the_o grecian_n call_v a_o bill_n of_o this_o kind_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 33._o quae_fw-la de_fw-la nautico_fw-la soenore_fw-la conscripta_fw-la est_fw-la of_o which_o nauticum_fw-la foenus_fw-la there_o be_v several_a title_n in_o the_o digest_v and_o code_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o money_n so_o lend_v to_o be_v transport_v at_o the_o hazard_n of_o the_o lender_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v call_v pecunia_n trajectitia_fw-la of_o which_o salmatius_n pecunia_fw-la trajectitia_fw-la dicitur_fw-la quae_fw-la trans_fw-la mare_fw-la vehenda_fw-la accipitur_fw-la 2._o &_o usurae_fw-la quae_fw-la ex_fw-la pacto_fw-la in_o eam_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la praestantur_fw-la maritimae_n &_o nauticae_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la four_o bill_n of_o sale_n of_o ship_n be_v make_v conformable_a to_o maritine_n law_n for_o as_o west_n in_o his_o precedent_n deliver_v the_o form_n it_o be_v in_o such_o bill_n of_o sale_n express_v and_o declare_v that_o he_o that_o sell_v the_o ship_n bind_v himself_o his_o executor_n and_o administrator_n the_o say_a ship_n so_o bargain_v and_o sell_v to_o warrant_v and_o defend_v against_o all_o man_n for_o one_o whole_a year_n and_o a_o day_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n the_o danger_n of_o the_o sea_n fire_n and_o enemy_n only_o except_v these_o thing_n be_v consider_v it_o may_v be_v think_v reasonable_a that_o such_o contract_n and_o write_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o law_n among_o merchant_n and_o other_o maritime_a law_n the_o suit_n arise_v about_o the_o same_o shall_v rather_o be_v determine_v in_o those_o court_n where_o the_o proceed_n and_o judgement_n be_v according_a to_o those_o law_n than_o in_o other_o court_n which_o take_v no_o notice_n thereof_o for_o the_o restrain_v of_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n from_o proceed_v in_o suit_n arise_v from_o such_o contract_n and_o write_n make_v at_o land_n although_o the_o business_n therein_o contain_v be_v to_o be_v perform_v at_o sea_n among_o the_o authority_n cite_v by_o sir_n edward_n cook_n there_o may_v be_v intend_v appliable_a to_o this_o purpose_n first_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o the_o 15._o of_o richard_n the_o 2._o chap._n 15._o second_o some_o judgement_n give_v and_o prohibition_n grant_v in_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n concern_v cause_n of_o this_o sort_n commence_v in_o the_o admiralty_n touch_v the_o statute_n of_o the_o 15._o of_o richard_n the_o 2._o chap._n 34._o which_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o the_o main_a objection_n against_o the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n it_o may_v be_v conceive_v that_o whereas_o that_o of_o the_o 13._o chap._n only_o in_o general_n restrain_v the_o admiral_n from_o meddle_v with_o thing_n do_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o allow_v they_o to_o meddle_v with_o thing_n do_v on_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v relate_v to_o the_o sea_n this_o statute_n be_v intend_v to_o declare_v more_o express_o both_o in_o what_o place_n and_o in_o what_o matter_n they_o shall_v not_o meddle_v and_o touch_v the_o place_n in_o regard_n the_o word_n realm_n 43._o as_o sir_n edward_n cook_n observe_v in_o a_o general_a sense_n extend_v to_o the_o sea_n within_o the_o king_n dominion_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o land_n declare_v the_o restraint_n to_o be_v only_o within_o the_o body_n of_o county_n and_o it_o may_v be_v suppose_v that_o he_o intend_v a_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o body_n and_o the_o extremity_n or_o bound_n of_o county_n as_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 3._o of_o edward_n 1_o make_v a_o difference_n betwixt_o thing_n do_v within_o the_o shire_n and_o thing_n do_v within_o the_o march_n and_o border_n of_o shire_n whence_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 5._o of_o elizabeth_n chap._n 5._o allow_v to_o the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n as_o the_o main_a sea_n so_o also_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o body_n of_o any_o county_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o in_o that_o respect_n this_o statute_n special_o except_v from_o the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n the_o conusance_n of_o wreck_n of_o sea_n as_o happen_v on_o the_o coast_n or_o shore_n of_o the_o sea_n out_o of_o the_o body_n of_o any_o county_n so_o that_o as_o to_o the_o place_n or_o territory_n of_o the_o restraint_n this_o statute_n declare_v it_o straight_a than_o that_o of_o the_o 13._o of_o richard_n the_o second_o touch_v the_o matter_n with_o which_o the_o admiral_n by_o this_o statute_n be_v not_o to_o meddle_v within_o the_o body_n of_o county_n they_o be_v express_o declare_v first_o contract_n plea_n and_o quarrel_n that_o be_v personal_a action_n concern_v contract_n and_o second_o be_v employ_v matter_n criminal_a and_o the_o prosecution_n of_o they_o touch_v the_o first_o which_o concern_v this_o assertion_n the_o word_n be_v that_o the_o court_n of_o almiralty_n have_v no_o manner_n of_o conusance_n of_o any_o contract_n plea_n or_o quarrel_n rise_v within_o the_o body_n of_o any_o county_n but_o all_o such_o contract_n plea_n and_o quarrel_n shall_v be_v try_v determine_v and_o remedy_v by_o the_o common_a law_n which_o word_n be_v so_o general_a that_o it_o be_v pretend_v they_o ought_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o all_o contract_n and_o write_n whatsoever_o even_o of_o such_o as_o concern_v sea_n business_n if_o they_o be_v make_v or_o write_v within_o the_o body_n of_o any_o country_n in_o answer_v whereunto_o there_o may_v be_v take_v into_o consideration_n a_o general_n rule_v cite_v by_o sir_n edward_n cook_n allow_v as_o he_o say_v by_o all_o law_n 330._o in_o construction_n of_o statute_n viz._n quamvis_fw-la lex_fw-la generaliter_fw-la loquatur_fw-la restringenda_fw-la tamen_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la cessante_fw-la ratione_fw-la &_o ipsa_fw-la cesset_fw-la cum_fw-la enim_fw-la ratio_fw-la sit_fw-la anima_fw-la vigorque_fw-la ipsius_fw-la legis_fw-la non_fw-la videtur_fw-la legislatur_fw-la id_fw-la sensisse_fw-la quod_fw-la ratione_fw-la caret_fw-la â—tiamsi_fw-la verborum_fw-la generalitas_fw-la prima_fw-la fancy_n aliter_fw-la suadeat_fw-la and_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o statute_n as_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o the_o preamble_n as_o the_o key_n thereof_o be_v to_o hinder_v the_o admiral_n encroach_a of_o divers_a jurisdiction_n franchise_n and_o profit_v pertain_v to_o the_o king_n and_o other_o lord_n beside_o those_o they_o be_v wont_a or_o aught_o to_o have_v of_o right_a by_o which_o word_n it_o be_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o conusance_n of_o some_o maâ—ters_n do_v former_o belong_v to_o that_o jurisdiction_n and_o not_o to_o diminish_v any_o of_o their_o ancient_n and_o just_a right_n in_o thing_n belong_v to_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v permit_v and_o allow_v to_o the_o admiral_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 15._o of_o richard_n 2._o and_o unto_o which_o neither_o the_o king_n court_n noâ—_n the_o court_n of_o any_o other_o lord_n have_v former_o before_o this_o statute_n any_o pretence_n sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o his_o answer_n to_o the_o 1._o objection_n of_o the_o complaint_n 8â—_n jacobi_fw-la say_v that_o the_o judge_n acknowledge_v that_o of_o contract_n pleaâ—_n and_o quarrel_n make_v upon_o the_o sea_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o etc._n etc._n the_o admiralty_n have_v and_o aught_o to_o have_v jurisdiction_n and_o that_o no_o precedent_n can_v be_v show_v that_o any_o prohibition_n have_v be_v grant_v for_o any_o contract_n plea_n or_o quarrel_v concern_v any_o marine_a cause_n make_v or_o do_v upon_o the_o sea_n by_o which_o word_n he_o imply_v that_o although_o the_o admiral_n have_v and_o aught_o to_o have_v jurisdiction_n upon_o the_o sea_n yet_o it_o be_v only_o concern_v marine_a cause_n but_o if_o a_o contract_n plea_n or_o quarrel_n be_v make_v or_o do_v upon_o the_o sea_n concern_v any_o terrene_a cause_n or_o matter_n concern_v business_n of_o the_o county_n a_o prohibition_n may_v be_v grant_v now_o it_o may_v seem_v worthy_a of_o consideration_n whether_o any_o reason_n can_v be_v show_v why_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n ought_v to_o have_v cognizance_n of_o contract_n plea_n and_o quarrel_n which_o concern_v terrene_a cause_n or_o matter_n concern_v business_n of_o the_o county_n make_v or_o do_v upon_o the_o sea_n yet_o if_o contract_v plea_n or_o quarrel_n which_o concern_v marine_a cause_n or_o matter_n belong_v to_o the_o sea_n be_v make_v or_o do_v within_o the_o body_n of_o county_n the_o admiral_n ought_v not_o to_o have_v the_o like_a cognizance_n and_o if_o no_o reason_n thereof_o can_v be_v show_v how_o according_a to_o the_o general_a rule_n which_o sir_n edward_n cook_n deliver_v touch_v the_o construction_n of_o statute_n the_o common_a interpretation_n which_o be_v make_v of_o that_o of_o the_o 15._o of_o richard_n 2._o chap._n 3._o by_o which_o contract_n plea_n and_o quarrel_n arise_v within_o the_o body_n of_o county_n be_v extend_v to_o contract_n plea_n or_o quarrel_n relate_v to_o marine_a affair_n can_v be_v justify_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o rule_n be_v cum_fw-la ratio_fw-la sit_fw-la anima_fw-la legis_fw-la non_fw-la
of_o common_a law_n by_o witness_n which_o say_v he_o come_v to_o pass_v because_o in_o those_o part_n there_o be_v no_o neighbour_n by_o who_o oath_n jury_n of_o twelve_o man_n may_v be_v make_v as_o in_o contract_n and_o other_o case_n arise_v within_o the_o realm_n be_v accustom_v to_o be_v do_v to_o avoid_v the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n in_o hold_v plea_n of_o contract_n or_o thing_n do_v beyond_o the_o sea_n sir_n ed._n cook_n affirm_v that_o bargain_n and_o contract_n so_o make_v wherein_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n can_v administer_v justice_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n for_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n be_v whole_o confine_v to_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v out_o of_o any_o county_n whence_o it_o may_v be_v gather_v that_o as_o to_o this_o point_n he_o intend_v for_o authority_n the_o statute_n of_o the_o 13_o of_o richard_n 2._o which_o set_v forth_o the_o jurisdiction_n both_o of_o the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n court_n as_o also_o of_o the_o court_n of_o the_o admiralty_n that_o concern_v the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n be_v as_o far_o from_o the_o purpose_n as_o it_o be_v from_o sir_n edward_n cook_n think_v to_o give_v any_o addition_n of_o power_n to_o that_o court_n the_o act_n declare_v that_o to_o the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n it_o belong_v to_o have_v conusance_n of_o contract_n and_o deed_n of_o arm_n out_o of_o the_o realm_n whence_o it_o be_v infer_v that_o therefore_o out_o of_o the_o realm_n the_o admiral_n shall_v have_v no_o conusance_n of_o contract_n or_o matter_n concern_v navigation_n and_o trade_n it_o may_v be_v better_o argue_v from_o that_o act_n that_o as_o the_o parliament_n allow_v to_o the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n jurisdiction_n in_o cause_n of_o arm_n and_o war_n arise_v both_o within_o and_o without_o the_o realm_n which_o can_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o common_a law_n so_o it_o do_v intend_v cause_n of_o navigation_n and_o trade_n arise_v either_o within_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n to_o be_v try_v by_o the_o admiral_n the_o nature_n and_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o business_n more_o conduce_v to_o the_o point_n of_o jurisdiction_n than_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o place_n where_o it_o happen_v the_o statute_n which_o allow_v the_o admiral_n to_o meddle_v with_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o sea_n by_o sir_n edward_n cook_n leave_v do_v not_o confine_v his_o jurisdiction_n to_o the_o sea_n in_o respect_n of_o â—ny_a place_n beyond_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v rather_o pretend_v to_o debarr_v he_o from_o meddle_v with_o thing_n do_v within_o the_o realm_n which_o notwithstanding_o it_o be_v former_o show_v that_o the_o admiral_n may_v â—old_a plea_n of_o maritime_a cause_n arise_v â—rom_o contract_v make_v within_o the_o land_n 〈◊〉_d may_v be_v less_o needful_a to_o labour_v to_o prove_v â—hat_n it_o do_v not_o hinder_v he_o from_o take_v conusance_n of_o suit_n concern_v navigation_n and_o trade_n arise_v from_o contract_n make_v and_o business_n do_v beyond_o the_o sea_n the_o other_o authority_n which_o may_v be_v collect_v to_o prove_v how_o the_o admiral_n have_v no_o jurisdiction_n of_o thing_n do_v beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o writ_n in_o the_o register_n and_o fitz_n herbert_n and_o a_o number_n of_o prohibition_n that_o of_o the_o register_n be_v if_o good_n be_v take_v from_o a_o englishman_n in_o spain_n or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o party_n can_v obtain_v justice_n there_o he_o shall_v have_v a_o write_v of_o the_o sheriff_n to_o arrest_v the_o body_n of_o the_o offender_n and_o to_o seize_v their_o good_n to_o the_o value_n which_o prove_v say_v sir_n edwarâ—_n cook_n that_o the_o admiralty_n can_v hold_v plea_n thereof_o for_o that_o the_o party_n have_v remedy_n at_o the_o common_a law_n that_o argument_n be_v as_o good_a as_o if_o he_o have_v say_v there_o lie_v a_o write_v of_o withernam_fw-la at_o the_o common_a law_n therefore_o no_o letter_n oâ—_n reprisall_n can_v be_v grant_v in_o the_o admiralty_n it_o stand_v with_o great_a reason_n that_o iâ—_n a_o subject_n be_v spoil_v of_o his_o good_n in_o anoâ—ther_a realm_n and_o can_v have_v no_o remedy_n there_o that_o the_o party_n or_o the_o good_n belonâ—ging_v to_o he_o be_v find_v within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o common_a law_n they_o â—hould_v be_v make_v liable_a to_o satisfaction_n and_o why_o shall_v it_o be_v think_v unreasonable_a that_o upon_o the_o like_a occasion_n if_o the_o â—arty_n or_o his_o good_n be_v find_v within_o the_o â—urisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n the_o subâ—ect_n shall_v have_v remedy_n there_o but_o this_o authority_n concern_v not_o contract_n or_o bargain_n make_v beyond_o the_o sea_n beside_o how_o far_o this_o writ_n agree_v with_o â—he_n common_a law_n it_o may_v be_v consider_v in_o regard_n mr._n selden_n write_v in_o triâ—unalibus_fw-la nostri_fw-la juris_fw-la municipalis_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o â—ur_n court_v of_o common_a law_n the_o jurisdiction_n have_v be_v ever_o hold_v to_o be_v such_o â—â—at_o according_a to_o the_o strict_a law_n ancient_o practise_v a_o action_n can_v not_o be_v â—ought_v upon_o a_o business_n happen_v elsewhere_o than_o within_o the_o kingdom_n as_o for_o â—any_n age_n since_o it_o have_v be_v hold_v that_o â—â—e_v action_n ought_v to_o be_v reject_v unless_o â—â—e_v ground_n of_o it_o be_v arise_v from_o something_o do_v within_o the_o body_n of_o a_o counâ—â—_n and_o sir_n edward_n cook_n recite_v divers_a authority_n by_o which_o the_o same_o be_v maintain_v as_o agreeable_a to_o the_o common_a law_n â—â—t_v this_o law_n he_o allow_v where_o the_o â—â—ings_n be_v total_o do_v out_o of_o the_o â—â—alm_n and_o imply_v that_o it_o be_v otherwise_o where_o the_o contract_n be_v make_v in_o oâ—_n realm_n and_o the_o performance_n ought_v to_o bâ—_n in_o another_o for_o then_o say_v he_o as_o to_o thâ—_n present_a purpose_n of_o necessity_n the_o conuâ—sance_n must_v be_v where_o the_o contract_n waâ—_n make_v for_o otherwise_o there_o can_v be_v no_o triâ—al_n have_v at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o that_o iâ—_n be_v most_o reasonable_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v so_o because_o the_o contract_n be_v the_o ground_n anâ—_n foundation_n of_o the_o debt_n but_o now_o in_o casâ—_n a_o contract_n be_v make_v in_o partibus_fw-la exteris_fw-la &_o transmarinis_fw-la whereby_o payment_n or_o perâ—formance_n be_v to_o be_v make_v within_o thâ—_n realm_n notwithstanding_o the_o contract_n bâ—_n the_o ground_n and_o foundation_n yet_o the_o juâ—risdiction_n follow_v the_o place_n of_o payment_n and_o performance_n and_o no_o doubt_n for_o thâ—_n same_o reason_n because_o otherwise_o theâ—_n can_v be_v no_o pretence_n for_o a_o trial_n at_o thâ—_n common_a law_n so_o that_o the_o rule_n be_v fraâ—med_v to_o the_o building_n and_o not_o the_o build_n to_o the_o rule_n the_o last_o argument_n be_v that_o divers_a proâ—hibitions_n have_v be_v grant_v upon_o sutâ—_n bring_v in_o the_o admiralty_n for_o thinâ—_n do_v in_o partibus_fw-la exteris_fw-la &_o transmarinal_n and_o the_o first_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o 36._o hen._n 8._o but_o upon_o what_o contract_v buâ—â—â—nesses_n or_o occasion_n those_o suit_n weâ—_n ground_v and_o commence_v it_o be_v not_o specify_v and_o to_o conclude_v this_o point_n as_o the_o former_a first_o the_o three_o request_n of_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n in_o the_o year_n 1575._o viz._n that_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n according_a to_o such_o ancient_a order_n make_v by_o king_n edw._n 1._o and_o his_o council_n and_o according_a to_o the_o letter_n patent_n of_o the_o lord_n admiral_n for_o the_o time_n be_v and_o allow_v of_o other_o king_n of_o this_o land_n ever_o since_o and_o by_o custom_n time_n our_o of_o memory_n of_o man_n may_v have_v cognition_n of_o all_o contract_n and_o other_o thing_n arise_v as_o well_o beyond_o as_o upon_o the_o sea_n without_o â—et_a or_o prohibition_n the_o answer_n be_v that_o it_o â—s_v agree_v upon_o by_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n and_o â—is_n colleague_n second_o all_o the_o judge_n before_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n octavo_n caroli_n agree_v that_o if_o suit_n shall_v be_v commence_v â—n_o the_o court_n of_o admiraly_n for_o contract_n â—ade_v or_o other_o thing_n do_v beyond_o the_o â—ea_n or_o upon_o the_o sea_n no_o prohibition_n be_v â—o_o be_v award_v concern_v the_o concession_n of_o the_o â—udges_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n and_o the_o reâ—olutions_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n allege_v for_o â—â—e_z confirmation_n of_o the_o precedent_a aspersion_n it_o may_v be_v note_v that_o touch_v the_o former_a by_o they_o be_v intend_v certain_a answer_n of_o the_o chief_a justice_n and_o other_o judge_n of_o that_o bench_n to_o the_o request_n of_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n in_o the_o year_n 1575._o of_o which_o mention_n be_v make_v in_o the_o complaint_n of_o the_o admiral_n 7._o object_n wherein_o it_o be_v set_v
always_o that_o if_o any_o merchant_n stranger_n or_o other_o find_v himself_o grieve_v or_o damnify_v by_o negligent_a keep_n of_o his_o ware_n or_o merchandise_n or_o by_o long_a delay_n or_o protract_v of_o time_n in_o make_v of_o the_o voyage_n by_o the_o say_a owner_n his_o master_n or_o any_o of_o the_o mariner_n of_o the_o say_a ship_n otherwise_o than_o shall_v be_v agree_v in_o or_o by_o the_o say_a charter-party_n not_o have_v be_v leâ—ten_o by_o wind_n or_o weather_n he_o shall_v and_o may_v have_v his_o remedy_n by_o way_n of_o complaint_n before_o the_o lord_n admiral_n of_o england_n for_o the_o time_n be_v his_o lieutenant_n or_o deputy_n against_o the_o say_a owner_n or_o master_n who_o shall_v or_o may_v summary_o and_o without_o delay_n take_v such_o order_n therein_o as_o shall_v be_v think_v to_o their_o discretion_n most_o convenient_a and_o according_a to_o right_n and_o justice_n in_o that_o behalf_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o case_n express_v be_v for_o the_o merchant_n to_o recover_v satisfaction_n for_o delay_n or_o damage_n do_v to_o their_o good_n according_a to_o the_o charter-party_n from_o the_o owner_n and_o the_o master_n of_o ship_n and_o it_o be_v very_o unreasonable_a if_o the_o master_n or_o owner_n have_v dee_o perform_v their_o voyage_n may_v not_o seek_v the_o like_a remedy_n before_o the_o same_o judge_n against_o the_o merchant_n not_o observe_v the_o charter-party_n either_o in_o not_o lade_n their_o good_n within_o the_o time_n appoint_v or_o not_o pay_v the_o freight_n according_a to_o agreement_n in_o the_o same_o contain_v and_o express_v the_o cause_n be_v hinc_fw-la inde_fw-la reciprocal_a and_o it_o be_v sometime_o hold_v a_o absurdity_n illud_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o uno_fw-la eodemque_fw-la judicio_fw-la terminari_fw-la potest_fw-la apud_fw-la diversos_fw-la judices_fw-la ventilari_fw-la the_o statute_n of_o the_o 43_o of_o elizabeth_n chap._n 12._o declare_v that_o whereas_o difference_n grow_v upon_o policy_n of_o assurance_n have_v be_v order_v by_o discreet_a merchant_n approve_v by_o the_o lord_n mayor_n who_o do_v speedy_o decide_v those_o cause_n until_o that_o of_o late_a year_n divers_a person_n do_v withdraw_v themselves_o from_o that_o arbitrary_a course_n and_o have_v seek_v to_o draw_v the_o party_n assure_v to_o seek_v their_o money_n of_o every_o several_a assurer_n by_o sules_a commence_v in_o her_o majesty_n court_n to_o their_o great_a charge_n and_o delay_n thereupon_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o a_o commission_n shall_v be_v grant_v give_v power_n to_o certain_a commissioner_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n to_o order_v and_o decree_v such_o cause_n in_o a_o brief_a and_o summary_n course_n without_o formality_n of_o plead_n and_o proceed_n malines_n affirm_v 24._o that_o he_o among_o other_o be_v one_o who_o upon_o experience_n of_o the_o great_a inconvenience_n which_o follow_v upon_o the_o draw_n of_o those_o cause_n to_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n solicit_v the_o parliament_n to_o pass_v that_o act._n the_o legal_a authority_n which_o may_v be_v conceive_v to_o be_v intend_v to_o debar_v the_o admiral_n from_o the_o conusance_n of_o contract_n and_o write_n make_v at_o land_n touch_v thing_n to_o be_v perform_v at_o sea_n or_o such_o as_o show_v that_o since_o the_o make_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 15_o of_o rich._n 2._o chap._n 3._o and_o not_o before_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n have_v admit_v and_o hold_v plea_n of_o charter-party_n of_o policy_n of_o assurance_n and_o declare_v something_o concern_v mariner_n wage_n touch_v charter-party_n it_o be_v show_v first_o that_o in_o the_o 31_o of_o hen._n 6._o a_o action_n be_v bring_v upon_o the_o statute_n of_o double_a damage_n by_o william_n hore_n against_o jeffery_n unton_n who_o have_v sue_v the_o say_a hore_n in_o the_o admiralty_n for_o fourscore_o pound_n upon_o a_o charter-party_n of_o freightment_n of_o a_o ship_n of_o the_o say_a jeffrye_n employ_v to_o go_v towards_o island_n in_o regard_n contractus_fw-la ille_fw-la apud_fw-la novam_fw-la sarum_n infra_fw-la corpus_fw-la comitatus_fw-la &_o non_fw-la super_fw-la altum_fw-la mare_fw-la factus_fw-la &_o junctus_fw-la fuit_fw-la whereupon_o damage_n be_v assess_v against_o the_o defendant_n to_o a_o hundred_o mark_n and_o cost_n to_o 40_o l._n again_o that_o in_o the_o 28_o of_o elizabeth_n in_o the_o king_n bench_n upon_o a_o charter-party_n by_o a_o deed_n indent_a which_o be_v make_v at_o thetford_n in_o the_o county_n of_o norfolk_n evangelist_n constantine_n sue_v hugh_n glynn_n for_o the_o breach_n of_o covenant_n in_o not_o stay_v at_o muâ—trel_n in_o spain_n so_o many_o day_n as_o be_v limit_v by_o the_o covenant_n whereupon_o he_o be_v condemn_v in_o 500_o l._n and_o in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n it_o be_v show_v that_o the_o issue_n do_v arise_v out_o of_o a_o place_n in_o a_o foreign_a kingdom_n from_o whence_o no_o jury_n by_o twelve_o man_n may_v be_v have_v and_o that_o therefore_o the_o trial_n be_v not_o sufficient_a sir_n christopher_n wray_n and_o the_o whole_a bench_n resolve_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n shall_v recover_v 500_o l._n beside_o the_o cost_n and_o damage_n because_o the_o charter-party_n be_v make_v at_o thetford_n within_o the_o realm_n concern_v policy_n of_o assurance_n that_o in_o the_o 38_o of_o hen._n 8._o in_o a_o case_n betwixt_o crane_n and_o beâ—l_n touch_v a_o promise_n make_v at_o dartmouth_n that_o the_o ship_n shall_v pass_v without_o take_v which_o be_v afterward_o surprise_v by_o the_o spaniard_n upon_o the_o high_a sea_n it_o be_v hold_v not_o determinable_a in_o the_o admiralty_n for_o although_o the_o take_n be_v upon_o the_o sea_n yet_o the_o promise_n be_v upon_o the_o land_n again_o that_o in_o the_o 36_o of_o elizabeth_n a_o action_n of_o the_o case_n be_v bring_v in_o the_o king_n bench_n upon_o a_o assumpsit_fw-la from_o a_o policy_n of_o assurance_n where_o it_o be_v undertake_v that_o a_o ship_n shall_v sail_v safe_o from_o melcomb_n regis_fw-la to_o abbevil_n in_o france_n the_o ship_n be_v arrest_v by_o the_o french_a king_n in_o the_o river_n of_o somme_n in_o the_o realm_n of_o france_n and_o the_o matter_n be_v there_o adjudge_v â—o_o which_o may_v be_v add_v what_o sr_n ed._n cook_n deliver_v for_o law_n in_o dowdales_n case_n cu_z combein_fw-fr le_fw-fr contract_n comme_fw-fr le_fw-fr performance_n etc._n etc._n when_o as_o well_o the_o contract_n as_o the_o performance_n of_o it_o be_v whole_o do_v beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o it_o so_o appear_v the_o trial_n fail_v at_o the_o common_a law_n but_o here_o say_v he_o the_o assumpsit_fw-la be_v make_v at_o london_n which_o be_v the_o ground_n and_o foundation_n of_o the_o action_n and_o therefore_o the_o trial_n of_o necessity_n shall_v be_v there_o or_o otherwise_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v try_v at_o all_o and_o the_o arrest_n which_o be_v in_o issue_n be_v not_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o action_n but_o the_o assumpsit_fw-la etc._n etc._n touch_v mariner_n wage_n be_v that_o of_o the_o book_n of_o 48_o of_o edw._n 3._o where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o if_o a_o mariner_n make_v a_o covenant_n with_o one_o to_o serve_v in_o a_o ship_n on_o the_o sea_n yet_o if_o his_o wage_n be_v not_o pay_v they_o shall_v be_v demand_v in_o that_o court_n by_o the_o common_a law_n nemy_n per_fw-la ley_fw-fr mariner_n to_o these_o authority_n it_o may_v be_v reply_v in_o general_a that_o all_o but_o the_o last_o be_v ground_v upon_o the_o common_o receive_v sense_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 15._o rich._n 2._o that_o the_o contract_n do_v rise_v only_o there_o where_o it_o be_v make_v or_o write_v with_o out_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o business_n and_o the_o occasion_n thereof_o from_o whence_o in_o truth_n it_o do_v more_o proper_o arise_v and_o whereas_o other_o act_n of_o parliament_n have_v in_o some_o special_a point_n ordain_v and_o declare_v otherwise_o it_o may_v be_v hope_v that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v hold_v a_o crime_n unexcusable_a if_o a_o man_n shall_v doubt_v of_o the_o reasonableness_n of_o those_o authority_n touch_v the_o particular_n as_o first_o of_o the_o 31._o of_o henry_n 6._o betwixt_o hore_n and_o unton_n wherein_o double_a damage_n be_v give_v for_o sue_v in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n upon_o a_o charter-party_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o suit_n be_v upon_o a_o charter-party_n of_o freightment_n for_o four_o score_n pound_n it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v for_o the_o freight_n of_o the_o ship_n although_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a and_o if_o it_o be_v so_o why_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n shall_v not_o as_o well_o sue_v for_o his_o freight_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 32._o of_o hen._n 8._o as_o the_o merchant_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o same_o statute_n may_v sue_v in_o the_o admiralty_n for_o damage_n do_v to_o his_o
good_n aboard_o a_o ship_n contrary_a to_o the_o charter-party_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v make_v if_o no_o reason_n can_v be_v show_v that_o judgement_n may_v be_v think_v not_o to_o have_v be_v ground_v so_o much_o upon_o reason_n as_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o common_a receive_v opinion_n of_o the_o meaning_n of_o that_o statute_n as_o it_o be_v therein_o relate_v quia_fw-la contractus_fw-la ille_fw-la apud_fw-la novam_fw-la sarum_n factus_fw-la &_o junctus_fw-la fuit_fw-la touch_v that_o of_o the_o 28._o of_o elizabeth_n whereby_o glynn_n be_v condemn_v to_o constantine_n for_o breach_n of_o covenant_n in_o a_o charter-party_n in_o the_o sum_n of_o 500_o l._n it_o seem_v a_o case_n far_o more_o reasonable_a though_o something_o grievous_a because_o it_o be_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o a_o suit_n upon_o a_o charter-party_n may_v be_v commence_v at_o the_o common_a law_n upon_o a_o penalty_n as_o it_o seem_v that_o be_v for_o breach_n of_o covenant_n in_o not_o stay_v at_o madrill_n so_o many_o day_n as_o be_v limit_v by_o the_o charter-party_n only_o that_o be_v think_v no_o conclude_a argument_n against_o a_o suit_n in_o the_o admiralty_n for_o fraught_v ground_v on_o a_o charter-party_n but_o whereas_o when_o in_o the_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o trial_n be_v not_o sufficient_a because_o the_o issue_n do_v arise_v out_o of_o a_o place_n in_o a_o foreign_a kingdom_n from_o whence_o no_o jury_n by_o twelve_o man_n may_v be_v have_v sir_n edw._n cook_n say_v that_o sir_n christopher_n wray_n and_o the_o whole_a bench_n resolve_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n shall_v recover_v cost_v and_o damage_n because_o the_o charter-party_n be_v make_v at_o thetford_n in_o norfolk_n within_o the_o realm_n it_o be_v as_o much_o as_o if_o sir_n edw._n cook_n have_v say_v that_o whether_o the_o suggestion_n in_o the_o issue_n be_v true_a or_o false_a try_v by_o a_o competent_a or_o incompetent_a jury_n yet_o if_o the_o suit_n be_v bring_v upon_o a_o charter-party_n the_o conusance_n thereof_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o whether_o the_o former_a judge_n have_v proceed_v well_o or_o not_o be_v not_o material_a so_o that_o what_o be_v premise_v former_o touch_v judgement_n and_o judicial_a act_n in_o the_o first_o chap._n may_v from_o this_o case_n be_v excuse_v and_o as_o touch_v the_o infinite_a prohibition_n grant_v upon_o suit_n commence_v in_o the_o admiralty_n concern_v charter-party_n there_o may_v be_v something_o declare_v and_o make_v appear_v reasonable_a hereafter_o in_o a_o other_o place_n as_o to_o the_o instance_n of_o policy_n of_o assurance_n hold_v tryable_a at_o the_o common_a law_n although_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 43._o of_o elizabeth_n it_o have_v be_v show_v that_o the_o proceed_n in_o those_o cause_n at_o the_o common_a law_n be_v altogether_o inconvenient_a to_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o in_o regard_n sir_n edward_n cook_n reason_n in_o dowdales_n case_n for_o the_o maintain_n of_o proceed_n in_o such_o business_n may_v be_v apply_v to_o other_o matter_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o admiralty_n jurisdiction_n something_o may_v be_v observe_v concern_v the_o same_o in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n reason_n as_o first_o that_o the_o assumpsit_fw-la be_v the_o ground_n and_o foundation_n of_o the_o action_n and_o that_o the_o arrest_v or_o imbargo_n in_o that_o case_n have_v be_v no_o ground_n of_o a_o action_n if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o assumpsit_fw-la neither_o can_v the_o assumpsit_fw-la have_v produce_v a_o action_n if_o there_o have_v not_o be_v a_o arrest_n but_o what_o be_v the_o near_a and_o immediate_a ground_n of_o the_o action_n without_o doubt_n the_o arrest_n and_o what_o be_v chief_o in_o question_n not_o the_o assumpsit_fw-la for_o it_o be_v take_v for_o grant_v that_o that_o be_v do_v in_o london_n but_o it_o be_v the_o arrest_n which_o as_o it_o be_v declare_v be_v in_o issue_n and_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o the_o common_a law_n which_o intend_v a_o trial_n of_o the_o vicinage_n intend_v it_o of_o the_o thing_n or_o matter_n which_o be_v in_o issue_n to_o be_v try_v but_o he_o further_o argue_v that_o the_o trial_n must_v be_v of_o necessity_n where_o the_o assumpsit_fw-la be_v make_v for_o otherwise_o there_o can_v have_v be_v no_o trial_n at_o the_o common_a law_n which_o may_v have_v savour_v of_o some_o reason_n if_o possible_o there_o can_v have_v be_v no_o trial_n in_o any_o other_o court_n but_o the_o cause_n be_v maritime_a and_o among_o merchant_n it_o may_v more_o proper_o have_v be_v try_v in_o the_o admiralty_n or_o in_o the_o assurance_n court_n without_o a_o jury_n or_o trial_n of_o twelve_o man_n by_o witness_n as_o fortescue_n acknowledge_v three_o touch_v that_o of_o the_o book_n of_o 48._o of_o edward_n the_o 3._o where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o if_o a_o mariner_n make_v covenant_n only_o to_o serve_v in_o a_o ship_n on_o the_o sea_n yet_o if_o the_o wage_n be_v not_o pay_v they_o shall_v be_v demand_v in_o that_o court_n by_o the_o common_a law_n not_o by_o the_o law_n mariner_n the_o occasion_n be_v that_o a_o action_n of_o debt_n be_v bâ—ought_v at_o the_o common_a law_n upon_o a_o obligation_n date_v at_o harflet_n in_o kent_n whereas_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v make_v in_o normandy_n and_o the_o consideration_n be_v service_n do_v in_o war_n in_o france_n thereupon_o one_o of_o the_o judge_n say_v that_o the_o sum_n demand_v grow_v due_a for_o service_n do_v in_o war_n the_o cause_n ought_v to_o be_v try_v in_o the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n court_n another_o as_o it_o seem_v willing_a to_o retain_v the_o cause_n say_v tâ—at_a he_o hire_v a_o man_n to_o go_v in_o a_o message_n to_o rome_n although_o the_o service_n be_v do_v in_o another_o realm_n yet_o what_o be_v due_a by_o covenant_n may_v be_v recover_v in_o that_o court_n another_o say_v if_o a_o mariner_n make_v a_o covenant_n with_o one_o to_o serve_v in_o a_o ship_n on_o the_o sea_n yet_o if_o his_o wage_n be_v not_o pay_v they_o shall_v be_v demand_v by_o the_o common_a law_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a it_o be_v not_o a_o resolution_n of_o the_o court_n but_o a_o fuit_fw-la dic_fw-la as_o they_o say_v and_o one_o man_n opinion_n by_o way_n of_o argument_n to_o another_o purpose_n and_o the_o ground_n thereof_o may_v be_v that_o if_o it_o be_v in_o issue_n whether_o such_o a_o covenant_n be_v make_v it_o may_v be_v try_v at_o the_o common_a law_n but_o it_o do_v not_o conclude_v but_o that_o if_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o service_n in_o the_o ship_n be_v perform_v on_o the_o sea_n it_o may_v more_o proper_o be_v try_v in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n for_o confirmation_n on_o this_o point_n first_o to_o the_o 4._o request_v of_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n to_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n 12._o may_v 1575._o viz._n that_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n may_v have_v and_o enjoy_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o breach_n of_o charter-party_n make_v between_o master_n of_o ship_n and_o merchant_n for_o voyage_n to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n according_a as_o it_o have_v be_v accustom_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n and_o according_a to_o the_o good_a meaning_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o 32._o hen._n 8._o chap._n 14._o though_o the_o same_o charter-party_n be_v make_v with_o in_o the_o realm_n the_o answer_n be_v this_o be_v agree_v upon_o for_o thing_n to_o be_v perform_v upon_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n though_o the_o charter-party_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o land_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 32._o hen._n 8._o chap._n 14._o second_o it_o be_v agree_v unto_o by_o all_o the_o judge_n and_o attorney_n general_n before_o the_o king_n and_o his_o counsel_n that_o if_o a_o suit_n be_v before_o the_o admiral_n for_o freight_n or_o mariner_n wage_n or_o for_o breach_n of_o charter-party_n for_o voyage_n to_o be_v make_v beyond_o the_o sea_n although_o the_o charter-party_n happen_v to_o be_v make_v with_o in_o the_o realm_n and_o although_o the_o money_n be_v payable_a within_o the_o realm_n so_o as_o the_o penalty_n be_v not_o demand_v a_o prohibition_n be_v not_o to_o be_v grant_v but_o if_o the_o suit_n be_v for_o the_o penalty_n or_o if_o the_o question_n be_v make_v whether_o the_o charter-party_n be_v make_v or_o not_o or_o whether_o the_o party_n do_v release_v it_o be_v to_o be_v try_v by_o the_o king_n court_n at_o westminster_n so_o that_o at_o first_o it_o be_v deny_v upon_o oath_n that_o a_o charter-party_n be_v make_v or_o a_o denial_n upon_o oath_n tender_v to_o which_o it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o it_o be_v there_o further_o agree_v that_o if_o suit_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n for_o building_n
but_o which_o be_v whole_o distinct_a from_o the_o same_o in_o the_o first_o case_n he_o confess_v that_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o allege_v the_o cause_n of_o action_n to_o arise_v within_o the_o new_a create_a jurisdiction_n because_o prima_fw-la fancy_n nay_o de_fw-la jure_fw-la the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n have_v general_a jurisdiction_n of_o those_o thing_n but_o in_o the_o late_a case_n as_o of_o the_o admiralty_n if_o the_o cause_n be_v maritime_a there_o be_v no_o need_n to_o aver_v it_o to_o have_v be_v do_v upon_o the_o sea_n out_o of_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n for_o that_o it_o do_v not_o tend_v to_o the_o diminution_n of_o any_o of_o those_o court_n and_o for_o confirmation_n thereof_o he_o affirm_v that_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o marshalsey_n stand_v partly_o upon_o the_o statute_n articuli_fw-la super_fw-la chartas_n and_o the_o word_n of_o that_o statute_n be_v as_o restrictive_a as_o any_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n touch_v the_o admiralty_n and_o by_o the_o book_n of_o the_o common_a law_n the_o marshal_n can_v hold_v plea_n in_o some_o case_n unless_o both_o party_n be_v of_o the_o king_n household_n nor_o in_o any_o case_n unless_o one_o of_o the_o party_n be_v so_o yet_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o declaration_n be_v good_a although_o it_o be_v not_o aver_v therein_o that_o any_o of_o the_o party_n be_v of_o the_o household_n and_o therefore_o a_o fortiori_fw-la it_o be_v not_o necessary_a in_o the_o admiralty_n to_o specify_v in_o the_o libel_n the_o thing_n to_o have_v be_v do_v super_fw-la alto_fw-mi mari_fw-fr the_o admiralty_n jurisdiction_n be_v more_o distinct_a from_o the_o common_a law_n than_o that_o of_o the_o court_n of_o marshalsey_n that_o the_o trial_n of_o cause_n concern_v navigation_n and_o trade_n in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n 9_o be_v more_o commodious_a for_o the_o subject_n and_o kingdom_n of_o england_n than_o in_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n how_o much_o the_o maintenance_n and_o advancement_n of_o navigation_n and_o trade_n by_o sea_n concern_v the_o kingdom_n and_o subject_n thereof_o sir_n edward_n cook_n deliver_v 28._o who_o say_v that_o trade_n and_o traffic_n be_v the_o livelihood_n of_o a_o merchant_n and_o the_o life_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n wherein_o the_o kingdom_n and_o every_o subject_a have_v interest_n for_o the_o merchant_n be_v the_o good_a bailiff_n of_o the_o realm_n to_o export_v and_o vent_v the_o native_a commodity_n and_o to_o import_n and_o bring_v in_o the_o necessary_a commodity_n for_o the_o defence_n and_o benefit_n of_o the_o realm_n so_o much_o be_v confirm_v by_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n frame_v by_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o statute_n of_o the_o 32._o of_o henry_n the_o 8._o chap._n 24._o set_v forth_o that_o it_o be_v notorious_o know_v that_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v environ_v with_o the_o sea_n so_o that_o the_o subject_n can_v convey_v and_o transport_v their_o ware_n merchandize_n and_o commodity_n by_o land_n but_o only_o by_o ship_n and_o that_o the_o navy_n and_o multitude_n of_o ship_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v very_o commodious_a and_o necessary_a as_o well_o for_o the_o intercourse_n and_o concourse_n of_o merchant_n convey_v and_o transport_v their_o ware_n and_o merchandize_n and_o a_o great_a defence_n and_o security_n to_o this_o realm_n as_o well_o to_o offend_v and_o defend_v as_o also_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o many_o master_n mariner_n and_o seaman_n and_o also_o have_v be_v the_o chief_a maintenance_n and_o supportation_n of_o city_n town_n havens_n and_o creek_n near_o adjoin_v unto_o the_o seacoast_n likewise_o that_o of_o the_o 43._o of_o elizabeth_n chap._n 12._o declare_v that_o it_o have_v always_o be_v the_o policy_n of_o this_o realm_n by_o all_o good_a mean_n to_o comfort_n and_o encourage_v the_o merchant_n thereby_o to_o advance_v the_o general_a wealth_n of_o this_o realm_n the_o king_n custom_n and_o strength_n of_o ship_n etc._n etc._n 37._o it_o have_v be_v former_o observe_v that_o for_o the_o encouragement_n of_o those_o who_o maintain_v trade_n by_o sea_n in_o all_o nation_n and_o state_n there_o have_v be_v special_a judge_n appoint_v to_o hear_v and_o determine_v cause_n concern_v trade_n and_o affair_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o it_o may_v be_v further_o note_v that_o such_o judge_n have_v be_v direct_v to_o proceed_v at_o such_o time_n and_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o may_v best_o consist_v with_o the_o opportunity_n of_o trade_n and_o least_o hinder_v or_o detain_v man_n from_o their_o employment_n â—_o among_o the_o grecian_n as_o at_o athens_n it_o be_v provide_v that_o all_o suit_n betwixt_o seaman_n and_o merchant_n shall_v be_v determine_v in_o those_o vacation_n when_o the_o sea_n be_v bar_v or_o in_o those_o month_n when_o navigation_n be_v restrain_v so_o much_o be_v confirm_v by_o salmatius_n eo_fw-la tempore_fw-la quo_fw-la oritur_fw-la arcturus_n navigationes_fw-la svas_fw-la ut_fw-la plurimum_fw-la desinebant_fw-la mercatores_fw-la domumque_fw-la redibant_fw-la boedromion_n quip_n mensis_fw-la qui_fw-la septembri_n respondet_fw-la quo_fw-la tempore_fw-la ferè_fw-la arcturus_n oritur_fw-la terminus_fw-la erat_fw-la navigationum_fw-la atticarum_fw-la ideo_fw-la ab_fw-la eo_fw-la mense_fw-la munichiâ—nem_fw-la usque_fw-la quo_fw-la mense_fw-la iterum_fw-la se_fw-la mari_fw-fr committebant_fw-la ac_fw-la vela_fw-la dabunt_fw-la mercatores_fw-la athenienses_fw-la in_o urbe_fw-la desidebant_fw-la &_o light_n svas_fw-la disceptabant_fw-la ut_fw-la videre_fw-la est_fw-la apud_fw-la demosthenem_fw-la adversus_fw-la apaturium_fw-la cujacius_n among_o the_o roman_n likewise_o for_o the_o better_a dispatch_n of_o cause_n concern_v sea-business_n the_o judge_n be_v order_v to_o proceed_v levato_fw-la velo_fw-la and_o de_fw-fr plano_fw-la without_o that_o solemnity_n and_o formality_n which_o be_v use_v in_o ordinary_a court_n and_o cause_n so_o in_o italy_n spain_n and_o france_n the_o judge_n proceed_v in_o cause_n concern_v the_o sea_n summary_o and_o in_o a_o more_o compendious_a way_n than_o other_o judge_n use_v and_o the_o like_a as_o sir_n john_n davies_n relate_v have_v seem_v to_o the_o wisdom_n of_o this_o kingdom_n our_o parliament_n say_v he_o have_v not_o only_o make_v extraordinary_a provision_n for_o a_o more_o speedy_a recovery_n of_o debt_n due_a unto_o merchant_n for_o their_o merchandize_n than_o be_v provide_v by_o our_o common_a law_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o acton_n burnel_n make_v the_o 11._o of_o edward_n 1._o and_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr mercatoribus_fw-la make_v the_o 13._o of_o edward_n 1._o but_o also_o have_v allow_v a_o court_n of_o proceed_n in_o case_n of_o merchant_n different_a from_o the_o course_n of_o our_o common_a law_n for_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 27._o of_o edw._n 3._o cap._n 2._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o proceed_n in_o cause_n of_o merchant_n shall_v be_v from_o day_n to_o day_n and_o from_o hour_n to_o hour_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o staple_n and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n and_o by_o another_o article_n in_o the_o same_o parliament_n that_o all_o merchant_n come_v to_o the_o staple_n shall_v be_v rule_v by_o law-merchant_n touch_v all_o thing_n come_v to_o the_o staple_n and_o not_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o by_o another_o article_n that_o neither_o any_o of_o the_o bench_n nor_o any_o of_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o common_a law_n shall_v have_v any_o jurisdiction_n in_o those_o case_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v the_o statute_n of_o 32_o of_o hen._n 8._o chap._n 15._o and_o of_o the_o 43_o of_o elizabeth_n chap._n 12._o which_o direct_v that_o such_o cause_n betwixt_o seaman_n and_o merchant_n shall_v be_v order_v summary_o and_o without_o delay_n and_o as_o in_o discretion_n shall_v seem_v most_o convenient_a all_o which_o be_v and_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o court_n of_o the_o admiralty_n which_o in_o many_o cause_n proceed_v at_o any_o time_n and_o in_o all_o cause_n summary_o and_o according_a to_o equity_n but_o neither_o be_v nor_o can_v be_v observe_v in_o court_n of_o common_a law_n which_o be_v open_v only_o in_o term_n time_n and_o proceed_v in_o a_o ordinary_a and_o strict_a way_n second_o for_o the_o advantage_n of_o those_o who_o use_v navigation_n and_o trade_n by_o sea_n the_o law-merchant_n and_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n admit_v of_o divers_a thing_n not_o agreeable_a to_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n which_o may_v be_v better_o insist_v on_o in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n than_o in_o the_o court_n of_o the_o common_a law_n so_o much_o be_v likewise_o declare_v by_o sir_n john_n davyes_n relate_v several_a instance_n to_o that_o purpose_n 1._o if_o two_o merchant_n say_v he_o be_v joint_a owner_n or_o partner_n of_o merchandize_n which_o they_o have_v acquire_v by_o a_o joint_a contract_n the_o one_o shall_v have_v a_o action_n of_o
three_o touch_v this_o statute_n it_o may_v be_v observe_v what_o sir_n edward_n cook_n deliver_v out_o of_o plowdens_n commentary_n 330._o that_o the_o preamble_n of_o a_o statute_n be_v the_o key_n to_o open_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o maker_n of_o the_o act_n and_o the_o mischief_n which_o they_o intend_v to_o remedy_n now_o in_o the_o preamble_n of_o the_o statute_n it_o â—s_v suggest_v that_o the_o admiral_n have_v encroacht_v divers_a jurisdiction_n and_o franchise_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n &_o other_o lord_n from_o whence_o it_o may_v be_v conceive_v that_o the_o parliament_n intend_v only_o to_o restrain_v he_o from_o meddle_v in_o his_o court_n with_o such_o thing_n within_o the_o realm_n wherein_o he_o have_v encroacht_v upon_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o king_n and_o other_o lord_n which_o what_o those_o thing_n be_v it_o do_v no_o way_n appear_v but_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v or_o reasonable_o conceive_v that_o it_o be_v intend_v the_o admiral_n shall_v be_v debar_v from_o proceed_v in_o cause_n of_o navigation_n and_o negotiation_n by_o sea_n which_o never_o do_v belong_v to_o any_o other_o court_n of_o the_o king_n or_o other_o lord_n and_o be_v former_o hold_v proper_a for_o the_o conusance_n of_o the_o admiral_n and_o as_o thing_n be_v then_o state_v can_v not_o be_v hold_v encroachment_n so_o much_o may_v the_o rather_o be_v suppose_v because_o the_o statute_n restrain_v he_o from_o meddle_v with_o thing_n do_v within_o the_o realm_n but_o only_o with_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o sea_n further_o add_v according_a to_o what_o have_v be_v due_o use_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o noble_a prince_n king_n edward_n grandfather_n to_o the_o king_n which_o be_v king_n edward_n the_o three_o sir_n henry_n spâ—â—man_n write_v admiral_n that_o some_o man_n do_v conceive_v causarum_fw-la nauticarum_fw-la cognitionem_fw-la &_o forum_n rei_fw-la maritimae_fw-la quod_fw-la hodie_fw-la curiam_fw-la admiralitatis_fw-la vocant_fw-la sub_fw-la edwardo_n tertio_fw-la illuxisse_fw-la and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o in_o that_o king_n time_n who_o do_v many_o other_o glorious_a thing_n for_o the_o good_a of_o this_o nation_n the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n receive_v some_o setlement_n and_o grow_v more_o conspicuous_a than_o it_o be_v before_o but_o the_o constitution_n observe_v by_o mr._n selden_n in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o admiralty_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o 142._o richard_n the_o first_o king_n john_n and_o edward_n the_o first_o do_v manifest_a that_o the_o court_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a and_o sir_n edward_n cook_n to_o show_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n to_o have_v be_v long_o before_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o in_o who_o day_n he_o say_v that_o some_o have_v dream_v that_o it_o have_v begin_v recite_v the_o ancient_a record_n de_fw-fr superioritate_fw-la maris_fw-la 144._o before_o mention_v and_o likewise_o another_o quote_v also_o by_o mr._n seldâ—n_n 16._o wherein_o it_o be_v show_v that_o king_n edw._n the_o three_o in_o the_o 12_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n do_v consult_v with_o all_o his_o judge_n ad_fw-la finem_fw-la quod_fw-la retineatur_fw-la &_o continuetur_fw-la ad_fw-la subditorum_fw-la prosecutionem_fw-la forma_fw-la procedendi_fw-la quondam_a domini_fw-la regis_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o be_v to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o form_n of_o proceed_n at_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o subject_n begin_v and_o ordain_v by_o his_o grandfather_n king_n edward_n the_o first_o and_o his_o counsel_n for_o retain_v and_o preserve_v the_o ancient_a sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o the_o right_n of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o admiralty_n in_o the_o same_o may_v be_v resume_v and_o continue_v touch_v the_o correct_v interpret_n and_o declare_v the_o law_n and_o statute_n late_o ordain_v for_o the_o maintain_n of_o peace_n and_o justice_n among_o the_o people_n of_o all_o nation_n whatsoever_o pass_v through_o the_o english_a sea_n and_o for_o punish_v of_o offence_n and_o for_o give_v of_o satisfaction_n to_o such_o as_o be_v damnify_v which_o law_n and_o statute_n be_v correct_v declare_v interpret_v and_o publish_v by_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o king_n of_o england_n in_o his_o return_n from_o the_o holy_a land_n and_o be_v entitle_v le_fw-fr ley_n oleron_n in_o the_o french_a tongue_n and_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o law_n be_v continue_v all_o that_o king_n time_n in_o regard_n that_o in_o the_o 49_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n the_o select_a seaman_n for_o the_o inquisition_n at_o quinborough_n in_o the_o conclusion_n say_v that_o touch_v some_o business_n propose_v in_o the_o article_n of_o the_o inquisition_n they_o know_v no_o better_o advise_v nor_o remedy_n than_o that_o which_o have_v be_v former_o use_v and_o practise_v after_o the_o manner_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n all_o which_o be_v admit_v and_o due_o consider_v it_o may_v be_v presume_v that_o such_o cause_n as_o do_v original_o by_o civil_a law_n belong_v to_o the_o admiralty_n and_o what_o former_a king_n have_v ancient_o ordain_v for_o the_o regulate_v of_o the_o same_o as_o likewise_o such_o as_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o matter_n decide_v in_o the_o judgement_n of_o oleron_n and_o what_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o inquisition_n take_v at_o quinborough_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o be_v within_o the_o conusance_n of_o the_o admiralty_n court_n and_o consequent_o the_o same_o be_v permit_v to_o be_v try_v and_o determine_v in_o the_o same_o court_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 13_o of_o rich._n 2._o touch_v the_o judgement_n judicial_a act_n and_o book-case_n intend_v to_o restrain_v the_o admiral_n of_o england_n in_o exercise_n of_o his_o jurisdiction_n as_o it_o be_v grant_v in_o the_o king_n commission_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v in_o general_a first_o that_o those_o judgement_n judicial_a act_n etc._n etc._n be_v in_o cause_n of_o difference_n in_o respect_n of_o jurisdiction_n betwixt_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n and_o the_o admiralty_n court_n and_o it_o be_v incident_a to_o all_o profession_n where_o there_o be_v any_o competition_n or_o emulation_n with_o other_o to_o incline_v to_o that_o which_o be_v most_o to_o their_o advantage_n second_o such_o judgement_n sand_n book-case_n have_v be_v ground_v upon_o the_o common_a understanding_n of_o the_o statute_n without_o any_o notice_n or_o respect_n to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o condition_n of_o maritime_a cause_n the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o place_n be_v the_o chief_a rule_n by_o which_o they_o have_v be_v frame_v three_o that_o many_o of_o they_o upon_o due_a examination_n may_v be_v find_v not_o so_o conclude_v as_o they_o be_v pretend_v and_o although_o much_o respect_n and_o reverence_n be_v due_a to_o the_o author_n yet_o we_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o believe_v that_o their_o judgement_n be_v infallible_a four_o that_o the_o judicial_a proceed_n as_o prohibition_n be_v the_o result_v of_o the_o former_a authority_n they_o may_v be_v weigh_v according_o last_o touch_v the_o main_a piece_n sir_n edward_n cook_n articuli_fw-la admiralitatis_fw-la carry_v the_o reputation_n of_o the_o resolution_n of_o all_o â—â—e_v judge_n touch_v the_o matter_n therein_o contain_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o they_o very_o much_o differ_v from_o the_o concession_n of_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n 1575._o and_o from_o the_o resolution_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n the_o 18_o of_o february_n 1632_o subscribe_v unto_o by_o they_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o king_n charles_n and_o twenty_o lord_n of_o his_o counsel_n the_o particular_a authority_n which_o may_v be_v collect_v out_o of_o sr._n edward_n cook_n note_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n have_v no_o conusance_n of_o thing_n do_v within_o the_o realm_n but_o only_o of_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o sea_n be_v as_o follow_v 1_o that_o in_o the_o 2_o rich._n 2._o hibernici_n sunt_fw-la sub_fw-la admirallo_fw-la angliae_fw-la de_fw-la facto_fw-la super_fw-la alto_fw-mi mari._n 2_o that_o the_o 7_o rich._n 2._o in_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n bring_v for_o a_o ship_n and_o merchandises_n take_v away_o the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o he_o do_v take_v they_o en_fw-fr le_fw-fr haut_fw-fr mer_n ou_fw-fr les_fw-fr norman_n que_fw-fr la_fw-fr enemis_fw-fr la_fw-fr roy_fw-fr and_o it_o be_v allow_v a_o good_a plea_n 3_o that_o fortescue_n who_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n the_o six_o say_v siquae_fw-la super_fw-la altum_fw-la mare_fw-la extra_fw-la corpus_fw-la comitatus_fw-la in_o placito_fw-la coram_fw-la admirallo_fw-la deducantur_fw-la per_fw-la testes_fw-la terminari_fw-la debent_fw-la 4_o that_o dyer_n in_o the_o time_n of_o queen_n mary_n say_v that_o by_o the_o libel_n in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n the_o case_n be_v suppose_v to_o commence_v sur_fw-fr le_fw-fr haut_fw-fr mer_fw-fr &_o intra_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la de_fw-fr l'_fw-fr admiralty_n to_o these_o authority_n may_v be_v answer_v in_o general_a first_o that_o
videtur_fw-la legislator_n id_fw-la sensisse_fw-la quod_fw-la ratione_fw-la caret_fw-la etiamsi_fw-la verborum_fw-la generalitas_fw-la prima_fw-la fancy_n aliter_fw-la suadeat_fw-la and_o that_o the_o place_n only_o where_o a_o contract_n be_v make_v of_o write_v shall_v alter_v or_o transferr_v the_o jurisdiction_n to_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n may_v seem_v very_o unreasonable_a for_o the_o reason_n follow_v first_o for_o that_o contract_n plea_n and_o quarrel_n be_v thing_n incorporeal_a or_o matter_n of_o right_a may_v more_o proper_o be_v say_v to_o arise_v from_o that_o from_o which_o they_o be_v cause_v or_o occasion_v than_o from_o the_o place_n where_o they_o happen_v to_o be_v make_v and_o so_o contract_v plea_n and_o quarrel_n occasion_v by_o the_o business_n of_o the_o county_n may_v be_v say_v to_o arise_v within_o the_o body_n of_o the_o county_n and_o contract_n plea_n and_o quarrel_n occasion_v by_o the_o business_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v say_v to_o arise_v from_o the_o sea_n in_o what_o place_n so_o ever_o they_o happen_v to_o be_v make_v or_o write_a so_o it_o be_v proper_o say_v exit_fw-la facto_fw-la jus_o oritur_fw-la &_o actio_fw-la oritur_fw-la ex_fw-la delicto_fw-la because_o the_o law_n result_v from_o the_o fact_n and_o the_o action_n be_v occasion_v by_o the_o fault_n so_o where_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n be_v say_v to_o be_v pour_fw-fr le_fw-fr fait_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mer_n mr._n selden_n render_v it_o in_o latin_a 49._o ob_fw-la causam_fw-la aliquam_fw-la à _fw-la re_fw-la maritima_fw-la ortam_fw-la and_o salmatius_n as_o before_o say_v 2._o usurae_fw-la propter_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la trajectitiam_fw-la praestandae_fw-la maritimae_fw-la &_o nauticae_fw-la vocantur_fw-la etsi_fw-la nummi_fw-la in_o terris_fw-la dantur_fw-la second_o that_o the_o end_n of_o a_o contract_n be_v to_o have_v something_o perform_v and_o plea_n and_o quarrel_n be_v occasion_v by_o the_o non-performance_n or_o ill_a performance_n of_o the_o same_o the_o place_n of_o performance_n be_v more_o considerable_a than_o the_o place_n where_o the_o contract_n be_v make_v or_o write_v so_o ulpian_n a_o famous_a roman_a lawyer_n say_v mulier_fw-la exigere_fw-la dotem_fw-la illic_fw-la debet_fw-la judiciis_fw-la ubi_fw-la maritus_fw-la â—omicilium_fw-la habet_fw-la non_fw-la ubi_fw-la instrumentum_fw-la dotale_fw-la conscriptum_fw-la est_fw-la nec_fw-la enim_fw-la id_fw-la genus_fw-la contractus_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la tam_fw-la eum_fw-la locum_fw-la spectari_fw-la oporteat_fw-la in_fw-la quo_fw-la instrumentum_fw-la dotis_fw-la actum_fw-la est_fw-la quam_fw-la locum_fw-la domicilii_fw-la in_fw-la quem_fw-la mulier_fw-la per_fw-la conditionem_fw-la matrimonii_fw-la reditura_fw-la erat_fw-la when_o a_o dowry_n be_v to_o be_v restore_v to_o a_o wife_n after_o her_o husband_n death_n or_o divorce_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v estimate_v according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o thing_n where_o the_o instrument_n or_o deed_n of_o the_o dowry_n be_v make_v but_o according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o dowry_n be_v to_o be_v make_v good_a that_o be_v the_o place_n where_o her_o husband_n live_v three_o for_o that_o if_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o a_o maritime_a contract_n be_v make_v or_o no_o it_o may_v be_v determine_v by_o a_o jury_n of_o the_o place_n but_o if_o the_o plea_n or_o suit_n be_v as_o most_o common_o it_o be_v whether_o the_o contract_n be_v perform_v or_o not_o perform_v it_o can_v be_v determine_v but_o upon_o proof_n make_v from_o the_o place_n of_o performance_n of_o which_o the_o vicinage_n to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o contract_n be_v make_v can_v take_v no_o notice_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v improbable_a that_o the_o statute_n shall_v intend_v that_o such_o suit_n shall_v be_v try_v discuss_v and_o determine_v only_o by_o the_o court_n and_o course_n of_o common_a law_n four_o the_o common_a law_n be_v not_o so_o strict_a but_o that_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o business_n it_o allow_v jurisdiction_n to_o other_o court_n for_o although_o promise_v and_o contract_n of_o money_n be_v general_o pleadable_a in_o the_o court_n of_o the_o common_a law_n matrimonium_fw-la yet_o as_o bracton_n write_v causae_fw-la de_fw-la rebus_fw-la promissis_fw-la ob_fw-la causam_fw-la matrimonii_fw-la in_fw-la foro_fw-la ecclesiastico_fw-la terminari_fw-la debent_fw-la quia_fw-la cujus_fw-la juris_fw-la id_fw-la &_o jurisdictionis_fw-la est_fw-la principale_v ejusdem_fw-la erit_fw-la accessorium_fw-la and_o in_o a_o other_o place_n he_o give_v a_o reason_n for_o the_o same_o quia_fw-la semper_fw-la videndum_fw-la propter_fw-la quid_fw-la aliquid_fw-la sit_fw-la vel_fw-la promittatur_fw-la and_o again_o although_o suit_n touch_v tenor_n and_o service_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o court_n of_o common_a law_n 136._o yet_o littleton_n show_v that_o if_o tenant_n in_o frank_n almain_n fail_v to_o perform_v divine_a service_n the_o lord_n may_v complain_v thereof_o to_o the_o ordinary_a and_o sir_n edw._n cook_n in_o his_o comment_n thereupon_o observe_v that_o the_o law_n do_v appoint_v every_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v by_o those_o to_o who_o office_n it_o proper_o appertain_v and_o so_o say_v he_o the_o lord_n have_v remedy_n for_o his_o divine_a service_n albeit_o it_o issue_v out_o of_o temporal_a land_n in_o foro_fw-la ecclesiastico_fw-la by_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n and_o certain_o if_o what_o construction_n be_v make_v of_o the_o law_n be_v make_v of_o this_o statute_n it_o will_v be_v more_o easy_o admit_v that_o a_o maritime_a contract_n although_o make_v or_o write_v within_o the_o county_n shall_v be_v try_v before_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n who_o office_n it_o be_v to_o determine_v maritime_a cause_n three_o for_o the_o better_a discern_v of_o the_o meaning_n of_o this_o statute_n it_o be_v offer_v to_o consideration_n what_o have_v be_v the_o sense_n of_o parliament_n in_o precede_v and_o subsequent_a statute_n as_o first_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o staple_n make_v in_o the_o 27_o of_o edw._n the_o 3._o in_o 3_o chap._n where_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o mayor_n and_o constable_n of_o the_o staple_n shall_v have_v jurisdiction_n and_o conusance_n within_o the_o town_n where_o the_o staple_n shall_v be_v of_o all_o manner_n of_o thing_n touch_v the_o staple_n which_o shall_v be_v rule_v by_o the_o law_n merchant_n and_o not_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n nor_o by_o the_o usage_n of_o city_n burrough_n or_o other_o town_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o all_o manner_n of_o contract_n and_o covenant_n make_v betwixt_o merchant_n and_o merchant_n or_o other_o where_o one_o party_n be_v a_o merchant_n whether_o the_o contract_n be_v make_v within_o the_o staple_n or_o without_o the_o plaintiff_n may_v sue_v his_o action_n or_o quarrel_n before_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o staple_n by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o staple_n unless_o he_o make_v choice_a to_o sue_v in_o some_o other_o place_n of_o the_o common_a law_n from_o which_o may_v be_v observe_v first_o that_o the_o merchant_n business_n by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v hold_v fit_a to_o be_v regulate_v by_o a_o special_a law_n viz._n the_o law-merchant_n than_o by_o the_o common_a law_n or_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n second_o that_o where_o contract_n or_o covenant_n do_v concern_v merchandise_n or_o matter_n belong_v to_o the_o staple_n it_o be_v not_o think_v considerable_a to_o point_v of_o jurisdiction_n whether_o the_o contract_n or_o covenant_n be_v make_v within_o or_o without_o the_o precinct_n of_o the_o staple_n the_o susequent_a statute_n be_v that_o of_o the_o 32_o of_o hen._n 8._o chap._n 14._o which_o declare_v that_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n may_v hold_v plea_n of_o charter-party_n and_o that_o of_o the_o 43_o of_o elizabeth_n chap._n 12._o which_o hinder_v the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n from_o meddle_v with_o policy_n of_o assurance_n which_o two_o thing_n be_v the_o main_a matter_n endeavour_v to_o be_v maintain_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 15_o of_o rich._n the_o 2._o to_o belong_v to_o the_o conusance_n of_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n because_o they_o be_v usual_o make_v at_o land_n within_o the_o body_n of_o county_n the_o statute_n of_o the_o 32_o of_o hen._n 8._o ch._n 14._o prohibit_v the_o employment_n of_o foreign_a ship_n ordain_v concern_v the_o ship_n of_o this_o kingdom_n that_o the_o owner_n or_o master_n make_v their_o departure_n from_o the_o port_n of_o london_n after_o the_o freight_a or_o lade_n of_o the_o ship_n as_o soon_o as_o wind_n and_o weather_n will_v serve_v according_a to_o the_o charter-party_n make_v betwixt_o the_o owner_n or_o master_n and_o the_o merchant_n without_o protract_v of_o time_n and_o also_o that_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o to_o his_o power_n shall_v see_v and_o provide_v that_o all_o ware_n and_o merchandise_n which_o shall_v be_v by_o the_o say_a merchant_n and_o their_o servant_n bring_v into_o any_o ship_n or_o vessel_n shall_v be_v honest_o and_o in_o good_a order_n save_v and_o keep_v provide_v
the_o admiralty_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n it_o be_v further_a confirm_v by_o a_o manuscript_n copy_n of_o the_o statute_n in_o french_a in_o the_o library_n of_o merton_n college_n in_o oxford_n in_o which_o be_v these_o word_n niene_fw-fr meyn_n de_fw-fr mort_fw-fr de_fw-fr omme_fw-fr &_o the_o mayheme_n engross_v neif_n estant_n &_o oâ—erantâ—s_n a_o my_o le_fw-fr haut_fw-fr fio_fw-mi des_fw-fr gross_v reviers_fw-mi tant_fw-fr seculament_n par-avali_a des_fw-fr pount_n des_fw-fr mesme_n les_fw-fr riviers_fw-mi &_o l'n_a admiral_n coâ—usance_fw-fr the_o second_o statute_n that_o may_v be_v apply_v to_o this_o purpose_n be_v that_o of_o 5_o elizabeth_n chap._n 5._o which_o relate_v to_o divers_a thing_n make_v offence_n by_o that_o statute_n ordain_v that_o all_o and_o every_o of_o the_o say_a offence_n do_v on_o the_o main_a sea_n or_o coast_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o body_n of_o any_o county_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o without_o the_o precinct_n liberty_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n and_o out_o of_o any_o haven_n or_o pier_n shall_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o lord_n admiral_n touch_v this_o statute_n it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o end_n thereof_o be_v according_a to_o the_o title_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n and_o as_o for_o a_o mean_a to_o that_o end_n for_o the_o employ_v of_o english_a ship_v especial_o for_o the_o bring_n in_o of_o fish_n for_o which_o purpose_n it_o provide_v that_o wednesday_n shall_v be_v hold_v fish-day_n that_o none_o shall_v demand_v toll_n of_o fish_n bring_v in_o subject_n ship_n that_o no_o herring_n unsalted_a shall_v be_v buy_v out_o of_o stranger_n bottom_n beside_o that_o no_o ware_n shall_v be_v carry_v from_o port_n to_o to_o port_n and_o that_o no_o wine_n nor_o woad_n shall_v be_v bring_v in_o but_o in_o english_a ship_n of_o which_o business_n it_o may_v be_v more_o fit_a for_o the_o officer_n of_o corporate_a sea-town_n to_o inquire_v than_o for_o the_o admiral_n which_o the_o parliament_n understanding_n may_v without_o prejudice_n to_o his_o jurisdiction_n in_o other_o matter_n except_v from_o he_o touch_v offence_n of_o that_o kind_n the_o enquiry_n within_o havens_n and_o piers._fw-la beside_o whereas_o sir_n edw._n cook_n recite_v the_o word_n that_o all_o such_o offence_n shall_v be_v try_v before_o the_o admiral_n the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v before_o the_o lord_n admiral_n of_o england_n or_o his_o lieutenant_n or_o deputy_n or_o deputy_n and_o other_o justice_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n according_a to_o the_o form_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 28_o hen._n 8._o for_o cause_n of_o piracy_n so_o that_o it_o concern_v not_o the_o admiral_n in_o his_o ordinary_a capacity_n but_o as_o he_o be_v chief_a in_o that_o commission_n and_o whereas_o sir_n edw._n cook_n from_o this_o conclude_v that_o by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiral_n be_v whole_o confine_v to_o the_o sea_n and_o coast_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v no_o parcel_n of_o the_o county_n how_o strong_o soever_o he_o conceive_v it_o under_o favour_n it_o be_v no_o good_a argument_n to_o infer_v from_o these_o new_a create_a offence_n of_o which_o he_o be_v to_o inquire_v in_o a_o extraordinary_a way_n that_o he_o have_v no_o jurisdiction_n in_o other_o matter_n which_o do_v former_o belong_v unto_o he_o especial_o touch_v navigable_a river_n of_o which_o in_o this_o statute_n there_o be_v no_o mention_n nor_o exception_n moreover_o whereas_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o parliament_n in_o this_o statute_n be_v so_o confident_o urge_v for_o the_o limit_v of_o the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n it_o be_v deâ—â—red_v that_o to_o the_o point_n in_o question_n two_o other_o statute_n the_o one_o long_a subsequent_a to_o that_o of_o rich._n 2._o the_o other_o not_o long_o precede_v that_o of_o the_o 5_o of_o queen_n elizabeth_n may_v be_v take_v into_o consideration_n the_o first_o be_v that_o of_o 28_o hen._n 8._o chap._n 15._o concern_v the_o trial_n of_o piracy_n and_o other_o crime_n commit_v within_o the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n wherein_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o all_o treason_n felony_n murder_n robbery_n confederacy_n commit_v in_o or_o upon_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o any_o other_o haven_n creek_n or_o place_n where_o the_o admiral_n or_o admiral_n have_v or_o pretend_v to_o have_v jurisdiction_n shall_v be_v inquire_v try_v hear_v or_o adjudge_v by_o the_o admiral_n and_o other_o appoint_v by_o the_o king_n commission_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n in_o such_o shire_n and_o place_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o shall_v be_v limit_v in_o the_o commission_n as_o if_o any_o such_o offence_n have_v be_v commit_v upon_o the_o land_n etc._n etc._n the_o end_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v that_o whereas_o piracy_n and_o other_o offence_n commit_v within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n be_v former_o try_v according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o offender_n can_v be_v convict_v only_o by_o confession_n of_o the_o party_n and_o proof_n by_o witness_n to_o reduce_v the_o trial_n of_o the_o same_o to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n by_o a_o jury_n of_o twelve_o man_n by_o which_o statute_n although_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o trial_n of_o offence_n be_v alter_v yet_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n be_v allow_v to_o extend_v not_o only_o to_o the_o sea_n but_o to_o havens_n creek_n and_o place_n where_o the_o admiral_n or_o admiral_n have_v or_o pretend_v to_o have_v jurisdiction_n and_o in_o the_o commission_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n ground_v on_o that_o statute_n the_o place_n of_o offence_n commit_v to_o be_v hear_v and_o determine_v before_o the_o admiral_n and_o other_o be_v thus_o describe_v tam_fw-la in_o aut_fw-la super_fw-la mari_fw-fr aut_fw-la aliquo_fw-la portu_fw-la rivo_fw-la aqua_fw-la dulci_fw-la creca_n seu_fw-la loco_fw-la quccunque_fw-la infra_fw-la fluxum_fw-la maris_fw-la ad_fw-la plenitudinem_fw-la a_o quibuscunque_fw-la primis_fw-la pontibus_fw-la versus_fw-la mare_fw-la quam_fw-la super_fw-la littus_fw-la maris_fw-la &_o alibi_fw-la ubicunque_fw-la infra_fw-la jurisdictionem_fw-la nostram_fw-la maritimam_fw-la aut_fw-la limit_n admiralitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la &_o dominiorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la by_o which_o word_n not_o only_a power_n be_v give_v to_o hear_v and_o determine_v offence_n in_o those_o place_n but_o it_o be_v likewise_o declare_v that_o those_o place_n do_v belong_v to_o his_o majesty_n maritime_a jurisdiction_n and_o of_o his_o admiralty_n the_o second_o statute_n be_v that_o of_o the_o first_o of_o elizabeth_n chap._n 17._o make_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o spawn_n and_o fry_n of_o fish_n and_o the_o remedy_n thereof_o be_v provide_v it_o be_v ordain_v that_o the_o lord_n admiral_n of_o england_n and_o the_o lord_n mayor_n of_o london_n for_o the_o time_n be_v and_o all_o and_o every_o other_o which_o lawful_o have_v or_o aught_o to_o have_v any_o conservation_n or_o preservation_n of_o any_o river_n stream_n or_o water_n shall_v have_v power_n to_o inquire_v according_a to_o that_o act_n which_o plain_o show_v that_o the_o parliament_n then_o conceive_v that_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n have_v power_n and_o jurisdiction_n to_o some_o purpose_n in_o river_n and_o stream_n salt_n and_o fresh_a otherwise_o he_o have_v not_o be_v name_v in_o the_o first_o place_n among_o those_o who_o have_v right_a of_o conservation_n of_o the_o same_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n as_o to_o public_a offence_n and_o cause_n criminal_a since_o the_o statute_n of_o 15_o rich._n 2._o have_v be_v so_o well_o settle_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 28_o hen._n 8._o that_o there_o can_v be_v little_a occasion_n of_o difference_n touch_v those_o matter_n betwixt_o the_o court_n of_o the_o common_a law_n and_o the_o court_n of_o the_o admiralty_n yet_o sir_n edw._n cook_n have_v unnecessary_o collect_v many_o other_o legal_a authority_n which_o may_v be_v apply_v to_o maintain_v that_o by_o the_o common_a law_n the_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n do_v not_o extend_v to_o port_n and_o navigable_a river_n it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o examine_v the_o ground_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o chief_a of_o they_o which_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o two_o head_n first_o such_o as_o show_v that_o havens_n and_o navigable_a river_n be_v within_o the_o body_n of_o county_n and_o that_o the_o common_a law_n have_v hold_v plea_n of_o thing_n do_v in_o they_o second_o that_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n have_v punish_v such_o as_o have_v sue_v in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n for_o thing_n do_v in_o port_n and_o navigable_a river_n touch_v the_o first_o these_o authority_n may_v be_v intend_v first_o that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n the_o first_o a_o replevin_n be_v bring_v for_o the_o take_n of_o a_o ship_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o scarborough_n in_o the_o sea_n and_o carry_v she_o into_o the_o county_n of_o n._n the_o
forth_o that_o the_o agreement_n make_v in_o anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1575._o between_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n and_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n for_o the_o more_o quiet_a and_o certain_a execution_n of_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n be_v not_o observe_v to_o which_o sir_n edward_n cook_n answer_v that_o that_o suppose_a agreement_n have_v not_o be_v deliver_v unto_o they_o but_o have_v hear_v the_o same_o read_v before_o his_o majesty_n out_o of_o a_o paper_n not_o subscribe_v with_o the_o hand_n of_o any_o judge_n they_o answer_v that_o for_o so_o much_o thereof_o as_o differ_v from_o their_o present_a answer_n it_o be_v against_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o therefore_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n never_o assent_v thereunto_o as_o it_o be_v pretend_v neither_o do_v the_o phrase_n thereof_o agree_v with_o the_o term_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n it_o be_v not_o probable_a that_o dr._n dunn_n then_o judge_v of_o the_o admiralty_n will_v have_v produce_v such_o a_o agreement_n to_o the_o judge_n before_o the_o king_n but_o that_o he_o have_v some_o ground_n for_o the_o same_o which_o be_v suppose_v it_o may_v as_o well_o infer_v that_o those_o concession_n be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o realm_n because_o those_o judge_n do_v assent_v unto_o they_o as_o that_o they_o do_v not_o assent_v because_o they_o be_v not_o agreeable_a to_o the_o same_o and_o it_o may_v as_o well_o be_v doubt_v whether_o those_o thing_n wherein_o those_o answer_n at_o that_o time_n do_v differ_v from_o the_o resolution_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n in_o the_o 8._o of_o king_n charles_n carol._n be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o it_o be_v confident_o affirm_v that_o wherein_o those_o concession_n do_v differ_v from_o those_o answer_n be_v against_o the_o same_o wherein_o the_o phrase_n of_o the_o request_n and_o answer_n be_v not_o agreeable_a to_o the_o term_n of_o the_o common_a law_n be_v not_o so_o much_o considerable_a as_o how_o the_o matter_n therein_o contain_v may_v consist_v both_o with_o law_n and_o equity_n and_o to_o that_o end_n it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o recite_v they_o as_o they_o be_v extant_a in_o several_a manuscript_n in_o which_o be_v collect_v thing_n of_o those_o time_n remarkable_a both_o concern_v the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n and_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n as_o follow_v 12._o of_o may_n 1575._o admiralty_n the_o request_n of_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n to_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o her_o majesty_n bench_n and_o his_o colleague_n with_o their_o answer_n to_o the_o same_o that_o after_o judgement_n or_o sentence_n give_v in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n in_o any_o cause_n or_o appeal_v make_v from_o the_o same_o to_o the_o high_a court_n of_o chancery_n request_n it_o may_v please_v they_o to_o forbear_v the_o grant_n of_o any_o writ_n of_o prohibition_n either_o to_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o say_a court_n or_o to_o her_o majesty_n delegate_n at_o the_o suit_n of_o he_o by_o who_o such_o appeal_n shall_v be_v make_v see_v by_o choice_n of_o remedy_n in_o that_o way_n in_o reason_n he_o ought_v to_o be_v content_v therewith_o and_o not_o to_o be_v relieve_v any_o other_o way_n answer_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n and_o his_o colleague_n that_o after_o sentence_n give_v in_o the_o delegate_n no_o prohibition_n shall_v be_v grant_v and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o sentence_n if_o a_o prohibition_n be_v not_o sue_v for_o within_o the_o next_o term_n follow_v sentence_n in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n or_o within_o two_o term_n after_o at_o the_o far_a no_o prohibition_n shall_v pass_v to_o the_o delegate_n that_o prohibition_n hereafter_o be_v not_o grant_v upon_o bare_a suggestion_n or_o surmise_n request_n without_o summary_n examination_n and_o proof_n make_v thereof_o wherein_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a to_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n and_o the_o party_n defendant_n to_o have_v counsel_n and_o to_o plead_v for_o the_o stay_n thereof_o if_o there_o shall_v appear_v cause_n they_o have_v agree_v that_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n answer_n and_o the_o party_n defendant_n shall_v have_v counsel_n in_o court_n and_o to_o plead_v to_o stay_v if_o there_o may_v appear_v evident_a cause_n that_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n according_a to_o such_o a_o ancient_a order_n request_n as_o have_v be_v take_v by_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o and_o his_o council_n and_o according_a to_o the_o letter_n patent_n of_o the_o lord_n admiral_n for_o the_o time_n be_v and_o allow_v by_o other_o king_n of_o the_o land_n ever_o since_o and_o by_o custom_n time_n out_o of_o memory_n of_o man_n may_v have_v and_o enjoy_v cognition_n of_o all_o contract_n and_o other_o thing_n rise_v as_o well_o beyond_o as_o upon_o the_o sea_n without_o let_v or_o prohibition_n this_o be_v agree_v upon_o by_o the_o say_a lord_n chief_a justice_n answer_n and_o his_o colleague_n that_o the_o say_a judge_n may_v have_v and_o request_n enjoy_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o breach_n of_o charter-party_n make_v betwixt_o master_n of_o ship_n and_o merchant_n for_o voyage_n to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o to_o be_v perform_v upon_o and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n according_a as_o it_o have_v be_v accustom_a time_n out_o of_o mind_n and_o according_a to_o the_o goodâ—_n meaning_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o 32._o of_o henry_n 8._o chap._n 14._o though_o the_o same_o charter-party_n be_v make_v within_o the_o realm_n answer_n this_o be_v likewise_o agree_v upon_o for_o thing_n to_o be_v perform_v either_o upon_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n though_o the_o charter-party_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o land_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 32._o hen._n 8._o cap._n 14._o request_n that_o writ_n of_o corpus_fw-la cum_fw-la causa_fw-la be_v not_o direct_v to_o the_o say_a judge_n in_o cause_n of_o the_o nature_n aforesaid_a and_o if_o any_o happen_v to_o be_v direct_v that_o it_o may_v please_v they_o to_o accept_v of_o the_o return_v thereof_o with_o the_o cause_n and_o not_o the_o body_n as_o it_o have_v always_o be_v accustom_v answer_n if_o any_o writ_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v direct_v in_o the_o cause_n before_o specify_v they_o be_v content_a to_o return_v the_o body_n again_o to_o the_o lord_n admiral_n gaol_n upon_o certificate_n of_o the_o cause_n to_o be_v such_o or_o if_o it_o be_v for_o contempt_n or_o disobedience_n to_o the_o court_n in_o any_o such_o cause_n touch_v the_o resolution_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n 8._o caroli_n it_o may_v be_v consider_v that_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o king_n majesty_n and_o twenty_o three_o lord_n and_o other_o of_o his_o majesty_n council_n they_o be_v subscribe_v unto_o by_o all_o the_o judge_n viz._n thomas_n richardson_n robert_n heath_n humphrey_n dawenport_n john_n denham_n richard_n hutton_n william_n jones_n george_n crook_n thomas_n trevor_n james_n weston_n robert_n barkley_n francis_n crawly_n and_o also_o by_o henry_n martin_n judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n and_o william_n noy_n the_o attorney_n general_a and_o the_o transcript_n thereof_o be_v order_v to_o be_v enter_v in_o the_o register_n of_o the_o council_n cause_n and_o the_o original_a to_o remain_v in_o the_o council_n chest_n 18._o feb._n 1632._o sir_n edward_n cook_n concern_v the_o answer_n and_o resolution_n of_o the_o judge_n to_o those_o thing_n which_o he_o call_v articuli_fw-la cleri_fw-la 3_o jacob_n say_v that_o although_o they_o be_v not_o enact_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o parliament_n as_o the_o statute_n of_o articuli_fw-la cleri_fw-la in_o the_o 9_o of_o edwaâ—â—_n 2._o be_v yet_o be_v resolve_v unanimous_o by_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o england_n and_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n they_o be_v for_o matter_n of_o law_n of_o high_a authority_n next_o unto_o the_o court_n of_o parliament_n and_o it_o may_v be_v think_v that_o these_o resolution_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n touch_v the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n aught_o to_o be_v of_o no_o low_a esteem_n the_o rather_o for_o that_o the_o unanimity_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n to_o the_o former_a must_v be_v take_v upon_o the_o credit_n alone_o of_o sir_n edward_n cook_n but_o as_o to_o the_o latter_a the_o evidence_n thereof_o do_v appear_v by_o the_o joint_a subscription_n of_o all_o before_o name_v which_o be_v likewise_o attest_v by_o sir_n george_n crook_n who_o be_v one_o of_o they_o who_o in_o his_o report_n of_o hillary_n term_v 8_o caroli_n under_o the_o title_n of_o resolution_n upon_o cause_n of_o admiral_n jurisdiction_n write_v that_o it_o be_v agree_v as_o follow_v first_o if_o suit_n shall_v be_v commence_v in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n for_o contract_n or_o other_o thing_n personal_o do_v beyond_o the_o sea_n no_o prohibition_n be_v to_o be_v