bring_v against_o some_o of_o their_o officer_n and_o minister_n for_o execute_v their_o decree_n and_o warrant_n their_o lordship_n find_v in_o their_o wisdom_n that_o it_o can_v neither_o stand_v with_o law_n nor_o with_o common_a sense_n or_o reason_n that_o in_o a_o cause_n of_o so_o great_a consequent_a the_o law_n can_v be_v so_o void_a of_o providence_n as_o to_o restrain_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n from_o make_v new_a work_n to_o restrain_v the_o fury_n of_o the_o water_n aswell_o as_o to_o repair_v the_o old_a where_o necessity_n do_v require_v it_o for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o country_n or_o to_o cause_v a_o charge_n upon_o the_o town_n or_o hundred_o in_o general_a that_o be_v interest_v in_o the_o benefit_n or_o loss_n without_o attend_v particular_a survey_n or_o admeasurement_n of_o acre_n when_o the_o service_n be_v to_o have_v speedy_a and_o sudden_a execution_n or_o that_o a_o commission_n of_o so_o high_a a_o nature_n and_o of_o so_o great_a use_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o evident_a necessity_n and_o of_o so_o ancient_a jurisdiction_n both_o before_o the_o statute_n and_o since_o shall_v want_v mean_n of_o coercion_n for_o obedience_n to_o their_o order_n warrant_n and_o decree_n when_o as_o the_o performance_n of_o they_o the_o preservation_n of_o many_o thousand_o of_o his_o majesty_n subject_n live_v good_n and_o land_n do_v depend_v it_o plain_o appear_v that_o it_o will_v be_v a_o direct_a frustrate_v and_o overthrow_n of_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n of_o sewer_n if_o the_o commissioner_n their_o officer_n and_o minister_n shall_v be_v subject_a to_o every_o suit_n at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o delinquent_n in_o his_o majesty_n court_n of_o the_o common_a law_n and_o so_o to_o weary_a and_o discourage_v all_o man_n from_o do_v their_o duty_n in_o that_o behalf_n for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a and_o for_o the_o supreme_a reason_n above_o all_o reason_n which_o be_v the_o salvation_n of_o the_o king_n land_n and_o people_n their_o lordship_n do_v order_n that_o the_o person_n former_o commit_v by_o this_o board_n for_o their_o contempt_n concern_v this_o cause_n shall_v stand_v commit_v until_o they_o release_v or_o sufficient_o discharge_v such_o action_n suit_n and_o demand_n as_o they_o have_v bring_v at_o the_o common_a law_n against_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n or_o any_o the_o minister_n or_o officer_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n save_v unto_o they_o nevertheless_o any_o complaint_n or_o suit_n for_o any_o oppression_n or_o grievance_n before_o the_o court_n of_o sewer_n or_o this_o table_n if_o they_o receive_v not_o justice_n at_o the_o commissioner_n hand_n and_o their_o lordship_n further_a order_n that_o letter_n from_o the_o table_n shall_v be_v write_v to_o the_o commissioner_n of_o decree_n of_o like_a nature_n when_o it_o shall_v be_v find_v needful_a require_v encourage_v and_o warrant_v they_o to_o proceed_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o several_a commission_n according_a unto_o former_a practice_n and_o usuage_v any_o late_a disturbance_n opposition_n or_o conceit_n of_o law_n whereupon_o the_o say_a disturbance_n have_v be_v ground_v notwithstanding_o with_o admonition_n nevertheless_o that_o care_n be_v take_v that_o there_o be_v no_o just_a cause_n of_o complaint_n give_v by_o any_o abuse_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n examinat_fw-la '_o per_fw-la edmund_n cleric_n '_o consilii_fw-la present_v at_o this_o order_n make_v be_v 1._o the_o king_n majesty_n in_o person_n 2._o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n 3._o l._n chancellor_n elsmeare_v 4._o l._n treasure_n earl_n of_o suffolk_n 5._o l._n steward_n d._n de_fw-fr lenox_n 6._o l._n admiral_n howard_n earl_n of_o nottingham_n 7._o l._n chamberlain_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n 8._o e._n of_o arundel_n howard_n 9_o viscount_n wallingford_n 10._o viscount_n fenton_n 11._o andrews_n bishop_n of_o ely_n 12._o lord_n wotton_n 13._o lord_n cary._n 14._o secretary_n winwood_n 15._o secretary_n lake_n 16._o sir_n foulk_n grevil_n chancellor_n of_o the_o exchequer_n 17._o master_n of_o the_o roll_n cesar_n 18._o sir_n francis_n bacon_n attorney-general_n all_o of_o they_o of_o the_o privy-councel_n this_o order_n be_v in_o some_o point_v legal_a and_o may_v stand_v for_o a_o direction_n in_o matter_n of_o law_n and_o the_o other_o part_n thereof_o may_v stand_v for_o a_o precedent_n of_o state_n and_o it_o thereby_o plain_o appear_v that_o the_o king_n learned_a counsel_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o say_v new_a work_n may_v be_v order_v and_o decree_v to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n and_o that_o the_o same_o have_v warrant_n from_o former_a precedent_n but_o the_o last_o allegation_n on_o the_o contrary_a party_n be_v very_o forcible_a against_o this_o argument_n that_o by_o the_o make_n and_o erect_v of_o these_o new_a defence_n the_o inheritance_n of_o private_a person_n be_v thereby_o prejudice_v whereon_o they_o be_v build_v yet_o as_o cato_n say_v vix_fw-la ulla_fw-la lex_fw-la fieri_fw-la potest_fw-la quae_fw-la omnibus_fw-la utilis_fw-la sit_fw-la sed_fw-la si_fw-la majori_fw-la cato_n cato_n parti_fw-la proficiat_fw-la sufficit_fw-la and_o therefore_o this_o objection_n i_o thus_o answer_v that_o these_o new_a work_n be_v not_o to_o be_v undertake_v but_o upon_o urgent_a necessity_n in_o defence_n of_o the_o country_n or_o for_o the_o safety_n thereof_o so_o that_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v therein_o deep_o interest_v and_o engage_v and_o thing_n which_o concern_v the_o commonweal_n be_v of_o great_a account_n in_o the_o law_n than_o the_o interest_n of_o private_a person_n and_o so_o it_o be_v 13_o h._n 8._o fol._n 16._o that_o the_o commonwealth_n 8._o 13._o h._n 8._o shall_v be_v prefer_v before_o the_o private_a estate_n and_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n a_o private_a person_n shall_v receive_v damage_n if_o otherwise_o it_o can_v be_v eschew_v as_o a_o private_a man_n house_n shall_v be_v pull_v down_o if_o the_o next_o house_n thereto_o be_v on_o fire_n to_o save_v the_o town_n and_o the_o suburb_n of_o a_o city_n may_v be_v pull_v down_o in_o time_n of_o war_n to_o save_v the_o city_n and_o bulwark_n may_v be_v raise_v on_o private_a man_n ground_n for_o defence_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o what_o great_a enemy_n can_v there_o be_v then_o the_o sea_n who_o threaten_v with_o his_o merciless_a wave_n to_o swallow_v up_o all_o before_o it_o but_o that_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o almighty_a have_v tie_v 27._o pro_fw-la ch_n 8._o ver_fw-la 27._o and_o bind_v he_o in_o the_o fetter_n of_o his_o eternal_a decree_n and_o give_v policy_n and_o mean_n to_o man_n to_o keep_v he_o from_o invade_v the_o land_n by_o artificial_a work_n proper_a for_o such_o service_n therefore_o in_o my_o opinion_n by_o the_o very_a true_a intent_n and_o meaning_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n and_o by_o a_o just_a equal_a and_o reasonable_a construction_n it_o shall_v lie_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n upon_o just_a and_o urgent_a occasion_n and_o consideration_n to_o make_v order_n and_o decree_n for_o erect_v and_o make_v of_o new_a bank_n new_a wall_n goat_n stream_n sluice_n and_o other_o necessary_a defence_n against_o the_o overflow_a of_o the_o sea_n for_o ubi_fw-la nova_fw-la fit_a maris_fw-la incursio_fw-la ibi_fw-la novum_fw-la est_fw-la apponendum_fw-la remedium_fw-la with_o this_o caution_n that_o under_o the_o pretence_n of_o the_o commonweal_n a_o private_a man_n welfare_n be_v not_o intend_v to_o the_o charge_n trouble_n and_o burden_n of_o the_o country_n and_o with_o this_o also_o that_o where_o any_o man_n particular_a interest_n and_o inheritance_n be_v prejudice_v for_o the_o commonwealth_n cause_n by_o any_o such_o new_a erect_a work_n that_o that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v order_v to_o recompense_v the_o same_o which_o have_v good_a thereby_o according_a as_o be_v wise_o and_o discreet_o order_v by_o two_o several_a statute_n the_o one_o make_v in_o anno_fw-la 27_o eliz._n cap._n 22._o 22._o 27_o el._n c._n 22._o rastal_n havens_n and_o rivers_n be_v where_o the_o commissioner_n have_v power_n to_o compound_v and_o agree_v with_o the_o lord_n and_o owner_n of_o the_o ground_n through_o which_o the_o new_a cut_n be_v to_o be_v make_v and_o the_o other_o 3_o jac._n reg._n cap._n for_o bring_v the_o new_a stream_n jac._n 3_o jac._n to_o london_n and_o although_o these_o statute_n hold_v not_o in_o the_o general_a case_n of_o sewer_n but_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o say_v particular_a matter_n therein_o express_v yet_o they_o may_v serve_v as_o good_a rule_n to_o direct_v our_o commissioner_n to_o imitate_v upon_o like_a occasion_n happen_v the_o second_o point_n upon_o this_o statute_n it_o appear_v by_o my_o case_n that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n do_v decree_v a_o new_a bank_n to_o be_v raise_v and_o a_o new_a river_n to_o be_v cast_v and_o a_o old_a sewer_n to_o be_v repair_v upon_o their_o view_n survey_v
fol._n 57_o in_o winbish_n and_o tailboys_n case_n it_o be_v say_v that_o if_o there_o be_v a_o bastard_n eigne_n and_o mulier_fw-la puisne_n and_o the_o bastard_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o ancestor_n enter_v into_o entail_v land_n and_o die_v seize_v this_o do_v not_o bind_v the_o mulier_fw-la in_o case_n of_o estate_n tail_n as_o it_o do_v in_o a_o estate_n of_o fee_n simple_a and_o vouch_v for_o authority_n in_o the_o point_n 39_o ed._n 3._o plac_fw-la ultimo_fw-la where_o the_o case_n be_v that_o land_n be_v give_v in_o tail_n to_o i._o s._n the_o remainder_n 3._o 39_o ed._n 3._o in_o tail_n to_o c._n and_o i._n s._n have_v issue_n by_o a_o woman_n a_o bastard_n and_o die_v seize_v and_o then_o the_o bastard_n die_v seize_v have_v issue_n he_o in_o the_o remainder_n may_v recover_v the_o land_n against_o the_o issue_n of_o the_o bastard_n affirm_v that_o the_o continuance_n of_o possession_n in_o the_o bastard_n shall_v not_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o he_o in_o remainder_n to_o which_o opinion_n i_o do_v subscribe_v because_o he_o in_o the_o remainder_n be_v a_o stranger_n in_o blood_n and_o so_o can_v be_v conclude_v as_o the_o mulier_fw-la shall_v be_v for_o a_o mulier_fw-la indeed_o be_v like_o a_o graft_n draw_v out_o of_o both_o the_o blood_n of_o father_n and_o mother_n so_o the_o bastard_n be_v a_o slip_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o same_o stock_n and_o have_v his_o be_v therefrom_o and_o for_o my_o own_o opinion_n consider_v the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 2._o de_fw-fr donis_n do_v accept_v of_o gift_n in_o tail_n make_v before_o marriage_n upon_o the_o hope_n and_o expectation_n of_o a_o succeed_a marriage_n to_o perfect_v the_o same_o even_o so_o the_o marriage_n succeed_v to_o a_o bastard_n birth_n give_v he_o and_o his_o issue_n a_o privilege_n in_o these_o case_n of_o descent_n which_o be_v deny_v to_o other_o bastard_n or_o mere_a stranger_n and_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n wherefore_o that_o maxim_n and_o principle_n of_o law_n shall_v be_v alter_v by_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o west_n 2._o but_o because_o mountagues_n opinion_n in_o mr._n blow_n com._n sway_v the_o other_o way_n i_o will_v therefore_o submit_v this_o point_n to_o man_n of_o great_a judgement_n than_o my_o own_o so_o that_o if_o the_o law_n fall_v out_o for_o the_o bastard_n issue_n than_o she_o shall_v have_v title_n to_o the_o half_a part_n belong_v to_o the_o female_n and_o to_o no_o part_n belong_v to_o the_o heir_n males_n and_o with_o this_o conclusion_n i_o do_v here_o end_v my_o common_a law_n point_n and_o will_v now_o resort_v to_o the_o handle_n of_o my_o statute_n point_n the_o sewer_n be_v a_o court_n of_o justice_n i_o be_o desirous_a to_o attribute_v to_o this_o law_n all_o the_o honour_n and_o dignity_n which_o may_v in_o any_o sort_n belong_v to_o it_o and_o therefore_o i_o be_o unwilling_a to_o forget_v any_o thing_n which_o may_v material_o tend_v to_o the_o uphold_v and_o maintain_v thereof_o wherein_o among_o the_o rest_n and_o the_o chief_a of_o they_o all_o it_o be_v to_o prove_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n a_o court_n of_o justice_n i_o know_v some_o opinion_n have_v be_v to_o the_o contrary_a and_o hold_v that_o the_o commissioner_n have_v only_o the_o power_n of_o a_o commission_n and_o not_o any_o court_n and_o i_o suppose_v much_o may_v be_v say_v to_o maintain_v that_o opinion_n first_o because_o in_o expressis_fw-la terminis_fw-la there_o be_v no_o court_n ordain_v by_o this_o statute_n or_o by_o any_o other_o and_o without_o word_n express_v in_o the_o point_n they_o can_v have_v no_o court._n second_o by_o precedent_n in_o the_o like_a case_n it_o have_v be_v hold_v no_o court_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n 8_o report_n the_o king_n grant_v to_o the_o major_a and_o commonalty_n plenum_fw-la &_o integrum_fw-la scrutinium_fw-la gubernationem_fw-la london_n the_o case_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n &_o correctionem_fw-la omnium_fw-la &_o singularum_fw-la misteriarum_fw-la and_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o they_o have_v no_o court_n in_o this_o case_n because_o no_o court_n be_v grant_v to_o they_o by_o the_o patent_n as_o it_o be_v hold_v in_o doctor_n bonham_n case_n fol._n 119_o in_o the_o same_o report_n wherein_o the_o principal_a case_n there_o put_v sway_v the_o same_o way_n for_o there_o the_o physician_n have_v power_n to_o imprison_v and_o to_o fine_a offender_n yet_o they_o have_v not_o any_o court_n thereby_o and_o so_o if_o a_o commission_n issue_n out_o of_o the_o chancery_n to_o examine_v matter_n in_o a_o suit_n there_o depend_v and_o to_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n the_o same_o yet_o hereby_o these_o commissioner_n have_v not_o any_o court_n for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o commission_n be_v derive_v out_o of_o the_o proper_a power_n of_o the_o chancery_n which_o be_v the_o court_n for_o that_o cause_n eo_fw-la instant_n when_o it_o be_v in_o commission_n and_o one_o cause_o can_v uno_fw-la eodemque_fw-la tempore_fw-la depend_v in_o several_a court_n neither_o have_v the_o commissioner_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o bankrupt_n and_o charitable_a use_n any_o court_n nor_o the_o commissioner_n in_o the_o case_n of_o 1_o &_o 2_o eliz._n dier_n fol._n 175._o which_o have_v power_n to_o hear_v and_o determine_v the_o office_n of_o the_o exigenter_fw-la have_v not_o any_o court_n but_o only_o the_o power_n of_o a_o commission_n for_o in_o truth_n these_o be_v all_o of_o they_o rather_o ministerial_a then_o judicial_a commission_n and_o so_o a_o court_n be_v not_o proper_a to_o they_o yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v a_o eminent_a court_n of_o record_n it_o be_v true_a that_o court_n have_v their_o beginning_n in_o three_o sort_n first_o by_o prescription_n second_o by_o charter-grant_a from_o the_o crown_n and_o three_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1._o the_o court_n hundred_o and_o leet_n begin_v by_o custom_n and_o so_o do_v the_o eminent_a court_n of_o westminster-hall_n 2._o court_n in_o corporation_n most_o of_o they_o take_v their_o beginning_n by_o charter_n and_o 3._o the_o court_n of_o first_o fruit_n and_o ten_o and_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n and_o livery_n be_v erect_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o one_o in_o 32_o the_o other_o in_o 33_o hen._n 8._o but_o to_o bring_v the_o question_n near_a home_n to_o our_o statute_n of_o sewer_n which_o be_v but_o additamentum_fw-la legibus_fw-la antiquis_fw-la sewerarum_fw-la for_o they_o have_v be_v use_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o law_n though_o perhaps_o not_o know_v by_o that_o name_n and_o yet_o before_o the_o 6_o h._n 6._o they_o be_v know_v by_o that_o name_n as_o by_o the_o perusal_n of_o that_o statute_n may_v be_v collect_v and_o therefore_o for_o the_o cause_n and_o reason_n hereafter_o ensue_v i_o hold_v the_o same_o to_o be_v a_o court._n first_o for_o that_o the_o statute_n of_o 12_o ed._n 4._o cap._n 7._o and_o our_o very_a statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o call_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n 4._o 12_o ed._n 4._o justice_n and_o one_o can_v proper_o be_v a_o justice_n or_o a_o judge_n but_o in_o a_o court._n second_o here_o be_v legal_a proceed_n and_o process_n for_o this_o statute_n say_v that_o the_o commissioner_n may_v make_v and_o direct_v all_o writ_n precept_n warrant_n and_o other_o commandment_n to_o all_o sheriff_n bailiff_n and_o other_o minister_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o h._n 4._o cap._n 12._o have_v these_o word_n in_o it_o that_o he_o that_o think_v 4._o 1_o h._n 4._o himself_o grieve_a may_v pursue_v and_o he_o shall_v have_v right_a and_o where_o there_o be_v legal_a proceed_n and_o where_o party_n grieve_v may_v come_v in_o and_o have_v remedy_n for_o the_o wrong_n and_o injury_n do_v to_o they_o there_o be_v proper_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n to_o have_v they_o in_o but_o in_o doctor_n bonham_n case_v the_o physician_n have_v no_o legal_a proceed_n and_o therefore_o party_n grieve_v can_v have_v no_o remedy_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n they_o have_v not_o a_o court._n and_o three_o the_o chief_a reason_n wherefore_o i_o take_v it_o that_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v a_o court_n be_v because_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o ancient_a and_o renown_a court_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n which_o be_v and_o be_v a_o court_n of_o great_a esteem_n power_n and_o authority_n and_o so_o it_o be_v needless_a to_o erect_v a_o new_a court_n in_o this_o case_n as_o it_o be_v needful_a to_o erect_v and_o find_v the_o court_n of_o ward_n and_o first_o fruit_n the_o first_o will_v else_o have_v remain_v in_o the_o chancery_n to_o the_o which_o primary_o it_o do_v belong_v and_o the_o other_o be_v a_o new_a revenue_n and_o want_v a_o court_n to_o direct_v or_o
dispose_v of_o they_o four_o the_o commissioner_n have_v a_o clerk_n proper_a to_o themselves_o to_o register_n their_o law_n five_o the_o commissioner_n have_v power_n to_o make_v order_n and_o decree_n which_o be_v judgement_n in_o effect_n and_o some_o of_o they_o can_v be_v reverse_v but_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o last_o writ_n of_o error_n have_v be_v bring_v to_o reverse_v judgement_n give_v in_o that_o court_n for_o all_o which_o cause_n i_o do_v conclude_v that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v a_o court_n of_o record_n although_o it_o be_v not_o hold_v in_o aliquo_fw-la loco_fw-la certo_fw-la so_o be_v the_o king_n bench_n a_o court_n of_o more_o eminency_n than_o this_o but_o ubicunque_fw-la fuerimus_fw-la in_o angliae_fw-la and_o for_o express_v authority_n in_o the_o point_n of_o gregory_n case_n in_o the_o 6_o report_n of_o cook_n chief_a justice_n that_o the_o sewer_n be_v a_o court_n of_o record_n imprisonment_n impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n it_o be_v a_o point_n of_o high_a consequence_n whether_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n by_o these_o law_n to_o imprison_v the_o body_n of_o a_o man_n for_o any_o thing_n touch_v the_o same_o for_o that_o imprisonment_n of_o the_o body_n seem_v to_o sway_v somewhat_o against_o the_o grand_a charter_n of_o england_n and_o against_o the_o liberty_n of_o a_o freeborn_a subject_n and_o it_o be_v say_v in_o bonham_n case_n 28_o h._n 8._o in_o dyer_n that_o liberty_n be_v a_o thing_n which_o the_o law_n much_o favore_v and_o i_o find_v in_o our_o book_n of_o law_n that_o the_o judge_n have_v be_v very_o careful_a and_o curious_a in_o not_o extend_v word_n contain_v in_o charter_n to_o the_o imprisonment_n of_o man_n body_n unless_o they_o be_v express_v in_o the_o point_n and_o therefore_o in_o clerk_n case_n in_o sir_n ed._n cook_n 5_o report_n fol._n 64._o case_n clark_n case_n the_o case_n be_v that_o the_o term_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v at_o st._n alban_n and_o the_o major_a there_o and_o his_o brethren_n do_v assess_v every_o townsman_n towards_o erect_v and_o build_n of_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n and_o make_v a_o order_n that_o he_o which_o shall_v refuse_v to_o assist_v and_o pay_v shall_v be_v imprison_v and_o one_o be_v arrest_v and_o imprison_v bring_v his_o action_n of_o false_a imprisonment_n against_o the_o major_n who_o plead_v in_o effect_n that_o they_o be_v incorporate_a by_o king_n edward_n 6._o and_o have_v power_n grant_v to_o they_o in_o their_o alban_n major_a of_o st._n alban_n charter_n to_o make_v ordinance_n by_o reason_n whereof_o they_o make_v the_o say_a order_n and_o so_o justify_v the_o imprisonment_n but_o it_o be_v adjudge_v against_o the_o major_n for_o that_o by_o the_o say_a charter_n they_o have_v not_o any_o power_n to_o make_v a_o ordinance_n to_o imprison_v a_o man_n body_n for_o that_o be_v against_o the_o grand_a charter_n in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 29._o quod_fw-la nullus_fw-la libre_fw-la homo_fw-la imprisonetur_fw-la charta_fw-la magna_fw-la charta_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la but_o by_o that_o book_n they_o may_v have_v inflict_v a_o penalty_n and_o have_v distrain_v or_o bring_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n for_o it_o in_o doctor_n bonham_n case_n in_o the_o 8._o report_n king_n hen._n 8._o incorporate_v the_o physician_n of_o london_n and_o give_v they_o power_n by_o charter_n to_o examine_v the_o imperites_fw-la &_o to_o find_v out_o the_o defect_n et_fw-la pro_fw-la delictis_fw-la suis_fw-la in_o non_fw-la bene_fw-la exequendo_fw-la faciendo_fw-la &_o utendo_fw-la illos_fw-la per_fw-la punitionem_fw-la eorum_fw-la delinquentium_fw-la per_fw-la fine_n amerciamentum_fw-la &_o imprisonomentum_fw-la corporum_fw-la suorum_fw-la so_o hereby_o it_o appear_v that_o by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n they_o have_v power_n to_o imprison_v the_o body_n but_o i_o find_v their_o charter_n confirm_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n yet_o in_o 2_o eliz._n dier_n fol._n 175._o the_o case_n be_v that_o the_o queen_n do_v award_v a_o commission_n direct_v to_o certain_a commissioner_n to_o hear_v and_o determine_v the_o controversy_n betwixt_o scrog_n and_o colshil_n touch_v the_o office_n of_o the_o exigenter_fw-la and_o that_o if_o scrog_n shall_v refuse_v to_o obey_v to_o make_v answer_n before_o they_o they_o shall_v commit_v he_o to_o prison_n but_o the_o validity_n of_o this_o last_o commission_n i_o much_o doubt_n of_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o bankrupt_n and_o charitable_a use_n have_v no_o power_n to_o commit_v any_o man_n but_o if_o any_o abuse_n or_o misdemeanour_n be_v commit_v in_o contempt_n or_o derogation_n of_o their_o authority_n they_o may_v make_v certificate_n thereof_o into_o the_o chancery_n and_o refer_v the_o punishment_n thereof_o to_o the_o will_n and_o discretion_n of_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n or_o lord_n keeper_n for_o the_o time_n be_v in_o godfrey_n case_n in_o the_o 11_o report_n there_o be_v a_o discourse_n what_o case_n godfrey_n case_n court_n have_v power_n to_o imprison_v and_o which_o not_o and_o there_o it_o be_v say_v some_o court_n may_v fine_a but_o not_o imprison_v as_o the_o court_v leet_n and_o sheriff_n turn_v some_o other_o can_v neither_o fine_a nor_o imprison_v as_o court_n baron_n and_o county_n court_v and_o some_o can_v neither_o fine_a imprison_v nor_o amerce_v as_o ecclesiastical_a court_n and_o some_o may_v imprison_v and_o not_o fine_a as_o chief_a constable_n at_o their_o petty_a session_n for_o a_o affray_n do_v in_o disturbance_n of_o they_o and_o other_o court_n there_o be_v which_o may_v fine_a imprison_v and_o amerce_v as_o the_o eminent_a court_n of_o westminster_n so_o that_o imprisonment_n be_v not_o incident_a to_o every_o court_n nor_o to_o every_o offence_n yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n may_v imprison_v the_o body_n for_o it_o be_v not_o only_o a_o court_n of_o record_n but_o be_v authorize_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o i_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v word_n in_o the_o commission_n and_o statute_n which_o will_v bear_v this_o construction_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v viz._n and_o all_o such_o as_o you_o shall_v find_v negligent_a gainsay_v or_o rebel_n in_o the_o work_n reparation_n or_o reformation_n of_o the_o premise_n or_o negligent_a in_o the_o due_a execution_n of_o the_o commissioner_n that_o you_o compel_v they_o by_o distress_n fines_n and_o amerciament_n and_o by_o other_o punishment_n way_n or_o mean_n etc._n etc._n which_o word_n be_v strong_a and_o large_a enough_o to_o authorise_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n upon_o just_a cause_n to_o imprison_v the_o body_n but_o here_o they_o be_v to_o be_v careful_a and_o not_o to_o think_v that_o they_o may_v imprison_v fine_a or_o amerce_v in_o any_o case_n because_o the_o word_n be_v general_o put_v together_o but_o this_o construction_n must_v be_v thereof_o make_v that_o they_o may_v imprison_v where_o imprisonment_n be_v due_a and_o fine_a in_o case_n fineable_a and_o amerce_v in_o case_n amerciable_a and_o distrain_v where_o a_o distress_n proper_o lie_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n and_o they_o may_v not_o imprison_v where_o by_o the_o law_n imprisonment_n be_v not_o due_a but_o every_o one_o of_o the_o say_a punnishment_n be_v to_o be_v use_v in_o its_o proper_a kind_n for_o these_o word_n promiscuous_o put_v together_o must_v be_v order_v by_o a_o just_a and_o legal_a construction_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n and_o reason_n and_o i_o have_v know_v the_o word_n of_o a_o statute_n general_o and_o promiscuous_o put_v together_o have_v be_v marshal_v according_a to_o their_o distributive_a operation_n as_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o rich._n 3._o which_o be_v that_o all_o feoffment_n gift_n grant_n release_v and_o confirmation_n of_o land_n make_v by_o cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n shall_v be_v good_a yet_o though_o these_o word_n be_v general_o put_v together_o notwithstanding_o the_o wise_a and_o discreet_a sage_n and_o expositor_n of_o our_o law_n have_v so_o marshal_v the_o word_n of_o this_o statute_n that_o they_o make_v construction_n thereof_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n and_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n that_o be_v that_o cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n in_o possession_n may_v make_v a_o feoffment_n and_o that_o cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n in_o reversion_n or_o remainder_n may_v grant_v the_o land_n and_o cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n of_o a_o discontinue_v estate_n may_v release_v or_o confirm_v and_o yet_o the_o word_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v general_a howsoever_o reason_n must_v be_v the_o expositor_n that_o every_o thing_n be_v do_v in_o due_a form_n of_o law_n and_o not_o in_o preposterous_a manner_n and_o these_o matter_n be_v thus_o pass_v over_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v myself_o to_o declare_v in_o what_o case_n commissioner_n of_o sewer_n may_v imprison_v fine_a and_o amerce_v and_o where_o not_o imprisonment_n fine_a and_o amerciament_n fines_n if_o one_o
into_o his_o office_n and_o therefore_o the_o offence_n be_v great_a in_o he_o then_o in_o another_o man_n i_o have_v learn_v in_o book_n that_o a_o fine_a have_v these_o quality_n with_o it_o first_o the_o party_n in_o that_o case_n be_v imprisonable_a second_o the_o cause_n for_o which_o it_o be_v impose_v be_v not_o traversable_a be_v mere_o the_o act_n of_o the_o court_n but_o if_o it_o be_v impose_v upon_o a_o presentment_n find_v by_o jury_n than_o the_o cause_n be_v traversable_a three_o all_o fine_n ought_v to_o be_v assess_v abate_v or_o increase_v in_o plena_fw-la curia_fw-la and_o not_o elsewhere_o four_o every_o fine_a aught_o to_o be_v reasonable_a and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v put_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n in_o mind_n as_o the_o statute_n of_o 34_o ed._n 3._o cap_n 1._o do_v the_o justice_n of_o peace_n that_o those_o fine_n that_o they_o shall_v impose_v for_o any_o 3._o 34_o ed._n 3._o offence_n come_v before_o they_o shall_v be_v reasonable_a have_v respect_n to_o the_o quantity_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o offence_n for_o excessus_fw-la in_o re_fw-la qualibit_fw-la jure_fw-la reprobatur_fw-la communi_fw-la but_o because_o in_o godfry_n case_v it_o be_v say_v that_o commitment_n of_o the_o body_n to_o prison_n be_v incident_a to_o a_o fine_a as_o by_o a_o gapias_fw-la pro_fw-la fine_n also_o may_v be_v collect_v yet_o i_o hold_v it_o questionable_a whether_o the_o fine_a shall_v precede_v the_o commitment_n or_o the_o commitment_n the_o fine_a but_o for_o my_o own_o opinion_n i_o hold_v that_o this_o lie_v much_o in_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o i_o find_v case_n and_o precedent_n both_o way_n for_o in_o 41_o assiz_n plac_fw-la 12._o a_o officer_n be_v imprison_v quousque_fw-la finem_fw-la fecerit_fw-la where_o the_o imprisonment_n precede_v the_o fine_a and_o with_o this_o agree_v 7_o h._n 6._o fol._n 25._o 6._o 7_o h._n 6._o and_o in_o 33_o h._n 6._o fol._n 21._o one_o be_v fine_v and_o after_o imprison_v for_o it_o and_o there_o the_o fine_a do_v precede_v the_o imprisonment_n 6._o 33_o h._n 6._o but_o upon_o all_o these_o i_o take_v the_o law_n to_o be_v that_o if_o one_o be_v fine_v and_o this_o fine_a may_v be_v levy_v by_o the_o justice_n as_o justices_z of_o the_o peace_n may_v do_v but_o not_o justice_n of_o sewer_n there_o the_o imprisonment_n may_v be_v quousque_fw-la finem_fw-la fecit_fw-la because_o the_o fine_a be_v leviable_a by_o they_o but_o the_o law_n be_v not_o so_o of_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n because_o they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o levy_v but_o to_o extreat_v the_o fine_n into_o the_o king_n exchequer_n howsoever_o one_o before_o they_o may_v be_v both_o imprison_v and_o fine_v diversis_fw-la tamen_fw-la respectibus_fw-la the_o one_o for_o the_o wrong_n do_v the_o other_o for_o the_o contempt_n or_o disobedience_n to_o the_o court_n as_o for_o example_n if_o one_o refuse_v to_o be_v a_o collector_n he_o be_v finable_a to_o the_o king_n because_o hereby_o the_o commonweal_n be_v without_o a_o officer_n and_o he_o may_v also_o be_v imprison_v for_o disobey_v the_o justice_n command_n and_o yet_o in_o my_o opinion_n it_o lie_v much_o if_o not_o altogether_o in_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o commissioner_n to_o impose_v or_o inflict_v both_o the_o say_a punishment_n or_o one_o of_o they_o at_o their_o pleasure_n be_v not_o therein_o precise_o limit_v by_o this_o statute_n amerciament_n amerciament_n be_v not_o so_o grievous_a as_o fine_n be_v for_o they_o be_v derive_v of_o the_o word_n miserecordia_fw-la which_o signify_v moderation_n &_o mercy_n and_o to_o that_o end_n be_v the_o writ_n in_o the_o register_n moderata_fw-la miserecordia_fw-la devise_v where_o one_o be_v outrageous_o ameree_v he_o may_v be_v relieve_v by_o sue_v forth_o that_o writ_n which_o write_v and_o the_o law_n in_o that_o case_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o grand_a charter_n charta_fw-la magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap_n 14._o quod_fw-la nullus_fw-la libre_fw-la homo_fw-la amercietur_fw-la nisi_fw-la secundum_fw-la quantitatem_fw-la delicti_fw-la and_o that_o none_o of_o the_o say_a amerciament_n be_v impose_v sed_fw-la per_fw-la juramentum_fw-la legalium_fw-la hominum_fw-la de_fw-la viceneto_fw-la glanvil_n in_o his_o book_n say_v est_fw-la autem_fw-la miserecordia_fw-la domini_fw-la glauvil_n glauvil_n regis_fw-la qua_fw-la quis_fw-la per_fw-la juramentum_fw-la legalium_fw-la hominum_fw-la de_fw-la viceneto_fw-la eatenus_fw-la amerciand_n '_o est_fw-fr and_o fleta_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 48._o say_v quod_fw-la fleta_n fleta_n libre_fw-la home_n non_fw-la amercietur_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la parium_fw-la suorum_fw-la and_o with_o these_o agree_v bracton_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 1._o and_o fitz._n nat._n breed_v fol._n 72._o and_o if_o the_o steward_n set_v a_o amerciament_n upon_o a_o bracton_n bracton_n man_n on_o his_o own_o head_n it_o be_v void_a by_o which_o authority_n it_o plain_o appear_v that_o amerciament_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v by_o a_o jury_n or_o by_o the_o oath_n of_o good_a and_o lawful_a man_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v heretofore_o much_o marvel_v when_o sometime_o i_o have_v see_v justice_n of_o sewer_n take_v upon_o they_o to_o set_v down_o amerciament_n without_o assistance_n of_o the_o jury_n which_o act_n of_o they_o be_v direct_o against_o the_o say_a great_a charter_n of_o england_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o say_a authority_n of_o law_n so_o that_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n between_o the_o impose_v of_o fine_n which_o be_v do_v by_o the_o justice_n and_o amerciament_n which_o be_v by_o jury_n or_o otherwise_o per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la parium_fw-la so_o be_v there_o great_a diversity_n between_o the_o offence_n of_o the_o one_o kind_n and_o the_o other_o for_o if_o one_o do_v suffer_v a_o wall_n bank_n or_o other_o work_n of_o sewer_n to_o fall_v into_o decay_n for_o want_v of_o repair_v which_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o maintain_v by_o frontage_n tenure_n custom_n or_o covenant_n he_o be_v in_o this_o case_n to_o be_v amerce_v therefore_o and_o so_o if_o one_o be_v bind_v by_o any_o of_o the_o say_a tie_n to_o repair_v a_o bridge_n calcey_n goat_n getty_n sluice_n or_o to_o cleanse_v a_o river_n if_o the_o same_o by_o his_o neglect_n be_v leave_v undo_v or_o unrepaired_a he_o be_v therefore_o amerceable_a so_o if_o one_o be_v present_v for_o cast_v dirt_n sand_n ballast_n or_o other_o annoyance_n into_o the_o river_n or_o stream_n or_o for_o dig_v down_o the_o bank_n or_o for_o pull_v down_o the_o wall_n thereof_o if_o the_o presentment_n do_v not_o express_v the_o same_o to_o be_v do_v with_o force_n or_o therein_o be_v want_v the_o word_n purpresture_n the_o party_n present_v be_v then_o but_o amerceable_a therefore_o so_o when_o one_o be_v tie_v to_o cleanse_v the_o river_n for_o passage_n of_o boat_n and_o ballanger_n or_o for_o the_o drain_n of_o the_o water_n if_o he_o suffer_v sand-bed_n to_o lie_v and_o choke_v up_o the_o channel_n he_o be_v amerceable_a and_o not_o fineable_a therefore_o for_o no_o permission_n sufferance_n neglect_n or_o nonfeasan_n can_v be_v find_v to_o be_v by_o force_n because_o they_o consist_v not_o in_o agendo_fw-la &_o sic_fw-la in_o similibus_fw-la casibus_fw-la yet_o some_o case_n follow_v fall_n out_o of_o these_o rule_v pro_fw-la ut_fw-la sequuntur_fw-la as_o if_o the_o violence_n of_o water_n be_v so_o great_a either_o by_o break_v in_o of_o the_o sea_n in_o a_o extraordinary_a manner_n or_o by_o a_o sudden_a flood_n or_o inundation_n of_o fresh_a water_n after_o a_o rain_n that_o thereby_o the_o defence_n be_v break_v down_o or_o cause_v sand-bed_n or_o other_o nuisance_n to_o be_v these_o be_v present_v no_o man_n be_v amerceable_a therefore_o because_o the_o same_o can_v not_o have_v be_v prevent_v by_o policy_n nor_o resist_v by_o strength_n in_o 42_o lib._n assiz_n plac_fw-la 15._o a_o presentment_n be_v that_o i._o s._n ass_n 42_o lib._n ass_n have_v suffer_v tree_n to_o grow_v into_o the_o water_n and_o lay_v in_o the_o stream_n by_o reason_n whereof_o ship_n be_v hinder_v in_o their_o passage_n and_o there_o be_v a_o writ_n award_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n to_o remove_v the_o nusans_a but_o knivet_n justice_n say_v there_o that_o i._o s._n shall_v not_o be_v amerce_v because_o the_o nusan_o be_v no_o act_n of_o he_o but_o the_o tree_n grow_v so_o natural_o of_o themselves_o but_o perhaps_o it_o will_v be_v object_v to_o i_o can_v no_o amerciament_n be_v set_v but_o by_o a_o jury_n or_o by_o the_o oath_n of_o twelve_o man_n yes_o i_o be_o opinion_n it_o may_v be_v do_v by_o the_o presentment_n of_o the_o surveyor_n of_o the_o sewer_n for_o that_o be_v per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la parium_fw-la as_o the_o law_n appoint_v and_o in_o a_o nonsuit_n we_o see_v daily_o that_o in_o such_o case_n the_o plaintiff_n be_v to_o be_v amerce_v and_o this_o amerciament_n shall_v be_v assess_v by_o the_o coroner_n of_o the_o county_n as_o appear_v in_o greisleys_n
debtor_n good_n for_o nonpayment_n of_o his_o sesse_v and_o it_o be_v consonant_a to_o other_o law_n also_o in_o another_o part_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v use_v these_o word_n and_o the_o clerk_n by_o the_o commissioner_n to_o be_v assign_v to_o have_v two_o shilling_n per_fw-la diem_fw-la of_o the_o rate_n tax_n lot_n and_o waive_n as_o shall_v be_v assess_v or_o lose_v by_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n to_o be_v levy_v or_o pay_v by_o their_o discretion_n and_o so_o it_o seem_v by_o the_o very_a express_a letter_n of_o this_o law_n the_o tax_n sess_v and_o rate_n may_v be_v levy_v by_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o commissioner_n which_o if_o they_o please_v may_v be_v by_o sale_n of_o the_o offender_n good_n and_o in_o many_o part_n of_o this_o starute_n the_o justice_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n to_o make_v law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n which_o be_v do_v according_a to_o reason_n shall_v be_v hold_v for_o firm_a and_o inviolable_a and_o therefore_o upon_o just_a cause_n in_o my_o opinion_n the_o commissioner_n may_v make_v a_o law_n or_o ordinance_n for_o the_o sale_n of_o good_n in_o furtherance_n of_o this_o service_n and_o this_o be_v a_o law_n which_o tend_v so_o much_o to_o the_o service_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o be_v so_o profitable_a and_o commodious_a for_o the_o same_o it_o be_v therefore_o good_a reason_n to_o extend_v the_o same_o and_o the_o exposition_n thereof_o as_o far_o as_o the_o letter_n and_o intent_n of_o the_o letter_n shall_v reach_v which_o may_v be_v as_o far_o as_o shall_v stand_v with_o reason_n and_o rule_n of_o other_o law_n statute_n custom_n and_o usage_n of_o other_o court_n which_o have_v power_n in_o sale_n of_o good_n in_o cause_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v not_o altogether_o without_o precedent_n for_o in_o the_o charter_n of_o romney_n marsh_n pag._n 36_o &_o 37._o marsh_n ch._n romney_n marsh_n it_o be_v say_v in_o these_o word_n in_o a_o debate_n between_o hamo_fw-la and_o godfrey_n et_fw-la predictus_fw-la hamo_fw-la concessit_fw-la prose_n &_o aliis_fw-la quod_fw-la computabit_fw-la cor_fw-la '_o vigint_fw-fr '_o quatuor_fw-la jurat_fw-la '_o elect_n '_o de_fw-la patria_fw-la super_fw-la districtionibus_fw-la &_o averiis_fw-la cap_a '_o predicti_fw-la godfredi_n pro_fw-la predict_v '_o walliis_fw-la &_o watergangiis_fw-la repar_fw-la '_o ab_fw-la initio_fw-la istius_fw-la placiti_fw-la usque_fw-la nunc_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o districtiones_fw-la illas_fw-la secundum_fw-la quantitatem_fw-la portionis_fw-la sibi_fw-la contingent_a interim_n pro_fw-la predict_v '_o walliis_fw-la &_o watergangiis_fw-la reparandum_fw-la sicut_fw-la predict_v '_o est_fw-la per_fw-la predict_v '_o districtiones_fw-la quod_fw-la idem_fw-la hamo_fw-la &_o alii_fw-la satisfacient_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la quod_fw-la injunctum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la per_fw-la predicti_fw-la comput_fw-la '_o inter_fw-la eos_fw-la de_fw-fr surplusagio_fw-it recepto_fw-la de_fw-la averiis_fw-la venditis_fw-la predict_v '_o godfredi_n occasione_n predict_v '_o hereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o hamo_fw-la the_o bailiff_n sell_v the_o cattle_n of_o godfrey_n to_o make_v the_o repair_v of_o the_o wall_n and_o the_o watergange_n and_o our_o statute_n give_v power_n to_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n to_o do_v after_o the_o custom_n of_o romney_n marsh_n which_o by_o this_o precedent_n former_o vouch_v warrant_v the_o sale_n of_o good_n yet_o herein_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o bailiff_n which_o distrain_v not_o exit_fw-la osficio_fw-la without_o a_o special_a warrant_n first_o direct_v to_o they_o for_o that_o purpose_n from_o the_o commissioner_n make_v sale_n of_o good_n distrain_v for_o a_o lay_v tax_n or_o a_o sesse_n of_o sewer_n and_o i_o take_v it_o it_o be_v a_o good_a warrant_n for_o the_o commissioner_n to_o make_v a_o advise_v special_a law_n of_o sewer_n for_o sale_n of_o good_n distrain_v upon_o a_o just_a occasion_n before_o they_o direct_v any_o warrant_n exit_fw-la subito_fw-la to_o the_o bailiff_n or_o for_o any_o such_o purpose_n but_o now_o herein_o follow_v a_o matter_n of_o some_o consequence_n and_o worthy_a the_o handle_n that_o if_o by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n good_n may_v be_v sell_v towards_o the_o repair_n of_o these_o work_n as_o in_o my_o opinion_n they_o may_v than_o who_o good_n may_v be_v sell_v be_v the_o question_n next_o to_o be_v decide_v wherein_o to_o be_v brief_a i_o be_o firm_a of_o opinion_n that_o no_o good_n can_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v sell_v by_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n but_o only_o the_o proper_a good_n of_o the_o party_n sess_v and_o tax_v though_o the_o good_n and_o chattel_n of_o other_o man_n be_v levant_n and_o couchant_a on_o the_o ground_n sess_v to_o the_o repair_v for_o i_o hold_v it_o not_o consonant_a to_o reason_n nor_o that_o it_o stand_v with_o any_o rule_n of_o law_n that_o the_o good_n and_o chattel_n of_o a_o stranger_n shall_v be_v absolute_o take_v away_o from_o he_o and_o sell_v for_o the_o debt_n and_o default_n of_o another_o man_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n the_o case_n put_v in_o the_o 3_o eliz._n dier_n fol._n 199._o may_v fit_o be_v apply_v to_o this_o point_n where_o eliz._n 3_o eliz._n a_o custom_n be_v allege_v for_o a_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n to_o have_v and_o take_v the_o best_a which_o his_o tenant_n have_v at_o his_o death_n and_o if_o such_o best_a beast_n shall_v be_v esloyn_v that_o then_o he_o may_v have_v and_o take_v the_o best_a beast_n of_o any_o other_o levant_n and_o couchant_a upon_o the_o land_n and_o this_o be_v adjudge_v a_o void_a custom_n as_o to_o the_o good_n of_o a_o stranger_n to_o be_v make_v subject_n to_o such_o a_o forfeiture_n thus_o far_o i_o have_v pursue_v my_o argument_n in_o discourse_v upon_o these_o distress_n and_o touch_v such_o matter_n as_o do_v depend_v thereon_o because_o in_o my_o experience_n i_o have_v find_v they_o the_o ready_a part_n of_o the_o execution_n of_o these_o law_n and_o i_o have_v heretofore_o behold_v much_o enormous_a proceed_n therein_o both_o in_o the_o commissioner_n and_o in_o their_o officer_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v it_o very_o needful_a to_o have_v treat_v thereon_o for_o their_o better_a direction_n in_o these_o affair_n hereafter_o replevin_n yet_o as_o i_o find_v distress_n to_o be_v the_o most_o useful_a execution_n of_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n so_o i_o have_v see_v the_o proceed_n therein_o much_o stay_v and_o interrupt_v by_o the_o usual_a sue_n of_o replevin_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o say_v distress_n take_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o these_o law_n have_v be_v set_v at_o liberty_n and_o the_o work_n of_o sewer_n have_v be_v much_o let_v and_o hinder_v thereby_o and_o therefore_o the_o five_o point_n in_o my_o case_n do_v minister_v a_o good_a occasion_n to_o enter_v into_o the_o serious_a examination_n of_o they_o and_o now_o my_o intent_n be_v to_o declare_v in_o what_o case_n a_o replevin_n do_v lie_v and_o where_o not_o and_o sure_o this_o point_n have_v heretofore_o be_v much_o stir_v in_o and_o not_o without_o some_o cause_n for_o the_o very_a statute_n seem_v to_o allow_v of_o replevin_n in_o these_o word_n viz._n that_o if_o any_o action_n of_o trespass_n or_o any_o other_o action_n shall_v be_v attempt_v against_o any_o person_n for_o take_v any_o distress_n or_o for_o any_o other_o thing_n concern_v the_o law_n of_o sewer_n that_o the_o defendant_n in_o such_o action_n may_v make_v avowry_n cognisance_n or_o justification_n for_o the_o take_n of_o the_o say_a distress_n trespass_n or_o other_o act_n whereof_o the_o plaintiff_n complain_v be_v do_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n for_o a_o lot_n or_o tax_n assess_v by_o the_o say_a commission_n or_o for_o other_o such_o act_n or_o cause_n as_o the_o defendant_n do_v by_o the_o say_a commission_n and_o in_o what_o action_n can_v a_o man_n so_o proper_o make_v his_o avowry_n cognisance_n or_o justification_n as_o in_o a_o replevin_n be_v a_o word_n only_o apt_a for_o that_o action_n and_o a_o distress_n be_v de_fw-fr sva_fw-la natura_fw-la proper_o replevisable_v by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o for_o direct_v authority_n in_o the_o point_n it_o appear_v in_o rook_n case_n that_o a_o replevin_n be_v there_o sue_v for_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o distress_n take_v by_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n but_o i_o must_v here_o distinguish_v for_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n a_o replevin_n do_v not_o lie_v nor_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v grant_v from_o the_o sheriff_n or_o any_o of_o his_o deputy_n for_o that_o the_o sewer_n be_v a_o judicial_a court_n of_o record_n &_o of_o great_a authority_n than_o the_o power_n of_o the_o sheriff_n which_o in_o these_o case_n be_v but_o ministerial_a and_o the_o high_a authority_n that_o he_o have_v be_v but_o vicontiel_n which_o be_v much_o inferior_a to_o the_o power_n of_o this_o commission_n and_o therefore_o the_o sheriff_n
be_v not_o of_o sufficient_a power_n to_o supercede_v a_o court_n of_o high_a power_n yet_o if_o one_o sue_v a_o replevin_n which_o afterward_o in_o bank_n be_v abate_v and_o a_o return_n of_o the_o cattle_n there_o award_v another_o replevin_n do_v lie_v by_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o book_n of_o 34_o h._n 6._o fol._n 37._o and_o so_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n cap._n 2._o but_o these_o new_a replevin_n come_v out_o of_o the_o 6._o 34_o h._n 6._o say_a court_n where_o the_o former_a be_v for_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o the_o sheriff_n can_v make_v deliverance_n by_o his_o warrant_n of_o cattle_n contrary_a to_o the_o award_n and_o return_v of_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n in_o a_o retorno_n habendo_fw-la and_o therefore_o by_o the_o same_o statute_n of_o secunda_n deliberatione_n be_v now_o to_o be_v award_v out_o of_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o court_n whence_o the_o retorno_n habendo_fw-la come_n and_o if_o one_o will_v resemble_v this_o case_n with_o other_o authority_n and_o with_o the_o reason_n of_o other_o book_n case_n of_o the_o law_n it_o will_v be_v make_v thereby_o apparent_a that_o the_o high_a court_n may_v take_v or_o remove_v a_o cause_n out_o of_o the_o inferior_a court_n but_o not_o econtra_fw-la neither_o can_v the_o inferior_a court_n supersede_n the_o superior_a for_o if_o one_o be_v implead_v in_o the_o king_n court_n at_o westminster_n and_o in_o come_v towards_o london_n he_o be_v arrest_v in_o a_o corporation_n court_n he_o may_v be_v deliver_v thence_o by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o superior_a court_n to_o the_o which_o he_o be_v attendant_a &_o the_o power_n of_o the_o inferior_a court_n shall_v be_v supercede_v thereby_o as_o the_o law_n be_v declare_v in_o divers_a of_o our_o book_n by_o the_o which_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o one_o person_n be_v in_o the_o privilege_n and_o protection_n of_o the_o king_n court_n can_v not_o just_o be_v imprison_v by_o the_o power_n of_o a_o inferior_a court_n and_o in_o stringfellows_n case_n in_o 3_o ed._n 6._o dier_n fol._n 67._o the_o good_n of_o one_o be_v seize_v by_o the_o 6._o 3_o ed._n 6._o sheriff_n by_o process_n out_o of_o the_o chancery_n for_o a_o subject_a and_o after_o seizure_n and_o before_o delivery_n thereof_o be_v make_v a_o writ_n of_o prerogative_n come_v out_o of_o the_o exchequer_n rehearse_v thereby_o that_o the_o king_n be_v to_o be_v serve_v before_o any_o other_o and_o command_v the_o sheriff_n to_o levy_v the_o same_o on_o the_o good_n of_o the_o same_o debtor_n and_o whether_o these_o good_n that_o lay_v under_o the_o power_n of_o a_o process_n in_o one_o court_n may_v be_v take_v from_o thence_o by_o the_o power_n of_o another_o court_n be_v the_o question_n and_o the_o better_a opinion_n therein_o as_o i_o take_v it_o be_v that_o they_o can_v not_o for_o that_o by_o the_o former_a process_n they_o be_v privilege_v from_o all_o other_o jurisdiction_n power_n and_o authority_n especial_o if_o they_o be_v of_o a_o inferior_a degree_n yet_o there_o be_v two_o case_n which_o not_o be_v curious_o look_v into_o make_v show_v as_o if_o the_o law_n be_v otherwise_o the_o one_o be_v in_o the_o 11_o h._n 4._o fol._n 2._o where_o the_o good_n of_o i._o s._n be_v take_v in_o execution_n by_o the_o sheriff_n by_o a_o fieri_fw-la facias_fw-la which_o come_v out_o of_o 4._o 11_o h._n 4._o the_o king_n court_n of_o westminster_n and_o the_o sheriff_n sell_v they_o to_o i._o d._n and_o there_o be_v a_o replevin_n sue_v in_o that_o case_n but_o no_o deliverance_n make_v of_o the_o cattle_n in_o court_n and_o the_o other_o case_n be_v in_o 7_o h._n 4._o fol._n 28._o good_n be_v take_v by_o a_o levy_n which_o issue_v out_o of_o a_o court_n baron_fw-fr and_o they_o be_v sell_v by_o the_o 4._o 7_o h._n 4._o bailiff_n &_o there_o be_v also_o a_o replevin_n sue_v but_o no_o deliverance_n make_v of_o the_o cattle_n in_o court_n neither_o will_v the_o court_n order_v the_o defendant_n to_o gage_v deliverance_n so_o that_o by_o these_o two_o case_n it_o may_v seem_v what_o a_o replevin_n do_v lie_v though_o another_o court_n have_v former_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o cattle_n take_v by_o the_o distress_n but_o under_o favour_n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v easy_o reconcile_v these_o book_n and_o shall_v make_v it_o to_o appear_v that_o they_o do_v not_o make_v against_o my_o opinion_n former_o deliver_v upon_o this_o diversity_n that_o when_o the_o good_n be_v seize_v or_o take_v by_o process_n and_o remain_v by_o the_o virtue_n thereof_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o sheriff_n or_o of_o his_o bailiff_n during_o that_o time_n no_o replevin_n do_v lie_v in_o the_o case_n but_o after_o such_o time_n as_o the_o good_n or_o cattle_n be_v sell_v away_o as_o in_o the_o say_v two_o case_n former_o allege_v they_o be_v then_o against_o the_o party_n that_o buy_v they_o or_o any_o other_o a_o replevin_n do_v lie_v in_o the_o case_n for_o after_o the_o sale_n they_o be_v out_o of_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o former_a party_n and_o then_o a_o replevin_n may_v well_o take_v hold_v of_o they_o be_v out_o of_o all_o other_o jurisdiction_n and_o the_o same_o difference_n i_o take_v in_o this_o case_n of_o the_o sewer_n that_o be_v that_o so_o long_o as_o good_n distrain_v by_o warrant_n and_o process_n out_o of_o this_o court_n of_o sewer_n remain_v in_o the_o custody_n thereof_o they_o be_v not_o replevisable_v by_o the_o warrant_n of_o the_o sheriff_n or_o of_o his_o deputy_n but_o after_o they_o be_v sell_v away_o then_o by_o the_o sale_n thereof_o they_o be_v out_o of_o the_o protection_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o court_n of_o sewer_n and_o then_o the_o sheriff_n may_v cause_v they_o to_o be_v deliver_v by_o replevin_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v object_v unto_o i_o that_o in_o rook_n case_n a_o replevin_n be_v take_v against_o he_o which_o detain_v the_o distress_n by_o warrant_n of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n it_o be_v true_a the_o book_n be_v so_o which_o case_n i_o admit_v and_o that_o the_o replevin_n be_v well_o grant_v there_o yet_o i_o take_v it_o it_o do_v not_o contradict_v my_o say_a opinion_n because_o there_o carter_n be_v assess_v but_o the_o good_n of_o rook_n be_v take_v and_o detain_v for_o the_o sesse_n and_o rook_n do_v sue_v the_o replevin_n which_o he_o may_v well_o do_v because_o against_o he_o or_o his_o good_n there_o be_v not_o any_o law_n of_o sewer_n extant_a or_o in_o force_n neither_o be_v he_o or_o his_o good_n within_o the_o privilege_n or_o jurisdiction_n of_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n but_o if_o carter_n cattle_n have_v be_v take_v who_o be_v the_o very_a party_n sess_v he_o can_v have_v have_v no_o replevin_n from_o the_o sheriff_n or_o his_o deputy_n to_o deliver_v his_o cattle_n but_o although_o a_o replevin_n do_v not_o lie_v in_o the_o case_n aforesaid_a from_o the_o sheriff_n or_o his_o deputy_n exit_fw-la officio_fw-la to_o deliver_v a_o distress_n of_o sewer_n yet_o out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n at_o westminster_n a_o replevin_n do_v lie_v in_o those_o case_n and_o the_o charter_n of_o romney_n marsh_n pag._n 18._o do_v afford_v we_o in_o this_o marsh_n ch_z romney_n marsh_n case_n a_o very_a good_a precedent_n for_o there_o complaint_n be_v make_v to_o the_o king_n set_v forth_o thereby_o that_o whereas_o his_o highness_n have_v appoint_v and_o authorize_v henry_n de_fw-fr bathonia_n to_o be_v his_o justice_n and_o to_o determine_v the_o difference_n depend_v and_o touch_v the_o repair_n of_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o say_a marsh_n he_o have_v ordain_v that_o distress_n may_v be_v take_v according_a to_o the_o 24._o jurator_n it_o a_o quod_fw-la nullus_fw-la vicecome_v aut_fw-la alius_fw-la balivus_fw-la noster_fw-la intromittat_fw-la in_o districtionibus_fw-la illis_fw-la tu_fw-la tamen_fw-la mean_v the_o sheriff_n of_o kent_n nihilominus_fw-la districtiones_fw-la illas_fw-la propter_fw-la hoc_fw-la factum_fw-la per_fw-la vigint_fw-la quatuor_fw-la juratores_fw-la in_o prejudicio_fw-la considerationis_fw-la eorundem_fw-la reluxasti_fw-la tibi_fw-la igitur_fw-la precipimus_fw-la quod_fw-la districtionibus_fw-la illis_fw-la in_o nullo_n te_fw-la intromittas_fw-la and_o in_o the_o same_o charter_n the_o like_a matter_n be_v there_o also_o so_o determine_v of_o pag._n 7._o by_o the_o which_o may_v be_v collect_v that_o the_o sheriff_n exit_fw-la officio_fw-la may_v not_o meddle_v with_o such_o distress_n and_o in_o the_o same_o charter_n pag._n 8._o the_o word_n be_v further_o quod_fw-la siquis_fw-la de_fw-la consideratione_n predict_v '_o districtionis_fw-la se_fw-la injust_a gravat_fw-la '_o sentiret_fw-la &_o inde_fw-la conqueri_fw-la vellet_fw-la ad_fw-la ipsum_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la querelam_fw-la svam_fw-la deferret_fw-la &_o ipse_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la sva_fw-la justiciam_fw-la fieri_fw-la facere_fw-la reservasset_fw-la whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o a_o replevin_n lie_v
the_o word_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v sufficient_a to_o yield_v the_o party_n the_o benefit_n of_o a_o traverse_v if_o there_o be_v cause_n and_o for_o precedent_n in_o the_o point_n chart._n of_o romney_n marsh_n pag._n 23_o and_o 24._o one_o godfrey_n marsh_n ro._n marsh_n be_v present_v that_o he_o ought_v to_o repair_v a_o bank_n or_o wall_n and_o that_o he_o do_v neglect_v to_o do_v the_o same_o and_o he_o come_v in_o and_o plead_v a_o plea_n thereto_o before_o the_o say_a commissioner_n and_o in_o 19_o lib._n assiz_n plac_fw-la 6._o there_o be_v divers_a presentment_n before_o commissioner_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n for_o nuisance_n do_v in_o the_o river_n of_o lee_n and_o the_o same_o be_v there_o traverse_v and_o try_v and_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o h._n 4._o cap._n 12._o 4._o 1_o h._n 4._o do_v plain_o admit_v of_o a_o traverse_v wherein_o the_o word_n be_v that_o in_o case_n if_o any_o feel_v himself_o grieve_v by_o execution_n or_o otherwise_o against_o right_n and_o reason_n let_v he_o pursue_v and_o he_o shall_v have_v right_a but_o i_o very_o suppose_v that_o those_o thing_n which_o the_o justice_n of_o sewer_n do_v by_o their_o view_n or_o by_o survey_n and_o discretion_n be_v so_o bind_v as_o in_o those_o case_n no_o traverse_n be_v to_o be_v admit_v because_o these_o thing_n be_v mere_o the_o act_n of_o the_o court_n and_o of_o the_o justice_n themselves_o and_o if_o they_o fine_a a_o man_n for_o his_o contempt_n in_o court_n by_o a_o record_n of_o their_o own_o view_n and_o not_o upon_o a_o presentment_n the_o party_n shall_v not_o be_v receive_v to_o traverse_n this_o and_o in_o doctor_n bonham_n case_v it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o act_n of_o a_o judge_n be_v not_o traversable_a if_o he_o be_v the_o absolute_a judge_n of_o the_o cause_n but_o in_o case_n do_v or_o certify_v by_o such_o as_o be_v no_o absolute_a judge_n of_o the_o cause_n as_o commissioner_n of_o bankrupt_n which_o certify_v one_o a_o bankrupt_a he_o may_v traverse_v this_o in_o a_o action_n bring_v as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o case_n of_o cut_n and_o delaber_n in_o 7_o jac._n in_o the_o jac._n cut_a and_o delaber_n 7_o jac._n common_a place_n and_o vernies_n case_n 1_o mar._n dier_n fol._n 89._o no_o averment_n can_v be_v take_v to_o the_o certificate_n of_o a_o judge_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v 7_o h._n 7._o fol._n 4._o 7._o 7_o h._n 7._o but_o although_o a_o traverse_n may_v be_v take_v to_o a_o presentment_n in_o the_o court_n of_o sewer_n yet_o time_n and_o season_n must_v be_v observe_v for_o if_o a_o presentment_n be_v there_o make_v it_o may_v be_v traverse_v for_o the_o reason_n cause_n &_o precedent_n former_o mention_v yet_o if_o the_o cause_n have_v be_v there_o so_o far_o proceed_v in_o as_o the_o commissioner_n make_v a_o decree_n thereupon_o i_o take_v it_o then_o no_o traverse_n at_o all_o can_v be_v take_v because_o a_o decree_n be_v the_o final_a judgement_n of_o the_o court_n and_o be_v a_o act_n judicial_a which_o can_v be_v traverse_v and_o try_v by_o a_o jury_n for_o that_o be_v to_o refer_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o court_n to_o be_v examine_v by_o a_o jury_n which_o may_v not_o be_v admit_v and_o at_o the_o common_a law_n after_o judgement_n no_o traverse_n can_v be_v take_v and_o if_o one_o be_v indict_v at_o the_o general_a session_n of_o the_o peace_n this_o be_v traversable_a but_o if_o the_o party_n suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v outlaw_v upon_o the_o say_a indictment_n there_o no_o traverse_n lie_v but_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n so_o if_o in_o our_o session_n of_o the_o sewer_n the_o cause_n proceed_v to_o a_o decree_n the_o party_n grieve_v be_v to_o take_v his_o way_n by_o prefer_v a_o bill_n of_o reversal_n in_o manner_n as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o high_a court_n of_o chancery_n and_o so_o he_o may_v have_v the_o cause_n here_o thorough_o examine_v other_o legal_a proceed_n the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o give_v the_o legal_a proceed_n be_v these_o viz._n that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n may_v hear_v and_o determine_v all_o and_o singular_a the_o premise_n as_o well_o at_o our_o suit_n as_o at_o the_o suit_n of_o any_o other_o complain_v before_o they_o after_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n aforesaid_a or_o otherwise_o by_o any_o other_o way_n or_o mean_n these_o word_n give_v the_o party_n remedy_n to_o sue_v before_o the_o justice_n of_o sewer_n for_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v contain_v within_o these_o law_n and_o which_o have_v their_o dependency_n thereon_o in_o colshils_n case_n in_o dier_n fol._n 175._o the_o party_n prefer_v his_o case_n colshils_n case_n bill_n of_o complaint_n to_o the_o commissioner_n contain_v the_o effect_n of_o his_o title_n to_o the_o office_n in_o question_n and_o these_o be_v special_a commissioner_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n justice_n of_o the_o general_a oyer_n and_o terminer_n may_v hear_v and_o determine_v usury_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 13_o eliz._n cap._n 8._o yet_o if_o i._o s._n be_v bind_v eliz._n 13_o eliz._n in_o a_o bond_n of_o ten_o pound_n principal_a debt_n and_o for_o forty_o shilling_n for_o interest_n although_o this_o bond_n be_v for_o payment_n for_o usury_n yet_o a_o action_n of_o debt_n do_v not_o lie_v thereupon_o before_o the_o say_a commissioner_n but_o a_o information_n may_v be_v prefer_v against_o the_o lender_n there_o to_o punish_v he_o so_o by_o our_o statute_n of_o sewer_n a_o action_n of_o trespass_n lie_v not_o for_o a_o trespass_n do_v within_o the_o reach_n of_o this_o commission_n yet_o distinguendum_fw-la est_fw-la for_o put_v the_o case_n a_o sesse_v be_v lay_v upon_o a_o man_n and_o the_o good_n of_o i._o s._n not_o chargeable_a thereto_o be_v take_v and_o distrain_v who_o be_v not_o chargeable_a to_o the_o payment_n thereof_o i._n s._n in_o my_o opnion_n though_o this_o case_n have_v but_o the_o countenance_n of_o this_o commission_n may_v have_v his_o action_n or_o prefer_v his_o complaint_n before_o the_o commissioner_n in_o this_o court_n of_o sewer_n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o his_o damage_n and_o although_o this_o be_v but_o a_o private_a action_n yet_o the_o distress_n be_v take_v by_o a_o authority_n draw_v from_o the_o power_n of_o this_o commission_n the_o party_n distrain_v may_v have_v his_o remedy_n in_o this_o court_n by_o his_o private_a action_n because_o it_o spring_v by_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o general_a power_n of_o this_o court_n if_o a._n b._n have_v a_o several_a pischary_n in_o the_o river_n of_o witham_n which_o be_v a_o river_n within_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n and_o the_o say_v pischary_a by_o these_o law_n be_v chargeable_a to_o the_o repair_v thereof_o if_o c._n d._n disseiz_v he_o thereof_o or_o commit_v a_o trespass_n by_o fish_v therein_o a._n b._n can_v neither_o have_v a_o assize_n nor_o action_n of_o trespass_n within_o this_o court_n so_o if_o a_o royal_a or_o common_a river_n have_v his_o current_n through_o the_o town_n of_o dale_n and_o one_o a._n b._n be_v tie_v to_o repair_v the_o bank_n there_o by_o tenure_n prescription_n or_o otherwise_o which_o notwithstanding_o in_o his_o default_n be_v break_v down_o and_o the_o water_n break_v out_o overflow_v the_o ground_n of_o c._n d._n thereto_o adjoin_v yet_o c._n d._n have_v not_o any_o remedy_n to_o recover_v his_o damage_n against_o a._n b._n in_o this_o court_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o ground_n but_o he_o be_v put_v to_o his_o private_a action_n therefore_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v the_o case_n of_o keighley_n but_o if_o a._n b._n be_v present_v therefore_o before_o our_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n they_o may_v order_v a._n b._n to_o repair_v the_o breach_n but_o can_v award_v damage_n to_o c._n d._n for_o our_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v herein_o like_a to_o justice_n of_o peace_n and_o to_o steward_n of_o leet_n and_o law-day_n which_o have_v power_n original_o to_o meddle_v only_o with_o the_o public_a wrong_n yet_o by_o the_o power_n of_o their_o commission_n and_o of_o this_o statute_n they_o many_o time_n accidental_o meet_v with_o private_a injury_n as_o by_o the_o ensue_a case_n may_v appear_v if_o a_o township_n be_v assess_v by_o a_o law_n of_o sewer_n and_o the_o good_n of_o one_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v take_v for_o the_o sesse_v that_o party_n upon_o his_o complaint_n to_o these_o justice_n of_o sewer_n may_v have_v process_n out_o of_o this_o court_n to_o call_v before_o they_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o say_v sess_v to_o cause_v they_o to_o contribute_v towards_o the_o party_n damage_n who_o be_v sole_o distrain_v for_o they_o all_o for_o otherwise_o this_o court_n shall_v fail_v of_o justice_n in_o his_o own_o proper_a material_n &_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o
h._n 4._o c._n 12._o say_v that_o he_o which_o be_v grieve_v let_v he_o have_v remedy_n and_o if_o the_o good_n of_o a_o man_n take_v for_o his_o tax_n or_o 4._o 1_o h._n 4._o sess_v be_v sell_v for_o the_o payment_n thereof_o for_o more_o money_n than_o his_o sess_n come_v to_o the_o justices_z of_o sewer_n have_v power_n to_o cause_v the_o officer_n to_o restore_v the_o overplus_n et_fw-fr cum_fw-la hoc_fw-la concordat_fw-la the_o charter_n of_o rom._n marsh_n if_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n appoint_v the_o officer_n to_o take_v so_o many_o tree_n of_o i._o s._n at_o such_o a_o price_n for_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o defence_n against_o the_o sea_n or_o to_o make_v a_o trench_n over_o the_o ground_n of_o i._o d._n and_o thereto_o erect_v something_o towards_o these_o action_n i._n s._n have_v remedy_n to_o come_v by_o his_o money_n in_o this_o court_n and_o the_o other_o party_n over_o who_o ground_n this_o trench_n be_v make_v may_v be_v relieve_v in_o recompense_n to_o be_v make_v to_o he_o for_o the_o hurt_n in_o his_o ground_n if_o laborer_n or_o workman_n as_o carpenter_n mason_n smith_n diker_n or_o other_o person_n be_v set_v on_o work_n by_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n they_o may_v by_o the_o same_o power_n recover_v their_o wage_n before_o the_o justice_n of_o sewer_n for_o the_o original_a cause_n spring_v out_o of_o the_o power_n of_o this_o commission_n and_o this_o be_v there_o determinable_a as_o incident_a to_o the_o authority_n of_o that_o court_n but_o if_o the_o original_a cause_n do_v not_o arise_v out_o of_o this_o commission_n as_o in_o some_o of_o the_o precede_a case_n they_o do_v not_o then_o have_v this_o court_n no_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o matter_n depend_v thereon_o and_o i_o do_v ground_n this_o diversity_n upon_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o book_n case_n put_v in_o 1_o r._n 3._o fol._n 4._o where_n it_o be_v say_v 3._o 1_o r._n 3._o that_o if_o the_o original_a cause_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o court_n christian_n although_o in_o the_o proceed_n therein_o some_o matter_n happen_v which_o depend_v on_o the_o principal_a which_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o temporal_a court_n yet_o accessarium_fw-la sequitur_fw-la suum_fw-la principale_v and_o these_o matter_n shall_v also_o be_v determine_v in_o the_o court_n christian_n and_o so_o if_o in_o a_o cause_n at_o the_o temporal_a law_n as_o in_o a_o quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la and_o in_o the_o proceed_n therein_o some_o matter_n do_v arise_v depend_v on_o the_o principal_a cause_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o court_n christian_n yet_o the_o temporal_a court_n shall_v continue_v his_o jurisdiction_n thereof_o and_o with_o this_o diversity_n agree_v kelleways_o rep._n kelleways_n rep._n report_n fol._n 110._o so_o in_o our_o court_n of_o sewer_n although_o a_o thing_n happen_v in_o the_o proceed_n which_o if_o it_o stand_v mere_o of_o itself_o will_v not_o pertain_v ad_fw-la eor_fw-la '_o examen_fw-la notwithstanding_o if_o it_o be_v but_o a_o matter_n accidental_a and_o have_v his_o dependence_n upon_o a_o principal_a matter_n which_o be_v determinable_a in_o this_o court_n the_o other_o also_o shall_z a_o be_v here_o determinable_a exemption_n it_o may_v be_v a_o grand_a question_n whether_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n will_v permit_v any_o exemption_n to_o any_o person_n or_o person_n and_o by_o the_o strict_a pen_n of_o the_o word_n of_o this_o commission_n it_o seem_v to_o oppose_v all_o such_o privilege_n and_o discharge_v as_o exemption_n be_v the_o ancient_a commission_n which_o be_v in_o the_o register_n and_o in_o fitz._n nat._n br._n be_v exceed_v strict_a for_o the_o word_n therein_o be_v ita_fw-la quod_fw-la aliquibus_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la terrarum_fw-la seu_fw-la tenementum_fw-la seu_fw-la communiam_fw-la pasturae_fw-la seu_fw-la pischariae_fw-la habentibus_fw-la diviti_fw-la vel_fw-la pauperi_fw-la vel_fw-la alteri_fw-la cujuscunque_fw-la fuerit_fw-la conditionis_fw-la status_fw-la aut_fw-la dignitatis_fw-la qui_fw-la defension_n '_o habere_fw-la potuerint_fw-la per_fw-la predict_v '_o wallia_n guttur_fw-la as_o fossata_fw-la sueras_fw-la port_n calceta_fw-la &_o gurgite_n seu_fw-la etiam_fw-la damnum_fw-la per_fw-la trenchea_n predict_v '_o sustinent_fw-la vel_fw-la poterint_fw-la sustinere_fw-la sive_fw-la fuerint_fw-la infra_fw-la libertates_fw-la siuè_fw-la extra_fw-la non_fw-la parcantur_fw-la in_o hac_fw-la parte_fw-la and_o the_o word_n in_o our_o statute_n be_v in_o effect_n and_o all_o such_o which_o reap_v profit_n or_o sustain_v damage_n shall_v be_v assess_v which_o word_n seem_v not_o to_o admit_v of_o discharge_v yet_o in_o my_o opinion_n out_o of_o the_o strict_a word_n of_o these_o commission_n there_o be_v some_o exemption_n though_o not_o express_v in_o word_n yet_o supply_v in_o reason_n and_o be_v to_o be_v add_v in_o construction_n first_o for_o the_o ground_n lie_v betwixt_o the_o seabank_n and_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o reason_n exempt_v from_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o bank_n and_o wall_n because_o they_o can_v take_v no_o safety_n thereby_o second_o those_o ground_n which_o be_v upon_o a_o assent_n and_o not_o on_o the_o level_n be_v also_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o reason_n exempt_v from_o assess_v to_o be_v impose_v only_o by_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n three_o where_o one_o or_o more_o be_v tie_v to_o repair_v a_o bank_n wall_n or_o other_o defence_n by_o custom_n prescription_n tenure_n or_o otherwise_o all_o other_o be_v in_o law_n and_o reason_n exempt_v four_o a_o parson_n &_o vicar_n with_o cure_n be_v not_o to_o be_v assess_v for_o their_o tithe_n and_o divers_a of_o the_o hereditament_n former_o mention_v in_o assess_v be_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o reason_n exempt_v five_o but_o whether_o one_o may_v be_v discharge_v and_o exempt_v from_o the_o repair_v of_o the_o work_n of_o sewer_n by_o any_o special_a custom_n or_o prescription_n be_v a_o great_a question_n of_o our_o case_n in_o regard_n both_o the_o old_a and_o new_a commission_n quod_fw-la nullus_fw-la in_o hac_fw-la parte_fw-la parcatur_fw-la seem_v to_o toll_n all_o prescription_n and_o custom_n of_o discharge_n and_o to_o admit_v of_o none_o of_o they_o and_o the_o charter_n of_o romney_n marsh_n pag._n 31_o 32_o and_o 33._o bear_v the_o same_o exposition_n for_o there_o godfrey_n plead_v a_o plea_n to_o discharge_v he_o of_o the_o repair_v of_o the_o wall_n and_o watergauge_n because_o he_o claim_v his_o land_n by_o charter_n from_o the_o king_n and_o also_o prescribe_v general_o in_o non_fw-la reparando_fw-la but_o he_o dare_v not_o abide_v his_o plea_n for_o there_o pag._n 39_o it_o be_v say_v that_o all_o have_v land_n shall_v contribute_v and_o that_o none_o may_v be_v spare_v and_o also_o pag._n 53._o be_v these_o word_n quod_fw-la starent_fw-la ordinationi_fw-la jurator_n '_o predictor_n '_o nulla_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la resistente_fw-la which_o word_n be_v direct_v in_o the_o point_n against_o such_o general_n discharge_v claim_v by_o blind_a custom_n yet_o i_o have_v be_v credible_o inform_v that_o sir_n george_n fitzwilliams_n knight_n have_v a_o custom_n in_o his_o town_n and_o manor_n of_o mabblethorp_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n call_v swiftage_n whereby_o he_o challenge_v to_o be_v free_v from_o be_v charge_v to_o the_o repair_v of_o the_o seabank_n because_o in_o consideration_n thereof_o he_o and_o his_o ancestor_n have_v use_v in_o regard_n of_o their_o manor_n there_o to_o do_v some_o other_o repair_v as_o beneficial_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n in_o such_o a_o special_a custom_n one_o may_v be_v exempt_v like_v to_o the_o case_n of_o tithe_n wherein_o one_o can_v not_o by_o the_o common_a law_n prescribe_v in_o a_o non_fw-la decimando_fw-la yet_o in_o a_o modus_fw-la decimandi_fw-la he_o may_v because_o there_o be_v some_o competent_a consideration_n give_v in_o lieu_n thereof_o and_o so_o in_o my_o opinion_n one_o can_v general_o prescribe_v or_o allege_v a_o custom_n to_o be_v free_v and_o clear_o exempt_v from_o the_o repair_v of_o sewer_n but_o by_o special_a custom_n he_o may_v as_o in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o sir_n george_n fitzwilliams_n and_o therefore_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n in_o my_o case_n do_v very_o just_o and_o discreet_o refuse_v the_o say_v general_a plea_n of_o discharge_n tender_v to_o they_o by_o a._n and_o e._n and_o so_o i_o super_fw-la totam_fw-la materiam_fw-la conclude_v my_o argument_n as_o i_o do_v my_o case_n that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n do_v administer_v true_a justice_n in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o these_o law_n finis_fw-la huius_fw-la tertiae_fw-la lecturae_fw-la lectura_fw-la quarta_fw-la it_o appear_v by_o this_o statute_n i_o read_v on_o that_o the_o law_n maker_n make_v it_o not_o the_o least_o part_n of_o their_o care_n to_o have_v such_o person_n put_v in_o trust_n with_o the_o execution_n thereof_o as_o shall_v be_v of_o great_a wisdom_n and_o approve_a experience_n and_o because_o that_o person_n of_o profound_a wisdom_n deep_a experience_n try_v learning_n generous_a
and_o that_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o h._n 4._o extend_v to_o such_o wear_v kiddel_n etc._n etc._n and_o other_o let_v as_o be_v erect_v before_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n ed._n the_o first_o and_o which_o have_v be_v inhanuce_v and_o exalt_v sithence_o and_o so_o be_v out_o of_o all_o those_o law_n because_o there_o be_v no_o such_o inhaunce_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o which_o i_o now_o read_v on_o do_v not_o alter_v the_o former_a statute_n in_o these_o point_n but_o provide_v that_o all_o and_o every_o statute_n act_n and_o ordinance_n heretofore_o make_v concern_v the_o premise_n in_o that_o act_n recite_v not_o be_v contrary_a nor_o before_o then_o repeal_v shall_v stand_v then_o in_o force_n but_o the_o say_a judge_n do_v hold_v opinion_n that_o all_o the_o say_a statute_n stand_v unrepealed_a and_o accord_o make_v their_o report_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o council_n there_o be_v many_o private_a statute_n make_v for_o the_o abate_v private_a wear_v in_o some_o stream_n which_o be_v not_o within_o my_o intent_n to_o recite_v further_o than_o by_o name_v of_o they_o because_o i_o take_v it_o they_o be_v not_o confirm_v by_o the_o statute_n i_o read_v on_o as_o 11_o h._n 7._o cap._n 5._o southampton_n 14_o h._n 8._o cap._n 13._o 23_o h._n 8._o cap._n 18._o havens_n 25_o h._n 8._o cap._n 7._o for_o kill_a fry_n of_o salmon_n 27_o h._n 8._o rastal_n havens_n 9_o 10_o 11._o in_o 19_o jacobi_n regis_fw-la there_o be_v a_o great_a cause_n depend_v in_o the_o court_n of_o the_o duchy_n at_o westminster_n between_o benedict_n hall_n esquire_n plaintiff_n and_o john_n mason_n george_n worral_n and_o thomas_n powel_n defendant_n which_o be_v in_o effect_n as_o follow_v that_o queen_n mary_n be_v seize_v of_o the_o manor_n of_o monmouth_n with_o the_o appurtenance_n in_o that_o county_n and_o of_o a_o free_a fish_n in_o the_o river_n of_o wye_n and_o of_o a_o be_v and_o a_o fish_n yard_n there_o which_o be_v erect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o say_a queen_n in_o the_o place_n where_o a_o old_a foundation_n of_o a_o ancient_a be_v do_v stand_v this_o be_v have_v be_v let_v by_o the_o say_a queen_n and_o also_o by_o queen_n elizabeth_n under_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o say_a duchy_n by_o yearly_a rent_n and_o so_o there_o be_v ancient_a precedent_n show_v in_o that_o court_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o ancient_a be_v there_o have_v be_v let_v to_o farm_n by_o the_o earl_n and_o duke_n of_o lancaster_n and_o by_o the_o king_n and_o duke_n for_o a_o long_a time_n for_o yearly_a rent_n so_o that_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o it_o be_v a_o ancient_a be_v time_n out_o of_o memory_n and_o this_o be_v and_o fishyard_n and_o the_o profit_n of_o fish_v be_v let_v by_o the_o king_n majesty_n that_o now_o be_v under_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o lancaster_n in_o the_o ten_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n to_o one_o john_n abrahall_v esquire_n for_o one_o and_o thirty_o year_n for_o and_o under_o the_o yearly_a rent_n of_o six_o pound_n thirteen_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n payable_a to_o his_o majesty_n his_o heir_n and_o successor_n and_o the_o say_v abrahal_n be_v so_o thereof_o possess_v do_v afterward_o in_o the_o ten_o year_n assign_v the_o same_o to_o one_o william_n hall_n esquire_n by_o reason_n whereof_o the_o say_v william_n hall_n be_v thereof_o possess_v and_o in_o the_o 12._o year_n of_o this_o king_n make_v his_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n and_o do_v thereby_o ordain_v the_o complainant_a his_o executor_n and_o after_o die_v by_o and_o after_o who_o decease_n the_o complainant_n come_v to_o be_v possess_v of_o the_o say_a lease_n and_o term_n therein_o to_o come_v and_o in_o the_o nineteenth_o jacobi_n regis_fw-la the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n in_o those_o part_n cause_v a_o jury_n to_o be_v impanel_v and_o swear_v touch_v this_o be_v &_o fishyard_n and_o give_v therein_o a_o verdict_n to_o this_o effect_n that_o be_v that_o benedict_n hall_n the_o complainant_n be_v possess_v of_o the_o say_a be_v call_v monmouth_n be_v upon_o the_o river_n of_o wye_n which_o be_v excessive_a high_a and_o hurtful_a and_o be_v a_o impediment_n to_o the_o common_a passage_n of_o boat_n bark_n and_o ballanger_n up_o and_o down_o the_o say_a river_n and_o by_o mean_n thereof_o they_o can_v not_o pass_v but_o in_o great_a danger_n which_o if_o the_o say_a be_v be_v not_o boat_n of_o two_o or_o three_o tun_n may_v pass_v the_o river_n and_o that_o the_o say_v be_v have_v be_v the_o death_n &_o drown_v of_o one_o of_o the_o king_n subject_n and_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o scarcity_n dearness_n and_o want_n of_o salmon_n and_o other_o fish_n within_o the_o say_a river_n by_o reason_n many_o of_o they_o be_v take_v in_o gin_n of_o the_o say_a be_v when_o they_o be_v out_o of_o season_n and_o that_o the_o same_o be_v a_o great_a abuse_n wrong_v enormity_n and_o annoyance_n to_o the_o whole_a country_n whereupon_o the_o say_v commissioner_n make_v a_o ordinance_n or_o decree_n set_v forth_o thereby_o in_o effect_n as_o follow_v that_o whereas_o it_o do_v appear_v to_o they_o as_o well_o by_o the_o examination_n of_o witness_n as_o by_o the_o say_a verdict_n of_o the_o juror_n and_o by_o their_o view_n that_o the_o say_v be_v be_v a_o great_a let_v and_o hindrance_n to_o the_o common_a passage_n of_o boat_n and_o ballanger_n up_o and_o down_o the_o river_n endanger_n of_o the_o life_n of_o the_o king_n subject_n and_o to_o the_o destruction_n of_o fish_n as_o the_o salmon_n and_o fry_n thereof_o they_o therefore_o order_v that_o the_o say_a be_v shall_v be_v overthrow_v and_o that_o the_o timber_n and_o stone_n thereof_o shall_v be_v remove_v whereby_o the_o channel_n shall_v be_v clear_v for_o passage_n of_o boat_n and_o according_o do_v direct_v their_o warrant_n under_o their_o hand_n and_o seal_n to_o the_o defendant_n authorise_v they_o thereby_o to_o overthrow_v the_o say_a be_v which_o they_o perform_v according_o and_o all_o this_o matter_n of_o the_o verdict_n of_o the_o jury_n and_o decree_n of_o the_o commissioner_n be_v set_v forth_o at_o large_a in_o the_o defendant_n answer_n and_o after_o examination_n and_o publication_n of_o witness_n the_o cause_n come_v to_o be_v hear_v in_o the_o say_a duchy_n court_n before_o sir_n humphrey_n may_v knight_n chancellor_z of_o the_o duchy_n sir_n john_n denham_n knight_n one_o of_o his_o highness_n baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n a_o assistant_n to_o that_o court_n and_o sir_n tho_n chamber_n lie_v knight_n one_o of_o the_o king_n justice_n of_o his_o bench_n another_o assistant_n of_o the_o say_a court_n and_o sir_n edward_n mosley_n knight_n attorney_n of_o the_o say_a court_n who_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o say_a be_v be_v a_o anclent_fw-la be_v by_o prescription_n and_o custom_n it_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v be_v overthrow_v by_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n and_o that_o the_o say_a verdict_n of_o the_o juror_n be_v defective_a because_o though_o they_o present_v the_o say_v be_v to_o be_v over_o high_a and_o enhanced_a yet_o in_o regard_n they_o do_v not_o present_a in_o quanto_fw-la nor_o in_fw-la qua_fw-la parte_fw-la the_o say_a be_v be_v enhance_v above_o the_o ancient_a assize_n therefore_o they_o esteem_v the_o say_a verdict_n of_o no_o validity_n but_o now_o it_o come_v next_o in_o time_n and_o turn_v to_o declare_v my_o opinion_n touch_v and_o concern_v bridge_n mill_n mildam_n milstank_n floodgate_n heck_n lock_n and_o hebbingwere_n which_o in_o the_o say_a statute_n be_v set_v forth_o for_o let_n impediment_n and_o annoyance_n wherein_o they_o be_v to_o receive_v their_o exposition_n according_a to_o the_o say_a case_n of_o wear_v without_o other_o distinction_n for_o if_o they_o have_v have_v continuance_n time_n out_o of_o memory_n then_o be_v they_o the_o proper_a and_o peculiar_a inheritance_n of_o the_o king_n or_o of_o his_o subject_n allow_v by_o ancient_a custom_n confirm_v by_o long_a use_n and_o to_o remain_v establish_v without_o overthrow_v or_o destroy_v but_o if_o they_o have_v be_v enhance_v or_o enlarge_v over_o their_o ancient_a and_o accustom_a assize_n than_o the_o enlargement_n and_o excess_n be_v only_o to_o be_v abate_v and_o no_o more_o for_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o h._n 4._o say_v that_o there_o must_v be_v leave_v sufficient_a substance_n of_o the_o ancient_a and_o if_o any_o new_a be_v stanke_z stake_n floodgate_n kiddel_n or_o other_o thing_n have_v of_o late_o be_v erect_v on_o the_o river_n which_o be_v a_o annoyance_n or_o hurtful_a than_o the_o same_o may_v be_v order_v by_o the_o commissioner_n to_o be_v abate_v overthrow_v destroy_v and_o pull_v down_o because_o the_o same_o be_v erect_v without_o lawful_a warrant_n or_o authority_n and_o so_o as_o
be_v always_o before_o cover_v with_o water_n but_o shore_n and_o such_o ground_n which_o alternis_fw-la vicibus_fw-la be_v wet_a and_o dry_a be_v not_o account_v relinquish_v ground_n and_o that_o relinquish_v ground_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n but_o the_o shore_n and_o casual_a drown_a ground_n may_v belong_v to_o a_o subject_n the_o personal_a profit_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v consist_v in_o wreck_n flotsan_n jetfan_n ligan_n and_o great_a fish_n which_o be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o royal_a prerogative_n of_o his_o crown_n but_o subject_n may_v have_v the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o first_o four_o by_o prescription_n and_o of_o the_o last_o by_o charter_n from_o the_o king_n then_o i_o descend_v into_o island_n which_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n first_o on_o the_o sea_n old_a one_o and_o new_a one_o that_o both_o be_v within_o the_o king_n power_n and_o the_o new_a one_o he_o in_o property_n fresh_a island_n in_o the_o land_n may_v belong_v to_o subject_n the_o nature_n of_o they_o all_o be_v that_o they_o be_v undique_fw-la circumdatae_fw-la aquis_fw-la i_o then_o land_v at_o the_o shore_n which_o in_o definition_n contain_v those_o ground_n which_o extend_v from_o the_o low_a ebb_n to_o the_o high_a flood_n that_o the_o king_n have_v the_o property_n thereof_o de_fw-la jure_fw-la a_o subject_n may_v have_v it_o ex_fw-la perquisito_fw-la and_o the_o people_n have_v their_o usum_fw-la necessarium_fw-la i_o proceed_v further_o to_o the_o coast_n who_o content_a and_o contingent_a i_o describe_v so_o near_o as_o by_o history_n i_o can_v inform_v myself_o and_o shore_n and_o coast_n i_o hold_v they_o to_o be_v maris_fw-la accessoria_fw-la from_o these_o i_o proceed_v to_o creek_n havens_n and_o port_n and_o these_o i_o set_v forth_o in_o their_o several_a kind_n and_o i_o conclude_v with_o the_o compass_n of_o my_o statute_n and_o my_o commission_n and_o with_o the_o diversity_n thereof_o that_o within_o the_o circle_n of_o my_o statute_n sea_n iss_n shores_n coast_n port_n havens_n creek_n gain_v and_o relinquish_v ground_n be_v comprehend_v because_o that_o may_v depend_v in_o posse_fw-la but_o yet_o the_o commissioner_n which_o be_v in_o presenti_fw-la operative_a do_v extend_v but_o to_o the_o utmost_a bank_n and_o wall_n towards_o the_o sea_n and_o i_o conclude_v the_o point_n of_o my_o case_n with_o the_o difference_n between_o ground_n leave_v and_o ground_n gain_v from_o the_o sea_n and_o thus_o i_o end_v my_o first_o lecture_n the_o second_o lecture_n in_o my_o second_o lecture_n i_o come_v on_o land_n and_o take_v upon_o i_o to_o set_v forth_o her_o friend_n from_o her_o foe_n her_o friend_n i_o count_v such_o as_o have_v defend_v she_o from_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o from_o inundation_n of_o salt_n water_n and_o these_o be_v her_o friend_n viz._n bank_n sewer_n goat_n calceys_n and_o bridges_n these_o be_v to_o be_v maintain_v and_o repair_v and_o be_v the_o defence_n which_o i_o full_o treat_v of_o and_o these_o be_v the_o enemy_n stream_n mill_n pond_n fishgarth_n mildam_n lock_n hebbingwere_n heck_n and_o floodgate_n these_o be_v let_n and_o impediment_n which_o this_o statute_n speak_v of_o and_o be_v to_o be_v correct_v reform_a or_o put_v down_o as_o cause_n shall_v require_v i_o show_v then_o that_o river_n be_v of_o two_o kind_n royal_a and_o common_a river_n that_o there_o be_v other_o inferior_a kind_n of_o those_o watery_a instrument_n which_o may_v take_v place_n after_o river_n as_o ditch_n gutter_n sewer_n pool_n pond_n spring_n that_o water_n be_v the_o substantive_a of_o all_o these_o and_o if_o it_o be_v a_o run_a water_n at_o random_n than_o it_o be_v a_o stream_n if_o it_o be_v a_o run_a water_n and_o pen_v within_o wall_n or_o bank_n than_o it_o be_v a_o river_n gutter_n ditch_n or_o sewer_n these_o in_o their_o several_a kind_n i_o do_v distinguish_v and_o spring_v i_o hold_v to_o be_v the_o vital_a spirit_n of_o they_o all_o i_o then_o describe_v the_o commissioner_n manner_n of_o proceed_n which_o may_v be_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n by_o view_n and_o survey_v and_o wherein_o they_o consist_v by_o jury_n and_o on_o what_o part_n that_o stand_v by_o discretion_n and_o the_o diversity_n and_o definition_n thereof_o after_o these_o i_o take_v upon_o i_o by_o how_o many_o several_a way_n the_o defence_n may_v be_v maintain_v which_o be_v nine_o in_o in_o number_n 1._o frontage_n 2._o ownership_n 3._o prescription_n 4._o custom_n 5._o tenure_n 6._o covenant_n 7._o usus_fw-la rei_fw-la 8._o a_o township_n and_o 9_o by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n all_o these_o i_o prove_v by_o reason_n precedent_n and_o authority_n and_o do_v at_o large_a discourse_n of_o they_o then_o i_o come_v by_o the_o course_n of_o this_o case_n to_o treat_v of_o sess_v tax_n and_o lay_v set_v by_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n whereby_o i_o find_v some_o inheritance_n there_o be_v which_o be_v subject_a to_o these_o sess_v as_o those_o that_o follow_v house_n land_n meadow_n pasture_n wood_n heath_n fur_n moor_n marsh_n rent_n ferries_n pischaries_n commons_o free_a passage_n park_n warrens_n and_o many_o inheritance_n i_o find_v in_o reason_n free_v from_o these_o tax_n and_o lay_n as_o tithe_n in_o spiritual_a hand_n annuity_n chase_n pension_n proxy_n portion_n mart_n fair_n market_n office_n thing_n in_o action_n condition_n contingent_n uses_n presentation_n foundership_n i_o also_o find_v these_o sess_v of_o three_o kind_n viz._n customary_a and_o then_o they_o may_v bind_v the_o mountain_n as_o well_o as_o the_o valley_n hereditary_a and_o then_o the_o particular_a tenant_n and_o the_o reversion_n must_v both_o contribute_v temporary_a which_o bind_v the_o possessor_n and_o here_o i_o end_v my_o second_o day_n lecture_n the_o three_o lecture_n my_o three_o lecture_n i_o do_v distribute_v into_o three_o general_a head_n which_o be_v mere_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o execution_n of_o these_o law_n which_o consist_v either_o in_o punish_v the_o body_n and_o person_n of_o the_o delinquent_n with_o 1._o imprisonment_n 2._o fine_a and_o 3._o amerciament_n or_o in_o do_v execution_n upon_o the_o offender_n estate_n 1._o by_o distress_n or_o 2._o by_o sale_n thereof_o or_o otherwise_o in_o extend_v it_o upon_o a_o man_n personal_a estate_n by_o 1._o charge_v of_o the_o land_n perpetual_o or_o 2._o by_o the_o absolute_a sale_n thereof_o and_o under_o these_o general_a rule_n i_o comprise_v these_o particular_n which_o follow_v first_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o this_o commission_n and_o for_o the_o more_o necessary_a execution_n of_o these_o law_n i_o find_v they_o out_o a_o court_n wherein_o i_o set_v forth_o in_o what_o case_n commissioner_n may_v imprison_v the_o body_n of_o delinquent_n and_o in_o what_o case_n they_o may_v impose_v a_o fine_a and_o when_o amerciament_n be_v due_a and_o then_o i_o show_v that_o for_o some_o transgression_n neither_o imprisonment_n fine_a nor_o amerciament_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v i_o than_o come_v to_o distress_n and_o hold_v a_o treble_a distinction_n of_o they_o videlicet_fw-la that_o some_o be_v 1._o judicial_a and_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o judicial_a record_n of_o this_o court_n 2._o other_o ministerial_a 3._o the_o three_o legal_a wherein_o all_o these_o diversity_n i_o screw_v out_o by_o prove_v authority_n then_o i_o show_v in_o what_o place_n these_o distress_n may_v be_v take_v when_o upon_o the_o land_n charge_v when_o within_o any_o place_n within_o the_o extent_n of_o this_o commission_n and_o sometime_o within_o any_o place_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o when_o the_o proper_a good_n of_o the_o party_n may_v be_v take_v and_o when_o the_o good_n of_o stranger_n and_o when_o good_n may_v be_v sell_v by_o this_o law_n afterward_o according_a to_o the_o order_n prescribe_v i_o by_o my_o case_n i_o declare_v that_o there_o be_v some_o interrupter_n to_o the_o execution_n of_o these_o distress_n the_o one_o be_v by_o sue_v replevin_n wherein_o i_o take_v these_o diversity_n that_o a_o sheriff_n be_v a_o inferior_a officer_n can_v not_o of_o his_o own_o power_n deliver_v a_o distress_n take_v by_o warrant_n of_o sewer_n but_o that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v bind_v to_o obey_v a_o replevin_n come_v out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n at_o westminster_n quia_fw-la de_fw-la altiori_fw-la natura_fw-la thus_o yet_o notwithstanding_o good_n take_v by_o a_o judgement_n be_v exempt_v from_o that_o replevin_n then_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o charge_n of_o land_n whether_o a_o perpetual_a charge_n may_v be_v impose_v or_o not_o and_o from_o thence_o i_o come_v to_o sales_n and_o those_o i_o distribute_v into_o four_o point_n first_o for_o what_o cause_n 2._o what_o land_n 3._o who_o land_n 4._o to_o who_o these_o land_n may_v be_v sell_v i_o after_o come_v into_o the_o tractate_n of_o legal_a proceed_n which_o may_v be_v use_v in_o our_o court_n of_o
construction_n be_v not_o so_o much_o ground_v upon_o the_o letter_n as_o upon_o the_o sense_n may_v in_o equal_a justice_n extend_v the_o sense_n to_o new_a make_n as_o well_o as_o to_o renew_v of_o defence_n for_o mr._n bract._n bracton_n bracton_n li._n 1._o cap._n 3._o define_v equity_n to_o be_v rerum_fw-la convenientia_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o paribus_fw-la causis_fw-la paria_fw-la desider_v at_o jura_fw-la &_o omne_fw-la bene_fw-la coequiper_n at_o &_o dicitur_fw-la equitas_fw-la quasi_fw-la equalitas_fw-la and_o if_o the_o grave_n and_o learned_a judge_n have_v in_o private_a affair_n introduce_v this_o equity_n to_o direct_v enlarge_v or_o diminish_v the_o letter_n of_o the_o law_n in_o the_o sense_n of_o construction_n as_o by_o many_o precedent_n we_o find_v in_o mr._n blow_n com._n in_o hill_n and_o grange_n case_n fol._n 178._o and_o in_o many_o other_o authority_n à _fw-la forciori_fw-la shall_v this_o statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o be_v expound_v case_n hill_n &_o grange_n case_n with_o as_o much_o favourable_a equity_n as_o can_v be_v to_o enlarge_v the_o letter_n of_o the_o law_n in_o the_o sense_n of_o construction_n because_o it_o tend_v so_o much_o to_o the_o advancement_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n et_fw-la qui_fw-la heret_fw-la in_o littera_fw-la heret_fw-la in_o corticè_fw-la and_o if_o the_o maker_n of_o the_o law_n when_o this_o statute_n be_v put_v into_o the_o frame_n have_v be_v demand_v whether_o their_o meaning_n be_v to_o have_v it_o extend_v to_o the_o make_n of_o these_o new_a defence_n where_o either_o just_a occasion_n or_o necessity_n do_v enforce_v it_o they_o will_v have_v answer_v that_o they_o so_o intend_v it_o for_o the_o soul_n and_o life_n of_o the_o law_n lie_v in_o the_o sensible_a exposition_n thereof_o and_o not_o in_o the_o bare_a letter_n as_o mr._n blow_n also_o full_o demonstrate_v in_o his_o com._n in_o easton_n and_o stud_n case_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v former_o allege_v that_o the_o wariness_n of_o the_o common_a law_n be_v such_o in_o these_o case_n that_o it_o admit_v not_o one_o such_o new_a trench_n river_n or_o new_a cut_n to_o be_v make_v without_o the_o award_v out_o of_o the_o writ_n of_o ad_fw-la quod_fw-la dam_n '_o direct_v to_o the_o escheator_n a_o officer_n swear_v to_o inquire_v first_o what_o damage_n it_o may_v be_v if_o such_o a_o new_a cut_n or_o drain_v be_v make_v and_o then_o upon_o his_o inquisition_n return_v there_o may_v be_v one_o make_v if_o by_o the_o inquisition_n it_o be_v find_v convenient_a else_o not_o to_o be_v proceed_v further_o in_o but_o in_o answer_n thereto_o be_v the_o argument_n set_v down_o in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o there_o may_v be_v more_o wary_a and_o circumspect_a proceed_n by_o this_o commission_n then_o in_o the_o ad_fw-la quod_fw-la damn_z '_o by_o the_o escheator_n for_o there_o be_v many_o commissioner_n which_o be_v all_o swear_v and_o in_o the_o ad_fw-la quod_fw-la damn_z '_o there_o be_v but_o one_o the_o escheator_n plus_fw-la vident_fw-la oculi_fw-la quam_fw-la oculus_fw-la &_o tutius_fw-la est_fw-la rem_fw-la '_o committere_fw-la pluribus_fw-la quam_fw-la uni_fw-la and_o in_o my_o opinion_n it_o be_v much_o better_a to_o commit_v this_o weighty_a business_n to_o many_o commissioner_n of_o great_a gravity_n experince_n learning_n wisdom_n and_o integrity_n then_o to_o one_o escheator_n who_o may_v perhaps_o want_v all_o those_o virtue_n and_o further_o whereas_o in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n it_o be_v infer_v or_o rather_o fear_v that_o by_o give_v this_o power_n to_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n they_o may_v thereby_o stop_v up_o the_o haven_n of_o this_o kingdom_n that_o fear_n be_v needle_n for_o i_o find_v that_o neither_o by_o the_o letter_n nor_o the_o sense_n of_o these_o law_n any_o such_o exposition_n can_v be_v make_v either_o to_o the_o stop_v up_o or_o hinder_v of_o their_o current_n and_o passage_n but_o to_o proceed_v in_o my_o former_a discourse_n in_o make_v new_a defence_n i_o know_v that_o in_o the_o 43_o and_o 44_o eliz._n a_o great_a controversy_n do_v arise_v in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n about_o the_o building_n and_o erect_v of_o two_o new_a goat_n at_o eliz._n 43_o &_o 44_o eliz._n skirbeck_n and_o langrate_a for_o the_o drain_n of_o the_o water_n out_o of_o south_n holland_n fen_n into_o boston_n haven_n which_o work_n sir_n edward_n dymock_n knight_n do_v further_o what_o he_o may_v by_o the_o strength_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o friend_n and_o it_o be_v oppose_v by_o the_o country_n of_o kesteven_n and_o the_o very_a exception_n thereto_o take_v be_v that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n can_v not_o by_o the_o power_n of_o their_o commission_n make_v a_o law_n for_o the_o erect_n of_o these_o new_a goat_n where_o never_o any_o stand_v there_o before_o and_o that_o case_v proceed_v so_o far_o as_o the_o same_o come_v in_o the_o end_n before_o the_o two_o chief_a justice_n popham_n and_o anderson_n who_o both_o deliver_v their_o opinion_n that_o the_o say_v new_a goat_n if_o they_o be_v find_v to_o be_v profitable_a for_o the_o good_a and_o safety_n of_o the_o county_n may_v be_v erect_v by_o the_o power_n of_o this_o statute_n but_o they_o then_o wish_v and_o advise_v that_o the_o commissioner_n shall_v be_v wary_a provident_a and_o circumspect_a to_o advise_v deliberate_o before_o hand_n that_o they_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o experience_a person_n in_o those_o affair_n the_o say_v new_a work_n shall_v in_o all_o appearance_n seem_v to_o be_v profitable_a to_o the_o common_a weal_n if_o they_o be_v effect_v &_o that_o commissioner_n shall_v not_o in_o any_o sort_n make_v such_o device_n at_o the_o suit_n prosecution_n and_o request_n of_o private_a person_n for_o their_o private_a &_o peculiar_a good_a who_o many_o time_n seek_v their_o own_o end_n under_o pretence_n of_o the_o public_a good_a and_o a_o like_a great_a controversy_n do_v arise_v in_o 12_o jac._n in_o the_o county_n of_o cambridge_n huntingdon_n and_o northampton_n about_o the_o make_n of_o new_a cut_n and_o drain_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n which_o be_v much_o oppose_v the_o same_o come_v in_o the_o end_n to_o be_v hear_v before_o the_o king_n and_o council_n wherein_o this_o order_n be_v conceive_v as_o follow_v the_o king_n counsel_n order_n his_o majesty_n attorney-general_n have_v according_a to_o a_o order_n of_o this_o board_n of_o the_o thirteen_o of_o october_n last_o call_v unto_o he_o the_o king_n learned_a council_n and_o take_v information_n of_o such_o complaint_n as_o be_v first_o exhibit_v unto_o this_o board_n touch_v sundry_a suit_n and_o vexation_n move_v of_o late_a by_o certain_a obstinate_a and_o ill-disposed_a person_n against_o his_o majesty_n commissioner_n of_o sewer_n for_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n huntingdon_n northampton_n and_o cambridge_n and_o their_o officer_n and_o minister_n for_o execute_v the_o order_n and_o decree_n of_o the_o commissioner_n to_o the_o manifest_a destruction_n and_o inundation_n of_o many_o large_a level_n and_o part_n of_o the_o say_a county_n and_o have_v by_o their_o lordship_n like_o direction_n upon_o advise_v consideration_n weigh_v and_o compare_v the_o say_a late_a and_o undue_a proceed_n with_o ancient_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n appear_v in_o divers_a notable_a record_n in_o the_o point_n now_o question_v with_o the_o continual_a and_o concurrent_a practice_n of_o ancient_a and_o late_a time_n and_o also_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o lord_n popham_n late_o chief_a justice_n deliver_v in_o write_v very_o exact_o and_o full_o upon_o the_o say_a question_n touch_v the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n and_o thereupon_o make_v report_n at_o large_a unto_o their_o lordship_n this_o day_n in_o full_a counsel_n of_o the_o whole_a state_n of_o the_o cause_n forasmuch_o as_o thereby_o it_o appear_v that_o these_o invention_n and_o disturbance_n consist_v upon_o four_o head_n wherein_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o commission_n be_v question_v upon_o pretext_n and_o conceit_n of_o law_n first_o that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v not_o authority_n to_o cause_v new_a bank_n drain_v or_o sluice_n to_o be_v make_v where_o there_o have_v not_o be_v any_o before_o second_o that_o they_o may_v not_o lay_v the_o tax_n or_o rate_v upon_o hundred_o town_n or_o inhabitant_n thereof_o in_o general_n but_o upon_o the_o first_o presentment_n or_o judgement_n to_o charge_v every_o man_n in_o particular_a according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o his_o land_n or_o common_a three_o that_o they_o have_v not_o power_n sufficient_a to_o commit_v to_o prison_n person_n refractory_a and_o disobedient_a to_o their_o order_n warrant_n and_o decree_n and_o last_o that_o action_n of_o trespass_n false_a imprisonment_n and_o other_o process_n at_o the_o common_a law_n have_v be_v