Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	accusation_n	accuse_v	act_n	18	3	5.5155	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A36034	The historical library of Diodorus the Sicilian in fifteen books : the first five contain the antiquities of Egypt, Asia, Africa, Greece, the islands, and Europe : the last ten an historical account of the affairs of the Persians, Grecians, Macedonians and other parts of the world : to which are added the fragments of Diodorus that are found in the Bibliotheca of Photius : together with those publish'd by H. Valesius, L. Rhodomannus, and F. Ursinus / made English by G. Booth ..., Esq.; Bibliotheca historica. English	Diodorus, Siculus.; Booth, George, 17th/18th cent.; Valois, Henri de, 1603-1676.; Rhodoman, Lorenz, 1546-1606.; Photius, Saint, Patriarch of Constantinople, ca. 820-ca. 891. Bibliotheca.; Orsini, Fulvio, 1529-1600.	1700 (1700)	Wing D1512; ESTC R15327	1,369,223	858

he had by the Amazon to Troezena to be bred and brought up by his Sister Aethra Of Phoedra he begat Acamantes and Demophon Hippolytus a while after coming to Athens to the Celebration of a great Festival Phoedra was so taken with his Beauty that she fell passionately in love with him But he going back again for that time she built near to the Citadel the Temple of Venus whence she might have a prospect of Traezene Afterwards going with Theseus to Traezene to visit Pittheus she solicited Hippolytus to lye with her who refusing the Motion her Love was turn'd into Hatred and Rage and therefore she accus'd him to her Husband that he attempted to Ravish her Theseus suspecting the truth of what she said summon'd Hippolytus to appear and answer the Accusation but Phoedra fearing she should be discover'd upon the Trial of the Cause hang'd herself When Hippolytus first heard of the Accusation he was driving a Chariot upon the News whereof he was in such a Consternation and Disturbance that he let the Reins fall which so startled the Horses that they hurried him away and broke the Chariot in Pieces and he himself being fastn'd in the Harness was drag'd along upon the Ground and so perish'd Hippolytus thus losing his Life upon the account of his commendable Chastity was ador'd by the Troezenians as a God Theseus afterwards by a Sedition being driven out of the City died in Banishment But the Athenians being sorry for what they had done brought back his Bones and honour'd him as a God and the Place where they bury'd him in the midst of Athens they made a Sanctuary which from him was call'd Theseion Since we have proceeded so far in the Story of Theseus we shall give a distinct account also of the Rape of Helen and of the intention of Perithous to court Proserpina for these things have a Relation to the History of Theseus Perithous the Son of Ixion after the Death of his Wife Hippodamia by whom he had a Son call'd Polypodes went to Athens to Theseus whom finding a Widower having then lately bury'd his Wife Phoedra he advis'd to steal away Helen the Daughter of Jupiter and Laeda who was then about Ten Years of Age and of surpassing Beauty To this end they went with some other of their Associates P. 185. to Lacedemon and catching a fit opportunity for the purpose seiz'd upon Helen as their common Prize and carry'd her away to Athens where it was agreed between them to cast Lots for her and that he who should have the good Fortune to gain her should faithfully assist the other through all Hazards whatsoever in procuring him another Wife This Compact being confirm'd by a Solemn Oath she fell by Lot to Theseus The Athenians were much incens'd at what was done in this Business Theseus therefore fearing the bad effect of it privately kept Helen at Aphidna one of the Cities of Attica and committed her to the care of his Mother Aethra and some other Persons of Quality that were his Faithful Friends Afterwards Perithous had a desire to court Proserpina and for this purpose requir'd Theseus to go along with him At first Theseus endeavour'd to dissuade him and to take him off from such a wicked and impious Design But Perithous urging him the more vehemently and by vertue of his Oath being bound thereunto he at length agreed to joyn with him in the Attempt To this end both of them descended into the * Hell See this explain'd in Plut. Thes This Pluto was the King of the Molossians and his Wives and Daughters Name was Proserpina who clapt both Theseus and the other up in Prison Shades below and for their Impudence and Impiety were clapt up and bound fast in Chains but Theseus was afterwards releas'd for the sake of Hercules But Perithous suffers Eternal Pains with the Infernal Spirits for his Wickedness though some Writers report that neither of 'em ever return'd About the same time they say Castor and Pollux the Brother of Helen assaulted Aphidna and taking it by Storm raz'd it to the Ground and carry'd away Helen still a Virgin to Lacedemon and with her among the Captives A●thra the Mother of Theseus Having spoke sufficiently of these things we shall now proceed to give an Account of the Seven Captains that made War against Thebes and shew the first Causes of that War Laius The Seven Captains against Thebes This is the first War related by any Heathen Historian either in Prose or Verse An. Mund. 2727 the 10th Year of Jair Judg. 10. 3. Before Christ 1221 about 30 Years before the Trojan War the King of Thebes having marry'd Jocasta the Daughter of Creon and for a long time being without Children at length consulted the Oracle whether he ever should have any Issue Pithia the Priestess gave answer from the Oracle that it would be unfortunate to him to have any Issue for the Son that he should afterwards beget should kill him and involve his whole Family in most dreadful Calamities But somewhat forgetful of what the Oracle had declar'd he afterwards begat a Son but bor'd his Feet through with an Iron and order'd him to be expos'd in the open Fields and for that reason he was afterwards call'd Oedipus The Servants that took him Oedipus into their Custody for that purpose were unwilling to leave him so to the wide World but gave him to † King of Scicion or Corinth Polybus his Wife who was barren Being attain'd at length to Man's Estate Laius resolv'd to inquire of the Oracle to know what was become of the expos'd Infant and Oedipus at the same time being by some one inform'd of the Design against him when he was so very Young took a Journey to Delphos to inquire of the Oracle who were his true Parents It so fell out that both of them meeting one another upon the Road in Phocis Laius in a proud and haughty manner commanded Oedipus to get out of the way who thereupon was so inrag'd that he fell upon Laius and kill'd him not knowing him to be his Father About that time they report that Sphinx a double shap'd Monster came to Sphinx Thebes and put forth a Riddle to be resolv'd by any that could Which none being able to do by reason of the difficulty of the thing she destroy'd many At length she became more moderate and offer'd a Reward to such as should unfold it that he should marry Jocasta and with her injoy the Kingdom of Thebes When none else could expound the Riddle Oedipus was the only Man that did it The Riddle propounded by Sphinx was this What Creature is that that is Two-Footed Three-Footed and Four-Footed When all others were puzled Oedipus interpreted it to be a Man who when he is an Infant creeps upon all * His Hands and Feet Four when he grows elder goes upright upon his Two Feet but when he is old he 's Three-Footed using a

Chief Command in the time of Antipater These being all forc'd out of the City fled to Alexander the Son of Polysperchon and endeavour'd to engage his help for their Preservation Alexander kindly receiv'd them Ant. Ch. 318. Phocion condemn'd at Athens P. 663. and writ on their behalf to his Father to protect Phocion and his Friends as those that favour'd his Interest and engag'd readily to afford their assistance in all his Concerns The Athenians likewise sent an Embassy to Polysperchon to accuse Phocion and to sollicite for the restitution of Munychia and restoring them to their ancient Laws and Liberties Polysperchon indeed had a very great desire to retain the Pircum because that Port might be of weighty concern and importance in the carrying of the War but was asham'd to act contrary to the Edict divulg'd by himself and fearing lest the Grecians should desert him if he dealt so basely with that City which was the Metropolis he chang'd his Mind Having therefore heard the Ambassadors he courteously dismist those from the Athenians with a Gracious Answer but seiz'd upon Phocion and all his Followers and sent Ant. Ch. 3●8 them bound to Athens granting Power to the People either to Pardon them or put them to death Whereupon a General Assembly being call'd in Athens Judgment of Death was resolv'd upon Phocion and the rest that were accus'd This was carry'd on by those who had been banish'd under Antipater and others that favour'd not that Government both these strongly urg'd to have them put to death The sum of the Accusation was this That after the Lamian War they endeavour'd for Phocion's hard usage at his Tryal in Athens the most part to Inslave their Country and to abolish the Democracy and the Ancient Laws Time being allotted to the Accus'd to plead their Cause Phocion began to speak for himself but the People tumultuously cry'd out against all that he said and rejected his Defence so that the Accus'd knew not what Course to take When the Tumult ceas'd Phocion began again to speak whereupon the whole Multitude set up a shout on purpose that what he said should not be heard For the Common People being not long before excluded from having any share in the Administration of the Government and now newly restor'd beyond all expectation to their Right bore an inveterate Hatred against those who depriv'd the Citizens of their Laws and Liberties While Phocion was thus overborn and even in a desperate Condition strugling to preserve his Life those that were next to him understood the Justice and Equity of his Cause but those at a distance could hear nothing for the Noise and Clamour that was made by the tumultuous Rabble but only discern'd the various trembling motions of his Body through the inevitable danger that seem'd to threaten him At length Phocion in despair of his own Life cry'd out aloud desiring them to condemn him to Die but to spare the rest But the Common People being Fierce and Inexorable some of Phocion's Friends stood Ant. Ch. 318. up to make his Defence Hereupon the People were quiet for a while and heard what they said at first but when they proceeded so far as to press Arguments for the clearing of his Innocency they were cast out with tumultuous and contradicting Clamours At length being all condemn'd by the unanimous Voice of the People they were carry'd away to the Gaol there to be executed and were follow'd by many Honest and Sober Men who bewail'd their Condition and the greatness of their Misery For upon serious Consideration of the inconstancy of every Man's Fortune it affrighted many to see that Magistrates and Persons of eminent Quality and Men that had shew'd many acts of kindness in the course of their Lives should neither have Liberty to plead for themselves nor otherways enjoy the Benefit of Law But many of the Rabble being incens'd against Phocion unmercifully even rent his Heart in pieces with Scoffs and Scorns and bitterly upbraided him with the Misery of his present Condition For Hatred smother'd towards Men while in Prosperity when it breaks forth with Anger against them in time of their Adversity becomes altogether Savage and Implacable Being therefore all put to Phocion and others put to Death Ant. Ch. 318. Death according to the Custom of the Country by drinking a Potion of Hemlock all their Bodies were cast forth unburied out of the Bounds and Limits of Attica And this was the end of Phocion with others that suffer'd with him in the same Calamity After this Cassander having got Five and thirty long Ships and Four thousand Men P. 664. Cassander arrives at Athens Polysperchon comes against him Sail'd into the Pireum and being receiv'd by Nicanor Governor of the Fort possess'd himself of the Pireum and the Harbour But Munychia Nicanor kept himself with a Force sufficient to defend the Place At this time Polysperchon and the Kings lay in Phocis where being inform'd of Cassander's being landed at the Pireum Polysperchon marched into Attica and Encamp'd near the Pireum He had with him Twenty thousand Macedonian Foot and Four thousand Confederates a Thousand Horse and Sixty five Elephants he resolv'd therefore to besiege Cassander But because Provision was scant and the Siege was likely to be long and tedious he was forc'd to leave so many of the Soldiers in Attica as the Country was able to maintain under the Command of Alexander and he himself marched into Peloponnesus with the greater part of the Army to reduce the Megalopolitans to the Obedience of the Kings for they being for an Oligarchy sided with Cassander While Polysperchon was busied in these Affairs Cassander sail'd with his Fleet to the Aegeans and brought them in to join with him but the Salaminians who were disaffected he closely besieg'd and being well furnish'd both with Men and Arms he assaulted them several days together and reduc'd them to very great Extremities But when the City was near being taken by Storm Polysperchon sent a considerable Force both by Sea and Land to attack the Besiegers at whose approach Cassander being affrighted he rais'd the Siege and sail'd back to Pireum Then Polysperchon pass'd over to Peloponnesus to settle Matters there for the Service and Advantage of the Kings Coming there he Ant. Ch. 318. call'd a Senate and spoke to them concerning their joining with him as Confederates in the War he sent likewise Commissioners to the Cities with Orders to put to Death them that were created Magistrates in the Oligarchy by Antipater and to restore the People to their ancient Laws Many obey'd the Order so that while Slaughters and Banishments fill'd the Cities they that favour'd Antipater's Party were ruin'd and destroy'd and the Democratital Governments being restor'd to their ancient Laws all join'd with Polysperchon The Megalopolitans only kept close to Cassander therefore he determin'd to besiege their City The Megalopolitans hearing what was design'd by Polysperchon order'd by

that at that time the Boreadae the Brothers of Cleopatra were Companions with Hercules in this Expedition These therefore were the First that by reason of their near Relation by force of Arms reliev'd the Young Men and breaking in Pieces their Chains kill'd as many of the Barbarians as oppos'd them But when Phineus himself with a multitude of Thracians that came flocking in marcht up to decide the matter by a Battel it 's said that then Hercules stoutly laid about him and slew both Phineus and a great number of the other Thraclans Then seizing upon the King's City and Palace he set Cleopatra at liberty and restor'd to her Sons their Father's Kingdom who resolving to be reveng'd upon their Step-mother he persuaded them to forbear doing any such thing but rather to send Messengers into Scythia to her Father to let him know that they left her wholly to his Discretion to be punish'd for her Offences Which being done accordingly the Scythian put his Daughter to Death and the Sons of Cleopatra were highly commended by the Thracians for their Mildness and Equity But I am not ignorant how some of the Fabulous Authors relate that Phineus put out his Two Sons Eyes and that in retaliation when he was old Boreas serv'd him the same Sauce And they report likewise that Hercules going out of the Ship to get a little fresh Water was left behind by the Argonauts in Asia For in ancient Stories no Historians unanimously agree one with another and therefore it 's not to be admir'd that in giving account of things in ancient Times we do not in every thing agree with the Poets and other Writers But it 's said that the Two Sons gave up the Kingdom to their Mother Cleopatra and went along with the Argonauts in their Expedition who sailing away from Thrace and arriving at Pontus landed in Taurica Chersonesus being altogether ignorant of the cruelty of the Inhabitants For it was a Custom amongst those P. 173. Barbarians to sacrifice all Strangers that arriv'd there to Diana Taurica Amongst whom it 's said that in after-times Ephigenia the Priests of the Goddess practis'd the same Cruelty upon all she could lay hold on And here in regard the Course of the History requires it it 's requisite we should give an Account of the Causes of this horrid Cruelty executed upon Strangers especially this Digression seeming pertinent to the Acts of the Argonauts They say that Sol begat Two Sons Aeetes and Perses and that Aeetes was King of Colchis and the other of Taurica and that both were exceeding cruel That Hecate was the Daughter of Perses far more fierce and cruel than her Father for being given to Hunting if she could find no Game she would sport her self with casting her Darts at Men instead of Beasts She made it her business likewise to compound Deadly Poysons and was the first that found out * Wolf-Bane a most poysonous Herb. Aconitum and made trial of the nature and efficacy of every Composition by mixing them with the Food given to Strangers Being thus grown extraordinary skilful in this devilish Art she first poyson'd her own Father and so usurpt the Crown Then she built Diana's Temple and ordered all Strangers that arriv'd there to be sacrific'd to that Goddess so that her Cruelty was nois'd abroad in every Place She afterwards Marry'd Aeetes and by him had Two Daughters Cerces and Medea and one Son call'd Aegialeus Cerces likewise being much addicted to the Compounding of all sorts of Medicines found out the wonderful Natures and efficacy of divers sorts of Roots and Herbs many she learnt of her Mother Hecate but many more she discover'd by her own industry so that she left nothing new for any that came after her which might any ways advance that Art This Cerces was Marry'd to the King of the Sarmathians whom some call Scythians but she likewise poyson'd her Husband and so usurping the Kingdom executed many Butcheries and Cruelties upon the Subjects for which as some Writers relate she was driven out of the Kingdom and fled to the Ocean and possessing herself of a certain Desert Island settl'd there together with the Women her Companions But as other Historians say leaving Pontus she settl'd in the Promontory of Italy now call'd from her Cerceum They report likewise that Medea learnt the same Art from her Mother and Sister but she plainly made use of it for contrary ends and purposes for she constantly laid out her self to save the Lives of Strangers that were driven thither sometimes begging the Lives of such as were condemn'd of her Father and at other times by her subtil Contrivance procuring their Escapes out of Prison For Aectes prompted thereunto both by the cruelty of his own Nature and likewise incited by the Counsels and Persuasions of Hecate his Wife observ'd the Custom of Murdering of Strangers But Medea every day more and more opposed her Parents in this thing Aectes upon suspicion of Treason committed his Daughter Medea to Prison whence notwithstanding the escap'd and fled to a Temple of Apollo seated on the Sea-Shoar about which same time the Argonauts sail'd by Taurica and arriv'd in the Night at Colchis at the very Place where the Temple stood where meeting with Medea wandring upon the Shoar were inform'd by her of the cruel Custom of Murdering of Strangers in those Parts whereupon giving the Virgin thanks for her Humanity and Kindness they told her of their Designs and of the end of their adventure and she on the other Hand inform'd them what Dangers she was surrounded with from her Father by reason of her Kindness and Compassion to Strangers It being therefore evident to both Parties what was then fit to be done Medea on her part promis'd she would assist 'em to the uttermost of her power till they had accomplish'd P. 17● their Design and Jason promis'd and confirm'd by a Solemn Oath that Medea should from that time forward be his Wife Hereupon the Argonauts leaving a Party to guard their Ships went with Medea in the Night to the Golden Fleece Of which we must here write more largely that nothing may be omitted which is pertinent to the History They say that Phryxus the Son of Athamantes to avoid the malice of his Step-mother fled out of Greece together with Helles his Sister and being by the advice and direction of the Gods transported out of Europe into Asia upon the Back of a Golden-fleec'd Ram it happened that the Young Maid fell off into Pontus which was therefore from thence call'd Hellespont But Phryxus landing safe in Colchis by the Command of the Oracle sacrific'd the Ram and hung up its Skin in the Temple of Mars Afterwards the King was told by the Oracle that he should dye when some Sea-faring Men came thither and carry'd away the Golden-Fleece And this was the Cause besides the cruelty of his Nature that mov'd this Vile Man to sacrifice Strangers that this horrid

THE former Year ended Glaucippus was created Archon at Athens and at Olymp. 92. 3. An. M. 3561. Ant. Ch. 407. Rome Marcus Cornelius and Lucius Furius were again chosen Consuls About this time the Aegistines who had confederated with the Athenians after the War was ended in Sicily against the Syracusians were in great fear as they had just cause lest the Siculi should revenge themselves upon them for the many acts of Hostility they committed against them And therefore when the Selinuntines made War upon them concerning some Boundaries that were in Dispute they submitted lest the Syracusians should take that occasion to join with the Selinuntines and so hazard the loss of their Country But when they encroached farther upon their Territories than was agreed upon the Aegistines desir'd aid of the Carthaginians and freely offer'd their City to their Protection When the Embassadors came to Carthage and had deliver'd their Message to the Senate the Carthaginians were much perplexed what to resolve The desire of so convenient a City strongly inclin'd them upon one hand and the fear of The Carthaginians side with the Aegistines Ant. Ch. 407. the Syracusians who had lately destroy'd so powerful an Army of the Athenians discourag'd them on the other But at length their Ambition to gain the City previal'd The Answer therefore to the Embassadors was that they would send them aid For the management of this Affair in case it should break out into a War they made Hannibal General who was then according to their Law chief Magistrate of Carthage He was the Grandchild of Amilcar who was kill'd at Himera at the Battel fought with Gelon and Son of Ges●on who for killing of his Father was Banish'd and liv'd at Selinunta Hannibal therefore in regard he bore a natural Hatred against the Grecians and desired by his own Valour to wipe off the stain of his Family was very earnest to make himself P. 353. remarkable by some eminent Service for the advantage of his Country Therefore when he understood that the Selinuntines were not satisfy'd with that part of Land which was yielded to them he together with the Aegistines sends Embassadors to the Syracusians referring the Controversie to their Determination in Words seeming to propose all things fair and just but in Truth with hopes that if the Selinuntines should decline the Arbitration the Syracusians would cast off their Confederacy and League with them But when the Selinuntines who sent likewise their Embassadors refused to stand to their Decision and strongly opposed both the Carthaginean and Aegistean Embassadors the Syracusians were at length resolved both to be at peace with the Carthaginians and likewise to stand to their League with the Selinuntines Upon which when the Embassadors were return'd the Carthaginians sent to the Aegistines Five Thousand Men from Africa and Eight Hundred from Campania These were formerly Ant. Chr. 407. hired by the Calcideans for the assistance of the Athenians against the Syracusians but after their overthrow sailing back they knew not under whom to serve The Carthaginians therefore bought them all Horses and giving them large Pay plac'd them in a Garrison at Aegista But the Selinuntines who were then both Rich and Populous valu'd not the Aegistines one jot At the first with a well form'd Army they spoil'd the Country next adjoining to them at length in regard they far exceeded the Aegistines in number they despis'd them and dispers'd themselves ravaging all over the Country The Aegistean Commanders watching their opportunity with the help of the Carthagineans and Campanians set upon them unawares And the Assault being sudden and unexpected they easily routed and put them to flight They kill'd a Thousand and took all their Baggage After this Fight both sides sent forth their Embassadors the Selinuntines to the Syracusians and the Aegistines to the Carthaginians for Aid which being readily promis'd on both sides The Carthaginian War in Sicily this was the beginning of the Carthaginian War The Carthaginians foreseeing the greatness of the War committed the whole management thereof to Hannibal giving him power to raise what Forces he thought sit they themselves Ant. Chr. 407. in the mean time providing all things necessary Hannibal all that Summer and the next Winter raises many Mercenary Souldiers in Spain and lists a great number of his own Citizens and besides these raises Men in every City throughout all Africa and equips out a Fleet intending the next Spring to pass over all his Forces into Sicily In this Condition were the Affairs of Sicily at that time In the mean time * See p. 61. c. 4. Dorieus the Rhodean Admiral of the Italian Gallies as soon as he had quieted the Tumult in Rhodes passed over to the Hellespont with a purpose to join Mindarus who then lay at Abydus getting together from all Parts what Vessels he could from the Peloponesian Confederates When Dorieus was come as far as Sigeum of Troas the Athenians who then lay at Anchor at Sestos having intelligence of his Course made out against him with their whole Fleet of Seventy Four Sail. Dorieus altogether ignorant of the Preparations The Fight at Dardanum against him sails on securely But when he understood what a powerful Navy was making towards him he was in great Consternation and seeing no other means left to escape fled to Dardanum where he landed his Men and placing a Garrison in the City he forthwith furnish'd the Place with abundance of Arms and plac'd his Souldiers some upon the Foredecks of his Vessels and others all along upon the Shoar But the Athenians making up suddenly Ant. Ch. 407. P. 354. upon them endeavour'd to hale off the Ships from the Shoar and by pressing upon the Enemy in so many Places at once they almost wearied them out Mindarus the Peloponesian Admiral hearing the Distress Dorieus was in forthwith set Sail from Abidos with his whole Fleet and made for the Promontory of ●Dardanum with Fourscore and Four Sail to assist him The Land Forces likewise of Pharnabazus were near at Hand to support the Lacedemonian Fleet. When the Navies came near one to another both sides prepar'd to Fight Mindarus commanding a Fleet of Ninety Seven Sail plac'd the Syracusians in the Left Wing and he himself commanded the Right On the Athenians Thrasybulus led the Right and Thrasyllus the Left Wing The Lines of Battel being thus disposed on both sides and the Sign given by the Admirals the Trumpets all at once sounded a Charge And now the Rowers neglecting nothing on their part and the Pilots every where minding with all diligence their several Helms a Bloody Fight began For as often as the Ships forc'd forwards to pierce one another so often did the Pilots at the same instant of time carefully move and turn the Ship that the Stroaks only fell upon the Beaks of the Vessels The Souldiers upon the Decks when at first they saw their Broad-sides lye open to

City Bedys in Bisaltia and there besieg'd him took him and disarm'd him and then upon mutual Pledges of Faith given and taken discharg'd him Being encourag'd upon this account and knowing nothing but that Eumenes was still living and concluding he should be sure of Aid and Relief from Alexander and Polysperchon he refus'd to surrender Amphipolis But as soon as he receiv'd Letters from Olympias whereby she commanded him upon the Faith of his former Engagement to restore the City he observ'd her Commands and Amphipolis surender'd to Cassander deliver'd it up upon assurance of his own Preservation But Cassander perceiving that he was a Man of great Interest by reason of the Honours conferr'd upon him by Alexander and minding to take all such out of the way as might be in a Capacity to make any Disturbance by the help of Crateuas his Kindred he put him also to Death Then he incited the Relations of such as were put to Death by Olympias to prosecute her in the General Assembly of the Macedonians who thereupon very readily comply'd with what they were put on to do and though she her self was not then present nor had any Person there to plead her Cause yet the Macedonians condemn'd her to Die Cassander thereupon sent some of his Friends to Olympias and advis'd her to get out of the way and promis'd to procure for her a Ship and cause her to be convey'd safe to Athens And this he did not as any ways minding her Preservation but as one conscious of her own Guilt by her flight it might be judg'd a just Vengeance upon her if she perish'd and was cut off as she was in her Voyage For he was afraid as well of the Fickleness of the Macedonians as of the Dignity of her Person But Olympias refus'd to fly but said She was ready to defend her Cause before all the Macedonians Cassander therefore fearing lest the People calling to mind the worthy Acts and Kindnesses of Philip and Alexander towards the whole Nation should change their Minds and so take upon them to defend the Queen sent to her a Band of Two hundred Soldiers Ant. Ch. 314. well Arm'd and Accouter'd with Orders to dispatch her forthwith who rushing on a Cassander kills Olympias sudden into the Palace as soon as they saw her in Reverence to her Person drew back without executing what they were commanded But the Kindred of those she P. 699. had put to Death both to ingratiate themselves with Cassander and likewise to gratify their own Revenge for the Death of their Relations cut her Throat she not in the least crying out in any Womanish Terror or Fear to spare her In this manner died Olympias the greatest and most honourable Woman in the Age wherein she liv'd Daughter of Neoptolimus King of Epirus Sister of * Sister of Alexander that is Pyrrhus Alexander who made the Expedition into Italy Wife of Philip the greatest and most victorious Prince of all that ever were before in Europe and lastly the Mother of Alexander who never was exceeded by any for the many great and wonderful Things that were done by him Cassander now seeing all Things go on according to his Heart's Desire in his Hopes and Expectations was already possess'd of the Kingdom of Macedon He therefore now marries Thessalonices Daughter of Philip and Sister of Alexander by the same Father ambitious Marries Thessalonices to be related in Affinity and esteem'd as one of the Royal Family He built likewise Cassandria calling it after his own Name in † Builds Cassandria Pallene and Peopled it by Inhabitants Ant. Ch. 314. drawn out of the Cities of the * The Chersonesus of Pallene in Thrace Chersonesus and out of Potidea and many other neighbouring Cities and plac'd there likewise those Olynthians that were left of whom there were still a considerable Number To this City he laid a large and rich Territory and made it his earnest Care to advance the Glory and Splendour of this Place so that it grew up in a short time to that degree of Power as to excell all the Cities of Macedonia Cassander likewise minding to cut off all the Posterity of Alexander that there might be none of his Line left to succeed in the Kingdom purpos'd to kill the Son of Alexander and Roxana his Mother But for the present being willing first to observe what People's Discourses were concerning the cutting off of Olympias and having as yet no certain Account how Things went with Antigonus he committed Roxana and her Son close Prisoners to the Castle at Amphipolis under the Charge of Glaucias then by him made Imprisons Roxana and her Son Alexander Ant. Ch. 314. Governor and one of his Friends in whom he plac'd great Confidence He likewise took away from the young King those Children that were bred up with him as his Companions and order'd that he should be no longer attended as a King nor regarded otherwise than as a private Person And now Ruling the Kingdom in all Things as King he Royally and Sumptuously Interr'd at Aegis Eurydice and Philip the late King and Queen and Cinna whom Alcetas had put to Death gracing the Dead with the Solemnity of Funeral Sports and Plays Then he rais'd Soldiers out of Macedonia for the Expedition resolv'd upon into Peloponnesus While he was employ'd in these Affairs Polysperchon who was then besieg'd in Naxius in Perrebea when he heard of the Death of Olympias in despair of retrieving of his Affairs in Macedonia with a few in his Company broke out of the City and pass'd through Thessaly together with Aeacides and came into Aetolia where he judg'd he might safely abide and observe how Things went for that there was a good Understanding between him and this Nation But Cassander having now rais'd a considerable Army marches out of Macedonia with an Cassander's Expedition into Peloponnesus against Alexander the Son of Polysperchon Ant. Ch. 314. intent to drive Alexander the Son of Polysperchon out of Peloponnesus For he with his Army was the only Enemy left and had possess'd himself of many convenient Posts and Towns there Through Thessaly he march'd without any opposition but found the Pass at Pylas guarded by the Etolians whom having with much difficulty beaten off he came into Boeotia where getting all the Thebans together that were remaining from all Parts he set upon repeopling of Thebes conceiving now he had a fair opportunity put into his hands for the rebuilding of that City famous both for its renowned Actions and the ancient Stories concerning it And by so good a Work he concluded he should reap the Fruit of an Immortal Fame and Glory This City had felt very many Changes and Turns of Fortune and those to the utmost The History of Thebes Extremity being sometimes in danger of being raz'd to the Ground Of which to say something briefly will not be any foreign Digression After Deucolion's Flood

sail'd back first to Cyprus and then to * In Aegypt Pelusium where Ptolemy richly rewarded him for so great a Service and withal promoted him to a far higher Dignity and Place of Honour than he was in before as the Author He 's highly rewarded by Ptolemy of so great a Victory But releas'd Perilaus and some other Prisoners which Antigonus desir'd by a Messenger sent to him for that purpose And then himself going to a Place call'd Ecregma came to a Parly with Antigonus but Antigonus refusing to grant him what he demanded he left him and return'd Having now given an account of the Affairs of the European Greeks both in Greece and Macedonia we shall run over to the Parts lying towards the West Agathocles Prince of Syracuse having possess'd himself of a Castle belonging to the Messenians promis'd to restore it upon receiving of Thirty Talents of Silver Which The Acts of Agathocles in Sicily when the Messenians had paid he not only broke his Faith but endeavour'd to have seiz'd upon Messina it self For being inform'd that part of the Walls were fallen down he sent a Party of Horse by Land from Syracuse and he himself in some Ships call'd * Barks or Frignts Hemiolias went by Sea and arriv'd in the Night close under the Walls of the City But they coming to understand his Design before-hand wholly defeated him in what he had contriv'd However He came to Mylas and upon laying Siege to the Castle had it Ant. Ch. 313. deliver'd up to him and then return'd to Syracuse In Harvest-time he made a second attempt upon Messina and Encamping near the City made continual Assaults but was not able to effect any thing considerable For many Exiles were flock'd into this Place from Syracuse who both for the sake of their own Preservation and out of Hatred to the Tyrant fought most Courageously About this time came Ambassadors from Carthage arguing the Case with Agathocles and complaining of the Breach of Articles and making Peace with the Messenians they forc'd the Tyrant to restore the * Mylas P. 707. Castle and then sail'd back into Africa After which Agathocles went to Abecenus one of his Confederate Cities and there he put to Death Forty whom he look'd upon to be his Enemies In these times the Romans were at War with the Samnites and took Ferentum by Storm and the Inhabitants of Nuceria call'd Alphatema were by the Persuasions of some Persons prevail'd with to desert the Romans and join in League with the Samnites CHAP. V. The Acts of Aristodemus Antigonus his General in Peloponnesus The Dimeans in Achaia seek to free themselves from Cassander's Garison They take the Cittadel Alexander Son of Polysperchon Assassinated The praise of Cratesipolis his Wife The Acts of Cassander in Etolia and other Parts of Greece The Cruelty of the Etolians Cassander sends an Army into Caria and Aristotle with a Fleet to Lemnos The Acts of Cassander's Army in Caria Antigonus Leaves his Son Demetrius in Syria to watch Ptolemy His troublesome March into Asia The Affairs of Sicily Acrotatus his Misgovernment and Cruelties in Sicily The Acts of Agathocles The Affairs of Italy WHEN the former year was ended Nichodorus was created Archon at Athens and Olymp. 116. 3. Ant. Ch. 312. An. M. 3658. Lucius Papirius chosen the Fourth and Quintus Publius the second time Consul at Rome At that time Aristodemus made General by Antigonus hearing of the Defection of Alexander the Son of Polysperchon after he had open'd the Justice of the Cause before the Senate of the Etolians sollicited them to be assistant to the Affairs of Antigonus Then passing into Peloponnesus with the Mercenaries found Alexander with the Eleans besieging Aristodemus raises the Siege of Cyllene The Acts of Aristodemus in Peloponnesus Cyllene and coming in nick of time rais'd the Siege and then leaving a Garison to defend the Place he mov'd towards Actria and frees Patras from the Garison of Cassander but Egeum he took by Force and being possess'd of the Place was ready to restore the Egeans to their Liberty according to the former Decree but that he was prevented by this Accident The Soldiers began to Plunder and upon that occasion many of the Citizens were kill'd and the greatest part of the Town was burnt down to the Ground After which he sail'd back into Etolia the Dymeans who were aw'd by a Garison Ant. Ch. 312. Of Dyme in Achaia The Dimeans seek to free themselves from Cassander's Garison of Cassander's in the Castle separated their City from the Cittadel by a Wall drawn round it and encouraging one another to stand up for their Liberties besieg'd the Castle and infested it with continual Assaults Of which Alexander receiving Intelligence he came upon them with his Army on a sudden and drave them within their Walls and enter'd pell-mell with them into the City and took it Some of the Dymeans he put to the Sword others he Imprison'd and many of them he Banish'd After Alexander went away the rest of them were quiet for a little while being both terrify'd with the greatness of the late Calamity and likewise wanting the Assistance of their Confederates But some time after they made application to Aristodemus his Mercenaries who march'd to them from Egeum Whereupon they again assaulted the Cittadel and took it and freed the City and put many of the Garison to the Sword and put to Death such of their own Citizens as favour'd Alexander's Party Amongst these Turns and Changes of Fortune while Alexander with his Army was Alexander Son of Polyspachon kill'd marching from Sycion he was kill'd by Alexion a Sycionian and some others who pretended themselves to be his Friends His Wife Cratesipolis after his Death took upon her the Management of Affairs and kept the Army in due Obedience Her obliging Carriage and Bounty was such as that she was greatly belov'd of the Soldiers for she The praise of Cratesipolis Wife of Alexander Son of Polysperchon was continually affording all the help she could to them that were in Distress and relieving and supporting many that were in Want Besides she was a Woman of admirable Prudence in managing Affairs and of Courage beyond the natural Temper of her Sex For when the Sycionians in contempt of her after the Death of her Husband rose up in Arms for the Recovery of their Liberty she executed her Revenge by cutting off Multitudes Ant. Ch. 312. of them in a Field-battel and crucify'd Thirty of those she had taken Prisoners and so having settled the Affairs of the City she reign'd over the Sycionians having under her Command multitudes of Soldiers ready upon all occasions for any Undertaking though never so hazardous And this was then the State and Condition of Peloponnesus Cassander perceiving that the Etolians assisted Antigonus and were then likewise engag'd in a War with their Neighbours the Acarnanians judg'd that the most probable way to

* About 360. 〈◊〉 P. 754. Three thousand Furlongs they came to a City call'd Automolus and there Encamp'd thence marching forward they came to a mountain shelving down on both sides with steep and sharp Rocks having a deep Valley in the midst out of which rose a soft stone spiring up like unto a sharp Rock at the Foot of which was a wide Cave overshadow'd with Ivy and Leaves of the Yew tree in which is reported Queen Lamia a Lady of admirable Lamias Cave Beauty formerly dwelt but for her Cruelty they say her face was afterwards transform'd into the shape of a Beast for it 's reported that * All her Children they say were kill'd by Juno because they were got by Iupiter being bereav'd of all her Children she took it so grievously that she envy'd all other women that had Children and commanded the poor Infants to be pluck't out of their mothers Arms and forthwith murther'd And therefore even to this day the Tale of this woman is fresh among Children and with the Name of Lamia they are presently put into a very great fright Moreover being given much to Drunkeness she let every one do what they pleas'd without any inquiry after men's manners and because she never seriously minded what was done in her Province it was believ'd that she was blind And therefore there 's a Ant. Ch. 306. Fable told by some that she put her Eyes into a little purse excusing her drunken Sottishness by such an invented Tale as if that was the reason she saw nothing That she was in Africa one brings in Euripides for a witness for so he says 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 To whom is that most hateful Name unknown Or of th' African Lamia the spawn But Ophellas removing again Travel'd with great toil and labour through a dry and thirsty Country full of wild Beasts for they did not only want Water but Bread and other Provision so that the whole Army was in danger to perish These Sandy Deserts near the Syrtes were pester'd with noisom Serpents and all sorts of hurtful beasts and it being for the most part deadly to be bitten by these venomous creatures many were brought into a sad condition out of the reach both of friends help and remedy from Medicines For some of the Serpents were of the same colour with the Earth so that none could see them before they were hurt so that many treading upon them were stung to death At last after two months miserable travel with much ado they carne to Agathocles his Camp where they pitcht their Camps at a small distance one from another on the other hand the Carthaginians hearing that they were come up to him were in a great Consternation seeing the great forces that were making against them Agathocles hearing of his approach went to meet him and advis'd him by all means to have a care of his Army after so tedious and hard a Journey and to see them well refresh'd He himself lay quiet a few days observing every thing that was done in the neighbouring Camp at length taking his opportunity when the greater part of Ophellas his Army were gone a forraging into the Country and taking notice that Ophellas never suspected any thing of what he was in contriving he suddainly call'd his Army together and before them accus'd Ophellas for that being call'd for as an Assistant in this War he went about Ant. Ch. 306 to betray him and having incens'd the multitude drew out his whole Army in Battalion against him and his Cyrenians Ophellas growing amaz'd at this unexpected alteration put nevertheless himself and the men he had with him in a posture of defence but the Enemy being too quick for him and he too weak for them he was there slain upon the place Agathocles persuaded the rest that were left to lay down their Arms then telling them what great things he would do for them he got the whole Army to himself And thus Ophellas by indulging his Ambition and being over credulous came to this fatal Catastrophe In the mean time Bomilcar at Carthage was waiting for an opportunity Bomilcar ●sp 〈…〉 to b 〈…〉 〈◊〉 of C●rthage 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 an is put to a 〈…〉 P. 755. to put in execution what he had a long time been hammering in his brain in order to gain the Soveraign power and authority And although he had several times fit occasions offer'd him for that purpose yet always some light and inconsiderable cause or other intervening put a stop to his design For some superstitious persons many times are preparing to act great and remarkable pieces of Wickedness and yet always chuse rather to delay than act to put off than execute the thing which even then Ant. Ch. 306 came to pass For concluding he had a fair opportunity offer'd him the better to effect his purpose he sent away the most eminent Persons of the Citizens that were about him in an Expedition against the Numidians that he might have none of the Nobility at hand to oppose him but then checkt by his own Fears he durst not reveal to any his design of gaining the Principality and so he let the matter fall again At length it fell out that he attempted to set up himself at the very same time that Ophellas was cut off by Agathocles and neither of them knew what was done in one another's Camp For Agathocles knew nothing of the Ambition of the other or of the Tumult and Disorder that was in the City which he might at that time have easily subdu'd For if Bomilcar had been surpriz'd and taken in the very Fact he would have chosen rather to have join'd with Agathocles than to have given up himself to be punish'd by the Citizens Neither did the Carthaginians know any thing of Agathocles his falling upon Ophellas for they might easily have overcome him by joining with Ophellas But I suppose both sides were well enough content to be ignorant although they were things of great weight and concern and contrived by them that were near one to another For Agathocles being plotting to cut off a Person that was his Friend and Associate minded not to enquire after any thing that was in doing with the Enemy And Bomilcar on the other side contriving how to overturn the Liberties of his Country cared not what was in agitation in Agathocles his Camp whose purpose was now not so much to conquer Ant. Ch. 306 an Enemy as to subdue his own Fellow-Citizens Matters being thus here some may find fault with History seeing many things of divers Natures falling out at one and the same time and that Writers are forc'd to break in with new Matter of another nature and to divide between things done at the same instant that the Truths related may delight the more But to Answer this the History that is deny'd this liberty although it afterwards represents the things done yet it

581 r. 636 Parmenio his Acts in Phrygia 540 r. 586 Suspected of Treason and put to death 554 r. 604 Pausanias the Lacedemonian General at Platea against Mardonius 231 r. 258 His Treason against his Countrey 237238 r. 264 265 Discover'd how and punished ibid. Passes difficult Passes in Thermopyle 219 r. 246 In Uxiana 549 r. 597 In the Rock Aornus 557 r. 667 Peace Peace all over the World 273 r. 301 Pelopidas the Theban General 434 r. 489 Taken by Alexander Prince of Pherea 438 r. 494 Deliver'd 440 r. 496 His Acts and Death and Praise 442 r. 499 Peloponnesus Peloponnesus liable to Earthquakes 429 r. 483 The Peloponnesian War the Causes Renual c. 271 280 303 r. 300 308 325 Perdiccas One of Alexander M. Commanders 547 r. 592 At Arbela ibid. Divides the Conquer'd Provinces 574 r. 628 His other Acts 575 576 581 583 r. 629 631 636 639 The Captains conspire against him 585 r. 641 His Expedition into Egypt 588 r. 645 Pericles His Acts in Peloponnesus 259 260 r. 286 287 His other Acts 273 274 r. 301 302 His Arrears the publick Cause of the Peloponesian War 277 r. 306 His hot Speech 273 r. 301 His second Expedition into Peloponnesus 281 r. 310 His Death ibid. Persepolis Taken and burnt by the instigation of a Strumpet by Alexander M 550 r. 599 Persia The Province of Peucestas 574 r. 628 The description of a pleasant Tract there 616 r. 682 Petalisme 259 r. 286 Phalaecus The General of the Phoceans 495 r. 530 His Sacrilegious Covetousness 503 r. 540 Punish'd by the Gods 505 r. 542 Pharnabasus The Persian General 316 r. 349 Helps sometimes the Athenians and sometimes the Lacedemonions 321 324 375 r. 354 357 416 General of the War against the Aegyptians 446 r. 504 Phialensians Their seditian 424 r. 477 Philip King of Macedon The Epitome of his History 477 r. 510 His Acts and Wars 477 to 516 r. 510 to 556 His Feast and stately Games and ominous Verses 518 r. 558 The Plot against his life and the Cause ibid. His Murder c 519 r. 559 Philocles The Athenian General at Aegos-Potamos 352 r. 388 Is put to Death ibid. Philomelus stirs up the Phoceans 486 r. 522 Robs the Temple at Delphos 491 r. 526 Casts himself down from the top of a Rock ibid Phoceans Their War with the Doreans and Spartans 256 r. 283 With the Boetians 393 r. 439 With the Thebans 432 r. 487 They spoil the Temple at Delphos 488 491 r. 523 526 Their Fight with the Thebans 503 r. 539 Are burnt in the Temple 504 r. 541 Phocio the Athenian General 496 r. 532 The sentence upon him and his punishment 602 r. 663 Phoenicia the Situation 576 r. 630 Phrygia the Less the Situation ibid. The Greater ibid. Pindar When he flourish'd 200 r. 226 Pisidia The scituation 576 r. 630 Plague Grievous amongst the Carthaginians 418 r. 469 The first Plague at Athens 281 r. 310 The second 286 r. 316 And the Causes ibid In the Camp of Hanniball in Sicily for his Impiety 341 r. 377 In the Camp of Imilco and the Cause 389 r. 434 In Africa 358 r. 397 Plateans the Battel at Platea with the Persians 231 r. 258 Are besieg'd by the Spartans all put to Death and the City raz'd 282 286 r. 311 315 Their other misfortunes 427 r. 481 Plato Sold by Dionysius 411 r. 461 The most learn'd of the Greeks 263 r. 291 Porus His War with Alexander M. 561 r. 608 His Valour and Stature 562 r. 609 Princes strengthen themselves more with Gentleness than Arms 309 r. 342 Their Vices most notorious ●57 r. 395 Prodigies to Alexander M. before his Death 572 r. 624 To the Athenians before irreparable slaughter in Sicily 305 r. 337 To Epaminondas before his Victory at Leuctra 428 430 r. 482 484 To Hannibal after the violation of the Sepulchres in Sicily 341 r 377 To Pelopidas before his Death 442 r. 499 To the Spartans before their slaughter at Leuctra 428 430 r. 482 484 To the Thebans before the Sacking of their City 604 r. 566 To Timoleon before his Expedition into Sicily 508 r. 545 Before his Fight with the Carthaginians 513 r. 551 Ptolemy Alorites King of Macedonia kills his Brother and was kill'd by his Brother 440 477 r 497 550 Ptolomaeus Lagus was cur'd by a divine Power 567 r. 617 Governour of Egypt 574 r. 628 His stately preparations for the buying of Alexander M. 587 r. 643 Confirm'd in the Government of Egypt 590 r. 648 Subdues Phoenicia 592 r. 650 Opposes Antigonus in divers places His Expedition into Cyprus Silicia and Syria and his Successes 98 r. 115 His Battel and Victory 646 647 r. 717 718 His War with Antigonus 664 r. 742 His Sea Fight with Demetrius at Cyprus 678 r. 759 Is worsted and returns into Egypt 680 r. 761 Recovers Coelo-Syria 704 r. 791 Pylae the Gates or Entry into Cilicia 366 r. 406 Pyrrhus the famous Enemy to the Romans 623 r. 690 Pythagorean Philosopher the Master to Epaminondas and Philip King of Macedon 478 510 The last of his Sect when they liv'd 440 r. 497 Pythia why the Priestesses were no longer Virgins 489 r. 524 Q. Quinda a strong Castle where Alexander M. Treasures were laid up and carried away by Antigonus 633 r. 702 Quinquiremes or five Oars on a Bank when first us'd 376 377 r. 418 419 R. Race a Horse over-run by a Man 362 r. 401 Rhegion a pleasant and fruitful Country in Africa 659 r. 736 Religion Zeleucus his Law concerning it 270 r. 299 The Violation of Religion punish'd by publick Calamities 286 391 392 428 r. 316 436 437 482 Rhodes the miserable Inundation at Rhodes 627 r. 695 Their War with Demetrius 691 r. 775 Staightly Besieg'd 692 r. 776 Their Fight with Demetrius and Victory 693 r. 777 778 The repairing of the City 699 r. 785 Rhoxana Wife of Alexander M. murder'd with her son by Cassander 654 r. 728 Romans the first time they paid Wages to their Soldiers 364 r. 403 The first time the People disobey'd the Senate 404 r. 452 Their sad Overthrow by the Gauls at Allia 406 r. 454 Defend the Capital 406 407 r. 455 456 Their Wars with the Samnites 611 640 641 642 652 675 710 711 713 726 With the Marsians and Hetrurians 676 r. 756 S. Sacrifice a Butcherly Sacrifice of Captives punished by God 684 r. 767 Sacrilege in divers manners punished by the Gods 504 505 506 490 494 698 r. 541 542 543 526 529 784 Causes a War 443 r. 500 Check'd by an Earthquake 503 r. 540 Cast in the Teeth of the Athenians by a Tyrant ibid. Salamis the Sea-Fight at Salamis between the Grecians and Persians and the remarkable Victory of the Greeks 224 225 r. 251 252 Saturn a Boy offer'd up to him The Idol at Carthage 341 663 r. 377 740 Sciones besieg'd and taken by Storm and most cruelly dealt with by the Athenians 291 292 294 r. 322 323 325 Stytalisme