be_v make_v thereon_o the_o time_n of_o the_o poind_n neither_o when_o keep_v on_o the_o ground_n for_o the_o master_n rent_n by_o his_o servant_n see_v they_o express_v not_o that_o cause_n nor_o crave_v not_o security_n therefore_o from_o the_o poynder_n february_n 1._o 1628._o laird_n of_o halkertoun_n contra_fw-la kadie_n and_o grieves_n but_o if_o it_o have_v be_v express_o for_o the_o rent_n rest_v it_o will_v not_o infer_v deforcement_n if_o such_o be_v true_o rest_v neither_o do_v resistance_n of_o poind_v of_o plough-goods_a in_o labour_v time_n where_o there_o be_v other_o good_n sufficient_a infer_v deforcement_n february_n last_o 1561._o abbot_n of_o kilwinning_n contra_fw-la tenant_n stop_v of_o poind_v by_o the_o master_n of_o the_o groundor_n landlord_n of_o a_o house_n for_o that_o year_n rend_v infer_v not_o deforcement_n december_n 7._o 1630._o dick_n contra_fw-la land_n or_o that_o he_o hinder_v entry_n unless_o there_o be_v special_a warrant_n in_o the_o letter_n to_o make_v open_a door_n 30._o contravention_n as_o it_o signify_v any_o act_n do_v against_o lawborrow_n so_o it_o imply_v the_o obligation_n of_o the_o contraveen_a and_o the_o personal_a right_n which_o the_o user_n of_o the_o lawborrow_n have_v thereby_o and_o likewise_o the_o action_n by_o which_o it_o be_v pursue_v for_o the_o uptake_n of_o all_o it_o must_v be_v consider_v what_o lawborrow_n be_v which_o the_o word_n itself_o insinuat_v to_o be_v caution_n find_v to_o do_v nothing_o but_o by_o order_n of_o law_n for_o a_o burrow_n or_o burgh_n in_o our_o ancient_a language_n be_v a_o cautioner_n and_o lawborrow_n be_v caution_n to_o keep_v the_o law_n the_o reason_n hereof_o be_v the_o safety_n and_o security_n of_o the_o people_n who_o in_o equity_n have_v no_o more_o than_o the_o reparation_n of_o the_o damnage_n they_o sustain_v through_o delinquence_n or_o illegal_a act_n but_o to_o prevent_v such_o and_o terrify_v evil_a doer_n a_o great_a penalty_n than_o reparation_n be_v appoint_v according_a to_o the_o quality_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o injurer_n par._n 1593._o cap._n 166._o the_o half_a of_o the_o penalty_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o injure_v and_o the_o other_o half_o be_v public_a par._n 1581._o cap._n 117._o by_o the_o narrative_a of_o which_o statute_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o before_o lawborrows_n be_v grant_v only_o for_o safety_n against_o bodily_a harm_n in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o complainer_n yet_o for_o the_o reason_n therein_o express_v the_o same_o be_v extend_v that_o the_o complainer_n their_o wife_n bairn_n 〈◊〉_d and_o servant_n shall_v be_v harmless_a and_o skaithless_a in_o their_o body_n land_n tack_n possession_n good_n and_o gear_n and_o no_o way_n molest_v or_o trouble_v therein_o by_o the_o person_n complain_v on_o nor_o no_o other_o of_o their_o cause_v send_v hound_v out_o ressetting_n command_n assistance_n and_o ratihabition_n who_o they_o may_v stop_v or_o let_v direct_o or_o indirect_o otherways_o then_o by_o order_n of_o law_n or_o justice_n by_o the_o same_o statute_n it_o be_v also_o evident_a that_o lawborrow_n be_v grant_v upon_o the_o supplication_n of_o party_n fear_v harm_n who_o without_o cite_v the_o other_o party_n but_o make_v faith_n upon_o their_o complaint_n have_v letter_n of_o horning_n summary_o to_o charge_v the_o party_n complain_v on_o to_o find_v caution_n ut_fw-la supra_fw-la and_o if_o caution_n be_v find_v the_o action_n of_o contravention_n do_v proceed_v upon_o and_o conform_v to_o the_o act_n of_o caution_n but_o if_o obedience_n be_v not_o give_v the_o complainer_n may_v proceed_v to_o denunciation_n or_o caption_n but_o the_o contravention_n will_v proceed_v though_o there_o be_v no_o caution_n find_v but_o only_o a_o charge_n upon_o the_o letter_n without_o denunciation_n unless_o the_o charge_n be_v suspend_v as_o use_n to_o be_v do_v when_o the_o penalty_n charge_v for_o be_v exorbitant_a and_o not_o conform_v to_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n january_n 8._o 1628._o john_n semple_n contra_fw-la cunninghame_n contravention_n may_v proceed_v upon_o any_o delinquence_n according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o act_n of_o caution_n or_o letter_n of_o lawborrow_n which_o though_o very_o comprehensive_a yet_o be_v not_o extend_v to_o act_n do_v without_o order_n of_o law_n be_v matter_n of_o inconsiderable_a moment_n as_o the_o tilling_n up_o of_o some_o furrow_n in_o a_o march_n the_o same_o be_v offer_v to_o be_v lay_v down_o and_o the_o damnage_n to_o be_v repair_v nic._n hic_fw-la nicolson_n contra_fw-la hay_n neither_o be_v it_o sustain_v upon_o any_o illegal_a deed_n when_o the_o matter_n of_o right_o be_v dubious_a as_o in_o matter_n of_o molestation_n before_o the_o cognition_n or_o before_o that_o the_o march_n be_v clear_a spot_n contravention_n laird_n of_o balcaskie_n contra_fw-la florence_n strang._n neither_o upon_o a_o deed_n do_v by_o a_o colourable_a title_n though_o afterward_o reduce_v as_o enter_v in_o possession_n by_o a_o nats_n decreet_a hope_n hic_fw-la george_n moorhead_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o barskub_n neither_o upon_o pasture_v upon_o bound_n controvert_v or_o where_o there_o be_v no_o violence_n nor_o unlawfulness_n in_o pasturage_n upon_o clear_a march_n july_n 14._o 1626._o laird_n of_o grange_n contra_fw-la lesly_n neither_o upon_o a_o deed_n of_o spuilzie_n against_o the_o pursuer_n tenant_n not_o complain_v though_o the_o lawborrow_n bear_v men-tennant_n and_o servant_n to_o be_v harmless_a which_o be_v esteem_v stilus_fw-la curiae_fw-la january_n 28._o 1632._o grant_v contra_fw-la grant_v and_o february_n 9_o 1633._o lindsay_n contra_fw-la dennistoun_n neither_o be_v it_o sustain_v upon_o deed_n do_v by_o the_o defender_n tenant_n without_o allege_v command_n or_o ratihabition_n unless_o the_o deed_n be_v manifest_a or_o know_v to_o their_o master_n as_o in_o conveen_v daily_o and_o cut_v another_o wood_n july_n 9_o 1611._o vauns_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o balnagown_n neither_o upon_o deed_n do_v by_o servant_n without_o warrant_n unless_o they_o be_v menial_a servant_n hope_v bic_n john_n galbraith_n contra_fw-la william_n anderson_n yet_o contravention_n be_v sustain_v upon_o hurt_n do_v to_o the_o pursuer_n servant_n though_o he_o be_v then_o rebel_n be_v afterward_o relax_v hope_n horning_n bruce_n of_o clackmannan_n contra_fw-la bruce_n it_o be_v also_o sustain_v upon_o attempt_n of_o injury_n though_o there_o be_v no_o hurt_n as_o a_o stroke_n on_o the_o clothes_n and_o one_o offer_v to_o strike_v with_o a_o whinger_n december_n 21._o 1609._o greenyard_n contra_fw-la clackmannan_n and_o also_o upon_o a_o violent_a trouble_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi without_o order_n of_o law_n though_o without_o damnage_n spot_n hic_fw-la laird_n of_o balcaskie_n contra_fw-la florence_n strang._n it_o be_v also_o sustain_v upon_o a_o delinquence_n though_o there_o be_v another_o action_n competent_a therefore_o as_o for_o molestation_n november_n 29._o 1609._o dundass_v contra_fw-la cuming_n of_o ironside_n or_o for_o violent_a possession_n after_o warn_v hope_n de_fw-fr actionibus_fw-la cuthbert_n cunninghame_n contra_fw-la but_o if_o the_o other_o ordinar_n action_n be_v insist_v in_o and_o decreet_a obtain_v contravention_n also_o can_v be_v pursue_v though_o the_o other_o be_v offer_v to_o be_v renounce_v hope_n contro_fw-la johnstoun_n contra_fw-la sir_n john_n charter_n contravention_n be_v elide_v by_o grant_v a_o factory_a after_o the_o deed_n libel_v to_o do_v the_o like_a reserve_v only_a damnage_n and_o interest_n february_n 19_o 1633._o dennistoun_n contra_fw-la lindsay_n contravention_n on_o several_a deed_n sustain_v separatim_fw-la toties_fw-la quoties_fw-la and_o against_o many_o contraveener_n contraveen_v in_o one_o act_n but_o in_o such_o case_n the_o lord_n will_v modify_v and_o lesten_z the_o penalty_n within_o the_o rate_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n novemb_n 29._o 〈◊〉_d dundass_v contra_fw-la cuming_n of_o ironside_n nic._n contro_fw-la sir_n john_n scot_n contra_fw-la barns_n contravention_n be_v not_o find_v pursuable_a before_o any_o inferior_a judge_n otherways_o the_o decreet_a thereof_o will_v be_v null_a by_o exception_n july_n 6._o 1611._o kennedy_n taylzeor_fw-la contra_fw-la kennedy_n of_o garriehorn_n yet_o it_o be_v sustain_v where_o the_o matter_n be_v small_a and_o the_o party_n poor_a march_v 12._o 1622._o blair_n contra_fw-la marshel_n in_o contravention_n the_o king_n advocate_n must_v concur_v for_o the_o king_n interest_n but_o he_o can_v insist_v alone_o as_o when_o the_o private_a party_n have_v discharge_v the_o deed_n even_o after_o the_o intent_a of_o the_o cause_n hope_v entro_fw-la forrest_n contra_fw-la malcolm_n turnbul_n title_n x._o obligation_n conventional_a by_o promise_n paction_n and_o contract_n 1._o the_o original_a of_o conventional_a obligation_n 2._o the_o act_n of_o the_o will_n desire_v resolution_n and_o engagement_n and_o their_o effect_n 3._o pollicitation_n or_o offer_n and_o its_o effect_n 4._o promise_n 5._o contract_n in_o favour_n of_o three_o party_n valid_a 6._o paction_n and_o how_o word_n be_v obligatory_a 7._o naked_a paction_n 8._o
right_n do_v take_v off_o from_o he_o the_o ward_n if_o the_o right_n be_v feu_n only_o general_o without_o mention_n of_o the_o ward_n see_v the_o act_n 1606._o do_v only_o annul_v feve_v set_v by_o vassal_n hold_v ward_n of_o subject_n without_o their_o superior_n consent_n which_o be_v so_o find_v albeit_o the_o feu_n be_v under_o reversion_n that_o it_o be_v free_a of_o the_o ward_n and_o marriage_n of_o the_o vassal_n as_o to_o the_o subvassal_n fever_n but_o do_v only_o affect_v the_o vassal_n interest_n viz._n the_o feu_fw-fr duty_n reversion_n and_o back-tack_n july_n 2._o 1672._o earl_n of_o eglintoun_n contra_fw-la the_o laird_n greenock_n ward_n be_v also_o restrain_v by_o the_o terce_n and_o liferent_a of_o husband_n by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o scotland_n both_o which_o be_v introduce_v by_o law_n and_o be_v valid_a without_o the_o superior_n consent_n but_o rental_n and_o tack_n set_v by_o the_o vassal_n have_v only_o this_o effect_n against_o the_o superior_a or_o his_o donatar_n that_o the_o tenant_n or_o labourer_n shall_v not_o be_v remove_v till_o the_o next_o whitsonday_n after_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o ward_n pay_v the_o old_a accustom_a duty_n par._n 1491._o cap._n 26._o but_o then_o the_o superior_a or_o his_o donatar_n may_v remove_v they_o notwithstanding_o their_o tack_n be_v unexpired_a which_o therefore_o sleep_n during_o the_o ward_n but_o revive_v against_o the_o setter_n and_o his_o heir_n and_o endure_v as_o many_o year_n after_o the_o ward_n as_o they_o be_v exclude_v by_o the_o ward_n sinclar_n may_v 21._o 1549._o laird_n of_o durie_n contra_fw-la robert_n stevart_n ledingtoun_n december_n 16._o 1569._o king_n donatar_n contra_fw-la tenant_n of_o drorgan_n july_n 4._o 1611._o laird_n of_o couter_n contra_fw-la where_o also_o the_o terce_n be_v find_v relevant_a to_o exclude_v the_o superior_a yet_o ward_n be_v not_o exclude_v by_o annualrent_n hold_v of_o the_o vassal_n march_v 11._o 1629._o james_n weyms_n contra_fw-la kincraig_n but_o now_o since_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1606._o prohibit_v feve_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o superior_a these_o do_v not_o exclude_v the_o ward_n or_o other_o casualty_n of_o the_o superiority_n as_o to_o fee_n not_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n which_o be_v even_o extend_v to_o the_o fee_n hold_v of_o the_o prince_n hope_n ward_n lady_n cathcart_n contra_fw-la vassal_n of_o cathcart_n and_o after_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1633._o extend_v the_o foresay_a act_n to_o ward-land_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n feve_v then_o grant_v till_o the_o year_n 1641._o when_o the_o effect_n of_o that_o act_n be_v before_o suspend_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1640._o be_v take_v away_o and_o so_o feve_v of_o land_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n be_v valid_a till_o the_o rescissory_a act_n 1661._o whereby_o the_o say_a parliament_n 1641._o be_v rescind_v par._n 1661._o cap._n 15._o so_o that_o now_o feve_v of_o land_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n prince_z or_o any_o other_o superior_a without_o their_o consent_n do_v not_o exclude_v it_o or_o other_o casualty_n of_o the_o superiority_n except_o such_o feve_v as_o be_v grant_v the_o several_a time_n they_o be_v allow_v by_o law_n but_o a_o charter_n upon_o a_o apprize_n do_v exclude_v the_o ward_n though_o no_o infeftment_n be_v take_v thereupon_o during_o the_o vassal_n life_n as_o hope_n observe_v title_n ward_n hamiltoun_n contra_fw-la tenant_n of_o newburgh_n because_o the_o superior_n charter_n without_o seasine_n do_v import_v a_o gift_n of_o the_o casualty_n which_o may_v befall_v to_o the_o superior_a and_o he_o there_o observe_v that_o a_o ward_n be_v exclude_v by_o apprize_a and_o infeftment_n thereupon_o whereby_o the_o defunct_a be_v denude_v albeit_o it_o be_v to_o the_o behoof_n of_o his_o heir_n laird_n of_o ley_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o barro_n during_o the_o legal_a the_o superior_a or_o donatar_a as_o before_o the_o infeftment_n upon_o the_o appryse_v they_o may_v pay_v the_o appryzer_n and_o take_v his_o right_n so_o after_o they_o may_v redeem_v he_o and_o exclude_v he_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n that_o by_o apprize_a suppose_v of_o a_o great_a tenement_n for_o a_o small_a debt_n the_o superior_a shall_v be_v simple_o exclude_v and_o it_o may_v be_v upon_o design_n if_o a_o appryzer_n possess_v his_o ward_n fall_v and_o not_o the_o former_a vassal_n though_o the_o legal_a be_v not_o expire_v but_o after_o the_o ward_n be_v fall_v though_o the_o superior_a receive_v a_o appryzer_n apprize_a from_o the_o heir_n without_o protestation_n yet_o it_o be_v find_v not_o to_o prejudge_v the_o ward_n by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o former_a vassal_n july_n 9_o 1664._o hospital_n of_o glasgow_n contra_fw-la robert_n campbel_n but_o a_o superior_a be_v not_o exclude_v from_o the_o ward_n by_o his_o vassalt_n death_n because_o a_o appryzer_n have_v charge_v he_o to_o enter_v he_o during_o that_o vassal_n life_n see_v that_o charge_n can_v not_o make_v the_o apprizer_n vassal_n by_o who_o death_n ward_n will_v fall_v and_o thereby_o make_v the_o superior_a lose_v this_o casuality_n by_o the_o death_n of_o both_o the_o old_a vassal_n and_o the_o appryzer_n unless_o the_o superior_a have_v be_v in_o mora_fw-la aut_fw-la culpa_fw-la which_o be_v not_o find_v unless_o a_o year_n rend_v of_o the_o land_n or_o annualrent_a of_o the_o money_n and_o a_o charter_n be_v offer_v with_o a_o bond_n to_o pay_v what_o further_o the_o lord_n shall_v modify_v february_n 19_o 1669._o black_a contra_fw-la david_n trinch_n if_o a_o apprize_a be_v satisfy_v or_o extinct_a by_o intromission_n the_o ward-land_n apprise_v become_v in_o the_o superior_n hand_n by_o ward_n till_o the_o majority_n of_o the_o heir_n july_n 20._o 1671._o lindsay_n of_o mount_n contra_fw-la maxwel_n of_o kirkonel_n in_o which_o case_n the_o appryzer_n be_v not_o find_v oblige_v to_o restrict_n to_o his_o annualrent_n to_o the_o effect_n that_o the_o donatar_n of_o ward_n may_v have_v the_o superplus_n by_o the_o act_n of_o parl_n 1661._o cap._n 62._o betwixt_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n whereby_o there_o be_v a_o power_n give_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n to_o cause_n appryzers_n restrict_n to_o their_o annualrent_n which_o be_v only_o personal_a in_o favour_n of_o the_o debtor_n if_o he_o demand_v it_o the_o benefit_n of_o ward_n be_v also_o burden_a with_o the_o mentainance_n and_o sustentation_n of_o the_o heir_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o foresay_a act_n 1491._o cap._n 25_o whereby_o a_o reasonable_a sustentation_n according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o heritage_n be_v appoint_v to_o the_o heir_n if_o he_o have_v not_o land_n blensh_fw-mi or_o feu_fw-fr to_o sustain_v he_o and_o that_o by_o the_o superior_a and_o his_o donatar_n and_o conjunctfiar_n and_o liferenter_n of_o his_o estate_n the_o quantity_n whereof_o be_v to_o be_v modify_v by_o the_o lord_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o heir_n and_o so_o find_v not_o only_a when_o the_o heir_n have_v no_o mean_n but_o though_o he_o have_v if_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o entertain_v he_o the_o superplus_n be_v modify_v out_o of_o the_o ward-land_n and_o land_n liferent_v proportionable_o march_v 16._o 1622._o heir_n of_o miltoun_n contra_fw-la calderwood_n we_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o of_o the_o aliment_n of_o heir_n by_o ward_n superior_n or_o their_o donatar_n in_o this_o place_n but_o you_o may_v see_v it_o in_o its_o proper_a place_n title_n 27._o section_n three_o thus_o it_o appear_v in_o what_o way_n the_o casuality_n of_o ward_n be_v exclude_v burden_v or_o restrict_v be_v always_o by_o law_n or_o by_o the_o consent_n and_o deed_n of_o the_o superior_a but_o no_o private_a deed_n of_o the_o vassal_n without_o the_o superior_n consent_n or_o appointment_n of_o law_n can_v burden_v the_o fee_n when_o it_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o superior_a by_o ward_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o servitude_n introduce_v by_o the_o vassal_n as_o thirlage_n way_n and_o the_o like_a be_v not_o effectual_a against_o the_o superior_a or_o his_o donatar_n when_o the_o fee_n be_v in_o their_o hand_n unless_o such_o servitude_n be_v introduce_v by_o prescription_n of_o forty_o year_n or_o immemorial_n possession_n whereunto_o all_o party_n have_v interest_n their_o consent_n be_v presume_v and_o therefore_o in_o that_o case_n there_o be_v more_o ground_n for_o sustain_v of_o the_o servitude_n even_o against_o the_o superior_a who_o may_v at_o least_o have_v use_v civil_a interruption_n march_n set_v by_o the_o vassal_n of_o consent_n or_o by_o cognition_n whereto_o the_o superior_a be_v not_o call_v have_v no_o effect_n in_o his_o prejudice_n during_o the_o ward_n feb._n 8._o 1662._o lord_n torphichen_n contra_fw-la as_o to_z the_o personal_a debt_n of_o the_o vassal_n whether_o heritable_a or_o movable_a they_o do_v not_o affect_v the_o fee_n though_o in_o ward_n albeit_o craig_n dieges_n 20._o relate_v that_o of_o
ferm_n or_o to_o other_o service_n but_o those_o be_v fix_v to_o and_o follow_v those_o ferm_n and_o they_o be_v convey_v therewith_o such_o be_v the_o english_a villain_n but_o in_o scotland_n there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n 12._o there_o be_v former_o a_o kind_n of_o bondage_n call_v man-rent_a whereby_o free_a person_n become_v the_o man_n or_o follower_n of_o these_o who_o be_v their_o patron_n and_o defender_n and_o these_o be_v rather_o in_o clientele_n than_o in_o bondage_n but_o it_o be_v utter_o abolish_v both_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1457._o cap._n 78._o and_o by_o custom_n 13._o from_o servitude_n arise_v manumission_n and_o the_o right_n of_o patronage_n manumission_n be_v the_o dimission_n of_o servant_n and_o the_o make_n of_o they_o libertine_n whereby_o they_o become_v free_a but_o with_o remain_v thankfulness_n reverence_n and_o obsequiousness_n and_o some_o other_o duty_n and_o office_n to_o their_o former_a master_n then_o become_v their_o patron_n and_o if_o in_o these_o they_o fail_v they_o forefault_v their_o new_a acquire_v liberty_n and_o return_v to_o their_o former_a condition_n of_o servitude_n 14._o in_o these_o therefore_o stand_v the_o right_n of_o patronage_n and_o from_o this_o condition_n of_o libertine_n arise_v that_o distinction_n of_o man_n into_o these_o who_o be_v always_o free_a who_o be_v call_v ingenui_fw-la and_o in_o these_o who_o be_v bind_v who_o be_v call_v servi_fw-la and_o in_o these_o of_o a_o middle_a condition_n who_o have_v be_v slave_n become_v free_a and_o so_o be_v neither_o full_o free_a but_o have_v some_o duty_n lie_v upon_o they_o to_o their_o patron_n neither_o be_v full_o bind_v as_o servant_n 15._o the_o servant_n which_o now_o retain_v that_o name_n be_v judge_v free_a person_n and_o have_v at_o most_o but_o hire_v their_o labour_n and_o work_v to_o their_o master_n for_o a_o time_n which_o be_v a_o contract_n betwixt_o they_o of_o which_o afterward_o 16._o the_o custom_n of_o this_o nation_n have_v little_a peculiar_a in_o relation_n to_o liberty_n direct_o but_o the_o injury_n do_v against_o the_o same_o especial_o constraint_n fall_v under_o the_o consideration_n of_o delinquency_n and_o be_v so_o punish_v the_o roman_n have_v express_v law_n de_fw-fr libero_fw-la homine_fw-la exhibendo_fw-la and_o de_fw-fr privatis_fw-la carceribus_fw-la inhibendis_fw-la the_o english_a have_v their_o action_n of_o false_a imprisonment_n determine_v with_o much_o exactness_n in_o what_o case_n imprisonment_n be_v lawful_a and_o in_o what_o not_o and_o how_o remeidable_a it_o be_v also_o provide_v in_o the_o judicial_a law_n against_o stealer_n of_o man_n but_o among_o we_o as_o these_o crime_n be_v very_o rare_a so_o if_o unlawful_a restraint_n or_o unjust_a imprisonment_n shall_v fall_v out_o it_o remain_v among_o delinquency_n to_o be_v punish_v according_a to_o the_o circumstance_n and_o attrocity_n and_o according_a to_o equity_n and_o thence_o also_o a_o civil_a action_n for_o damnage_n and_o interest_n arise_v title_n iii_o of_o obligation_n 1._o personal_a right_n and_o obligation_n describe_v 2._o kind_n of_o obligation_n 3._o obediential_a obligition_n describe_v 4._o divide_v 5._o enumerat_fw-la 6._o obligation_n natural_a and_o civil_a 7._o obligation_n principal_a and_o accessary_a 8._o obligation_n pure_a conditional_a and_o to_o a_o day_n right_n personal_n or_o obligation_n be_v in_o nature_n and_o time_n for_o the_o most_o part_n anterior_a to_o and_o inductive_a of_o right_n 〈◊〉_d of_o dominion_n and_o property_n do_v therefore_o come_v under_o consideration_n next_o unto_o liberty_n 1._o the_o same_o right_a as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o creditor_n it_o be_v call_v a_o personal_a right_n but_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o debtor_n it_o be_v call_v a_o obligation_n debt_n or_o duty_n which_o be_v retain_v as_o the_o more_o proper_a name_n inst._n de_fw-fr obligationibus_fw-la in_o principio_fw-la obligation_n be_v a_o legal_a tie_n by_o which_o we_o may_v be_v necessitate_v or_o constrain_v to_o pay_v or_o perform_v something_o this_o tie_n lie_v upon_o the_o debtor_n and_o the_o power_n of_o make_v use_n of_o it_o in_o the_o creditor_n be_v the_o personal_a right_a itself_o which_o be_v a_o power_n give_v by_o the_o law_n to_o exact_v from_o person_n that_o which_o they_o be_v due_a 2._o obligation_n by_o the_o roman_n be_v distinguish_v in_o four_o kind_n in_o obligation_n ex_fw-la contractu_fw-la vel_fw-la quasi_fw-la ex_fw-la contractu_fw-la maleficiovel_n quasi_fw-la ex_fw-la malificio_fw-la which_o distinction_n insinuat_v no_o reason_n of_o the_o cause_n or_o rise_v of_o these_o distinct_a obligation_n which_o be_v requisite_a in_o a_o good_a distinct_a division_n and_o therefore_o they_o may_v be_v more_o apposite_o divide_v according_a to_o the_o principle_n or_o original_a from_o whence_o they_o flow_v in_o obligation_n obediential_a and_o by_o engagement_n or_o natural_a and_o conventional_a or_o by_o the_o will_n of_o god_n and_o by_o the_o will_n of_o man_n 3._o obediential_a obligation_n be_v these_o which_o be_v put_v upon_o man_n by_o the_o will_n of_o god_n not_o by_o their_o own_o will_n and_o so_o be_v natural_a as_o introduce_v by_o the_o law_n nature_n before_o any_o addition_n make_v thereto_o by_o engagement_n be_v 〈◊〉_d which_o we_o be_v bind_v to_o perform_v sole_o by_o our_o obedience_n to_o god_n as_o conventional_a obligation_n be_v such_o as_o we_o be_v bind_v by_o and_o through_o our_o own_o will_n engagement_n or_o consent_n 4._o obediential_a obligation_n be_v either_o by_o the_o will_n of_o god_n immediate_o or_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o some_o fact_n of_o we_o such_o be_v obligation_n by_o delinquence_n whereby_o we_o become_v bind_v to_o reparation_n and_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o party_n injure_v and_o be_v liable_a in_o punishment_n to_o god_n which_o may_v be_v exact_v by_o these_o who_o have_v his_o warrant_n for_o that_o effect_n of_o these_o obediential_a obligation_n there_o be_v some_o which_o tie_v we_o to_o god_n alone_o whereby_o there_o be_v no_o right_o constitute_v in_o man_n to_o exact_v the_o same_o as_o his_o own_o due_a or_o any_o warrant_n or_o command_v give_v he_o by_o god_n to_o exact_v they_o on_o his_o behalf_n and_o some_o though_o they_o constitute_v not_o a_o right_a in_o man_n yet_o man_n be_v command_v and_o warrant_v to_o vindicate_v they_o as_o the_o crime_n of_o witchcraft_n blasphemy_n beastiality_n and_o the_o like_a for_o which_o there_o be_v a_o express_a command_n to_o inflict_v punishment_n though_o there_o be_v no_o injury_n do_v therein_o to_o man_n of_o which_o there_o can_v be_v any_o reparation_n for_o the_o command_n thou_o shall_v not_o suffer_v a_o witch_n to_o live_v take_v place_n though_o the_o witch_n have_v commit_v no_o malifice_n against_o the_o life_n or_o good_n of_o man_n but_o these_o obligation_n be_v among_o the_o public_a right_n belong_v to_o the_o magistrate_n on_o who_o be_v devolve_v that_o authority_n to_o vindicate_v for_o god_n as_o his_o vicegerent_n we_o shall_v not_o here_o insist_v on_o they_o nor_o on_o these_o other_o obligation_n whereby_o no_o right_a of_o execution_n be_v constitute_v in_o man_n for_o vindication_n &_o quae_fw-la solum_fw-la deum_fw-la habent_fw-la ultorem_fw-la be_v only_o now_o about_o the_o private_a right_n of_o man_n such_o be_v the_o love_n and_o fear_v we_o owe_v to_o god_n and_o dependence_n on_o and_o confidence_n in_o he_o 5._o we_o shall_v therefore_o insist_v only_o on_o the_o obediential_a obligation_n that_o be_v betwixt_o husband_n and_o wife_n parent_n and_o child_n tutor_n and_o pupil_n curator_n and_o minor_n and_o the_o obligation_n of_o restitution_n and_o remuneration_n and_o the_o obligation_n of_o reparation_n of_o delinquence_n and_o damnage_n and_o then_o we_o shall_v proceed_v to_o conventional_a obligation_n 〈◊〉_d there_o be_v another_o distinction_n in_o the_o law_n of_o obligation_n viz._n natural_a and_o civil_a natural_a obligation_n be_v these_o which_o have_v a_o tie_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o do_v raise_v a_o right_n in_o the_o person_n to_o who_o they_o relate_v but_o the_o civil_a law_n or_o custom_n and_o constitution_n of_o man_n do_v not_o second_v they_o with_o legal_a remedy_n or_o execution_n but_o they_o remain_v only_o as_o bond_n upon_o the_o good_a will_n and_o honesty_n of_o these_o who_o be_v thereby_o bind_v first_o there_o be_v many_o natural_a obligation_n which_o have_v no_o civil_a effect_n either_o because_o they_o oblige_v to_o inward_a duty_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o law_n do_v not_o consider_v as_o cicero_n say_v philosophum_fw-la spectant_fw-la quae_fw-la ment_fw-la tenentur_fw-la juridicum_fw-la quae_fw-la manu_fw-la tenentur_fw-la or_o second_o because_o though_o they_o oblige_v to_o outward_a performance_n yet_o the_o manner_n and_o measure_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o discretion_n and_o arbitrament_n of_o the_o oblige_v as_o before_o have_v be_v show_v though_o that_o in_o matter_n of_o expediency_n or_o utility_n there_o be_v a_o
restore_v and_o curator_n be_v not_o simple_o liable_a for_o all_o their_o pupil_n mean_n which_o may_v be_v lose_v without_o their_o fault_n neither_o to_o do_v diligence_n in_o all_o case_n but_o where_o diligence_n may_v be_v profitable_a as_o have_v be_v say_v of_o tutor_n curatour_n be_v elect_v by_o authority_n of_o a_o judge_n can_v be_v liberate_a by_o the_o minor_n consent_n neither_o do_v a_o decreet_a against_o a_o minor_a on_o his_o consent_n liberate_a curatour_n from_o their_o office_n july_n 21._o 1664._o scot_n of_o broad-meadow_n contra_fw-la scot_n of_o thirlestoun_n 37._o curatour_n be_v appoint_v in_o the_o law_n not_o only_o for_o that_o ordinary_a levity_n and_o weakness_n incident_a to_o minority_n which_o therefore_o run_v only_o to_o twenty_o one_o year_n complete_a at_o which_o time_n by_o our_o custom_n minority_n end_v but_o also_o in_o case_n of_o know_a or_o conspicuous_a levity_n though_o after_o majoritie_n such_o be_v the_o curatour_n of_o prodigal_n to_o who_o as_o to_o furious_a person_n curatour_n be_v constitute_v their_o near_a agnat_n instead_o of_o this_o our_o custom_n have_v interdiction_n whereby_o person_n acknowledgeing_a their_o own_o weakness_n and_o levity_n and_o readiness_n to_o hurt_v themselves_o do_v therefore_o bind_v themselves_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o act_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o these_o person_n interdictor_n therein_o mention_v who_o thereby_o become_v as_o curatour_n though_o they_o be_v not_o oblige_v for_o intromission_n or_o omission_n but_o only_o to_o consent_v with_o the_o person_n interdict_a and_o for_o their_o fraud_n and_o fault_n in_o consent_v 38._o interdiction_n be_v most_o fit_o make_v judiciallie_o upon_o cognition_n of_o the_o cause_n by_o which_o after_o trial_n that_o the_o person_n crave_v to_o be_v interdict_a acknowledge_v his_o own_o lavishness_n and_o prodigality_n interdictor_n be_v appoint_v by_o the_o judge_n competent_a and_o that_o either_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o party_n himself_o or_o of_o his_o friend_n yea_o the_o lord_n ex_fw-la proprio_fw-la motu_fw-la do_v interdict_v a_o person_n who_o be_v evident_o lavish_a and_o have_v thrice_o make_v opposite_a right_n of_o the_o same_o subject_a and_o that_o incidenter_n in_o a_o other_o process_n where_o his_o levity_n do_v so_o appear_v february_n 17._o 1681._o william_n robertson_n contra_fw-la grace_n of_o shivis_n that_o this_o be_v the_o genuine_a way_n of_o interdiction_n be_v clear_a by_o the_o narrative_a of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1581._o cap._n 118._o and_o therefore_o a_o interdiction_n be_v reduce_v only_o because_o it_o be_v do_v sine_fw-la causa_fw-la cognita_fw-la hope_n interdiction_n john_n robertson_n contra_fw-la 〈…〉_z but_o there_o have_v not_o be_v a_o just_a ground_n for_o the_o interdiction_n allege_v and_o instruct_v 39_o the_o more_o ordinar_n way_n of_o interdiction_n be_v of_o consent_n whereby_o the_o person_n interdict_a acknowledge_v his_o own_o lavishness_n do_v by_o a_o write_v under_o his_o hand_n interdict_v himself_o and_o this_o be_v reduceable_a if_o the_o narrative_n be_v not_o true_a but_o the_o person_n interdict_a be_v prudent_a and_o provident_a december_n 20._o 1622._o campbel_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o glenurchy_n and_o december_n 4._o 1623._o geichan_n contra_fw-la hay_n and_o davidson_n the_o like_a think_v by_o the_o lord_n but_o come_v not_o to_o a_o decision_n february_n 12._o 1633._o forbes_n contra_fw-la forbes_n interdiction_n use_v also_o to_o be_v in_o the_o way_n of_o obligation_n not_o to_o contract_v debt_n or_o dispone_n land_n without_o consent_n of_o such_o person_n and_o inhibition_n registrate_n thereupon_o which_o be_v sustain_v though_o not_o in_o the_o ordinar_n stile_n of_o interdiction_n the_o person_n oblige_v be_v know_v unsufficient_a to_o manage_v his_o own_o affair_n through_o levity_n or_o prodigality_n november_n 10._o 1676._o stuart_n contra_fw-la hay_n of_o gourdie_n but_o a_o bond_n bear_v that_o a_o man_n shall_v not_o sell_v or_o dispone_n without_o consent_n of_o his_o wife_n on_o the_o narrative_a of_o his_o facility_n whereon_o inhibition_n be_v use_v find_v not_o to_o be_v valide_fw-la as_o a_o interdiction_n as_o inconsistent_a bind_v a_o man_n to_o the_o direction_n of_o his_o wife_n but_o that_o it_o be_v only_o valide_fw-la to_o secure_v the_o wife_n own_o interest_n by_o a_o aliment_n according_a to_o her_o quality_n as_o a_o inhibition_n february_n 27._o 1663._o laird_n of_o miltoun_n contra_fw-la lady_n miltoun_n 40._o interdiction_n must_v be_v publish_v at_o the_o mercat_n cross_n of_o the_o head_n burgh_n of_o the_o shire_n where_o the_o party_n dwell_v and_o within_o forty_o day_n after_o publication_n the_o same_o with_o the_o execution_n thereof_o must_v be_v registrate_n by_o the_o sheriff_n clerk_n of_o that_o shire_n in_o the_o register_n of_o interdiction_n and_o inhibition_n within_o the_o shire_n the_o interdiction_n must_v be_v also_o registrate_n in_o the_o register_n of_o inhibition_n of_o any_o other_o shire_n where_o the_o land_n of_o the_o interdict_a person_n lie_v otherwise_o if_o it_o be_v not_o publish_v it_o be_v absolute_o null_a and_o have_v no_o effect_n to_o land_n or_o heritable_a right_n in_o any_o other_o shire_n unless_o it_o be_v also_o registrate_n there_o parliament_z 1581._o cap._n 118._o yet_o it_o need_v not_o be_v intimate_fw-la to_o the_o party_n interdict_v decemb._n 11._o 1622._o hendry_n seatoun_n contra_fw-la mr._n alexander_n elleis_n 41._o the_o effect_n of_o interdiction_n by_o custom_n be_v retrench_v only_o to_o the_o preservation_n of_o heritable_a right_n and_o do_v not_o extend_v to_o movable_n or_o personal_a execution_n against_o the_o person_n interdict_a so_o that_o he_o may_v dispone_v his_o movable_n or_o upon_o any_o personal_a bond_n grant_v by_o he_o his_o movable_n may_v be_v poind_v arrest_v and_o make_v forthcoming_a and_o his_o person_n incarcerate_v though_o the_o stile_n of_o interdiction_n do_v express_o prohibit_v alienation_n of_o movable_n july_n 11._o 1634._o bruce_n contra_fw-la forbes_n june_n 20._o 1671._o thomas_n crawford_n contra_fw-la james_n haliburtoun_n he_o may_v thereupon_o be_v also_o denunce_v though_o thereby_o the_o liferent_a fall_n in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o heretage_n december_n 7._o and_o february_n 8._o 1610._o hay_o of_o bruntfield_n contra_fw-la his_o father_n and_o sister_n and_o december_n 21._o 1610._o lady_n broksmouth_n contra_fw-la relict_n of_o gilbert_n wauchop_n but_o it_o have_v effect_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o interdict_a person_n that_o neither_o his_o heritage_n can_v be_v affect_v upon_o any_o obligation_n grant_v by_o his_o predecessor_n after_o interdiction_n neither_o any_o personal_a execution_n by_o caption_n and_o horning_n against_o he_o as_o will_v have_v be_v against_o his_o predecessor_n but_o such_o bond_n will_v take_v effect_n against_o the_o heir_n as_o meddle_v with_o the_o heirship_n movable_n or_o other_o movable_n of_o the_o defunct_a the_o reason_n wherefore_o movable_n be_v except_v both_o from_o inhibition_n and_o interdiction_n be_v because_o they_o be_v of_o less_o moment_n and_o the_o traffic_n of_o they_o must_v be_v current_n and_o free_a and_o therefore_o these_o remeid_n be_v but_o by_o positive_a law_n and_o not_o by_o natural_a equity_n by_o which_o the_o engagement_n or_o disposition_n of_o any_o person_n have_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n be_v effectual_a though_o lavish_a positive_a law_n prohibit_v and_o void_v such_o only_a as_o to_o heretage_n as_o be_v of_o the_o great_a importance_n in_o which_o even_o a_o tack_v to_o a_o kindly_a tenant_n set_v without_o consent_n of_o the_o interdictour_n be_v find_v null_n hope_n interdict_v douglass_n contra_fw-la cranstoun_n but_o interdiction_n can_v only_o extend_v to_o land_n lie_v within_o the_o jurisdiction_n where_o it_o be_v publish_v and_o registrate_n but_o to_o no_o other_o land_n or_o movable_n february_n 11._o 1662._o david_n ramsay_n of_o torbain_n contra_fw-la mcclellan_n interdiction_n do_v not_o make_v void_a all_o posterior_n obligation_n but_o only_o such_o where_o there_o be_v lesion_n and_o therefore_o where_o there_o be_v a_o just_a and_o onerous_a cause_n the_o obligation_n or_o deed_n be_v good_a though_o without_o consent_n of_o the_o interdictour_n july_n 29._o 1624._o laird_n of_o collingtoun_n contra_fw-la hall_n november_n 10._o 1676._o stuart_n contra_fw-la hay_n of_o gourdy_n 42._o the_o remeid_v by_o interdiction_n be_v only_o by_o reduction_n and_o not_o by_o exception_n or_o suspension_n march_v 17._o 1630._o john_n sempel_n contra_fw-la doby_n january_n 22._o 1631._o hardy_n contra_fw-la mccalla_n yet_o interdiction_n be_v sustain_v by_o way_n of_o reply_n see_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi thereby_o do_v only_o delay_v himself_o february_n 18._o 1662._o robert_n lockart_n contra_fw-la william_n kennedy_n it_o be_v a_o competent_a ground_n of_o reduction_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o interdict_a person_n his_o assignays_n or_o heir_n and_o it_o be_v also_o competent_a at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o interdictour_n without_o consent_n of_o
in_o which_o case_n we_o be_v bind_v to_o restore_v to_o the_o owner_n though_o thereby_o we_o lose_v what_o we_o give_v except_o in_o some_o case_n wherein_o positive_a law_n secure_v the_o buyer_n and_o leave_v the_o owner_n to_o seek_v the_o seller_n this_o restitution_n take_v place_n notwithstanding_o any_o obligement_n in_o the_o contrair_a and_o we_o have_v a_o excellent_a species_n in_o law_n l._n bona_fw-la fide_fw-la 31._o ff_n §_o 1._o depositi_fw-la a_o robber_n depositat_fw-la with_o seius_n that_o which_o he_o spoil_v or_o rob_v from_o mevius_n to_o which_o be_v seius_n oblige_v to_o restore_v if_o he_o look_v only_o upon_o his_o engagement_n true_o to_o the_o robber_n but_o if_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n certain_o to_o mevius_n for_o the_o precept_n of_o law_n be_v to_o render_v every_o thing_n to_o the_o owner_n and_o therefore_o no_o promise_n or_o engagement_n can_v here_o prevail_v against_o the_o natural_a obligation_n of_o restitution_n because_o that_o be_v natural_a and_o indispensible_a the_o engagement_n whether_o ignorant_o or_o willing_o make_v to_o restore_v that_o which_o the_o ingager_n know_v to_o be_v another_o be_v a_o delinquence_n infer_v punishment_n for_o ingadge_v but_o no_o obligement_n to_o perform_v so_o also_o he_o who_o ignorant_o take_v in_o custody_n or_o pledge_v that_o which_o be_v his_o own_o though_o thereby_o he_o promise_v to_o restore_v it_o yet_o his_o obligation_n be_v by_o error_n in_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o contract_n make_v it_o void_a and_o he_o may_v retain_v or_o recover_v it_o as_o his_o own_o 5._o four_o thing_n recover_v from_o thief_n robber_n or_o pirate_n be_v liable_a to_o this_o obligation_n of_o restitution_n wherein_o these_o thing_n may_v be_v lawful_o detain_v for_o the_o expense_n and_o labour_n in_o recovery_n especial_o if_o the_o labour_n be_v undertake_v of_o purpose_n to_o recover_v such_o thing_n and_o if_o it_o be_v but_o by_o accident_n the_o recoverer_n project_v some_o other_o thing_n the_o satisfaction_n be_v due_a as_o a_o remuneration_n of_o the_o trouble_n and_o pain_n which_o it_o may_v have_v cost_v the_o owner_n in_o the_o recovery_n which_o with_o the_o expense_n follow_v thereon_o be_v save_v to_o he_o he_o ought_v to_o recompense_v the_o profit_n accress_v to_o he_o to_o the_o author_n thereof_o the_o doubt_n remain_v great_a whether_o what_o enemy_n have_v possess_v be_v recover_v by_o a_o nation_n or_o party_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v restore_v to_o their_o proper_a owner_n of_o that_o nation_n who_o bear_v the_o equal_a expense_n of_o the_o war_n and_o who_o be_v any_o way_n engage_v in_o that_o quarrel_n can_v but_o acknowledge_v the_o war_n of_o their_o enemy_n to_o be_v unjust_a and_o therefore_o as_o to_o these_o thing_n i_o think_v that_o equity_n will_v require_v restitution_n upon_o satisfaction_n and_o gratification_n of_o the_o favour_n receive_v which_o ought_v to_o take_v place_n unless_o by_o the_o peculiar_a custom_n of_o nation_n it_o have_v be_v otherways_o agree_v which_o may_v alter_v or_o derogat_v from_o this_o common_a law_n and_o therefore_o david_n recover_v back_o his_o wife_n and_o his_o spoill_n from_o his_o enemy_n deliver_v every_o man_n his_o own_o vid._n tit._n 12._o right_n real_a §_o 43._o 7._o five_o the_o duty_n of_o restitution_n extend_v to_o these_o thing_n quae_fw-la cadunt_fw-la in_o non_fw-la causam_fw-la which_o come_v warrantable_o to_o our_o hand_n and_o without_o any_o paction_n of_o restitution_n yet_o if_o the_o cause_n cease_v by_o which_o they_o become_v we_o there_o superveen_v the_o obligation_n of_o restitution_n of_o they_o whence_o be_v the_o condiction_n in_o law_n ob_fw-la non_fw-la causam_fw-la and_o causa_fw-la data_fw-la causa_fw-la non_fw-la secuta_fw-la which_o have_v this_o natural_a ground_n and_o of_o which_o there_o be_v innumerable_a instance_n as_o all_o thing_n that_o become_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o either_o party_n in_o contemplation_n of_o marriage_n the_o marriage_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n fail_v to_o be_v accomplish_v the_o interest_n of_o either_o party_n cease_v and_o either_o must_v restore_v 8._o but_o there_o be_v not_o the_o same_o ground_n for_o thing_n give_v for_o a_o unjust_a cause_n ob_fw-la turpem_fw-la causam_fw-la in_o which_o the_o will_n of_o the_o owner_n and_o his_o purpose_n to_o transfer_v the_o property_n be_v effectual_a though_o his_o motive_n be_v not_o good_a but_o positive_a law_n do_v sometime_o obviate_v the_o inconveniency_n by_o such_o donation_n and_o make_v they_o void_a and_o either_o to_o return_v or_o become_v caduciary_a and_o escheat_n as_o for_o these_o thing_n which_o be_v attain_v by_o force_n or_o fear_n they_o have_v their_o original_n from_o delinquence_n and_o come_v not_o under_o this_o consideration_n 9_o six_o restitution_n extend_v to_o indebite_fw-la soluta_fw-la when_o any_o party_n through_o error_n deliver_v or_o pay_v that_o which_o he_o suppose_v due_a or_o belong_v to_o a_o other_o if_o thereafter_o it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v not_o due_a to_o that_o other_o he_o who_o receive_v it_o be_v oblige_v to_o restore_v and_o yet_o not_o by_o paction_n or_o contract_n therefore_o the_o law_n call_v this_o promutuum_fw-la vel_fw-la quasi_fw-la mutuum_fw-la have_v in_o it_o the_o same_o natural_a obligation_n which_o mutuum_fw-la or_o loan_n have_v by_o voluntar_n engagement_n but_o here_o positive_a law_n for_o utility_n and_o quietness_n sake_n except_v transaction_n which_o be_v proper_o such_o and_o which_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n the_o one_o extrajudicial_a when_o in_o any_o matter_n doubtful_a and_o debateable_a either_o party_n to_o shun_v their_o hazard_n and_o trouble_v of_o a_o legal_a decision_n be_v willing_a to_o transact_v and_o agree_v so_o as_o thereby_o they_o may_v quite_o or_o abate_v part_n of_o what_o they_o claim_v as_o their_o right_n and_o so_o they_o renounce_v all_o future_a question_n upon_o any_o appear_v of_o right_n either_o judicial_o or_o extra-judicial_o and_o therefore_o what_o either_o quit_v to_o other_o of_o their_o right_n be_v due_a for_o the_o same_o cause_n and_o have_v in_o it_o either_o express_o or_o implicit_o that_o that_o transaction_n shall_v not_o be_v ransact_v upon_o any_o thing_n that_o shall_v accidental_o appear_v thereafter_o fraud_n only_o as_o the_o common_a exception_n in_o all_o humane_a action_n be_v except_v and_o therefore_o such_o thing_n though_o they_o appear_v not_o to_o be_v the_o haver_n be_v not_o to_o be_v restore_v the_o other_o transaction_n be_v judicial_a by_o litiscontestation_n when_o any_o cause_n in_o difference_n be_v put_v upon_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o party_n or_o other_o probation_n and_o particular_a diet_n for_o that_o effect_n assign_v wherein_o if_o either_o party_n fail_v he_o lose_v what_o be_v put_v thereupon_o by_o his_o implicit_a consent_n and_o when_o the_o right_a of_o any_o thing_n be_v refer_v to_o the_o haver_n oath_n and_o he_o swear_v it_o to_o be_v his_o own_o though_o thereafter_o it_o may_v be_v make_v palpable_o appear_v not_o to_o be_v so_o yet_o it_o will_v not_o be_v restore_v because_o of_o the_o owner_n reference_n imply_v that_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v stand_v to_o the_o oath_n without_o question_v right_a or_o wrong_n because_o a_o oath_n be_v a_o end_n of_o all_o controversy_n though_o the_o swearer_n may_v be_v punish_v as_o a_o wilful_a perjurer_n and_o thus_o most_o of_o thing_n that_o become_v we_o by_o sentence_n and_o decreet_n of_o judge_n be_v not_o liable_a to_o restitution_n upon_o any_o subsequent_a question_n there_o be_v this_o exception_n against_o indebite_fw-la solutum_fw-la that_o it_o can_v be_v repeat_v when_o the_o creditor_n get_v that_o which_o be_v due_a to_o he_o though_o not_o due_a by_o that_o party_n who_o pay_v the_o same_o l._n 2._o c._n de_fw-fr condictione_fw-la indebiti_fw-la l._n 44._o ff_n eodem_fw-la which_o be_v not_o find_v when_o the_o payment_n be_v make_v to_o a_o executor_n creditor_n pursue_v upon_o his_o confirmation_n and_o before_o sentence_n obtain_v payment_n from_o the_o debtor_n heir_n who_o be_v decern_v to_o refound_v upon_o a_o discharge_v of_o the_o debt_n grant_v to_o the_o defunct_a debtor_n whereby_o it_o appear_v the_o debt_n be_v not_o true_o due_a but_o twice_o pay_v january_n 10._o 1673._o sir_n james_n ramsay_n contra_fw-la robertson_n 10._o under_o restitution_n do_v fall_v not_o only_o the_o thing_n of_o other_o but_o their_o natural_a birth_n and_o fruit_n extant_a not_o consume_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la which_o be_v account_v as_o part_n of_o the_o thing_n be_v accessary_a thereto_o and_o belong_v to_o the_o same_o owner_n but_o industrial_a and_o artificial_a profit_n in_o so_o far_o as_o such_o as_o arise_v from_o the_o haver_n industry_n and_o not_o from_o the_o thing_n fall_v not_o under_o restitution_n if_o separate_a 11._o in_o all_o these_o the_o obligation_n of_o restitution_n be_v formal_o found_v upon_o the_o have_v of_o thing_n
competent_a to_o a_o cautioner_n who_o in_o a_o new_a bond_n of_o corroboration_n have_v engage_v for_o the_o debt_n with_o the_o principal_a and_o that_o against_o the_o cautioner_n in_o the_o first_o bond_n though_o he_o have_v no_o assignation_n to_o the_o clause_n of_o relief_n grant_v to_o the_o first_o cautioner_n spot_n cautioner_n lubra_n contra_fw-la david_n vauns_n the_o same_o must_v hold_v in_o contutor_n co-curators_a and_o wherever_o more_o debtor_n be_v liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la for_o the_o same_o debt_n or_o deed_n title_n ix_o reparation_n where_o of_o delinquence_n and_o damnage_n thence_o arise_v 1._o the_o obligation_n of_o reparation_n of_o damnage_n by_o delinquence_n a_o natural_a obligation_n 2._o delinquence_n infer_v the_o obligation_n of_o punishment_n and_o reparation_n of_o the_o injure_v 3._o damnage_n describe_v 4._o kind_n of_o delinquence_n 5._o concurrer_n in_o delinquence_n how_o liable_a 6._o special_a kind_n of_o delinquence_n by_o our_o custom_n 7._o assythment_n 8._o extertion_n vi_fw-la majori_fw-la &_o metus_fw-la causa_fw-la 9_o circumvention_n by_o fraud_n dolo_fw-la malo_fw-la 10._o the_o edict_n de_fw-fr dolo_fw-la malo_fw-la 11._o circumvention_n rare_o infer_v by_o witness_n 12._o simulation_n 13._o collusion_n 14._o the_o effect_n of_o fraud_n as_o to_o the_o party_n contract_n 15._o deed_n do_v in_o fraudem_fw-la creditorum_fw-la contrair_a the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1621._o anent_o bankrupt_n 16._o the_o nature_n of_o spuilzie_n 17._o the_o title_n of_o possession_n 18._o oath_n in_o litem_fw-la in_o spulzy_n 19_o spuilzie_n eleided_a by_o any_o colourable_a title_n warrant_v or_o bona_fw-la side_n 20._o spulzie_a eleided_a by_o voluntar_n delivery_n 21._o by_o lawful_a poynd_n 22._o reply_v against_o poind_v 23._o spuilzie_n eleided_a by_o restitution_n within_o twenty_o four_o hour_n 24._o prescription_n of_o spuilzy_n 25._o intrusion_n and_o ejection_n describe_v and_o distinguisb_v 26._o ejection_n proper_a to_o the_o natural_a possessor_n 27._o exception_n against_o ejection_n 28._o mollestation_n 29._o breach_n of_o arrestment_n and_o deforcement_n 30._o contravention_n among_o obligation_n obediential_a we_o have_v place_v these_o which_o be_v by_o delinquence_n because_o they_o arise_v without_o any_o convention_n consent_n or_o contract_n either_o particular_o or_o by_o virtue_n of_o any_o positive_a law_n and_o therefore_o they_o must_v needs_o have_v their_o original_a from_o the_o authority_n and_o will_n of_o god_n and_o of_o our_o obedience_n due_a thereto_o for_o though_o they_o do_v proceed_v from_o our_o fact_n and_o from_o our_o will_n whence_o that_o fact_n be_v voluntary_o commit_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o from_o our_o contract_n will_n and_o therefore_o these_o obligation_n do_v not_o receive_v their_o measure_n or_o extent_n by_o our_o will_n 1._o that_o obligation_n of_o delinquence_n be_v introduce_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o suffrage_n of_o all_o man_n and_o all_o nation_n will_v evince_v who_o do_v every_o where_o acknowledge_v the_o reparation_n of_o damnage_n and_o punishment_n of_o crime_n and_o injury_n as_o have_v by_o nature_n a_o clear_a evidence_n and_o sharp_a sense_n thereof_o and_o thereupon_o can_v without_o reluctancy_n concur_v with_o the_o magistrate_n in_o the_o punishment_n of_o citizen_n and_o of_o enemy_n by_o the_o sword_n but_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v how_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v perpetual_a and_o have_v place_n chief_o in_o innocency_n can_v prescribe_v any_o thing_n in_o relation_n to_o delinquency_n or_o malifice_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o that_o condition_n this_o will_v be_v easy_o clear_v if_o it_o be_v consider_v that_o though_o man_n be_v make_v in_o the_o state_n of_o innocency_n yet_o have_v he_o a_o natural_a instability_n for_o which_o god_n do_v warn_v and_o arm_v he_o and_o though_o the_o principal_a and_o direct_a law_n of_o nature_n do_v teach_v man_n to_o love_v his_o neighbour_n as_o himself_o yet_o he_o can_v not_o but_o by_o consequence_n know_v though_o he_o have_v stand_v in_o innocency_n as_o do_v the_o angel_n that_o any_o who_o act_v against_o that_o royal_a law_n of_o love_n by_o do_v evil_a to_o his_o neighbour_n and_o take_v away_o from_o he_o that_o which_o be_v he_o aught_o to_o repair_v he_o and_o to_o be_v liable_a to_o divine_a justice_n which_o be_v that_o certification_n which_o god_n put_v upon_o his_o natural_a law_n as_o he_o do_v more_o express_o upon_o the_o forbid_a fruit_n morte_fw-la morieris_fw-la 2._o a_o obligation_n of_o delinquence_n be_v then_o that_o whereunto_o injury_n or_o malifice_n do_v oblige_v as_o the_o meritorious_a cause_n thereof_o as_o the_o will_n of_o god_n thereupon_o be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n and_o it_o be_v twofold_a either_o that_o which_o relate_v to_o god_n or_o that_o which_o relate_v to_o man_n the_o former_a be_v the_o obligation_n of_o punishment_n pain_n or_o penalty_n for_o unto_o god_n there_o can_v proper_o no_o reparation_n be_v make_v by_o the_o creature_n who_o duty_n and_o service_n be_v due_a to_o he_o so_o that_o to_o he_o the_o creature_n be_v oblige_v to_o underly_a the_o punishment_n in_o reference_n to_o man_n be_v the_o obligation_n of_o repair_v his_o damnage_n put_v he_o in_o as_o good_a condition_n as_o he_o be_v in_o before_o the_o injury_n and_o this_o only_o be_v man_n part_n for_o himself_o for_o the_o inflict_a of_o punishment_n be_v for_o god_n in_o so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v authorize_v or_o allow_v by_o he_o but_o it_o be_v not_o for_o or_o from_o man_n of_o himself_o revenge_n be_v i_o and_o i_o will_v repay_v say_v the_o lord_n for_o as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o a_o obligation_n in_o the_o debtor_n have_v a_o correspondent_a power_n of_o exaction_n in_o the_o creditor_n which_o be_v the_o personal_a right_n so_o in_o delinquence_n the_o power_n of_o exaction_n of_o reparation_n of_o his_o damnage_n be_v man_n for_o himself_o but_o the_o power_n of_o exact_v punishment_n be_v in_o god_n and_o as_o for_o he_o or_o 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d to_o man_n it_o be_v but_o a_o ministerial_a power_n and_o not_o dispensible_a at_o 〈◊〉_d pleasure_n and_o have_v a_o obligation_n whereby_o man_n 〈◊〉_d bind_v to_o god_n for_o do_v his_o duty_n therein_o though_o positive_a law_n and_o 〈◊〉_d of_o 〈◊〉_d and_o in_o some_o thing_n the_o positive_a law_n of_o god_n itself_o may_v 〈◊〉_d a_o 〈◊〉_d and_o employ_v it_o for_o the_o proper_a use_n of_o the_o injure_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o a_o proper_a punishment_n that_o have_v its_o force_n by_o paction_n or_o positive_a law_n and_o nor_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o obligation_n to_o punishment_n arise_v from_o 〈◊〉_d and_o man_n power_n and_o duty_n to_o inflict_v the_o same_o be_v a_o public_a right_n which_o though_o natural_o do_v concern_v every_o man_n yet_o it_o be_v now_o with_o divine_a approbation_n for_o most_o part_n devolve_v upon_o public_a authority_n which_o be_v say_v rom._n 13._o 〈◊〉_d 3_o 4._o to_o be_v a_o terror_n to_o evil_a doer_n and_o not_o to_o bear_v the_o sword_n in_o vain_a for_o be_v 〈◊〉_d the_o minister_n of_o god_n a_o revenger_n to_o execute_v wrath_n upon_o he_o that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o which_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o magistrate_n as_o he_o execute_v revenge_n do_v 〈◊〉_d not_o of_o or_o for_o himself_o nor_o for_o or_o from_o the_o people_n as_o their_o proper_a right_n or_o power_n of_o exaction_n but_o therein_o as_o he_o be_v the_o minister_n of_o god_n he_o do_v 〈◊〉_d for_o and_o from_o god_n even_o though_o his_o authority_n and_o commission_n be_v not_o immediate_o from_o god_n but_o from_o man_n yet_o he_o stand_v in_o the_o place_n of_o these_o man_n to_o god_n to_o execute_v that_o revenge_n which_o they_o themselves_o be_v natural_o oblige_v unto_o but_o how_o far_o man_n natural_a duty_n or_o the_o magistrate_n in_o the_o punishment_n of_o crime_n reach_v the_o line_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v become_v dark_a in_o many_o point_n it_o be_v manifest_a and_o agree_v by_o all_o that_o though_o in_o all_o damnage_n do_v to_o man_n there_o be_v also_o punishment_n which_o may_v be_v inflict_v by_o god_n yet_o where_o the_o matter_n be_v chief_o man_n interest_n and_o so_o repairable_a to_o he_o none_o will_v think_v that_o it_o be_v a_o duty_n in_o all_o of_o these_o case_n to_o inflict_v vengeance_n on_o such_o neither_o do_v any_o own_o a_o power_n and_o necessity_n to_o inflict_v punishment_n for_o man_n spiritual_a delinquence_n stand_v in_o his_o mind_n and_o affection_n as_o for_o want_v of_o love_n and_o confidence_n hope_n etc._n etc._n in_o something_n also_o the_o power_n of_o punishment_n be_v no_o less_o evident_a even_o when_o there_o can_v be_v no_o reparation_n to_o man_n as_o in_o that_o general_a precept_n of_o equal_a crime_n and_o punishment_n life_n for_o life_n eye_n for_o eye_n tooth_n for_o tooth_n etc._n etc._n but_o
law_n for_o such_o till_o the_o edict_n of_o the_o praetor_n quod_fw-la metus_fw-la causa_fw-la gestum_fw-la erat_fw-la ratum_fw-la non_fw-la habebo_fw-la l._n 1._o ff_n quod_fw-la metus_fw-la causa_fw-la but_o by_o that_o edict_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o this_o and_o other_o nation_n such_o deed_n and_o obligation_n as_o be_v by_o force_n and_o fear_n be_v make_v utter_o void_a though_o in_o equity_n the_o effect_n almost_o will_v be_v the_o same_o for_o see_v the_o delinquence_n do_v by_o extortion_n oblige_v to_o reparation_n if_o any_o shall_v be_v pursue_v upon_o a_o extort_a obligation_n he_o will_v have_v the_o exception_n of_o compensation_n upon_o the_o obligement_n of_o reparation_n and_o so_o may_v also_o by_o action_n obtain_v such_o obligation_n or_o other_o right_a to_o be_v annul_v this_o edict_n be_v not_o competent_a upon_o every_o force_n or_o fear_n but_o first_o it_o behove_v to_o be_v unlawful_a l._n 3._o §_o 1._o ff_n quod_fw-la metus_fw-la causa_fw-la second_o such_o as_o may_v befall_v a_o constant_a man_n as_o of_o life_n l._n 6_o 7_o 8_o 9_o ff_n l._n 9_o c._n eodem_fw-la or_o torment_v of_o the_o body_n l._n 4._o c._n eodem_fw-la or_o of_o bondage_n l._n 8._o §_o 1._o ff_n eodem_fw-la or_o the_o loss_n of_o estate_n l._n 9_o ff_n quod_fw-la metus_fw-la causa_fw-la or_o infamy_n or_o disgrace_n l._n 8._o §_o 2._o ff_n eodem_fw-la or_o of_o bond_n and_o prison_n l._n 22._o ff_n eodem_fw-la but_o only_o unlawful_a and_o private_a and_o not_o public_a imprisonment_n l._n 3._o §_o 1._o ff_n eodem_fw-la it_o be_v not_o competent_a upon_o reverential_a fear_n l._n 8._o ff_n l._n 6._o c._n eodem_fw-la nor_o upon_o fear_n contract_v upon_o power_n and_o dignity_n d._n l._n 6._o nor_o of_o threat_n l._n 9_o c._n eodem_fw-la except_o they_o be_v from_o powerful_a person_n l._n 23._o §_o 1._o quod_fw-la metus_fw-la causa_fw-la the_o effect_n of_o the_o edict_n be_v be_v pursue_v within_o a_o year_n unless_o reparation_n be_v make_v before_o sentence_n the_o party_n be_v condemn_v in_o the_o quadruple_a and_o the_o penalty_n be_v triple_a and_o apply_v to_o the_o injure_v and_o after_o the_o year_n simple_a reparation_n l._n 14._o §_o 1._o ff_n eodem_fw-la our_o custom_n go_v much_o along_o with_o the_o course_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o this_o but_o so_o as_o not_o bind_v thereby_o respect_v most_o when_o the_o true_a reciprocal_a cause_n of_o the_o obligation_n or_o deed_n be_v force_n or_o fear_v not_o be_v vain_a or_o foolish_a fear_n and_o it_o be_v competent_a ordinary_o by_o way_n of_o action_n or_o sometime_o by_o exception_n spot_n exception_n tenant_n of_o cockburns-path_n contra_fw-la the_o earl_n of_o home_n it_o be_v eleided_a by_o a_o judicial_a ratification_n of_o the_o deed_n upon_o oath_n july_n 4._o 1642._o agnes_n graham_n contra_fw-la anthony_n balvaird_n extortion_n be_v more_o easy_o sustain_v in_o deed_n of_o weak_a person_n and_o therefore_o extortion_n be_v find_v relevant_a to_o reduce_v a_o disposition_n by_o a_o facile_a weak_a person_n who_o be_v apprehend_v by_o the_o purchaser_n upon_o a_o caption_n of_o a_o three_o party_n and_o detain_v by_o his_o servant_n and_o officer_n and_o not_o by_o messenger_n and_o keep_v latent_fw-la in_o obscure_a house_n and_o carry_v from_o place_n to_o place_n in_o the_o night_n till_o he_o subscribe_v a_o disposition_n of_o his_o whole_a estate_n for_o a_o cause_n not_o near_o the_o three_o of_o its_o value_n albeit_o there_o be_v produce_v a_o cancel_v minute_n to_o the_o same_o effect_n with_o the_o disposition_n in_o question_n wherein_o the_o two_o actor_n of_o the_o force_n be_v witness_n insert_v but_o the_o disponer_n name_n nor_o no_o part_n of_o it_o be_v to_o be_v see_v but_o a_o lacerate_v place_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v cancel_v without_o any_o anterior_a adminicle_n to_o astruct_v the_o truth_n of_o it_o january_n 10._o 1677._o sir_n archibald_n stuart_n of_o castlemilk_n contra_fw-la sir_n john_n whitefoord_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o hamiltoun_n extortion_n fall_v most_o to_o be_v controvert_v in_o deed_n do_v by_o wife_n and_o therefore_o when_o the_o deed_n be_v extreme_o to_o their_o prejudice_n and_o to_o the_o behoof_n of_o their_o husband_n it_o be_v presume_v as_o do_v ex_fw-la reverentia_fw-la maritali_fw-la thus_o a_o wife_n discharge_v of_o her_o whole_a contract_n be_v find_v null_n without_o allege_v any_o compulsion_n january_n 9_o 1623._o marshel_n contra_fw-la marshel_n but_o ordinary_o marital_a reverence_n be_v not_o sufficient_a though_o the_o husband_n be_v vir_fw-la foerox_n and_o be_v thereafter_o divorce_v hope_n husband_n and_o wife_n hepburn_n contra_fw-la nasmith_n in_o the_o case_n of_o wife_n disposition_n or_o consent_v to_o their_o husband_n disposition_n it_o be_v find_v relevant_a to_o reduce_v the_o same_o that_o the_o wife_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o subscribe_v before_o the_o witness_n declare_v that_o she_o be_v compel_v provide_v that_o a_o three_o party_n a_o stranger_n to_o the_o husband_n fault_n be_v restore_v nicol._n de_o his_o quae_fw-la vi_fw-la lady_n cockpen_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o conheath_n it_o be_v also_o find_v relevant_a to_o reduce_v a_o wife_n consent_n to_o her_o husband_n disposition_n because_o before_o he_o have_v beat_v menace_v and_o extrude_v she_o for_o not_o consent_v but_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o wife_n appear_v well_o content_a at_o the_o subscription_n witness_n be_v examine_v hinc_fw-la inde_fw-la ex_fw-la officio_fw-la for_o trial_n of_o the_o truth_n june_n 27._o 1632._o cassie_n contra_fw-la fleming_n but_o where_o a_o husband_n be_v prove_v to_o be_v vir_fw-la foerox_n and_o that_o he_o do_v threaten_v his_o wife_n to_o do_v the_o deed_n in_o question_n and_o that_o she_o appear_v to_o the_o witness_n unwilling_a the_o time_n of_o the_o subscription_n it_o be_v find_v relevant_a june_n 24._o 1664._o woodhead_n contra_fw-la barbara_n nairn_n but_o a_o wife_n subscribe_v her_o husband_n testament_n contain_v provision_n prejudicial_a to_o her_o contract_n of_o marriage_n be_v not_o repone_v as_o have_v do_v it_o ex_fw-la reverentia_fw-la maritali_fw-la at_o her_o husband_n desire_n who_o be_v moribundus_fw-la he_o have_v lie_v long_o sick_a and_o she_o have_v marry_v within_o a_o year_n thereafter_o and_o the_o deed_n do_v to_o her_o only_a daughter_n january_n 24._o 1674._o marjory_n murray_n and_o michael_n jaffray_n contra_fw-la isobel_n murray_n upon_o the_o like_a ground_n extortion_n will_v be_v the_o more_o easy_o presume_v and_o sustain_v in_o the_o deed_n of_o the_o person_n who_o be_v weak_a and_o infirm_a of_o judgement_n or_o courage_n then_o of_o these_o who_o be_v know_v and_o confident_a and_o more_o easy_o in_o deed_n and_o obligation_n gratuitous_a and_o free_a then_o in_o such_o as_o be_v for_o a_o onerous_a cause_n which_o will_v not_o easy_o be_v annul_v unless_o manifest_a lesion_n do_v appear_v or_o that_o the_o compulsion_n be_v very_o evident_a yet_o the_o resignation_n of_o the_o earldom_n of_o mortoun_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o king_n james_n the_o five_o be_v reduce_v because_o the_o resigner_n be_v then_o imprison_v by_o the_o king_n without_o any_o visible_a cause_n and_o be_v discharge_v the_o same_o day_n he_o make_v the_o resignation_n sinclar_n april_n 12._o 1543._o earl_n of_o mortoun_n contra_fw-la the_o queen_n metus_fw-la be_v sustain_v to_o reduce_v a_o bond_n grant_v by_o a_o party_n because_o he_o be_v take_v by_o caption_n be_v sick_a january_n 22._o 1667._o mr._n john_n mair_n contra_fw-la stuart_n of_o shambelly_n it_o be_v also_o sustain_v to_o reduce_v a_o bond_n grant_v by_o two_o son_n for_o free_v their_o father_n who_o be_v take_v by_o a_o caption_n though_o the_o charge_n be_v suspend_v he_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o hill_n and_o menace_v on_o his_o life_n though_o the_o son_n get_v abatement_n and_o so_o there_o appear_v a_o transaction_n december_n 8._o 1671._o mcnish_n contra_fw-la spalding_n and_o farquherson_n 9_o circumvention_n signify_v the_o act_n of_o fraud_n whereby_o a_o person_n be_v induce_v to_o a_o deed_n or_o obligation_n by_o deceit_n it_o be_v call_v dolus_fw-la malus_fw-la and_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o obligation_n or_o deed_n and_o so_o not_o be_v know_v to_o the_o party_n induce_v before_o it_o can_v have_v any_o legal_a effect_n for_o he_o who_o know_v the_o snare_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v ensnare_v but_o to_o ensnare_v himself_o and_o though_o deceit_n be_v use_v yet_o where_o it_o be_v not_o deceit_n that_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o obligation_n or_o deed_n but_o the_o party_n proper_a motion_n inclination_n or_o a_o equivalent_a cause_n onerous_a it_o infer_v not_o circumvention_n so_o neither_o do_v error_n nor_o mistake_v though_o it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o obligation_n or_o deed_n and_o be_v very_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o err_a party_n and_o though_o if_o it_o
be_v because_o it_o can_v hardly_o be_v determine_v that_o the_o right_n of_o property_n be_v in_o either_o the_o superior_a or_o vassal_n alone_o so_o that_o the_o other_o shall_v only_o have_v a_o servitude_n upon_o it_o though_o some_o have_v think_v superiority_n but_o a_o servitude_n the_o property_n be_v in_o the_o vassal_n and_o other_o have_v think_v the_o fee_n itself_o to_o be_v but_o a_o servitude_n to_o wit_n the_o perpetual_a use_n and_o fruit_n yet_o the_o reconciliation_n and_o satisfaction_n of_o both_o have_v be_v well_o find_v out_o in_o this_o distinction_n whereby_o neither_o interest_n be_v call_v a_o servitude_n but_o by_o the_o resemblance_n of_o the_o distinction_n in_o law_n betwixt_o jura_fw-la &_o actiones_fw-la directae_fw-la and_o these_o which_o for_o resemblance_n be_v reductive_a thereto_o and_o therefore_o call_v utiles_fw-la 8._o the_o superior_n right_o be_v call_v dominium_fw-la directum_fw-la and_o the_o vassal_n utile_fw-la and_o without_o these_o the_o right_n can_v consist_v second_o as_o there_o must_v be_v a_o right_a in_o the_o superior_a and_o another_o in_o the_o vassal_n so_o the_o vassal_n in_o his_o right_n must_v necessary_o hold_v of_o and_o acknowledge_v the_o superious_a as_o have_v the_o direct_a right_n in_o the_o fee_n otherways_o the_o two_o distinct_a right_n without_o this_o subordination_n will_v make_v but_o two_o partial_a allodial_a right_n three_o there_o be_v necessary_o employ_v in_o fee_n some_o rent_n or_o return_v to_o the_o superior_a for_o the_o fee_n which_o may_v be_v either_o service_n money_n or_o other_o fungible_a or_o prayer_n and_o supplication_n as_o in_o fee_n mortify_v to_o the_o kirk_n or_o other_o performance_n or_o at_o least_o the_o vassal_n fidelity_n to_o the_o superior_a imply_v not_o only_o negative_a that_o he_o may_v not_o wrong_v the_o superior_a but_o positive_a that_o he_o must_v reveal_v to_o his_o superior_a any_o design_n against_o his_o life_n or_o fame_n 9_o which_o fidelity_n though_o it_o be_v not_o express_v yet_o it_o be_v necessary_o import_v in_o all_o kind_n of_o fee_n and_o can_v be_v take_v away_o by_o any_o paction_n to_o the_o contrary_a without_o destroy_v the_o very_a nature_n of_o this_o right_n 10._o to_o come_v now_o to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o property_n of_o land_n in_o fee_n and_o heretage_n the_o feudal_n contract_n be_v of_o itself_o alienative_a as_o loan_n sale_n exchange_n and_o the_o contract_n in_o law_n eall_v do_v ut_fw-mi des_fw-fr and_o do_v ut_fw-la facias_fw-la of_o which_o two_o last_n the_o feudal_n contract_n be_v a_o kind_n see_v thereby_o land_n or_o other_o immovable_a be_v give_v for_o give_v or_o do_v something_o therefore_o as_o in_o other_o so_o in_o it_o the_o will_n of_o the_o owner_n must_v constitute_v the_o right_n in_o the_o vassal_n and_o see_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o nation_n some_o kind_n of_o possession_n be_v necessary_a to_o constitute_v or_o transfer_v property_n the_o superior_n delivery_n of_o possession_n to_o the_o vassal_n or_o acknowledgement_n and_o approbation_n thereof_o in_o the_o vassal_n to_o be_v hold_v by_o he_o in_o fee_n be_v sufficient_a to_o constitute_v and_o perfect_v the_o fee_n 11._o and_o therefore_o in_o the_o udal_n right_o of_o land_n in_o orknay_n and_o zetland_n whereby_o without_o any_o infeftment_n investiture_n or_o other_o right_a or_o write_v they_o enjoy_v land_n and_o hereditament_n it_o suffice_v they_o to_o instruct_v by_o witness_n that_o they_o have_v possess_v as_o be_v hold_v and_o repute_v heritable_a possessor_n of_o such_o land_n but_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o scotland_n have_v as_o in_o all_o other_o place_n necessary_o require_v write_v not_o only_o for_o evidence_n of_o the_o constitution_n of_o this_o right_n but_o as_o solemnity_n for_o the_o perfect_a and_o solemnize_n thereof_o without_o which_o it_o become_v not_o a_o complete_a real_a right_n of_o the_o ground_n except_o where_o such_o write_v have_v be_v destroy_v or_o lose_v in_o time_n of_o trouble_n and_o then_o prove_v the_o tenor_n of_o they_o must_v be_v use_v or_o in_o some_o case_n the_o heretor_fw-la may_v be_v cognosce_v by_o a_o inquest_n as_o heritable_a possessor_n but_o ordinary_o write_v be_v requisite_a which_o write_v be_v call_v a_o infeftment_n or_o a_o investiture_n 12._o infeftment_n or_o infeudatio_fw-la signify_v the_o right_a constitutive_a of_o a_o fee_n as_o its_o etymon_n indicate_v so_o also_o investiture_n be_v the_o same_o more_o metaphorical_o as_o we_o be_v say_v to_o be_v invest_v or_o endue_v with_o any_o right_n as_o man_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o garment_n or_o cloak_n and_o denude_v and_o divest_v thereof_o when_o it_o be_v extinct_a or_o transmit_v so_o both_o infeftment_n and_o investiture_n signify_v the_o write_v which_o be_v evident_n signify_v the_o act_n constitute_v the_o fee_n and_o these_o be_v two_o the_o dispositive_a will_n of_o the_o superior_a and_o his_o delivery_n of_o possession_n by_o himself_o or_o his_o procurator_n in_o his_o name_n 13._o of_o a_o long_a time_n infeftment_n have_v require_v write_v as_o a_o necessary_a solemnity_n not_o only_o as_o a_o mean_a of_o probation_n that_o the_o superior_a do_v true_o dispone_v to_o the_o vassal_n any_o immovable_a in_o fee_n and_o heretage_n and_o that_o according_o the_o vassal_n attain_v possession_n natural_a civil_a or_o symbolical_a for_o if_o write_v be_v adhibite_fw-la only_o for_o probation_n other_o probation_n may_v also_o be_v admit_v not_o only_o against_o the_o superior_a or_o his_o heir_n by_o their_o write_n or_o oath_n but_o even_o against_o their_o singular_a successor_n or_o other_o competitor_n by_o who_o oath_n of_o knowledge_n or_o write_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o infeftment_n and_o of_o these_o two_o necessary_a act_n to_o constitute_v a_o fee_n may_v be_v prove_v and_o albeit_o the_o superior_n oath_n will_v not_o prove_v against_o a_o singular_a successor_n yet_o his_o write_n anterior_a to_o that_o singular_a successor_n right_o acknowledge_v that_o he_o have_v at_o such_o a_o time_n invest_v such_o a_o person_n as_o his_o vassal_n and_o enter_v he_o in_o possession_n which_o will_v prove_v against_o his_o assignee_n yet_o neither_o of_o these_o way_n will_v constitute_v a_o fee_n and_o supply_v a_o write_a infeftment_n except_o where_o the_o peculiar_a custom_n of_o fee_n without_o write_n have_v be_v immemorial_n and_o therefore_o sustain_v as_o sufficient_a and_o albeit_o it_o be_v provide_v by_o ancient_a statute_n that_o the_o heritable_a possessor_n of_o land_n may_v be_v cognosce_v by_o inquest_n yet_o that_o be_v only_o upon_o consideration_n of_o calamity_n and_o war_n whereby_o write_v be_v destroy_v and_o where_o no_o competition_n be_v by_o any_o pretend_v a_o write_a infeftment_n and_o possession_n conform_v but_o the_o question_n be_v only_o betwixt_o the_o superior_a and_o his_o vassal_n who_o with_o his_o predecessor_n have_v be_v in_o immemorial_n possession_n as_o be_v hold_v and_o repute_v heritable_a possessor_n by_o perform_v the_o deed_n proper_a to_o vassal_n of_o such_o land_n and_o so_o hold_v and_o repute_v as_o heritable_a possessor_n by_o the_o neighbourhood_n which_o i_o have_v not_o hear_v to_o take_v effect_n but_o as_o to_o the_o king_n immediate_a vassal_n who_o claim_v property_n in_o no_o land_n as_o supreme_a superior_a but_o what_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n or_o whereof_o the_o property_n be_v acquire_v to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o casualty_n of_o his_o superiority_n or_o by_o acquisition_n from_o other_o proprietar_n and_o therefore_o he_o do_v never_o exclude_v the_o ancient_a heritable_a possessor_n though_o they_o have_v lose_v their_o right_n by_o public_a calamity_n wherein_o not_o only_a adminicle_n in_o write_n but_o the_o testimony_n of_o witness_n above_o exception_n be_v receive_v whereby_o if_o the_o right_o be_v not_o prove_v to_o be_v blench_v or_o feu_n by_o the_o exchequer_n roll_n which_o bear_v all_o the_o king_n property_n and_o the_o reddendo'_v thereof_o or_o by_o eque_n make_v in_o exchequer_n the_o fee_n will_v be_v hold_v ward_n and_o according_a to_o the_o probation_n and_o verdict_n of_o the_o inquest_n charter_n will_v be_v grant_v by_o the_o king_n in_o exchequer_n and_o there_o scarce_o can_v be_v pretendedany_n fee_fw-mi which_o have_v not_o be_v already_o establish_v by_o write_v 14._o the_o write_v requisite_a to_o constitute_v a_o fee_n must_v contain_v the_o present_a dispositive_a act_n of_o the_o superior_a by_o which_o he_o dispon_n to_o the_o vassal_n and_o his_o heir_n the_o fee_n in_o whatsoever_o term_n he_o express_v it_o as_o if_o he_o gift_n grant_v alienat_fw-la sell_v or_o dispone_v though_o the_o several_a term_n express_v may_v import_v a_o different_a title_n and_o warrandice_n yea_o albeit_o no_o cause_n or_o title_n be_v express_v or_o employ_v but_o only_o that_o the_o superior_a dispon_n or_o though_o the_o cause_n or_o title_n insinuat_fw-la be_v not_o true_a yet_o
in_o the_o superior_n hand_n but_o if_o within_o the_o half_a they_o be_v not_o null_a as_o to_o the_o vassal_n but_o be_v null_a as_o to_o the_o superior_a and_o exclude_v he_o from_o no_o casualty_n of_o his_o superiority_n as_o ward_n etc._n etc._n but_o as_o the_o half_n may_v be_v sub-sett_a so_o any_o other_o right_o less_o than_o the_o value_n of_o the_o half_a be_v sustain_v as_o a_o infeftment_n of_o warrandice_n march_v 6._o 1611._o cathcart_n contra_fw-la campbel_n the_o like_a hold_n of_o infeftment_n of_o liferent_a but_o if_o the_o disposition_n or_o infeftment_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o vassal_n appearand_a heir_n in_o linea_fw-la recta_fw-la it_o infer_v not_o recognition_n be-because_a the_o superior_a be_v not_o prejudge_v by_o change_n of_o his_o vassal_n but_o recognition_n be_v find_v incur_v by_o a_o disposition_n and_o infeftment_n to_o the_o vassal_n brother_n though_o his_o appearand_a heir_n for_o the_o time_n see_v there_o remain_v hope_n of_o issue_n in_o the_o disponer_n and_o so_o his_o brother_n be_v not_o alioqui_fw-la successurus_fw-la spot_n recognition_n advocate_n and_o his_o son_n contra_fw-la the_o earl_n of_o cassils_n and_o collane_n feus_n of_o ward-land_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n ward-vassal_n after_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1457._o and_o before_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1633._o be_v find_v not_o only_o to_o be_v free_a from_o the_o ward-liferent-escheat_n or_o recognition_n of_o the_o king_n vassal_n but_o also_o that_o the_o sub-vassal_n feu_n do_v not_o fall_v by_o his_o superior_a the_o king_n vassal_n forefaulture_n because_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n express_v a_o confirmation_n of_o such_o feus_n which_o therefore_o need_v not_o be_v pass_v in_o exchequer_n without_o which_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o ward_n and_o nonentry_n be_v exclude_v and_o by_o a_o confirmation_n in_o exchequer_n forefaulture_n will_v be_v exclude_v without_o question_n even_o after_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1633._o and_o therefore_o the_o ratification_n and_o approbation_n of_o feus_n by_o the_o act_n 1457._o when_o it_o be_v in_o vigour_n must_v also_o secure_v against_o forefaulture_n of_o the_o grant_a of_o the_o feu_n as_o be_v find_v february_n 12._o 1674._o and_o january_n 23._o 1680._o marquess_z of_o huntly_n contra_fw-la gordoun_n of_o cairnborrow_n who_o feu_n be_v grant_v after_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1457._o and_o before_o the_o act_n 1606._o be_v sustain_v against_o a_o donatar_n of_o his_o superior_n forefaulture_n the_o like_a though_o the_o feu_n be_v renew_v upon_o resignation_n in_o favorem_fw-la not_o be_v ad_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la november_n 16._o 1680._o campbel_n of_o silver-craigs_a contra_fw-la laird_n of_o achinbreck_n and_o earl_n of_o argyle_n 33._o infeftment_n blensh_fw-mi be_v such_o who_o reddendo_fw-la be_v a_o small_a elusory_a rent_n as_o be_v rather_o a_o acknowledgement_n of_o then_o prosite_a to_o the_o superior_a and_o therefore_o ordinary_o it_o bear_v si_fw-la petatur_fw-la tantum_fw-la as_o a_o rose_n penny_n money_n or_o the_o like_a and_o these_o be_v not_o count_v blensh_o right_n unless_o they_o bear_v in_o name_n of_o blensh_fw-mi ferm_n or_o if_o they_o bear_v not_o si_fw-la petatur_fw-la or_o if_o it_o be_v a_o yearly_a growth_n or_o service_n it_o be_v not_o due_a and_o may_v not_o be_v demand_v at_o any_o time_n unless_o it_o be_v demand_v within_o the_o year_n at_o the_o term_n as_o a_o stone_n of_o wax_n or_o a_o pound_n of_o pepper_n february_n 16._o 1627._o lord_n semple_n contra_fw-la blair_n where_o the_o like_a be_v observe_v to_o have_v be_v before_o june_n 18._o 1611._o bishop_n of_o st._n andrews_n contra_fw-la galloway_n the_o like_a find_v where_o the_o reddendo_fw-la bear_v si_fw-la petatur_fw-la tantum_fw-la june_n 15._o 1611._o bishop_n of_o st._n andrews_n contra_fw-la terson_n so_o blensh_o duty_n of_o land_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n be_v declare_v only_o due_a if_o they_o be_v ask_v yearly_o and_o no_o price_n can_v be_v put_v thereupon_o by_o the_o exchequer_n parliament_n 1606._o cap._n 14._o yet_o see_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o king_n be_v not_o to_o be_v prejudge_v by_o neglect_n of_o his_o officer_n who_o ought_v yearly_a to_o call_v for_o his_o blensh_fw-mi duty_n whereof_o many_o be_v considerable_a therefore_o the_o exchequer_n continue_v to_o exact_v the_o king_n blensh_fw-mi duty_n though_o not_o demand_v within_o the_o year_n there_o be_v another_o part_n of_o the_o act_n exclude_v all_o liquidation_n of_o blensh_a duty_n in_o specie_fw-la which_o therefore_o shall_v be_v so_o exact_v though_o not_o within_o the_o year_n unless_o the_o vassal_n voluntary_o offer_v a_o price_n in_o these_o blensh_fw-mi ferm_n there_o be_v no_o ward_n and_o marriage_n befalling_a to_o the_o superior_a in_o which_o it_o differ_v main_o from_o ward_n 34._o infeftment_n feu_n be_v like_a to_o the_o emphyteosis_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o location_n have_v in_o it_o a_o pension_n as_o the_o hire_n with_o a_o condition_n of_o plant_v and_o policy_n for_o such_o be_v common_o grant_v of_o barren_a ground_n and_o therefore_o it_o retain_v still_o that_o name_n also_o and_o be_v account_v and_o call_v a_o assidation_n or_o location_n in_o our_o law_n but_o because_o such_o can_v be_v hereditary_a and_o perpetual_a all_o rental_n and_o tack_n necessary_o require_v a_o ish_n therefore_o these_o feu-holdings_a partake_v both_o of_o infeftment_n as_o pass_v by_o seize_v to_o heir_n for_o ever_o and_o of_o location_n as_o have_v a_o pension_n or_o rent_n for_o their_o reddendo_fw-la and_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v perpetual_a for_o the_o increase_n of_o plant_v and_o policy_n 35._o in_o what_o case_n feus_n be_v allow_v of_o ward-land_n have_v be_v now_o show_v in_o other_o case_n they_o be_v ordinary_o allow_v where_o they_o be_v not_o prohibit_v so_o we_o shall_v only_o need_v to_o speak_v of_o case_n wherein_o they_o be_v prohibit_v and_o void_a and_o that_o be_v first_o in_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o be_v annex_v thereto_o and_o can_v be_v set_v feu_n by_o the_o king_n without_o consent_n of_o parliament_n by_o their_o act_n of_o dissolution_n bear_v great_a see_v and_o reasonable_a cause_n of_o the_o realm_n by_o sentence_n and_o decreet_a of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n but_o ratification_n which_o pass_v of_o course_n in_o parliament_n without_o report_n from_o the_o article_n will_v not_o supply_v the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o annex_v property_n or_o validat_fw-la infeftment_n thereof_o even_o though_o the_o ratification_n bear_v a_o dissolution_n upon_o which_o ground_n the_o earl_n of_o mortoun_n right_o to_o the_o earldom_n of_o orkney_n be_v reduce_v february_n 25._o 1670._o king_n advocate_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o mortoun_n neither_o can_v the_o annex_v property_n be_v dispone_v by_o the_o king_n but_o only_o in_o feu_n after_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1597._o cap._n 234._o and_o all_o infeftment_n tack_n pension_n gift_n discharge_v grant_v before_o lawful_a dissolution_n in_o parliament_n or_o after_o dissolution_n yet_o contrary_a to_o any_o of_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o same_o be_v declare_v null_n of_o the_o law_n by_o action_n or_o exception_n as_o well_o as_o to_o by_o gone_n as_o in_o time_n come_v par._n 1597._o cap._n 236._o par._n 1455._o cap._n 41._o which_o be_v confirm_v and_o extend_v to_o feus_n not_o only_o to_o be_v grant_v of_o land_n but_o to_o feus_n grant_v of_o the_o feu-ferm-duty_n which_o be_v a_o device_n invent_v to_o elude_v the_o law_n par._n 1597._o cap._n 239._o 36._o second_o feus_n of_o the_o annex_v property_n after_o dissolution_n may_v not_o be_v set_v with_o diminution_n of_o the_o rental_a the_o feu-duty_n not_o be_v within_o the_o new_a retoured_a duty_n par_n 1584._o cap._n 6._o and_o that_o it_o may_v appear_v whether_o the_o rental_a be_v diminish_v or_o not_o before_o they_o pass_v the_o seal_n they_o must_v be_v present_v to_o the_o thesaurer_n and_o comptroller_n and_o registrate_n in_o his_o register_n and_o the_o signature_n subscribe_v by_o he_o otherways_o they_o be_v null_a par._n 1592._o cap._n 127._o and_o such_o feus_n set_v without_o consent_n of_o the_o comptroller_n by_o his_o subscription_n registrat_n in_o his_o register_n be_v again_o declare_v null_n par._n 1593._o cap._n 171._o the_o comptroller_n office_n have_v be_v of_o a_o long_a time_n adjoin_v to_o and_o in_o the_o same_o commission_n with_o the_o thesaurers_n office_n or_o commission_n of_o the_o thesaury_n what_o land_n and_o other_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n appear_v by_o the_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n make_v thereanent_a consist_v main_o of_o forefaulted_a estate_n and_o kirklands_n after_o the_o abolish_n of_o the_o popish_a clergy_n which_o because_o they_o be_v presume_v to_o have_v be_v most_o part_n mortify_v by_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n therefore_o the_o intent_n of_o their_o grant_v cease_v by_o
as_o appryzing_n adjudication_n feu-ferms_a conform_v to_o the_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n but_o even_o such_o be_v constitute_v after_o the_o 〈◊〉_d whereby_o recognition_n be_v incur_v albeit_o bona_fw-la fide_fw-la for_o onerous_a cause_n before_o any_o diligence_n or_o declarator_n of_o recognition_n yet_o they_o fall_v in_o consequence_n with_o their_o author_n right_a february_n 8._o 1610._o earl_n of_o balcleugh_n contra_fw-la scot._n recognition_n exclude_v all_o tack_n set_v by_o the_o vassal_n without_o the_o superior_a consent_n whither_o prior_n or_o posteriour_a unless_o such_o as_o be_v set_v for_o the_o utility_n and_o profit_n of_o all_o party_n interress_v have_v no_o advantage_n therein_o as_o before_o have_v be_v show_v in_o the_o matter_n of_o ward_n and_o nonentry_n for_o though_o tack_n be_v establish_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n against_o purchaser_n yet_o not_o against_o superior_n 26._o recognition_n do_v also_o exclude_v servitude_n upon_o the_o fee_n by_o the_o vassal_n consent_v without_o the_o superior_n as_o thirlage_n etc._n etc._n yet_o this_o will_v not_o reach_v servitude_n introduce_v by_o long_a custom_n or_o possession_n and_o strengthen_v by_o prescription_n wherein_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o party_n have_v interest_n be_v presume_v that_o they_o can_v never_o come_v in_o the_o contrary_a for_o though_o it_o be_v most_o proper_a to_o the_o vassal_n to_o look_v to_o his_o fee_n yet_o the_o superior_a doubtless_o may_v have_v interrupt_v which_o will_v have_v be_v sufficient_a for_o his_o own_o interest_n and_o prescription_n be_v introduce_v to_o secure_a property_n and_o put_v a_o end_n to_o pleye_n will_v not_o be_v infringe_v but_o upon_o evident_a ground_n 27._o see_v recognition_n be_v exclusive_a of_o all_o interest_n depend_v upon_o the_o vassal_n therefore_o all_o party_n have_v interest_n may_v compear_v and_o defend_v hope_v de_fw-fr actionibus_fw-la in_o factum_fw-la laird_n of_o lugtoun_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o lethendie_n but_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n to_o call_v any_o save_o the_o vassal_n see_v all_o other_o right_n fall_v in_o consequentiam_fw-la as_o be_v find_v in_o subaltern-rights_a in_o the_o say_a case_n earl_n of_o balcleugh_n contra_fw-la scot._n though_o recognition_n be_v ordinary_o by_o way_n of_o action_n declare_v the_o deed_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v incur_v yet_o a_o donatar_n of_o recognition_n be_v infeft_v thereupon_o be_v find_v to_o have_v sufficient_a interest_n to_o pursue_v succeed_v in_o the_o vice_n in_o respect_n of_o a_o prior_n decreet_a of_o remove_v upon_o the_o donatar_n infeftment_n upon_o the_o gift_n of_o recognition_n without_o any_o precede_a declarator_n march_v 22._o 1623._o laird_n of_o hunthil_n contra_fw-la rutherfoord_n 28._o in_o declarator_n of_o recognition_n the_o superior_n gift_n be_v sufficient_a title_n without_o instruct_v the_o superior_n right_o unless_o he_o be_v disclaim_v or_o the_o vassal_n be_v singular_a successor_n but_o the_o king_n gift_n be_v absolute_o sufficient_a and_o there_o will_v be_v term_n assign_v for_o prove_v the_o alienation_n of_o the_o major_a part_n and_o incident_a diligence_n against_o all_o haver_n for_o production_n of_o their_o infeftment_n ad_fw-la modum_fw-la probationis_fw-la feb._n 17._o 1671._o william_n gordoun_n contra_fw-la sir_n alexander_n mcculloch_n and_o whereas_o gift_n of_o recognition_n bear_v the_o particular_a deed_n infer_v the_o vacancy_n and_o return_n of_o the_o fee_n in_o the_o king_n hand_n because_o general_a gift_n be_v not_o allowable_a the_o extract_n of_o seasine_n be_v sustain_v in_o initio_fw-la litis_fw-la to_o instruct_v these_o deed_n but_o warrant_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o defender_n to_o improve_v the_o seasines_n or_o warrant_v thereof_o and_o thereby_o to_o call_v for_o the_o principal_n february_n 26._o 1681._o david_n edie_n contra_fw-la thores_fw-la and_o dun._n and_o diligence_n by_o horning_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o defender_n of_o the_o improbation_n for_o produce_v the_o seasines_n and_o warrant_n february_n 23._o 1681._o john_n hay_o contra_fw-la creditor_n of_o murie_n and_o declarator_n be_v sustain_v upon_o production_n of_o the_o gift_n though_o the_o donatar_n be_v not_o infeft_v and_o though_o the_o heir_n who_o right_a be_v in_o question_n be_v minor_a and_o though_o his_o author_n bind_v in_o warrandice_n be_v not_o call_v for_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o minority_n have_v no_o effect_n as_o to_o the_o superior_a and_o the_o defender_n ought_v to_o intimate_fw-la the_o plea_n to_o his_o author_n january_n 28._o 1681._o laird_n of_o dun_n contra_fw-la scot._n 19_o disclamation_n be_v when_o the_o vassal_n deny_v his_o superior_a to_o be_v his_o superior_a which_o be_v diametrical_o opposite_a to_o that_o acknowledgement_n which_o be_v necessary_o employ_v in_o the_o matter_n of_o all_o fee_n as_o there_o be_v in_o it_o the_o great_a ingratitude_n and_o therefore_o disclamation_n as_o be_v much_o more_o favourable_a upon_o the_o part_n of_o the_o superior_a and_o odious_a upon_o the_o part_n of_o the_o vassal_n than_o recognition_n be_v not_o restrict_v to_o proper_a fee_n by_o ward-holdings_a but_o take_v place_n in_o all_o fee_n and_o that_o not_o only_a when_o the_o vassal_n disclaim_v the_o superior_a as_o to_o the_o whole_a or_o great_a part_n but_o if_o he_o disclaim_v he_o to_o be_v superior_a in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o fee_n he_o lose_v the_o whole_a disclamation_n take_v no_o place_n if_o it_o proceed_v through_o ignorance_n of_o the_o vassal_n upon_o any_o probable_a ground_n which_o may_v several_a way_n occur_v first_o as_o to_o the_o whole_a fee_n when_o the_o case_n be_v not_o betwixt_o the_o first_o superior_a and_o the_o first_o vassal_n but_o betwixt_o their_o successor_n as_o if_o the_o vassal_n shall_v deny_v a_o person_n to_o be_v his_o superior_n heir_n in_o that_o superiority_n through_o any_o doubtfulness_n of_o his_o be_v lawful_a heir_n or_o of_o his_o be_v that_o heir_n to_o who_o the_o superiority_n be_v provide_v as_o be_v to_o heirs-mail_n or_o of_o tailzie_n but_o much_o more_o when_o the_o superior_a be_v singular_a successor_n to_o the_o first_o superior_a in_o all_o which_o there_o be_v frequent_a and_o probable_a ground_n of_o doubt_n and_o mistake_v second_o the_o same_o ground_n of_o doubt_n may_v be_v when_o the_o question_n be_v about_o some_o part_n of_o the_o fee_n and_o this_o much_o more_o that_o there_o may_v be_v many_o ground_n of_o doubt_n whether_o that_o which_o be_v in_o question_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o fee_n or_o not_o as_o when_o the_o fire_n have_v several_a conterminous_a tenement_n hold_v of_o divers_a superior_n if_o he_o affirm_v any_o parcel_n not_o to_o be_v a_o part_n and_o pertinent_a hold_v of_o the_o superior_a acclaim_n but_o of_o the_o other_o in_o that_o case_n the_o vassal_n not_o acknowledge_v the_o superior_a will_v not_o be_v account_v disclamation_n and_o therefore_o though_o ordinary_o it_o be_v hold_v that_o a_o superior_a pursue_v his_o vassal_n for_o any_o duty_n or_o casuality_n need_v not_o instruct_v that_o he_o be_v superior_a or_o that_o the_o defender_n be_v his_o vassal_n but_o that_o it_o prove_v itself_o unless_o he_o disclaim_v as_o be_v find_v hope_v superior_a viscount_n of_o stormont_n contra_fw-la andrew_n grant_v yet_o that_o must_v be_v understand_v when_o the_o case_n be_v clear_a and_o when_o he_o be_v direct_o disclaim_v he_o may_v choose_v either_o to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o disclamation_n or_o instruct_v his_o title_n and_o so_o proceed_v march_v 26._o 1628._o john_n stuart_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o wedderburn_n the_o main_a question_n be_v whether_o disclamation_n can_v be_v otherways_o then_o judicial_o 〈◊〉_d answer_v the_o case_n as_o to_o extrajudicial_a word_n that_o these_o be_v not_o ordinary_o notice_v in_o most_o case_n as_o extrajudicial_a confession_n and_o the_o like_a but_o as_o to_o extrajudicial_a deed_n of_o the_o vassal_n as_o if_o he_o shall_v take_v infeftment_n from_o any_o other_o than_o his_o superior_a it_o will_v be_v as_o real_a disclamation_n as_o any_o verbal_a one_o judicial_o can_v be_v but_o under_o the_o same_o limitation_n if_o it_o be_v do_v of_o knowledge_n and_o of_o contempt_n of_o the_o superior_a and_o therefore_o in_o a_o dubious_a and_o contraverse_v right_a or_o in_o any_o case_n if_o the_o right_n be_v take_v with_o provision_n of_o double_a infeftment_n and_o thereby_o the_o grant_a not_o accept_v simple_o as_o superior_a but_o only_o in_o the_o interim_n it_o will_v not_o infer_v disclamation_n 30._o purpresture_n or_o purprysion_n be_v the_o vassal_n go_v without_o his_o bound_n and_o encroach_a upon_o the_o property_n of_o his_o superior_a for_o purpryse_n signify_v the_o precinct_n and_o march_n the_o ground_n of_o it_o be_v from_o the_o fidelity_n and_o gratitude_n the_o vassal_n owe_v to_o the_o superior_a and_o therefore_o shall_v not_o invade_v his_o inheritance_n but_o this_o be_v not_o extend_v to_o encroachment_n upon_o the_o superior_n commontie_z as_o craig_n
unexpyre_v not_o only_o as_o to_o his_o own_o estate_n but_o as_o to_o the_o cautioner_n estate_n february_n 10._o 1675._o lady_n torwoed-head_n contra_fw-la florence_n gardner_n 39_o but_o the_o appryzer_n have_v it_o in_o his_o option_n whether_o he_o will_v enter_v in_o possession_n of_o the_o mail_n and_o duty_n or_o will_v uplift_v more_o thereof_o than_o his_o annualrent_n yet_o if_o a_o posteriour_a appryzer_n insist_v for_o possession_n the_o first_o must_v either_o possess_v do_v diligence_n and_o be_v countable_a or_o suffer_v he_o to_o possess_v february_n 11._o 1636._o colqhoun_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o balvie_n but_o if_o the_o appryzer_n possess_v he_o must_v do_v diligence_n for_o the_o rent_n of_o that_o land_n he_o possess_v and_o be_v countable_a not_o only_o for_o what_o he_o intromet_v with_o but_o for_o what_o he_o may_v have_v intromet_v with_o and_o if_o the_o land_n be_v tennent-stead_n at_o his_o entry_n he_o must_v count_v according_o at_o that_o rate_n though_o thereafter_o give_v over_o and_o waste_v if_o he_o neither_o set_v nor_o labour_v they_o himself_o nor_o intimate_fw-la to_o the_o debtor_n so_o to_o do_v feb._n 9_o 1639._o brownhill_n contra_fw-la cawder_n the_o like_a find_v that_o the_o appryzer_n be_v countable_a according_a to_o the_o rental_a allow_v all_o defalcation_n jan._n 4._o 1662._o james_n seaton_n contra_fw-la antony_n roswal_n but_o where_o the_o appryzer_n enter_v in_o possession_n of_o the_o land_n waste_v he_o be_v not_o find_v countable_a according_a as_o he_o set_v they_o thereafter_o for_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o proper_a labourage_n see_v by_o the_o season_n without_o his_o fault_n he_o lose_v thereby_o decem._n 23._o 1629._o john_n dickson_n contra_fw-la young_a but_o a_o appryzer_n be_v find_v countable_a for_o the_o rental_a of_o all_o the_o tenant_n of_o a_o small_a tenement_n lie_v contigue_fw-la have_v take_v decreet_a against_o all_o the_o tenant_n and_o yet_o refuse_v to_o count_v for_o some_o particular_a room_n without_o show_v any_o hindrance_n to_o uplift_v from_o these_o which_o other_o appryzer_n call_v to_o account_n can_v not_o know_v that_o he_o have_v forbear_v these_o but_o nothing_o be_v determine_v as_o to_o the_o common_a debtor_n own_o labourage_n jan._n 14._o 1681._o schaw_n of_o grimmat_n contra_fw-la john_n mure_n writer_n yet_o where_o the_o appryzer_n be_v disturb_v in_o his_o possession_n by_o the_o debtor_n via_fw-la facti_fw-la or_o via_fw-la juris_fw-la he_o be_v not_o find_v countable_a by_o a_o rental_a but_o what_o he_o recover_v till_o he_o attain_v to_o peaceable_a possession_n jan._n 20._o 1681._o burnet_n contra_fw-la burnet_n of_o barns_n 40._o the_o act_n of_o par._n 1661._o cap._n 62._o have_v lengthen_v the_o legal_a of_o appryzing_n and_o have_v bring_v in_o all_o who_o appryze_v within_o a_o year_n of_o the_o first_o effectual_a apprize_a pari_fw-la passu_fw-la by_o this_o act_n these_o these_o alteration_n be_v introduce_v as_o to_o appryzing_n first_o whereas_o before_o the_o first_o appryzer_n be_v infeft_v or_o do_v diligence_n have_v only_o access_n to_o the_o whole_a apprise_v land_n till_o he_o be_v satisfy_v now_o the_o lord_n be_v impower_v to_o limit_v the_o possession_n during_o the_o legal_a as_o they_o shall_v see_v cause_n the_o appryzer_n get_v his_o annualrent_n or_o security_n therefore_o and_o therefore_o a_o appryzer_n pursue_v for_o remove_v and_o mail_n and_o duty_n his_o pursuit_n be_v only_o sustain_v for_o so_o much_o of_o the_o apprise_v land_n as_o she_o shall_v choose_v the_o rent_n whereof_o will_v be_v equivalent_a to_o eight_o per_fw-la cent_n of_o the_o sum_n apprise_v for_o he_o be_v countable_a for_o the_o superplus_n more_o than_o his_o annualrent_n and_o public_a burden_n the_o defender_n house_n and_o mains_fw-fr be_v always_o except_v see_v there_o be_v sufficient_a of_o other_o rent_n june_n 27._o 1672._o nicolson_n contra_fw-la sir_n william_n murray_n but_o the_o power_n grant_v to_o the_o lord_n to_o restrict_n appryzer_n be_v only_o personal_a and_o peculiar_a to_o the_o debtor_n and_o not_o to_o the_o posterior_n appryzer_n july_n 28._o 1671._o murray_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o southesk_n and_o other_o second_o all_o appryzing_n lead_v since_o the_o first_o of_o january_n 1652._o before_o the_o first_o effectual_a compryze_a obtain_v infeftment_n or_o charge_v the_o superior_a to_o receive_v or_o within_o a_o year_n after_o the_o same_o or_o to_o be_v lead_v thereafter_o upon_o any_o persosonal_a debt_n come_v in_o pari_fw-la passu_fw-la as_o if_o they_o all_o have_v be_v contain_v in_o one_o compryze_a the_o other_o appryzer_n pay_v to_o the_o first_o effectual_a compryzer_n the_o expense_n of_o his_o compryze_a and_o infeftment_n thereupon_o but_o the_o year_n be_v not_o to_o count_v from_o the_o infeftment_n or_o charge_n by_o which_o the_o apprize_a become_v effectual_a but_o from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o decreet_a of_o apprize_a july_n 4._o 1671._o laird_n of_o balfour_n contra_fw-la mr._n william_n dowglas_n but_o this_o extend_v not_o to_o appryzing_n or_o annualrent_n or_o other_o debita_fw-la fundi_fw-la and_o according_o it_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o lord_n that_o those_o other_o appryzer_n behove_v to_o pay_v the_o whole_a composition_n to_o the_o superior_a feb._n 5._o 1663._o robert_n graham_n contra_fw-la john_n ross._n yet_o these_o appryzing_n that_o be_v prior_n to_o the_o act_n be_v not_o find_v to_o come_v in_o pari_fw-la passu_fw-la from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o appryzing_n albeit_o the_o act_n bear_v that_o they_o shall_v come_v in_o as_o if_o they_o be_v in_o one_o apprize_a but_o only_o from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o as_o to_o what_o the_o first_o appryzer_n have_v possess_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la before_o the_o act_n of_o his_o intromission_n exceed_v his_o annualrent_n the_o same_o shall_v be_v impute_v to_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o compryzing_n and_o composition_n and_o in_o payment_n of_o the_o sum_n apprise_v for_o pro_fw-la tanto_fw-la jan._n 7._o 1665._o graham_n of_o blaitwood_n contra_fw-la brown_n but_o a_o apprize_a lead_v before_o january_n 1652._o though_o infeftment_n or_o charge_n be_v use_v thereon_o after_o jan._n 1652._o be_v find_v to_o exclude_v all_o appryzer_n after_o jan._n 1652._o who_o infeftment_n or_o charge_n be_v posterior_n to_o the_o infeftment_n or_o charge_n upon_o the_o apprize_a lead_v before_o jan._n 1652._o and_o that_o the_o say_a posterior_n apprize_a do_v not_o come_v in_o pari_fw-la passu_fw-la with_o that_o lead_v before_o jan._n 1652._o because_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n relate_v nothing_o to_o appryzing_n deduce_v before_o jan._n 1652._o decemb._n 12._o 1666._o sir_n henry_n home_n contra_fw-la creditor_n of_o kello_n and_o albeit_o the_o first_o effectual_a apprize_a be_v satisfy_v and_o so_o extinct_a yet_o it_o do_v stand_v valid_a as_o to_o the_o second_o apprize_a within_o year_n and_o day_n but_o a_o three_o apprize_a be_v not_o find_v thereby_o to_o come_v in_o pari_fw-la passu_fw-la with_o the_o second_o apprize_a as_o be_v within_o year_n and_o day_n thereof_o as_o if_o the_o second_o apprize_a become_v the_o first_o appryzer_n decemb._n 13._o 1672._o street_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o northesk_n and_o james_n dean_n feb._n 20._o 1679._o tenant_n of_o mortoun_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o queensberry_n and_o where_o the_o first_o appryzer_n 〈◊〉_d but_o a_o part_n of_o the_o land_n apprise_v the_o second_o appryzer_n not_o infeft_v be_v prefer_v to_o the_o three_o appryzer_n infeft_v as_o to_o the_o remanent_fw-la rent_n because_o the_o second_o appryzer_n need_v no_o infeftment_n but_o the_o infeftment_n upon_o the_o first_o apprize_a be_v sufficient_v for_o all_o the_o appryzing_n lead_v within_o the_o year_n of_o the_o first_o decemb._n 22._o 1664._o doctor_n ramsay_n and_o william_n hay_o contra_fw-la alexander_n seatoun_n there_o be_v also_o a_o exception_n from_o this_o clause_n by_o another_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1661._o cap._n 21._o session_n 3._o that_o second_o appryser_n shall_v not_o be_v prejudge_v if_o they_o do_v acquire_v right_a to_o a_o former_a appryse_v redeem_v and_o satisfy_v by_o they_o for_o their_o own_o security_n before_o the_o say_a act_n albeit_o lead_v since_o jan._n 1652._o which_o first_o comprise_v shall_v remain_v in_o the_o same_o case_n as_o apprysing_n be_v former_o it_o be_v so_o decide_v without_o necessity_n to_o allege_v that_o right_o be_v take_v to_o the_o first_o appryse_v to_o shun_v the_o expyre_a of_o the_o legal_a or_o any_o other_o necessary_a cause_n decemb._n 9_o 1664._o veatch_n of_o dawick_n contra_fw-la alexander_n williamson_n three_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o legal_a be_v alter_v from_o seven_o year_n to_o ten_o year_n so_o that_o where_o the_o legal_a be_v not_o 〈◊〉_d the_o time_n of_o the_o act_n three_o year_n be_v allow_v to_o redeem_v they_o from_o whitsonday_n 1661._o which_o terminate_v at_o whitsonday_n 1664._o whereanent_fw-la it_o be_v question_v whether_o intromission_n
they_o be_v do_v before_o year_n and_o day_n expire_v be_v after_o the_o rebellion_n and_o so_o arrestment_n or_o assignation_n even_o though_o before_o rebellion_n have_v no_o effect_n after_o year_n and_o day_n be_v run_v because_o these_o be_v but_o personal_n and_o liferent-escheat_n a_o real_a right_o flow_v from_o the_o superiority_n whereby_o the_o vassal_n be_v denude_v of_o the_o liferent_a therefore_o the_o effect_n of_o these_o personal_a right_n cease_v but_o all_o real_a right_n flow_v from_o the_o vassal_n before_o the_o rebellion_n as_o fews_n annualrent_n tack_n appryzing_n and_o adjudication_n whereupon_o there_o be_v a_o charge_n be_v effectual_a and_o not_o exclude_v by_o liferent-escheat_n though_o these_o be_v exclude_v by_o ward_n which_o be_v a_o casuality_n follow_v the_o nature_n of_o fewdal_a right_n whereas_o liferent-escheat_n arise_v not_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o fies_z but_o be_v introduce_v by_o law_n or_o custom_n and_o therefore_o the_o fie_o fall_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o superior_a as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o vassal_n with_o all_o the_o real_a burden_n he_o have_v fix_v upon_o it_o neither_o do_v posterior_n voluntary_a infeftment_n though_o for_o debt_n prior_n to_o the_o rebellion_n and_o grant_v before_o declarator_n exclude_v the_o liferent-escheat_n jannuary_n 18._o 1611._o samuel_n ord_n contra_fw-la the_o laird_n of_o craigkeith_n the_o like_a where_o the_o infeftment_n be_v grant_v after_o rebellion_n but_o within_o year_n and_o day_n january_n 23._o 1627._o james_n wallace_n contra_fw-la thomas_n porteous_n where_o there_o be_v a_o exception_n insinuat_fw-la unless_o there_o have_v be_v a_o prior_n obliegment_n before_o the_o rebellion_n to_o grant_v thelnfeftment_n as_o if_o in_o that_o case_n though_o in_o cursu_fw-la rebellionis_fw-la it_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o exclude_v the_o liferent_a the_o like_a be_v find_v that_o infeftment_n upon_o a_o voluntary_a disposition_n make_v in_o cursu_fw-la rebellionis_fw-la within_o the_o year_n and_o for_o a_o debt_n due_a before_o rebellion_n exclude_v not_o the_o liferent-escheat_n march_v 19_o 1628._o mr_n james_n rae_n contra_fw-la buckie_n hope_v horning_n laird_n of_o frendraught_n contra_fw-la meldrum_n gordon_n of_o 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la gordon_n of_o haddo_n but_o infeftment_n in_o cursu_fw-la rebellionis_fw-la upon_o special_a obliegment_n to_o grant_v the_o same_o before_o denuneiation_n be_v valid_a vide_fw-la tit._n 14._o §_o 53._o as_o to_o legal_a diligence_n of_o creditor_n whither_o apprize_a and_o infeftment_n thereupon_o be_v after_o rebellion_n will_v exclude_v the_o liferent-escheat_n be_v declare_v the_o last_o title_n in_o the_o second_o effect_n of_o appryzing_n the_o sum_n whereof_o be_v that_o they_o be_v thus_o far_a preferablé_fw-fr to_o voluntary_a disposition_n that_o be_v do_v in_o cursu_fw-la rebellionis_fw-la for_o a_o debt_n before_o rebellion_n there_o be_v infeftment_n or_o charge_v in_o cursu_fw-la rebellionis_fw-la they_o exclude_v the_o liferent_a second_o single-escheats_a require_v general_a and_o special_a declarator_n liferent-escheats_a require_v but_o one_o declarator_n for_o all_o wherein_o the_o title_n be_v the_o horning_n the_o gift_n and_o the_o superior_n seasine_n without_o far_a instruct_v the_o superior_n right_o and_o without_o continuation_n july_n 2._o 1622._o carmichael_n contra_fw-la lermont_n march_v 6._o 1624._o dowglas_n contra_fw-la eastnesbit_n june_n 23._o 1625._o viscount_n of_o stormont_n contra_fw-la and_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n to_o instruct_v the_o land_n hold_v of_o that_o superior_a by_o the_o defender_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o that_o be_v presume_v unless_o the_o defender_n disclaim_v or_o that_o the_o superior_a be_v a_o singlar_a successor_n never_o acknowledge_v by_o the_o vassal_n or_o his_o predecessor_n 27._o shipwreck_n and_o wath_n good_n or_o treasure_n in_o the_o ground_n who_o owner_n appear_v not_o be_v confiscate_v as_o caduciarie_n whereby_o the_o owner_n be_v presume_v to_o relinquish_v or_o loose_v the_o same_o and_o so_o a_o jure_fw-la sup_v cadunt_fw-la and_o the_o thing_n become_v nullius_fw-la and_o yet_o belong_v not_o to_o the_o first_o possessor_n as_o thing_n relinquish_v do_v by_o the_o common_a law_n but_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n by_o his_o royal_a prerogative_n or_o to_o other_o have_v right_o from_o he_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o these_o before_o in_o the_o title_n real_a right_n and_o shall_v only_o add_v this_o that_o by_o that_o just_a and_o noble_a statute_n par._n 1429._o cap._n 124._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o where_o ship_n break_v in_o this_o country_n the_o ship_n and_o good_n shall_v be_v escheat_n to_o the_o king_n if_o they_o belong_v to_o such_o country_n as_o use_v the_o like_a law_n anent_o shipwreck_n in_o there_o own_o land_n otherways_o they_o shall_v have_v the_o same_o favour_n as_o they_o keep_v to_o ship_n of_o this_o land_n break_v with_o they_o it_o be_v also_o declare_v among_o the_o statute_n of_o king_n alexander_n the_o second_o cap._n 25._o that_o if_o any_o live_a man_n or_o beast_n as_o dog_n cat_n etc._n etc._n come_v quick_a out_o of_o the_o vessel_n the_o same_o shall_v not_o be_v account_v shipwreck_n but_o shall_v be_v preserve_v to_o the_o owner_n clame_v and_o instruct_v his_o right_n within_o year_n and_o day_n or_o otherways_o it_o shall_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n so_o be_v it_o find_v where_o a_o ox_n escape_v alive_a out_o of_o the_o ship_n and_o the_o admiral_n decreet_a find_v the_o same_o escheatable_a as_o shipwreck_n be_v suspend_v simpliciter_fw-la december_n 12._o 1622._o hamilton_n contra_fw-la cochran_n in_o which_o case_v nothing_o be_v alleige_v but_o this_o old_a statute_n the_o genuine_a meaning_n whereof_o seem_v only_o to_o be_v where_o any_o person_n come_v to_o land_n the_o ship_n and_o good_n shall_v not_o be_v confiscate_v as_o wrack_n but_o the_o posterior_n act_n par._n 1429._o cap._n 124._o repeat_v not_o that_o provision_n but_o regulat_v the_o matter_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o nation_n to_o do_v to_o they_o as_o they_o do_v to_o we_o without_o any_o other_o limitation_n and_o therefore_o where_o some_o person_n come_v to_o land_n the_o ship_n be_v break_v the_o same_o with_o the_o good_n disperse_v be_v confiscate_v if_o confiscation_n in_o the_o like_a case_n shall_v be_v prove_v to_o be_v the_o law_n or_o custom_n of_o that_o place_n to_o which_o the_o ship_n belong_v january_n 20._o 1674._o jacobson_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o crawfoord_n 28._o forefaulture_n be_v the_o great_a confiscation_n comprehend_v all_o other_o penal_a confiscation_n it_o be_v extend_v to_o the_o take_v away_o of_o life_n land_n and_o good_n par._n 1424._o cap._n 3._o for_o it_o be_v the_o penalty_n of_o the_o high_a crime_n to_o wit_n treason_n which_o at_o first_o and_o by_o its_o native_a signification_n it_o express_v crymes_n against_o the_o life_n of_o any_o party_n under_o trust_n so_o the_o slaughter_n of_o any_o person_n under_o trust_n credit_n or_o power_n of_o the_o slayer_n be_v declare_v treason_n par._n 1587._o cap._n 51._o 29._o thence_o it_o be_v also_o call_v treachery_n and_o the_o committer_n thereof_o traitor_n and_o because_o of_o that_o trust_v betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o all_o the_o liege_n as_o their_o superior_a and_o sovereign_a the_o chief_a point_n of_o treason_n be_v against_o the_o king_n person_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o act_n last_o cite_v these_o also_o who_o without_o cause_n wilful_o raise_v a_o fray_n in_o the_o king_n host_n commit_v treason_n par._n 1455._o cap._n 54._o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n because_o of_o the_o trust_n betwixt_o the_o superior_a and_o his_o vassal_n such_o crime_n against_o the_o superior_a be_v also_o call_v treason_n and_o thereby_o the_o committer_n lose_v for_o ever_o all_o land_n and_o heritage_n he_o hold_v of_o that_o sùperiour_a quoniam_fw-la atachiamenta_fw-la cap._n 19_o but_o this_o treason_n infer_v not_o a_o simple_a forfeiture_n but_o only_o be_v a_o ground_n of_o recognition_n but_o as_o now_o the_o term_n be_v take_v treason_n and_o forefalture_n of_o life_n land_n and_o good_n be_v adequat_fw-la and_o wherever_o the_o one_o be_v express_v in_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o other_o be_v understand_v for_o the_o strike_v or_o slay_v of_o any_o person_n within_o the_o parliament_n house_n during_o the_o time_n of_o parliament_n within_o the_o king_n inner-chamber_n cabinet_n or_o chamber_n of_o peace_n the_o king_n be_v within_o his_o palace_n or_o within_o the_o inner-tolbooth_a the_o time_n of_o session_n sit_v or_o within_o the_o privy_a council-house_n the_o time_n of_o the_o council_n sit_v or_o in_o his_o majesty_n presence_n any_o where_o be_v declare_v treason_n par._n 1593._o cap._n 173._o impugn_v the_o dignity_n or_o authority_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n of_o parliament_n or_o procure_v any_o innovation_n or_o diminution_n of_o there_o power_n be_v prohibit_v under_o pain_n of_o treason_n par._n 1584._o cap._n 139._o and_o also_o decline_v the_o king_n and_o
himself_o and_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o first_o marriage_n and_o thereafter_o resign_v and_o infeft_v himself_o and_o the_o heir_n male_a of_o the_o second_o marriage_n which_o faill_v his_o near_a heir_n whatsoever_o these_o heir_n male_a the_o second_o marriage_n faill_v and_o therefore_o not_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o first_o marriage_n only_o but_o she_o and_o the_o daughter_n of_o a_o three_o marriage_n succeed_v by_o the_o second_o infeftment_n as_o his_o heir_n whatsoever_o substitute_n to_o be_v his_o heir_n of_o the_o second_o marriage_n craig_n have_v the_o case_n but_o otherways_o observe_v lib._n 2._o dieg_n 14._o where_o a_o person_n have_v provide_v his_o land_n to_o the_o heir_n of_o three_o several_a marriage_n of_o each_o whereof_o there_o survive_v a_o daughter_n the_o question_n be_v which_o of_o the_o daughter_n shall_v succeed_v whether_o the_o first_o as_o have_v the_o first_o provision_n or_o the_o last_o have_v the_o last_o provision_n the_o party_n be_v three_o sister_n aikmans_n in_o which_o the_o lord_n admit_v all_o the_o three_o sister_n as_o heir_n portioner_n and_o so_o confound_v the_o provision_n be_v all_o equal_a and_o about_o the_o same_o thing_n which_o must_v be_v the_o reason_n and_o not_o that_o which_o be_v there_o render_v because_o the_o defunct_a notwithstanding_o of_o these_o provision_n in_o favour_n of_o heir_n may_v have_v dispone_v effectual_a to_o a_o stranger_n and_o so_o likewise_o to_o his_o own_o child_n of_o another_o marriage_n for_o that_o reason_n will_v have_v exclude_v the_o daughter_n of_o the_o first_o marriage_n and_o prefer_v the_o daughter_n of_o the_o last_o marriage_n and_o as_o have_v be_v show_v tailzy_n of_o provision_n upon_o a_o anticedent_n onerous_a obligation_n such_o as_o be_v marriage_n hinder_v the_o fire_n to_o dispone_v or_o provide_v the_o same_o to_o his_o heir_n of_o line_n represent_v he_o simple_o and_o must_v fulfil_v his_o obliegment_n albeit_o his_o disposition_n to_o stranger_n not_o so_o represent_v he_o will_v be_v effectual_a and_o therefore_o craig_n in_o that_o same_o place_n observe_v in_o the_o case_n of_o isobel_n barron_n who_o be_v heir_n to_o her_o father_n of_o his_o first_o marriage_n by_o which_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o marriage_n shall_v succeed_v to_o all_o land_n conquest_n during_o the_o marriage_n and_o thereafter_o have_v a_o son_n of_o the_o second_o marriage_n who_o be_v his_o father_n heir_n of_o line_n to_o who_o his_o father_n dispone_v or_o provide_v a_o tenement_n acquire_v during_o the_o first_o marriage_n yet_o the_o say_a isobel_n as_o heir_n of_o that_o marriage_n recover_v that_o tenement_n from_o her_o brother_n as_o heir_n of_o lyne_n but_o the_o main_a difficulty_n remain_v when_o the_o obliegment_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o heir_n portioner_n be_v un-equal_a for_o when_o they_o be_v equal_a whether_o they_o become_v extinct_a by_o confusion_n or_o not_o it_o be_v alike_o but_o if_o they_o be_v so_o extinct_a when_o they_o be_v un-equal_a there_o will_v not_o be_v a_o equal_a suffering_n or_o abatement_n but_o the_o great_a obliegment_n will_v be_v extinct_a as_o well_o as_o the_o least_o neither_o can_v such_o obligation_n be_v whole_o extinct_a by_o confusion_n but_o only_o pro_fw-la rata_fw-la so_o that_o if_o there_o be_v three_o heir_n portioner_n for_o example_n the_o obliegment_n grant_v to_o every_o one_o of_o they_o can_v only_o be_v extinct_a for_o a_o thirdpart_n because_o they_o be_v but_o heir_n in_o a_o three_o part_n and_o as_o to_o two_o three_o part_n each_o two_o of_o they_o be_v debtor_n to_o the_o three_o and_o if_o the_o obligation_n exceed_v the_o value_n of_o the_o heritage_n such_o of_o they_o as_o find_v themselves_o loser_n if_o they_o enter_v heir_n may_v abstain_v and_o renounce_v and_o they_o or_o their_o assigney_n may_v pursue_v any_o of_o the_o rest_n that_o shall_v enter_v for_o fulfil_v of_o the_o defunct_n obliegment_n but_o if_o they_o be_v considerate_a when_o all_o the_o obligation_n joint_o exceed_v the_o value_n of_o the_o estate_n they_o will_v all_o renounce_v and_o assign_v there_o obliegment_n and_o their_o assigney_n will_v be_v prefer_v according_a to_o their_o dilignece_n without_o consideration_n of_o the_o priority_n or_o posteriority_n of_o the_o obliegment_n but_o if_o they_o happen_v to_o enter_v or_o when_o their_o provision_n be_v not_o personal_a to_o themselves_o nominatim_fw-la but_o as_o they_o be_v heir_n of_o provision_n and_o therefore_o necessary_o require_v that_o they_o must_v be_v heir_n before_o they_o can_v obtain_v their_o provision_n than_o the_o obliegment_n or_o provision_n of_o each_o portioner_n be_v extinct_a as_o to_o their_o own_o proportion_n but_o they_o have_v like_o action_n against_o the_o other_o heir_n portioner_n for_o there_o proportion_n as_o other_o creditor_n have_v the_o point_n will_v be_v clear_a by_o example_n if_o three_o sister_n be_v provide_v by_o the_o father_n to_o un-equal_a portion_n the_o first_o to_o 15000._o mark_n the_o second_o to_o 12000._o mark_n the_o three_o to_o 6000._o mark_n and_o the_o defunct_n whole_a estate_n have_v only_o be_v worth_n 18000._o mark_n all_o of_o they_o enter_v the_o case_n will_v be_v thus_o the_o elder_a will_v succeed_v to_o 6000._o mark_n of_o the_o heritage_n for_o her_o part_n and_o the_o second_o will_v be_v liable_a to_o she_o for_o 5000._o mark_n as_o the_o three_o of_o the_o her_o provision_n to_o who_o she_o will_v also_o be_v liable_a for_o 4000_o mark_n as_o the_o three_o of_o the_o second_o provision_n which_o be_v compense_v the_o second_o will_v be_v liable_a to_o the_o first_o in_o a_o 1000_o mark_n dc_o claro_fw-la in_o like_a manner_n the_o first_o will_v be_v liable_a to_o the_o three_o in_o 2000_o mark_n and_o the_o three_o will_v be_v liable_a to_o the_o first_o in_o 5000._o mark_n which_o be_v balance_v the_o three_o will_v be_v debtor_n de_fw-fr claro_fw-la to_o the_o first_o in_o 3000._o mark_n so_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o first_o will_v be_v 6000._o mark_n as_o her_o own_o portion_n and_o one_o out_o of_o the_o second_o and_o three_o out_o of_o the_o three_o portion_n be_v in_o all_o a_o 10000_o the_o second_o fall_v 6000._o as_o her_o share_n out_o of_o which_o she_o be_v liable_a in_o 1000_o mark_n to_o the_o elder_a and_o the_o young_a be_v due_a to_o she_o de_fw-fr claro_fw-la 2000_o mark_n whereby_o her_o interest_n will_v be_v 7000._o mark_n the_o young_a portion_n will_v be_v 6000._o mark_n out_o of_o which_o she_o be_v due_a to_o the_o elder_a 3000._o mark_n and_o to_o the_o second_o 2000_o so_o there_o will_v remain_v only_o free_a to_o her_o 1000_o mark_n this_o may_v clear_v the_o case_n as_o to_o liquid_a sum_n and_o as_o to_o disposition_n or_o provision_n of_o land_n or_o other_o obliegment_n in_o facto_fw-la these_o or_o the_o interest_n or_o value_v will_v be_v the_o same_o way_n effectual_a among_o the_o heir_n portioner_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v make_v to_o stranger_n except_o where_o the_o same_o disposition_n or_o provision_n be_v make_v to_o divers_a of_o they_o for_o then_o either_o be_v equal_o oblige_v to_o other_o as_o represent_v the_o defunct_a the_o same_o become_v void_a and_o in-effectual_a protanto_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o sister_n aikmans_n but_o since_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1621._o against_o fraudulent_a disposition_n the_o first_o disposition_n or_o provision_n constitute_v that_o party_n creditor_n may_v give_v ground_n to_o reduce_v a_o posterior_n disposition_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o another_o of_o the_o heir_n portioner_n as_o be_v without_o a_o cause_n onerous_a after_o contractiong_a of_o the_o first_o debt_n but_o that_o will_v not_o hold_v in_o band_n for_o sum_n of_o money_n all_o which_o will_v have_v their_o effect_n as_o be_v before_o say_v neither_o will_v it_o hold_v when_o the_o provision_n of_o land_n provide_v the_o party_n provide_v to_o be_v heir_n for_o thereby_o the_o party_n can_v quarrel_v that_o predecessor_n deed_n otherways_o the_o first_o obliegment_n or_o disposition_n to_o any_o of_o the_o heir_n portioner_n nominatim_fw-la may_v reduce_v any_o posterior_n disposition_n to_o other_o of_o the_o heir_n portioner_n two_o daughter_n be_v serve_v both_o heir_n portioner_n to_o their_o father_n in_o some_o teind_n but_o one_o of_o they_o succeed_v to_o her_o brother_n who_o be_v infeft_v as_o heir_n to_o his_o father_n in_o land_n exclude_v the_o other_o sister_n who_o be_v not_o sister_n german_a to_o her_o brother_n by_o both_o blood_n and_o both_o be_v pursue_v for_o their_o father_n debt_n they_o be_v not_o find_v liable_a equal_o but_o proportional_o according_a to_o the_o interest_n they_o succeed_v to_o the_o one_o be_v only_o immediate_a heir_n to_o her_o father_n in_o a_o right_n of_o tiend_n wherein_o her_o brother_n be_v not_o serve_v