvenient_a that_o such_o a_o decreet_a shall_v receive_v present_a execution_n where_o possible_o the_o party_n be_v not_o lawful_o cite_v yet_o that_o such_o respect_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o parliament_n as_o that_o the_o illegality_n of_o that_o procedure_n before_o they_o though_o not_o object_v before_o sentence_n shall_v remain_v undecided_a till_o the_o next_o session_n of_o parliament_n iii_o if_o the_o parliament_n shall_v remit_v any_o such_o process_n for_o crime_n to_o any_o of_o their_o own_o number_n to_o be_v decide_v final_o before_o they_o it_o have_v be_v doubt_v whether_o their_o decision_n can_v be_v reduce_v by_o the_o session_n and_o this_o act_n of_o parliament_n reach_v only_o to_o decision_n in_o parliament_n but_o yet_o since_o decreet_n pronounce_v by_o commissioner_n of_o parliament_n be_v repute_v with_o we_o decreet_n of_o parliament_n and_o since_o decreet_v pronounce_v by_o commissioner_n for_o valuation_n of_o teind_n be_v not_o reduceable_a because_o these_o decreet_n be_v repute_v decreet_n of_o parliament_n as_o be_v pronounce_v by_o such_o commissioner_n of_o parliament_n it_o seem_v that_o decreet_v pronounce_v by_o such_o commissioner_n in_o crime_n after_o probation_n can_v not_o be_v quarrel_v and_o reduce_v by_o the_o session_n or_o other_o inferior_a judicatories_n title_n iu._n the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o high-constable_n in_o crminals_n 1._o the_o original_a of_o the_o word_n constable_n and_o his_o power_n 2._o the_o office_n of_o petty_a constable_n 3._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o those_o who_o be_v constable_n of_o his_o majesty_n castle_n i._o some_o describe_v the_o word_n constable_n from_o the_o word_n coning_n which_o signify_v a_o king_n and_o staple_n which_o signify_v a_o stay_n or_o hold_v in_o the_o saxon_a language_n because_o constabulary_n be_v only_o erect_v in_o those_o place_n where_o the_o king_n keep_v house_n and_o thus_o the_o constable_n be_v judge_v of_o old_a to_o all_o crime_n commit_v within_o twelve_o league_n of_o the_o king_n house_n and_o habitation_n l._n malcol_n c._n 6._o though_o skeen_n there_o observe_v that_o the_o best_a manuscript_n bear_v only_o two_o league_n or_o four_o scot_n miles_n our_o craig_n and_o other_o author_n derive_v the_o word_n constable_n from_o the_o comes_fw-la stabuli_fw-la under_o the_o roman_a empire_n nam_fw-la constabularius_fw-la say_v he_o nihil_fw-la aliud_fw-la est_fw-la nisi_fw-la praefectus_fw-la aequitum_fw-la since_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n robert_n the_o bruce_n this_o office_n of_o high-constable_n stand_v heretable_o in_o the_o noble_a family_n of_o errol_n and_o their_o be_v some_o debate_n concern_v his_o jurisdiction_n francis_n earl_n of_o errol_n obtain_v commission_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n date_v the_o 23._o of_o jun_n 1630._o seal_v penult_n march_v 1631._o to_o the_o person_n therein_o specify_v or_o any_o nine_o of_o they_o impower_v they_o to_o search_v the_o act_n of_o parliament_n consuetude_n monument_n and_o register_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o all_o evident_n that_o the_o earl_n of_o errol_n or_o the_o lord_n hay_o his_o son_n shall_v produce_v concern_v their_o honour_n hostilogy_n privilege_n and_o immmunity_n belong_v or_o which_o have_v belong_v to_o the_o office_n of_o constabulary_a from_o the_o first_o institution_n thereof_o this_o commission_n i_o have_v see_v with_o the_o report_n thereof_o date_v the_o 27_o of_o july_n 1631._o bearing_n the_o commissioner_n to_o have_v meet_v with_o the_o earl_n of_o errol_n and_o his_o say_a son_n and_o to_o have_v consider_v their_o instruction_n warrant_n and_o custom_n of_o other_o country_n anent_o the_o constable_n privilege_n and_o in_o the_o three_o article_n of_o the_o report_n which_o relate_v to_o the_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n only_o here_o treat_v of_o they_o set_v down_o these_o word_n the_o constable_n be_v supreme_a in_o all_o matter_n of_o riot_n disorder_n blood_n and_o slaughter_v commit_v within_o four_o mile_n of_o the_o king_n person_n or_o of_o the_o parliament_n or_o council_n represent_v the_o royal_a authority_n in_o his_o absence_n and_o that_o alse_a well_o within_o the_o court_n as_o outwith_o the_o same_o and_o the_o trial_n and_o punishment_n of_o such_o crime_n and_o offence_n be_v proper_a and_o due_a to_o the_o constable_n and_o his_o depute_n and_o the_o provost_n and_o baily_n of_o that_o centre_n or_o burgh_n and_o all_o other_o judge_n within_o the_o bound_n where_o the_o say_v fact_n be_v commit_v be_v obliedge_v to_o ride_v concur_v fortify_v and_o assist_v the_o constable_n and_o his_o depute_n in_o take_v the_o say_n malefactor_n and_o to_o make_v their_o tolbooth_n patent_n for_o receive_v they_o therein_o as_o be_v clear_o evident_a by_o production_n of_o warrant_n grant_v by_o his_o majesty_n predecessor_n to_o that_o effect_n and_o which_o likewise_o appear_v by_o the_o exhibition_n of_o certain_a bond_n make_v by_o the_o town_n of_o edinburgh_n to_o the_o constable_n for_o the_o time_n concern_v that_o purpose_n the_o king_n have_v see_v this_o report_n do_v approve_v it_o in_o a_o letter_n direct_v to_o his_o secret_a council_n of_o this_o kingdom_n from_o the_o court_n at_o theobal_n the_o 11._o of_o may_v 1633._o registrat_n in_o the_o book_n of_o secret_a council_n the_o 15._o day_n of_o that_o month_n and_o in_o the_o commission_n report_n and_o letter_n foresay_a the_o constable_n be_v design_v high-constable_n and_o his_o office_n the_o high-office_n of_o constabulary_a the_o constable_n be_v still_o in_o use_n since_o that_o time_n to_o judge_v riot_n within_o the_o bound_n foresaid_n and_o to_o interrupt_v the_o town_n of_o edinburgh_n when_o he_o know_v of_o their_o meddle_v provide_v the_o riot_n be_v commit_v in_o time_n of_o parliament_n and_o i_o be_v tell_v that_o in_o time_n of_o parliament_n hold_v at_o edinburgh_n anno_fw-la 1640._o and_o 1641._o the_o earl_n of_o errol_n be_v find_v
commissioner_n of_o the_o thesaury_n do_v in_o june_n 1669._o ordain_v two_o skipper_n in_o bruntistand_n to_o be_v scourge_v at_o that_o mercat_n cross_n because_o when_o a_o customer_n come_v to_o enter_v a_o boat_n wherein_o unfree_a good_n be_v be_v allege_v to_o be_v they_o do_v put_v off_o the_o boat_n from_o the_o rock_n where_o it_o lay_v whereby_o the_o customer_n fall_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o have_v almost_o drown_v title_n viii_o of_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n in_o crimnial_n 1._o the_o lord_n of_o session_n use_v to_o pass_v bill_n for_o criminal_a letter_n 2._o they_o advocate_n cause_n belong_v to_o the_o justice_n court_n 3._o they_o be_v judge_n in_o crimine_fw-la falsi_fw-la 4._o they_o have_v make_v statute_n for_o regulate_v the_o justice_n court_n 5._o whether_o they_o can_v review_v the_o sentence_n of_o the_o justice_n court_n 6._o they_o suspend_v the_o sentence_n of_o the_o justice_n court_n 7._o they_o be_v judge_n to_o such_o as_o kill_v or_o wound_v one_o another_o during_o the_o dependence_n of_o a_o process_n before_o the_o session_n 8._o they_o grant_v warrant_n to_o advocat_n to_o compear_v for_o such_o as_o be_v pursue_v for_o treason_n i._o the_o lord_n of_o session_n have_v regular_o no_o jurisdiction_n in_o criminal_o and_o yet_o they_o pass_v the_o bill_n whereupon_o all_o criminal_a summons_n be_v raise_v for_o all_o summons_n in_o criminal_o must_v have_v a_o bill_n which_o must_v pass_v under_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n and_o for_o which_o he_o get_v ten_o mark_n and_o his_o servant_n one_o thereafter_o it_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o ordinar_n upon_o the_o bill_n and_o be_v subscribe_v by_o he_o as_o a_o common_a bill_n the_o reason_n why_o their_o bill_n be_v pass_v by_o the_o lord_n seem_v to_o be_v because_o the_o justice-deputs_a be_v not_o ordinar_n residenter_n in_o town_n their_o salary_n not_o be_v sufficient_a for_o defray_v that_o charge_n or_o else_o because_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o bâ—lls_n be_v a_o member_n and_o servant_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n yet_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o grievance_n give_v in_o by_o the_o justice_n to_o the_o parliament_n anno_fw-la 1662._o and_o it_o be_v very_o unreasonable_a that_o those_o who_o employment_n it_o be_v to_o understand_v criminal_a case_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o pass_n of_o these_o bill_n and_o many_o of_o the_o lord_n refuse_v to_o pass_v these_o bill_n whereby_o the_o liedge_n be_v prejudge_v and_o it_o be_v most_o unreasonable_a that_o the_o justice_n shall_v not_o know_v what_o they_o be_v to_o judge_v especial_o this_o warrant_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o process_n and_o so_o fall_v natural_o under_o the_o cognition_n of_o these_o who_o be_v judge_n to_o it_o and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o if_o any_o of_o the_o justice_n will_v pass_v their_o own_o bill_n it_o will_v sustain_v but_o now_o the_o justice_n use_v ordinary_o to_o pass_v their_o own_o bill_n because_o the_o justice_n be_v now_o of_o the_o session_n but_o still_o other_o lord_n who_o be_v not_o justice_n may_v pass_v such_o bill_n but_o albeit_o these_o lores_n can_v judge_v crime_n yet_o they_o may_v and_o do_v punish_v injury_n commit_v against_o any_o of_o their_o own_o member_n by_o fine_v or_o confine_v ii_o they_o likewise_o advocate_n cause_n from_o the_o inferior_a court_n to_o the_o justice_n thus_o in_o anno_fw-la 1664._o mackintosh_n be_v pursue_v before_o the_o sheriff_n of_o inverness_n for_o theft-boot_n they_o advocate_v the_o cause_n to_o the_o justice_n albeit_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v judge_n to_o the_o cognition_n to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o consequence_n be_v ill_o infert_v for_o the_o council_n do_v advocate_n and_o can_v not_o cognosce_fw-la and_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n do_v advocate_n breius_fw-la for_o serve_v air_n and_o yet_o they_o be_v not_o judge_n themselves_o for_o both_o in_o this_o and_o that_o case_n a_o inquest_n be_v necessary_a iii_o they_o be_v likewise_o judge_n in_o crimine_fw-la falsi_fw-la and_o their_o sentence_n be_v a_o sufficient_a warrant_n to_o the_o assize_n to_o condemn_v without_o repeat_v the_o probation_n and_o when_o the_o inquest_n refuse_v to_o condemn_v upon_o that_o warrant_n they_o be_v of_o new_a enclose_v as_o be_v do_v in_o binny_v case_n and_o will_v be_v liable_a to_o a_o assize_n of_o error_n if_o they_o assioilzie_a and_o their_o decreet_a bear_v the_o lord_n remit_v he_o to_o the_o justice_n to_o be_v punish_v tanquam_fw-la falsarius_fw-la and_o to_o under_o the_o law_n criminal_o and_o ordain_v that_o ordinance_n to_o be_v insert_v in_o their_o book_n of_o sederunt_fw-la and_o that_o order_n be_v in_o the_o justice_n court_n call_v a_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la the_o 2._o of_o july_n 1662._o albeit_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 11._o require_v that_o all_o probation_n in_o criminal_o shall_v be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assize_n yet_o the_o answer_n be_v that_o the_o lord_n decreet_a be_v only_a probation_n here_o and_o that_o be_v read_v in_o face_n of_o the_o assize_n the_o lord_n likewise_o determine_v the_o punishment_n in_o falsehood_n and_o remit_v in_o their_o decreet_a the_o party_n to_o the_o justice_n to_o be_v only_o banish_v or_o scourge_v or_o have_v his_o tongue_n bore_v according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o guilt_n and_o i_o have_v see_v a_o gentleman_n who_o i_o will_v not_o name_n in_o anno_fw-la 1664._o only_a imprison_v by_o the_o lord_n for_o forge_v of_o a_o false_a bond_n of_o suspension_n because_o he_o be_v ingenuous_a and_o in_o necessity_n and_o albeit_o this_o may_v seem_v irregular_a yet_o see_v the_o lord_n be_v only_o privy_a to_o the_o deposition_n it_o be_v necessary_a they_o shall_v have_v this_o allowance_n i_o find_v it_o one_o of_o the_o rule_v set_v down_o by_o the_o doctor_n that_o ubi_fw-la cunque_fw-la iudex_fw-la principaliter_fw-la cognoscendo_fw-la reperit_fw-la incidenter_fw-la crimen_fw-la esse_fw-la comissum_fw-la potest_fw-la de_fw-la crimine_fw-la illo_fw-la cognoscere_fw-la c._n si_fw-la adversus_fw-la libre_fw-la l._n pen._n and_o the_o example_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v instance_a in_o charta_fw-la falsa_fw-la l._n pen._n c._n de_fw-fr probat_fw-la and_o upon_o improve_n a_o instrument_n or_o write_v they_o have_v ordain_v omnes_fw-la testes_fw-la instrumentarios_fw-la &_o falsi_fw-la fabricatores_fw-la to_o be_v fall_v sariâ—s_n and_o remit_v they_o to_o the_o justice_n the_o 16._o of_o february_n 1660._o fern_n inn_n and_o tarbat_n hang_v but_o i_o remember_v not_o that_o they_o have_v in_o any_o other_o case_n cognosce_v upon_o crime_n incidenter_n albeit_o the_o foresay_a rule_n will_v give_v they_o a_o incident_a jurisdiction_n in_o all_o case_n iv._o i_o find_v that_o the_o lord_n have_v make_v statute_n to_o regulat_fw-la the_o justice_n court_n for_o upon_o the_o 1._o of_o june_n 1593._o they_o declare_v that_o all_o land_a man_n shall_v be_v esteem_v pares_fw-la curiae_fw-la and_o may_v sit_v upon_o nobleman_n assize_n be_v pursue_v tanquaritemerè_fw-la jurantes_fw-la sup_n assisa_fw-la and_o the_o council_n use_v to_o consult_v they_o in_o intricat_a case_n which_o be_v refer_v to_o they_o by_o the_o justice_n and_o thus_o in_o anno_fw-la 1667._o they_o be_v consult_v whether_o the_o west_n country_n rebel_n may_v be_v forefault_v in_o their_o absence_n v._o but_o whether_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o reduce_v or_o review_v what_o be_v do_v by_o the_o justice_n or_o in_o the_o justice_n court_n in_o any_o case_n be_v not_o yet_o decide_v but_o i_o have_v see_v a_o reduction_n of_o a_o verdict_n of_o a_o inquest_n pronounce_v against_o mr._n william_n somervel_v whereby_o he_o be_v find_v guilty_a of_o usury_n the_o reason_n of_o reduction_n be_v that_o the_o inquest_n have_v err_v in_o calculo_fw-la and_o it_o be_v contend_v that_o the_o lord_n be_v competent_a judge_n to_o review_v error_n in_o calculo_fw-la for_o that_o be_v in_o effect_n but_o a_o civil_a medium_fw-la and_o where_o no_o criminal_a conclusion_n be_v crave_v nor_o can_v follow_v they_o be_v judge_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o reduction_n of_o retour_n where_o the_o verdict_n may_v be_v reduce_v as_o past_a upon_o ignorance_n it_o be_v also_o urge_v that_o see_v the_o lord_n make_v statute_n to_o regulate_v the_o justice_n court_v and_o past_o their_o bill_n they_o may_v cognosce_fw-la upon_o palpable_a error_n commit_v ignorant_o by_o assize_n and_o it_o be_v hard_o that_o the_o liedge_n shall_v not_o be_v repon_v against_o error_n of_o such_o ignorant_a person_n as_o assizer_n ordinary_o be_v vi_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n do_v suspend_v the_o execution_n likewise_o of_o all_o sentence_n in_o the_o justice_n court_v but_o these_o suspention_n when_o once_o raise_v be_v discuss_v before_o the_o justice_n they_o likewise_o sometime_o discuss_v these_o suspention_n before_o the_o session_n
and_o thus_o a_o assithment_n modify_v by_o the_o justice_n be_v exorbitant_a the_o lord_n by_o way_n of_o suspension_n do_v lessen_v the_o sum_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o decision_n be_v because_o they_o find_v this_o case_n to_o be_v but_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o damnage_n and_o interest_n and_o not_o to_o concern_v corporal_a punishment_n the_o 16._o of_o december_n 1664._o inn_n contra_fw-la forbes_n vii_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1555._o such_o as_o kill_v or_o wound_n to_o the_o effusion_n of_o blood_n or_o any_o other_o way_n one_o another_o during_o the_o dependence_n of_o a_o criminal_a process_n which_o dependence_n be_v declare_v to_o continue_v from_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o summons_n till_o the_o complete_a execution_n of_o the_o decreet_a that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi commit_v the_o say_a crime_n shall_v for_o ever_o loss_n the_o cause_n and_o the_o defender_n be_v guilty_a be_v to_o be_v condemn_v in_o the_o plea._n the_o pursuer_fw-mi or_o defender_n be_v convict_v before_o any_o competent_a judge_n in_o criminal_o without_o any_o probation_n except_o summar_v cognition_n to_o be_v take_v by_o conviction_n or_o put_v the_o committer_n to_o the_o horn_n and_o denounce_v he_o fugitive_n by_o this_o act_n the_o committer_n loss_n his_o life-rent_a escheat_n immediate_o after_o denounciation_n without_o be_v year_n and_o day_n at_o the_o horn_n and_o give_v of_o counsel_n be_v art_n and_o part_n in_o this_o crime_n this_o act_n be_v to_o continue_v only_o for_o three_o year_n and_o be_v prorogat_n for_o seven_o year_n by_o the_o 138._o act_n parl._n 8._o ja._n 6._o and_o be_v thereafter_o make_v perpertual_a by_o the_o 219._o act_n 14._o parl._n ja._n 6._o i_o have_v oft_o see_v process_n intent_a upon_o this_o act_n before_o the_o lord_n but_o it_o be_v necessary_a albeit_o not_o observe_v that_o cognition_n be_v first_o take_v by_o the_o justice_n or_o other_o criminal_a and_o competent_a judge_n yet_o without_o this_o process_n be_v sustain_v by_o the_o lord_n in_o prima_fw-la instantià _fw-la but_o this_o defence_n be_v not_o there_o allege_v and_o process_n be_v sustain_v albeit_o no_o effusion_n of_o blood_n follow_v the_o 29._o of_o july_n 1662._o harper_n against_o hamiltoun_n where_o it_o be_v debate_v whether_o the_o lord_n may_v summary_o receive_v probation_n of_o it_o themselves_o or_o remit_v the_o trial_n to_o the_o justice_n for_o which_o doubt_n i_o think_v there_o be_v no_o great_a ground_n because_o by_o the_o act_n foresay_a the_o justice_n be_v only_a judge_n in_o prima_fw-la instantia_fw-la and_o yet_o in_o sleiche_n case_n 1673._o it_o be_v find_v that_o no_o previous_a trial_n before_o the_o justice_n be_v necessary_a the_o earl_n of_o niddisdale_n pursue_v the_o tenant_n of_o duncow_n february_n 1672._o they_o allege_v absolvitur_fw-la because_o the_o earl_n have_v beat_v some_o of_o they_o who_o be_v send_v to_o execute_v a_o summons_n at_o their_o instance_n against_o he_o at_o least_o he_o have_v give_v order_n to_o beat_v they_o or_o ratihabit_v the_o beat_n of_o they_o to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o 1._o the_o beat_v some_o of_o they_o can_v only_o find_v a_o exception_n to_o such_o as_o be_v beat_v and_o this_o the_o lord_n find_v relevant_a though_o the_o summons_n execute_v be_v for_o a_o common_a cause_n and_o so_o in_o effect_n those_o who_o be_v beat_v represent_v all_o the_o pursuer_n 2._o it_o be_v allege_v that_o order_n to_o beat_v they_o be_v only_o probable_a scripto_fw-la vel_fw-la juramento_fw-la for_o though_o a_o crime_n ordinary_o in_o a_o criminal_a court_n be_v probable_a pro_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la yet_o here_o quo_fw-la ad_fw-la civilem_fw-la effectum_fw-la it_o can_v not_o be_v so_o prove_v for_o else_o a_o nobleman_n whole_a and_o ancient_a heritage_n may_v ofttimes_o be_v take_v away_o by_o witness_n since_o process_n depend_v may_v extend_v to_o a_o nobleman_n whole_a estate_n 3._o it_o be_v allege_v that_o ratihabition_n or_o any_o deed_n ex_fw-la post_fw-la facto_fw-la do_v not_o infer_v the_o contravention_n of_o this_o act_n which_o require_v explicit_a deed_n as_o beat_v bleed_a etc._n etc._n the_o lord_n before_o answer_v to_o these_o two_o last_o alledgiance_n ordain_v witness_n to_o be_v lead_v before_o answer_v for_o clear_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o act_n and_o violence_n commit_v against_o they_o but_o in_o this_o case_n as_o in_o all_o other_o if_o the_o one_o party_n beat_v the_o other_o be_v force_v thereto_o by_o self-defence_n the_o striker_n will_v not_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la fall_v under_o the_o certification_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o be_v find_v the_o last_o of_o january_n 1673._o john_n sliech_n against_o swintoun_n in_o which_o case_n the_o lord_n also_o find_v that_o the_o certification_n of_o this_o act_n do_v reach_v such_o as_o wound_v one_o another_o during_o the_o dependence_n of_o a_o pursuit_n before_o a_o inferior_a court_n though_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o this_o respect_n be_v only_o due_a to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o session_n and_o that_o the_o act_n shall_v only_o reach_v such_o as_o pursue_v action_n before_o they_o for_o to_o lose_v the_o whole_a pley_n be_v too_o great_a a_o punishment_n for_o a_o incident_a riot_n before_o a_o inferior_a court_n i_o find_v likewise_o that_o one_o weir_n have_v be_v pursue_v for_o slaughter_n the_o 15._o of_o june_n 1591._o he_o allege_v he_o be_v absolve_v by_o a_o rolment_n of_o court_n at_o aberdene_n to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o the_o king_n have_v give_v a_o warrant_n for_o a_o further_a trial_n which_o reply_n found_v upon_o his_o majesty_n warrant_n be_v repel_v as_o contrary_a to_o law_n and_o because_o it_o be_v but_o a_o private_a rescript_n not_o subscribe_v by_o the_o chancellor_n nor_o past_a council_n and_o in_o respect_n the_o lord_n of_o session_n have_v give_v a_o warrant_n to_o proceed_v notwithstanding_o of_o the_o king_n private_a warrant_n it_o be_v also_o observable_a though_o i_o think_v it_o irregular_a that_o ludwharn_n have_v raise_v in_o anno_fw-la 1596._o a_o pursuit_n against_o momat_n and_o other_o for_o take_v he_o out_o of_o his_o house_n without_o a_o lawful_a warrant_n give_v in_o a_o bill_n to_o the_o lord_n complain_v that_o the_o duke_n of_o lennox_n as_o leiutennent_n of_o the_o north_n intend_v to_o repledge_a whereas_o that_o jurisdiction_n be_v only_o cumulative_a with_o the_o power_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o that_o he_o have_v a_o letter_n from_o his_o majesty_n ordain_v the_o justice_n to_o proceed_v wherefore_o he_o crave_v that_o the_o justice_n may_v be_v command_v to_o proceed_v which_o petition_n be_v grant_v viii_o albeit_o regulariter_fw-la the_o parliament_n or_o council_n grant_v warrant_n to_o advocat_n to_o appear_v for_o such_o as_o be_v panel_v before_o the_o justice_n yet_o i_o find_v that_o the_o lord_n grant_v a_o warrant_n in_o balmerinochs_n case_n to_o advocat_n to_o compear_v for_o he_o and_o see_v advocat_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o lord_n it_o be_v most_o reasonable_a that_o the_o application_n be_v make_v to_o they_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n likewise_o i_o find_v that_o when_o any_o of_o the_o lord_n be_v appoint_v assessor_n in_o criminal_a case_n by_o the_o council_n that_o they_o must_v have_v a_o warrant_v also_o from_o the_o lord_n for_o sit_v there_o as_o in_o tosh_n case_n 1637._o title_n ix_o the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n in_o criminal_n 1._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n extend_v to_o all_o crime_n commit_v within_o flood-mark_a 2._o our_o admiral_n have_v execute_v pirate_n 3._o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o such_o as_o apprehend_v pirate_n to_o execute_v they_o by_o their_o own_o authority_n in_o the_o ocean_n or_o when_o judge_n refuse_v 4._o any_o nation_n may_v judge_v pirate_n 5._o whether_o the_o justice_n have_v a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n with_o the_o admiral_n 1._o the_o lord_n high_a aâ—miral_n and_o his_o depute_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n judge_n competent_a to_o the_o trial_n of_o all_o crime_n commit_v at_o sea_n and_o by_o a_o unprint_v statute_n with_o we_o the_o admiral_n be_v competent_a in_o all_o controversy_n action_n and_o quarrel_n concern_v crime_n fault_n and_o trespass_n upon_o sea_n or_o so_o far_o as_o the_o same_o flow_v or_o ebb_n vid._n ship-law_n correct_v by_o balfour_n do_fw-mi admiral_n etc._n etc._n cap._n 2._o our_o learned_a countryman_n king_n in_o his_o treatise_n which_o i_o have_v say_v admirans_fw-la habet_fw-la merum_fw-la imperium_fw-la mixium_fw-la &_o jurisdictionem_fw-la simplicem_fw-la potest_fw-la enim_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la jus_o dicere_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la jurisdictionis_fw-la simplicis_fw-la exequi_fw-la imperare_fw-la judices_fw-la dane_n coercere_fw-la quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la meri_fw-la imperii_fw-la sed_fw-la est_fw-la in_o facineroso_n animadvertere_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la meri_fw-la imperii_fw-la de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la igitur_fw-la contraversiis_fw-la marinis_fw-la cognoscere_fw-la
potest_fw-la amirans_fw-la marinas_fw-la intelligo_fw-la quae_fw-la negotiationis_fw-la causa_fw-la ineuntur_fw-la sive_fw-la extra_fw-la mare_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o mari_fw-fr celebrantur_fw-la delicta_fw-la tamen_fw-la ex_fw-la necessitate_v intra_fw-la mar_v be_v fluxum_fw-la perpetrari_fw-la debent_fw-la in_o scotland_n the_o dean_n of_o gilled_a be_v as_o walwood_n observe_v tit_n 23._o ordinary_a judge_n of_o old_a betwixt_o mariner_n and_o merchand_n likeas_n the_o waterbailiff_n betwixt_o mariner_n and_o mariner_n and_o the_o justice-general_a be_v judge_n in_o criminal_n but_o now_o no_o judge_n may_v meddle_v say_v he_o with_o the_o admiral_n cause_n but_o only_o by_o way_n of_o assistance_n and_o that_o by_o commission_n in_o difficult_a cause_n as_o be_v find_v in_o that_o action_n antoni_fw-la de_fw-fr latour_n against_o christian_a marteis_fw-la 6._o of_o november_n 1642._o ii_o in_o october_n 1635._o bernard_n gilermo_n and_o some_o spanish_a dutch_a and_o french_a pirate_n be_v apprehend_v mr._n james_n robertson_n then_o admiral-deput_a crave_v that_o the_o council_n will_v name_v assessor_n to_o he_o in_o the_o trial_n of_o these_o foreigner_n and_o they_o be_v name_v a_o court_n of_o justiciary_a of_o the_o admiralty_n for_o the_o register_n of_o the_o admiralty_n give_v it_o that_o title_n be_v keep_v at_o irwine_n and_o these_o pirate_n indict_v and_o hang_v for_o piracy_n commit_v by_o they_o upon_o french_a spanish_a and_o dutch_a merchand_n the_o party_n injure_v be_v receive_v witness_n else_o these_o crim_n at_o sea_n can_v not_o be_v prove_v this_o trial_n be_v by_o a_o assize_n as_o before_o the_o justice_n iii_o by_o the_o martim_fw-la law_n of_o england_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o man_n who_o take_v a_o pirate_n in_o the_o ocean_n to_o hang_v he_o at_o the_o main-yard_n because_o as_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o the_o ocean_n be_v within_o no_o man_n jurisdiction_n &_o so_o every_o man_n be_v leave_v to_o his_o own_o natural_a liberty_n but_o this_o may_v prove_v very_o dangerous_a for_o thus_o man_n may_v execute_v their_o revenge_n in_o place_n of_o justice_n and_o may_v make_v innocent_a man_n pirate_n for_o their_o private_a advantage_n and_o judicatur_n be_v establish_v to_o prevent_v such_o injury_n and_o upon_o that_o pretext_n man_n may_v as_o well_o adjudge_v prize_n take_v upon_o the_o ocean_n but_o yet_o if_o a_o ship_n be_v on_o her_o voyage_n to_o remote_a place_n as_o the_o indies_n so_o that_o the_o taker_n can_v keep_v the_o pirate_n till_o they_o come_v to_o a_o harbour_n they_o may_v in_o that_o case_n execute_v they_o at_o sea_n for_o that_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o self-defence_n and_o necessity_n make_v law_n but_o i_o think_v this_o necessity_n must_v be_v prove_v vid._n grot._n de_fw-fr jur_fw-fr belli_fw-la lib._n 2._o c._n 20_o §_o 14._o and_o for_o this_o same_o reason_n i_o differ_v from_o that_o author_n who_o assert_n num_fw-la 12._o that_n if_o the_o taker_n bring_v a_o pirate_n to_o a_o port_n and_o the_o judge_n refuse_v or_o delay_n justice_n so_o that_o the_o taker_n must_v lose_v than_o the_o taker_n may_v execute_v justice_n himself_o for_o this_o be_v to_o make_v every_o man_n judge_n not_o only_o of_o the_o pirate_n but_o of_o the_o judge_n to_o who_o application_n be_v make_v and_o a_o private_a person_n may_v as_o well_o pretend_v that_o if_o a_o judge_n delay_v or_o deny_v justice_n against_o such_o as_o we_o pretend_v do_v either_o rob_v or_o affront_v we_o we_o may_v do_v justice_n upon_o they_o ourselves_o contrary_a to_o many_o law_n and_o particular_o to_o l._n nullus_fw-la c._n de_fw-fr judaeis_n the_o same_o learned_a author_n juris_fw-la maritimi_fw-la do_v tell_v we_o cap._n 4._o num_fw-la 14._o that_n if_o a_o spaniard_n rob_v a_o frenchman_n on_o the_o high_a sea_n both_o their_o prince_n be_v in_o amity_n among_o themselves_o and_o with_o england_n and_o that_o the_o ship_n be_v bring_v into_o the_o port_n of_o enland_n the_o frenchman_n may_v proceed_v against_o the_o spaniard_n to_o punish_v he_o but_o if_o the_o ship_n be_v bring_v intra_fw-la prasidia_fw-la of_o that_o prince_n by_o who_o subject_n the_o same_o be_v take_v it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o he_o can_v proceed_v criminal_o but_o the_o taker_n must_v resort_v to_o the_o pirate_n own_o country_n or_o where_o he_o carry_v the_o ship_n but_o in_o my_o opinion_n a_o pirate_n may_v be_v judge_v by_o the_o judge_n of_o any_o nation_n for_o he_o be_v a_o enemy_n to_o all_o nation_n and_o though_o he_o be_v not_o deprehend_v commit_v a_o crime_n in_o the_o sea_n of_o that_o prince_n or_o state_n within_o which_o he_o be_v deprehend_v and_o so_o seem_v not_o liable_a to_o their_o jurisdiction_n nec_fw-la ratione_fw-la loci_fw-la delicti_fw-la nec_fw-la originis_fw-la nec_fw-la domicilii_fw-la yet_o he_o who_o be_v of_o no_o nation_n be_v of_o all_o nation_n as_o vagabond_n be_v and_o he_o who_o be_v a_o equal_a enemy_n to_o all_o nation_n commit_v a_o crime_n against_o every_o nation_n iv._o though_o the_o admiral_n criminal_a jurisdiction_n extend_v no_o further_a than_o crime_n commit_v at_o sea_n or_o within_o flood-mark_a yet_o he_o be_v some_o time_n judge_v ratione_fw-la contingentiae_fw-la &_o ob_fw-la continentiam_fw-la causae_fw-la as_o if_o a_o man_n rescue_v a_o pirate_n out_o of_o prison_n though_o this_o crime_n be_v commit_v without_o flood-mark_a yet_o the_o admiral_n be_v judge_n because_o it_o have_v dependence_n upon_o and_o arise_v from_o the_o principal_a crime_n to_o which_o he_o be_v judge_n and_o if_o the_o admiral_n begin_v to_o present_a pirate_n or_o malefactor_n at_o sea_n he_o may_v continue_v his_o pursuit_n and_o apprehend_v they_o at_o land_n and_o without_o his_o own_o jurisdiction_n but_o he_o must_v in_o that_o case_n seek_v concurrence_n from_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o place_n locen_n cap._n 3._o num_fw-la 2._o v._o though_o the_o admiral_n have_v a_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n yet_o some_o allege_v that_o he_o have_v not_o this_o proper_o as_o admiral_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o a_o commission_n of_o justiciary_a contain_v in_o his_o gift_n and_o therefore_o when_o the_o admiral_n proceed_v to_o thy_o crime_n the_o court_n be_v not_o call_v the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n simple_o as_o in_o other_o case_n but_o the_o court_n of_o justiciary_a of_o the_o admiralty_n it_o be_v likewise_o doubt_v whether_o the_o admiral_n have_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o judge_a crime_n commit_v at_o sea_n or_o if_o the_o justice_n have_v a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n with_o they_o and_o may_v preveen_v and_o that_o the_o justice_n have_v a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n be_v clear_a for_o i_o find_v that_o in_o anno_fw-la 1613._o the_o justice_n do_v hang_v one_o john_n davidson_n and_o john_n allows_v english_a pirate_n and_o in_o anno_fw-la 1610._o they_o hang_v peter_n love_n john_n cock_n and_o other_o likewise_o english_a pirate_n which_o last_o be_v hang_v upon_o their_o own_o confession_n emit_v before_o the_o privy_a council_n and_o all_o of_o they_o be_v hang_v within_o flood-mark_a i_o have_v likewise_o see_v the_o justice_n advocate_n cause_n from_o the_o admiral_n court_n but_o whether_o the_o admiral_n sentence_n in_o criminal_n can_v be_v reduce_v by_o the_o criminal_a court_n as_o their_o sentence_n in_o civil_n can_v be_v reduce_v before_o the_o session_n i_o will_v not_o determine_v title_n x._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o commissar_n in_o criminal_n 1._o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o churchman_n 2._o our_o commissar_n be_v judge_n competent_a to_o verbal_a injury_n 3._o how_o far_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o improbation_n i._o churchman_n be_v discharge_v to_o sit_v judge_n in_o crime_n and_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o greek_a church_n give_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o bloodless_a jurisdiction_n upon_o which_o account_n the_o law_n give_v they_o audientiam_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la do_fw-mi c._n the_o episcop_n audient_fw-la with_o we_o these_o bishop_n abstain_v from_o vot_v in_o criminal_a process_n bring_v in_o to_o the_o parliament_n though_o there_o they_o sit_v as_o heritor_n rather_o than_o as_o mere_a churchman_n and_o so_o may_v pretend_v to_o a_o voice_n upon_o that_o account_n ii_o the_o commissar_n be_v the_o bishop_n official_o and_o so_o have_v least_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n of_o all_o other_o court_n but_o yet_o they_o be_v judge_n competent_a to_o verbal_a injury_n which_o be_v by_o the_o law_n account_v crime_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o they_o be_v the_o only_a judge_n competent_a to_o this_o crime_n be_v because_o that_o court_n as_o be_v a_o ecclesiastic_a court_n &_o curia_fw-la christianitatis_fw-la consider_v these_o verbal_a injury_n as_o scandal_n and_o so_o they_o be_v allow_v not_o only_o to_o punish_v the_o same_o with_o pecuniary_a mulct_n but_o with_o church_n censure_n such_o as_o to_o make_v the_o offender_n stand_v at_o the_o church_n door_n to_o expiate_v a_o slander_n though_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o
and_o the_o power_n of_o give_v of_o quarter_n be_v natural_o inherent_a in_o all_o soldier_n as_o such_o and_o as_o the_o council_n without_o express_a remission_n from_o the_o king_n upon_o submission_n may_v have_v secure_v their_o life_n so_o may_v soldier_n by_o quarter_n for_o they_o have_v as_o much_o power_n in_o the_o field_n as_o the_o other_o at_o the_o council_n table_n 2._o lawyer_n be_v very_o clear_a that_o quarter_n shall_v be_v keep_v though_o give_v to_o subject_n who_o be_v rebel_n grotius_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 19_o where_o after_o he_o have_v full_o treat_v that_o question_n de_fw-fr fide_fw-la servanda_fw-la conclude_v that_o side_n data_fw-la etiam_fw-la persidis_fw-la &_o rebellibus_fw-la subditis_fw-la est_fw-la servanda_fw-la and_o this_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o civil_a war_n in_o holland_n and_o france_n and_o by_o his_o majesty_n and_o his_o father_n at_o home_n during_o the_o late_a trouble_n 3._o quarâ—er_o be_v advantageous_a to_o the_o king_n and_o so_o shall_v be_v keep_v for_o these_o who_o be_v take_v may_v have_v kill_v his_o majesty_n general_n or_o officer_n and_o by_o give_v quarter_n to_o his_o enemy_n he_o redeem_v his_o servant_n and_o if_o the_o only_a effect_n of_o quarter_n be_v to_o be_v reserve_v to_o a_o public_a trial_n none_o will_v accept_v quarter_n notwithstanding_o of_o which_o reply_n the_o defence_n be_v repel_v and_o the_o panel_n condemn_v and_o thereafter_o execute_v the_o second_o question_n be_v that_o which_o be_v debate_v in_o haddo_n case_n 16._o march_n 1642._o at_o which_o time_n that_o loyal_a gentleman_n haddo_n be_v pursue_v for_o kill_v mr._n james_n stalker_n servitor_n to_o the_o lord_n frazer_n he_o allege_v that_o the_o say_v mr._n james_n be_v kill_v in_o the_o open_a field_n in_o a_o conflict_n betwixt_o the_o convenanters_n and_o ante-covenanters_n all_o which_o act_v of_o ostility_n be_v remit_v by_o the_o pacification_n to_o which_o 〈◊〉_d be_v reply_v that_o the_o pacification_n do_v only_o secure_a against_o act_n of_o hostility_n which_o be_v do_v in_o furore_fw-la belli_fw-la but_o this_o be_v a_o private_a murder_n for_o the_o say_a mr._n james_n have_v be_v take_v a_o prisoner_n haddo_n do_v come_v up_o to_o he_o and_o ask_v who_o servant_n he_o be_v and_o hear_v that_o he_o be_v servant_n to_o the_o lord_n frazer_n he_o say_v your_o master_n man_n be_v the_o person_n that_o i_o be_o seek_v and_o thereupon_o order_v to_o kill_v he_o which_o be_v according_o do_v by_o which_o it_o clear_o appear_v that_o this_o be_v a_o private_a murder_n do_v in_o cold_a blood_n and_o upon_o premeditat_fw-la malice_n and_o mr._n james_n stalker_n be_v a_o prisoner_n any_o who_o kill_v he_o be_v liable_a for_o his_o murder_n ex_fw-la jure_fw-la militari_fw-la and_o the_o pacification_n can_v no_o more_o defend_v the_o committer_n then_o if_o he_o have_v go_v into_o a_o prison_n and_o kill_v a_o prisoner_n or_o if_o he_o have_v commit_v a_o rapt_v upon_o a_o woman_n likea_n murderer_n be_v express_o except_v from_o the_o pacification_n 2._o haddo_n be_v no_o general_a person_n and_o so_o can_v not_o give_v order_n for_o his_o execution_n and_o so_o the_o kill_n of_o the_o defunct_a be_v not_o warrantable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n to_o which_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o the_o pacification_n do_v secure_a against_o all_o deed_n whatsoever_o do_v upon_o the_o field_n by_o person_n engage_v in_o either_o party_n without_o debate_v whether_o the_o deed_n be_v lawful_o or_o unlawful_o do_v and_o the_o occasion_n and_o not_o the_o manner_n of_o kill_v be_v to_o be_v consider_v and_o as_o to_o the_o manner_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o mr._n james_n have_v never_o get_v any_o quarter_n and_o so_o be_v not_o a_o prisoner_n in_o war_n and_o therefore_o may_v have_v be_v kill_v by_o any_o engage_v in_o the_o quarrel_n whether_o general_a person_n or_o other_o but_o the_o truth_n be_v the_o say_a haddo_n do_v command_v that_o party_n which_o be_v equivalent_a to_o his_o be_v a_o general_a person_n and_o albeit_o the_o pacification_n do_v express_o except_o murder_n yet_o that_o behove_v only_o to_o be_v interpret_v of_o such_o murder_n as_o have_v no_o contingency_n with_o the_o trouble_n nor_o be_v occasion_v by_o they_o this_o debate_n be_v not_o decide_v but_o be_v remit_v to_o the_o parliament_n and_o that_o worthy_a gentleman_n execute_v for_o rise_v in_o arm_n against_o the_o estate_n of_o parliament_n iii_o i_o find_v that_o there_o be_v a_o commission_n grant_v by_o the_o parliament_n in_o anno_fw-la 1644._o to_o two_o baily_n of_o edinburgh_n to_o sit_v and_o hold_v justice_n court_n upon_o such_o soldier_n as_o be_v runaway_n and_o that_o upon_o this_o commission_n james_n french_a be_v condemn_v by_o they_o for_o run_v away_o from_o his_o colour_n contrary_a to_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1644._o and_o be_v hang_v according_o from_o which_o these_o observation_n may_v be_v make_v 1._o that_o the_o justice_n be_v not_o judge_n competent_a to_o crime_n that_o be_v mere_o military_a 2._o that_o we_o have_v no_o stand_a law_n for_o execute_v runaway_n beside_o the_o martial_a law_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o law_n found_v upon_o this_o indictment_n except_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1644._o which_o be_v now_o abrogat_fw-la 3._o it_o be_v observable_a that_o one_o mr._n alexander_n henderson_n as_o procurator_n fiscal_n and_o not_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n be_v here_o pursuer_fw-mi from_o all_o which_o it_o seem_v somewhat_o strange_a that_o this_o process_n shall_v have_v be_v insert_v in_o the_o adjournal_n book_n iu._n but_o albeit_o deserter_n be_v here_o punish_v with_o death_n yet_o regulariter_fw-la milites_fw-la gregarij_fw-la or_o list_a soldier_n be_v only_o punishable_a in_o time_n of_o peace_n with_o degredation_n and_o in_o time_n of_o war_n with_o death_n because_o the_o hazard_n be_v then_o great_a l._n 5._o §_o 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr remilit_fw-la and_o by_o that_o law_n they_o may_v be_v kill_v by_o any_o man_n lib._n 2._o cod._n quando_fw-la liciat_a unic_n etc._n etc._n but_o this_o arbitrary_a kill_n be_v not_o now_o in_o use_n as_o voet_n de_fw-fr jur_fw-fr militat_fw-la very_o well_o observe_v if_o superior_a officer_n leave_v their_o charge_n they_o commit_v treason_n l._n 2._o ff_n ad_fw-la leg_n jul_a maje_v vid._n tit_n treason_n v._o constantine_n have_v extinguish_v the_o office_n of_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la who_o be_v the_o supreme_a judge_n in_o all_o military_a case_n the_o magistri_fw-la militum_fw-la succeed_v and_o be_v sole_a judge_n of_o all_o crime_n commit_v by_o soldier_n both_o in_o civil_a and_o in_o military_a case_n and_o if_o soldier_n have_v offend_v the_o civil_a magistrate_n may_v have_v secure_v but_o he_o be_v obledge_v to_o remit_v they_o cum_fw-la elogio_fw-la to_o their_o own_o officer_n l._n 9_o ff_n de_fw-fr custod_n reor_fw-la vid._n tit_n c._n de_fw-fr remilit_fw-la title_n xvii_o advocation_n of_o criminal_a cause_n 1._o advocation_n define_v 2._o no_o advocation_n from_o the_o justice_n 3._o how_o advocation_n be_v raise_v from_o inferior_a court_n and_o the_o form_n thereto_o relate_v 4._o the_o ordinary_a reason_n of_o advocation_n examine_v 5._o whether_o the_o justice_n be_v proper_a judge_n to_o their_o own_o competency_n i._o advocation_n be_v the_o away_o call_v of_o a_o intend_a cause_n or_o pursuit_n from_o a_o inferior_a incompetent_a judicatory_a to_o a_o high_a and_o more_o competent_a and_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o we_o that_o recusatio_fw-la judicis_fw-la be_v with_o the_o roman_n and_o be_v by_o the_o doctor_n call_v advocatio_fw-la or_o evocatio_fw-la which_o be_v by_o they_o define_v to_o be_v litis_fw-la pendentis_fw-la coram_fw-la inferiore_fw-la ad_fw-la superiorem_fw-la absque_fw-la provocatione_n facta_fw-la translatio_fw-la gail_n lib._n 1._o ob_n 41_o num_fw-la 7._o and_o be_v found_v upon_o cap._n ut_fw-la nostrum_fw-la de_fw-la appell_n &_o l._n jud_v solvitur_fw-la ff_n de_fw-mi jud_v ii_o their_a be_v no_o advocation_n raise_v of_o pursuit_n intent_a before_o the_o justice_n but_o if_o there_o be_v any_o design_n of_o stop_v a_o pursuit_n depend_v before_o they_o there_o use_v to_o be_v a_o petition_n give_v in_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o secret_a council_n who_o if_o they_o find_v the_o desire_n of_o the_o petition_n just_a will_v ordain_v the_o justice_n to_o stop_v all_o further_a procedor_fw-la or_o will_v remit_v the_o inquiry_n to_o any_o other_o court_n as_o they_o do_v in_o a_o pursuit_n intent_a at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o caithness_n against_o some_o vassal_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o sutherland_n which_o they_o stop_v as_o to_o the_o earl_n himself_o and_o ordain_v his_o vassal_n to_o be_v pursue_v before_o his_o own_o regality_n court_n sometime_o also_o they_o ordain_v assessor_n to_o be_v justice_n so_o that_o there_o be_v never_o a_o cause_n formal_o advocate_n from_o before_o the_o justice_n
alledgeance_n propon_v be_v the_o panel_n 〈◊〉_d and_o their_o procurator_n and_o write_v produce_v for_o instruct_v thereof_o that_o the_o say_a matter_n shall_v not_o pass_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o assize_n and_o answer_v make_v thereto_o be_v our_o sovereign_a lord_n advocate_n and_o write_v produce_v be_v he_o for_o veryfy_v thereof_o the_o justice_n find_v the_o dittay_n relevant_a and_o do_v put_v the_o samen_n to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o assize_n of_o person_n follow_v they_o be_v to_o say_v 〈◊〉_d whilk_n person_n of_o assize_n be_v choose_v swear_v and_o admit_v and_o the_o say_a 〈◊〉_d be_v accuse_v of_o the_o dittay_n of_o the_o crime_n above-writen_a which_o be_v verrify_v be_v their_o own_o deposition_n and_o confession_n in_o judgement_n they_o remove_v altogether_o forth_o of_o court_n to_o the_o assize_n house_n where_o they_o be_v plurality_n of_o vot_n elect_v and_o choose_v the_o say_v c._n reason_v and_o vote_v upon_o the_o point_n of_o the_o say_v dittay_v and_o be_v ripe_o and_o at_o length_n advise_v therewith_o together_o with_o the_o deposition_n 〈◊〉_d and_o other_o write_v produce_v be_v his_o majesty_n advocate_n for_o the_o verification_n thereof_o enter_v again_o in_o court_n where_o they_o all_o with_o one_o vot_o be_v the_o report_n of_o the_o say_a chancellor_n find_v pronunce_v and_o declare_v the_o say_a d._n to_o be_v file_v culpable_a and_o convict_v of_o the_o crime_n respective_a above-writen_a contain_v in_o their_o say_a dittay_n for_o the_o whilk_n cause_n the_o justice_n be_v the_o mouth_n of_o 〈◊〉_d dempster_n of_o court_n discern_v ordain_v and_o adjudge_v the_o say_a 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v take_v to_o the_o castle-hill_n of_o edimburgh_n or_o mercat_n cross_n and_o there_o to_o be_v hang_v till_o he_o be_v dead_a and_o his_o hail_n movable_a good_n to_o be_v escheat_n to_o his_o majesti_n use_n or_o their_o head_n to_o be_v strike_v from_o their_o body_n and_o the_o say_a 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v take_v to_o the_o mercat_n cross_n of_o edimburgh_n and_o there_o his_o tongue_n to_o be_v pierce_v with_o a_o hot_a botkin_n and_o thereafter_o banish_v this_o realm_n not_o to_o be_v find_v thereintil_o under_o the_o pain_n of_o death_n or_o to_o be_v scourge_v and_o all_o their_o moveable-goods_a to_o be_v escheat_n which_o be_v pronunce_v for_o doom_n extract_v act_n of_o conviction_n the_o whilk_fw-mi day_n 〈◊〉_d enter_v upon_o panel_n dilate_a accuse_v and_o pursue_v be_v 〈◊〉_d be_v virtue_n of_o crime_n purchase_v be_v he_o against_o they_o of_o art_n and_o part_n of_o demembr_v of_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o middle_a finger_n of_o his_o left_a hand_n near_a his_o little_a finger_n commit_v the_o 〈◊〉_d day_n of_o 〈◊〉_d upon_o the_o street_n of_o 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v put_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o assize_n of_o the_o person_n follow_v they_o be_v to_o say_v 〈◊〉_d whilks-person_n of_o assize_n be_v choose_v swear_v and_o admit_v after_o accusation_n of_o the_o a._n of_o the_o crime_n aforesaid_a remove_v altogether_o forth_o of_o court_n to_o the_o assize_n house_n where_o they_o be_v plurality_n of_o vot_n elect_v and_o choose_v the_o say_v in_o chancellor_n reason_v and_o vot_v upon_o the_o point_n of_o the_o say_v dittay_v above-specified_n and_o be_v advise_v re-entered_n again_o in_o court_n where_o they_o all_o in_o voice_n be_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o say_a chancellor_n find_v pronunce_v and_o declare_v the_o say_a 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v file_v culpable_a and_o convict_v of_o art_n and_o part_n of_o demembr_v the_o say_a 〈◊〉_d of_o his_o middle_a finger_n near_a his_o little_a finger_n of_o his_o left_a hand_n commit_v the_o time_n foresay_a whereupon_o the_o say_a 〈◊〉_d ask_v instrument_n extractum_fw-la etc._n etc._n doom_n for_o demembr_v the_o whilk_fw-mi day_n etc._n etc._n be_v enter_v on_o panel_n to_o hear_v doom_n pronunce_v against_o they_o as_o they_o that_o be_v convict_v be_v a_o assize_n in_o a_o court_n of_o justiciar_n hold_v within_o the_o tolbooth_n of_o edimburgh_n the_o 〈◊〉_d day_n of_o 〈◊〉_d instant_n for_o art_n and_o part_n of_o he_o demembration_n of_o 〈◊〉_d ut_fw-la supra_fw-la the_o justice_n be_v mouth_n of_o 〈◊〉_d dempster_n decern_v and_o ordain_v the_o say_a 〈◊〉_d to_o content_v and_o pay_v to_o 〈◊〉_d the_o sum_n of_o three_o hundred_o mark_n in_o full_a satisfaction_n and_o assithment_n of_o the_o demembration_n of_o he_o of_o the_o say_a finger_n and_o to_o find_v caution_n for_o payment_n of_o the_o say_a sum_n to_o the_o say_a 〈◊〉_d upon_o condition_n that_o the_o say_a 〈◊〉_d shall_v deliver_v to_o the_o say_a 〈◊〉_d sufficient_a letter_n of_o slayne_n for_o demembr_v he_o of_o his_o little_a finger_n who_o find_v 〈◊〉_d with_o themselves_o conjunct_o and_o several_o soverty_n and_o cautioner_n fore-payed_n of_o the_o say_v three_o hundred_o mark_n to_o the_o say_a 〈◊〉_d in_o full_a satisfaction_n and_o assithment_n of_o demember_v he_o of_o his_o middle_a finger_n he_o grant_v and_o and_o give_v a_o sufficient_a letter_n of_o slayne_n as_o say_v be_v and_o all_o be_v discern_v all_o the_o say_n 〈◊〉_d their_o movable_a good_n and_o geir_n to_o be_v escheat_n and_o in-brought_a to_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n use_v as_o be_v convict_v of_o the_o say_a crime_n which_o be_v pronunce_v for_o doom_n and_o ordain_v letter_n of_o horning_n upon_o a_o simple_a charge_n of_o ten_o day_n and_o poind_v to_o be_v direct_a hereupon_o dempster_n our_o countryman_n hist._n ecle_v pag._n 235._o relate_v this_o solemnity_n which_o be_v now_o in_o desuetude_n lapidem_fw-la tollit_fw-la magistratus_fw-la signatumque_fw-la quaerenti_fw-la tradit_fw-la ille_fw-la adversarium_fw-la &_o testes_fw-la citat_fw-la si_fw-la quid_fw-la ambiguum_fw-la &_o majoris_fw-la momenti_fw-la ad_fw-la 12._o quos_fw-la clave_n appellant_n refertur_fw-la atque_fw-la ita_fw-la sine_fw-la scriptis_fw-la aut_fw-la impensis_fw-la light_n dirimi_fw-la sunt_fw-la solitae_fw-la ii_o by_o the_o former_a style_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o debate_n be_v not_o insert_v in_o the_o criminal_a sentence_n as_o it_o be_v in_o civil_a process_n with_o we_o but_o it_o contain_v ofttimes_o the_o whole_a summons_n which_o decreet_v for_o civil_a cause_n do_v not_o these_o criminal_a sentence_n likewise_o express_v still_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o probation_n which_o be_v the_o because_o of_o the_o decreet_a as_o we_o speak_v in_o civil_a cause_n and_o this_o the_o doctor_n confess_v to_o be_v the_o custom_n in_o other_o kingdom_n inferitur_fw-la enim_fw-la causa_fw-la in_o sententia_fw-la ut_fw-la quod_fw-la talis_fw-la accusatus_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-la tali_fw-la malificio_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la constat_fw-la per_fw-la tefle_n vel_fw-la per_fw-la ejus_fw-la confessionem_fw-la quod_fw-la illud_fw-la maleficium_fw-la commisit_fw-la &_o ideo_fw-la condemnatus_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n clar._n 93._o num_fw-la 21._o after_o the_o sentence_n be_v pronunce_v by_o the_o judge_n it_o be_v write_v by_o the_o clerk_n who_o read_v to_o the_o dempster_n the_o manner_n of_o punishment_n and_o it_o be_v by_o he_o repeat_v and_o the_o manner_n of_o punishment_n be_v call_v the_o doom_n because_o it_o be_v pronunce_v by_o the_o dempster_n who_o add_v after_o he_o have_v pronunce_v the_o punishment_n and_o this_o i_o give_v for_o doom_n and_o i_o find_v that_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o italy_n the_o clerk_n read_v the_o sentence_n and_o the_o judge_n add_v ita_fw-la absolvo_fw-la vel_fw-la ita_fw-la condemno_fw-la clar._n ibid._n iii_o albeit_o the_o sentence_n bear_v a_o punishment_n less_o than_o what_o the_o statute_n irrogat_n eo_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o sentence_n be_v not_o by_o our_o law_n null_n but_o the_o fisk_n have_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o conviction_n contain_v in_o the_o sentence_n â—ight_a to_o put_v in_o execution_n or_o to_o exact_v what_o the_o law_n appoint_v though_o the_o sentence_n do_v not_o and_o thus_o john_n wauch_n in_o selkirk_n be_v find_v guilty_a of_o theft_n by_o the_o sheriff_n of_o that_o shire_n he_o be_v ordain_v to_o pay_v two_o thousand_o mark_n or_o to_o go_v to_o barbodoes_n in_o obedience_n to_o which_o decreet_a he_o pay_v the_o two_o thousand_o mark_n notwithstanding_o whereof_o the_o exchequer_n gift_v his_o liferent-escheat_n to_o mr._n andrew_n hedderweik_n who_o pursue_v a_o declarature_n in_o which_o the_o lord_n find_v that_o wauch_n be_v once_o find_v guilty_a of_o theft_n there_o be_v jus_o quesitum_fw-la regi_fw-la which_o the_o sheriff_n can_v not_o prejudge_v by_o any_o sentence_n no_o more_o than_o he_o can_v remit_v the_o punishment_n altogether_o for_o in_o so_o far_o as_o he_o do_v mitigat_n the_o punishment_n in_o so_o far_o he_o remit_v it_o to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o theft_n be_v arbitrar_o punish_v by_o our_o custom_n sometime_o by_o death_n sometime_o by_o fyne_a according_a to_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o the_o guilt_n which_o be_v punishable_a and_o custom_n have_v in_o this_o prorogat_v the_o power_n of_o inferior_a judge_n 2._o if_o the_o sheriff_n have_v do_v wrong_a he_o