the_o wood_n but_o the_o remote_a matter_n be_v the_o four_o element_n the_o next_o form_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v that_o which_o we_o call_v specifical_a but_o the_o remote_a form_n be_v those_o of_o the_o next_o or_o of_o the_o remote_a genus_fw-la so_o the_o next_o form_n of_o a_o man_n be_v to_o be_v reasonable_a but_o to_o have_v sense_n be_v the_o form_n of_o a_o live_a creature_n which_o be_v the_o genus_fw-la of_o man_n and_o by_o consequent_a also_o be_v the_o form_n of_o man_n but_o remote_a moreover_o there_o be_v cause_n sufficient_a cause_n sufficient_a or_o not_o sufficient_a which_o be_v sufficient_a of_o themselves_o to_o produce_v a_o effect_n as_o the_o sun_n be_v of_o itself_o sufficient_a to_o give_v light_n and_o fire_n to_o burn_v and_o the_o favour_n of_o god_n to_o make_v a_o man_n happy_a but_o there_o be_v some_o cause_n which_o be_v not_o of_o themselves_o sufficient_a &_o must_v have_v many_o together_o as_o to_o make_v a_o fertile_a soil_n the_o ground_n must_v be_v lusty_a it_o must_v be_v well_o till_v rain_n must_v moisten_v it_o and_o the_o sun_n must_v heat_v it_o in_o due_a season_n and_o moderate_o to_o attain_v unto_o learning_n a_o man_n must_v have_v a_o good_a wit_n good_a instruction_n and_o be_v diligent_a and_o painful_a so_o divers_a thing_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o victory_n experience_n in_o the_o general_n valour_n in_o the_o soldier_n military_a discipline_n necessary_a weapon_n etc._n etc._n but_o above_o all_o the_o will_n of_o god_n now_o to_o argue_v from_o the_o cause_n and_o effect_n these_o maxim_n maxim_n maxim_n be_v of_o use_n 1._o that_o which_o agree_v with_o the_o matter_n agree_v also_o probable_o with_o the_o thing_n compose_v of_o that_o matter_n as_o the_o earth_n be_v heavy_a and_o therefore_o terrestrial_a body_n be_v heavy_a this_o maxim_n be_v sometime_o faulty_a for_o example_n ice_n be_v hard_a yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o matter_n of_o it_o be_v soft_a and_o liquid_a namely_o water_n 2._o where_o the_o matter_n be_v want_v there_o also_o the_o thing_n compose_v be_v want_v as_o where_o there_o be_v no_o iron_n a_o sword_n can_v be_v make_v 3._o the_o next_o efficient_a and_o necessary_a cause_n be_v grant_v or_o deny_v the_o effect_n also_o must_v be_v grant_v or_o deny_v as_o if_o the_o sun_n shine_v it_o be_v day_n if_o it_o shine_v nor_o it_o be_v not_o day_n and_o this_o effect_n be_v grant_v the_o efficient_a cause_n be_v also_o grant_v 4._o when_o divers_a cause_n be_v necessary_o requisite_a to_o produce_v a_o effect_n one_o of_o the_o same_o cause_n be_v want_v the_o effect_n also_o be_v want_v 5._o such_o as_o be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n such_o common_o be_v the_o effect_n as_o of_o wicked_a father_n come_v wicked_a son_n and_o strong_a thing_n beget_v strong_a thing_n and_o moores_n have_v black_a son_n this_o maxim_n be_v often_o false_a especial_o in_o remote_a and_o universal_a cause_n as_o the_o sun_n grow_v not_o and_o yet_o it_o cause_v plant_n to_o grow_v it_o have_v no_o scent_n and_o yet_o cause_v flower_n to_o smell_v sweet_a and_o carrion_n to_o stink_n and_o god_n move_v all_o but_o yet_o be_v immoovable_a also_o in_o cause_n which_o act_n by_o accident_n as_o a_o whetstoâ—e_n be_v not_o sharp_a yet_o cause_v sharpness_n the_o sun_n be_v not_o hot_a yet_o warm_v by_o accident_n in_o clear_v and_o purify_n the_o air_n by_o the_o reflection_n of_o his_o beam_n 6._o if_o the_o self_n same_o quality_n be_v attribute_v unto_o the_o agent_n and_o unto_o the_o patient_a it_o must_v much_o more_o be_v attribute_v unto_o the_o agent_n as_o the_o hand_n be_v warm_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o fire_n which_o act_v upon_o it_o therefore_o the_o fire_n be_v hot_a than_o the_o hand_n and_o the_o sun_n cause_v the_o water_n to_o shine_v therefore_o it_o be_v bright_a than_o the_o water_n this_o maxim_n be_v false_a in_o the_o four_o species_n of_o quality_n namely_o in_o the_o form_n and_o figure_n because_o this_o quality_n receive_v neither_o more_o nor_o less_o as_o if_o the_o seal_n be_v round_o it_o follow_v not_o that_o the_o figure_n print_v in_o the_o wax_n be_v less_o round_o than_o the_o seal_n 7._o the_o end_n be_v grant_v those_o mean_n also_o without_o which_o the_o end_n can_v be_v attain_v unto_o be_v likewise_o grant_v as_o if_o you_o grant_v that_o a_o man_n live_v you_o grant_v also_o that_o he_o eat_v drink_v and_o breath_n and_o happiness_n be_v grant_v virtue_n and_o the_o favour_n of_o god_n be_v likewise_o grant_v 8._o the_o mean_n to_o attain_v unto_o the_o end_n be_v grant_v it_o follow_v not_o that_o the_o end_n must_v therefore_o always_o be_v grant_v for_o it_o be_v no_o good_a reason_n to_o say_v philip_n have_v book_n therefore_o he_o be_v learned_a he_o have_v horse_n and_o weapon_n therefore_o he_o shall_v obtain_v the_o victory_n so_o also_o the_o end_n be_v take_v away_o the_o mean_n be_v not_o always_o therefore_o take_v away_o for_o many_o though_o they_o have_v the_o mean_n in_o their_o hand_n never_o attain_v unto_o the_o end_n 9_o cause_n by_o chance_n or_o hazard_n be_v not_o fit_a to_o argue_v withal_o 10._o if_o necessary_a effect_n be_v take_v away_o the_o cause_n also_o be_v take_v away_o i_o say_v necessary_a for_o there_o be_v some_o cause_n which_o act_n not_o necessary_o and_o which_o do_v not_o always_o produce_v their_o effect_n as_o sickness_n bring_v not_o always_o death_n 11._o cause_n be_v more_o excellent_a than_o their_o effect_n unless_o the_o effect_n be_v a_o final_a cause_n and_o therefore_o to_o see_v and_o hear_v be_v thing_n more_o excellent_a than_o the_o faculty_n of_o see_v and_o hear_v because_o those_o faculty_n be_v ordain_v only_o for_o these_o effect_n namely_o to_o see_v and_o to_o hear_v 12._o the_o cause_n ever_o go_v before_o their_o effect_n in_o the_o order_n of_o nature_n but_o not_o always_o in_o time_n thus_o the_o sunbeam_n be_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o flame_n be_v never_o without_o clearness_n or_o brightness_n the_o table_n of_o cause_n cause_n be_v internal_a matter_n of_o generation_n composition_n form_n natural_a artificial_a externall_n efficient_a proper_o improper_o as_o the_o cause_n meritorious_a instrumental_a natural_a artificial_a final_a all_o cause_n be_v either_o 1._o next_o or_o remote_a 2._o by_o themselves_o or_o by_o accident_n 3._o sufficient_a or_o insufficient_a the_o twelve_o chapter_n of_o etymology_n etymology_n be_v the_o derivation_n of_o a_o word_n etymology_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o word_n be_v as_o a_o definition_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o serve_v to_o argue_v and_o discourse_v as_o when_o we_o say_v such_o a_o one_o be_v not_o a_o counsellor_n because_o he_o give_v no_o counsel_n and_o philip_n can_v be_v call_v a_o philosopher_n because_o he_o love_v not_o wisdom_n thus_o by_o the_o etymology_n of_o these_o name_n jesus_n and_o christ_n we_o gather_v what_o our_o saviour_n calling_n and_o office_n be_v and_o we_o encourage_v such_o as_o have_v a_o name_n import_v some_o virtue_n in_o stir_v they_o up_o to_o virtue_n by_o the_o etymology_n of_o their_o name_n so_o eusebius_n and_o pius_n may_v be_v exhort_v to_o piety_n and_o andrew_n to_o valour_n and_o celestinus_fw-la to_o give_v himself_o to_o heavenly_a thing_n lest_o they_o belie_v their_o name_n by_o a_o contrary_a conversation_n and_o so_o one_o gather_v probable_o that_o all_o thing_n in_o time_n past_a be_v common_a the_o robe_n except_v because_o when_o a_o theft_n be_v commit_v we_o use_v to_o say_v such_o a_o one_o have_v be_v rob_v and_o that_o the_o first_o war_n be_v against_o beast_n because_o the_o latin_a word_n bellum_n come_v from_o bellua_fw-la but_o these_o kind_n of_o proof_n be_v very_o weak_a because_o name_n be_v give_v unto_o man_n before_o it_o can_v be_v know_v whether_o they_o will_v be_v virtuous_a or_o no_o nay_o sometime_o name_n be_v give_v by_o contrary_n and_o by_o way_n of_o derision_n as_o when_o a_o dwarf_n be_v call_v a_o goliath_n good_a etymology_n in_o the_o english_a tongue_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n take_v from_o the_o latin_a but_o such_o as_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o english_a tongue_n be_v common_o absurd_a and_o ridiculous_a for_o example_n if_o a_o man_n shall_v say_v that_o the_o woman_n be_v the_o woe_n of_o the_o man_n and_o beer_n quasi_fw-la be_v here_o the_o thirteen_o chapter_n of_o thing_n alike_o or_o unlike_a those_o thing_n be_v call_v alike_o which_o have_v between_o they_o some_o analogy_n and_o correspondency_n or_o proportion_n the_o analogy_n be_v know_v by_o the_o end_n and_o use_v as_o the_o shepherd_n in_o regard_n of_o his_o flock_n and_o the_o pastor_n in_o regard_n of_o his_o church_n be_v thing_n alike_o there_o be_v certain_a thing_n
therefore_o it_o neigh_v not_o but_o such_o conclusion_n follow_v by_o chance_n and_o not_o by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o syllogism_n in_o these_o syllogism_n the_o assumption_n be_v part_n of_o the_o proposition_n which_o proposition_n make_v a_o entire_a syllogism_n and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o this_o word_n assumption_n be_v borrow_v from_o these_o syllogism_n because_o that_o in_o they_o the_o second_o proposition_n be_v take_v and_o assume_v out_o of_o the_o first_o the_o fourteen_o chapter_n of_o disiunctive_a syllogism_n disjunctive_a syllogism_n be_v such_o who_o proposition_n be_v compound_v of_o two_o disjunctive_a part_n or_o piece_n or_o which_o be_v separate_v by_o this_o particle_n or_o as_o it_o be_v day_n or_o night_n this_o number_n be_v even_o or_o odd_a as_o thus_o this_o man_n be_v dead_a or_o alive_a but_o he_o be_v dead_a therefore_o he_o be_v not_o alive_a or_o else_o thus_o but_o he_o be_v alive_a therefore_o he_o be_v not_o dead_a or_o thus_o but_o he_o be_v not_o alive_a therefore_o he_o be_v dead_a for_o those_o proposition_n be_v compound_v of_o such_o part_n the_o one_o whereof_o can_v be_v grant_v without_o overthrow_v the_o other_o nor_o can_v you_o overthrow_v the_o one_o without_o establish_v or_o grant_v the_o other_o and_o for_o this_o cause_n these_o two_o part_n must_v be_v immediate_o opposite_a so_o as_o there_o may_v be_v no_o three_o for_o example_n this_o argument_n be_v not_o good_a there_o be_v peace_n or_o war_n but_o there_o be_v no_o war_n therefore_o there_o be_v peace_n for_o there_o may_v be_v a_o truce_n in_o these_o syllogism_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o truth_n may_v be_v evident_a and_o without_o exception_n the_o two_o part_n of_o the_o proposition_n must_v not_o be_v contradictory_n but_o must_v be_v either_o contrary_n or_o privative_n or_o relative_n for_o example_n if_o i_o argue_v thus_o this_o line_n be_v straight_o or_o crooked_a but_o it_o be_v straight_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o crooked_a this_o argument_n be_v clear_a and_o certain_a but_o if_o i_o argue_v thus_o philip_n be_v wise_a or_o unwise_a but_o he_o be_v unwise_a from_o thence_o we_o can_v draw_v no_o conclusion_n that_o may_v have_v any_o likelihood_n of_o reason_n ¶_o the_o five_o book_n of_o the_o masterpiece_n of_o logic_n call_v demonsration_n the_o first_o chapter_n what_o science_n be_v this_o word_n science_n be_v sometime_o take_v for_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o one_o kind_n of_o learning_n thus_o ethic_n physics_n metaphysic_n civil_a law_n be_v call_v science_n sometime_o the_o word_n science_n signify_v only_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o conclusion_n prove_v by_o demonstration_n and_o this_o be_v it_o whereof_o we_o purpose_v to_o treat_v of_o in_o this_o place_n which_o be_v thus_o define_v science_n be_v a_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o a_o thing_n certain_a who_o proof_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o cause_n to_o have_v the_o science_n of_o a_o thing_n two_o certainty_n be_v require_v the_o one_o be_v that_o the_o thing_n be_v certain_a of_o itself_o and_o unchangeable_a the_o second_o be_v that_o the_o persuasion_n which_o we_o have_v of_o it_o be_v firm_a and_o clear_a if_o either_o of_o these_o two_o certainty_n be_v want_v it_o be_v no_o science_n but_o opinion_n for_o a_o man_n may_v have_v a_o doubtful_a opinion_n of_o a_o thing_n certain_a as_o he_o that_o doubt_v whether_o there_o be_v a_o god_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a a_o man_n may_v have_v a_o firm_a and_o steadfast_a persuasion_n of_o that_o which_o be_v uncertain_a and_o false_a as_o those_o that_o suffer_v death_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o a_o false_a religion_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o know_v the_o difference_n between_o science_n faith_n and_o opinion_n science_n be_v a_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o a_o certain_a thing_n by_o the_o next_o cause_n opinion_n be_v a_o doubtful_a or_o false_a knowledge_n faith_n be_v a_o firm_a persuasion_n ground_v upon_o the_o testimony_n of_o some_o other_o if_o a_o man_n know_v certain_o a_o thing_n because_o he_o see_v it_o or_o touch_v it_o that_o be_v neither_o call_v science_n nor_o faith_n nor_o opinion_n but_o sense_n which_o know_v only_a thing_n singular_a but_o science_n be_v of_o thing_n universal_a the_o second_o chapter_n what_o a_o demonstration_n or_o demonstrative_a syllogism_n be_v a_o demonstrative_a syllogism_n be_v that_o which_o give_v or_o bring_v certain_a knowledge_n of_o the_o conclusion_n if_o we_o will_v define_v it_o more_o exact_o we_o must_v define_v it_o thus_o a_o demonstrative_a syllogism_n be_v that_o which_o proove_v that_o the_o attribute_n of_o the_o conclusion_n be_v true_o attribute_v unto_o the_o subject_n by_o a_o mean_a that_o must_v be_v the_o next_o efficient_a or_o final_a cause_n of_o the_o attribute_n of_o the_o say_a conclusion_n these_o two_o sort_n of_o cause_n be_v call_v external_a in_o the_o chapter_n of_o cause_n above_o mention_v because_o they_o be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o effect_n nor_o of_o the_o thing_n compound_v though_o sometime_o the_o efficient_a cause_n be_v in_o the_o very_a same_o subject_n as_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o sense_n in_o man_n and_o the_o thickness_n of_o gold_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o it_o in_o these_o example_n the_o efficient_a cause_n and_o the_o effect_n be_v in_o the_o same_o subject_n the_o three_o chapter_n what_o question_n be_v demonstrable_a such_o question_n wherein_o the_o attribute_n be_v a_o substance_n can_v be_v prove_v by_o demonstration_n because_o substance_n have_v no_o certain_a efficient_a cause_n proper_a unto_o they_o for_o the_o will_n of_o god_n be_v a_o universal_a cause_n common_a to_o all_o thing_n and_o by_o consequent_a it_o can_v be_v no_o mean_a in_o a_o demonstrative_a syllogism_n again_o such_o question_n or_o conclusion_n wherein_o the_o attribute_n be_v a_o mutable_a or_o casual_a accident_n can_v be_v prove_v by_o demonstration_n because_o these_o accident_n have_v no_o certain_a and_o assure_a cause_n as_o philip_n be_v rich_a bucephalus_n halt_v but_o those_o question_n be_v demonstrable_a who_o attribute_n be_v a_o proper_a and_o immutable_a accident_n whereof_o the_o next_o efficient_a or_o final_a cause_n may_v be_v give_v for_o example_n these_o question_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o demonstration_n a_o transparent_a body_n be_v without_o colour_n eunuch_n be_v never_o bald_a fix_a star_n do_v twinkle_n the_o moon_n suffer_v obscurity_n of_o all_o estate_n oligarchie_n be_v the_o most_o subject_a to_o civil_a war_n line_n parallel_v never_o meet_v all_o body_n compound_v of_o element_n be_v corruptible_a under_o the_o scorch_a zone_n it_o be_v very_o hot_a for_o the_o next_o efficient_a or_o final_a cause_n of_o the_o attribute_n of_o these_o question_n may_v be_v give_v the_o four_o chapter_n what_o the_o proposition_n of_o a_o demonstrative_a syllogism_n ought_v to_o be_v the_o demonstration_n must_v consist_v of_o necessary_a proposition_n among_o which_o those_o be_v the_o most_o necessary_a which_o be_v call_v immediate_a there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o immediate_a proposition_n that_o be_v to_o say_v such_o as_o be_v without_o any_o middle_n for_o some_o be_v immediate_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o subject_n and_o other_o be_v immediate_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o cause_n immediate_a proposition_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o subject_n be_v when_o the_o attribute_n agree_v next_o of_o all_o and_o immediate_o to_o the_o subject_n so_o as_o a_o near_a subject_n can_v be_v give_v in_o such_o proposition_n the_o attribute_n agree_v with_o the_o subject_n because_o it_o be_v such_o a_o subject_n for_o example_n if_o i_o say_v that_o a_o horse_n have_v sense_n this_o attribute_n agree_v not_o next_o and_o immediate_o to_o a_o horse_n for_o there_o be_v a_o near_a subject_n namely_o a_o animal_n unto_o the_o which_o sense_n belong_v but_o if_o i_o say_v that_o a_o horse_n neigh_v this_o agree_v next_o and_o immediate_o to_o a_o horse_n as_o he_o be_v a_o horse_n and_o not_o by_o reason_n of_o any_o other_o near_a subject_n immediate_a proposition_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v when_o a_o attribute_n be_v so_o near_o join_v to_o the_o subject_n as_o that_o the_o cause_n or_o reason_n can_v be_v yield_v why_o it_o shall_v be_v so_o for_o example_n here_o be_v a_o demonstration_n whatsoever_o have_v a_o sensitive_a soul_n have_v touch_v every_o animal_n have_v a_o sensitive_a soul_n therefore_o every_o animal_n have_v touch_v in_o this_o syllogism_n the_o conclusion_n be_v immediate_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o subject_n but_o not_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o cause_n for_o in_o this_o syllogism_n the_o mean_a be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o conclusion_n but_o the_o two_o proposition_n be_v immediate_a both_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o cause_n as_o also_o of_o the_o subject_n for_o nothing_o can_v be_v allege_v as_o a_o cause_n of_o
salt_n be_v say_v of_o the_o whole_a sea_n and_o of_o every_o part_n of_o it_o but_o to_o encompass_v the_o earth_n be_v attribute_v only_o to_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o be_v a_o whole_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o attribute_v to_o any_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o table_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o part_n the_o whole_a be_v compose_v of_o part_n formal_a material_a which_o be_v among_o themselves_o alike_o unlike_a integrall_n not_o integrall_a necessary_a for_o be_v well-being_n not_o necessary_a the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o definition_n definition_n be_v a_o speech_n which_o express_v the_o essence_n of_o the_o thing_n the_o perfect_a definition_n of_o a_o substance_n be_v that_o which_o be_v compound_v of_o the_o next_o genus_fw-la and_o the_o specifical_a difference_n as_o the_o definition_n of_o a_o plant_n be_v to_o be_v a_o body_n live_v a_o vegetative_a life_n of_o man_n to_o be_v a_o reasonable_a creature_n there_o be_v but_o few_o such_o definition_n because_o the_o form_n and_o essential_a difference_n of_o substance_n be_v not_o so_o well_o know_v unto_o us._n god_n only_o who_o make_v they_o do_v exact_o know_v they_o the_o perfect_a definition_n of_o a_o accident_n be_v compound_v of_o three_o part_n namely_o of_o the_o next_o genus_fw-la of_o the_o proper_a subject_n and_o of_o the_o next_o efficient_a or_o final_a cause_n as_o for_o example_n death_n be_v a_o accident_n whereof_o the_o genus_fw-la be_v the_o end_n or_o destruction_n of_o life_n the_o subject_n be_v a_o live_a body_n and_o the_o next_o efficient_a cause_n be_v the_o extinguish_n of_o vital_a heat_n this_o therefore_o be_v the_o perfect_a definition_n of_o death_n namely_o that_o it_o be_v the_o destruction_n of_o the_o life_n of_o a_o live_a body_n by_o extinguish_v the_o vital_a heat_n thus_o be_v define_v anger_n grief_n sickness_n thunder_n earthquake_n the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o that_o of_o the_o sun_n civil-warre_n respiration_n and_o divers_a other_o thing_n whereof_o we_o shall_v produce_v some_o example_n in_o the_o end_n of_o this_o chapter_n now_o but_o proper_a accident_n can_v be_v thus_o define_v for_o mutable_a and_o casual_a accident_n or_o such_o as_o have_v no_o certain_a know_v cause_n or_o that_o depend_v upon_o the_o will_n of_o man_n can_v be_v exact_o define_v and_o therefore_o in_o stead_n of_o a_o definition_n we_o describe_v they_o as_o well_o as_o we_o may_v express_v their_o genus_fw-la and_o some_o certain_a property_n so_o whiteness_n be_v define_v when_o we_o say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o most_o simple_a and_o most_o clear_a colour_n and_o light_n be_v define_v to_o be_v the_o chief_a of_o all_o whiteness_n or_o the_o whiteness_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n send_v forth_o his_o likeness_n through_o transparent_a body_n natural_a instrument_n as_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o hand_n or_o artificial_a as_o a_o hammer_n or_o ana_fw-la xe_n be_v define_v by_o their_o genus_fw-la and_o by_o their_o fitness_n for_o that_o use_n for_o which_o they_o be_v ordain_v so_o the_o eye_n be_v the_o instrument_n of_o see_v and_o a_o hammer_n be_v a_o instrument_n to_o knock_v withal_o definition_n serve_v to_o discourse_n and_o to_o argue_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o this_o maxim_n maxim_n maxim_n to_o whatsoever_o thing_n the_o definition_n agree_v unto_o that_o same_o also_o the_o thing_n define_v do_v agree_v and_o reciprocal_o to_o whatsoever_o the_o define_v thing_n agree_v to_o the_o same_o the_o definition_n agree_v also_o the_o table_n of_o definition_n definition_n be_v either_o of_o a_o substance_n which_o be_v compose_v of_o the_o next_o genus_fw-la difference_n accident_n which_o be_v proper_a define_v by_o the_o next_o genus_fw-la proper_a subject_n next_o cause_n efficient_a final_a improper_a or_o casual_a define_v as_o the_o substance_n so_o far_o as_o may_v be_v certain_a example_n of_o the_o definition_n of_o a_o proper_a accident_n thunder_n be_v a_o sound_n in_o the_o cloud_n by_o the_o break_n out_o of_o a_o flame_a exhalation_n death_n be_v the_o destruction_n of_o a_o live_a creature_n by_o extinguish_v the_o vital_a heat_n the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v the_o darken_n of_o the_o moon_n by_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o earth_n anger_n be_v a_o perturbation_n of_o the_o mind_n arise_v from_o the_o opinion_n of_o a_o sustain_v wrong_v civil_a war_n be_v the_o trouble_n of_o a_o estate_n arise_v from_o the_o discord_n of_o the_o party_n baldness_n be_v the_o loss_n of_o the_o hair_n of_o the_o head_n through_o the_o want_n of_o radical_a humour_n respiration_n be_v the_o draw_v in_o of_o air_n into_o the_o lung_n to_o refresh_v the_o heart_n sickness_n be_v a_o indisposition_n of_o the_o body_n cause_v by_o the_o distemperature_n of_o the_o humour_n the_o earthquake_n be_v the_o stir_v or_o move_v of_o a_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o the_o violence_n of_o wind_n therein_o enclose_v blindness_n be_v a_o privation_n of_o light_n in_o the_o eye_n by_o the_o corruption_n of_o the_o instrument_n of_o see_v sorrow_n be_v a_o grief_n in_o the_o irascible_a faculty_n through_o the_o grief_n of_o some_o evil_n the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v the_o darken_n of_o the_o air_n by_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o moon_n the_o nine_o chapter_n of_o division_n there_o be_v divers_a sort_n of_o division_n for_o either_o we_o divide_v the_o genus_fw-la into_o the_o species_n or_o the_o whole_a into_o the_o part_n or_o the_o substance_n into_o divers_a accident_n or_o a_o accident_n into_o divers_a subject_n or_o a_o word_n into_o divers_a signification_n 1._o first_o we_o divide_v a_o genus_fw-la into_o the_o species_n as_o a_o live_a creature_n into_o man_n and_o beast_n action_n into_o natural_a and_o voluntary_a 2._o or_o else_o we_o divide_v the_o whole_a into_o parâ—s_n so_o man_n be_v divide_v into_o soul_n and_o body_n a_o house_n into_o the_o foundation_n wall_n and_o roof_n which_o division_n be_v make_v either_o in_o thought_n or_o in_o deed_n 3._o or_o else_o we_o divide_v the_o subject_a into_o divers_a accident_n as_o when_o we_o divide_v man_n into_o free_a and_o bond_n into_o male_n or_o female_n into_o fool_n or_o wiseman_n 4._o or_o else_o we_o divide_v a_o accident_n into_o other_o accident_n as_o when_o we_o divide_v physician_n into_o rich_a and_o poor_a one_o soldier_n into_o great_a or_o little_a one_o strong_a or_o weak_a 5._o or_o else_o we_o divide_v accident_n into_o divers_a subject_n as_o sickness_n into_o the_o sickness_n of_o the_o body_n and_o sickness_n of_o the_o soul_n so_o we_o may_v divide_v corruption_n into_o the_o corruption_n of_o simple_a body_n or_o into_o the_o corruption_n of_o mix_a or_o compound_v body_n 6._o or_o we_o divide_v a_o aequivocall_a word_n into_o divers_a signification_n as_o the_o word_n link_n which_o signify_v a_o sausage_n a_o torch_n and_o a_o link_n of_o a_o chain_n division_n rule_n for_o division_n 1._o a_o good_a division_n must_v have_v but_o few_o part_n and_o those_o opposite_a if_o it_o may_v be_v as_o animal_n be_v divide_v into_o reasonable_a and_o unreasonable_a number_n into_o even_o and_o odd_a a_o line_n into_o straight_a and_o crock_v but_o that_o be_v not_o always_o possible_a as_o when_o we_o divide_v the_o external_a sense_n into_o five_o and_o france_n into_o seventeen_o governement_n 2._o in_o a_o division_n nothing_o must_v be_v either_o superfluous_a or_o want_v as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v say_v that_o the_o sense_n be_v hear_v see_v smell_a and_o the_o two_o eye_n there_o be_v in_o such_o a_o division_n something_o want_v and_o something_o superfluous_a 3._o the_o part_n of_o a_o division_n must_v not_o overreach_v one_o another_o as_o who_o shall_v say_v that_o all_o clothing_n of_o the_o body_n be_v either_o garment_n or_o habiliment_n or_o gown_n or_o that_o justice_n consist_v in_o three_o thing_n to_o live_v honest_o to_o hurt_v no_o body_n to_o give_v every_o man_n his_o own_o in_o these_o division_n the_o part_n be_v but_o little_a or_o not_o at_o all_o differ_v and_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n the_o same_o thing_n the_o table_n of_o division_n division_n be_v of_o the_o genus_fw-la into_o the_o species_n whole_o into_o the_o part_n subject_a into_o accident_n accident_n into_o divers_a subject_n aequivocall_a word_n into_o divers_a signification_n the_o ten_o chapter_n of_o thing_n couple_v call_v in_o latin_a conjugata_fw-la couple_v be_v consider_v either_o in_o word_n or_o in_o thing_n word_n couple_v or_o conjoin_v be_v such_o as_o come_v from_o the_o same_o beginning_n and_o differ_v in_o termination_n as_o just_a justice_n just_o white_a whiting_a to_o white_a whiteness_n the_o link_n and_o affinity_n of_o which_o word_n be_v ground_v upon_o some_o affinity_n which_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n signify_v by_o these_o word_n but_o there_o be_v certain_a thing_n couple_v in_o
nature_n which_o be_v not_o couple_v in_o word_n as_o the_o sleep_n and_o to_o slumber_v there_o be_v also_o certain_a word_n couple_v which_o notwithstanding_o for_o matter_n be_v not_o of_o necesâ—â—tie_n link_v together_o as_o buckle_v and_o a_o buckler_n now_o for_o argument_n and_o discourse_n the_o couple_a and_o affinity_n which_o be_v in_o word_n be_v of_o no_o use_n except_o there_o be_v also_o affinity_n in_o the_o thing_n but_o where_o the_o affinity_n of_o word_n proceed_v from_o the_o affinity_n in_o the_o thing_n we_o use_v this_o maxim_n maxim_n maxim_n to_o whosoever_o one_o of_o the_o coniugate_v or_o thing_n couple_v do_v belong_v the_o other_o also_o belong_v unto_o the_o same_o as_o he_o that_o lie_v be_v a_o liar_n and_o to_o whosoever_o it_o belong_v to_o do_v a_o just_a thing_n to_o he_o also_o belong_v justice_n and_o to_o live_v just_o and_o see_v thou_o be_v a_o knave_n thou_o must_v be_v give_v unto_o knavery_n this_o maxim_n be_v not_o without_o exception_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o example_n of_o cambyses_n who_o be_v very_o unjust_a do_v notwithstanding_o some_o just_a action_n as_o in_o that_o he_o cover_v the_o seat_n of_o justice_n with_o the_o skin_n of_o a_o unjust_a judge_n who_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v flay_v as_o a_o warn_n to_o all_o that_o shall_v sit_v upon_o the_o say_a seat_n and_o so_o there_o may_v be_v a_o prince_n love_a treason_n who_o notwithstanding_o hate_v the_o traitor_n the_o eleven_o chapter_n of_o cause_n and_o effect_n a_o cause_n be_v that_o which_o bring_v forth_o a_o effect_n or_o that_o by_o which_o or_o for_o which_o any_o thing_n be_v there_o be_v four_o kind_n of_o cause_n the_o material_a the_o formal_n the_o efficient_a and_o the_o final_a for_o example_n the_o matter_n of_o a_o house_n be_v stone_n wood_n and_o tile_n the_o form_n be_v the_o structure_n and_o manner_n of_o building_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o place_n or_o order_v of_o the_o part_n the_o efficient_a cause_n be_v the_o masterbuilder_n the_o final_a cause_n be_v for_o dwell_v or_o habitation_n the_o efficient_a and_o final_a cause_n be_v call_v externall_n because_o they_o be_v out_o of_o the_o thing_n and_o be_v not_o part_n of_o it_o as_o the_o builder_n be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o house_n for_o suppose_v the_o builder_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o the_o house_n which_o he_o have_v build_v yet_o be_v he_o still_o a_o external_a cause_n by_o reason_n that_o he_o be_v not_o of_o the_o essence_n or_o definition_n of_o the_o house_n nor_o any_o part_n of_o it_o but_o the_o matter_n and_o form_n be_v internal_a cause_n because_o the_o thing_n be_v compose_v of_o they_o material_a the_o cause_n material_a matter_n be_v that_o whereof_o the_o thing_n be_v compose_v as_o leather_n be_v the_o matter_n of_o a_o shoe_n because_o a_o shoe_n be_v make_v of_o leather_n matter_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n the_o one_o be_v call_v matter_n of_o generation_n as_o the_o seed_n be_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o a_o tree_n slime_n be_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o frog_n so_o water_n be_v the_o matter_n of_o ice_n the_o other_o be_v the_o matter_n of_o composition_n as_o the_o four_o element_n be_v the_o matter_n whereof_o a_o body_n be_v compose_v wood_n and_o stone_n be_v the_o matter_n of_o a_o house_n sometime_o matter_n be_v take_v improper_o for_o the_o subject_n whereof_o we_o speak_v or_o write_v thus_o battle_n and_o love_n be_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o book_n of_o ariost_n and_o sometime_o for_o the_o occasion_n and_o subject_n whereabout_o man_n do_v labour_n and_o occupy_v himself_o as_o number_n be_v the_o matter_n of_o a_o arithmetician_n and_o danger_n and_o trouble_n be_v the_o matter_n of_o prowess_n and_o patience_n form_n be_v that_o which_o give_v be_v to_o a_o thing_n formal_n formal_n of_o form_n some_o be_v natural_a as_o the_o form_n of_o a_o animal_n be_v the_o sensitive_a soul_n and_o the_o form_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v the_o faculty_n of_o see_v other_o be_v artificial_a as_o the_o form_n of_o a_o statue_n of_o a_o house_n or_o of_o a_o clock_n natural_a form_n be_v part_n of_o the_o substance_n and_o be_v multiply_v by_o generation_n but_o artificial_a form_n be_v quality_n and_o no_o part_n of_o the_o substance_n neither_o be_v they_o multiply_v by_o generation_n or_o propagation_n if_o we_o engrave_v the_o image_n of_o caesar_n upon_o a_o nut_n that_o nut_n be_v plant_v will_v bring_v forth_o fruit_n and_o nut_n but_o not_o the_o image_n of_o caesar_n and_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o child_n be_v not_o heir_n of_o the_o learning_n or_o piety_n of_o their_o father_n the_o efficient_a efficient_a efficient_a cause_n be_v that_o by_o which_o a_o thing_n be_v as_o the_o sun_n be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o day_n and_o the_o fire_n of_o burn_a and_o sickness_n of_o death_n and_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o moon_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n under_o the_o efficient_a cause_n we_o comprehend_v the_o cause_n which_o be_v call_v meritorious_a as_o murder_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o punishment_n likewise_o under_o the_o efficient_a cause_n we_o comprehend_v the_o cause_n which_o be_v call_v defective_a as_o the_o want_n of_o sight_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o go_v astray_o and_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o night_n howsoever_o by_o nature_n it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o day_n all_o instrument_n both_o natural_a as_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o hand_n and_o artificial_a as_o a_o axe_n and_o a_o sword_n be_v in_o some_o sort_n efficient_a cause_n for_o though_o they_o act_n not_o by_o their_o own_o proper_a power_n yet_o they_o help_v the_o action_n and_o without_o they_o the_o natural_a action_n will_v either_o be_v weak_a or_o altogether_o hinder_v the_o final_a final_a final_a cause_n be_v that_o for_o the_o which_o a_o thing_n be_v do_v so_o the_o end_n of_o physic_n be_v to_o heal_v the_o sick_a and_o the_o end_n of_o study_n be_v to_o get_v learning_n we_o must_v wary_o distinguish_v the_o scope_n from_o the_o end_n as_o the_o scope_n of_o walk_v be_v health_n but_o the_o end_n be_v the_o last_o step_n the_o one_o be_v the_o end_n of_o the_o intention_n the_o other_o the_o end_n of_o progression_n the_o final_a cause_n may_v also_o be_v the_o formal_a and_o efficient_a cause_n but_o â—n_o divers_a respect_n as_o the_o form_n of_o the_o house_n be_v the_o end_n of_o the_o builder_n and_o the_o form_n of_o a_o horse_n engender_v be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o same_o horse_n and_o also_o the_o final_a cause_n of_o the_o horse_n engender_v and_o that_o which_o be_v the_o final_a cause_n iâ—_n common_o a_o effect_n as_o to_o see_v be_v the_o final_a cause_n and_o also_o the_o effect_n of_o sight_n of_o cause_n the_o final_a be_v the_o best_a and_o most_o excellent_a because_o all_o the_o other_o tend_v unto_o it_o and_o serve_v it_o the_o final_a cause_n as_o it_o be_v the_o last_o in_o execution_n so_o it_o be_v the_o first_o in_o the_o intention_n efficient_a and_o final_a cause_n bring_v forth_o their_o effect_n accident_n cause_n of_o themselves_o or_o by_o accident_n either_o of_o themselves_o and_o of_o their_o own_o nature_n or_o by_o accident_n thus_o the_o sun_n give_v light_a of_o itself_o and_o of_o his_o own_o nature_n but_o by_o accident_n it_o blind_v owl_n and_o the_o neigh_n of_o darius_n his_o horse_n be_v the_o accidental_a cause_n of_o his_o raise_v to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o thirst_n may_v be_v a_o accidental_a cause_n to_o save_v a_o man_n out_o of_o the_o battle_n if_o be_v thirsty_a and_o go_v out_o of_o the_o army_n to_o drink_v it_o so_o happen_v that_o while_o he_o be_v a_o drink_n the_o army_n be_v sudden_o discomfit_v so_o a_o musician_n that_o build_v a_o house_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o building_n as_o he_o be_v a_o musician_n but_o as_o he_o be_v a_o architect_n or_o builder_n it_o be_v the_o same_o of_o the_o final_a cause_n for_o example_n heal_v be_v the_o proper_a end_n of_o physic_n but_o the_o gain_n of_o the_o physician_n be_v a_o accidental_a end_n the_o one_o be_v the_o end_n of_o the_o art_n and_o the_o other_o of_o the_o person_n remote_a cause_n next_z or_o remote_a again_o there_o be_v some_o next_o and_o some_o remote_a cause_n for_o example_n the_o next_o end_n of_o the_o art_n of_o a_o soldier_n be_v war_n and_o the_o remote_a be_v victory_n and_o the_o end_n more_o remote_a be_v a_o happy_a peace_n so_o the_o next_o efficient_a cause_n of_o death_n be_v sickness_n of_o sickness_n excess_n and_o of_o excess_n bad_a company_n the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o form_n and_o matter_n the_o next_o matter_n of_o a_o table_n be_v
of_o the_o two_o contrary_n for_o if_o blackness_n be_v visible_a it_o follow_v not_o that_o whiteness_n be_v invisible_a because_o to_o be_v visible_a belong_v to_o the_o genus_fw-la of_o whiteness_n and_o blackness_n namely_o to_o colour_v we_o must_v also_o except_v such_o cause_n as_o do_v act_n by_o accident_n as_o if_o a_o white_a man_n build_v his_o own_o house_n it_o follow_v not_o that_o a_o black_a man_n must_v pull_v down_o he_o and_o if_o heat_n do_v harden_v the_o ground_n it_o follow_v not_o that_o frost_n must_v soften_v it_o 4._o the_o self_n same_o cause_n may_v bring_v forth_o certain_a effect_n when_o the_o action_n of_o the_o cause_n depend_v from_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o matter_n against_o which_o it_o act_v so_o the_o sun_n give_v a_o sweet_a smell_n to_o flower_n but_o it_o make_v a_o carrion_n stink_n and_o fire_n harden_v the_o earth_n and_o soften_v wax_v 5._o every_o subject_n that_o be_v capable_a to_o receive_v the_o one_o of_o the_o contrary_n be_v also_o capable_a to_o receive_v the_o other_o thus_o whatsoever_o may_v be_v heat_v may_v be_v cool_v and_o whatsoever_o may_v be_v harden_v may_v be_v soften_v 6._o one_o of_o the_o contrary_n be_v grant_v the_o other_o be_v overthrow_v thus_o he_o that_o be_v not_o free_a be_v a_o bondman_n but_o it_o follow_v not_o that_o if_o one_o of_o the_o contrary_n be_v deny_v the_o other_o must_v be_v grant_v except_o they_o be_v such_o contrary_n as_o have_v no_o mean_a between_o they_o as_o if_o the_o body_n be_v not_o white_a it_o follow_v not_o that_o it_o be_v black_a but_o in_o contrary_n that_o be_v without_o mean_a this_o consequent_a iâ—_n good_a as_o if_o this_o line_n be_v not_o straight_o it_o be_v crooked_a 7._o of_o two_o good_a thing_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v lesser_a and_o the_o other_o great_a the_o contrary_a to_o the_o great_a good_a be_v the_o great_a evil_n as_o virtue_n and_o health_n be_v two_o good_a thing_n if_o virtue_n therefore_o be_v a_o great_a good_a than_o health_n vice_n must_v be_v a_o great_a evil_n than_o sickness_n except_o when_o one_o of_o the_o two_o good_a thing_n be_v comprise_v in_o the_o other_o as_o to_o have_v the_o skill_n of_o read_v and_o the_o skill_n of_o philosophy_n for_o though_o the_o skill_n of_o philosophy_n â—e_v a_o great_a good_a than_o the_o skill_n of_o read_v yet_o it_o follow_v not_o that_o not_o to_o be_v skilful_a in_o philosophy_n be_v a_o great_a evil_n than_o not_o to_o be_v skilful_a in_o read_v because_o the_o skill_n of_o read_v be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o skill_n of_o philosophy_n 8._o contradictory_n can_v stand_v together_o and_o one_o of_o they_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v as_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o be_v not_o either_o man_n or_o not_o man_n and_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o be_v both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o fifteen_o chapter_n comparison_n of_o thing_n thing_n be_v oft_o compare_v according_a to_o their_o goodness_n and_o excellency_n and_o then_o the_o comparison_n be_v make_v by_o these_o rule_n or_o maxim_n maxim_n maxim_n 1._o whatsoever_o be_v desire_v in_o regard_n of_o itself_o be_v better_a than_o that_o which_o be_v desire_v only_o in_o regard_n of_o some_o other_o thing_n as_o life_n be_v better_a than_o money_n and_o sight_n be_v more_o to_o be_v desire_v then_o spectacle_n and_o health_n than_o physic_n 2._o that_o which_o be_v good_a to_o all_o be_v better_a than_o that_o which_o be_v only_o good_a to_o some_o and_o which_o be_v use_v but_o seldom_o and_o for_o certain_a respect_n thus_o light_n be_v better_a than_o darkness_n and_o to_o have_v two_o arm_n be_v better_a than_o to_o be_v maim_v for_o darkness_n be_v of_o use_n only_o for_o thief_n and_o debauch_a person_n and_o to_o have_v but_o one_o arm_n be_v of_o use_n only_o to_o beggar_n who_o thereby_o set_v forth_o their_o misery_n 3._o that_o which_o be_v good_a of_o it_o own_o nature_n be_v better_a than_o that_o which_o be_v good_a only_a by_o accident_n or_o which_o be_v of_o use_n only_o to_o avoid_v a_o great_a evil_n thus_o health_n be_v better_a than_o physic_n and_o to_o have_v our_o ware_n in_o our_o ship_n be_v better_a than_o to_o cast_v they_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o prudence_n be_v better_a than_o chance_n 4._o one_o good_a which_o when_o we_o have_v we_o need_v not_o the_o other_o be_v better_a than_o that_o which_o when_o we_o have_v we_o have_v yet_o need_v of_o the_o other_o thus_o to_o be_v love_v of_o god_n be_v better_a than_o to_o be_v love_v of_o man_n and_o to_o have_v the_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o a_o art_n be_v better_a than_o to_o have_v it_o write_v in_o a_o book_n 5._o of_o final_a cause_n the_o last_o be_v ever_o the_o best_a thus_o happiness_n be_v better_a than_o virtue_n and_o the_o skill_n of_o manage_v a_o horse_n be_v better_a than_o the_o skill_n to_o make_v a_o spur_n 6._o permanent_a good_n be_v better_a than_o the_o transitory_a as_o virtue_n be_v better_a than_o money_n but_o in_o general_a without_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o goodness_n or_o excellency_n of_o thing_n they_o may_v be_v compare_v by_o these_o maxim_n follow_v 1._o maxim_n other_o maxim_n that_o which_o be_v such_o of_o it_o own_o nature_n be_v more_o such_o than_o that_o which_o be_v only_o such_o by_o participation_n thus_o the_o sun_n be_v clear_a than_o a_o look_a glass_n when_o the_o sun_n shine_v on_o it_o 2._o that_o which_o be_v such_o of_o itself_o be_v more_o such_o than_o that_o which_o be_v such_o only_a by_o accident_n as_o exercise_n and_o good_a nourishment_n be_v more_o healthful_a than_o the_o cut_n off_o of_o a_o arm_n and_o the_o death_n of_o the_o son_n of_o god_n have_v be_v more_o beneficial_a to_o salvation_n than_o the_o treason_n of_o judas_n howsoever_o god_n use_v it_o as_o a_o mean_n for_o our_o good_a 3._o that_o which_o be_v most_o remote_a from_o his_o contrary_n be_v more_o such_o than_o that_o which_o be_v less_o remote_a and_o therefore_o the_o cold_a in_o norway_n be_v great_a than_o that_o in_o italy_n because_o it_o be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o south_n from_o whence_o the_o heat_n come_v 4._o that_o which_o act_v more_o forcible_o be_v common_o more_o such_o then_o that_o which_o act_v more_o weak_o as_o that_o which_o hurt_v more_o be_v worse_a than_o that_o which_o hurt_v less_o and_o that_o which_o prick_v more_o be_v sharp_a point_v then_o that_o which_o prick_v less_o this_o rule_n have_v exception_n aire_n and_o water_n be_v equal_o moist_a nay_o aristotle_n hold_v the_o air_n to_o be_v moist_a yet_o water_n moisten_v more_o than_o air_n so_o the_o flame_n be_v hot_a or_o rather_o hot_a than_o the_o hot_a iron_n and_o yet_o a_o hot_a iron_n burn_v more_o than_o the_o flame_n do_v the_o sixteenth_o chapter_n comparison_n of_o probability_n or_o likelihood_n thing_n be_v compare_v in_o probability_n when_o we_o question_v whether_o of_o the_o two_o be_v the_o more_o credible_a and_o this_o be_v do_v when_o to_o prove_v some_o one_o thing_n we_o bring_v in_o another_o equal_o or_o more_o or_o less_o probable_a then_o that_o which_o be_v in_o question_n this_o comparison_n may_v be_v make_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n alike_o 1._o probable_a alike_o for_o first_o when_o we_o will_v prove_v a_o thing_n in_o question_n we_o may_v bring_v in_o another_o thing_n as_o probable_a as_o it_o for_o example_n if_o a_o prince_n have_v grant_v something_o to_o one_o citizen_n another_o citizen_n may_v pretend_v that_o the_o like_a grant_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v unto_o he_o also_o because_o he_o be_v a_o citizen_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o and_o nothing_o inferior_a to_o he_o so_o a_o fault_n which_o be_v pardon_v to_o some_o one_o in_o regard_n of_o his_o youth_n must_v be_v pardon_v to_o another_o as_o young_a as_o he_o this_o reason_n be_v ground_v upon_o this_o maxim_n maxim_n maxim_n of_o two_o thing_n equal_o probable_a or_o equal_o just_a the_o one_o be_v grant_v make_v the_o other_o to_o be_v easy_o believe_v probable_a 2._o more_o probable_a second_o to_o prove_v a_o thing_n in_o question_n we_o may_v bring_v another_o thing_n more_o probable_a than_o it_o argue_v thus_o if_o that_o which_o be_v more_o probable_a be_v not_o much_o less_o shall_v that_o be_v which_o be_v less_o probable_a for_o example_n if_o a_o father_n will_v not_o have_v his_o child_n go_v rich_o apparel_v much_o less_o will_v he_o suffer_v it_o in_o his_o servant_n and_o if_o the_o apostle_n be_v not_o without_o sin_n how_o much_o less_o be_v we_o this_o be_v call_v argue_v from_o a_o more_o probable_a to_o a_o less_o and_o ground_v upon_o this_o maxim_n maxim_n maxim_n if_o that_o which_o be_v more_o possible_a
and_o more_o probable_a be_v not_o much_o less_o shall_v that_o be_v which_o be_v less_o probable_a and_o possible_a the_o conclusion_n of_o such_o argument_n must_v always_o be_v negative_a last_o probable_a 3._o less_o probable_a we_o may_v prove_v a_o thing_n in_o question_n by_o bring_v in_o another_o thing_n that_o be_v less_o probable_a say_v thus_o if_o a_o thing_n less_o probable_a and_o hard_a to_o be_v believe_v be_v notwithstanding_o or_o have_v be_v much_o more_o ought_v we_o to_o believe_v that_o which_o be_v more_o probable_a and_o easy_a to_o be_v do_v so_o if_o one_o at_o twelve_o year_n of_o age_n can_v carry_v a_o weight_n of_o a_o hundred_o pound_n by_o a_o strong_a reason_n one_o may_v carry_v the_o same_o weight_n at_o the_o age_n of_o twenty_o year_n and_o if_o alexander_n take_v tyre_n much_o more_o easy_o may_v he_o have_v take_v jerusalem_n which_o be_v weak_a than_o tyre_n if_o he_o have_v besiege_v it_o this_o be_v call_v argue_v from_o the_o less_o probable_a to_o the_o great_a ground_v upon_o this_o maxim_n maxim_n maxim_n if_o that_o which_o be_v less_o probable_a and_o less_o possible_a may_v be_v much_o more_o shall_v that_o be_v which_o be_v more_o probable_a and_o more_o possible_a the_o conclusion_n of_o such_o argument_n must_v always_o be_v affirmative_a we_o must_v wary_o distinguish_v between_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o probability_n for_o great_a thing_n be_v oft_o less_o probable_a and_o more_o difficult_a for_o it_o be_v no_o good_a argument_n to_o say_v thus_o if_o bird_n can_v fly_v how_o much_o more_o bull_n and_o if_o a_o thread_n can_v go_v through_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o needle_n how_o much_o more_o a_o cable_n and_o if_o michael_n angel_n can_v paint_v very_o excellent_o how_o much_o more_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o the_o seventeen_o chapter_n of_o testimony_n testimony_n be_v often_o use_v to_o argue_v and_o prove_v a_o thing_n testimony_n be_v of_o force_n and_o do_v persuade_v when_o they_o be_v such_o as_o may_v not_o be_v deny_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o quality_n authority_n sufficiency_n or_o multitude_n of_o person_n testimony_n be_v either_o divine_a or_o humane_a divine_a testimony_n be_v oracle_n and_o all_o that_o be_v call_v the_o word_n of_o god_n likewise_o dream_n vision_n miracle_n be_v they_o true_a or_o false_a if_o they_o be_v deliver_v as_o true_a also_o rule_v to_o live_v well_o derive_v from_o nature_n humane_a testimony_n if_o the_o question_n be_v about_o matter_n of_o right_n be_v humane_a law_n custom_n the_o testimony_n of_o ancestor_n or_o such_o as_o be_v skilful_a in_o their_o own_o art_n the_o consent_n of_o nation_n but_o if_o the_o question_n be_v of_o fact_n then_o be_v to_o be_v produce_v schedule_n acquittance_n confession_n eye_n or_o ear_n witness_n such_o witness_n maxim_n maxim_n as_o do_v not_o affirm_v or_o deny_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v or_o not_o to_o be_v be_v of_o no_o force_n for_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o these_o two_o say_n god_n say_v not_o that_o such_o a_o thing_n be_v and_o god_n say_v that_o such_o a_o thing_n be_v not_o the_o latter_a be_v a_o good_a proof_n but_o the_o former_a have_v no_o consequence_n or_o sequel_n and_o likewise_o this_o proof_n be_v of_o no_o effect_n aristotle_n have_v not_o say_v so_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o so_o or_o the_o word_n of_o god_n say_v not_o that_o man_n be_v a_o reasonable_a creature_n and_o therefore_o man_n be_v not_o a_o reasonable_a creature_n notwithstanding_o if_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n which_o can_v be_v know_v but_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o one_o alone_a than_o this_o kind_n of_o argue_v be_v good_a and_o firm_a such_o a_o one_o say_v not_o â—o_o and_o therefore_o you_o can_v maintain_v that_o it_o be_v so_o for_o example_n if_o we_o have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o china_n but_o by_o the_o report_n of_o one_o man_n only_o whosoever_o will_v affirm_v any_o thing_n without_o the_o warrant_n of_o such_o a_o one_o without_o question_n will_v be_v prove_v a_o liar_n or_o iâ—_n he_o speak_v the_o truth_n it_o be_v but_o by_o chance_n and_o not_o know_v himself_o whether_o he_o speak_v true_a or_o no._n so_o likewise_o see_v that_o nothing_o that_o be_v necessary_a to_o salvation_n can_v be_v know_v without_o warrant_n from_o the_o word_n of_o god_n whosoever_o in_o thing_n necessary_a to_o salvation_n affirm_v any_o thing_n not_o contain_v in_o the_o say_a word_n of_o god_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v believe_v &_o affirm_v that_o which_o he_o know_v not_o the_o eighteen_o chapter_n of_o the_o use_n or_o practice_n of_o the_o precedent_a doctrine_n this_o doctrine_n contain_v in_o the_o sixteen_o precedent_a chapter_n be_v call_v the_o doctrine_n of_o place_n because_o it_o show_v the_o place_n whence_o matter_n be_v draw_v for_o argument_n and_o furniture_n for_o proof_n for_o example_n if_o we_o undertake_v to_o prove_v that_o death_n be_v not_o to_o be_v fear_v of_o a_o virtuous_a man_n we_o must_v run_v over_o these_o sixteen_o place_n and_o take_v notice_n of_o such_o as_o will_v best_o furnish_v we_o with_o matter_n to_o make_v this_o plain_a we_o will_v run_v over_o the_o say_a place_n and_o apply_v they_o to_o this_o example_n the_o genus_fw-la of_o death_n death_n be_v the_o end_n of_o man_n life_n now_o the_o end_n be_v to_o be_v desire_v when_o it_o be_v not_o only_o the_o end_n but_o also_o the_o scope_n that_o we_o must_v aim_v at_o such_o be_v death_n unto_o which_o a_o wise_a man_n ought_v to_o prepare_v himself_o every_o day_n as_o be_v the_o end_n of_o his_o hope_n the_o difference_n this_o death_n come_v by_o the_o separation_n of_o the_o soul_n from_o the_o body_n now_o we_o must_v not_o fear_v the_o separation_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v join_v do_v hurt_v one_o another_o the_o soul_n consume_v the_o body_n with_o care_n like_v unto_o a_o knife_n that_o cut_v its_o sheath_n the_o body_n be_v to_o the_o soul_n as_o a_o burden_n or_o a_o prison_n god_n separate_v they_o to_o rejoine_v they_o again_o in_o a_o better_a estate_n and_o condition_n the_o species_n there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o death_n the_o one_o natural_a cause_v through_o age_n the_o other_o violent_a which_o happen_v by_o sickness_n or_o when_o a_o man_n be_v kill_v philosopher_n say_v that_o death_n which_o come_v through_o age_n be_v without_o pain_n because_o it_o be_v without_o combat_n or_o resistance_n and_o who_o will_v live_v when_o all_o his_o strength_n be_v spend_v violent_a death_n be_v not_o also_o to_o be_v fear_v of_o a_o virtuous_a man_n for_o what_o matter_n be_v it_o whether_o i_o die_v of_o a_o ague_n or_o by_o the_o sword_n whether_o by_o the_o distemper_n of_o humour_n or_o by_o the_o distemper_n or_o commotion_n of_o people_n whether_o i_o yield_v up_o my_o soul_n by_o the_o mouth_n or_o by_o a_o wound_n so_o it_o may_v go_v to_o god_n the_o property_n and_o accident_n of_o death_n death_n make_v all_o alike_o both_o great_a and_o small_a it_o dismask_v and_o discover_v thought_n then_o dissimulation_n have_v no_o more_o place_n the_o word_n of_o the_o die_a be_v serious_a and_o of_o great_a weight_n their_o prayer_n be_v fervent_a their_o confession_n humble_a their_o admonition_n to_o their_o child_n be_v receive_v with_o attention_n the_o spirit_n of_o god_n comfort_v they_o within_o the_o angel_n guard_n and_o assist_v they_o without_o and_o jesus_n christ_n reach_v they_o out_o the_o crown_n of_o thing_n conjoin_v with_o death_n if_o we_o must_v not_o bewail_v the_o dead_a why_o shall_v we_o then_o fear_v death_n the_o cause_n of_o death_n the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o death_n be_v the_o will_n of_o god_n which_o we_o be_v better_a to_o yield_v unto_o willing_o then_o by_o compulsion_n why_o shall_v we_o resist_v god_n will_n see_v it_o be_v just_a and_o inevitable_a again_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n under_o the_o which_o we_o be_v bear_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o death_n plead_v not_o 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because_o he_o have_v many_o book_n or_o that_o charles_n have_v a_o greybeard_n because_o he_o be_v not_o hang_v ten_o year_n ago_o here_o the_o ordinary_a fault_n be_v when_o the_o occasion_n be_v take_v for_o a_o cause_n for_o cause_n do_v act_n but_o occasion_n act_v not_o but_o be_v only_o the_o subject_n and_o matter_n of_o act_v thus_o truth_n breed_v hatred_n not_o of_o it_o own_o nature_n but_o by_o occasion_n so_o the_o law_n of_o god_n harden_v the_o heart_n of_o wicked_a man_n that_o oppose_v themselves_o against_o it_o it_o be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o hardness_n but_o only_o the_o occasion_n the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o the_o fallacy_n which_o mingle_v many_o interrogation_n as_o if_o they_o be_v but_o one_o sometime_o many_o interrogation_n be_v cunning_o intermingle_v that_o a_o untruth_n may_v be_v crowd_v in_o among_o many_o truth_n as_o cyrus_n alexander_n caesar_n be_v they_o not_o valiant_a king_n or_o these_o quality_n to_o be_v bay_n old_a tall_a one-eyde_a be_v they_o not_o in_o this_o horse_n some_o will_v be_v ready_a to_o grant_v all_o this_o not_o mark_v that_o caesar_n be_v never_o king_n and_o that_o to_o be_v one_o eye_v be_v a_o privation_n and_o not_o a_o quality_n and_o that_o to_o be_v old_a be_v not_o a_o quality_n but_o a_o quantity_n or_o length_n of_o time_n past_a therefore_o such_o interrogation_n must_v be_v answer_v by_o distinction_n the_o nine_o chapter_n of_o the_o fallacy_n which_o be_v commit_v by_o the_o ignorance_n of_o that_o which_o contradict_v the_o question_n the_o fallacy_n through_o the_o ignorance_n of_o that_o which_o contradict_v be_v when_o he_o that_o argue_v against_o i_o bring_v a_o conclusion_n which_o he_o allege_v as_o contrary_a or_o contradictory_n to_o my_o position_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v nothing_o prejudicial_a unto_o it_o and_o may_v be_v grant_v for_o example_n if_o i_o say_v that_o god_n be_v no_o liar_n a_o sophister_n will_v go_v about_o to_o conclude_v that_o god_n say_v not_o all_o the_o truth_n which_o notwithstanding_o agree_v very_o well_o with_o that_o which_o i_o affirm_v neither_o do_v it_o from_o thence_o follow_v that_o god_n be_v a_o liar_n to_o the_o end_n therefore_o that_o these_o be_v not_o take_v for_o contradictory_n or_o contrary_a enuntiation_n which_o indeed_o be_v not_o we_o must_v understand_v that_o if_o we_o will_v make_v two_o enuntiation_n to_o be_v contradictory_n the_o term_n must_v be_v understand_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n in_o both_o and_o without_o equivocation_n therefore_o these_o two_o enuntiation_n every_o cock_n be_v live_v and_o every_o cock_n be_v not_o live_v be_v not_o contradictory_n if_o the_o one_o be_v mean_v of_o a_o live_a creature_n and_o the_o other_o take_v for_o the_o cock_n of_o a_o gun_n again_o the_o attribute_n must_v agree_v with_o the_o subject_n in_o the_o same_o part_n &_o according_a to_o the_o same_o time_n therefore_o these_o two_o enuntiation_n man_n be_v mortal_a and_o man_n be_v 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quality_n or_o the_o proposition_n or_o in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o mean_a or_o if_o there_o be_v more_o than_o three_o term_n the_o syllogism_n be_v faulty_a in_o the_o matter_n when_o one_o of_o the_o proposition_n or_o both_o be_v false_a either_o in_o the_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n this_o faultinesse_n happen_v sometime_o through_o simplicity_n and_o without_o cunning_n buâ—_n sometime_o it_o be_v fraudulent_a and_o with_o cunning_a such_o as_o be_v the_o fallacy_n above_o mention_v if_o a_o syllogism_n be_v faulty_a in_o the_o form_n it_o must_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o true_a form_n if_o it_o be_v faulty_a in_o the_o matter_n that_o proposition_n which_o be_v false_a must_v be_v deny_v and_o if_o it_o be_v doubtful_a or_o true_a in_o part_n only_o it_o must_v be_v distinguish_v but_o if_o the_o fault_n be_v neither_o in_o the_o form_n nor_o in_o the_o matter_n but_o only_o in_o the_o fallacy_n of_o the_o ignorance_n of_o that_o which_o contradict_v the_o question_n by_o the_o which_o the_o adversary_n maintain_v a_o thing_n which_o do_v not_o prejudice_v the_o question_n in_o such_o a_o case_n we_o must_v grant_v all_o that_o the_o adversary_n say_v and_o show_v he_o that_o in_o think_v to_o contradict_v we_o be_v do_v it_o not_o the_o end_n and_o scope_n of_o these_o fallacy_n be_v not_o to_o teach_v we_o how_o to_o deceive_v but_o how_o to_o avoid_v deceit_n finis_fw-la