observation_n concern_v the_o original_a and_o various_a form_n of_o government_n as_o describe_v viz._n 1_o sy_n upon_o aristotle_n politic_n 2_o d._n mr._n hobbs's_fw-fr laviathan_n 3_o d._n mr._n milton_n against_o salmatius_n 4_o the_o hugo_n grotius_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la bello_fw-la 5_o the_o mr._n hunton_n treatise_n of_o monarchy_n or_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o limit_a or_o mix_v monarchy_n by_o the_o learned_a sir_n r._n filmer_n baronet_n to_o which_o be_v add_v the_o power_n of_o king_n with_o direction_n for_o obedience_n to_o government_n in_o dangerous_a and_o doubtful_a time_n london_n print_v for_o r._n r._n c._n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o thomas_n axe_n at_o the_o blew-ball_n in_o duck-lane_n 1696._o augustissimi_fw-la caroli_n secundi_fw-la dei_fw-la gratia_n angliae_fw-la scotiae_fw-la francia_fw-la et_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la rex_fw-la bona_fw-la agere_fw-la &_o mala_fw-la pati_fw-la regium_fw-la est_fw-la page_n 1._o the_o author_n preface_n there_o be_v a_o general_a belief_n that_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n be_v at_o first_o a_o imitation_n of_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n in_o france_n therefore_o in_o order_n to_o prepare_v the_o understanding_n in_o the_o recerche_n we_o have_v in_o hand_n it_o be_v proper_a to_o give_v a_o brief_a account_n of_o the_o mode_n of_o france_n in_o those_o assembly_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n be_v also_o under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n a_o touch_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o parliament_n shall_v be_v by_o way_n of_o preface_n 1._o in_o france_n the_o king_n writ_n go_v to_o the_o bailiff_n seneschal_n or_o steward_n of_o liberty_n who_o issue_n out_o warrant_v to_o all_o such_o as_o have_v fee_n and_o land_n within_o their_o liberty_n and_o to_o all_o town_n require_v all_o such_o as_o have_v any_o complaint_n to_o meet_v in_o the_o principal_a city_n there_o to_o choose_v two_o or_o three_o delegate_n in_o the_o name_n of_o that_o province_n to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o general_n assembly_n at_o the_o day_n appoint_v they_o meet_v at_o the_o principal_a city_n of_o the_o bailiwick_n the_o king_n be_v write_v be_v read_v and_o every_o man_n call_v by_o name_n and_o swear_v to_o choose_v honest_a man_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o general_n assembly_n as_o delegate_n faithful_o to_o deliver_v their_o grievance_n and_o demand_n of_o the_o province_n then_o they_o choose_v their_o delegate_n and_o swear_v they_o next_o they_o consult_v what_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v complain_v of_o or_o what_o be_v to_o be_v desire_v of_o the_o king_n and_o of_o these_o thing_n they_o make_v a_o catalogue_n or_o index_n and_o because_o every_o man_n shall_v free_o propound_v his_o complaint_n or_o demand_n there_o be_v a_o chest_n place_v in_o the_o town-hall_n into_o which_o every_o man_n may_v cast_v his_o write_n after_o the_o catalogue_n be_v make_v and_o sign_v it_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o delegate_n to_o carry_v to_o the_o general_n assembly_n all_o the_o bailiwick_n be_v divide_v into_o twelve_o class_n to_o avoid_v confusion_n and_o to_o the_o end_n there_o may_v not_o be_v too_o great_a delay_n in_o the_o assembly_n by_o the_o gather_v of_o all_o the_o vote_n every_o classis_fw-la compile_v a_o catalogue_n or_o book_n of_o the_o grievance_n and_o demand_n of_o all_o the_o bailiwick_n within_o that_o classis_fw-la than_o these_o class_n at_o the_o assembly_n compose_v one_o book_n of_o the_o grievance_n and_o demand_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n this_o be_v the_o order_n of_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n the_o like_a order_n be_v observe_v by_o the_o clergy_n and_o nobility_n when_o the_o three_o book_n for_o the_o three_o estate_n be_v perfect_v than_o they_o present_v they_o to_o the_o king_n by_o their_o precedent_n first_o the_o precedent_n for_o the_o clergy_n begin_v his_o oration_n on_o his_o knee_n and_o the_o king_n command_v he_o stand_v up_o bareheaded_a and_o proceed_v and_o so_o the_o next_o precedent_n for_o the_o nobility_n do_v the_o like_a but_o the_o precedent_n for_o the_o commons_o begin_v and_o end_v his_o oration_n on_o his_o knee_n whilst_o the_o precedent_n for_o the_o clergy_n speak_v the_o rest_n of_o that_o order_n rise_v up_o and_o stand_v bare_a till_o they_o be_v bid_v by_o the_o king_n to_o sit_v down_o and_o be_v cover_v and_o so_o the_o like_a for_o the_o nobility_n but_o whilst_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o commons_o speak_v the_o rest_n be_v neither_o bid_v to_o sit_v or_o be_v cover_v thus_o the_o grievance_n and_o demand_n be_v deliver_v and_o leave_v to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n the_o general_n assembly_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n end_v atque_fw-la ita_fw-la totus_fw-la actus_fw-la concluditur_fw-la thus_o it_o appear_v the_o general_n assembly_n be_v but_o a_o orderly_a way_n of_o present_v the_o public_a grievance_n and_o demand_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o king_n not_o much_o unlike_o the_o ancient_a usage_n of_o this_o kingdom_n for_o a_o long_a time_n when_o all_o law_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o king_n answer_n to_o the_o petition_n present_v to_o he_o in_o parliament_n as_o be_v apparent_a by_o very_a many_o statute_n parliament-roll_n and_o the_o confession_n of_o sir_n edw._n coke_n 2._o in_o scotland_n about_o twenty_o day_n before_o the_o parliament_n begin_v proclamation_n be_v make_v throughout_o the_o kingdom_n to_o deliver_v in_o to_o the_o king_n clerk_n or_o master_n of_o the_o roll_n all_o bill_n to_o be_v exhibit_v that_o session_n before_o a_o certain_a day_n then_o be_v they_o bring_v to_o the_o king_n and_o peruse_v by_o he_o and_o only_o such_o as_o he_o allow_v be_v put_v into_o the_o chancellour_n hand_n to_o be_v propound_v in_o parliament_n and_o none_o other_o and_o if_o any_o man_n in_o parliament_n speak_v of_o another_o matter_n than_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o king_n the_o chancellor_n tell_v he_o there_o be_v no_o such_o bill_n allow_v by_o the_o king_n when_o they_o have_v pass_v they_o for_o law_n they_o be_v present_v to_o the_o king_n who_o with_o his_o sceptre_n put_v into_o his_o hand_n by_o the_o chancellor_n ratify_v they_o and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n the_o king_n dislike_v they_o raze_v it_o out_o before_o 3._o in_o ireland_n the_o parliament_n as_o appear_v by_o a_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o ten_o year_n of_o hen._n 7._o c._n 4._o be_v to_o be_v after_o this_o manner_n no_o parliament_n be_v to_o be_v hold_v but_o at_o such_o season_n as_o the_o king_n lieutenant_n and_o council_n there_o do_v first_o certify_v the_o king_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o that_o land_n the_o cause_n and_o consideration_n and_o all_o such_o act_n as_o they_o think_v fit_a shall_v pass_v in_o the_o say_a parliament_n and_o such_o cause_n and_o consideration_n and_o act_v affirm_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n to_o be_v good_a and_o expedient_a for_o that_o land_n and_o his_o licence_n thereupon_o as_o well_o in_o affirmation_n of_o the_o say_a cause_n and_o act_n as_o to_o summon_v the_o parliament_n under_o his_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n have_v and_o obtain_v that_o do_v a_o parliament_n to_o be_v have_v and_o hold_v after_o the_o form_n and_o effect_v afore-rehearsed_n and_o if_o any_o parliament_n be_v hold_v in_o that_o land_n contrary_a to_o the_o form_n and_o provision_n aforesaid_a it_o be_v deem_v void_a and_o of_o none_o effect_v in_o law_n it_o be_v provide_v that_o all_o such_o bill_n as_o shall_v be_v offer_v to_o the_o parliament_n there_o shall_v be_v first_o transmit_v hither_o under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o that_o kingdom_n and_o have_v receive_v allowance_n and_o approbation_n here_o shall_v be_v put_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o so_o return_v thither_o to_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o parliament_n by_o a_o statute_n of_o 3_o and_o 4_o of_o philip_n and_o mary_n for_o the_o expound_v of_o poynings_n act_n it_o be_v order_v for_o the_o king_n be_v pass_v of_o the_o say_a act_n in_o such_o form_n and_o tenor_n as_o they_o shall_v be_v send_v into_o england_n or_o else_o for_o the_o change_n of_o they_o or_o any_o part_n of_o they_o after_o this_o short_a narrative_a of_o the_o usage_n of_o parliament_n in_o our_o neighbour_n and_o fellow_n kingdom_n it_o be_v time_n the_o inquisitio_fw-la magna_fw-la of_o our_o own_o be_v offer_v to_o the_o verdict_n or_o judgement_n of_o a_o moderate_a and_o intelligent_a reader_n rob._n filmer_n a_o collection_n of_o the_o several_a tract_n write_v by_o sir_n robert_n filmer_n knight_n i._o the_o freeholders_n grand_a inquest_n touch_v our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o his_o parliament_n to_o which_o be_v add_v observation_n upon_o form_n of_o government_n together_o with_o direction_n for_o obedience_n
for_o he_o to_o inquire_v what_o and_o whence_o that_o power_n be_v and_o how_o far_o it_o reach_v the_o chief_a writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o peer_n be_v in_o these_o word_n carolus_n dei_fw-la gratia_n etc._n etc._n reverendissimo_fw-la in_o christo_fw-la patri_fw-la g._n eadem_fw-la gratia_fw-la archiepiscopo_fw-la cantuariensi_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la primati_fw-la &_o metropolitano_n salutem_fw-la quia_fw-la de_fw-la advisamento_fw-la &_o assensu_fw-la concilii_fw-la nostri_fw-la pro_fw-la quibusdam_fw-la arduis_fw-la &_o urgentibus_fw-la negotiis_fw-la nos_fw-la &_o statum_fw-la &_o defensionem_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o ecclesiae_fw-la anglicanae_n concernentibus_fw-la quoddam_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la apud_fw-la w._n etc._n etc._n teneri_fw-la ordinavimus_fw-la &_o ibidem_fw-la vobiscum_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la caeteris_fw-la praelatis_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la &_o proceribus_fw-la dicti_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la angliae_fw-la colloquium_fw-la habere_fw-la &_o tractatum_fw-la vobis_fw-la in_o fide_fw-la &_o dilectione_n quibus_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenemini_fw-la firmiter_fw-la injungendo_fw-la mandamus_fw-la quod_fw-la consideratis_fw-la dictorum_fw-la negotiorum_fw-la ardititate_fw-la &_o periculis_fw-la imminentibus_fw-la cessante_fw-la quacunque_fw-la excusatione_fw-la dictis_fw-la die_fw-la &_o loco_fw-la personaliter_fw-la intersitis_fw-la nobiscum_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la caeteris_fw-la praelatis_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la &_o proceribus_fw-la praedictis_fw-la super_fw-la dictis_fw-la negotiis_fw-la tractaturi_fw-la vestrumque_fw-la concilium_fw-la impensuri_fw-la &_o hoc_fw-la sicut_fw-la nos_fw-la &_o honorem_fw-la nostrum_fw-la ac_fw-la salvationem_fw-la regni_fw-la praedicti_fw-la ac_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la sanctae_fw-la expeditionemque_fw-la dictorum_fw-la negotiorum_fw-la diligitis_fw-la nullatenus_fw-la omittatis_fw-la praemonentes_fw-la decanum_n &_o capitulum_n ecclesiae_fw-la vestrae_fw-la cantuariensis_n ac_fw-la archidiaconos_n totumque_fw-la clerum_fw-la vestrae_fw-la diocesis_fw-la quod_fw-la idem_fw-la decanus_n &_o archidiaconi_fw-la in_o propriis_fw-la personis_fw-la suis_fw-la ac_fw-la dictum_fw-la capitulum_n per_fw-la unum_fw-la idemque_fw-la clerus_fw-la per_fw-la duos_fw-la procuratores_fw-la idoneos_fw-la plenam_fw-la &_o sufficientem_fw-la potestatem_fw-la ab_fw-la ipsis_fw-la capitulo_fw-la &_o clero_fw-la habentes_fw-la praedictis_fw-la die_fw-la &_o loco_fw-la personaliter_fw-la intersint_fw-la ad_fw-la consentiendum_fw-la hiis_fw-la quae_fw-la tunc_fw-la ibidem_fw-la de_fw-la commune_fw-la concilio_n ipsius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la divina_fw-la favente_fw-la clementia_n contigerint_fw-la ordinari_fw-la testae_fw-la meipso_fw-la apud_fw-la westm_n '_o etc._n etc._n charles_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n etc._n etc._n to_o the_o most_o reverend_a father_n in_o christ_n w._n by_o the_o same_o grace_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n primate_n and_o metropolitan_a of_o all_o england_n health_n whereas_o by_o the_o advice_n and_o assent_n of_o our_o council_n for_o certain_a difficult_a and_o urgent_a business_n concern_v we_o the_o state_n and_o defence_n of_o our_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o of_o the_o english_a church_n we_o have_v ordain_v a_o certain_a parliament_n of_o we_o to_o be_v hold_v at_o w._n etc._n etc._n and_o there_o to_o have_v conference_n and_o to_o treat_v with_o you_o the_o prelate_n great_a man_n and_o peer_n of_o our_o say_a kingdom_n we_o strait_o charge_v and_o command_n by_o the_o faith_n and_o love_n by_o which_o you_o be_v bind_v to_o we_o that_o consider_v the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o business_n aforesaid_a and_o the_o imminent_a danger_n and_o set_v aside_o all_o excuse_n you_o be_v personal_o present_a at_o the_o day_n and_o place_n aforesaid_a to_o treat_v and_o give_v your_o counsel_n concern_v the_o say_a business_n and_o this_o as_o you_o love_v we_o and_o our_o honour_n and_o the_o safeguard_n of_o the_o foresay_a kingdom_n and_o church_n and_o the_o expedition_n of_o the_o say_a business_n you_o must_v no_o way_n omit_v forewarn_n the_o dean_n and_o chapter_n of_o your_o church_n of_o canterbury_n and_o the_o archdeacon_n and_o all_o the_o clergy_n of_o your_o diocese_n that_o the_o same_o dean_n and_o the_o archdeacon_n in_o their_o proper_a person_n and_o the_o say_a chapter_n by_o one_o and_o the_o say_a clergy_n by_o two_o fit_a proctor_n have_v full_a and_o sufficient_a power_n from_o they_o the_o chapter_n and_o clergy_n be_v personal_o present_a at_o the_o foresay_a day_n and_o place_n to_o consent_v to_o those_o thing_n which_o then_o and_o there_o shall_v happen_v by_o the_o favour_n of_o god_n to_o be_v ordain_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o our_o kingdom_n witness_v ourselves_o at_o westm_n '_o the_o same_o form_n of_o writ_n mutatis_fw-la mutandis_fw-la conclude_v with_o you_o must_v no_o way_n omit_v witness_v etc._n etc._n be_v to_o the_o temporal_a baron_n but_o whereas_o the_o spiritual_a baron_n be_v require_v by_o the_o faith_n and_o love_n the_o temporal_a be_v require_v by_o their_o allegiance_n or_o homage_n the_o difference_n between_o the_o two_o writ_n be_v that_o the_o lord_n be_v to_o treat_v and_o to_o give_v counsel_n the_o commons_o be_v to_o perform_v and_o consent_v to_o what_o be_v ordain_v by_o this_o writ_n the_o lord_n have_v a_o deliberative_a or_o a_o consultive_a power_n to_o treat_v and_o give_v counsel_n in_o difficult_a business_n and_o so_o likewise_o have_v the_o judge_n baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n the_o king_n council_n and_o the_o master_n of_o the_o chancery_n by_o their_o writ_n but_o over_o and_o beside_o this_o power_n the_o lord_n do_v exercise_v a_o decisive_a or_o judicial_a power_n which_o be_v not_o mention_v or_o find_v in_o their_o writ_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o these_o two_o different_a power_n we_o must_v careful_o note_v the_o distinction_n between_o a_o judge_n and_o a_o counsellor_n in_o a_o monarchy_n the_o ordinary_a duty_n or_o office_n of_o a_o judge_n be_v to_o give_v judgement_n and_o to_o command_v in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o king_n but_o the_o ordinary_a duty_n of_o a_o counsellor_n be_v to_o advise_v the_o king_n what_o he_o himself_o shall_v do_v or_o cause_n to_o be_v do_v the_o judge_n represent_v the_o king_n person_n in_o his_o absence_n the_o counsellor_n in_o the_o king_n presence_n give_v his_o advice_n judge_n by_o their_o commission_n or_o institution_n be_v limit_v their_o charge_n and_o power_n and_o in_o such_o thing_n they_o may_v judge_v and_o cause_v their_o judgement_n to_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n but_o counsellor_n have_v no_o power_n to_o command_v their_o consultation_n to_o be_v execute_v for_o that_o be_v to_o take_v away_o the_o sovereignty_n from_o their_o prince_n who_o by_o his_o wisdom_n be_v to_o weigh_v the_o advice_n of_o his_o council_n and_o at_o liberty_n to_o resolve_v according_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o wise_a part_n of_o his_o council_n and_o not_o always_o of_o the_o great_a in_o a_o word_n regular_o a_o councillor_n have_v no_o power_n but_o in_o the_o king_n presence_n and_o a_o judge_v no_o power_n but_o out_o of_o his_o presence_n these_o two_o power_n thus_o distinguish_v have_v yet_o such_o correspondency_n and_o there_o be_v so_o near_a affinity_n between_o the_o act_n of_o judge_v and_o counsel_v that_o although_o the_o ordinary_a power_n of_o the_o judge_n be_v to_o give_v judgement_n yet_o by_o their_o oath_n they_o be_v bind_v in_o cause_n extraordinary_a when_o the_o king_n please_v to_o call_v they_o to_o be_v his_o counsellor_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n although_o the_o proper_a work_n of_o a_o counsellor_n be_v only_o to_o make_v report_n of_o his_o advice_n to_o his_o sovereign_n yet_o many_o time_n for_o the_o ease_n only_o and_o by_o the_o permission_n of_o the_o king_n councillor_n be_v allow_v to_o judge_v and_o command_v in_o point_n wherein_o ordinary_o they_o know_v the_o mind_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o what_o they_o do_v be_v the_o act_n of_o the_o royal_a power_n itself_o for_o the_o council_n be_v always_o presuppose_a to_o be_v unite_v to_o the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o council_n be_v style_v by_o the_o king_n in_o his_o privy_a council_n to_o apply_v this_o distinction_n to_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n when_o find_v original_o they_o be_v call_v as_o counsellor_n to_o the_o king_n and_o so_o have_v only_o a_o deliberative_a power_n specify_v in_o their_o writ_n and_o therefore_o the_o lord_n do_v only_o then_o proper_o perform_v the_o duty_n for_o which_o they_o be_v call_v when_o they_o be_v in_o the_o king_n presence_n that_o he_o may_v have_v conference_n and_o treat_v with_o they_o the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o writ_n be_v nobiscum_fw-la ac_fw-la cum_fw-la praelatis_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la &_o proceribus_fw-la praedictis_fw-la super_fw-la dictis_fw-la negotiis_fw-la tractaturi_fw-la vestrumque_fw-la concilium_fw-la impensuri_fw-la with_o we_o and_o with_o the_o prelate_n great_a man_n and_o peer_n to_o treat_v and_o give_v your_o council_n the_o word_n nobiscum_fw-la imply_v plain_o the_o king_n presence_n it_o be_v a_o thing_n in_o reason_n most_o absurd_a to_o make_v the_o king_n assent_v to_o the_o judgement_n in_o parliament_n and_o allow_v he_o no_o part_n in_o the_o consultation_n this_o be_v to_o make_v
and_o florence_n becket_n shall_v sue_v no_o further_o in_o their_o cause_n against_o alice_n radley_n widow_n for_o land_n in_o wolwich_n and_o plumsted_n in_o kent_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o matter_n have_v be_v hear_v first_o before_o the_o council_n of_o edw._n 4._o after_o that_o before_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o request_n of_o that_o king_n hen._n 7._o and_o then_o last_o before_o the_o council_n of_o the_o say_a king_n 1_o h._n 7._o in_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n 3._o a_o order_n or_o provision_n be_v make_v by_o the_o king_n council_n and_o it_o be_v plead_v at_o the_o common_a law_n in_o bar_n to_o a_o writ_n of_o dower_n the_o plaintiff_n attorney_n can_v not_o deny_v it_o and_o thereupon_o the_o judgement_n be_v ideo_fw-la sine_fw-la die_fw-la it_o seem_v in_o those_o day_n a_o order_n of_o the_o king_n council_n be_v either_o parcel_n of_o the_o common_a law_n or_o above_o it_o also_o we_o may_v find_v the_o judge_n have_v have_v regard_n that_o before_o they_o will_v resolve_v or_o give_v judgement_n in_o new_a case_n they_o consult_v with_o the_o king_n be_v privy_a council_n in_o the_o case_n of_o adam_n brabson_n who_o be_v assault_v by_o r._n w._n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o assize_n at_o westminster_n the_o judge_n will_v have_v the_o advice_n of_o the_o king_n council_n for_o in_o a_o like_a case_n because_o r._n c._n do_v strike_v a_o juror_n at_o westminster_n which_o pass_v against_o one_o of_o his_o friend_n it_o be_v adjudge_v by_o all_o the_o council_n that_o his_o right_a hand_n shall_v be_v cut_v off_o and_o his_o land_n and_o good_n forfeit_v to_o the_o king_n green_n and_o thorp_n be_v send_v by_o the_o judge_n to_o the_o king_n council_n to_o demand_v of_o they_o whether_o by_o the_o stat._n of_o 14_o edw._n 3.16_o a_o word_n may_v be_v amend_v in_o a_o writ_n and_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o a_o word_n may_v be_v well_o amend_v although_o the_o stat._n speak_v but_o of_o a_o letter_n or_o syllable_n in_o the_o case_n of_o sir_n thomas_n ogthred_n who_o bring_v a_o formedon_n against_o a_o poor_a man_n and_o his_o wife_n they_o come_v and_o yield_v to_o the_o demandant_n which_o seem_v suspicious_a to_o the_o court_n whereupon_o judgement_n be_v stay_v and_o thorp_n say_v that_o in_o the_o like_a case_n of_o giles_n blacket_n it_o be_v speak_v of_o in_o parliament_n and_o we_o be_v command_v that_o when_o any_o like_a shall_v come_v we_o shall_v not_o go_v to_o judgement_n without_o good_a advice_n therefore_o the_o judge_n conclusion_n be_v sue_v au_o counsel_n &_o comment_v ill_n voilent_a que_fw-fr nous_fw-fr devomus_fw-la fair_a nous_fw-fr volume_n fair_a &_o autrement_fw-fr ment_fw-mi en_fw-fr cest_fw-fr case_n sue_v to_o the_o council_n and_o as_o they_o will_v have_v we_o to_o do_v we_o will_v do_v and_o otherwise_o not_o in_o this_o case_n 39_o edw._n 3._o thus_o we_o see_v the_o judge_n themselves_o be_v guide_v by_o the_o king_n council_n and_o yet_o the_o opinion_n of_o judge_n have_v guide_v the_o lord_n in_o parliament_n in_o point_n of_o law_n all_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o realm_n baron_n of_o exchequer_n of_o the_o quoif_n the_o king_n learned_a council_n and_o the_o civilian_n master_n of_o chancery_n be_v call_v temporal_a assistant_n by_o sir_n edw._n coke_n and_o though_o he_o deny_v they_o voice_n in_o parliament_n yet_o he_o confess_v that_o by_o their_o writ_n they_o have_v power_n both_o to_o treat_v and_o to_o give_v counsel_n i_o can_v find_v that_o the_o lord_n have_v any_o other_o power_n by_o their_o writ_n the_o word_n of_o the_o lord_n write_v be_v that_o you_o be_v present_a with_o we_o the_o prelate_n great_a man_n and_o peer_n to_o treat_v and_o give_v your_o counsel_n the_o word_n of_o the_o judge_n write_v be_v that_o you_o be_v present_a with_o we_o and_o other_o of_o the_o council_n and_o sometime_o with_o we_o only_o to_o treat_v and_o give_v your_o counsel_n the_o judge_n usual_o join_v in_o committee_n with_o the_o lord_n in_o all_o parliament_n even_o in_o queen_n eliz._n reign_n until_o her_o 39th_o year_n and_o then_o upon_o the_o seven_o of_o november_n the_o judge_n be_v appoint_v to_o attend_v the_o lord_n and_o whereas_o the_o judge_n have_v liberty_n in_o the_o upper_a house_n itself_o upon_o leave_n give_v they_o by_o the_o l._n keeper_n to_o cover_v themselves_o now_o at_o committee_n they_o sit_v always_o uncover_v the_o power_n of_o judge_n in_o parliament_n be_v best_a understand_v if_o we_o consider_v how_o the_o judicial_a power_n of_o peer_n have_v be_v exercise_v in_o matter_n of_o judicature_n we_o may_v find_v it_o have_v be_v the_o practice_n that_o though_o the_o lord_n in_o the_o king_n absence_n give_v judgement_n in_o point_n of_o law_n yet_o they_o be_v to_o be_v direct_v and_o regulate_v by_o the_o king_n judge_n who_o be_v best_a able_a to_o give_v direction_n in_o the_o difficult_a point_n of_o the_o law_n which_o ordinary_o be_v unknown_a to_o the_o lord_n and_o therefore_o if_o any_o error_n be_v commit_v in_o the_o king_n bench_n which_o be_v the_o high_a ordinary_a court_n of_o common_a law_n in_o the_o kingdom_n that_o error_n must_v be_v redress_v in_o parliament_n and_o the_o manner_n be_v say_v the_o lord_n chancellor_n egerton_n if_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n be_v sue_v in_o parl._n upon_o a_o judgement_n give_v by_o the_o judge_n in_o the_o king_n bench_n the_o lord_n of_o the_o high_a house_n alone_o without_o the_o commons_o be_v to_o examine_v the_o error_n the_o lord_n be_v to_o proceed_v according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o for_o their_o judgement_n therein_o they_o be_v to_o be_v inform_v by_o the_o advice_n and_o council_n of_o the_o judge_n who_o be_v to_o inform_v they_o what_o the_o law_n be_v and_o to_o direct_v they_o in_o their_o judgement_n for_o the_o lord_n be_v not_o to_o follow_v their_o own_o discretion_n or_o opinion_n otherwise_o 28_o hen._n 6._o the_o commons_o make_v suit_n that_o w._n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr pool_n d._n of_o suffolk_n shall_v be_v commit_v to_o prison_n for_o many_o treason_n and_o other_o crime_n the_o lord_n of_o the_o high_a house_n be_v doubtful_a what_o answer_v to_o give_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o judge_n be_v demand_v their_o opinion_n be_v that_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v commit_v for_o that_o the_o commons_o do_v not_o charge_v he_o with_o any_o particular_a offence_n but_o with_o general_a report_n and_o slander_n this_o opinion_n be_v allow_v 31_o hen._n 6._o a_o parliament_n be_v prorogue_v in_o the_o vacation_n the_o speaker_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o be_v condemn_v in_o a_o thousand_o pound_n damage_n in_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n and_o commit_v to_o prison_n in_o execution_n for_o the_o same_o when_o the_o parliament_n be_v reassembled_a the_o commons_o make_v suit_n to_o the_o king_n and_o lord_n to_o have_v their_o speaker_n deliver_v the_o lord_n demand_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o judge_n whether_o he_o may_v be_v deliver_v out_o of_o prison_n by_o privilege_n of_o parliament_n upon_o the_o judge_n answer_v it_o be_v conclude_v that_o the_o speaker_n shall_v remain_v in_o prison_n according_a to_o the_o law_n notwithstanding_o the_o privilege_n of_o parliament_n and_o that_o he_o be_v speaker_n which_o resolution_n be_v declare_v to_o the_o commons_o by_o moyle_n the_o king_n sergeant_n at_o law_n and_o the_o commons_o be_v command_v in_o the_o king_n name_n by_o the_o bishop_n of_o lincoln_n in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n then_z chancellor_z to_o choose_v another_o speaker_n 7_o hen._n 8._o a_o question_n be_v move_v in_o parliament_n whether_o spiritual_a person_n may_v be_v convent_v before_o temporal_a judge_n for_o criminal_a cause_n there_o sir_n john_n fineux_n and_o the_o other_o judge_n deliver_v their_o opinion_n that_o they_o may_v and_o ought_v to_o be_v and_o their_o opinion_n allow_v and_o maintain_v by_o the_o king_n and_o lord_n and_o dr._n standish_n who_o before_o have_v hold_v the_o same_o opinion_n be_v deliver_v from_o the_o bishop_n i_o find_v it_o affirm_v that_o in_o cause_n which_o receive_v determination_n in_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n the_o king_n have_v no_o vote_n at_o all_o no_o more_o than_o in_o other_o court_n of_o ministerial_a jurisdiction_n true_a it_o be_v the_o king_n have_v no_o vote_n at_o all_o if_o we_o understand_v by_o vote_n a_o voice_n among_o other_o for_o he_o have_v no_o partner_n with_o he_o in_o give_v judgement_n but_o if_o by_o no_o vote_n be_v mean_v he_o have_v no_o power_n to_o judge_v we_o despoil_v he_o of_o his_o sovereignty_n it_o be_v the_o chief_a mark_n of_o supremacy_n to_o judge_v in_o the_o high_a cause_n and_o last_o appeal_n this_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n full_a well_o understand_v when_o they_o petition_v for_o a_o king_n
his_o subject_n by_o the_o same_o or_o other_o like_a restriction_n of_o such_o indifferent_a thing_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v presume_v if_o he_o have_v not_o be_v hinder_v will_v have_v command_v the_o same_o or_o the_o like_a law_n observation_n concern_v the_o original_a of_o government_n upon_o mr._n hobbs_n his_o leviathan_n mr._n milton_n against_o salmatius_n h._n grotius_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_n mr._n hunton_n treatise_n of_o monarchy_n arist_n pol._n lib._n 4._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o preface_n with_o no_o small_a content_n i_o read_v mr._n hobs_n book_n de_fw-fr cive_z and_o his_o leviathan_n about_o the_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n which_o no_o man_n that_o i_o know_v have_v so_o ample_o and_o judicious_o handle_v i_o consent_v with_o he_o about_o the_o right_n of_o exercise_v government_n but_o i_o can_v agree_v to_o his_o mean_n of_o acquire_v it_o it_o may_v seem_v strange_a i_o shall_v praise_v his_o building_n and_o yet_o mislike_v his_o foundation_n but_o so_o it_o be_v his_o jus_fw-la naturae_fw-la and_o his_o regnum_fw-la institutivum_fw-la will_v not_o down_o with_o i_o they_o appear_v full_a of_o contradiction_n and_o impossibility_n a_o few_o short_a note_n about_o they_o i_o here_o offer_v wish_v he_o will_v consider_v whether_o his_o building_n will_v not_o stand_v firm_a upon_o the_o principle_n of_o regnum_fw-la patrimoniale_a as_o he_o call_v it_o both_o according_a to_o scripture_n and_o reason_n since_o he_o confess_v the_o father_n be_v before_o the_o institution_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n be_v original_o a_o absolute_a sovereign_n with_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n and_o that_o a_o great_a family_n as_o to_o the_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n be_v a_o little_a monarchy_n if_o according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o nature_n he_o have_v bandle_v paternal_a government_n before_o that_o by_o institution_n there_o will_v have_v be_v little_a liberty_n leave_v in_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o family_n to_o consent_v to_o institution_n of_o government_n in_o his_o plead_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o people_n he_o arm_v they_o with_o a_o very_a large_a commission_n of_o array_n which_o be_v a_o right_a in_o nature_n for_o every_o man_n to_o war_n against_o every_o man_n when_o he_o please_v and_o also_o a_o right_n for_o all_o the_o people_n to_o govern_v this_o latter_a point_n although_o he_o affirm_v in_o word_n yet_o by_o consequence_n he_o deny_v as_o to_o i_o it_o seem_v he_o say_v a_o representative_a may_v be_v of_o all_o or_o but_o of_o a_o part_n of_o the_o people_n if_o it_o be_v of_o all_o he_o term_v it_o a_o democraty_n which_o be_v the_o government_n of_o the_o people_n but_o how_o can_v such_o a_o commonwealth_n be_v generate_v for_o if_o every_o man_n covenant_n with_o every_o man_n who_o shall_v be_v leave_v to_o be_v the_o representative_a if_o all_o must_v be_v representative_n who_o will_v remain_v to_o covenant_n for_o he_o that_o be_v sovereign_n make_v no_o covenant_n by_o his_o doctrine_n it_o be_v not_o all_o that_o will_v come_v together_o that_o make_v the_o democraty_n but_o all_o that_o have_v power_n by_o covenant_n thus_o his_o democraty_n by_o institution_n fail_v the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o a_o democraty_n by_o acquisition_n for_o if_o all_o be_v conqueror_n who_o shall_v covenant_n for_o life_n and_o liberty_n and_o if_o all_o be_v not_o conqueror_n how_o can_v it_o be_v a_o democraty_n by_o conquest_n a_o paternal_a democraty_n i_o be_o confident_a he_o will_v not_o affirm_v so_o that_o in_o conclusion_n the_o poor_a people_n be_v deprive_v of_o their_o government_n if_o there_o can_v be_v no_o democraty_n by_o his_o principle_n next_o if_o a_o representative_a aristocratical_a of_o a_o part_n of_o the_o people_n be_v free_a from_o covenant_v than_o that_o whole_a assembly_n call_v it_o what_o you_o will_v though_o it_o be_v never_o so_o great_a be_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n and_o every_o one_o of_o that_o assembly_n have_v a_o right_a not_o only_o to_o kill_v any_o of_o the_o subject_n that_o they_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o street_n but_o also_o they_o all_o have_v a_o natural_a right_o to_o cut_v one_o another_o throat_n even_o while_o they_o sit_v together_o in_o council_n by_o his_o principle_n in_o this_o miserable_a condition_n of_o war_n be_v his_o representative_a aristocratical_a by_o institution_n a_o commonwealth_n by_o conquest_n he_o teach_v be_v then_o acquire_v when_o the_o vanquish_a to_o avoid_v present_a death_n covenant_v that_o so_o long_o as_o his_o life_n and_o the_o liberty_n of_o his_o body_n be_v allow_v he_o the_o victor_n shall_v have_v the_o use_v of_o it_o at_o his_o pleasure_n here_o i_o will_v know_v how_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o vanquish_a can_v be_v allow_v if_o the_o victor_n have_v the_o use_v of_o it_o at_o pleasure_n or_o how_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o the_o victor_n to_o perform_v his_o covenant_n except_o he_o can_v always_o stand_v by_o every_o particular_a man_n to_o protect_v his_o life_n and_o liberty_n in_o his_o review_n and_o conclusion_n he_o resolve_v that_o a_o ordinary_a subject_n have_v liberty_n to_o submit_v when_o the_o mean_n of_o his_o life_n be_v within_o the_o guard_n and_o garrison_n of_o the_o enemy_n it_o seem_v hereby_o that_o the_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n by_o institution_n may_v be_v forfeit_v for_o the_o subject_n can_v be_v at_o liberty_n to_o submit_v to_o a_o conqueror_n except_o his_o former_a subjection_n be_v forfeit_v for_o want_v of_o protection_n if_o his_o conqueror_n be_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n when_o he_o conquer_v he_o have_v a_o right_a without_o any_o covenant_n make_v with_o the_o conquer_a if_o conquest_n be_v define_v to_o be_v the_o acquire_v of_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n by_o victory_n why_o be_v it_o say_v the_o right_o be_v acquire_v in_o the_o people_n submission_n by_o which_o they_o contract_v with_o the_o victor_n promise_v obedience_n for_o life_n and_o liberty_n have_v not_o every_o one_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n a_o right_n to_o sovereignty_n before_o conquest_n which_o only_o put_v he_o in_o possession_n of_o his_o right_n if_o his_o conqueror_n be_v not_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n but_o a_o subject_a by_o covenant_n how_o can_v he_o get_v a_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n by_o conquest_n when_o neither_o he_o himself_o have_v right_o to_o conquer_v nor_o subject_n a_o liberty_n to_o submit_v since_o a_o former_a contract_n lawful_o make_v can_v lawful_o be_v break_v by_o they_o i_o wish_v the_o title_n of_o the_o book_n have_v not_o be_v of_o a_o commonwealth_n but_o of_o a_o weal_n public_a or_o commonweal_n which_o be_v the_o true_a word_n careful_o observe_v by_o our_o translator_n of_o bodin_n de_fw-fr republica_n into_o english_a many_o ignorant_a man_n be_v apt_a by_o the_o name_n of_o commonwealth_n to_o understand_v a_o popular_a government_n wherein_o wealth_n and_o all_o thing_n shall_v be_v common_a tend_v to_o the_o level_a community_n in_o the_o state_n of_o pure_a nature_n observation_n on_o mr._n hobs_n leviathan_n or_o his_o artificial_a man_n a_o commonwealth_n i._o if_o god_n create_v only_a adam_n and_o of_o a_o piece_n of_o he_o make_v the_o woman_n and_o if_o by_o generation_n from_o they_o two_o as_o part_n of_o they_o all_o mankind_n be_v propagate_v if_o also_o god_n give_v to_o adam_n not_o only_o the_o dominion_n over_o the_o woman_n and_o the_o child_n that_o shall_v issue_v from_o they_o but_o also_o over_o the_o whole_a earth_n to_o subdue_v it_o and_o over_o all_o the_o creature_n on_o it_o so_o that_o as_o long_o as_o adam_n live_v no_o man_n can_v claim_v or_o enjoy_v any_o thing_n but_o by_o donation_n assignation_n or_o permission_n from_o he_o i_o wonder_v how_o the_o right_a of_o nature_n can_v be_v imagine_v by_o mr._n hobbs_n which_o he_o say_v pag._n 64._o be_v a_o liberty_n for_o each_o man_n to_o use_v his_o own_o power_n as_o he_o will_v himself_o for_o preservation_n of_o his_o own_o life_n a_o condition_n of_o war_n of_o every_o one_o against_o every_o one_o a_o right_a of_o every_o man_n to_o every_o thing_n even_o to_o one_o another_o body_n especial_o since_o himself_o affirm_v pag._n 178._o that_o original_o the_o father_n of_o every_o man_n be_v also_o his_o sovereign_a lord_n with_o power_n over_o he_o of_o life_n and_o death_n ii_o mr._n hobbs_n confess_v and_o believe_v it_o be_v never_o general_o so_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o jus_o naturae_fw-la and_o if_o not_o general_o than_o not_o at_o all_o for_o one_o exception_n bar_v all_o if_o he_o mark_v it_o well_o whereas_o he_o imagine_v such_o a_o right_n of_o nature_n may_v be_v now_o practise_v in_o america_n he_o confess_v a_o government_n there_o of_o family_n which_o government_n how_o small_a or_o brutish_a soever_o as_o he_o call_v it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o destroy_v
can_v not_o continue_v or_o do_v it_o make_v the_o act_n of_o our_o forefather_n in_o abrogate_a the_o natural_a law_n of_o community_n by_o introduce_v that_o of_o propriety_n to_o be_v a_o sin_n of_o a_o high_a presumption_n the_o prime_a duty_n of_o the_o second_o table_n be_v conversant_a about_o the_o right_n of_o propriety_n but_o if_o propriety_n be_v bring_v in_o by_o a_o humane_a law_n as_o grotius_n teach_v than_o the_o moral_a law_n depend_v upon_o the_o will_n of_o man_n there_o can_v be_v no_o law_n against_o adultery_n or_o theft_n if_o woman_n and_o all_o thing_n be_v common_a mr._n selden_n say_v that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o of_o god_n nec_fw-la vetuit_fw-la nec_fw-la jubebat_fw-la sed_fw-la permisit_fw-la utrumque_fw-la tam_fw-la nempe_fw-la rerum_fw-la communionem_fw-la quam_fw-la privatum_fw-la dominium_fw-la and_o yet_o for_o propriety_n which_o he_o term_v primaeva_fw-la rerum_fw-la dominia_fw-la he_o teach_v that_o adam_n receive_v it_o from_o god_n à _fw-la numine_fw-la acceperat_fw-la and_o for_o community_n he_o say_v we_o meet_v with_o evident_a footstep_n of_o the_o community_n of_o thing_n in_o that_o donation_n of_o god_n by_o which_o noah_n and_o his_o three_o son_n be_v make_v domini_fw-la pro_fw-la indiviso_fw-la rerum_fw-la omnium_fw-la thus_o he_o make_v the_o private_a dominion_n of_o adam_n as_o well_o as_o the_o common_a dominion_n of_o noah_n and_o his_o son_n to_o be_v both_o by_o the_o will_n of_o god_n nor_o do_v he_o show_v how_o noah_n or_o his_o son_n or_o their_o posterity_n have_v any_o authority_n to_o alter_v the_o law_n of_o community_n which_o be_v give_v they_o by_o god_n in_o distribute_v territory_n mr._n selden_n say_v the_o consent_n as_o it_o be_v of_o mankind_n pass_v their_o promise_n which_o shall_v also_o bind_v their_o posterity_n do_v intervene_v so_o that_o man_n depart_v from_o their_o common_a right_n of_o communion_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v so_o distribute_v to_o particular_a lord_n or_o master_n this_o distribution_n by_o consent_n of_o mankind_n we_o must_v take_v upon_o credit_n for_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o proof_n offer_v for_o it_o out_o of_o antiquity_n how_o the_o consent_n of_o mankind_n can_v bind_v posterity_n when_o all_o thing_n be_v common_a be_v a_o point_n not_o so_o evident_a where_o child_n take_v nothing_o by_o gift_n or_o by_o descent_n from_o their_o parent_n but_o have_v a_o equal_a and_o common_a interest_n with_o they_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n in_o such_o case_n that_o the_o act_n of_o the_o father_n shall_v bind_v the_o son_n i_o find_v no_o cause_n why_o mr._n selden_n shall_v call_v community_n a_o pristine_a right_n since_o he_o make_v it_o but_o to_o begin_v in_o noah_n and_o to_o end_v in_o noah_n child_n or_o grand_a child_n at_o the_o most_o for_o he_o confess_v the_o earth_n à _fw-la noachidis_fw-la seculis_fw-la aliquot_fw-la post_fw-la diluvium_fw-la esse_fw-la divisam_fw-la that_o ancient_a tradition_n which_o by_o mr._n selden_n acknowledgement_n have_v obtain_v reputation_n every_o where_o seem_v most_o reasonable_a in_o that_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o noah_n himself_o as_o lord_n of_o all_o be_v author_n of_o the_o distribution_n of_o the_o world_n and_o of_o private_a dominion_n and_o that_o by_o the_o appointment_n of_o a_o oracle_n from_o god_n he_o do_v confirm_v this_o distribution_n by_o his_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n which_o at_o his_o death_n he_o leave_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o elder_a son_n sem_fw-mi and_o also_o warn_v all_o his_o son_n that_o none_o of_o they_o shall_v invade_v any_o of_o their_o brother_n dominion_n or_o injure_v one_o another_o because_o from_o thence_o discord_n and_o civil_a war_n will_v necessary_o follow_v many_o conclusion_n in_o grotius_n his_o book_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_n &_o pacis_fw-la be_v build_v upon_o the_o foundation_n of_o these_o two_o principle_n 1._o the_o first_o be_v that_o communis_fw-la rerum_fw-la usus_fw-la naturalis_fw-la fuit_fw-la 2._o the_o second_o be_v that_o dominium_fw-la quale_fw-la nunc_fw-la in_o usu_fw-la est_fw-la voluntas_fw-la humana_fw-la introduxit_fw-la upon_o these_o two_o proposition_n of_o natural_a community_n and_o voluntary_a propriety_n depend_v divers_a dangerous_a and_o seditious_a conclusion_n which_o be_v disperse_v in_o several_a place_n in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o the_o first_o book_n the_o title_n of_o which_o chapter_n be_v of_o the_o war_n of_o subject_n against_o superior_n grotius_n handle_v the_o question_n whether_o the_o law_n of_o not_o resist_v superior_n do_v bind_v we_o in_o most_o grievous_a and_o most_o certain_a danger_n and_o his_o determination_n be_v that_o this_o law_n of_o not_o resist_v superior_n seem_v to_o depend_v upon_o the_o will_n of_o those_o man_n who_o at_o first_o join_v themselves_o in_o a_o civil_a society_n from_o who_o the_o right_a of_o government_n do_v come_v to_o they_o that_o govern_v if_o those_o have_v be_v at_o first_o ask_v if_o their_o will_n be_v to_o impose_v this_o burden_n upon_o all_o that_o they_o shall_v choose_v rather_o to_o die_v than_o in_o any_o case_n by_o arm_n to_o repel_v the_o force_n of_o superior_n i_o know_v not_o whether_o they_o will_v answer_v that_o it_o be_v their_o will_n unless_o perhaps_o with_o this_o addition_n if_o resistance_n can_v be_v make_v but_o with_o the_o great_a disturbance_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o destruction_n of_o many_o innocent_n here_o we_o have_v his_o resolution_n that_o in_o great_a and_o certain_a danger_n man_n may_v resist_v their_o governor_n if_o it_o may_v be_v without_o disturbance_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n if_o you_o will_v know_v who_o shall_v be_v judge_n of_o the_o greatness_n and_o certainty_n of_o the_o danger_n or_o how_o we_o may_v know_v it_o grotius_n have_v not_o one_o word_n of_o it_o so_o that_o for_o aught_o appear_v to_o the_o contrary_a his_o mind_n may_v be_v that_o every_o private_a man_n may_v be_v judge_n of_o the_o danger_n for_o other_o judge_n he_o appoint_v none_o it_o have_v be_v a_o foul_a fault_n in_o so_o desperate_a a_o piece_n of_o service_n as_o the_o resist_n of_o superior_n to_o have_v conceal_v the_o lawful_a mean_n by_o which_o we_o may_v judge_v of_o the_o greatness_n or_o certainty_n of_o public_a danger_n before_o we_o lift_v up_o our_o hand_n against_o authority_n consider_v how_o prone_a most_o of_o we_o be_v to_o censure_v and_o mistake_v those_o thing_n for_o great_a and_o certain_a danger_n which_o in_o truth_n many_o time_n be_v no_o danger_n at_o all_o or_o at_o the_o most_o but_o very_o small_a one_o and_o so_o flatter_v ourselves_o that_o by_o resist_v our_o superior_n we_o may_v do_v our_o country_n laudable_a service_n without_o disturbance_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n since_o the_o effect_n of_o sedition_n can_v be_v certain_o judge_v of_o but_o by_o the_o event_n only_o grotius_n proceed_v to_o answer_v a_o objection_n against_o this_o doctrine_n of_o resist_v superior_n if_o say_v he_o any_o man_n shall_v say_v that_o this_o rigid_a doctrine_n of_o die_v rather_o than_o resist_v any_o injury_n of_o superior_n be_v no_o humane_a but_o a_o divine_a law_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o man_n at_o first_o not_o by_o any_o precept_n of_o god_n but_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n lead_v by_o experience_n of_o the_o infirmity_n of_o separate_a family_n against_o violence_n do_v meet_v together_o in_o civil_a society_n from_o whence_o civil_a power_n take_v beginning_n which_o therefore_o st._n peter_n call_v a_o humane_a ordinance_n although_o elsewhere_o it_o be_v call_v a_o divine_a ordinance_n because_o god_n approve_v the_o wholesome_a institution_n of_o man_n god_n in_o approve_v a_o humane_a law_n be_v to_o be_v think_v to_o approve_v it_o as_o humane_a and_o in_o a_o humane_a manner_n and_o again_o in_o another_o place_n he_o go_v further_a and_o teach_v we_o that_o if_o the_o question_n happen_v to_o be_v concern_v the_o primitive_a will_n of_o the_o people_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o for_o the_o people_n that_o now_o be_v and_o which_o be_v account_v the_o same_o with_o they_o that_o be_v long_o ago_o to_o express_v their_o meaning_n in_o this_o matter_n which_o be_v to_o be_v follow_v unless_o it_o certain_o appear_v that_o the_o people_n long_o ago_o will_v otherwise_o lib._n 2._o cap._n 2._o for_o full_a explication_n of_o his_o judgement_n about_o resist_a superior_n he_o conclude_v thus_o the_o great_a the_o thing_n be_v which_o be_v to_o be_v preserve_v the_o great_a be_v the_o equity_n which_o reach_v forth_o a_o exception_n against_o the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n yet_o i_o dare_v not_o say_v grotius_n without_o difference_n condemn_v either_o simple_a man_n or_o a_o lesser_a part_n of_o the_o people_n who_o in_o the_o last_o refuge_n of_o necessity_n do_v so_o use_v this_o equity_n as_o that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n they_o do_v not_o forsake_v the_o respect_n of_o the_o
shall_v bound_v and_o limit_v monarchy_n do_v in_o effect_n acknowledge_v there_o be_v no_o such_o court_n at_o all_o for_o every_o court_n consist_v of_o jurisdiction_n &_o privilege_n it_o be_v these_o two_o that_o create_v a_o court_n and_o be_v the_o essential_o of_o it_o if_o the_o admirable_o compose_a court_n of_o parliament_n have_v some_o defect_n which_o may_v receive_v amendment_n as_o he_o say_v and_o if_o those_o defect_n be_v such_o as_o cause_v division_n both_o between_o the_o house_n and_o between_o the_o king_n and_o both_o house_n and_o these_o division_n be_v about_o so_o main_a a_o matter_n as_o jurisdiction_n and_o privilege_n and_o power_n to_o create_v new_a privilege_n all_o which_o be_v the_o fundamental_o of_o every_o court_n for_o until_o they_o be_v agree_v upon_o the_o act_n of_o every_o court_n may_v not_o only_o be_v uncertain_a but_o invalid_a and_o cause_n of_o tumult_n and_o sedition_n and_o if_o all_o these_o doubt_n and_o division_n have_v need_v to_o be_v solemn_o solve_v as_o our_o observator_fw-la confess_v then_o he_o have_v no_o reason_n at_o all_o to_o say_v that_o now_o the_o condition_n of_o supreme_a lord_n be_v wise_o determine_v and_o quiet_o conserve_v or_o that_o now_o most_o country_n have_v find_v out_o a_o art_n and_o peaceable_a order_n for_o public_a affair_n whereby_o the_o people_n may_v resume_v its_o own_o power_n to_o do_v itself_o right_a without_o injury_n unto_o prince_n for_o how_o can_v the_o underive_v majesty_n of_o the_o people_n by_o assume_v its_o own_o power_n tell_v how_o to_o do_v herself_o right_n or_o how_o to_o avoid_v do_v injury_n to_o the_o prince_n if_o her_o jurisdiction_n be_v uncertain_a and_o privilege_n undetermined_a he_o tell_v we_o now_o most_o country_n have_v find_v a_o art_n and_o peaceable_a order_n for_o public_a assembly_n and_o to_o the_o intent_n that_o prince_n may_v not_o be_v now_o beyond_o all_o limit_n and_o law_n the_o whole_a community_n in_o its_o underive_v majesty_n shall_v convene_v to_o do_v justice_n but_o he_o do_v not_o name_n so_o much_o as_o one_o country_n or_o kingdom_n that_o have_v find_v out_o this_o art_n where_o the_o whole_a community_n in_o its_o underive_v majesty_n do_v ever_o convene_v to_o do_v justice_n i_o challenge_v he_o or_o any_o other_o for_o he_o to_o name_v but_o one_o kingdom_n that_o have_v either_o now_o or_o heretofore_o find_v out_o this_o art_n or_o peaceable_a order_n we_o do_v hear_v a_o great_a rumour_n in_o this_o age_n of_o moderate_v and_o limit_v king_n poland_n sweden_n and_o denmark_n be_v talk_v of_o for_o such_o and_o in_o these_o kingdom_n or_o no_o where_o be_v such_o a_o moderate_v government_n as_o our_o observator_fw-la mean_n to_o be_v find_v a_o little_a enquiry_n will_v be_v make_v into_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o government_n of_o these_o kingdom_n for_o these_o northern_a people_n as_o bodin_n observe_v breath_n after_o liberty_n first_o for_o poland_n boterus_n say_v that_o the_o government_n of_o it_o be_v elective_a altogether_o and_o represent_v rather_o a_o aristocracy_n than_o a_o kingdom_n the_o nobility_n who_o have_v great_a authority_n in_o the_o diet_n choose_v the_o king_n and_o limit_v his_o authority_n make_v his_o sovereignty_n but_o a_o slavish_a royalty_n these_o diminution_n of_o regality_n begin_v first_o by_o default_n of_o king_n lewis_n and_o jagello_n who_o to_o gain_v the_o succession_n in_o the_o kingdom_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n one_o for_o his_o daughter_n and_o the_o other_o for_o his_o son_n depart_v with_o many_o of_o his_o royalty_n and_o prerogative_n to_o buy_v the_o voice_n of_o the_o nobility_n the_o french_a author_n of_o the_o book_n call_v the_o estate_n of_o the_o world_n do_v inform_v we_o that_o the_o prince_n authority_n be_v more_o free_a not_o be_v subject_n to_o any_o law_n and_o have_v absolute_a power_n not_o only_o of_o their_o estate_n but_o also_o of_o life_n and_o death_n since_o christian_a religion_n be_v receive_v it_o begin_v to_o be_v moderate_v first_o by_o holy_a admonition_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n and_o then_o by_o service_n of_o the_o nobility_n in_o war_n religious_a prince_n give_v many_o honour_n and_o many_o liberty_n to_o the_o clergy_n and_o nobility_n and_o quit_v much_o of_o their_o right_n the_o which_o their_o successor_n have_v continue_v the_o superior_a dignity_n be_v reduce_v to_o two_o degree_n that_o be_v the_o palatinate_n and_o the_o chastelleine_a for_o that_o king_n in_o former_a time_n do_v by_o little_a and_o little_o call_v these_o man_n to_o public_a consultation_n notwithstanding_o that_o they_o have_v absolute_a power_n to_o do_v all_o thing_n of_o themselves_o to_o command_v dispose_n recompense_n and_o punish_v of_o their_o own_o motion_n since_o they_o have_v ordain_v that_o these_o dignity_n shall_v make_v the_o body_n of_o a_o senate_n the_o king_n do_v not_o challenge_v much_o right_a and_o power_n over_o his_o nobility_n nor_o over_o their_o estate_n neither_o have_v he_o any_o over_o the_o clergy_n and_o though_o the_o king_n authority_n depend_v on_o the_o nobility_n for_o his_o election_n yet_o in_o many_o thing_n it_o be_v absolute_a after_o he_o be_v choose_v he_o appoint_v the_o diet_n at_o what_o time_n and_o place_n he_o please_v he_o choose_v lay-counceller_n and_o nominate_v the_o bishop_n and_o who_o he_o will_v have_v to_o be_v his_o privy_a council_n he_o be_v absolute_a disposer_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o crown_n he_o be_v absolute_a establisher_n of_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o diet_n it_o be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o advance_v and_o reward_v who_o he_o please_v he_o be_v lord_n immediate_a of_o his_o subject_n but_o not_o of_o his_o nobility_n he_o be_v sovereign_a judge_n of_o his_o nobility_n in_o criminal_a cause_n the_o power_n of_o the_o nobility_n daily_o increase_v for_o that_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o king_n election_n they_o neither_o have_v law_n rule_n nor_o form_n to_o do_v it_o neither_o by_o write_v nor_o tradition_n as_o the_o king_n govern_v his_o subject_n which_o be_v immediate_o he_o with_o absolute_a authority_n so_o the_o nobility_n dispose_v immediate_o of_o their_o vassal_n over_o who_o every_o one_o have_v more_o than_o a_o regal_a power_n so_o as_o they_o entreat_v they_o like_o slave_n there_o be_v certain_a man_n in_o poland_n who_o be_v call_v earthly_a messenger_n or_o nuntio_n they_o be_v as_o it_o be_v agent_n of_o jurisdiction_n or_o circle_n of_o the_o nobility_n these_o have_v a_o certain_a authority_n and_o as_o boterus_n say_v in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o diet_n these_o man_n assemble_v in_o a_o place_n near_o to_o the_o senate-house_n where_o they_o choose_v two_o marshal_n by_o who_o but_o with_o a_o tribune-like_a authority_n they_o signify_v unto_o the_o council_n what_o their_o request_n be_v not_o long_o since_o their_o authority_n and_o reputation_n grow_v so_o mighty_o that_o they_o now_o carry_v themselves_o as_o head_n and_o governor_n rather_o than_o officer_n and_o minister_n of_o the_o public_a decree_n of_o the_o state_n one_o of_o the_o council_n refuse_v his_o senator_n place_n to_o become_v one_o of_o these_o officer_n every_o palatine_a the_o king_n require_v it_o call_v together_o all_o the_o nobility_n of_o his_o palatinate_n where_o have_v propound_v unto_o they_o the_o matter_n whereon_o they_o be_v to_o treat_v and_o their_o will_n be_v know_v they_o choose_v four_o or_o six_o out_o of_o the_o company_n of_o the_o earthly_a messenger_n these_o deputy_n meet_v and_o make_v one_o body_n which_o they_o call_v the_o order_n of_o knight_n this_o be_v of_o late_a year_n the_o manner_n and_o order_n of_o the_o government_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v not_o possible_a for_o the_o observator_fw-la to_o find_v among_o they_o that_o the_o whole_a community_n in_o its_o underive_v majesty_n do_v ever_o convene_v to_o do_v justice_n nor_o any_o election_n or_o representation_n of_o the_o community_n or_o that_o the_o people_n assume_v its_o own_o power_n to_o do_v itself_o right_a the_o earthly_a messenger_n though_o they_o may_v be_v think_v to_o represent_v the_o commons_o and_o of_o late_o take_v much_o upon_o they_o yet_o they_o be_v elect_v and_o choose_v by_o the_o nobility_n as_o their_o agent_n and_o officer_n the_o community_n be_v either_o vassal_n to_o the_o king_n or_o to_o the_o nobility_n and_o enjoy_v as_o little_a freedom_n or_o liberty_n as_o any_o nation_n but_o it_o may_v be_v say_v perhaps_o that_o though_o the_o community_n do_v not_o limit_v the_o king_n yet_o the_o nobility_n do_v and_o so_o he_o be_v a_o limit_a monarch_n the_o answer_n be_v that_o in_o truth_n though_o the_o nobility_n at_o the_o choose_n of_o their_o king_n do_v limit_v his_o power_n and_o do_v give_v he_o a_o oath_n yet_o afterward_o they_o have_v always_o a_o desire_n to_o please_v he_o and_o to_o second_v his_o