whatsoever_o be_v produce_v be_v produce_v necessary_o and_o consequent_o all_o voluntary_a action_n be_v necessitate_v and_o to_o define_v a_o free_a agent_n to_o be_v that_o which_o when_o all_o thing_n be_v present_a which_o be_v necessary_a to_o produce_v the_o effect_n can_v nevertheless_o not_o produce_v it_o be_v contradiction_n and_o nonsense_n for_o it_o be_v all_o one_o as_o to_o say_v the_o cause_n may_v be_v sufficient_a i._n e._n necessary_a and_o yet_o the_o effect_n shall_v not_o follow_v this_o be_v the_o substance_n of_o all_o mr._n hobbs_n his_o proof_n against_o free_a will_n in_o which_o there_o be_v almost_o as_o many_o mistake_v as_o there_o be_v sentence_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o plain_o will_v appear_v that_o either_o he_o have_v no_o clear_a idea_n of_o what_o he_o write_v about_o or_o else_o do_v design_o endeavour_v to_o perplex_v darken_v and_o confound_v the_o cause_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n he_o confound_v the_o power_n or_o faculty_n of_o will_v in_o man_n with_o the_o last_o act_n of_o willing_a or_o determination_n after_o deliberate_v and_o consequent_o do_v not_o distinguish_v between_o what_o the_o school_n will_v call_v hypothetical_n and_o absolute_a necessity_n which_o yet_o ought_v to_o be_v careful_o do_v in_o the_o point_n between_o we_o for_o a_o agent_n may_v be_v free_a and_o no_o doubt_n every_o man_n be_v free_a to_o deliberate_v on_o and_o to_o compare_v the_o object_n offer_v to_o his_o choice_n and_o yet_o not_o be_v so_o after_o he_o have_v choose_v then_o indeed_o necessity_n come_v in_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o any_o one_o to_o choose_v and_o not_o to_o choose_v or_o to_o determine_v and_o not_o to_o determine_v and_o after_o the_o election_n be_v make_v no_o one_o ever_o suppose_v that_o a_o man_n be_v free_a not_o to_o make_v it_o and_o therefore_o if_o by_o the_o will_n mr._n hobbs_n mean_v that_o last_o act_n of_o willing_a or_o elect_v which_o immediate_o precede_v act_v or_o which_o be_v next_o before_o the_o do_v of_o a_o thing_n become_v impossible_a as_o he_o express_v himself_o he_o fight_v with_o his_o own_o shadow_n and_o oppose_v that_o which_o no_o body_n ever_o deny_v for_o no_o man_n ever_o suppose_a freedom_n and_o determination_n to_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n but_o only_o that_o man_n before_o he_o determine_v be_v free_a whether_o he_o will_v determine_v so_o and_o so_o or_o not_o and_o according_o he_o himself_o define_v a_o voluntary_a agent_n to_o be_v he_o that_o have_v not_o make_v a_o end_n of_o deliberate_v 311._o again_o 2._o it_o be_v hard_a to_o know_v what_o he_o mean_v here_o by_o nothing_o take_v its_o beginning_n from_o itself_o he_o be_v talk_v about_o voluntary_a action_n and_o about_o the_o freedom_n of_o human_a nature_n and_o therefore_o shall_v refer_v this_o to_o the_o will_n of_o man_n but_o the_o instance_n he_o afterward_o produce_v be_v of_o contingent_a thing_n 315._o which_o be_v nothing_o at_o all_o to_o his_o purpose_n but_o if_o this_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o will_n what_o will_v it_o signify_v i_o grant_v nothing_o can_v take_v its_o beginning_n from_o itself_o the_o will_n of_o man_n take_v its_o beginning_n from_o god_n and_o voluntary_a action_n we_o say_v take_v their_o beginning_n from_o the_o faculty_n or_o power_n of_o will_v place_v in_o our_o soul_n but_o what_o then_o do_v it_o follow_v from_o thence_o that_o those_o action_n we_o call_v voluntary_a be_v necessitate_v because_o that_o they_o take_v their_o original_a from_o that_o free_a power_n of_o election_n god_n have_v place_v in_o our_o nature_n and_o not_o from_o themselves_o i_o dare_v say_v no_o one_o can_v see_v the_o consequence_n of_o this_o part_n of_o the_o argument_n and_o it_o will_v not_o in_o the_o least_o follow_v from_o hence_o that_o the_o cause_n of_o a_o man_n willing_a be_v not_o the_o will_n itself_o but_o something_o else_o not_o in_o his_o own_o dispose_n which_o yet_o he_o bold_o assert_n it_o be_v the_o power_n of_o willing_a or_o that_o faculty_n which_o we_o find_v in_o ourselves_o of_o be_v free_a in_o many_o case_n to_o act_n or_o not_o act_n or_o to_o act_n after_o such_o a_o particular_a manner_n which_o be_v general_o call_v the_o will_n and_o this_o be_v common_o say_v to_o be_v free_a though_o i_o think_v as_o one_o have_v observe_v understanding_n it_o be_v not_o so_o proper_a a_o way_n of_o speak_v as_o to_o say_v the_o man_n be_v free_a for_o beside_o that_o it_o be_v not_o usual_a nor_o indeed_o proper_a to_o predicate_v one_o faculty_n of_o another_o it_o be_v hardly_o good_a sense_n to_o say_v the_o will_n be_v free_a in_o the_o manner_n now_o explain_v for_o that_o will_v be_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o to_o say_v that_o a_o free_a power_n be_v free_a whereas_o it_o be_v not_o the_o power_n but_o the_o man_n that_o have_v the_o power_n that_o be_v free_a but_o however_o the_o other_o way_n of_o expression_n have_v prevail_v and_o do_v do_v so_o and_o i_o do_v think_v any_o one_o be_v mislead_v by_o it_o into_o error_n for_o that_o which_o every_o body_n understand_v and_o mean_v by_o say_v the_o will_n of_o man_n be_v free_a be_v that_o man_n have_v in_o his_o nature_n such_o a_o free_a power_n as_o be_v call_v his_o will._n now_o from_o hence_o it_o will_v not_o follow_v that_o a_o man_n be_v free_a whether_o he_o will_v will_n or_o not_o for_o he_o must_v will_n someway_o either_o to_o act_n or_o not_o to_o act_n or_o to_o act_n after_o such_o a_o particular_a manner_n but_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o when_o a_o man_n have_v make_v any_o particular_a volition_n or_o have_v determine_v the_o point_n whether_o he_o shall_v act_n or_o forbear_v to_o act_n he_o be_v then_o no_o long_o at_o liberty_n as_o to_o this_o particular_a case_n and_o instant_a for_o the_o determination_n be_v then_o actual_o make_v and_o the_o man_n no_o long_o free_v not_o to_o make_v it_o but_o this_o prove_v nothing_o at_o all_o against_o the_o liberty_n or_o freedom_n of_o the_o mind_n of_o man._n again_o what_o do_v mr._n hobbs_n mean_v by_o the_o will_v his_o be_v the_o necessary_a cause_n of_o voluntary_a action_n do_v he_o mean_v that_o the_o will_n of_o man_n must_v of_o necessity_n act_v free_o and_o produce_v action_n voluntary_o if_o he_o do_v we_o be_v agree_v but_o if_o he_o mean_v that_o the_o will_n be_v previous_o necessitate_v in_o every_o act_n of_o volition_n to_o will_n just_a as_o it_o do_v and_o can_v not_o possible_o have_v will_v otherwise_o this_o be_v to_o beg_v the_o question_n and_o to_o take_v for_o grant_v the_o great_a thing_n in_o dispute_n it_o be_v to_o call_v that_o out_o of_o controversy_n which_o be_v the_o only_a thing_n in_o controversy_n which_o indeed_o when_o a_o man_n contradict_v the_o common_a sense_n and_o reason_n of_o mankind_n without_o proof_n be_v the_o best_a way_n of_o proceed_v but_o that_o which_o look_v most_o like_a a_o argument_n for_o the_o necessity_n of_o all_o humane_a action_n be_v this_o which_o he_o bring_v in_o the_o last_o place_n that_o cause_n say_v he_o be_v a_o sufficient_a cause_n which_o want_v nothing_o requisite_a to_o produce_v its_o effect_n but_o such_o a_o cause_n must_v also_o be_v a_o necessary_a one_o for_o have_v it_o not_o necessary_o produce_v its_o effect_n it_o must_v have_v be_v because_o something_o be_v want_v in_o it_o for_o that_o purpose_n and_o then_o it_o can_v not_o have_v be_v sufficient_a so_o that_o whatever_o be_v produce_v be_v produce_v necessary_o for_o it_o can_v not_o have_v be_v at_o all_o without_o a_o sufficient_a or_o necessary_a cause_n and_o therefore_o also_o all_o voluntary_a action_n be_v necessitate_v now_o all_o this_o prove_v to_o his_o purpose_n i_o think_v just_a nothing_o at_o all_o he_o proceed_v on_o in_o his_o former_a error_n of_o confound_v the_o act_n of_o will_v with_o the_o power_n of_o willing_a and_o of_o make_v hypothetical_n the_o same_o with_o absolute_a necessity_n for_o not_o now_o to_o dispute_v what_o he_o say_v of_o every_o sufficient_a cause_n be_v a_o necessary_a one_o allow_v that_o when_o ever_o any_o volition_n or_o determination_n be_v make_v or_o when_o ever_o any_o voluntary_a action_n be_v do_v that_o the_o will_n of_o man_n be_v a_o sufficient_a cause_n to_o produce_v that_o effect_n nay_o that_o it_o do_v at_o last_o necessary_o produce_v it_o he_o can_v infer_v nothing_o from_o hence_o more_o than_o this_o that_o when_o the_o will_n have_v determine_v or_o will_v it_o be_v no_o long_o free_v to_o will_n or_o will_v that_o particular_a thing_n at_o that_o particular_a instant_a which_o i_o do_v believe_v any_o body_n will_v ever_o or_o ever_o do_v deny_v but_o this_o will_v not_o prove_v at_o all_o that_o the_o will_n be_v necessitate_v to_o make_v that_o
determination_n à _fw-la priori_fw-la and_o that_o it_o can_v have_v make_v no_o other_o which_o yet_o be_v what_o he_o mean_v and_o aught_o to_o have_v clear_o make_v out_o for_o the_o same_o power_n or_o faculty_n of_o liberty_n which_o enable_v it_o to_o make_v that_o determination_n will_v have_v be_v a_o sufficient_a cause_n for_o it_o to_o have_v make_v another_o contrary_n to_o it_o or_o differ_v from_o it_o and_o then_o when_o that_o have_v be_v make_v it_o will_v have_v be_v as_o necessary_a as_o the_o former_a and_o therefore_o that_o definition_n of_o a_o free_a agent_n be_v be_v that_o which_o when_o all_o thing_n be_v present_a which_o be_v needful_a to_o produce_v the_o effect_n can_v nevertheless_o not_o produce_v it_o though_o i_o do_v think_v it_o the_o best_a do_v not_o when_o right_o understand_v imply_v any_o contradiction_n nor_o be_v it_o nonsense_n at_o all_o for_o the_o meaning_n of_o it_o be_v that_o he_o be_v proper_o free_a who_o have_v the_o power_n of_o determination_n in_o himself_o and_o when_o all_o requisite_n be_v ready_a so_o that_o nothing_o shall_v extrinsecal_o either_o hinder_v he_o from_o or_o compel_v he_o to_o act_n can_v yet_o choose_v whether_o he_o will_v act_n or_o not_o thus_o if_o a_o man_n have_v pen_n ink_n and_o paper_n and_o a_o place_n to_o write_v upon_o his_o hand_n well_o and_o at_o liberty_n and_o understand_v how_o to_o write_v he_o have_v all_o thing_n present_a that_o be_v needful_a to_o produce_v the_o effect_n of_o write_v yet_o he_o can_v nevertheless_o not_o produce_v that_o effect_n because_o he_o can_v choose_v after_o all_o whether_o he_o will_v write_v or_o no._n mr._n hobbs_n define_v a_o free_a agent_n to_o be_v he_o that_o can_v do_v if_o he_o will_v and_o forbear_v if_o he_o will_v and_o that_o liberty_n be_v the_o absence_n of_o all_o external_a impediment_n 314._o which_o if_o he_o intend_v any_o thing_n by_o it_o but_o to_o palliate_v a_o bad_a cause_n and_o to_o amuse_v the_o person_n he_o write_v to_o be_v as_o much_o nonsense_n and_o contradiction_n to_o what_o he_o himself_o advance_v about_o necessity_n as_o be_v possible_a for_o how_o a_o man_n can_v be_v say_v to_o act_n necessary_o that_o have_v no_o external_a impediment_n to_o hinder_v he_o or_o cause_n to_o compel_v he_o but_o be_v free_a to_o act_n if_o he_o will_v or_o forbear_v if_o he_o will_v be_v what_o i_o believe_v no_o man_n can_v possible_o conceive_v thus_o we_o see_v plain_o that_o this_o great_a patron_n of_o necessity_n have_v very_o little_a to_o say_v for_o his_o darling_n notion_n and_o that_o he_o plain_o contradict_v and_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o himself_o have_v he_o indeed_o dare_v speak_v out_o and_o think_v it_o time_n to_o declare_v his_o opinion_n free_o he_o will_v no_o doubt_n have_v proceed_v on_o other_o ground_n in_o this_o point_n and_o make_v use_v of_o argument_n more_o agreeable_a to_o his_o set_a of_o principle_n which_o be_v allow_v he_o will_v have_v demonstrate_v a_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o all_o thing_n whatsoever_o for_o he_o be_v a_o thorough_a corporealist_n and_o maintain_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o in_o nature_n but_o matter_n and_o motion_n which_o if_o it_o be_v true_a it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o all_o thing_n and_o action_n must_v be_v inevitable_o fatal_a and_o necessary_a for_o as_o mr._n lock_v well_o observe_v nothing_o but_o thought_n or_o willing_a in_o a_o spirit_n can_v begin_v motion_n the_o necessity_n therefore_o in_o such_o a_o hypothesis_n will_v be_v the_o true_a ancient_a democritick_n fate_n the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o as_o epicurus_n call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o through_o material_a necessity_n mechanical_o produce_v all_o thing_n or_o the_o fate_n of_o the_o naturalist_n who_o hold_v nothing_o beside_o matter_n and_o motion_n but_o this_o notion_n for_o some_o reason_n best_o know_v to_o himself_o he_o do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o insist_v on_o when_o he_o write_v this_o tract_n against_o the_o liberty_n of_o human_a nature_n though_o his_o successor_n spinoza_n with_o a_o little_a variation_n do_v who_o argument_n we_o must_v next_o consider_v spinoza_n as_o i_o have_v former_o show_v be_v a_o absolute_a corporealist_n as_o well_o as_o mr._n hobbs_n but_o find_v that_o cogitation_n can_v never_o be_v account_v for_o from_o matter_n and_o motion_n only_o he_o suppose_v cogitation_n essential_a to_o matter_n and_o as_o he_o make_v but_o one_o only_a substance_n in_o the_o world_n which_o be_v the_o matter_n of_o all_o thing_n or_o god_n so_o he_o suppose_v cogitation_n to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o essential_a attribute_n of_o this_o deity_n as_o extension_n be_v the_o other_o and_o from_o hence_o he_o conclude_v that_o all_o thing_n according_a to_o the_o infinite_a variety_n of_o their_o several_a nature_n must_v necessary_o flow_v from_o god_n or_o the_o whole_a and_o must_v be_v just_a what_o they_o be_v and_o can_v be_v nor_o can_v not_o possible_o have_v be_v any_o otherwise_o 18._o he_o do_v indeed_o style_v the_o deity_n causa_fw-la libera_n and_o say_v he_o be_v only_o so_o 17._o but_o the_o reason_n he_o assign_v for_o it_o be_v only_o because_o nothing_o can_v compel_v he_o to_o or_o hinder_v he_o from_o do_v any_o thing_n but_o he_o express_o deny_v he_o to_o have_v either_o understanding_n or_o free_a will_n 63._o and_o he_o declare_v oftentimes_o that_o all_o thing_n flow_v from_o the_o deity_n by_o as_o absolute_a a_o necessity_n as_o that_o the_o three_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n be_v equal_a to_o two_o right_a one_o and_o then_o as_o to_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n he_o give_v this_o reason_n why_o it_o can_v have_v any_o free_a will_n quia_fw-la mens_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la vel_fw-la illud_fw-la volendum_fw-la determinatur_fw-la à _fw-la causâ_fw-la quae_fw-la etiam_fw-la ab_fw-la alia_fw-la &_o haec_fw-la iterum_fw-la ab_fw-la aliâ_fw-la &_o sic_fw-la in_o infinitum_fw-la 85._o the_o same_o thing_n also_o he_o assert_n in_o another_o place_n 28._o and_o from_o thence_o undertake_v to_o prove_v also_o that_o god_n can_v have_v any_o free_a will_n and_o withal_o say_v that_o understanding_n and_o will_n as_o they_o be_v call_v belong_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n just_a as_o motion_n and_o rest_n and_o other_o natural_a thing_n do_v which_o be_v absolute_o determine_v to_o operate_v just_a as_o they_o do_v and_o can_v do_v otherwise_o 29._o this_o be_v the_o argument_n of_o spinoza_n to_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o freedom_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n but_o that_o he_o be_v determine_v in_o every_o thing_n by_o absolute_a and_o inevitable_a necessity_n and_o this_o necessity_n also_o it_o be_v plain_a according_a to_o he_o be_v pure_o physical_a and_o mechanical_a as_o to_o the_o refutation_n of_o which_o i_o think_v i_o have_v already_o effectual_o remove_v the_o foundation_n on_o which_o it_o be_v all_o build_v by_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v such_o being_n as_o immaterial_a substance_n and_o that_o god_n himself_o be_v such_o a_o one_o or_o a_o spirit_n 5._o for_o all_o the_o necessity_n spinoza_n contend_v for_o depend_v pure_o on_o his_o notion_n of_o the_o deity_n as_o appear_v sufficient_o from_o what_o i_o have_v produce_v of_o his_o word_n if_o therefore_o it_o be_v true_a that_o god_n be_v a_o immaterial_a substance_n a_o be_v distinct_a from_o nature_n or_o the_o universe_n and_o the_o creator_n and_o producer_n of_o all_o thing_n as_o i_o think_v i_o have_v very_o clear_o prove_v it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o the_o whole_a chain_n of_o spinoza_n argument_n for_o necessity_n be_v break_v to_o piece_n for_o the_o reason_n he_o assign_v for_o the_o necessary_a operation_n of_o the_o deity_n be_v not_o the_o perfection_n of_o his_o nature_n determine_v he_o to_o good_a and_o just_a lovely_a and_o reasonable_a thing_n but_o that_o the_o deity_n be_v universal_a nature_n all_o thing_n and_o operation_n be_v part_n of_o he_o and_o their_o several_a way_n and_o manner_n of_o act_v and_o exist_v according_a to_o the_o necessary_a law_n of_o motion_n and_o mechanism_n be_v his_o understanding_n and_o will_n which_o ignorant_a people_n he_o say_v may_v perhaps_o take_v in_o a_o literal_a sense_n and_o think_v that_o god_n can_v proper_o know_v or_o will_v any_o thing_n but_o that_o in_o reality_n there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o understanding_n or_o free_a will_n in_o god_n since_o all_o thing_n flow_v from_o he_o by_o inevitable_a necessity_n and_o if_o there_o be_v not_o any_o freedom_n in_o the_o deity_n that_o be_v in_o the_o whole_a there_o can_v be_v none_o in_o man_n or_o in_o any_o other_o being_n who_o be_v but_o part_n of_o he_o if_o this_o indeed_o be_v true_a that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o god_n but_o nature_n then_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o see_v that_o
in_o his_o reason_n for_o his_o opinion_n 314._o that_o he_o that_o reflect_v on_o himself_o can_v but_o be_v satisfy_v that_o a_o free_a agent_n be_v he_o that_o can_v do_v if_o he_o will_v and_o forbear_v if_o he_o will_n and_o such_o a_o agent_n he_o allow_v man_n to_o be_v and_o say_v he_o have_v prove_v it_o too_o but_o how_o he_o will_v reconcile_v this_o with_o his_o assertion_n that_o no_o man_n can_v be_v free_a from_o necessitation_n and_o that_o all_o our_o action_n have_v necessary_a cause_n and_o therefore_o be_v necessitate_v i_o can_v imagine_v as_o to_o spinoza_n account_n of_o the_o deity_n in_o reference_n to_o this_o point_n i_o have_v give_v a_o hint_n or_o two_o of_o it_o already_o he_o make_v god_n to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o nature_n or_o the_o universe_n to_o be_v corporeal_a and_o a_o absolute_o necessary_a agent_n one_o who_o can_v possible_o help_v do_v as_o he_o do_v one_o who_o have_v no_o power_n of_o creation_n nor_o do_v act_n according_a to_o free_a will_n 18._o but_o be_v limit_v and_o restrain_v to_o one_o constant_a method_n of_o act_v by_o the_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o his_o nature_n or_o by_o his_o infinite_a power_n and_o lest_o any_o one_o shall_v misunderstand_v he_o so_o far_o as_o to_o imagine_v that_o he_o mean_v by_o this_o that_o god_n be_v by_o the_o excellency_n and_o perfection_n of_o his_o nature_n in_o all_o his_o operation_n exact_o conformable_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n goodness_n and_o right_a reason_n he_o plain_o exclude_v that_o notion_n in_o these_o word_n qui_fw-la dicunt_fw-la deum_fw-la omne_fw-la sub_fw-la ratione_fw-la boni_fw-la agere_fw-la he_o aliquid_fw-la extra_fw-la deum_fw-la videntur_fw-la ponere_fw-la quod_fw-la à _fw-la deo_fw-la non_fw-la dependet_fw-la ad_fw-la quod_fw-la deus_fw-la tanquam_fw-la ad_fw-la exemplar_n in_o operando_fw-la attendit_fw-la vel_fw-la ad_fw-la quod_fw-la tanquam_fw-la ad_fw-la certum_fw-la scopum_fw-la collimat_fw-la quod_fw-la profectò_fw-la nihil_fw-la aliud_fw-la est_fw-la quam_fw-la deum_fw-la fato_fw-la subjicere_fw-la 32._o now_o i_o think_v nothing_o can_v more_o show_v the_o wicked_a perverseness_n of_o this_o writer_n mind_n than_o this_o passage_n for_o he_o can_v not_o but_o know_v very_o well_o that_o when_o divine_n assert_v the_o deity_n to_o be_v essential_o and_o necessary_o good_a they_o do_v not_o mean_v that_o goodness_n be_v any_o thing_n extrinsical_a to_o the_o divine_a nature_n much_o less_o that_o it_o be_v something_o which_o have_v no_o dependence_n upon_o it_o but_o only_o that_o the_o excellency_n and_o perfection_n of_o his_o nature_n be_v such_o as_o that_o it_o be_v in_o every_o thing_n exact_o conformable_a to_o right_a reason_n and_o therefore_o this_o be_v certain_o a_o wilful_a perversion_n of_o their_o sense_n set_v up_o on_o purpose_n to_o overthrow_v the_o notion_n of_o moral_a goodness_n in_o the_o deity_n but_o how_o vain_a be_v it_o for_o he_o to_o tell_v we_o that_o for_o the_o deity_n to_o act_n sub_fw-la ratione_fw-la boni_fw-la be_v for_o he_o to_o be_v subject_a to_o fate_n when_o at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o himself_o assert_v that_o god_n be_v in_o every_o respect_n a_o necessary_a agent_n without_o any_o free_a will_n nay_o without_o any_o knowledge_n or_o understanding_n in_o his_o nature_n at_o all_o this_o be_v so_o plain_a a_o demonstration_n that_o it_o be_v his_o chief_a and_o primary_n design_n to_o banish_v out_o of_o man_n mind_n the_o notion_n of_o moral_a goodness_n that_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o and_o therefore_o though_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o introduce_v absolute_a necessity_n into_o all_o action_n both_o divine_a and_o human_a yet_o it_o shall_v be_v such_o a_o one_o as_o shall_v leave_v no_o umbrage_n for_o any_o distinction_n between_o good_a and_o evil_a or_o any_o foundation_n for_o reward_n and_o punishment_n and_o in_o this_o notion_n of_o necessity_n these_o writer_n follow_v democritus_n heraclitus_n leucippus_n and_o that_o atheistical_a sect_n who_o maintain_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o all_o nature_n but_o matter_n and_o motion_n and_o therefore_o when_o these_o modern_a writer_n assert_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o universe_n but_o body_n as_o they_o do_v they_o run_v fate_n far_o than_o most_o of_o the_o old_a heathen_a patron_n of_o necessity_n do_v for_o there_o be_v none_o but_o the_o democritick_n sect_n that_o suppose_a fate_n to_o have_v a_o power_n over_o the_o will_n of_o man_n and_o in_o this_o particular_a even_o they_o be_v desert_v by_o epicurus_n as_o i_o observe_v below_o the_o pythagorean_n platonist_n and_o stoic_n agree_v that_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n be_v free_a and_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o the_o stoic_n do_v in_o this_o free_a power_n of_o the_o will_n of_o man_n find_v that_o arrogant_a assertion_n of_o they_o that_o a_o wise_a man_n be_v in_o one_o respect_n more_o excellent_a than_o the_o god_n for_o they_o be_v good_a by_o the_o necessity_n of_o their_o nature_n and_o can_v not_o help_v it_o whereas_o man_n have_v a_o power_n of_o be_v otherwise_o and_o therefore_o be_v the_o more_o commendable_a for_o be_v so_o there_o be_v indeed_o some_o of_o the_o poet_n and_o some_o few_o of_o the_o philosopher_n too_o who_o do_v subject_a the_o god_n themselves_o to_o fate_n or_o necessity_n thus_o seneca_n in_o one_o place_n say_v necessitas_fw-la &_o deos_fw-la alligat_fw-la irrevocabilis_fw-la divina_fw-la pariter_fw-la ac_fw-la humana_fw-la cursus_fw-la vehit_fw-la ille_fw-la ipse_fw-la omnium_fw-la conditor_fw-la ac_fw-la rector_n scripsit_fw-la quidem_fw-la fata_fw-la sed_fw-la sequitur_fw-la semper_fw-la paret_fw-la semel_fw-la jussit_fw-la which_o opinion_n be_v effectual_o refute_v and_o expose_v by_o lucian_n in_o that_o dialogue_n of_o his_o call_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o also_o by_o lactantius_n in_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr falsâ_fw-la religione_fw-la chap._n 11._o but_o this_o as_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o seneca_n and_o some_o other_o understand_v in_o a_o soft_a sense_n than_o at_o first_o sight_n it_o appear_v to_o have_v so_o be_v it_o the_o doctrine_n of_o but_o a_o few_o for_o general_o the_o heathen_n do_v full_o believe_v that_o prayer_n and_o sacrifice_n will_v alter_v a_o man_n fortune_n and_o circumstance_n for_o the_o better_a that_o they_o will_v appease_v the_o anger_n and_o gain_v the_o favour_n and_o blessing_n of_o the_o god_n and_o that_o their_o nature_n be_v not_o so_o absolute_o fatal_a and_o necessary_a but_o that_o they_o can_v free_o deal_v with_o their_o creature_n according_a as_o they_o deserve_v at_o their_o hand_n for_o we_o find_v balbus_n the_o stoic_a mention_v by_o cicero_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n will_v not_o be_v most_o powerful_a and_o excellent_a if_o it_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o necessity_n or_o nature_n quâ_fw-la coelum_fw-la maria_fw-la terraeque_fw-la reguntur_fw-la nihil_fw-la enim_fw-la est_fw-la praestantius_fw-la deo_fw-la nulli_fw-la igitur_fw-la est_fw-la naturae_fw-la obediens_fw-la &_o subjectus_fw-la so_o that_o these_o writer_n tread_v in_o the_o step_v of_o the_o worst_a and_o most_o atheistical_a of_o the_o heathen_a philosopher_n and_o maintain_v a_o more_o rigid_a fate_n and_o a_o more_o irresistible_a necessity_n than_o most_o of_o they_o do_v but_o 2_o i_o come_v next_o to_o show_v the_o groundlesness_n of_o those_o reason_n and_o argument_n on_o which_o these_o man_n build_v their_o hypothesis_n of_o absolute_a necessity_n and_o first_o as_o to_o the_o reason_n of_o mr._n hobbs_n the_o chief_a that_o he_o bring_v against_o the_o freedom_n of_o human_a action_n be_v these_o say_v mr._n hobbs_n in_o all_o deliberation_n and_o alternate_a succession_n of_o contrary_a appetite_n it_o be_v the_o last_o only_o which_o we_o call_v will_n this_o be_v immediate_o before_o the_o do_n of_o any_o action_n or_o next_o before_o the_o do_v of_o it_o become_v impossible_a also_o nothing_o say_v he_o can_v take_v beginning_n from_o itself_o but_o must_v do_v it_o from_o the_o action_n of_o some_o other_o immediate_a agent_n without_o it_o if_o therefore_o a_o man_n have_v a_o will_n to_o something_o which_o he_o have_v not_o before_o the_o cause_n of_o his_o will_v be_v not_o the_o will_n itself_o but_o something_o else_o not_o in_o his_o own_o dispose_n so_o that_o whereas_o it_o be_v out_o of_o controversy_n that_o of_o voluntary_a action_n the_o will_n be_v the_o necessary_a cause_n and_o by_o this_o which_o be_v now_o say_v the_o will_n be_v also_o cause_v by_o other_o thing_n whereof_o it_o dispose_v not_o it_o follow_v that_o voluntary_a action_n have_v all_o of_o they_o necessary_a cause_n and_o therefore_o be_v necessitate_v again_o also_o every_o sufficient_a cause_n say_v he_o be_v a_o necessary_a one_o for_o if_o it_o do_v not_o produce_v its_o effect_n necessary_o it_o be_v because_o something_o be_v want_v to_o its_o production_n and_o then_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a now_o from_o hence_o it_o follow_v that_o
thing_n we_o can_v indeed_o perfect_o comprehend_v the_o nature_n of_o god_n because_o we_o have_v shallow_a limit_v finite_a and_o imperfect_a capacity_n and_o faculty_n and_o the_o deity_n contain_v in_o himself_o all_o possible_a perfection_n every_o one_o must_v grant_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a the_o lesser_a shall_v contain_v and_o comprehend_v the_o great_a especial_o too_o when_o the_o extent_n and_o fullness_n of_o one_o infinite_o exceed_v the_o capacity_n of_o the_o other_o from_o hence_o therefore_o to_o infer_v that_o we_o can_v have_v no_o idea_n nor_o knowledge_n at_o all_o of_o god_n be_v very_o absurd_a and_o incongruous_a it_o be_v a_o strange_a method_n of_o argue_v that_o i_o can_v know_v nothing_o at_o all_o of_o a_o thing_n because_o i_o can_v know_v every_o particular_a that_o belong_v to_o it_o and_o he_o will_v deserve_o be_v esteem_v a_o madman_n that_o shall_v deny_v that_o there_o be_v any_o such_o thing_n as_o the_o sun_n because_o he_o can_v tell_v how_o many_o mile_n he_o be_v in_o diameter_n how_o far_o he_o be_v from_o we_o and_o which_o way_n he_o come_v by_o a_o supply_n of_o matter_n to_o continue_v his_o enliven_a fire_n and_o heat_n when_o some_o great_a and_o advantageous_a revolution_n be_v bring_v about_o in_o any_o nation_n when_o the_o public_a good_a be_v secure_v the_o law_n and_o liberty_n preserve_v and_o confusion_n bloodshed_n and_o misery_n of_o all_o kind_n prevent_v by_o the_o wise_a and_o deep_a council_n and_o conduct_n of_o he_o or_o those_o that_o be_v at_o the_o helm_n of_o affair_n will_v it_o not_o be_v gross_a stupidity_n for_o a_o man_n to_o assert_v that_o all_o this_o come_v about_o by_o chance_n and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o wisdom_n nor_o conduct_n that_o so_o opportune_o manage_v all_o thing_n only_o because_o he_o can_v penetrate_v into_o all_o the_o secret_a step_n and_o method_n of_o it_o and_o see_v all_o the_o hide_a spring_n by_o which_o it_o be_v move_v regular_o on_o to_o its_o intend_a perfection_n there_o be_v many_o thing_n who_o existence_n it_o will_v be_v ridiculous_a to_o doubt_v of_o who_o nature_n and_o quality_n we_o be_v very_o far_o from_o be_v able_a perfect_o to_o comprehend_v and_o explain_v and_o among_o the_o rest_n there_o be_v nothing_o but_o our_o own_o existence_n that_o we_o can_v be_v more_o assure_v of_o than_o that_o there_o be_v a_o god_n for_o as_o to_o all_o object_n of_o sense_n we_o may_v as_o mounseur_fw-fr des_fw-mi cartes_n show_v have_v some_o reason_n to_o doubt_v of_o their_o actual_a existence_n without_o we_o till_o we_o be_v first_o satisfy_v that_o our_o sense_n do_v not_o deceive_v we_o till_o we_o know_v this_o for_o any_o thing_n we_o can_v demonstrative_o prove_v to_o the_o contrary_a all_o sensible_a object_n may_v be_v mere_a phantasm_n and_o delusion_n and_o nothing_o but_o the_o internal_a configuration_n of_o our_o own_o brain_n and_o the_o result_n of_o imagination_n and_o fancy_n but_o when_o once_o we_o be_v assure_v that_o there_o be_v a_o god_n who_o be_v perfect_o know_v wise_a and_o good_a we_o shall_v discover_v that_o he_o can_v be_v no_o deceiver_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o it_o be_v not_o suitable_a to_o the_o idea_n we_o have_v of_o he_o that_o he_o shall_v delude_v and_o cheat_v we_o with_o false_a appearance_n and_o consequent_o we_o may_v well_o conclude_v that_o he_o have_v appoint_v our_o sense_n to_o be_v proper_a judge_n of_o their_o own_o object_n and_o that_o those_o thing_n be_v actual_o exist_v without_o we_o who_o idea_n we_o so_o plain_o perceive_v in_o ourselves_o and_o which_o we_o true_o judge_v to_o be_v so_o and_o if_o we_o will_v impartial_o consult_v our_o own_o thought_n and_o reason_n clear_o from_o those_o idea_n that_o we_o have_v within_o we_o i_o think_v we_o may_v most_o demonstrative_o be_v assure_v of_o the_o existence_n of_o a_o god_n and_o that_o he_o be_v such_o a_o most_o perfect_a or_o infinite_a be_v as_o the_o sacred_a scripture_n and_o divine_n describe_v he_o to_o be_v i_o will_v allow_v that_o the_o great_a certainty_n that_o we_o can_v have_v of_o the_o existence_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v of_o our_o own_o be_v of_o which_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v no_o one_o can_v possible_o doubt_v for_o whatsoever_o can_v think_v reason_n doubt_v will_n and_o determine_v must_v needs_o be_v something_o and_o have_v a_o true_a and_o real_a be_v and_o because_o we_o find_v by_o this_o mean_n that_o there_o be_v certain_o something_o actual_o exist_v it_o will_v plain_o follow_v that_o something_o or_o other_o must_v always_o have_v be_v so_o for_o if_o ever_o there_o be_v a_o time_n when_o there_o be_v nothing_o there_o never_o can_v have_v be_v any_o thing_n at_o all_o for_o absolute_a nothing_o can_v never_o have_v do_v or_o produce_v any_o thing_n something_o therefore_o it_o be_v plain_a must_v have_v be_v always_o or_o eternal_o exist_v and_o which_o never_o can_v have_v have_v any_o beginning_n for_o if_o it_o ever_o have_v any_o beginning_n though_o never_o so_o many_o thousand_o of_o million_o of_o age_n ago_o it_o must_v have_v then_o begin_v from_o mere_a nothing_o which_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o any_o man_n to_o conceive_v now_o if_o we_o consider_v ourselves_o or_o any_o thing_n else_o that_o be_v round_o about_o we_o in_o the_o world_n we_o shall_v plain_o find_v that_o neither_o we_o nor_o they_o can_v be_v this_o thing_n that_o always_o be_v existent_a and_o which_o we_o have_v discover_v must_v have_v be_v without_o beginning_n for_o we_o know_v well_o enough_o that_o it_o be_v but_o a_o little_a while_n ago_o when_o we_o begin_v to_o be_v and_o that_o it_o be_v but_o a_o short_a space_n before_o we_o shall_v die_v and_o cease_v to_o be_v in_o this_o world_n any_o more_o beside_o we_o find_v in_o ourselves_o and_o discover_v in_o thing_n without_o we_o such_o defect_n limitation_n and_o imperfection_n as_o sufficient_o must_v convince_v we_o that_o neither_o we_o nor_o they_o can_v be_v independent_a being_n nor_o indeed_o the_o cause_n of_o one_o another_o existence_n we_o must_v therefore_o in_o our_o thought_n have_v recourse_n to_o some_o first_o cause_n or_o origin_n from_o whence_o all_o thing_n do_v proceed_v and_o that_o there_o must_v be_v some_o first_o cause_n or_o some_o be_v which_o produce_v both_o ourselves_o and_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v round_o about_o we_o in_o the_o world_n we_o can_v but_o be_v assure_v of_o for_o we_o know_v nothing_o can_v cause_v or_o make_v itself_o to_o be_v and_o we_o see_v that_o we_o can_v make_v or_o produce_v each_o other_o and_o we_o perceive_v that_o none_o of_o our_o form_n or_o modes_n of_o existence_n be_v indestructible_a and_o eternal_a but_o that_o all_o thing_n be_v continual_o slit_v and_o change_v some_o improve_n and_o increase_v while_o other_o be_v decrease_v and_o die_v the_o common_a matter_n indeed_o of_o all_o body_n will_v remain_v and_o we_o do_v not_o find_v it_o to_o be_v perishable_a as_o their_o form_n be_v but_o then_o this_o we_o may_v easy_o know_v can_v be_v the_o first_o cause_n of_o all_o other_o thing_n since_o we_o have_v no_o idea_n of_o its_o be_v a_o active_a intelligent_a wise_a and_o powerful_a be_v as_o that_o must_v be_v but_o the_o notion_n we_o have_v of_o it_o be_v that_o it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d pure_o passive_a and_o obsequious_o capable_a of_o all_o variety_n of_o form_n and_o motion_n as_o i_o shall_v hereafter_o more_o large_o show_v if_o we_o far_a careful_o consider_v of_o this_o be_v that_o we_o have_v thus_o find_v must_v have_v eternal_o be_v or_o exi_v we_o shall_v find_v also_o that_o it_o must_v for_o ever_o continue_v to_o be_v for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v for_o we_o can_v imagine_v how_o a_o be_v that_o have_v eternal_o exi_v for_o the_o time_n past_a shall_v ever_o terminate_v or_o cease_v to_o be_v for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v since_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o its_o self_n or_o in_o any_o thing_n without_o it_o that_o can_v possible_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o its_o destruction_n such_o a_o be_v therefore_o will_v be_v proper_o eternal_a and_o necessary_o self-existent_a without_o begin_v or_o end_n or_o any_o possibility_n of_o die_v or_o cease_v to_o be_v such_o a_o be_v also_o must_v on_o this_o account_n be_v the_o creator_n author_n and_o cause_n of_o all_o thing_n because_o nothing_o can_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o itself_o and_o therefore_o they_o must_v either_o be_v eternal_a and_o necessary_o self_n existent_a as_o we_o be_v assure_v they_o be_v not_o or_o else_o derive_v from_o and_o produce_v by_o this_o eternal_a and_o infinite_a be_v and_o as_o the_o being_n themselves_o be_v derive_v from_o and_o produce_v by_o this_o eternal_a and_o self_n existent_n be_v so_o
plutarch_n describe_v the_o deity_n have_v these_o remarkable_a word_n god_n be_v mind_n a_o separate_a form_n perfect_o unmix_v with_o matter_n and_o without_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v passable_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o assert_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o it_o be_v impossible_a matter_n alone_o can_v be_v the_o sole_a principle_n of_o all_o thing_n 3._o plato_n every_o where_o distinguish_v between_o corporeal_a and_o incorporeal_a substance_n call_v the_o former_a by_o the_o name_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d sensible_n and_o the_o latter_a always_o either_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d immaterial_a or_o intelligible_a and_o he_o say_v that_o certain_a intelligible_a and_o incorporeal_a form_n be_v the_o true_a and_o first_o substance_n and_o that_o incorporeal_a thing_n which_o be_v the_o great_a and_o most_o excellent_a of_o all_o other_o be_v discoverable_a by_o reason_n only_o and_o nothing_o else_o ficin_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o say_v that_o they_o be_v instruct_v by_o their_o forefather_n that_o mind_n and_o a_o certain_a wonderful_a wisdom_n do_v at_o first_o frame_n and_o do_v now_o govern_v all_o thing_n his_o word_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o phileb_n p._n 28._o which_o sufficient_o show_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o incorporeal_a deity_n and_o the_o way_n also_o how_o they_o come_v by_o it_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n also_o be_v socrates_n as_o we_o be_v tell_v by_o plutarch_n and_o other_o lib._n de_fw-fr placit_fw-la philos._n 1._o c._n 3._o zeno_n and_o the_o stoic_n define_v the_o deity_n to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o intellectual_a and_o rational_a nature_n or_o as_o plutarch_n recite_v their_o opinion_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o intelligent_a spirit_n devoid_a of_o all_o bodily_a shape_n ibid._n and_o sextus_n empericus_n tell_v we_o of_o aristotle_n that_o he_o constant_o assert_v god_n to_o be_v incorporeal_a and_o the_o utmost_a bound_n of_o the_o universe_n 155._o and_o aristotle_n conclude_v his_o book_n of_o physics_n with_o affirm_v 15._o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a the_o first_o mover_n or_o god_n can_v have_v any_o magnitude_n but_o he_o must_v needs_o be_v devoid_a of_o part_n and_o indivisible_a and_o plutarch_n give_v we_o this_o as_o the_o receive_a and_o common_a opinion_n of_o the_o stoic_n that_o god_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o spirit_n that_o be_v extend_v or_o do_v penetrate_v throughout_o the_o whole_a world_n de_fw-fr placitis_fw-la philosoph_n lib._n 1._o c._n 3._o p._n 882._o now_o by_o these_o passage_n and_o many_o other_o that_o may_v easy_o be_v produce_v it_o appear_v very_o plain_a that_o the_o most_o ancient_a writer_n have_v a_o good_a clear_a notion_n of_o god_n and_o that_o they_o speak_v of_o he_o as_o of_o a_o mind_n perfect_o distinct_a from_o matter_n or_o as_o a_o immaterial_a or_o incorporeal_a be_v many_o of_o they_o also_o deliver_v themselves_o very_o express_o as_o to_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n which_o as_o plutarch_n tell_v we_o 898._o they_o general_o assert_v to_o be_v incorporeal_a and_o that_o it_o be_v natural_o a_o self-moving_a and_o intelligible_a substance_n but_o of_o this_o more_o in_o another_o place_n and_o that_o the_o ancient_n do_v believe_v god_n to_o be_v a_o spirit_n or_o a_o most_o powerful_a intelligent_a and_o perfect_a immaterial_a substance_n will_v yet_o far_o appear_v if_o we_o consider_v what_o notion_n they_o have_v of_o and_o how_o they_o define_v matter_n or_o body_n plato_n describe_v it_o by_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o which_o thrust_v against_o other_o body_n and_o resist_v their_o touch_n or_o impulse_n other_o call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o which_o so_o fill_v up_o a_o place_n as_o at_o that_o time_n to_o exclude_v from_o it_o any_o other_o body_n sometime_o they_o call_v it_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o contradistinction_n to_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v they_o distinguish_v it_o to_o be_v of_o a_o pure_a passive_a nature_n and_o which_o be_v act_v and_o determine_v only_o by_o impulse_n from_o without_o it_o or_o distinct_a from_o it_o they_o know_v very_o well_o that_o there_o be_v also_o beside_o it_o some_o active_a thing_n something_o that_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o motion_n and_o action_n in_o the_o universe_n for_o as_o plutarch_n well_o observe_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 3._o it_o be_v impossible_a matter_n alone_o can_v produce_v any_o thing_n unless_o there_o be_v beside_o it_o some_o active_a cause_n sextus_n empiricus_n also_o give_v this_o definition_n of_o matter_n or_o body_n 32._o that_o it_o be_v that_o which_o resist_v other_o thing_n which_o be_v bring_v against_o it_o for_o resistance_n say_v he_o or_o impenetrability_n be_v the_o true_a property_n of_o body_n by_o these_o account_n that_o they_o have_v give_v we_o of_o matter_n or_o body_n it_o be_v very_o easy_a to_o understand_v their_o notion_n or_o idea_n of_o it_o which_o indeed_o be_v the_o just_a and_o true_a one_o they_o think_v matter_n or_o body_n to_o be_v a_o pure_o passive_a thing_n incapable_a of_o move_v or_o act_v by_o itself_o but_o whole_o determine_v either_o by_o some_o internal_a and_o self-moving_a mind_n or_o by_o the_o motion_n and_o impulse_n of_o other_o body_n without_o it_o that_o it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v as_o we_o now_o adays_o speak_v impenetrable_o extend_v and_o do_v so_o fill_v up_o space_n or_o place_n as_o to_o exclude_v any_o other_o body_n from_o be_v in_o the_o same_o place_n with_o it_o at_o the_o same_o time_n if_o to_o this_o you_o add_v what_o aristotle_n and_o some_o other_o say_v of_o it_o that_o it_o be_v also_o capable_a of_o all_o form_n figure_n and_o modification_n you_o have_v then_o the_o whole_a that_o ever_o they_o think_v matter_n can_v do_v or_o be_v now_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v exceed_v clear_o that_o they_o can_v not_o as_o indeed_o we_o find_v actual_o they_o do_v not_o think_v matter_n or_o body_n the_o only_a substance_n in_o the_o world_n and_o that_o the_o deity_n be_v material_a or_o corporeal_a for_o they_o always_o describe_v the_o divine_a nature_n by_o attribute_n and_o property_n that_o be_v the_o very_a reverse_n of_o what_o they_o appropriate_v to_o matter_n or_o body_n god_n they_o have_v tell_v we_o be_v a_o intelligent_a mind_n pervade_v and_o encompass_v all_o thing_n a_o active_a energetical_a principle_n the_o cause_n of_o all_o motion_n and_o operation_n whatever_o intangible_a indivisible_a invisible_a and_o no_o way_n the_o object_n of_o our_o bodily_a sense_n but_o yet_o who_o essence_n be_v plain_o discoverable_a by_o our_o reason_n and_o understanding_n faculty_n this_o be_v as_o we_o have_v see_v the_o notion_n or_o idea_n that_o many_o of_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n have_v of_o the_o deity_n and_o this_o plain_o show_v we_o that_o they_o look_v upon_o he_o to_o be_v what_o st._n john_n here_o define_v he_o a_o incorporeal_a be_v or_o a_o spirit_n there_o be_v indeed_o some_o even_o then_o as_o i_o have_v before_o show_v who_o be_v whole_o immerse_v in_o matter_n themselves_o do_v assert_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o body_n in_o the_o world_n such_o be_v leucippus_n and_o democritus_n and_o afterward_o epicurus_n and_o his_o sect_n who_o pervert_v the_o ancient_a atomical_a and_o true_a philosophy_n to_o a_o atheistical_a sense_n and_o make_v use_v of_o it_o for_o the_o banish_v the_o notion_n and_o belief_n of_o a_o god_n out_o of_o their_o own_o and_o other_o mind_n as_o indeed_o some_o other_o long_o before_o they_o have_v attempt_v to_o do_v paris_n but_o in_o this_o it_o be_v very_o plain_a as_o universe_n a_o excellent_a person_n of_o our_o nation_n have_v observe_v that_o these_o man_n do_v not_o understand_v the_o philosophy_n they_o pretend_v to_o for_o it_o do_v most_o clear_o follow_v from_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o true_a atomical_a or_o corpuscular_a philosophy_n that_o there_o must_v be_v some_o other_o substance_n distinct_a from_o and_o more_o noble_a than_o matter_n and_o which_o be_v of_o a_o immaterial_a incorporeal_a or_o spiritual_a nature_n and_o this_o i_o hope_v it_o will_v not_o be_v judge_v impertinent_a brief_o to_o prove_v at_o this_o time_n because_o some_o who_o seem_v not_o so_o thorough_o to_o understand_v it_o have_v of_o late_o reckon_v the_o mechanical_a philosophy_n among_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o growth_n of_o atheism_n and_o infidelity_n it_o be_v very_o much_o to_o the_o purpose_n that_o the_o ancient_a atomist_n before_o democritus_n and_o leucippus_n do_v plain_o assert_v and_o maintain_v the_o doctrine_n of_o
in_o the_o world_n and_o if_o these_o can_v full_o be_v make_v to_o appear_v i_o hope_v the_o doctrine_n involve_v with_o they_o will_v also_o appear_v false_a and_o precarious_a and_o that_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n of_o the_o real_a existence_n of_o incorporeal_a being_n will_v find_v a_o easy_a admittance_n into_o our_o faith_n but_o here_o i_o must_v premise_v as_o take_v for_o grant_v that_o we_o be_v all_o agree_v on_o the_o definition_n of_o or_o know_v what_o we_o mean_v by_o matter_n or_o body_n viz._n that_o it_o be_v substance_n impenetrable_o extend_v whereby_o we_o distinguish_v it_o from_o spirit_n which_o be_v a_o think_v substance_n without_o corporeal_a extension_n or_o without_o have_v part_n extra_fw-la part_n for_o if_o this_o be_v not_o the_o notion_n which_o our_o adversary_n have_v of_o it_o as_o well_o as_o we_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o dispute_v about_o it_o at_o all_o if_o therefore_o they_o have_v any_o other_o idea_n of_o it_o that_o be_v different_a from_o this_o let_v they_o produce_v it_o and_o make_v it_o as_o clear_v and_o intelligible_a as_o this_o be_v for_o without_o do_v so_o they_o do_v nothing_o to_o the_o purpose_n and_o if_o they_o have_v not_o a_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n of_o matter_n or_o body_n how_o come_v they_o so_o bold_o to_o say_v that_o matter_n and_o substance_n be_v all_o one_o how_o can_v they_o distinguish_v the_o idea_n of_o body_n and_o spirit_n so_o plain_o as_o to_o be_v sure_a there_o can_v be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o a_o incorporeal_a substance_n but_o that_o it_o imply_v a_o contradiction_n unless_o they_o full_o know_v what_o matter_n or_o body_n be_v there_o may_v be_v million_o of_o variety_n and_o degree_n of_o immaterial_a substance_n or_o there_o may_v be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o body_n at_o all_o for_o any_o thing_n they_o can_v prove_v to_o the_o contrary_n the_o atheist_n must_v then_o do_v one_o of_o these_o two_o thing_n he_o must_v either_o establish_v a_o new_a notion_n of_o matter_n that_o shall_v be_v so_o intelligible_a and_o plain_a that_o all_o mankind_n shall_v as_o ready_o acquiesce_v in_o it_o as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o old_a and_o common_a one_o or_o else_o he_o must_v resolve_v to_o keep_v to_o that_o the_o former_a of_o these_o he_o have_v not_o yet_o do_v nor_o i_o believe_v be_v very_o ready_a to_o do_v but_o when_o he_o do_v it_o it_o will_v be_v time_n enough_o to_o consider_v it_o in_o the_o mean_a while_n i_o will_v ready_o join_v issue_n with_o he_o on_o the_o common_a and_o receive_a notion_n of_o body_n and_o from_o thence_o undertake_v to_o maintain_v that_o nothing_o be_v more_o absurd_a and_o unaccountable_a than_o their_o assertion_n that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o substance_n but_o matter_n or_o body_n in_o the_o world_n for_o first_o have_v there_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o matter_n in_o the_o world_n from_o eternity_n and_o if_o there_o be_v nothing_o else_o now_o there_o never_o be_v any_o thing_n else_o i_o can_v possible_o see_v how_o these_o gentleman_n can_v account_v for_o motion_n laert._n or_o show_v we_o how_o matter_n come_v first_o to_o be_v move_v and_o matter_n without_o motion_n sure_o can_v never_o be_v god_n never_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o any_o thing_n nor_o can_v it_o ever_o produce_v act_n or_o do_v any_o thing_n whatever_o before_o motion_n begin_v matter_n can_v have_v be_v nothing_o but_o a_o heavy_a lifeless_a lump_n of_o vast_a extend_a bulk_n which_o must_v have_v lie_v also_o for_o ever_o in_o the_o same_o dead_a and_o unactive_a position_n if_o nothing_o have_v be_v superinduce_v to_o put_v it_o into_o motion_n and_o action_n and_o no_o one_o sure_a can_v be_v so_o stupid_a as_o to_o call_v this_o a_o deity_n this_o be_v as_o mr._n blount_n rude_o and_o irreverent_o express_v himself_o worse_o than_o to_o suppose_v 127._o a_o hum-drum-deity_n chew_v of_o his_o own_o nature_n a_o drone_a god_n that_o sit_v hoard_v up_o of_o his_o providence_n from_o his_o creature_n and_o this_o even_o he_o can_v but_o acknowledge_v be_v a_o atheism_n no_o less_o irrational_a than_o to_o deny_v the_o very_a essence_n of_o a_o divine_a be_v i_o hope_v therefore_o they_o will_v grant_v that_o matter_n without_o motion_n can_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v a_o deity_n and_o if_o so_o than_o the_o divine_a nature_n whatever_o it_o be_v must_v be_v something_o distinct_a from_o and_o more_o noble_a than_o matter_n and_o more_o akin_a to_o motion_n than_o to_o matter_n or_o body_n in_o general_n or_o to_o it_o quatenus_fw-la matter_n as_o the_o school_n speak_v and_o indeed_o motion_n take_v in_o this_o sense_n not_o for_o a_o translation_n of_o body_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o but_o for_o the_o active_a cause_n of_o motion_n may_v be_v very_o well_o say_v to_o be_v incorporeal_a or_o the_o deity_n itself_o but_o how_o come_v this_o motion_n into_o matter_n at_o first_o and_o which_o way_n do_v matter_n attain_v this_o divine_a activity_n or_o godlike_a energy_n here_o they_o must_v assert_v one_o of_o these_o three_o thing_n either_o 1._o that_o motion_n come_v into_o matter_n from_o something_o without_o it_o and_o distinct_a from_o it_o or_o 2._o that_o motion_n be_v essential_a to_o matter_n and_o coeternal_a with_o it_o or_o 3._o that_o it_o come_v into_o it_o afterward_o by_o chance_n or_o without_o any_o cause_n at_o all_o the_o first_o of_o these_o they_o will_v not_o say_v i_o doubt_v because_o it_o be_v truth_n but_o however_o if_o they_o do_v our_o controversy_n be_v at_o a_o end_n for_o we_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v a_o divine_a and_o powerful_a mind_n perfect_o distinct_a from_o and_o more_o noble_a than_o matter_n who_o first_o make_v it_o and_o move_v it_o and_o do_v still_o continue_v to_o modify_v and_o dispose_v it_o according_a to_o his_o infinite_a wisdom_n and_o providence_n and_o one_o will_v think_v no_o man_n can_v be_v so_o senseless_a as_o to_o maintain_v the_o last_o viz._n that_o motion_n come_v into_o matter_n without_o any_o cause_n at_o all_o and_o that_o it_o be_v chance_n only_o that_o first_o produce_v it_o for_o chance_n here_o signify_v nothing_o in_o reality_n and_o true_o man_n that_o will_v be_v so_o ridiculous_o absurd_a as_o to_o assert_v that_o a_o body_n or_o particle_n of_o matter_n that_o be_v once_o at_o rest_n may_v move_v by_o chance_n only_o or_o may_v chance_v to_o move_v of_o itself_o though_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o cause_v its_o motion_n deserve_v no_o serious_a refutation_n but_o aught_o to_o be_v treat_v only_o as_o we_o do_v fool_n and_o madman_n with_o silent_a pity_n and_o compassion_n and_o yet_o so_o very_o fond_a be_v some_o person_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o oppose_v truth_n that_o they_o will_v run_v into_o the_o great_a absurdity_n to_o maintain_v it_o for_o a_o late_a corporealist_n be_v please_v to_o say_v 7._o that_o matter_n can_v move_v of_o itself_o and_o to_o show_v his_o deep_a skill_n in_o philosophy_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o wind_n fire_n 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i_o do_v believe_v never_o yet_o befall_v any_o rational_a and_o think_v man._n when_o zeno_n bring_v his_o silly_a sophisticals_n argument_n to_o prove_v there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o motion_n his_o antagonist_n think_v it_o to_o no_o purpose_n to_o return_v a_o answer_n to_o what_o plain_o be_v contradictory_n to_o the_o common_a sense_n of_o mankind_n and_o therefore_o convince_v he_o only_o by_o get_v up_o and_o walk_v and_o the_o very_a same_o return_n will_v baffle_v and_o expose_v all_o the_o pretend_a argument_n for_o necessity_n for_o it_o be_v plain_a he_o have_v a_o power_n first_o whether_o he_o will_v have_v walk_v or_o not_o he_o can_v have_v walk_v five_o turn_v or_o fifty_o he_o can_v have_v go_v across_o the_o room_n or_o length-wise_a round_o it_o or_o from_o angle_n to_o angle_n and_o i_o dare_v say_v no_o sophistry_n or_o metaphysic_n whatever_o will_v have_v convince_v he_o that_o none_o of_o these_o be_v in_o his_o power_n when_o he_o plain_o find_v they_o 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place_n and_o as_o i_o have_v plain_o show_v you_o above_o our_o adversary_n do_v grant_v and_o allow_v this_o when_o it_o be_v for_o their_o turn_n but_o they_o will_v say_v though_o we_o seem_v to_o be_v free_a and_o do_v think_v and_o perceive_v ourselves_o to_o be_v so_o yet_o in_o reality_n we_o be_v not_o and_o it_o be_v only_o our_o ignorance_n of_o thing_n and_o cause_n which_o induce_v we_o to_o be_v of_o this_o mistake_a opinion_n 37._o and_o the_o idea_n of_o liberty_n which_o man_n have_v be_v this_o that_o they_o know_v no_o cause_n of_o their_o action_n for_o to_o say_v they_o depend_v on_o the_o will_n be_v to_o talk_v about_o what_o they_o do_v not_o understand_v and_o to_o use_v word_n of_o which_o they_o have_v no_o idea_n at_o all_o to_o which_o i_o say_v that_o i_o can_v but_o be_v of_o the_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v a_o good_a rational_a way_n enough_o of_o proceed_v to_o pronounce_v of_o thing_n according_a as_o we_o do_v experience_n they_o to_o be_v and_o to_o declare_v they_o to_o be_v that_o which_o we_o have_v all_o the_o reason_n in_o the_o world_n to_o think_v and_o believe_v that_o they_o real_o be_v and_o i_o think_v we_o may_v well_o enough_o own_o and_o be_v content_v with_o the_o charge_n of_o ignorance_n here_o lay_v upon_o we_o for_o the_o case_n be_v thus_o we_o think_v ourselves_o free_a because_o we_o plain_o find_v and_o experiment_n ourselves_o to_o be_v so_o in_o a_o thousand_o instance_n and_o this_o also_o these_o penetrate_a gentleman_n sometime_o as_o i_o have_v show_v do_v kind_o allow_v and_o we_o be_v indeed_o whole_o ignorant_a of_o any_o cause_n that_o do_v absolute_o determine_v we_o to_o action_n or_o which_o do_v necessitate_v we_o in_o what_o we_o do_v previous_a to_o that_o free_a power_n which_o we_o find_v in_o ourselves_o so_o that_o plain_o perceive_v ourselves_o to_o have_v this_o free_a power_n and_o be_v ignorant_a of_o any_o true_a reason_n why_o we_o shall_v believe_v we_o be_v mistake_v in_o what_o we_o perceive_v and_o know_v we_o do_v indeed_o such_o be_v our_o ignorance_n and_o weakness_n embrace_v the_o opinion_n that_o there_o be_v a_o liberty_n of_o action_n in_o human_a nature_n and_o this_o free_a power_n or_o liberty_n which_o we_o find_v in_o we_o we_o not_o be_v deep_a metaphysician_n call_v the_o will_n by_o which_o we_o understand_v as_o i_o have_v show_v before_o not_o any_o particular_a act_n of_o volition_n but_o the_o power_n or_o faculty_n of_o willing_a and_o since_o we_o plain_o perceive_v that_o in_o many_o case_n we_o be_v not_o determine_v to_o action_n by_o any_o thing_n without_o we_o but_o do_v choose_v or_o refuse_v act_n or_o not_o act_v according_a as_o we_o please_v and_o be_v withal_o gross_o ignorant_a of_o any_o cause_n these_o action_n have_v but_o what_o we_o find_v and_o perceive_v they_o to_o have_v we_o call_v our_o free_a will_n the_o cause_n of_o these_o action_n and_o say_v they_o depend_v on_o it_o and_o yet_o after_o all_o do_v we_o not_o find_v out_o that_o we_o talk_v about_o what_o we_o do_v not_o understand_v and_o use_v word_n that_o we_o have_v no_o idea_n of_o but_o our_o adversary_n it_o seem_v have_v a_o quite_o different_a relish_n of_o thing_n they_o soar_v in_o a_o high_a and_o more_o subtle_a region_n they_o will_v not_o condescend_v to_o speak_v common_a sense_n in_o this_o matter_n though_o they_o plain_o understand_v as_o they_o tell_v we_o that_o they_o be_v real_o free_a as_o to_o many_o action_n and_o can_v deliberate_v whether_o they_o will_v do_v they_o or_o not_o pure_o because_o they_o have_v a_o free_a power_n so_o to_o do_v 103._o though_o they_o be_v satisfy_v that_o they_o can_v act_v if_o they_o will_v
or_o forbear_v if_o they_o will_v 314._o yet_o they_o say_v this_o be_v in_o reality_n a_o mistake_n and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o freedom_n after_o all_o but_o that_o all_o action_n be_v absolute_o necessitate_v and_o as_o for_o the_o power_n or_o faculty_n which_o be_v vulgar_o call_v the_o will_n that_o sometime_o be_v one_o thing_n sometime_o another_o according_a as_o they_o think_v fit_a to_o name_v it_o sometime_o it_o be_v a_o act_n of_o volition_n that_o follow_v the_o ultimum_fw-la dictamen_fw-la intellectûs_fw-la and_o sometime_o it_o be_v the_o understanding_n itself_o 88_o now_o it_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o idea_n 399._o and_o by_o and_o by_o a_o mere_a ens_fw-la rationis_fw-la 399._o or_o a_o imaginary_a cause_n of_o action_n which_o ignorant_a man_n have_v fancy_v that_o they_o have_v in_o themselves_o 73._o so_o hard_o be_v it_o for_o man_n that_o fly_v so_o high_a to_o have_v a_o distinct_a view_n of_o any_o thing_n below_o but_o i_o proceed_v 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the_o difficulty_n about_o the_o freedom_n of_o the_o will_n of_o man_n which_o a_o sceptical_a man_n may_v raise_v against_o it_o much_o less_o ought_v we_o to_o embrace_v a_o opinion_n that_o perfect_o contradict_v it_o as_o this_o of_o absolute_a necessity_n certain_o do_v for_o if_o all_o thing_n and_o action_n whatever_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a and_o can_v possible_o be_v otherwise_o than_o they_o be_v there_o can_v be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o good_a or_o evil_a right_a or_o wrong_n honourable_a or_o base_a etc._n etc._n and_o why_o shall_v any_o creature_n trouble_v themselves_o about_o pay_v any_o veneration_n to_o the_o deity_n if_o that_o he_o can_v not_o help_v make_v they_o just_o such_o as_o they_o be_v and_o if_o he_o have_v absolute_o necessitate_v they_o to_o do_v just_a as_o they_o do_v god_n have_v according_a to_o these_o horrid_a principle_n no_o natural_a right_n to_o any_o obedience_n from_o we_o as_o a_o free_a agent_n will_v who_o have_v out_o of_o his_o own_o gracious_a goodness_n bestow_v so_o many_o gift_n and_o mercy_n upon_o we_o this_o mr._n hobbs_n well_o know_v and_o therefore_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o there_o be_v no_o obedience_n due_a to_o god_n out_o of_o gratitude_n to_o he_o for_o create_v or_o preserve_v we_o etc._n etc._n 187._o but_o what_o we_o pay_v he_o be_v found_v only_o in_o his_o irresistible_a power_n and_o so_o likewise_o as_o to_o human_a law_n and_o the_o good_a of_o the_o government_n or_o commonwealth_n where_o we_o be_v place_v no_o man_n according_a to_o these_o abominable_a tenet_n have_v any_o obligation_n upon_o he_o to_o obey_v ruler_n to_o be_v just_a and_o honest_a in_o his_o deal_n to_o be_v love_v and_o merciful_a helpful_a and_o beneficial_a to_o his_o neighbour_n but_o he_o may_v rebel_v murder_n rob_n and_o oppress_v without_o be_v subject_a to_o any_o guilt_n at_o all_o and_o if_o he_o can_v but_o escape_v punishment_n from_o the_o magistrate_n he_o be_v safe_a enough_o and_o have_v no_o 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