and secured in his blessed estate as the holy Angels are and the Saints shall be in glory What his happinesse should have been and when consummate if he had Persevered we do not certainly and distinctly know The hour of Temptation seems to have been the hour of Triall and it 's very Probable that if in that conflict he had proved stedfast and Victorious he and his might have been blessed for ever But Man being in honor abode not § III and being tempted sin'd and aspiring higher and seeking by doing that which God had forbidden to attain the higher pitch of glory was devesâ—ed of his Honour and depriv'd of his happy estate And here Divines take occasion to speak of sin in generall And though I might have entered upon this subject when I spake of the fall and condemnation of many of the Angels yet because the Scripture speaks most of the sin of man therefore I will follow their example and practise and 1. Speak of sin in generall 2. Of the particular Sin of Adam The generall nature of sin is disobedience to the just command of a Superiour and because disobedience is opposed to obedience therefore it will not be amisse to enquire a little into the nature of obedience Obedience is not of Physicall but morall and politicall consideration For it presupposeth an intelligent and free agent and the same subject to the Power and bound by the Laws of a Superiour for where there is no Superiour Power there can be no Law and where there is no Law there can be no obedience or disobedience Whether the immediate subject of obedience be acts or habits was formerly determined in some manner but here you must observe that intelligent and free acts inclinations habits especially Acts are the subject immediat and proper of obedience and the proper and first subject of it is the will and heart the acts whereof are intelligent and free and no other acts else This is the reason why God so much requires the heart and will not accept any the greatest offerings and services if performed without the heart To this obedience 't is necessarily required that the will freely subject it self to the power of the superiour and exactly conforme unto his will and command in all inclinations and motions so far as it is bound in which respect the will must be no will in it self In this particular whereof we speak the subject is man who is an intelligent and free agent The superiour is God according to the power acquired in Creation The rule of obedience is the Law both Positive and morall and his obedience is a conformity both in subjection and acting according to the will and command of God The Principal subject of this obedience as an adjunct and cause of it as an effect is the Will and heart of man which is the proper seat of Integrity and Perversnesse For other Acts are so far good or bad as they depend on the Will and are so called extrinseca dominatione and by Participating their qualification from the Will As it is in this particular obedience required of Adam at the first so it is in all the other acts of obedience performed to God Sin in generall is opposed to this obedience § IV and is a disobedience to the Laws of God not of Man or any other superiour in strict sense Otherwise in a large sense the Laws of men may be the lawes of God and their power his Power and it 's Gods law and will that they should obey their Laws and submit to their Power For as the Wisdome of God is the first rule so the will of God expressed in his law is the first binding law That sin is a disobedience unto a Law and the Law of God the Apostle informs us in these words Sin is the transgression or rather disobedience to the Law of God 1 John 3. 4. For so the Apostle is to be understood as appeares by the context This Sin is so unbeseeming that nature and place of men and Angels wherein God created them as nothing more and so staines them that when they see themselves they loath and abhor themselves so as they cannot endure to look upon themselves It 's the basest thing in the world and most pernicious unto him that is once guilty of it It 's a Deviation from the best rule of divine Wisdom and a disagreement with the most just and holy God It 's a contempt or at least a neglect of the eternall power of this glorious King It makes our own imaginations and the suggestions of the Devil our rules and our own lusts our Masters as though we were not subject unto God It deprives us of eternall light and is the perpetuall fuel of Hell-fire and the desert thereof is very dreadfull For these reasons God hates it forbids it threatens it gave both men and Angels at the first power against it and for it not repented of pardoned he casts both men and Angels out of his presence into utter darknesse and torments them with eternall fire Yet all Sinnes are not equall § V as the punishments deserved are some lesse some greater And here I might enlarge and discover the severall sorts the aggravations the Consequents of Sin in generall 1. For the kinds and distinctions they are many For we hold that some sins are against the Law some against the Gospel some against God some against man Some of omission some of Commission c. And these distinctions may be tolerable in some sense 2. The degrees and aggravations are very many and might be observed out of Scripture and reduced into method as is done by the Learned and most judicious Doctor Chappel in his Method of Preaching The Crucifying of Christ the Lord of glory was an heynous crime yet some who had an hand in it were ignorant For so our Saviour prayes Father forgive them for they know not what they do Luke 23. 34. Yet others did it maliciously and contrary to the clear light of their Conscience and concerning these the supreme Judge is sollicited and desired to add iniquity unto their iniquity Psal. 69. 27. And there is a sin against the Holy-Ghost which according to the rules of Gods eternall justice renders the partyes sinning incapable of remission Such is the Blaspemy against the Holy-Ghost Math. 12. 31. and the Apostacy of Christians having once received the knowledge of the truth Heb. 10. 26 27. Paul was a Blasphemer a Persecutour and injurious yet he sinned ignorantly and in unbelief and upon his repentance obtayned mercy 1 Tim. 1. 13 16. The knowing Servant neglects to do his Masters will so doth the ignorant Servant too yet the sin of the former is greater then the sin of the latter and their punishment must be commensurable to their sin Luke 12. 47 48. These places I observe to let you understand and put you in mind 1. That sin is not in the outward act properly and immediately for
in the end to encline so farr as to look upon the fruit to cover it to touch it and tast it too And so the Vâ—nome of the Serpent infected Soul and Body Neither staid it here but did diffuse and Communicate it self to man who hearkened to his Wiâ—e and did eate and so transgresse Upon which the victory became compleat And though the temptation and plot was deeply laid and managed with greatest subtlety yet they could not be excused For the law was plain the power to observe it sufficient and God did in no wayes desert them in any thing necessary They did both willingly consent and yield They were too precipitate and did too hastily determin and resolve before they had sufficiently considered the matter either severally or joyntly together And their sin was in the issue so much the more heynous because they believed the false suggestions of the Devill and harkened to his damned Counsel contrary to the clear Command and peremptory Commination of their Creator In all this they had not the least cause to complain of God Their Sin and misery was from themselves and there was much of will in the transgression The Woman was first in the sin and was deceived Yet the Man followed her example Otherwiâ—e it might have been better with all mankind And in this place something may be â—aid of the permission of sin and Gods providence in respect of the same No doubt God could have prevented both the sin and the temptation yet being no wayes bound to do either he suffered both And this is one of the deep Counâ—ells of God whereof man can give no reason Arminiuâ— doth discourse of this subject and observes the acts of Divine providence about sin to be reducible to three heads 1. In respect of the Beginning 2. Of the Progress 3. The Consummation of it In respect of the Beginning the Acts of Providence are either permission or hinderance In respect of the Progress Direction and Limitation In respect of Sin Consummate Punishment or Remission But he that will accurately discuss this Point of Doctrine must distinguish 1. Between the first sin of Angels and the first sin of Man and other sinnes following these For in respect of these later that which we call permission may be a Desertion and to a Punishment which in the first sinnes cannot be 2. He must put a difference between a Moral and a Physical permission and also between the sinful Disposition and immediate Act of the Will as sinful and such Acts as follow and are not formally and intrinsecally sinful but bâ— participation 3. He must discern which of these Acts belong to Judgment as the two last evidently do and which not 4. It should be distinctly known what this Permission is For it 's not any Licence or Liberty to sin given by God to the Creature nor any toleration connivence indulgence much less any approbation of sin The proper and immediate first subject and cause of sin is the Will as free Therefore when Scotus had defined sin to be Carentia justitiae actui inesse debitae Occam corrects him and defines it to be Carentia justitiae voluntati inesse debitae And whereas many out of Austin take it for granted that Peccatum non habet causam efficientem sed deâ—icientem He â—aith That 's true onely of sins of Omission not of Commission and doth positively â—ffirm that God is the Author of every sin of Commission because in Commission there is something positive which is forbidden by the Law directly as well as that which is privative yet gives the reason why man is guilty and God not because man is under a Law and bound God is not And whereas some in sins of Commission distinguish between the Act whereof they grant God to be the Author and the Sinfulness of the Act whereof he is not the Author He answers That in sins of Commission the very Act is forbidden and therefore the very Act is so sin that you cannot make it the subject of sin is any ways different from sin In this making of God the Author of all sins he seems to be very bold and heterodox though very acute But let his Judgment in this be true or false these things are certain 1. That all the difficulty in this point ariseth from our ignorance of the manner how God concurs with the Free will of man in sin 2. That God could prevent all sins and every sin though he doth not 3. That God doth not necessitate much less force the intelligent Creature to sin for then sin could be no sin 4. That let Permission be what it will yet he so permits sin that he can justly punish it in the Parties guilty who alone are chargeable with it 5. The reason why God doth not cannot sin is not onely because he is under no Law but because he is absolutely just and holy and hates sin as he doth forbid it threaten it give power against it and punisheth it 6. We must not think that God doth so permit sin as not to order the sinner and out of evil bring good as once out of Darkness he created Light To think that God who is the Universal Judge is a bare Spectator of sin must needs be an Errour The cause of this sin § XI which was blameless was the Law which did forbid sin command obedience promise life to the Obedient threaten death to the Disobedient This could not by any inward native power or quality be a cause of Sin or Death for it was spiritual holy just good and so contrary to sin For every thing acts according to the inward power and quality And how should that be for sin which was the Rule of Holiness and for Death which was given for Life Yet a cause of sin it might be though not per Se yet per Accidens as the Logicians speak Not by any thing in it self yet by something from without in Man or the Devil Some instance in the dashing of a Pitcher against a Wall so that it 's broken The breaking of the Pitcher is an Effect but the Cause thereof is rather the force of him who purposely casts it against the wall then the Wall it self yet this Comparison is not so fuâ—l and perfect If there had been no Law there had been no sin For where there is no Law there is no Transgression saith the Apostle Rom. 4. 15. An if no transgression then no guilt no punishment If there had been no Law man might have done â—omething worthy of punishment yet without a Law he could have contracted no guilt so as to be bound to suffer punishment And though God knew that if he did give a Law it would be disobeyed yet he might justly give it For as he knew man would transgress it yet he knew likewise that he might keep it No Governour will forbear to enact Laws to regulate his People because he knows many will disobey them That the Law
kind and such as beaâ— Analogie or have Agreement with it are there by a Synechdoche forbidden Where the effect and the end there the causes and meanes are Prohibited And where the Principall there the Accessory are condemned Where the act or outward fact there the thoughts affections inclinations desires purposes gestures Words are determined to be unlawfull According to these rules besides Adultery many other sins which have some affinity and agreement therewith are here forbidden as fornication incest whoredome rapes deflowring of Virgins Sodomy and Bestiality which two lusts are not to be named but with detestation And all lasciviousnesse uncleannesse and abuse of the body in this kind The reason hereof is because God never gave any â—iberty to use their bodies in this kind out of Marriage For so soon as he had created man and given him a power and blessing of propagation and multiplication He brings the Woman to the Man gives her in marriage unto him before they had any warrant to have carnall knowledge one of another In this respect simple fornication as they term it between single Persons and the keeping of Concubins are unlawfull According to the second Rule of cause and effect because intemperance and excesse in eating § V drinking and pampering of the body and idlenesse are causes as of other sins so of these of uncleannesse therefore in that respect but no otherwise they are prohibited Fulnesse of bread and abundance of Idlenesse were two of the great iniquities of Sodom one of the filthiest and leudest places in the World Ezek. 16. 49. Yet intemperance luxury and excess in bodily pleasures may be reduced to this Commandement understood in a latitude as prohibiting all excessive and inordinate enjoyment of worldly and bodily pleasures And the Jews being as sed horses in the morning neighed after their neighbours wives Jer. 5. 8. Lewd company is also another cause Dinah Jacob's Daughter wanders and gads abroad to see the Daughters of the Land falls into lewd company and is deflowred For which sin the City of Shechem is destroyed To gaze unadvisedly upon beauties may kindle the flames of lust Immodest and wanton Apparrell Carriage Gestures Words filthy Communication Lewd Pictures filthy books too much familiarity of Men with Women or Women with Men who have not the gift of continency and converse with them without any calling especially with the temptations of the Devil who will take all advantages are dangerous Not to reckon up particulars which are many this we must know for certain that whatsoever is a cause or occasion of this sin of uncleannesse and gives advantage or opportunity to Sathan is forbidden as such in this place Yet the beginning of this sin as of all other is in the heart for as out of it evil thoughts and murders so adultery and fornication issue Mat. 15. 19. For whosoever looketh on a Woman to lust after her hath committed Adultery with her already in his heart Mat. 5. 28. Till temptations come into the heart we are safe But when the heart begins to entertain unclean suggestions conceive and continue unclean thoughts desire unclean pleasures the devil hath insinuated himself and is entered already But if we yeild consent resolve to fulfill our lusts and deliberate how to accomplish our filthy design then he is fortified and will hardly be forced out we become his captives and slaves the sin is conceived and formed in us And this deliberate consent and resolution is the principal part of this sin and most properly contracts the guilt For where there is Reluctancy within and strong temptation without or a suddain surprizall the sin is not so heynous The inward disposition and willing inclination of the heart doth most offend God the outward act and the use of meanes to accomplish our desires do the greatest hurt to man Yet as there are degrees of these sins within so there be also without and that not onely in respect of the severall kinds of filthinesse for some are more abominable then other in their own nature some by complication because in one act Adultery and Incest may concurre but also in respect of the act and habit For the sins of adultery and murder were not habituall in David his constant temper was far different though some make a Constant practise of this sin Besides all these wayes of contracting guilt in this particular some are guilty though not as Principalls yet as Accessory For many are no better then Bawdes and Panders by being subservient and officious unto other in this sin Thus Jonadab contrives a meanes and gives advice to Amon how be might fulfill his lust upon his Sister Tamar 2 Sam. 13. 5. Thus far the negative part whereby we understand what sins are here forbidden and also how hard a thing it is to be pure and innocent from all uncleannesse for few are found who are not in some measure polluted For the causes and occasions are many and the temptations great and our frailty much and we have continuall need of Gods gracious assistance which without our own constant Vigilancy we cannot expect As for Polygamy and the severall cases of conscience and the distance of degrees in consanguinity and affinity to be observed to avoid incest I leave them to Casuists The affirmative part here implied § VI and often expressed in other places of Scripture is the Precept of Chastity for he that forbids impurity commands Chastity which is not a vertue as it ariseth from the constitution of the body or from some naturall or artificiall causes but as it s rooted in the heart and is Regulated by the Word of God For as the sin of uncleannesse is not in the outward Act of carnal knowledge which ordered according to Gods institution and Law is not only lawfull but a meanes ordained by God to propagate mankind and to continue a Church unto the end of the World So likewise Chastity is not the forbearance of the outward act but a right and constant temper of the heart hating the sin of uncleanness and preserving both Body and Mind pure in free obedience unto God And as the proper and principal subject both of all other also of this verâ—ue is the will So all this will avoids all causes and occasions of the sin here forbidden The inward thoughts desires resolutions deliberations are pure the words gestures apparrell and outward acts are modest and sober so that by a chast soul the Vessel and body is kept in Sanctification and honour And this is the duty here commanded But because there are many meanes to preserve Chastity these therefore ought to be used The fear of God which is the beginning of Wisdome and a Principle-generall of all vertues doth first dispose the soul to this particular duty and reigning in the soul commands all temptations to be resisted evil company and filthy persons to be avoided good and chast Society to be observed prayer frequent prayer against this sin to be
agreeable to his Counsel and that most exactly For as his Wisdom did dictate so his Will determined and no otherwise and without this will and determination nothing could have bin done or effected From it all things future recâ—ive their â—ututition according to the School-mens expression These Decrees are not strictly and properly eternall as was observed before Yet they are Antecedent to all time as it measures the Existence of things They are said to be many and may be conceived in a certain order according to the multitude and order of the things decreed That this Will should first decree the end and then the meanes is but a fancy and hath no ground either in Scripture or in solid reason Yet though they be many yet they may be reduced to two sorts for tâ—ey may be said to be generall or speciall The general Decrees are those which extend to all things For there neither was nor is nor shall be any thing which God did not Determine The special Decrees are such as are limited to Angels and Men in respect of their Spirituall and Eternall estate and especially to men These are called by a Synechdoche Predestination and Reprobation And these presuppose 1. Their Object intellectual and immortal Creatures especially men considered in a spirituall capacity as dirigible to an eternal estate 2. The Counsel of God contriving a certain order according to which men were to be directed to their final estate The nature of them in speciall is to determine and according to this order to direct certain individual persons unto their last end For in these decrees we may observe 1. Persons 2. Meanes 3. End The End is eternal Happinesse or Misery The Meanes Laws and Judgments The Persons such as are capable of Laws and Judgments But of these Decrees more particularly hereafter These Decrees are free § V For there was no Law to bind or morally necessitate him but his Wisdom and his Justice Neither did these bind him to decree any thing at all but onely if he did decree any thing to decree it wisely and justly Both the Creature and every thing in the Creature were nothing before they did Exist and as such could have no influence to move or incline the Will of God Neither could the Prevision of perfect obedience in the Angels or finall faith in man determin the Will of God much lesse necessitate it to give them eternall glory Neither can finall disobedience or unbelief do any such thing as fore-seen or actually existent determine much lesse necessitate God to passe the Sentence of Eternal Death upon them or to execute the same The determination of Gods will is freely from himself not from my thing without Himself God my foresee the highest degree of obedience in the Creature and yet be no wayes bound to reward it There is no necessary connexion between obedience and reward or between the foresight of obedience and the decree to reward onely the decree it self freely ties them together There can be no efficient cause out of God of the decree of God Some materiall objective Logicall cause there may be The decree to give Christ unto Death for enemies To call Wretched man dead in his sins and trespasses by repentance and saith unto eternall glory was not onely free but also the issue of unspeakable love and compassion and to destinate man upon faith in Christ fore-seen is an act of free grace Faith it self can be no efficient because it is not neither can the fore-knowledge or prevision of this faith though final be any such thing For God may foresee final faith and yet not determine to reward it though without prevision he cannot decree to do so The reason of all this is because nothing but the Being of God and the acting upon himself is or can be necessary These Decrees are not onely free § VI but also Wise Just and Stable They are wise because made according unto and directed by Wisdom His Wisdom and Knowledge are Antecedent to his Will and must be conceived by us so to be otherwise we should affirm that He decreed things ignorantly and rashly But so to think is impious and absurd There are many works and so decrees of God whereof we can give no reason but his absolute will and power He may love Iacob hate Esau without respect to any merit or demerit in the persons and decree the elder to serve the younger Yet thus As it was done so it was decreed wisely and according to Counsel We can give no reason of this yet He can The reason indeed is secret to us as not revealed yet known to Him And though many things may be done by him above the Laws given in Scripture yet they are not against them Though his decrees may be truly said to depend upon his knowledge yet they depend not upon the things known As they are wise so are they just though sometimes they seem to us to be otherwise The wicked prosper many times when the Righteous are afflicted and chastened very much And the innocent suffer and sometimes temporally perish with the Wicked and the children often beare the heavy burthen of their Fathers sins and yet are not guilty of their crimes These things may seem to be unjust yet are not so but exactly agreeable to the eternall rules of justice The reason why they must needs be just is because he is essentially and necessarily justice though his justice in his secret judgements doth not appear to us He made no Decree whereby man or Angels was necessitated to Sin He indeed did decree the freedome of their will their subjection to his power their obligation by his Lawes Yet as he did not Decree that they should sin so he did not decree to prevent all sin but decreed that if they should sin they should be liable to punishment He made as he decreed the Will of man mutable Yet this mutability was no disadvantage to him or any necessary cause of Sin And in the last judgement it will appear that Sin was from the Creature but not from the Decree of the Creator They are also stable For the Counsell of his Will standeth for ever and his thoughts to all generations Psal. 33. 11. And though there be many Devices in the heart of man yet the Counsell of the Lord shall stand Prov. 19. 21. The reason hereof is because they are made in Wisdome and Justice and there can be no cause of alteration Besides he is Almighty and cannot be hindered to do what he hath once determined Upon the stability of these decrees depends the stability of the world and stability of the Church and the certainty of our Eternall glorification The power of God is that whereby he is able to effect all according to the Counsell of his Will SECT VII This power is not Passive for God can neither receive nor suffer any thing It 's active and efficient yet truly Power because it was not is not
and can in no wise Comprehend the Incomprehensible or apprehend that which is so far above our Sphear That God is will be granted of all a few grosse Atheists excepted Yet such is the want of due instruction in some the extinction of Nature's light by neglect and sin in many and the Judgment of Divine desertion whereby men are delivered up into a Reprobate mind that many do deny that God who made them and in whom they live move and have their Being and will not be convinced of the truth of his Eternall Existence So that the great Cardinal of Cumbray had some cause to say That by us it could not be evidently known that God is but only by the gratuitous union of God with our understanding representing himself as a Visible Object sufficiently clear and shining in his own light unto the understanding rightly disposed Bacon and Oâ—cam seem to be of this mind And surely if God withdraw his light man presently is so blind that no reason alleaged by any wit of man can make him see this truth that God is though it be the first of all truths Yea though we may know this that he is and doth exist yet no man can tell what he is Something the Heathens knew of God by Tradition and the light of Nature For his works did speak of his Eternal Power and God-head even unto them The Jews knew more for they had Moses and the Prophets The Christians most of all For they have not onely the light of nature the great Book and Volum of the World and Moses with the Prophâ—ts but also Christ and his Apostleâ— with the light of the Gospel Yet notwithstanding our knowledge is imperfect not only in respect of God who fully knows himself but in respect of Angels who know him clearly though not fully and infinitely The most accurate Logick in this particular can little advantage the most piercing understanding Yet so far God hath manifested himself unto us especially in the Gospel as will be sufficient for our eternall glorification in which estate we shall know him more fully even so much as will make us fully happy The manner whereby we know our God is by many Attributes § II whereby he represents himself sutably to our Capacity for seeing that we cannot apprehend that one Individuall Being by one act he hath given himself Severall and many attributes that so by many and severall acts we may know something of that which is one in it self Of these Attributes many things are observable as here they follow 1. It was Gods gracious condescension both to the manner and measure of our imperfect understanding to manifest himself by these Attributes 2. They are called Attributes because God attributes them to himself and affirms them of himself Properties because we conceive them as proper unto God and such as can be praedicated only of him So that by them we distinguish him from all other Beings Perfections not that they are perfections but because they are severall representations of that one perfection which is himself Names and Terms because they expresse and signifie something of his Essence Notions because they are so many apprehensions of his Being as we conceive of him imperfectly in our minds 3. These Attributes whether we call them names or notions do truly agree to God and by them we truly conceive of him 4. The reason hereof is because that one individual Being may be truly represented by severall distinct representations and so apprehended 5. There can be no inequality between these Attributes as considered in respect of God For they all signifie but one infinite Being Yet as they may be exercised not onely Severally but unequally So they may be apprehended as unequal in respect of the subject wherein they may be exercised For God may exercise his Justice in punishing the wicked more then his Mercy and his Mercy more then his Justice in the salvation of his people 6. Though the Unity immensity Eternity Understanding Will Wisdom Justice Mercy c of God in respect of their severall distinct Representations and our apprehensions do differ yet in respect of God they no ways differ either really or formally because they are one individual essence 7. Though Father Son Holy Ghost Creatour Preserver Lord Law-giver Judge be truly affirmed of God yet they are not properly Attributes as they are usually taken because Attributes are intended to represent the essence those other termes are Extrinsecal Denominations in respect unto the Creatures and are grounded upon his Works or else upon the intrinsecal acts of the Deity upon it Self To understand these things the better we must not be ignorant how our understanding acts upon things and beings intelligible § III It cannot touch and reach the things it self immediately but at the second hand as it is Cloathed with Logisms or Logical affections which we call Arguments For by these the thing irradiates and becomes visible to the Soul and so is perceivable These affections are like Colours upon the Surface of the thing without which it is not perceivable by the eye These affections and arguments upon the which the understanding so much depends are cause effect subject adjunct whole part and the rest God who knew this better then we our selves do was willing to represent this his glorious essence in such a manner as man by severall acts might know something of him For this purpose he in his blessed word did give himself these Attributes which are like unto Logical arguments but are not such for God hath no cause neither is his Being in its self a cause He is no effect no subject adjunct whole or part These do not agree to him The word of God therefore is the rule of our understanding and directing it in the knowledge of his essence is our Supernaturall Logick and the Attributes are our Divine Topicks For the Logick which we now have composed by man serves only for a rule in the understanding of things created We must have a far higher and more excellent Logick to understand the Being of our God These Attributes by some are numbred § IV but without any order By others they are reduced to a method but with some difference though not much materiall And in this particular every man may abound in his own sense so that he deliver the truth Some give a definition of God so as to include the Essence and Subsistences and make the Essence intelligible by his Names and Properties for so they call the Attributes which are either Incommunicable or Communicable by Analogy Some inquire what God is 1. In his Essence 2. In his Liâ—e And thereupon inform us that some Attributes agree unto him in respect of his Essence Some in respect of his Life Some rank them under 3 heads The first whereof agree unto him in respect of his Being The second in respect of his Life The third in respect of the perfection of his Life Some divide
as that He cannot be contained in any one or all but is far beyond all How this should be Reason cannot understand such Knowledge is too wonderfull for us Thus God is always every where present not onely by his Power but his Being too And leâ—t we should mistake this Immensity of God we must know that this agreed unto him before there was any place or World His Being was neither contracted nor extended upon or by the Creation for he was essentially great infinite and incomprehensible when He dwelt in His Eternal Being by Himself alone As God is infinite in his Being § VII so is he in his Duration For He is Eternal His Eternity is that Duration of his Existence whereby he is always necessarily the same This doth presuppose 1. His Existence 2. The perpetual continuance of his Existence 3. The necessity thereof For He so ever was that He cannot but ever be This is that they call necessitas essendi necesse esse the absolute necessity of Being 4. He doth so necessarily always exist that he necessarily is alwayes the same and hence his immutability whereby he is not subject unto but free from all change 1. God is always and the continuance of his Being is perpetual Because he had no Beginning no interruption nor ever shall have end of his Existence He hath no Beginning For before the Mountains were brought forth or ever thou hadst formed the Earth and the World even from everlasting to everlasting Thou art God saith the Author of Psal. 90. v. 2. By which words we understand 1. That God created the Mountains the Earth the World 2. That He was and did exist before they were created 3. That He was before them from everlasting without any beginning 4. That He continues without any interruption to everlasting without end This long and perpetual Existence is sometimes represented by His Co-Existence with all times or rather with all things in all times For He is acknowledged to be the Lord God Almighty which was and is and is to come Rev. 4. 8. He was in all times past is in all times present and shall be in all times to come Yet Time is not His Measure it 's too short and cannot measure his Everlasting Being which infinitely exceeds the Duration of the World He did exist when nothing did exist when nothing could co-exist with Him 2. He necessarily always exists For He had no cause of his Being without Himself neither could He be a Cause of His own Being For then He should have been before Himself which is impossible Neither is there or can be any cause either within or without Himself destructive of His Being He stands immoveably fixed in Himself so that it 's impossible to give or take away the least Particle of His Being 3. He is always necessarily the same For though the Heavens shall wax old as a garment and as a vesture be changed yet he shall enâ—ure and be the same and oâ— his years there shall be no end Psal. 102. 25 26 27. He is incorruptible Rom. 1. 23. Alone hath Immortality 1 Tim. 6. 16. In this Perfection of Immutability he far exceeds and excels all created Beings even the most excellent The Angels now are yet once they were not They had a Beginning of their Beeing after not being at all and are subject to return to nothing again That they are in some respect immortal and shall never ceale to be it 's extrinsecall unto them The continuance of their Being without end depends upon the Will of the great King their Creatour without whose support they cannot exist a moment upon whose Will their Being always doth depend And in that respect it 's not necessary but contingent Besides this essential change they are accidentally mutable and may of holy and happy become unholy and miserable as was evident by the Apostate Angels Therefore in all Creatures even in Angels we find a mutable Succession of Being after Not-being and a Subjection to Not-being after Being and a Being so and so after Being otherwise But there can be no Succession in this eternal and unchangeable Being which is every way perfect without any imperfections at all Yet if any thing exist it must necessarily co-exist with it And in this respect that of Boetius may be true that it is tota simul because free from all mutability and not subject any ways to any mutable Succession Therefore the Eternity of God infinitely differs from the Successive Duration of Angels yet the Duration of their Being is the most perfect of all Created Durations The Decrees of God which have things ad extra out of God for their Object are not properly Eternal For that is Eternal which hath nothing antecedent as a cause and is absolutely necessary But the Decrees of God presuppose the Divine Essence and Subsistence as antecedent and the Will of God as the cause and are contingent Because it was in the Free-will and good-pleasure of God whether he would Decree any thing out of himself or no and also whether he would Decree this or that thus or otherwise If not so all things would have been necessary and as necessary as God and the World had been a necessary effect of his Eternal Power How this unity and infiniteness in Immensity and Eternity necessarily concur to the greatness of God is evident to any unâ—erstanding man according to our manner of Understanding But how they necessarily conduce to make him an Universal Supream Eternal King and Monarch and an Universal Fountain of Eternall Bliss shall be declared hereafter Take any of these away from God he is neither absolutely Great nor Perfect And by all these we may easily perceive that our finite understanding can have no perfect notion of him that is Infinite but we rather know what he is not then what he is CHAP. VI. Of the Goodness of GOD. THE Goodness of God follows next after his Greatness § 1 and may be described to be that whereby He is one infinitely good For this Goodness we conceive it after the manner of a Quality though it be no Quality but his Essence according to that Axiom Nihil in Deo quod non Deus and cannot be conceived aright without his Greatness For conceive of any goodness as not essential one and infinite it cannot agree to God Therefore Divines do affirm the former Attributes of Unity infiniteness and Eternity of this goodness and all the Particulars thereof Some attribute this goodness to God as Vivens Living and his Greatness to him as Being Greatness without Goodness is no absolute Perfection therefore God is not onely great but good yet not onely good but great that his goodness may be great and that as he is the greatest so he may be the best Here I will not speak particularly of Metaphysical Natural Moral Goodness but onely say this That whatsoever kind of Goodness there is in any thing the same must be in God and
and the other parts no matter immediately capable of a â—orm to be either introduced into it or educed out of it by any agent but by God So that God supplyed wholly all the causes And when we say that God Created all things either mediately or immediately of nothing the word Nothing doth neither signifie the matter nor properly the term of that act but is a Negative and denyes all pre-existent matter in the first part of Creation Neither doth the word Create in Ancient authors signifie to make a thing of nothing as some think it doth Therefore we must learn what Creation is from the Scripture not from this or that word God by this Act did so clearly manifest his eternall power and God-head that it 's evident that he alone is the efficient cause and Maker of the World and that without the advice or assistance of any others and also without any tool or instrument It was a frâ—e act of God For he was no wayes necessitated to make the World or to make it before or after or at that time when he did make it or to produce it in this or that order or manner rather then another For he Created all things and for his pleasure they are and were Created Rev. 4. 11. He Created Heaven and Earth in the beginning The word may signifie the Beginning of time as its the measure of things existing and standing out of their causes in their proper entity Or it may referr to the first part of the Creation teaching us That in the beginning and first of all God created Heaven and Earth which was voyd and without form and afterwards he made Light the Firmament and other things or it may referr unto the whole Creation and signifyes unto us that the first Work of God was the Creation of the World in six dayes And in this sense Creation was the first issuing-forth of his Almighty Power to make and do some things out of Himself This was the Act of Creation § XI and the Effects were all things Created All things joyntly taken together are the World and the principall parts thereof are Heaven and Earth And because Heaven and Earth are not Vacant places as it is written that the Heavens and the Earth were finished with all the Host of them Gen. 2. â— Where the word Host signifies all things in Heaven and Earth And these are called The Host of them 1. Because they are Many 2. Because they were all Created in an excellent order So Paraeus on the place 3. Because they were the Ornament and beauty of Heaven and Earth Thus the Word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 uâ—ed by the Sepruaguit doth signifie By Heaven and Earth some understand by a Metonymie and Synechdoche all things Created as though these first words of the Scripture were an abridgement of the first Chapter of Genesis Others and upon better grounds do interpret Heaven to be the Heaven of Heavens and the Host thereof which is the innumerable multitude of Angells And Earth to be the Masse which was voyd and without form and the first rudiment and Seminary of all things Created-afterwards The first works of Creation therefore were Heaven and Angels The Scriptures tells us that there is an Heaven of Heavens which is sometimes called the Throne and Temple of God the third Heaven the place into which Christ ascended and where he will keep his residence till he come to judge the World No doubt its a Stately Glorious piece a place of Beauty and incomparable delight and therfore called Paradise In it are many Mansions where the Saints of God shall ever rest and enjoy their most excellent Inheritance Yet this highest place which is the Circumference of the World was not Created without the Host thereof which is the innumerable company of Angels These were concreated with the Heavens and are called the Angells of Heaven and by Creation as the Heavens so they are incorruptible and immortall Spirits which once began but shall never cease to live They are endued with a most piercing understanding free-Will and an admirable executive and active Power They were all at first righteous and holy like unto their God and had been for ever blessed as now the Holy Angels he if they had continued subject and obedient to the everlasting King who made them They were made and that in the Beginning as appeares from Psal. 104. 4. They were made before the foundation and Corner-stone of the earth was â—ay'd Job 38. 7. That they were Created long before the World was Jeroms groundlesse conceit And it was Austins fancy to think God made them when he said Let there be Light The Heaven of Heavens with their Host § XII was Created in the Beginning and with them the earth as co-aeval and concreated By Earth as appeares from the Text Gen. 1 2. was not meant this lowest part and Basis of the World as now it is for that was Created the third day but if we may so speak that first draught and imperfect Beeing which was as it were the rudiment and Seminary of this Lower world as distinct from the Heaven of Heavens and all things therein And if any thing may be called the first matter this surely is it which was so imperfect that only the skill and power of God could inform it And he did inform it and out of it made first the Elements and out of them all Mixt bodyes The first Elements was light which may be called the fire which is the purest the most subtil and active of all the rest and soared aloft into the highest place and the nature of it such that it hath great affinity with a Spirit and is next unto it The next was the Firmament which we call the Ayr And it was spread like a Curtain round about the Globe of the Earth and Water and takes up the space between them an the Aethereal light or fire a fit receptacle or subject to receive the Beames of light and being transparent to transmit them to the earth The third was the Water which first covered the earth and stood above the Mountaines but afterwards by the mighty power of God was reduced to the fluid substance which now we see it to be and gathered together into deep and Vast Channels of the earth whence the main Ocean and the narrow Seas and it s diffused into every part of the Earth through secret subterraneal Passages as through so many veines And hence our Springs Rivers Lakes The last the lowest and the dullest Element was the Earth And with it were created Minerals and Vegetables as Grasse Hearbs Plants and all Manner of Trees And with these he first furnished and beautified the earth the third day The Fourth he returns unto the Aetherial Part and creates the Sun Moon and Stars The two first as greater Lights the one for the Day the other for the Night together with the Stars These are the Lights and Lamps placed under the
severall persons may do the same act and yet not be equally sinfull there may be a great inequality in the sin 2. That there are degrees of sins as there shall be of punishments 3. That the more of will there is in any sin the more heynous the sin is and it 's the principall and intrinsecall aggravation of it This greater measure of Will appeares to be and manifests it self 1. In such as have helps meanes power to do that which is just and many and powerfull restraints from sin and yet commit it 2. In such as have many helps meanes motives to repentance and yet continue senslesse and secure 3. Those are most heynons which proceed not from ignorance and infirmity within nor from violence of temptation opposition and impediments without but from the pure and mere malignity of the Will Ignorance infirmity and strength of temptation make sin lesse the more excusable and pardonable Yet we may willfully or at least carelesly cast our selves upon temptation be ignorant through out negligence or willfulnesse we may go on in sin till it prove habitual and make us Slaves unto our own lust We may give way to one sin as Drunkennesse Covetousenesse or Ambition and so necessarily entangle our selves in other sins which those once having possessed our hearts make unavoydable In these cases sin is lesse excusable because we are the cause of our ignorance infirmity and disadvantage If any say that to intend murder and act it is more then barely to intend it the Answer is easy That if any not only intend it but proceed if not hindered to act it that doth manifest more of will and inclination to be in the heart then if he should only intend it and yet when he hath power doth not act it And so of Adultery and other sins 3. There be aggravations extrinsecal as from the qualification of the party offending from the party offended from the circumstances of time and place and such like which I passe by and come to the consequents of sin And they are of three sorts Such as follow 1. In respect of sin it self 2. In respect of the Law-giver and the Law 3. In respect of the Judge and judicial processe 1. In respect of sin it self the consequents are 1. Stain because it 's filthy 2. Shame because it 's base 3. Weakning the inclination to good because it 's contrary 2. In respect of the Law-giver and the law the Consequents are 1. Offence 2. Blame for it makes the party accusable and chargeable with it 3. Guilt because it makes liable to punishment 3. In respect of the Judge and judgement the consequents are fear sorrow conviction condemnation and suffering of punishment if not pardoned And the punishment deserved by mâ—n and inflicted by God is not only losse of that good which we enjoyed whilâ— obedient by obedience might have obtayned but the pressure of all evill threatned in the Law which the party hath justly deserved For God doth punish men in their Persons Bodyes Soules Name Friends Goods and other wayes and doth not onely take away blessings received but denyes and that justly mercyes promised but man suffers many positive evills even in this Life and yet all these are but the Beginning of Woe everlasting if not by mans timely repentance and Gods great mercy prevented These things concerning sin in generall premisd I proceed to the first sin of Adam in particular which was the subject of the first judgement passed upon Adam and all mankind And therein I will consider 1. The Sin it self 2. The causes of it 1. The sin it self was the disobedience to a Law of God and more particularly a positive Law that positive Law concerning the tree of knowledge of good and evill This sin in respect of the matter and the outward Act of eating the fruit of the tree seems not to be heynous And certainly if there had been no divine prohibition the act was in it self indifferent Morally and intrinsecally it was neither good nor evill But to eate of that fruit contrary to Gods prohibition and peremptory commination was heynous as being a contempt of Gods absolute powers and a breach of the first and great command from which all the rest derive their morality And it was a contempt not onely of his absolute power but of his severe justice And he that doth not regard the supreme and legislative power of any Prince will not feare to disobay any of his Lawes And it was more grievous for other reasons For the observation of that Law was very easie because the thing commanded was the forbearance of and abstinence from the fruit of one onely Tree whereof he had not the least need as having such plenty and variety of so many kinds of delicates He that will not yearly pay a pepper-corn in acknowledgment of the eminent dominion of a chief-Lord for a vast estate freely given him upon such easie termes is most unworthy of it Againe the law was cleare and easie to be understood and he knew it well and had full and perfect power to keep it and that without any difficulty Besides upon this petty act of obedience the eternall welfare of him and mankind his Posterity did depend and if he once tranâ—grest it he had not the least colour to expect any thing but absolute condemnation to eternal death Neither could all the Powers of darknesse force or necessitate him to touch â—ast the forbidden fruit To eare it therefore must be a complication of a multitude of heynous sins as ingratitude unbelief cruelty to himself and his posterity Yet though it was so heynous yet it came short of and was lesse grievous then the first revolt of Angels For he was tempted surprized circumvented but so they were not After that we know § VII what the first sin in particular is let 's consider the causes and they are 1. Blameable 2. Blamelesse Blameable were the persons tempting and the Persons tempted The partyes tempting were the Devills united in a body Politick under the Prince of Devills their Generall and Commander in chief To understand this better I will enquire into the nature of temptation examine Who the tempter and what this temptation in particular is 1. Temptation unto evill and Sin is opposed to the truth of God to his law and therein to his Precepts prohibitions promises threats as they are meanes to inform the understanding in the truth and move the Will unto obedience The end of it is to blind the understanding and pervert the Will It blinds the understanding either by taking away or hindering the clear light of the truth or deluding it with falshood or errours by representing that as good and just which is evill and unjust or that which is just and good as evill and unjust and if it once cause the mind to doubt of or deny the truth it 's likely to prevaylâ—e For by this meanes it takes away the feare of punishment
tranâ—gressed by man at first could be no blameable cause of sin is evident because it was just easie to be observed man had power given him to keep it and the Law it self did express what and how great the evil would be whereunto man should certainly be liable if he transgressed and this was done to restrain man from sin for his own good By all this it 's evident that the first sin was neither from God nor the Law of God so as they could be blamed but from the Devil Woman Man who were justly chargable with it and punishable for it Let no man therefore charge God who is most holy nor the Decree of God nor the Law of God with sin as any ways a proper cause thereof Let God be true and every man a Lyaâ— as it is written That thou mightest be justified in thy saying and overcome when thou art judged Rom. 3. 4. But let every one charge his own heart and with all humility and grief confess his own sin It 's true that the temptation of the Devil tends directly to sin yet that could do us no hurt if we did resolutely reject it and not consent unto it CHAP. XIII Of God's Judicial Proceeding against Man upon the Commission of the first Sin HItherto § I I have spoken briefly of Sin in general and the first sin of man in particular as the Object of the Judgment of God which followed upon the perpetration of that sin In this Judgment God was the Judge Man the Party judged the Rule not onely the Moral but positive Law of God He was not bound to this Rule and therefore though in many things he observes it yet in some things he acts above it as supream Lord above his own Law and allays the severity of his Justice with abundance of Free-grace The Law promiâ—ed no mercy if man disobeyed yet he promiseth mercy even in the midst of Judgment and upon fairest terms This Judgment is described exactly in Gen. 3. Wherein we may observe the sin of man and the judgment of God The sin with the causes thereof and the first effects thereof before judgment the observant Reader will easily understand in the first part of that Chapter The Effects were two 1. Shame 2. Fear Shame for they saw their own Nakedness Fear For they heard the Voice of God and were afraid They sought to cover their shame and to hide themselves from God's Presence but both in vain In the Judgment or judicial proceedings â—ive things are most observable 1. The Summons 2. The Charge 3. The Conviction of the Parties summoned and convinced 4. God's Sentence 5. The Execution of the same God being Supream and absolute Lord was no ways bound to observe Formalities yet he omits nothing essential to judgment And this was the first great Court and Solemn Assizes kept on Earth 1. We have the Summons in these words Adam where art thou The end of Summons is Appearance which in respect of God was needless because of his Omnipresence And where could man disappear or hide himself from his All seeing Eye Yet because man had a foolish and fond conceit that he miâ—ht conceal himself God calls him out and by these words lets him know that 't was in vain to hide himself For let him be in the darkest and most secret place in the World yet there God was present and he did appear before his Tribunal For these words were not of ignorance as though God knew not where he was but a judicial Summons commanding him to appear before him where he should have full liberty to plead for himself Yet these words were not a bare Summons but a Charge For they implyed 1. That Adam did hide himself And 2. There must be some cause of it and there could be no cause but sin For why should an innocent person hide himself or seek to escape the presence of a just Judge The Righteous are as bold as a Lyon and dare look the greatest Judge in the face By this flying Gods presence he accused himself as guilty and sought to decline the Tryall This is a generall charge Adam upon this appeares and exuseth his hiding of himself but so that he rather accuseth himself by pretending that the cause of his hiding himself was his Nakednesse and the Presence of God whereas it was guilt of Conscience Therefore God taking hold of his own words proceeds to a Particular charge That surely he had transgressed the Law and had eaten of the Tree whereof God had commanded him that he should not eate Who should tell him that he was naked or how should he know it except he had offended This came so home and the crime was so evident and his own conscience so full a Witnesse that he could not deny it And therefore confesseth his offence yet so that he endeavours to attenuate it and excuse himself Thus the man was convicted yet so that he accuseth his Wife Sin is so odious filthy base that the Sinner himself is ashamed to own it but would charge it upon some other he cares not whom so that he might free himself And if man cannot deny his fact or prove it not to be a Sin yet he will endeavour to make it appeare lesse then it is that his shame and punishment may be lesse For we are not asham'd or affraid to Sin Yet when our Sin is charged upon us we are both ashamed of it and affraid of the punishment deserved Thus whilst Adam excuseth himself to no purpose he accuseth his dearly beloved Spouse and she indeed was two wayes guilty Not onely 1. Because she had eaten the forbidden fruit but 2. Because she had given it her husband to eate She therefor is summoned accused and convicted For she could no wayes plead Not guilty Yet she is willing to excuse her self and pleads she was deceived and the Serpent that is the Devill had deceived her Yet this could by no wayes clear and acquit her seeing she knew the Law and the words were plain and she had power not onely to resist but to overcome the Temptation For the controversie between the Devill and her if she had well considered proved in the issue to be this whether she should believe God saying If thou eate of that Tree thou shalt surely dye or the Devill saying Though thou eate thereof thou shalt not dye in plain contradiction to the Words of God The old Serpent the Devil and Sathan had no excuse none to cast the blame upon His crime was evident and notorious And thus the cause was evident and the partyes clearly convicted After conviction followes sentence § II declaring the Will of the supreme Judg concerning the Delinquents And 1. We must think and know that the Spirit in this History condescends unto our capacity and after the manner of humane judgements describes the judgement of God as in severall places of the new Testament our Saviour doth especially in Math. 25. 2. The order
Actual Enjoyment of Salvation and Eternal Glory is granted as merited by this Death ver 28. All these are summed up in that one of the Eternal Consecration of the Sanctified Chap. 10. 14. Seeing Christ merited many and glorious things for sinful man § VI he must needs merit some greater thing for himself and so he did For because he humbled himself so low and took upon him the form of a Servant and was obedient unto death the death of the Cross Therefore God highly exalted Him and gave Him a Name which is above every Name Phil. 2. 9. And God advanced Him far above all Principality and Power and Might and Dominion and every Name that is named not onely in this World but in that which is to come and hath put all things under his feet and gave Him to be Head over all things to the Church Ephes. 1. 21 22. By which we may understand that He merited to Himself a Supream and Universal Power in Heaven and Earth and not onely power over all flesh but over all Creatures even over all Angels And He was invested with this power immediately upon the Resurrection for then He was made universal Prophet Priest and King and upon His Ascension followed His Solemn Inauguration and Coronation as we may so speak when He was set at the right hand of God and then His Eternal and unchangeable Priest-hood was confirmed unto Him by an Oath 2. He merited Immortality the Place and Throne of Glory fulness of joy in His Fathers presence and pleasures at His right hand for evermore He attained Immortality upon His Resurrection the Place and Throne of Glory fulness of joy and Eternal Pleasures upon His Aâ—cension 3. He merited a Judgment to be passed upon the Devil to lose his power over Mankind and the same to be transferred upon Himself and a strength to rescue him out of Sathan's possession aâ— will and pleasure 4. He merited a power to send down the Holy Ghost to reveal the Gospel and in a special manner to head His Church protect it guide it give it everlasting peace and in respect of His highest Dignity that not onely Men but Angels shall worship and honour Him and all such as refuse so to do must be dashed in pieces with His Iron-Scepter and cast into Hell Christ's Sufferings being 1. An Obedience unto the Death of the Cross § VII and a Sacrifice And 2. Having many and glorious Effects one and the same principal being the Acquisition of a new Power over Mankind The 3. Thing in order is the manner and measure of the communication of the benefit thereof unto others That the benefit of this Death and Sacrifice is communicable to sinful Man is express Scripture For as by the offence of One Judgment came upon all men unto condemnation even so by the Righteousness of One the free gift came unto all men unto justification of life And again As by one man's disobedience many were made sinners so by the obedience of One shall many be made righteous Rom. 5. 18 19. And since by man came death by Man came also the Resurrection of the Dead for as in Adam all dye so in Christ shall all be made alive 1 Cor. 15. 21 22. From which places it 's clear that as from Adam Sin and Death were derived upon all men so Righteousness and Life are derived upon Mankind by Christ. But the Question will be 1. How 2. How far this Benefit is derived 1. If we enquire of the manner how Righteousness and Life is derived from Christ being One unto so many we shall find that this cannot be except Christ be a general Head of Mankind and one person with them as Adam was And this He could not be as He was the Word properly but as the Word made Flesh for if He will sanctifie them he must take Flesh and Bloud with the Sanctified and so be Man Yet He may be Man and not a general Person so as to be one with them and we do not read of any but onely two who were general Heads and in some respect virtually all Mankind the first and second Adam Such Christ was not but by the Will of God and His own voluntary Consent The Will of God appoints Him to be the Head of Mankind and their Surety and Hostage and so accounted Him and He did willingly submit and took upon Him the Person of others And the principal cause of this Representation whereby He is one Person with us is the Will of God who as Lord made Him such and as Law-giver and Judge did so account Him But 2. How far is He One Person with us The Answer is 1. In general so far as it pleased God to make Him so and no farther 2. In particular He and We are One so far 1. As to make Him liable to the Penalty of the Law which He suffered not for Himself but for us 2. So far as to free us from that Obligation and derive the benefit of His Death to Us. I may instance in a Debtour and his Surety who are one person and the Law so accounts them so far as 1. The Surety becomes liable to the Debt And 2. If he pay it the Principal is freed from the Obligation Yet the Surety is not the Principal nor if he pay the Debt with his own money doth the Principal pay it with his So though Christ be so far one with us as to be liable to the Penalty of the Law and to suffer it and upon this Suffering we are freed yet Christ is not the sinner nor the sinner Christ. Christ is the Word made Flesh innocent and without sin an universal Priest and King but we are none of these Though we be accounted as one person in Law with him by a Trope yet in proper sense it cannot be said that in Christ satisfying we satisfied for our own sins For then we should have been the Word made Flesh able to plead innocency with perfect and perpetual obedience have dyed upon the Cross when He was crucified and by our own blood entring into the Holy Place to have obtained Eternal Redemption But all these things are false impossible blasphemous if affirmed by any It 's true that we were so one with Him that He satisfied for us and the benefits of this Satisfaction redounds to us and is communicable to all upon certain tearms though not actually communicated to all From this Vnity and Identity of Person in Law if I may so speak it follows clearly that Christ's Sufferings were not onely Afflictions but Punishments in proper sense For it is not material whether He suffer for His own sins which He could not because He was innocent or for the sins of others For if He suffered for sins then His Sufferings were Punishments For Poena is Vindâ—cta noxae sive propriae sive alienae That one may suffer for the sins of others and that justly except we will accuse God of injustice
for an Act of Divine Power as it is a cause of subjection which must â—o before admission To understand this we must consider the Subject of it and that is Man as sub alienâ potestate under the power of Sin and Sathan and so out of God's Kingâ—om and as an Alien to this Heavenly Common-wealth and such is every one by Nature as he is out of Jesus Christ. Yet there are degrees of this distance some are further off some nearer to this Kingdom This is evident from the condition of Jews and Gentiles in former times and always especially since the times of the Gospel Because all men are either in the visible Church or out of it And men may be out of the Church two ways 1. As never admitted into the same Or 2. Such as being in the Church prove Apostates The Gentiles once were not Gentiles For their first Apostate Fathers were in the Church and the Jews in former times were God's people but for their unbelief are cast out and continue LO-AMMI none of God's people and this shall be their condition till such time as the fulness of the Gentiles be come in And we must distinguish of such as are in the visible Church for some are sincerely subjected unto God-Redeemer according to their Allegiance Some are Subjects onely by Name and Profession and by their ignorance unbelief disobedience are little better then Heathens and Aliens Some are subject in some measure but come short of that degree which is required to admission All these excepting one sort are out of this Kingdome as it consists of reall Saints and living members of Christ. Apostates shall never be called much lesse admitted if they be personally and wilfully such For if we sin wilfully after we have received the knowledge of the truth there remaineth no more Sacrifice for sins Heb. 10. 26. and if no more Sacrifice then calling is in vain and to no purpose Yet the posterity of Apostates may be and have been called And if once God vouchsafe the meanes of conversion to Idolators who have forsaken not only God as their Redeemer but as Creatour and Preserver he requires of them to renounce the Devil and turn from their Idols to the living God first and then unto him as Redeemer by Jesus Christ. They which have forsaken Jesus Christ or deny him as their Saviour and yet acknowledge and worship God alone as the Creatour of Heaven and Earth the Preserver and Governour of the World as Turks all Mahumetans and the unbelieving Jews do at this day are bound to acknowledge Christ as their Saviour and Redeemer and sure his incarnation and glorification as already come into the World The case of the Jew in the times of Christ and the Apostles was singular For the sincere Proselyte and Jew had onely this to do to believe in Christ already come as before they believed in him to come and so they became compleat members of the Church Christian and perfectly subjects of the Kingdome of Christ glorified The Ignorant and Prophane as also the Hypocrits must forsake their wicked wayes and sincerely submit themselves Yet none of these things can be done without a power from Heaven and a Vocation which is a gracious work of God Redeemer wherein he by his Word and Spirit reduceth man to subjection so that he is fitted to be a subject of his Blessed Kingdome For by Calling we are delivered from the power of darknesse and translated into the Kingdome of His Dear Son Col. 1. 13. Therefore said to be called out of darknesse into his marveylous light 1 Pet. 2. 9. And upon this they who were not a people are made the people of God verse 10. For God will put his lawes into their mind and write them in their hearts and thereupon He will be their God and they shall be to him a People Heb. 8. 10. In all these Passages and many more it 's evident 1. That by nature and as born of sinfull Adam we are in darknesse out of Gods Kingdome none of Gods People 2. That we passe out of darknesse into light and into Christs Kingdom 3. This is not a work of our own merit or power For it 's God that delivers us translates us writes his lawes in our hearts and this of his free mercy and by his great and wonderfull power 4. By this we become Gods people and subjects of Christ's Kingdom And all this is said to be by calling For he called us out of darknesse into his marvaylous light All these particulars are expressed or implyed in those words of the Apostle who signifies that God would send him to the Gentiles to open their eves and to turn them from darknesse to light and from the power of Sathan unto God that they may receive remission of sins and as inheritance among them which are sanctifyed by saith in Christ Act. 26. 17 18. This Vocation § VII as it is an act of power and great mercy and free grace for by grace we are saved so it s a work which is effected by the Word and Spirit For as we are regenerate so we are called and we are regenerate 1. By the Word 2. By the Spirit By the Word For of his own will he begat us with the word of truth Jam. 1. 18. By the Spirit For except a man be born again of water and the Spirit he cannot enter into the Kingdome of God Joh. 3. 5. In the Word God commands and promiseth The command binds man to submit The promise is a motive to enforce the performance of the precept This we maâ— understand and observe in the Call of Abraham For 1. He is commanded to get him out of his Countrey and from his kindred and from his Fathers house unto a land that God would shew him and to perswade him God promiseth to make him a great nation and to blesse him c. But the principall promise was that in him all the familyes of the earth should be blessed Gen. 12. 1. 2 3. This precept implyes that man is under the domiâ—ion of sin and Sathan and therefore commands him to forsake his sin and Sathan and turn from Satan unto God In this God makes use of the Doctrine of the fall of Adam and the Morall Law as given unto him and binding him to perfect and perpetual obedience and upon disobedience threatning Death And by the precept is discovered mans sin and by threatning his misery to humble him break his heart make him weary of sin and desirous of deliverance and willing upon any termes to accept a Saviour Yet this gives him no Comfort nor any Power to do that which is his duty though God make use of it to prepare mans heart The first dutyes commanded are 1. A sight of sin as sin in our selves whereby we are miserable The 2. Is saith whereby we believe that God being satisfyed and attoned by the blood of Christ will be mercifull and pardon sin This faith
and Mercerus understand it Yea the Apostle himself informs us that the people fore-known Rom. 11. 2. are a Remnant according to the Election of Grace ver 5. And the Election that is the persons elected ver 7. So that to fore-know is to decree to Call and is the same with the decree of Election strictly taken 3. Predestination § X in this place is distinct from Election or Fore-knowledge and is a decree to justifie adopt and glorifie the Elect or Called For in these words of the Apostle To be conformed to the Image of his Son is to be glorified For Image in several places of the Old Testament is taken for Glory So O Lord when thou awakest thou wilt despise their Image that is their Glory Psal. 73. 20. When I awake I shall be satisfied with thy likeness that is thy Glory Psal. 17. 15. The similitude of the Lord shall He that is Moses behold that is his glory Numb 12. 8. In both places the Septuagint turn the word which signifies likeness or image glory And in the New Testament Man is the Image and glory of God 1 Cor. 11. 7. And though not here yet in another place God is said to predestinate us to Adoption Ephes. 1. 15. Where Adoption may be glory for so sometimes it 's taken And it 's implyed That we are Predestinate unto an Inheritance ver 11. 4. Election signifies both when it is written That God hath chosen you that is the Thessalonians to Salvation through Sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth 2 Thess. 2. 13. 5. The Subject of Election is Man but not as Man merely nor as man made nor to be made nor as fallen in massâ corruptâ though man may be considered under all these notions but the immediate subject of Election and Predestination is every person considered in that condition as God shall find him when he calls him For the execution of Election begins in that Calling upon which follows the first sincere Conversion And because in many this Calling goes long before final Faith as final Therefore man as finally believing is not the immediate Object of Election though final Believers be the immediate Subject of Glorification The first Compilers of the Articles of Subscription for the Church of England in King Edward the 6th His Reign do understand Predestination and Election for two distinct and different Acts of God as appears by the 17th Article For they make the Elect to be the Object of Predestination and imply that Election is Antecedent to Predestination But whether they meant by Election a Decree to Call is difficult to determine Neither need we trouble our selves in the search thereof because our Rules is the Scripture and their words are capable of a good sense Thus much may be sufficient for the explication of the words § X The thing signified by the Words in the next place is to be examined Election taken in the larger sense both for the Decree of Calling and Predestination too may be defined from 2 Thess. 2. 13. to be A Decree of God whereby He determined to chuse certain persons unto Salvation through Sanctification of the Spirit and Belief of the Truth Or thus more at large It is a Decree of God whereby He decreed according to His good pleasure before the Foundation of the world to call certain particular persons and by Christ to justifie and glorifie them First the general Nature of Election is a Decree A Decree is an Act of the Will that act which we call a determination or resolution to do something and this is an act of God's Will and according to our manner of understanding and the expression of the Scriptures it doth pre-suppose his counsel and practical knowledge directing the Will For we are said to be predestinate according to the good pleasure of Him who worketh all things according to the counsell of his will Ephes. 1. 11. Where observe 1. That the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is turned Purpose signifies sometimes good pleasure and so it s to be understood there 2. That Counsell is antecedent to the Will and directs the determination thereof As the general Act is a Decree So Secondly the Decree was passed by God before the Foundation of the world and the existence of things and in this respect is not onely Destination but Predestination Yet this Decree is not properly Eternal as the existence of the Deity and the immanent Acts of God upon Himself are 3. This Decree was not onely a free act but an act of free and abundant grace and mercy in Christ therefore said to be according to the good pleasure of His Will to the praise of the glory of His Grace wherein He hath made us accepted in His Beloved Ephes. 1. 5 6. 4. The Object or Subject of this Decree is sinful man yet considered as redeemed by Christ For otherwise He could not be eligible or predestinable to Salvation and Eternal Glory seeing that by the first Law of Works transgressed he was a Vessel of Wrath and as such in no possibility of Salvation For once guilty he was no way save-able but by Christ's Redemption and the New Covenant Therefore we are said to be chosen in Christ to be predestinate unto the Adoption of Children by Jesus Christ Ephes. 1. 4 5. And from hence it followeth that there was no merit in man fore-seen nor any cause out of God that might move God or determine His Will The merit of Christ fore-known could not necessitate His Will yea neither final Faith fore-seen nor the foresight it self of Faith could any ways pre-determine God's Will But this Will did freely determine it self both in general to chuse any and much more to chuse these or those particular persons The fore-knowledge of Christ Faith good-works final perseverance as possible could not make the Salvation of sinful man to be future for the futurition of it depended merely upon his good pleasure yet directed by his Wisdom And the Object of this Decree was not man in general but certain single persons and the same not onely guilty by the first Sin of Adam but by many other actual sins even all their actual transgressions which they had committed before God's effectual Call and their Conversion Yet this is to be understood of such as are Adulti and at age before their Conversion This is evident both out of the Epistle to the Romanes but especially in that to the Ephesians Chap. 1. 4 5 11. and that to the Thessalonians 2 Chap. 2. 13. For we find the subject to be persons and such as were guilty not onely of the first sin but many proper actual sins before their Conversion and their Election pre-supposeth Christ the Redemption the Covenant The Remonstrants inform us that the Decrees of Predestination are these 1. A Decree to give Christ to redeem sinful man 2. A Decree to save all those who shall sincerely and finally believe in Him 3. A Decree
to give grace sufficient and necessary and effectual to work repentance and faith in Christ. 4. Upon his fore-knowledge of the event of these means administred to choose single persons fore-seen finally to believe Yet if we will understand consider and speak accurately The 1. Is the Decree of Redemption The 2. Of the Covenant The 3. Of giving the means of Conversion But none of these are the Decree of Election Nor is the 4th as delivered by them Others imagine Election to be a Decree to save certain single persons without respect to sin Christ the Covenant-grace for keeping the Covenant And these for the most part make this Decree antecedent to the Decree of Redemption and the Covenant All these forsake the simplicity of the Scriptures which teach us that this Decree essentially includes single persons the means the end and pre-supposeth the Providence and Government of Man first innocent in Adam then fallen afterwards continuing in sin till God call him according to purpose And also the Decâ—ee of sending Christ of the Redemption by Christ and of the New Covenant 5. This Decree hath something of absolute and arbitrary power according to that Similitude Hath not the Potter power c. Rom. 9. 21. For as He could have called and converted all so He could have decreed to have saved all yet He hath done neither He hath passed by many And this Preteâ—ition which is rather Non-Decretum than Decretum is made by some to be Reprobation Yet Reprobation according to Scripture is a Positive Decree according to which God not onely in His absolute power passeth by certain single persons but also decrees to order them according to His Laws and Judgment unto Eternal Misery That there is such a Preterition is certain but that this Preterition is the whose Decree of Reprobation upon which follows necessarily and unavoidably Eternal Death who can evidently prove out of God's Word 7. As this Decree of Election doth con-note an absolute and arbitrary power of God's Will so no reason thereof can be given but from his good pleasure and we must say with the Scripture he will have mercy upon whom He will have mercy and whom He will He hardeneth Yet in God's Eternal Wisdom there may be many Reasons of both and the same weighty and preponderant perhaps though they are concealed and not made known to us For there is no act of Ordination of intellectual and immortal Creatures unto their final estate of felicity and misery that is an act of mere absolute Power as abstracted from all Mercy Wisdom sustice In the execution of the Decree there is given a plain reason of the Rejection of the Jew and that is Vnbelief Rom. 9. 31 32. Chap. 11. 20. Yet no reason or cause in the Gentiles why God called them but His absolute power free-will mere grace yet of their first Rejection the moral cause in themselves was their Idolatry and Apostacy Yet 1. Why did not God prevent the Apostasie of the Gentiles but reject the generality of them for two thousand years and chuse the Jew and the Posterity of Abraham by Jacob and continue them His people for so many hundred years And 2. Why He should reject the Jew and take away from the generality of them both the Word of the Gospel and the Spirit for these sixteen hundred years and upward and chuse the Gentiles And 3. Why in the end He should choose both in one main Body no Wit of man can give a reason Therefore the Apostle cryes out O the depth of the riches both of the Wisdom and Knowledge of God! How unsearchable are his Judgments and his ways past finding out Rom. 11. 33. Which place implyes 1. That there were weighty Reason why God did thus for they were Acts of His profoundest Wisdom 2. That these Reasons to Man and perhaps to Angels are unsearchable 7. These Decrees are no ways contrary unto but exactly agreeing with the Redemption by Christ the tenour of the New-Covenant the Execution and the final Judgment if we truly understand them as they are revealed in Scripture And He muâ—â— needs be a false Prophet who shall tech them otherwise and he that shall so teach them as to derogate the least from Free-grace in Christ is inexcusable There be two Propositions unworthy to be made Principles in this Doctrine § XI The first is Quod Primum in intentione id ultimum in executione That which is first in intention is last in execution The second is Ordinatè volens prius vult finem deinde media ad finem He that acts rationally and orderly first wills the end then the means to the end and yet these are made Principles in Divinity and must be the measure and rule according to which we must understand the Word of God speaking of these high and mysterious Decrees Yet 1. These do not agree unto God but applyed unto him derogate from His glorious Perfections 2. They are neither truly understood nor rightly applyed to the Decrees of God 3. The first taken out of the Blasphemous Commentator whom some think to be Averâ—oes or some other is falsly understood and otherwise interpreted than the Author first meant it as Occam tells us For thus some expound it That which is the chiefest thing in intention is that to which all things in the Execution are ultimately referred And what 's this to their purpose who use or rather abuse it 4. The second is by the School-men and such as follow them applyed to the Decree of Election in this manner That seeing God is the most orderly Agent He must needs first intend glory unto sinful man as the end Secondly grace as the means for glory Yet as that excellent School-man saith well That glory is not the end of God predestinating but of man predestinated and it was indifferent to him whether to will Glory the end or Grace the means first in order and as He gives Grace first and then Glory so no doubt He decreed to do so To say and affirm that first God absolutely chose such persons then decreed to give them glory thirdly that they might attain glory He intends and decrees to give them Christ and grace are groundless speculations and the imaginations of mens hearts who conceive of God as they do of themselves But here we may truly say How far are God's thoughts above the thoughts of silly sinful ignorant men That there are Decrees of Election and Reprobation Free-will natural and Grace is evident out of Scripture and most men even such as differ amongst themselves do grant but how to reconcile these hath been the business of the subtillest Wits and is not yet so clearly done as to satisfie others The manner of Conversion the manner how God fore-knows and decrees all things especially the contingent and free acts of Angels and Men cannot be evidentâ—y known by us neither is it needful Scientia media decreta ex hypothesi vocatio congrua are much
controverted yet Sub judice lis est to this day We have no perfect notions of God's Knowledge and Decrees nor of His manner of Working in the Souls of men Therefore it were wisdom to be silent If we desire to know our own Election we must not curiously pry into God's secret Counsels nor search the Records of Eternity for that we cannot do But let us diligently examine our selves and if our hearts have been sincerely obedient to the Heavenly Call wholly subjected to Christ and feel the power and comforts of God's sanctifying and adopting Spirit having dominion over Sin then we may conclude that our names are registred in Heaven and enrolled in the Book of Life and we are Subjects of this glorious Kingdom Thus you have heard § XII what Subjection is required by the Fundamental Law of this Kingdom and the means whereby we are reduced And this Subjection must be free not forced sincere not seigned It 's true that Man upon the first Summons and Call will stand out and be unwilling to change his old Master and forsake his bosome sin Yet such is the power of this Heavenly Call that in the end it will prevail For when the glorious power of the Spirit with the purest light of the Gospel shall penetrate the inmost parts of the Soul discover unto him his vile base miâ—erable condition the imminent danger of Eternal Death the unspeakable Love of God the bitter Sufferings of Christ the Excellency of him his Saviour the great Deliverance from Hell and Eternal Death and the blessed and glorious Estate which will follow upon his submission then the heart by the power of Grace of unwilling is made most willing and receives with all readiness his Lord as onely Redeemer and will do any thing suffer any thing lose any thing to be one of his Vassals After this brief Discourse of Predestination § XIII which is the first beginning of man's Eternal Salvation and the IDEA and Model of God's special Government according to which He calls Converts admits sinful man as a subject of His Kingdom and directs him unto the full enjoyment of Eternal Peace and also of Calling whereby this Decree begins to be put in execution and sinful Man is reduced it remains that we enquire what the condition of man upon his sincere submission proves to be For this end we must observe 1. That God according to His absolute power calls whom He will For He is bound to none and therefore without any injustice He may pass by not onely particular persons but whole Nations yea the greatest part of Mankind especially upon their demerit 2. That to whomsoever He vouchsafeth the means of Conversion them He may be truly said to Call 3. That the issue and event of this Call is two-fold for some stand our some come in Those who stand out either by their secular employments Earthly care and love of the World are kept back or being spiteful and malicious oppose persecute and murther God's Messengers As these voluntarily refuse to submit so they are for ever shut out of this Kingdom and all of them especially the malicious wilful Wretches are counted Rebels and so adjudged Enemies and so to be dealt withall For here is no different and third sort of people which may be reckoned Neuters For all are either Subjects or Enemies Of such as come in some submit in Hypocrisie some imperfectly some with all their hearts sincerely and the Hypocrites are either gross or not so palpable All this we may learn from that Parable of our Saviour Math. 22. 1 2 3. c. Of those who submit is made the visible Church on Earth which universally considered since the first publication of the Gospel to all Nations are 1. Christians 2. Reduced into several Societies and Flocks for Doctrine and Worship over which are set Ministers and their Priviledges are Word and Sacraments And the Universal Church in all the several parts of the World wheresoever they are dispersed make one Political and Organical Body and are all subject to Christ their Head and to their Ministers as His Officers And in this respect the Government of the Church is Monarchical And as the Word and Sacraments are Priviledges of the Universal Church so Ministers rightly and duâ—y called are Officers of the same And we are first Subjects unto Christ and Members of the great Body before we be Members of this or that particular Church But of this I have spoken in another Treatise 3. They are associated for Discipline the end whereof is to preserve the Doctrine and Woâ—ship pure and the body free from scandalous and infecting Members The Power of the Church thus associated is four-fold 1. To declare and constitute Canons 2. To make Officers 3. To exercise Jurisdiction 4. To dispose of the Churches stock made up of the Charity and Benevolence of the People This power is in the whole Church and Body associated It 's exercised by Officers chosen and constituted according to the Rules of Christ for that purpose The acts of Jurisdiction are to admonish suspend excommunicate or absolve according as they shall see just cause The whole Church particular may trust one man or more with a general inspection without giving any jurisdiction Many particular Congregations instituted for Worship may associate into one Body for Discipline and then the power is not derived from the particular Congregations to the whole but from the whole Association to the Parts These Associations may be of too narrow or too vast an extent of too small a number or too great a multitude And the Parts and Members are most fitly united and conveniently disposed by vicinity of Habitation These particulars I have at large made evident according to my Talent out of the Scripture in a former distinct Discourse All these Associations the great and glorious Lord Redeemer makes use of in administration of His Kingdom But one onely part of these make up the Body of His Spiritual Kingdom which shall inherit the Eternal Glory of the same and they are such as submit at the first sincerely and with their whole heart Yet there be degrees of this Subjection and the best may and must improve their submission until their corruptions be fully subdued and they perfectly sanctified For before they are not capable of full communion with their God and the perfect enjoyment of Eternal Peace Besides there be several degrees of Preparation before we attain to sincere submission and admission into this blessed Common-wealth of Israel The condition of such as sincerely acknowledge their Soveraign and Lord Redeemer is comfortable here in this life and glorious hereafter For the present as they are admitted Subjects unto God their Father so they who were far off are made nigh and by Christ have access by one Spirit to the Father are no more strangers and Forreigners but Fellow-Citizens with the Saints and Houshold of God Ephes. 2. 13 18 19. And by reason of this
same is gone and stays no longer As this life is the subject of this Commandement so the end of it is to preserve the same and not to break the Bands of Union till it be God's time Soul and Body must part It is Negative § III and so a prohibition of some sin and this sin is murther To kill 1. In general is to take away the life of any living Creature and this is not the sin 2. It 's to take away the life of man neither is this absolutely and simply the Crime For the life of man may be taken away and yet justly Now God doth never forbid any thing that is just yet this may be so just that it would be injustice not to do it 3. Murther here forbidden is to take away the life of man unjustly and without Warrant from God To understand this sin of Murther we must observe certain distinctions For 1. It 's Negative or Positive 2. It 's total or partial 3. It 's inchoat or consummate Negative Murther is when we deny to give or do something when it 's our Duty without which life cannot subsist or continue as shall appear hereafter Positive when we by some violence or some other way do that which is destructive or tends to the destruction of life So the life of many a man is taken away by Poyson and other secret Plots devised by cursed Wretches and put in execution by bloody Villains It 's totall when life is wholly taken away immediately or the body receives some mortall harm so that life is irrecoverable Partiall Murther is committed by wounds blows stripes or other violence which destroyes a limb or limbs for all these hazard life and take away the perfection of it and tend to destruction It 's inchoate in the mind and heart first and then in words In the mind as by violent passions of anger wrath fury and rage or by malice and hatred For all murther is begun in the heart and the more of Will consent and resolution there is is the more heynous Therefore Wilfull Murther is accounted most heynous and Man-slaughter is a grievous sin though not so grievous as the former Both issue out of the heart for out of the heart proceed evill thoughts Murthers c Luke 15. 19. Chance-medly as we call it in our law indeed takes away life but the party thus killing his Neighbour whom he formerly loved or did not hate is rather unhappy then wicked because there is nothing of Will in it God therefore assigned Cityes of Refuge for the protection of such Yet these if when they did this they were either vainly or ill imployed have much cause to be deeply humbled For no such unhappy event can fall out without the Will of our Heavenly Father who could easily have prevented that sad accident The most bloody disposition of the mind which is most directly contrary to this Commandement is that of hatred and deliberate malice Therfore it is said that he that hateth his Brother is a Murtherer 1 Joh. 3. 15. Yet Anger and Wrath if rash and unjust are transgressions of this Law in the judgement of our Blessed Saviour Math. 5. 20. If anger be continued it becomes malice and that malice is most accursed which deliberates and resolves of Murder and proves implacable though it commit not the fact onely because of want of powâ—r and opportunity or for feare of some mischief which may befall the party himself if he put the bloody design in execution Yet to hate and actually Murder is more then to hate and not to Murther absolutely considered There is another degree of this sin in bitter spitefull reviling contumelious words For whosoever shall say unto his Brother Racha shall be in danger of the Councell But whosoever shall say Thou Fool shall be in danger of Hell fire Mat. 5. 21. The former word seemes to be a terme or expression of passion the other of contempt There be also treacherous words which tend to the taking away of life and there be whisperings backbiting standering and tales all tending to shed blood Ezek. 22. 9. There be words which are softer then oyle and yet are drawn Swords Psal. 55. 21. There are persons who whet their tongues like a sword and bend their bow to shoot their arrowes even bitter words Psal. 64. 3. Doeg's words did cut like a sharp Razour and cut off the lives of the innocent Priests Psal. 52. 2. Thus this bloody sin is begun in the heart and tongue of man Yet it cannot be consummate without the Hand which is the instrument to execute and accomplish what Thoughts and Words have begun Again in this sin § IV as in others some may be principall some accessory and so guilty by consent counsell assistance connivence in concealing or not hindering or some other way And whosoever shall not use all meanes to prevent and save the innocent or not endeavour to see the Murder once committed punished are guilty of blood In this respect the Priest and Levite passing by a man wounded and half dead yet neither pitying him nor endeavouring to recover him were guilty Luke 10. 30. For if we should do our diligence to save the life of a beast much more the precious life of man Let 's heare what God saith in this particular If thou forbear to deliver them who are drawn to death and those that are ready to be slain If thou sayest Behold we know it not Doth not he that pondereth the heart consider it and he that keepeth the Soul doth not He know it and shall he not render to every man according to his Works Prov. 24. 11. 12. We read that a Galatian Shepherd refusing when it was in his power to save a man torn with dogs was three yeares after slain by Wild Beasts himself This was a just judgement from God The Rich man refusing to relieve Poor miserable and hungry Lazarus lying at his gates could not be innocent neither can any such unmercifull and inhumane wretches For not onely such as cruelly oppresse afflict and grind the faces of poor people but such as are devoyd of mercy and the bowels of compassion are guilty Si non pavisti occidisti Ambros. In this kind unskilfull or carelesse Physitians cannot be excused Some of these do not valew the life of man and are easily perswaded for favour or gain to murther such as they pretend to cure As there are private § V so there be publick Murders and these are also negative or positive Negative when they neglect to enquire after the authours of Murder or acquit them being known or grant them Pardons By this meanes sometimes a whole Land is polluted with blood and suffereth Gods vengeance For a Murderer should be taken from the Altar and put to death Exod. 21. 14. No satisfaction must be taken for his life but he must surely be put to death Numb 35. 31. And a man that doth violence to the blood of any person
as refused to relieve His poor Saints and Members in their wants and distresses 5. Justice and Mercy in this kind are great Preservatives of Peace and Prosperity in Humane Societies and therefore God so often calls for the observation of them 6. A little Estate justly gotten wisely used is always accompanied with God's Blessing and transmitted to Posterity without any curse or guilt In this respect a little which the Righteous hath is better then the Riches of many Wicked Psal. 37. 16. 7. Works of Mercy and Benevolence to them who are in want and misery are highly commended and to them a rich Reward is promised For what is given to the Poor God takes as lent unto himself and He engageth to re-pay with Interest And if these be shewed to the Saints in the Name of Christ the least of them to a cup of cold Water shall not lose the Reward or be forgotten either in this life or in the life to come when Christ shall give possession of an Everlasting Kingdom to merciful men 8. Justice and Mercy render men like unto God and are Duties most agreeable to Christians who have believed in Christ and must love their Brethren with a dying-giving love seeing Christ dyed and gave Himself for them and they have so deeply tasted of God's love in Him CHAP. XV. The Ninth Commandement AFter that God had determined the right of persons § I and things by the former laws he here prescribes a rule of judgement For as in the civil law some observe 1. Jus. 2. Judicium as the parts and members of the same and meanes to observe justice So it 's here That which they call Jus Civile is nothing else but the law determining the right of persons things actions both publick and private And that which they call Judicium is nothing else but certain rules regulating judgment which determines whether the law hath been obeyed or disobeyed and the right determined by law observed or violated and proceeds accordingly So that as the former four Commandements determine the right of persons and things to be observed by man so this prescribes a rule for the better ordering of Judgment The end therefore of this law is to regulate Judgement and to prevent unjust and stablish just Judgment amongst men This therefore is the originall of all humane jurisdiction and civil Courts For the better understanding thereof you must observe that all civill power is threefold legislative judicial executive and all governments once constituted begin to act in making laws goes on in judgment according to these laws and end in execution according to this judgment For execution is the last act and consummation of civil power The former Commandements give certain rules for the enacting of humane laws this of ordering humane judgment That some understand this Commandement so as though all sins of the tongue were here forbidden is not true Because Perjury and Blasphemy are forbidden in the first Table reviling words against our betters in the 5th Racha and thou Fool in the 6th Bawdry in the 7th lying for gaine in the 8th Commandement Others think that the end of this is to provide for our Neighbours fame and good name Yet this doth not reach the true scope of this law which is as you heard before to establish just judgment These things observed § II for to cleare the order manifest the scope and give some generall light I proceed to the explication of the words of the Commanment which is negative and therein we may observe 1. A party litigant whose cause is brought before a judge 2. Witnesse to give-in evidence in the cause 3. The testimony 4. The quality of it 1. The party litigant is our Neighbour whether friend Kinsman stranger enemy considered as litigant and in this place it may signifie either the Plaintiff or Defendant For all causes are brought into Courts of judgment by information and complaint And here I need not distinguish of causes which are according to some civil criminall capitall nor of Courts whereof some are supreme receiving last appeals and are not bound to formalities or subordinate and inferiour Courts which have a limited jurisdiction and are bound to a certain form of proceeding 2. The witnesse is one that is or should be indifferent to the cause and in no wise inclined to the partyes and hath or is supposed to have some certaine knowledge in the matter complained of and controverted and so is able to give some evidence to the judge who is bound not onely to know the law but the thing controverted before he give judgment For no man can justly judge of that which he knows not 3. The testimony is an act of a Witnesse as a Witnesse whereby he declares or pretends to declare especially to the Judge his knowledge in the cause controverted The end of it is to give evidence that so the merit or demerit of the cause may be known And because this testimony is given upon examination and interrogation therefore in the originall Not to beare false Witnesse is Not to answer false Witnesse The Testimony in this respect puts on the nature of an Answer which is given especially in doubtfull causes upon Oath and the Oath is taken to make the testimony credible because it 's supposed no man will hazzard his soul and interest in God And because it 's the highest degree of confirmation in such causes it 's therefore said to be an end of all strife Heb. 6. 16. 4. The quality of the Testimony is the last thing in the Commandement and it may be either true or false and so either promote or hinder justice do right or wrong unto our Neighbour litigant Truth and Falshood are not onely essentiall but accidentall qualityes to a testimony and because men are not infallible therefore their testimony may be false as well as true And the quality forbidden is falshood the quality commended is truth for God saith Thou shalt not beare false Witnesse In this Commandement as in severall others there is a Synechdoche For hereby witnesse giving evidence we must understand all partyes that any wayes actively concurr to judgement Whether they be the partyes litigant Plaintiff or Defendant as the Judge or the partyes assistant as Sollicitours Atturnyes Advocates Notaries and Clarks or such as are trusted with the execution either of Writs or Judgment The reason why Witnesse is onely named is because judgement doth so much yea necessarily depend upon Evidence and one kind and the same most usuall is by Witnesses Yet by testimony must be meant all other kind of evidence and in this Word is also a Synechdoche for by it we must understand all judiciall acts as Complaints Apologies convention plea sentence execution The meaning therefore of the Commandement must be this Thou shalt not any wayes concur to unjust judgement neither shalt thou hinder but thou must do thy best to promote justice in all causes and tryalls So that injustice in
God as our onely Lord and Redeemer by him and so we take him to be our God The 2. Is totall reliance upon God as our Redeemer in Christ Jesus dying and rising again for us 3. An engagement with the whole heart unto the obedience of his commands and to be his people his loyall and obedient subjects And because this duty is a return unto our God formerly forsaken by us therefore it 's called Repentance And because it 's not onely a belief of his truth but a reliance upon his promises it s called Faith By this we turn from darknesse to light and from the power of Satan unto God The reward that follows upon this is that God will be to us a God and we shall be to Him a people Heb. 8. 10. This is our admission of us as subjects of his Kingdome wherein as we must perform dutyes so we shall enjoy priviledges This makes us one with Christ ingrafts us unto him so as we become his living members and derive from God by him all grace and peace and saving blessings But of this there are degrees 1. We have Christ as our Saviour and Redeemer 2. A right unto the mercyes merited by him and promised by God in him 3. Some degree of possession and enjoyment of them 4. In the end a full communion with God the Father and Jesus Christ his Son so that our joy is made full Before I proceed to the next benefit or reward something must be observed both concerning this duty and this reward 1. The repentance faith and submission unto God Redeemer in Christ is in consistent with the habituall dominion of any sin 2. Though it be such and therefore sincere yet it 's not perfect but admits of degrees and must encrease untill we come to perfection 3. They do not look at any particular promise of God or office of Christ or benefit merited by Christ but at God Redeemer in generall as the fountain of eternall life and all benefits conducing thereunto and at all the offices of Christ and all the merits of Christ even at whole Christ as by whom God will give us this eternall full salvation 4. Yet they virtually include and are the root of all particular acts to be terminated upon particular promises offices merits Concerning the reward 1. The estate of such as have received it is inconsistent with the estate of such as are under the dominion of sin and liable to the condemnation unto eternall death 2. As the duty so the reward is imperfect at the first 3. It 's no particular reward as of justification or reconciliation or adoption or the rest formally actually and particularly considered but virtually all For we have God to be our God whole Christ to be our Saviour and be in Christ Christ is in us by his Spirit And whereas formerly the Spirit was in us to prepare us now he as the Spirit of Christ our head is in us to abide and constantly to sanctifie and comfort and seale us to the day of Redemption And the first reward upon this faith having received Christ and God received him as a member of Christ is Justification a reward The great reward CHAP. XXII Of Justification by Faith in Christ. Justification is a reward of God Redeemer whereby he justifieth a sinner believing in Christ § I as having by his blood satisfied Gods justice merited remission and making intercession in Heaven according to promise or as being the propitiation for sin by his blood and pleading this propitiation before his Father's Tribunall in Heaven In which words we must conder 1. The Judge 2. The party judged 3. The judicial Act or the reward actively considered 1. The Judge is God but 1. Not largely as Judge of men and Angels but as Judge of men 2. Not as Creatour and Judge by the Law of Creation and of works but by the Law of Redemption and grace 3. Not as merely just though just but as mercifull 4. Not as mercifull in generall and ex nuda voluntate without any respect had to satisfaction but as propitiated by the blood of Christ and having accepted the propiation made by his blood 5. Not meerely as propitiated by his blood but as moved by his intercession which he makes as our Advocate in Heaven not onely pleading the propitiation made and accepted but the repentance and faith of the sinner and the promise of him the Judge before whom he pleads 6. The Scripturâ—s in this judiciall processe consider God as a Judge and Christ as an Advocate as may appear Rom. 8. 33 34. Heb. 7. 25. 9. 24. 1 Joh. 2. 1 2. In which places Christ is made the propitiatour and intercessoâ—r or advocate 7. Though God by Christ as King may passe this judgment yet he must before that act be passed by Christ look upon Christ as propitiatour and intercessour as a priest and â—uch he must be before he can be a Judge and so looked upon not onely by God the Judge justifying but the sinner to be justified before this Judge proceed to passe and execute the judgment by his Son as King For man must first be justificable by Christ a Priest before he can be justifyed by Christ a King The generall nature of justification is a reward It 's a reward merited by Christ as Priest and Mediatour promised by God Redeemer as a Law-giver and rendred by him as Judge upon a duty performed by the Sinner to be justified and this doth difference it from the retributions of punishment according to the Laws of Redemption violated The party judged § II and justified is 1. Man 2. Man a Sinner 3. Man a Sinner believing 4. Believing in Christ as propitiatour and intercessour Propitiatour by his blood shed and offered unto God Intercessour by his blood being shed offered and accepted as pleaded 1. The subject of this act and the materiall immediate cause of this act is Man For it 's not a judgment passed upon Angels good or bad 2. Man is here considered not as innocent as he was first Created but as a Sinner and disobedient and so guilty For it is God that justifieth the ungodly that is sinners and guilty persons Rom. 4 5. Therefore the Apostle making way for his Doctrin of Justification proves Jew and Gentile that is all men under sin Rom. 3. 9. and that all the world was guilty before God that is Gods tribunal verse 19. and again affirms that all have sinned verse 23. For death passed over all men because all have sinned in one man Rom. 5. 12. For he that hath the least sin is guilty of the first sin of the first man and lyes under the penalty thereof till he be delivered For by the offence of one many were dead and by the offence of one judgment came upon all men to condemnation verse 15 16 17. For there can be but two wayes whereby men or Angels can be justifiable before God the universall and supreme most
subject § VI and makes the subject capable of the reward according to the eternall and unchangeable Laws of God-Redeemer It doth not justify but makes us justifiable To justify must be an act of the Judge To believe is the duty of the Subject To the duty man is bound by the command to render the reward God is bound by his promise But faith doth not only make him capacable and a fit subject to receive justification but upon it by vertue of the promise made in the blood of Christ the party thus as thus believing hath a right unto it The foundation of this right or the title which is sometimes taken for the right sometimes for the foundation of this right is faith but not faith as a duty performed or such a duty in particular but as it is specified and made a condition in the grant and promise made for Christs sake For a donation essentially includes the Donour the Donee and the Consideration if there be any as if it be nudum pactum there is none In this Grant God is Donour sinfull man believing the Donee the Consideration is the blood of Christ. If Christ have made no purchase there is nothing to be granted If He have purchased and there be no grant there is no conveyance If Christ hath purchased and God hath granted and yet the Donee be not specifyed it 's no grant no donation But in this donation man is the Donee and is specifyed as a Believer Yet the party doth not only believe but in and by the power of this faith doth confesse pray vow and Christ an Advocate in Heaven doth plead The Devil accuseth chargeth the sinner desires justice to be done upon the guilty wretch For why should he himself be guilty being condemned and punished and man being guilty as he is go unpunished Here Christ comes in confesseth his client guilty in himself yet just another way and though he deserve to be punished yet by law he ought not to be punished He Pleads three things 1. His own propitiation made 2. Gods promise as part of his Law 3. His clients unfeigned faith By this plea the charge of the Devil is make void the cause of his client made good and the judge effectually moved to pardon This pleading and intercession of Christ is necessary not onely because God ordained and required it but also because our prayer and pleading is very imperfect and His perfect And happy is he that hath such a Counsellour and Advocate in Heaven who is ever ready day and night before his Fathers Throne taking care of the cause of all his Clients pleading GRATIS without any Fee and ever carrying the cause Yet a sinner may be justifiable and yet not instantly actually justifyed For the sentence may be delayed for a certain time But this is the comfort of a true believer that the sentence will certainly be passed in Gods due time which in his wisdome he knoweth to be best Thus you have heard 1. Who is the Judge § VII 2. Who is the party judged Now 3. It 's high time to say something of the judiciall act which is the principall thing But before I proceed to unfold the nature of it I must digresse a little and examine the different opinions of men in this point For some question whether it be a sentence properly or no and if it be a sentence properly when and where it 's passed and if it be passed whether it be a bare sentence without any execution or with some execution 1. That t is a sentence most will grant but some distinguish of Sententia Legis and Sententia judicis The one is not the other is properly a sentence and this no doubt is an act of judgment not of Legislation For if it be an act of Legislation it 's then onely promise and that looks at none in particular but all in generall to whom the promise is made and presupposeth a duty to be performed But justification presupposeth a particular person a particular cause a duty performed and the performance as already past is pleaded and the Judge sollicited to passe judgment accordingly But let it be a sentence and that properly and of the Judge as it is When and where is it passed For passed if properly a sentence it must be For it 's not a sentence as conceived in the breast of the Judge but as judicially pronounced It 's not Sententia mere concepta sed prolata some wayes declared Whether for the time is it passed in eternity before time or in time For the place whether is it passed in man or out of man If out of man whether in Heauen or in Earth If on Earth whether by God and Man If by God whether by the promise of the Law that whosoever believeth is not condemned or some other thing If by man whether by the Minister or the Church binding or loosing so on earth as to be bound and loosed in Heaven If it be whether it be an act of conscience or the blessed spirit If the spirit whether it be by inspiration and enthusiasm or by some real operation Thus the wit of man forsaking the rule of Gods word will wander and ignorance joyned with curiosity will start many doubts puzzle a clear truth infinitely multiply questions not so much for edification as destruction and distraction 1. The sentence was not passed in eternity and onely manifested in time for if it were passed then and onely manifested now it might from hence be argued that the world was created from eternity and so is eternall and the glorious work of creation in the beginning had only been a manifestation of that which was from everlasting And how absurd if not blasphemous must such a fancy be It is trâ—e that as God before the foundation of the World did decree all things to be done in time so he decreed to passe this sentence But the decree it self without the issuing out and exercise of an almighty executive power is no sentence In eternity before time no man was created no sin committed no Saviour promised no law published no duty of faith performed no person convenâ—ed no promise pleaded and therefore no sinner believing justified 2. For the place 1. It 's not passed in Heaven and only there for no Scripture saith so neither is there any meanes discovered how the poor guilty sinner should know whether it be past or no and if past when and so till it be known to be passed and that certainly the believer must alwayes be in doubt The cause indeed is pleaded in Heaven by the great High Priest and his plea is effectual But that the sentence is always passed presently upon the cause pleaded cannot be proved It 's true that if a man doth certainly know his faith and the sincerity thereof he may certainly know his right unto justification and so he knows his cause to be good in Law He is justified in law-title that is he
is justifiable by Law But whether this be all the justification the Scripture speaks of especially the Writings of the Apostles shall be considered hereafter 3. It cannot be the sentence only of the Church or Minister because they do not alwayes judge and absolve Clave non errante infallibly and so one may be absolved on Earth and not in Heaven or in Heaven and not on Earth either in foro interiori aut extâ—riori as many use to expresse themselves It 's true that when it is exactly agreeable to Gods rule then it 's ratified in Heaven that is by Christ and manifested so to be by the execution For Gods sentence is not a bare word or distinct sound in the Aire 4. It 's not the sentence of the conscience For conscience is neither the supreme judge nor infallible 5. That it 's not pronounced by inspiration or enthusiasm as the words are ordinarily taken will easily be granted 6. Whether it be signified to the soul in man by some real operation with some execution is more disputable That it is signified by some real operation of the spirit with execution seems very probable if not very certain But let others judge when they have considered these places following The justified by faith have peace with God through our Lord Iesus Christ by whom also they have accesse by faith into his grace wherein they stand and rejoyce in the hope of the glory of God c. And the love of God is shed abroad in their hearts by the holy Ghost which is given them Rom. 5. 1. 2 5. Believers in Christ by the spirit mortifie the lusts of the flesh and are led moved acted by this spirit have received the spirit of Adoption whereby they cry Abba Father This spirit witnesseth to their spirit that they are the Sons of God having the first fruits of the spirit they groan within themselves waiting for the Adoption the Redemption of their body Rom. 8. 13 14 15 16 23. Now he that stablisheth us with you in Christ and hath anointed us is God who hath also sealed us and given us the earnest of the spirit in our hearts 2 Cor. 1. 21. 22. We know that we have passed from death to life because we love the Brethren 1 Ioh. 3. 14. God will give him that overcommeth a white stone and in the stone a new name written which no man knoweth saving he that receiveth it Rev. 2. 17. 1. All these places with many more speak not onely of Believers but Believers justified and in this life 2. All these places either expresly or by consequence speak of the Spirit of God and of this Spirit in us and the effects of this Spirit in particular persons 3. The Effects are Divine and such as onely God can produce 4. These Effects are the shedding of the love of God that is the Manifestation the evident and abundant manifestation of God's special love accepting us to Eternal Life the Sanctification of the Spirit and enabling them to mortifie the Deeds of the Flesh and acting them to Obedience Adoption whereby call upon God as a Father their Father and giving them boldness and confidence to approach the Throne of Grace testifying inwardly testifying in them and to them that they in particular are the Sons of God and Heirs of Glory giving them assurance of Eternal Glory as giving the first-fruits thereof being a Seal and Earnest of the same making them know and certainly know that they are passed from Death to Life and that God is in them and they in God and that God abides in them and they abide in God 5. All these signifie and declare and that evidently that there is a great change wrought in them both for disposition and condition For disposition they are regenerate and sanctified For condition they are in the state of Life not of Death of Salvation not of Damnation and neither of these can be without Justification actual And this change is the more evident because the Spirit abides in them constantly as a constant Spring of Sanctification and unspeakable consolation and joy 6. Therefore God by this Spirit in them by these Effects and real operations speaks plainly with some execution that particular persons in this life are justifyed not merely by the Promise of the Law but the Sentence of the great Judge God's Word is not like man's word which is a bare sound but it 's a Word with power It 's like the Word of Creation saying Let there be Light and there was Light like the Word of Christ to the man of the Palsie Arise take up thy bed and walk and presently the thing is done Health and Strength is given He takes up his bed and walks and so his sins were forgiven and the remission was signified by a real operation and word of power And certainly there is no greater Evidence of sin past forgiven then power given to subdue sin for the time to come and after fear sorrow and trouble of men sweet peace joy and Heavenly Consolation 〈…〉 this Word which the Spirit speaks within is the very same Word with 〈…〉 Word which the Spirit speaks without us in the Scripture Yet with this difference that there it is a Promise made to all Believers in general here a Word with performance unto particular Believers The Word is not the Sentence of the Conscience The Witness of the Spirit is not the Witness of Conscience The Sentence of the Spirit is infallible the Sentence of the Conscience is fallible The Spirit is the Supream Judge by which God so justifies as no man can condemn the Conscience is an inferiour and subordinate Judge and the Sentence thereof may be revoked and made void The Spirit speaks with power and produceth Divine Effects and in the very Soul and such as neither Man nor Angels can produce These or like Effects the Conscience cannot reach If any say or ask How can God pass this Sentence but by the Conscience It 's answered That such men seem to be ignorant what the Conscience is and what the Sentence of it is what the different Sentences of the Conscience before and after Justification be The Sentence of the Spirit is a principle but that of the Conscience a conclusion And the Spirit must speak by these real Effects before Conscience can certainly conclude Justification to be past or the state of Justification to be present But this Point will receive some further Light § VIII after that we understand what this Judicial Act of Justification is Yet here ye must know that the act of Justification is one thing and the state of the party justified is another and they must be distinguished as cause and effect The general nature of it is that it is not the Promise of the Law nor the convention of the party to be judged nor the discussion of the cause but it 's a Sentence Yet because there 's a Sentence against a party and a Sentence for
Spiritual as opposed to Temporal For otherwise Bodily punishments which we call Temporal may by continuance be Eternal To pass by therefore these Temporal Penalties one Spiritual Punishment and the greatest is the want and loss of the Holy Spirit to be a continual and constant Principle and cause of Sanctification This Spirit was given Man in the day of his Creation and was taken away from Adam and in him from all his Posterity by the judgment of God and a Sentence yet in power and force and to continue to the end of the World The Law indeed of Works is abâ—ogated but it was in force at that very time when the Sentence was passed and upon the Promise of Christ the Law was abrogated as a Law of Works but the Sentence remained in force still Concerning the sanctifying Spirit we may observe and consider 1 That the loss and so the want of it is a punishment 2 This punishment lying upon every Man before this Spirit be restored presupposeth a guilt 3 This punishment and guilt is never taken away till this Spirit be restored 4 This Spirit may be testored for preparation of a sinner for justification or in and after to continue as a constant cause of Sanctification Or as others express it for perpetual Habitation to prevent the Dominion of Sin and Damnation for time to come It doth not prevent all sin and so the contracting of new guilt nor is given in that measure to us and this is the reason why your estate of Justification is not perfect at the first 5 God never justifies any man with that justification whereof Paul speaks in the Epistle to the Romans and Galatians and elsewhere but in justifying them He gave them instantly this Spirit as the Spirit of Christ to be in them a constant cause of Regeneration and Sanctification and therefore that Justification is not without some Execution 6 Consider this restoring of the Spirit as the removal of a Punishment and the loss and want of the Spirit as a Punishment it must needs be essentially included in Justification and Remission of Sin For that which 1 Takes away the Punishment of sin And 2 The Guilt and Obligation unto Punishment is properly remission of sin If the Punishment as a Punishment should remain so far as it doth remain it doth invincibly prove that the guilt is not taken away so far and in that respect If any distinguish of the Sentence and Execution and make the one the cause the other the effect I will not quarrel about words Onely I will demand Whether it 's not better to say in this particular judgment of God that the Sentence and Execution are really the same and differ onely in respect or at most in degree 7 The active sanctification of this Spirit taken in it self either habitually or actually and as inherent in us can in no wise be Justification or any Branch of Justification as Justification is a remission of sins For God gave this Spirit to Angels He gave it to Adam in the day of Creation and this Spirit did sanctifie and now doth sanctifie the blessed Angels yet this Sanctification is not reâ—mission But consider remission of sin as a removal of punishment as punishment whether of sense or loss deserved by sin and the loss of the Spirit and the blindness perversness and slavery under the power of Sathan following necessarily upon the taking away and denying the Spirit by a just Judgment as a Penalty then this restoring of the Spirit must needs put on another Notion as it hath another Nature This restoring of the Spirit is so necessary that a bare Sentence without it can give a man no comfort nay Heaven without it is no Heaven or place of Bliss and abode But lest I may be thought to agree with the Doctrine of the Councel of Trent or at least come too near it Let us consider what they say Their Doctrine Sess. 6. Cap. 7. is this That Justification is not onely remission of sins but also the sanctification and renovation of the Inner-Man by the susception of Grace and Gifts whereby or whereupon a man of unjust is made just and of an Enemy a Friend that he may be an Heir according to the hope of Eternal Life And afterwards The onely formal cause of Justification is the Righteousness of God not whereby he is just but whereby He makes us just They mean inherently just Thus far they Now let 's examine Whether there be any Agreement between the former Doctrine and this And 1 I grant with all our Divines that Justification and Sanctification go always inseparably together and this they of Rome know well enough to have been always the constant Doctrine of the Reformed Churches 2 They say that Justification is not onely remission of sins but Sanctification I say it 's onely remission 3 They assert that this Sanctification and Renovation is by voluntary Susception and so understand this Sanctification passively as formally inherent I make neither Sanctification active nor much less passive as considered in themselves to be justification nor any part of justification 4 They make the formal cause of Justification to be this Sanctification I utterly disclaim this I had said before that Sanctification in it self is no remission and is in Angels without any such thing and do affirm that this Sanctification as they understand it is no part of that justification which the Gospel speaks of and that the restoring of the sanctifying Spirit for Renovation as an act of God as Judge for to remove a punishment as a punishment and the obligation thereunto is properly remission And here I cannot but much wonder what these Tridentine Divines did understand by Remission For if the formal cause of Justification be Sanctification and inherent Righteousness as they make it so to be I find no place nor need of any place for remission Yet first they make it a part of Justification distinct from Sanctification It 's neither final nor efficient nor meritorious nor material neither by their own words can it enter the formal That this Sanctification considered in it self especially Passive and inherent cannot be Justification is evident For 1 Sanctification thus understood is not properly any act of God as a Judge much less a Sentence passed upon a guilty Wretch 2 That justification of Believers in this life whereof the Scripture speaks doth leave the party chargeable with no sin is perfect and bears out the severity of God's Justice before His Throne This our inherent Righteousness in this life can never do both because we are guilty before and also it 's imperfect 3 A man may be sanctifyed and that perfectly so as to prevent all sin for time to come and yet the party may remain guilty and liable to Eternal Death for the guilt of former sins committed before this Sanctification and not remitted by it Some make remission two-fold Remissio Culpae Remissio Poenae 1. Of Sin 2. Of
shall not ever be totally in Act. For he doth not effect all things which he can but those things which he will He is said to be pure Act in respect of his Essence and eternall acting upon himself And this power as an Attribute is pure act and in that respect is properly actual strength not power physically taken It extends to all things possible and is able to produce them But we must not think that they are possible or producible in themselves but in respect of this power And it 's to be conceived first as able to effect before it actually effect any thing as it actually effecteth all things that are effected It 's the root and originall of all created active Power and all Created causes are effects of it and act as acted and moved by him How it acts and concurrs with free Agents when they sin the Wit of Man cannot clearly understand and satisfie it self But this is certain that as the Decree so the Power is alwayes regulated by the Wisdom and Juctice of God It 's great and irresistible For though men and Angels may disobey his Lawes yet they cannot resist or hinder his power For he is in the Heavens and hath done whatsoever he pleased Psal. 115. 3. And whatsoever the Lord pleased that did He in Heaven and in Earth in the Seas and all deep places Psal. 135. 6. Therefore if God promise great things and such as to man may seem impossible we may safely rely upon Him What is said shall certainly be done Thus â—art the Works of God have been considered in respect of the Essence § VIII It remaines that we observe them with respect unto the Father Son and Holy Ghost In this later respect the Authours of Theologicall Systems inform us of two things Their Co-operation Distinct manner of Working The Co-operation is that whereby the Father Son and Holy Ghost concur as one Individual efficient cause of every Work and effect out of themselves In this respect that 's true that Opera Trinitatis ad Extra sunt indivisa What one is said to do all are to be understood to do The Father doth not create without the Word nor was the Word made flesh nor did redeem without the Father nor the Holy Ghost sanctifie without the Father and the Word neither do the Father and the Son any thing without the Holy Ghost For all the Works of God ad extra do necessarily presuppose the immanent necessary acts of the Deity upon it self Yet we must not conceive them as any wayes unequal either in themselves or in their working nor as three distinct agents uniting their forces joyntly to produce one and the same effect For one Individuall Essence must needs if it act be one Individuall Agent in the production of all Creatures and effecting all his works Therefore we find the Creation and other Works of God ascribed as well unto the Word and Spirit as to the Father and for the most part to them all as to one God The manner of their concurrence is that § IX whereby the Father worketh by the Word and Spirit the Son from the Father by the Spirit and the Spirit from them both This doth imply that the manner of their Work is distinct yet it 's very difficult to conceive the distinction or difference We read that the Father doth many things by the Word and Spirit but never that the Word or Spirit did any thing by the Father All things were made by the Word and without him was not any thing made that was made John 1. 3 And by him were all things created and by him all things consist Col. 1. 16 17. And God the Father is said to have made the Worlds by him Heb. 1 2. The Father will quicken our bodyes by his Spirit dwelling in us Rom. 8. 11. And he revealed the deep things of his Gospel by his Spirit 1 Cor. 2. 10. And God elected the Thessalonian Christians to Salvation through the Sanctification of the Spirit 2 Thes. 2. 13. We have some resemblance hereof in the soul of man which being one individuall essence is one individuall agent It conâ—riveth all its works by the counsell of the understanding determines them by his will and is ready to effect them by his active power When it actually produceth any thing the Will commands the understanding directs and the power executeth The Will is first and begins the understanding is the second and goes on the power is the last and finisheth the Work And these three inseparably and individually concur efficiently to produce the effect as one efficient And the Will directs by the understanding and executes by understanding directing the power and by the Power Acting according to the Understanding How Redemption is appropriated to the â—on and Sanctification to the Holy Ghost must be considered hereafter In these things We must be sober and not Curious We must neither confidently affirm any thing as a Divine Truth which is not evident unto us out of the Scripture nor Peremptorily deny any thing because We do not clearly see it in the Scriptures For so the Sadduces deny'd the Resurrection because they could not see it in the Book of God Though it was in that book as our Saviour made it evident These things premised concerning the Works of God in general § X I will proceed to say something of them in particular Though they be many yet may they all be reduced to three heads For they all are either works of Creation of Preservation or of Ordination Some bring these under two heads the first of Creation the second of Providence And by Providence they understand both Preservation and Government But this is but difference in Words The first work whereby the Eternall King did first acquire his power is Creation Which is a Work of God whereby in the beginning he created Heaven and Earth and all things therein This work must be considered Absolutely in it self Respectively as aground of absolute power And in it self Generally Specially in respect of man In it self generally it 's A Work or Act of God yet this Act is not immanent but emanant and transient yet farr different from the Acts of any Creature and from many other Acts of God It had an objâ—ct logically considered no subject existent For the Creature as existent was an effect and not the subject of it As Cameracensis doth distinguish of Predestination That Praedestinatio Activa est Deus Praedestinans Passiva est Res Praedestinata So Creatio activa est Dâ—uâ— creans Passiva Res creata So that in Creation we have God and his Creativity as Occam and Bacon expresse it and the thing created It is a proper Act of God and can be truly affirmed of nothing else if it were not so God by this work could not be distinguished from all other things as by this act we read in Scripture he is The first part of the Creation presupposed no matter