King for his Summons 2 The Kings Summons for the calling of a Parliament 3 The peoples Election of their Members 4 The Members appearance upon the foresaid Summons and the peoples Election to any place appointed by the King for to order and dispose of the great Affairs of the Kingdom Now when this Assembly thus lawfully gathered shall forget the ends of their Constitution and not rectifie or cause to be rectified the known wrongs and greivances of the People and restore liberty to the enslaved the people may and are bound thereunto by the Lawes of Religion Reason Nature and Nations sue and Petition for their just rights Neither have the Parliament power to Act Ier. 38.5 or order any thing but that which tends to the mutuall good and known weal of the people If King Zedekiah by his own confession could not imprison a man without or against the advice of his Princes then by what Law can the King or Parliament of England or both together assume such a power to themselves as bereave the people of their liberties and birthrights The people of this Nation and so the Army as a substantiall part thereof being equally born free may refuse obedience to any Acts or impositions of King or Parliament whose apparent tendency is to their own ruine and overthrow and if it be so that the Kingdom and Army must neither refuse obedience to unjust commands nor Petition for redress of manifest wrongs without being branded with disobedient opposers infringers of the peace of the Kingdom and enemies to the State and that which will be the sad consequence of all these even the whole Kingdome and Army exposed to the limitlesse pleasures of mercilesse men whose tender mercies as the wise man saith are cruell then farewell indeered Freedomes for ever Object But to this you will happily object Who shall judge when the Acts of the Parliament be destructive to the people Answ In this case I know at present no better judge then their owne common and frequent experience that undergo oppression and wrong who can better informe a man that he hath lost the use of one of his joynts or members then he that wants it But not to stay longer here I shall proceed to your next clause to wit by * Parliament whose Commission they are an Army and are but a tumultuous number of men when they act or do any thing that is not in order to or within the limits of that Commission which I take to bee the utmost bounds of their calling as an Army and when any man or number of men step out of their calling or if in their calling run out into by and unwarrantable waies they can upon no good grounds looke either for protection or expect a blessing c. It is true it was by the Parliaments Commission and none others they were an Army yet that was not the onely cause of their being an Army but something in relation to the Kingdome in generall and something also in relation to themselves in particular and therefore observe these things considerable in the raising and levying of a lawfull Army Three things to be considered in the raising of a lawful Army 1. The lawfulnesse of the Cause 2. The lawfulnesse of the Call or Commission 3. The collection or gathering together of the people in a formidable posture For the cause of raising this Army it was the preservation of His Majesties Royall Person and Kingdome restauration of our almost lost Lawes and Liberties defence of the just Rights and Priviledges of Parliaments c. their Commission was from the Parliament and their collection from themselves freely and willingly without constraint or force and this last they were induced and provoked unto by vertue of the two former to wit the Cause and Commission all which have a necessary dependence each on the other and are inseparable in the levying of a lawfull Army insomuch that a Commission without the peoples free consent cannot raise an Army nor both of them as some have untruly said make a lawfull Army without a lawfull Cause And now I appeale to you and the whole Kingdome if the Army have not to their power inviolably observed and with the price of their blood effected the substantiall end of their Commission which was for the defence of the Kingdome c. as their owne Ordinances import Ordin Feb. 15 1644. Apr. 1. 1645. and if some dis-affected Members in both or either House of Parliament did betray the confidence and trust reposed in them and by their too effectuall insluence on others who perchance have no great desires to close with or can discerne their base ends therein so carry on their deep and darke designes that the Kingdome suffers too much prejudice by them must this constraine the Army to doe so likewise Shall none be ready to stand in the gap in behalfe of this almost ruined Kingdome and stop that inevitable inundation of misery ready to overwhelme us through the inhumane malice of those who make their lust their Law Is there no meanes left of freedome from Aegyptian Task-masters Was it lawfull for the Army to oppose vassallage and thraledome to the death in the Kings party and shall they so easily subject themselves and by their meanes the whole Kingdome to a farre worse tyranny in some Members of Parliament Or shall they out-strip their Commission which is just and equitable which is still in force till the ends thereof bee performed by the Parliament as well as by them and now run themselves into extravagant courses of Injustice and Tyranny because others doe so Must they bid adieu to their Commission and the fruits of their labours because they have laboured and those who gave them their Commission command them But I shall retort this assertion into your owne bosome againe thus The Parliament are a Parliament by the Kings Warrant and the Peoples Election for hearing complaints and redressing wrongs in the Kingdome But when they act or doany thing that is not in order to or within the limits of that Warrant or Commission unlesse they pretend a Commission limitlesse as the sequele of your discourse imports and tending also to the peoples benefit by whom they were chosen which I take to be the utmost bounds of their calling as a Parliament they are but a tumultuous number of men and though any particular man or number of men in the Parliament step out of their calling or if in their calling run out into by and unwarrantable waies they can upon no good grounds that I know of either looke for protection or expect a blessing And then as you import in the next place however such proceedings being back't with policy and power may have successe at present yet they are sure to be bitternesse in the end For the rest of your Exordium or Introduction into your discourse or pretended Examination I shall leave as impertinent my ordinary imployments not favouring
the sad relation of these passages they are already so common in each mans mouth I shall onely request you to peruse the Petition of the inslaved Commons of England Iuly 6. 1647. called Englands dolefull lamentation presented to his Excellency Sir Thomas Fairfax and there you may behold acts enough of arbitrarinesse violence and oppression and if these things be not done by the knowledge or consent of some Members of Parliament why then is not ease deliverance and redresse given and the just Lawes of the Kingdome seasonably and duly executed after so many Petitions presented Is it possible that all these and many more acts which I shall forbeare to repeat of arbitrarinesse violence and oppression can be done by any but by them or if they be done by others their instruments it must needs be by their consent and countenancing of them therein they durst as well run their heads in the fire and there let them consume to ashes as once offer to practice any of the premises contained in the said Petition without speciall favour of some of the great Councell of the Land Therefore do you weigh and consider impartially these things and tell me if there be not a fault and that a horrible one in that high Court of Judicature And truly I can see no way how it may be prevented whilst they suffer so many * Isa 3.4 Eccl. 10.16 Boyes who know better how to Court Ladies then create Lawes Commission of Array-men men whose estates were but lately and are still for ought I know under Sequestration for Delinquency to reside sit vote and act amongst them I shall insist no longer on this but proceed to the next thing observable in this part of your Examination where you affirme for truth that which in my judgement is a grosse mistake That those who have a Legislative power have not altogether a limited power but that is no more in this say you then in all Parliaments This I utterly deny and doe contrarily affirme that those who have power to make Lawes in England have severall bounds and limits which by no meanes they are to exceed one is this 1. The Freedome and Birth-rights of the people is one main limit for it is not with us as with other Nations we are not under that vassallage and thraledome the Turks or French are if that were our condition then indeed Stat pro ratione voluntas they were as limitles as those States be and may impose what they please upon us and make their cursed wills the peoples cruell Law but praised be God that is not the condition of this Kingdome yet though twice designed to be subjected to slavery within these halfe dozen yeares wee are yet Free-men and not left to the limitlesse disposing of an arbitrary State this therefore is one cord which binds a Legislative power in this Kingdom from imposing and laying what loads they please on the free people thereof 2. The peoples knowledge of their owne Liberties is a second great hinderance to this limitlesse power it is not unlikely if the Parliament continue their extraordinary taxes and pressures on the Countrey after the disbanding of this Army and use such violence against the Commons of England as they have done by their Committees and other unjust Officers and not hear and answer the Petitions of the afflicted but that they will be all ready with their clubs other weapons on their shoulders to stand upon their own guards But I hope they shall have no cause for it that the Parliament of England will not take such a boundlesse power unto themselves as you would make them and us believe is their due 3. Right reason which in cases conducing to this end hath no better Judge then the sensible computation of the vulgar and this is a great stop and obstruction to that limitlesse Legislative power for nothing that exceeds the confines of right reason according to common acceptation in cases of this nature may or ought be pressed on a free Nation if they do the imposers are both liable to answer them like to bear them themselves Non solùm quod licet sed quid est conveniens est considerandum nihil quod est inconveniens est licitum 4. Scripture with which right reason accords which is as sufficient full ample for regulation and government of the outward man Am. 2.4 6 7. 1.11 as the inward and therfore binds and limits all Legislative powers in this Kingdom to compose constitute enact Laws expresly according thereunto Therefore these things seriously weighed in the just scales of indifferent judgments do to me clearly prove that there is undoubtedly a restriction of Legislative powers yet I shal freely lay down my own and submit to sounder judgments when the contrary to this that is spoken is made apparent The next thing considerable in this part of your Examination is this And that so long as the calamities of the times did necessitate Armies there must needs be burdens laid even to more then ordinary pressures but was that the Parliaments fault or those that did oppose them Here is another mistake that you go about to vindicate the Parliament from that which the Army never intended to charge them with it is acknowledged by all men that in cases of more then ordinary need the people must be necessitated to undergo extraordinary pressures neither is the blame laid altogether on the Parliament but mostly on those who contrarie to Law constrained them thereunto In the next place you propound this Quaere And that these pressures and burdens must be still kept upon the people is it the fault of the Parliament or the Army that will not disband It is already made manifest by what precedes that it is neither the fault of the Army that they are not disbanded or the Countrey oppressed For it is not in the power of the Army to oppress or burden the Countrey though they would do it unlesse the Parliament instate them into it or inforce them to such exigences that they are necessitated thereunto for if they should the whole Kingdome to whom they are but an inconsiderable party would quickly oppose and destroy them but they well know the fault is not in the Army which makes them so apt on all occasions to side with them in those things that are just And let all men judge whose fault is it the Army will not disband or the Countrey are opprest the Parliaments or the Armies when they neither bring after seven years sitting Liberty or Freedome to this free-born Nation nothing in the world but their own wils obstructing them or give the Army any lawfull honest or reasonable encouragements to disband but contrarily have used all means tending to the mutinous and dishonourable disbanding thereof as by faire proffers to divide the Officers from their Souldiers the Souldiers from their Officers when that could not take expected effect then to
according to Magna Charta Pet. of Right and their own many and frequent Declarations but alas how hath this been perfideously perverted as if there were not the least knowledge or feare of God amongst men and the people under a faire coloured pretence of peace and freedom altogether subjugated to warre vassalage and thraldome had not the wisdom and power of God prevented it this appeared by the late commotions occasioned by some Members of Parliament and their unjust refusall of severall legall Petitions precented unto them which notwithstanding the Lawes of the Kingdome and their own Declarations to the contrary were rejected yea and with the greatest infamy and shame that could be consumed with fire in severall parts of London by the hands of the common Hangman so insolently and proudly have some of them behaved themselves towards the free people of England Therefore I say if the Parliament shall declare to the whole Kingdome what their immunites rights and freedoms are and also what of due belongs to thmeselves whilst sitting in Parliament and then shall goe about under the painted shew of breach of priviledge to anticipate and subvert the antient priviledges of the people of England must not the Army who were raised by the Kingdome for their defence as in the strictest bonds of duty and conscience they are obliged once open their lips to crave and begg for the people their proper rights but they must in an infamous manner be tearmed Judges And now Sir I appeale to your selfe if the Army ever went about to determine any causes in the Kingdome except what they did by the Parliaments permission with their Swords against the publike enemy onely they have represented their owne and the peoples often rejected grievances to them by way of humble Petition and if this be a contracting power or right from the Parliaments Declarations of being Judges of their own and the peoples liberties powers and rights let the world judge betwixt them and you For that you say the Army can onely do what your erring fancy hath suggested to you by the length of their Swords which can be no good Standard for it will be lyable to alteration when a longer Sword comes I say their Swords are so long and so good a Standard that it never yet I know not what it may do met with a longer to remove or alter it from prosecution with zeale to Gods glory and the Kingdome benefit the righteous cause they have in the sincerity of their hearts undertaken in behalfe of the King Parliament and Kingdome Then you proceed thus And when the people of this Kingdome have understood and considered this it is not likely they will leave the setled course of Law and Justice in the knowne Courts of the Kingdome to be judged by any one who can raise the greatest tumult Indeed now you have paid the Army to some purpose if the people were surprised with such a spirit of delusion as to believe the deviating dictates of your thoughts and now I desire you or any of your Competitioners to demonstrate in any one particular or confesse you injure them wherein this Army have taken upon them the place or authority of Judges or hindered the people from following the setled course of Law and Justice in the known Courts of the Kingdome Or that his Excellency Sir Thomas Fairfax at whom you chiefly aime ever intended or offered to judge any thing but what the Parliament have determined already unlesse those things which conduce to the weale of his Army the very terrour of Englands enemies and all other Souldiers in England and Wales which in duty and conscience he is bound to do And whereas you speak of a tumult by which you meane this Army or otherwise you overthrow the rest of your discourse you do the Parliament themselves more wrong and injustice under the specious pretence of a friend in one word then ever the Army did or durst though they could do them in their whole life time nay as much as the Kings party have ever done in expression since the warre began For if the Army be a Tumult they were raised by the Parliament whereby it appeares you make them whom you se strive to defend the Authours of this Tumult Which must needes follow say you if they meaning the Kingdome allow this Army suppose it 14000. men to be Judges now then any 150000. in the Kingdome may judge the Army and a greater number then ad infinitum by which it doth appeare that the Army making themselves Judges in these cases doth overthrow and take away the Ordinance of God and Magistracy then which amongst men I cannot imagine what is a greater impiety Truly Sir I know no greater impiety amongst men tending to publike harme and prejudice then to misapprehend the serene and candid thoughts of others if what preceeds this consequence of yours had been true as appeares it is not then this would have held good for it is a certaine maxime that if 14000. men in a tumultuous way be Judges now then any 150000. men in the Kingdome may judge the Army and a greater number them ad infinitum But your misapplication of this conclusion is the spoyle of it had you but turned this from the Innocent and layd it on the guilty I meane the impeached Members then rem acu tetigoras you had laid the saddle on the right horse and if that course of theirs were not directly to overthrow the Ordinance of God and Magistracy when they went about to judge without the least preâ—enâ—â— or shew in the earth for it or reason given not onely the Army but the whole Kingdome with a company of rude deboist Reformadoes who better know how to raise mutinies sweare damne and domineere and make black pots salute each others crownes then to do their Countrey any true and faithfull service in the field then will I forfeit my judgment utterly for they were such good friends to Magistracy that by their unparalleld barbarous behaviour they forced the Speakers of both Houses and the rest of the honest Members to flye for liberty if not for life and make this Army their chiefe refuge and all because they judged it meet They armed and disarmed whom they pleased in London killed one or two whose lives were worth many thousands of theirs manned their workes planted their Ordinance against the Parliament themselves then constrained to reside with the Army and this also was because they judged it fit Had this Army done these or the like incomparable actions against the Parliament and Kingdome then might you have safely said that they overthrew both the Ordinance of God and Magistracy then which amongst men I know not a greater impiety And therefore now see if this Army whom you would make the Kingdome believe would be their Judges to make them more odious in the eyes of the soone deceived vulgar had not instead of being Judges stuck firme and intire to the Parliament
and againe interposed their lives and fortunes betwixt them and the face of danger and that in the very pinch and nick of hazard and put those grand Judges of England into their own proper places againe with honour and safety what Judges should we have had but a company of impeached Traytors with their rivalls who better deserve a three legg'd stoole to hang on then seates in the Parliament house to sit on and any longer to disturbe the Kingdom by their hellish plots and practices and if this be such an impiety as you would have us imagine it to be then let any impartiall man in England judge But not to stay any longer here let us proceed to the next part of your examination which you say down thus Besides their refusing to obey the Parliament under whose Command they are or ought to be is against many particular precepts Rom. 13.1 1 Pet. 2.13 2 Pet. 2.10 Judâ—â— 8.11 and directions in the word of God as you may find them laid downe in the Margent 1. To this I answer first that they never refused obedience to the Parliament in any thing except when they commanded them to destroy themselves through the prevalency of a wicked and sinister party in the House and then they did no more then what the Parliaments own Principles led them unto as is already plainely manifested 2. For the Scriptures you alledge I shall iâ—sist on the first onely as the full scope and substance of all the other the words are these Rom. 13.1 Let every soule be subject to the higher Powers for there is no power but of God the powers that be are ordained of God This Text of Scripture to them who rightly understand it makes nothing at all for you as shall appeare hereafter this power the Apostle speakes of in this place with which the Law of this Kingdom and the Parliaments own forecited Declarations do admirably and truly concurre is not meant the Persons or personall commands of any but the just established lawes of a Kingdome to which obedience active or passive must be given for this power as â—o me the Apostle seemes to dispute it himselfe the better to sâ—t it ouâ— of controversie is that which is placed originally Dec. â—un 14.1647 Rom. 13. and fundamentally according to that wise observation of the Armies in the Office and but Ministerially in the persons observe both the first and second verses and you shall finde the Apostle saith nothing of persons as if he did not meane them at all in that place onely enioynes all to yeeld obedience ver 3. and subiection to the higher powers which is the Law of a Kingdome and in the next verse he speakes of the Administration of that higher power in these words for Rulers are not a terrour to good workes but to the evill ver 4. and in the following verse he saith for he is the Minister of God to thee for good but if thou do that which is evill be afraid c. 3. But thirdly the Apostles expression hath an universall extent and there is never a rationall living soule under the Sun exempted therefrom from the Prince to the poorest man that sits on the threshold but every soule must if they disobey not this injunction be subject to the higher powers which powers as is manifest are not the pleasures or wills of great men because they themselves are not acquitted from subjection to the higher powers but of the established well grounded Law of a Kingdome by generall consent and for this cause is that infallible Gramaticall Rule nemo sibi imperare poâ—est which is the reason Schoolemen cannot frame a prima persona imperativi modi for indeed who is it that can command himselfe and if no man how can a Prince be subject to the higher powers he being the highest power himselfe when he cannot command himselfe unlesse you will allow with me that the Law is the highest power and he is under the Command thereof as well as the meanest so that it appeares if the Prince be not subject to the Law of the Kingdom as well as others the Apostles words which are expresly that every Soule that is man woman and Child to their abilities must be subject to the higher powers that is the Law whereunto all men are confined are spoke in vaine which were impiety once to imagine 4. Then fourthly if your assersion be true which is in effect thus that all the Commands whether just or unjust or else you had as good said nothing if the Parliament must be obeyed and so make them an unbounded Parliament and without all Law which is more tâ—â—n ever they desired themselves then will you make a cleare antipathy and disproportion betwixt this of Pauls and those of Hosea and Micah with divers other Texts which Scriptures decipher very truly the Apostles meaning and freeth him from your grosse imputation The Prophet Hosea saith Ephraim is oppressed and broken in Judgement Hosea 5.11 1 Kings 16.26 and the reason is because he willingly walked after the Commandement Now what those Commands were examine but the 1. Kings where it is said that Omri King of Israel wrought evill in the eyes of the Lord and did worse then all that were before him for he walked in all the way of Ieroboam the Son of Nobat and in his sin wherewith he made Israel to sin to provoke the Lord God of Israel to anger with his vanities From both which places you may observe that it was not onely accounted to Israel for a sin to obey the unjust Councell and Commands of King Omri though their lawfull King but that they should also be attended with the desert of sin to wit to be oppressed and broken in iudgment c. And that which confirmed both these places Micah 6. from 13. to 16. is that of Micah where he threatens the Children of Israel that they shall eate and not be satisfied sow but not reape c. and in the last verse he gives the reason thereof in these words for the Statutes of Omri are kept and all the workes of the house of Ahab and ye walke in their Councels that I should make thee a desolation and the Inhabitants thereof an hissing therefore ye shall beare the reproach of my people Now how shall these Prophets and the Apostle be reconciled unlesse Pauls meaning in that place is that obedience must be given to the just Law of a Kingdome and onely to that and that Magistrates must not be obeyed in their unjust and illegall Commands though lawfull Magistrates for Paul saith they must be subject to the higher powers the Prophet thunders out threatnings against them for being subject to unjust powers though as I said before a lawful Magistrate So that it is clear that the Apostles meaning is not that subjection must be given to mens persons or personall Commands Pro. 28.4 Zeph. 3.1 2 3 4. but to those higher
Powers to wit the Law of the Kingdome wherewith men are intrusted some with one part some with another and ought not to exceede the limits thereof King Iames upon this very ground when he was arrested for debt told the Officer that he who made Lawes must himselfe obey Lawes and thereupon payd the debt and never blamed him that arrested him for so doing From all that is spoken in this particular the ensuing Syllogismes are inevitably extracted 1. Paul saith that every Soule must be subject to the higher Powers But King Parliament and all other Magistrates are within the limits of that number Ergo King and Parliament must be subject to the higher Powers All powers that are not given are not of God But Powers usurped are not given Ergo Powers usurped are not of God 3 Every soule ought to be subject to the Higher Powers given and to none else But these Higher Powers that are usurped are not given Ergo No soule ought to be subject to Higher Powers not given 4 Those Powers that be not given from God are no powers But usurped Powers are not given from God Ergo Vsurped Powers are no Powers 5 Those Powers that are no Powers ought not to be obeyed But usurped Powers are no Powers Ergo Vsurped Powers ought not to be obeyed The probation of these Arguments is evident from the very Words of the Apostle and Prophets in the places before quated therefore I will not spend time my ordinary employments not suffering me any longer therein only give me leave to digresse a little and observe as I desire also the Courteous Reader would some passages of Scripture which in my ordinary reading I have met withall very considerable for all mens observation especially those in Authority wherein all my behold what the dismall ends of those Magistrates are who take delight in oppression and unrighteousnesse I shall name divers places and refer them to the deliberate debate of the Reader they are quoted in the Margent I shall onely insist a little on the last Iob. 27.13 14 15 Prov. 14 31 22.16.22 23. Mat 3 5. Amo. 4.1 2 3. Am. 4.1 his words are these Heare this word ye Kins of Bashan that are in the Mountain of Samaria which oppresse the poore which crush the needy which say to their Masters Bring and let us drinke This Prophet though somewhat mysterious and metaphoricall here yet compared with other places will bee made more cleere and intelligible By these Kine Hosea meanes the fore-mentioned Omri which the other wicked Kings of Israel and their pernicious Councels for it was that Omri that bought this Hill Samaria of one Shemer for ten talents of silver and built there on the City Samaria where he lived dyed and was buried Those were they who oppressed the poore and crushed the needy which said to their * In some translations to their Lords 1 King 16.24.28 Mark that expression Masters to wit the oppressed poore and crushed needy Bring and let us drinke But what was the issue of all this The Lord God hath sworne by his Holinesse a greater oath could he not sweate that lo the dayes shall come upon you that he will take you away with bookt v. 2. and your * A sore judgment v. 3. Strange posting from the judgment of God as in Rev. 6.15 16. Posterity with fish-bookt And ye shall go out at the breeches every Cow at that which is before her and ye shall cast them into the Palace some translations have it cast away the things of the Palace saith the Lord. â—Thus much by way of digression let us now proceed to what followeth which you lay down thus For the great complaints made to them although it were false that is reported as I have cause to believe That men are sent from the Army to get hands to Petitions to themselves thereby to draw the eyes of the people after them yet I doe conceive such Petitions ought not to be received by any who either by Protestation or Covenant have sworn to mean the just power and priviledges of the Parliament to whom of right it doth belong to heare and determine all the grievances of the people not remediable in other Ordinary Courts of Justice I perceive now that although you want true matter to taxâ— the Army with yet you want not ill-will enough to insist upon reports that are meerly groundlesse which I feare did first arise from your own braine nor is there any but will marvell at you for undertaking to examine the lawfulnesse of the Armies proceedings and then to bottome your Examination upon bare and unjust reports This is capable of no other Answer it being so untrue but to assure you and the Kingdome that you have wronged the Army herein and I fear that this is but a meer complement framed to hold up your groundlesse discourse and am apt to thinke that if you had any such thing against the Army they should have heard of it with open mouth ere this day but blessed be God that the mouths of gain-sayers are stopt You proceed and say There meaning the House the people may be heard without the forcible recommendation of an Army I wish you would tell the Kingdome when the Army did by force recommend any Petition or thrust on those things that upon serious debate have beene rejected as prejudiciall to the Publique as you affirme or else you will bring such a calumnie upon your selfe for these reports and in print too without the least probation of them in any circumstance of time or otherwise that were your Name to your Booke you could never wipe off againe Now to the last clause in this part of your Examination I only say this That the Army never gave encouragements to such Petitions nor Went about to set themselves as a new Tribunal which is and ought to be believed till the contrary be proved by you who accuse them which will never be whilest the Sun and Moon indure Now wee will goe forward to the next place For the examples of Scotland Netherlands Portugal and some proceedings in this Parliament which you urge for your Warrant I must answer ingenerall that presidents are poore proofes to justifie actions and if admitted there is nothing so bad that might not obtain such a Iustification It is a warrant from some law that must make every action lawfull And although my businesse be not to search into the grounds or proceedings upon which other Nations have taken up armes yet being called unto it I must cleere the misapplication to Scotland c. To this I answer that your examination is full of misapprehensions and you make your mistakes the Armies meaning who intended not that examples should be proofes but presidents neither do they diminish ought from the lawfulnesse of their Cause for Exempla illustrant non restringunt Legeem and that they ground not the lawfulnesse of their actions on them but upon their Commission and