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cause_n	accusation_n	accuse_v	accuser_n	114	3	10.1625	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A36034	The historical library of Diodorus the Sicilian in fifteen books : the first five contain the antiquities of Egypt, Asia, Africa, Greece, the islands, and Europe : the last ten an historical account of the affairs of the Persians, Grecians, Macedonians and other parts of the world : to which are added the fragments of Diodorus that are found in the Bibliotheca of Photius : together with those publish'd by H. Valesius, L. Rhodomannus, and F. Ursinus / made English by G. Booth ..., Esq.; Bibliotheca historica. English	Diodorus, Siculus.; Booth, George, 17th/18th cent.; Valois, Henri de, 1603-1676.; Rhodoman, Lorenz, 1546-1606.; Photius, Saint, Patriarch of Constantinople, ca. 820-ca. 891. Bibliotheca.; Orsini, Fulvio, 1529-1600.	1700 (1700)	Wing D1512; ESTC R15327	1,369,223	858

he had by the Amazon to Troezena to be bred and brought up by his Sister Aethra Of Phoedra he begat Acamantes and Demophon Hippolytus a while after coming to Athens to the Celebration of a great Festival Phoedra was so taken with his Beauty that she fell passionately in love with him But he going back again for that time she built near to the Citadel the Temple of Venus whence she might have a prospect of Traezene Afterwards going with Theseus to Traezene to visit Pittheus she solicited Hippolytus to lye with her who refusing the Motion her Love was turn'd into Hatred and Rage and therefore she accus'd him to her Husband that he attempted to Ravish her Theseus suspecting the truth of what she said summon'd Hippolytus to appear and answer the Accusation but Phoedra fearing she should be discover'd upon the Trial of the Cause hang'd herself When Hippolytus first heard of the Accusation he was driving a Chariot upon the News whereof he was in such a Consternation and Disturbance that he let the Reins fall which so startled the Horses that they hurried him away and broke the Chariot in Pieces and he himself being fastn'd in the Harness was drag'd along upon the Ground and so perish'd Hippolytus thus losing his Life upon the account of his commendable Chastity was ador'd by the Troezenians as a God Theseus afterwards by a Sedition being driven out of the City died in Banishment But the Athenians being sorry for what they had done brought back his Bones and honour'd him as a God and the Place where they bury'd him in the midst of Athens they made a Sanctuary which from him was call'd Theseion Since we have proceeded so far in the Story of Theseus we shall give a distinct account also of the Rape of Helen and of the intention of Perithous to court Proserpina for these things have a Relation to the History of Theseus Perithous the Son of Ixion after the Death of his Wife Hippodamia by whom he had a Son call'd Polypodes went to Athens to Theseus whom finding a Widower having then lately bury'd his Wife Phoedra he advis'd to steal away Helen the Daughter of Jupiter and Laeda who was then about Ten Years of Age and of surpassing Beauty To this end they went with some other of their Associates P. 185. to Lacedemon and catching a fit opportunity for the purpose seiz'd upon Helen as their common Prize and carry'd her away to Athens where it was agreed between them to cast Lots for her and that he who should have the good Fortune to gain her should faithfully assist the other through all Hazards whatsoever in procuring him another Wife This Compact being confirm'd by a Solemn Oath she fell by Lot to Theseus The Athenians were much incens'd at what was done in this Business Theseus therefore fearing the bad effect of it privately kept Helen at Aphidna one of the Cities of Attica and committed her to the care of his Mother Aethra and some other Persons of Quality that were his Faithful Friends Afterwards Perithous had a desire to court Proserpina and for this purpose requir'd Theseus to go along with him At first Theseus endeavour'd to dissuade him and to take him off from such a wicked and impious Design But Perithous urging him the more vehemently and by vertue of his Oath being bound thereunto he at length agreed to joyn with him in the Attempt To this end both of them descended into the * Hell See this explain'd in Plut. Thes This Pluto was the King of the Molossians and his Wives and Daughters Name was Proserpina who clapt both Theseus and the other up in Prison Shades below and for their Impudence and Impiety were clapt up and bound fast in Chains but Theseus was afterwards releas'd for the sake of Hercules But Perithous suffers Eternal Pains with the Infernal Spirits for his Wickedness though some Writers report that neither of 'em ever return'd About the same time they say Castor and Pollux the Brother of Helen assaulted Aphidna and taking it by Storm raz'd it to the Ground and carry'd away Helen still a Virgin to Lacedemon and with her among the Captives A●thra the Mother of Theseus Having spoke sufficiently of these things we shall now proceed to give an Account of the Seven Captains that made War against Thebes and shew the first Causes of that War Laius The Seven Captains against Thebes This is the first War related by any Heathen Historian either in Prose or Verse An. Mund. 2727 the 10th Year of Jair Judg. 10. 3. Before Christ 1221 about 30 Years before the Trojan War the King of Thebes having marry'd Jocasta the Daughter of Creon and for a long time being without Children at length consulted the Oracle whether he ever should have any Issue Pithia the Priestess gave answer from the Oracle that it would be unfortunate to him to have any Issue for the Son that he should afterwards beget should kill him and involve his whole Family in most dreadful Calamities But somewhat forgetful of what the Oracle had declar'd he afterwards begat a Son but bor'd his Feet through with an Iron and order'd him to be expos'd in the open Fields and for that reason he was afterwards call'd Oedipus The Servants that took him Oedipus into their Custody for that purpose were unwilling to leave him so to the wide World but gave him to † King of Scicion or Corinth Polybus his Wife who was barren Being attain'd at length to Man's Estate Laius resolv'd to inquire of the Oracle to know what was become of the expos'd Infant and Oedipus at the same time being by some one inform'd of the Design against him when he was so very Young took a Journey to Delphos to inquire of the Oracle who were his true Parents It so fell out that both of them meeting one another upon the Road in Phocis Laius in a proud and haughty manner commanded Oedipus to get out of the way who thereupon was so inrag'd that he fell upon Laius and kill'd him not knowing him to be his Father About that time they report that Sphinx a double shap'd Monster came to Sphinx Thebes and put forth a Riddle to be resolv'd by any that could Which none being able to do by reason of the difficulty of the thing she destroy'd many At length she became more moderate and offer'd a Reward to such as should unfold it that he should marry Jocasta and with her injoy the Kingdom of Thebes When none else could expound the Riddle Oedipus was the only Man that did it The Riddle propounded by Sphinx was this What Creature is that that is Two-Footed Three-Footed and Four-Footed When all others were puzled Oedipus interpreted it to be a Man who when he is an Infant creeps upon all * His Hands and Feet Four when he grows elder goes upright upon his Two Feet but when he is old he 's Three-Footed using a

Chief Command in the time of Antipater These being all forc'd out of the City fled to Alexander the Son of Polysperchon and endeavour'd to engage his help for their Preservation Alexander kindly receiv'd them Ant. Ch. 318. Phocion condemn'd at Athens P. 663. and writ on their behalf to his Father to protect Phocion and his Friends as those that favour'd his Interest and engag'd readily to afford their assistance in all his Concerns The Athenians likewise sent an Embassy to Polysperchon to accuse Phocion and to sollicite for the restitution of Munychia and restoring them to their ancient Laws and Liberties Polysperchon indeed had a very great desire to retain the Pircum because that Port might be of weighty concern and importance in the carrying of the War but was asham'd to act contrary to the Edict divulg'd by himself and fearing lest the Grecians should desert him if he dealt so basely with that City which was the Metropolis he chang'd his Mind Having therefore heard the Ambassadors he courteously dismist those from the Athenians with a Gracious Answer but seiz'd upon Phocion and all his Followers and sent Ant. Ch. 3●8 them bound to Athens granting Power to the People either to Pardon them or put them to death Whereupon a General Assembly being call'd in Athens Judgment of Death was resolv'd upon Phocion and the rest that were accus'd This was carry'd on by those who had been banish'd under Antipater and others that favour'd not that Government both these strongly urg'd to have them put to death The sum of the Accusation was this That after the Lamian War they endeavour'd for Phocion's hard usage at his Tryal in Athens the most part to Inslave their Country and to abolish the Democracy and the Ancient Laws Time being allotted to the Accus'd to plead their Cause Phocion began to speak for himself but the People tumultuously cry'd out against all that he said and rejected his Defence so that the Accus'd knew not what Course to take When the Tumult ceas'd Phocion began again to speak whereupon the whole Multitude set up a shout on purpose that what he said should not be heard For the Common People being not long before excluded from having any share in the Administration of the Government and now newly restor'd beyond all expectation to their Right bore an inveterate Hatred against those who depriv'd the Citizens of their Laws and Liberties While Phocion was thus overborn and even in a desperate Condition strugling to preserve his Life those that were next to him understood the Justice and Equity of his Cause but those at a distance could hear nothing for the Noise and Clamour that was made by the tumultuous Rabble but only discern'd the various trembling motions of his Body through the inevitable danger that seem'd to threaten him At length Phocion in despair of his own Life cry'd out aloud desiring them to condemn him to Die but to spare the rest But the Common People being Fierce and Inexorable some of Phocion's Friends stood Ant. Ch. 318. up to make his Defence Hereupon the People were quiet for a while and heard what they said at first but when they proceeded so far as to press Arguments for the clearing of his Innocency they were cast out with tumultuous and contradicting Clamours At length being all condemn'd by the unanimous Voice of the People they were carry'd away to the Gaol there to be executed and were follow'd by many Honest and Sober Men who bewail'd their Condition and the greatness of their Misery For upon serious Consideration of the inconstancy of every Man's Fortune it affrighted many to see that Magistrates and Persons of eminent Quality and Men that had shew'd many acts of kindness in the course of their Lives should neither have Liberty to plead for themselves nor otherways enjoy the Benefit of Law But many of the Rabble being incens'd against Phocion unmercifully even rent his Heart in pieces with Scoffs and Scorns and bitterly upbraided him with the Misery of his present Condition For Hatred smother'd towards Men while in Prosperity when it breaks forth with Anger against them in time of their Adversity becomes altogether Savage and Implacable Being therefore all put to Phocion and others put to Death Ant. Ch. 318. Death according to the Custom of the Country by drinking a Potion of Hemlock all their Bodies were cast forth unburied out of the Bounds and Limits of Attica And this was the end of Phocion with others that suffer'd with him in the same Calamity After this Cassander having got Five and thirty long Ships and Four thousand Men P. 664. Cassander arrives at Athens Polysperchon comes against him Sail'd into the Pireum and being receiv'd by Nicanor Governor of the Fort possess'd himself of the Pireum and the Harbour But Munychia Nicanor kept himself with a Force sufficient to defend the Place At this time Polysperchon and the Kings lay in Phocis where being inform'd of Cassander's being landed at the Pireum Polysperchon marched into Attica and Encamp'd near the Pireum He had with him Twenty thousand Macedonian Foot and Four thousand Confederates a Thousand Horse and Sixty five Elephants he resolv'd therefore to besiege Cassander But because Provision was scant and the Siege was likely to be long and tedious he was forc'd to leave so many of the Soldiers in Attica as the Country was able to maintain under the Command of Alexander and he himself marched into Peloponnesus with the greater part of the Army to reduce the Megalopolitans to the Obedience of the Kings for they being for an Oligarchy sided with Cassander While Polysperchon was busied in these Affairs Cassander sail'd with his Fleet to the Aegeans and brought them in to join with him but the Salaminians who were disaffected he closely besieg'd and being well furnish'd both with Men and Arms he assaulted them several days together and reduc'd them to very great Extremities But when the City was near being taken by Storm Polysperchon sent a considerable Force both by Sea and Land to attack the Besiegers at whose approach Cassander being affrighted he rais'd the Siege and sail'd back to Pireum Then Polysperchon pass'd over to Peloponnesus to settle Matters there for the Service and Advantage of the Kings Coming there he Ant. Ch. 318. call'd a Senate and spoke to them concerning their joining with him as Confederates in the War he sent likewise Commissioners to the Cities with Orders to put to Death them that were created Magistrates in the Oligarchy by Antipater and to restore the People to their ancient Laws Many obey'd the Order so that while Slaughters and Banishments fill'd the Cities they that favour'd Antipater's Party were ruin'd and destroy'd and the Democratital Governments being restor'd to their ancient Laws all join'd with Polysperchon The Megalopolitans only kept close to Cassander therefore he determin'd to besiege their City The Megalopolitans hearing what was design'd by Polysperchon order'd by

Creatures he had Brib'd them with Gifts Preferments and many large Promises When the King had read these Letters believing all to be true he writ back to Orontes to seize upon Terabazus and to send him forthwith to him Whereupon he executed the Command and when Terabazus came before the King he desir'd he might Terabazus seiz'd be brought to his Legal Trial upon which he was committed into Custody But the Trial was long deserr'd because the King presently after was engag'd in the War against the Carducians In the mean time Orontes now Chief Commander of the Army in Cyprus seeing Evagoras Ant. Ch. 383. courageously defend the Place and perceiving his own Soldiers discontented with the seizing of Terabazus and to slight his Commands and fall off from the Siege fearing some sudden Misfortune sent to Evagoras and a Peace was concluded upon the same Terms he would have agreed with Teribazus And thus Evagoras beyond his own Expectation Peace made with Evagoras freed from absolute Slavery enter'd into a League upon Conditions that he should pay a Yearly Tribute to the King and be Sovereign Lord of Salamis and Subject to the King no otherwise than as one King to another And thus ended the Cyprian War which was spun out near Ten years though most of that time was only spent in Preparation and not above two Years of it in actual War But Gaius the Vice-Admiral of the Fleet who had marry'd the Daughter of Terabazus was in great pain lest he should suffer something or other out of suspicion of his being Familiar and Conversant with Terabazus Therefore he resolv'd to be before hand with the Gaius revolts from the King of Persia King and to that end being well furnish'd with a brave Navy and having the Love of the Sea-Captains and Officers he began to advise and consider of a Defection and forthwith without any further stop enter'd into a League with Acoris King of Aegypt against the great King of Persia He stirr'd up likewise the Lacedaemonians by his Letters and amongst P. 463. other large and glorious Promises he engag'd he would assist them in settling their Affairs in Greece and maintaining and supporting their Sovereignty And in truth the Ant. Ch. 383. Spartans had sometime before been contriving how to recover the Sovereign Power over the Graecians and at that time had given clear indications by their disturbances of their design to Enslave the Cities And that which further'd the Matter was they repented of the Peace made with Artaxerxes because they were Charg'd and Accus'd to have betray'd all the Graecians in Asia by that League with the King therefore they were very ready to catch at an Opportunity to renew the War and to that end very chearfully made a League with Gaius After Artaxerxes had ended the War with the Cadusians he brought Terabazus to his A People 〈…〉 g between the Euxine and Caspian Seas Judges flead alive Terabazus brought to his Trial. Trial and referr'd the Cognisance of his Cause to Three Honourable Persons Near this time some Corrupt Judges were flead alive and their Skins spread round the Judgment-Seats that those that sate there might always have an Example before their Eyes of the Punishment due to Injustice to deterr them from the like The Accusers therefore of Terabazus produced against him the Letters of Orontes earnestly pressing them as sufficient Evidence to convict him On the other hand Terabazus that he might make it evidently appear that the Accusation was a meer Scandal contriv'd between Orontes and Evagoras produc'd the Agreement between them whereby Evagoras was to obey the King as a King himself and no otherwise and that the Terms upon which Terabazus would have made Peace were That Evagoras should be observant to the King as a Servant to his Master And as to the Oracle he brought all those Graecians Ant. Ch. 383. that were at that time present to testify That the God return'd not any Answer relating to the Death of any Person And as to the good Correspondence between him and the Lacedaemonians he declar'd that he enter'd into a League with them not for any private Advantge of his own but for the Profit and Advantage of the King For by this means he told them the Graecians in Asia being divided from the Lacedaemonians were made better Subjects and more Obedient and going on with his Defence he put the Judges in mind of his former remarkable Services to the Crown Amongst those which clearly manifested his Faith and Loyalty to the King and which Terabazus kill'd two Lions to save the King deserv'd the greatest Commendation and chiefly as was said wan the King's Heart was this That when the King was one day in his Chariot a Hunting two Lions ran fiercely upon him and tearing the two Chariot-Horses in pieces they made at him at which instant Therabazus came fortunately in kill'd both the Lions and so rescu'd the King It 's likewise reported of him that he was a Person of extraordinary Valour and of so sound and solid a Judgment in Council that the King never miscarry'd when he follow'd his Advice When Terabazus had ended what he had to say in his own defence all the Judges with Terabazus acquitted one Voice acquitted him and pronouc'd him Innocent of all the Crimes and Offences laid to his Charge But the King afterwards sent for the Judges to him severally and examined every one by himself upon what Grounds of Law they pronounc'd the Accus'd Innocent To whom the first answer'd That the Matter of the Accusation was Uncertain and Dubious but his good Services were Clear Apparent and Manifest to all Another said That thô those things objected against him were true yet that all his Faults were over-ballanced by his Deserts The Third justify'd his Vote to discharge him by declaring Ant. Ch. 383. That he had no regard to his Merits because the King had rewarded them above their Deserts but upon strict Examining the Nature of every particular Charge it did not appear to him that the Party accus'd was guilty of any of them Upon which the King commended the Judges as Just and Upright Men and advanc'd Terabazus to the highest Places of Honour But as to Orontes he discarded him as a False Accuser and noted P. 464. him with all the Marks of Ignominy and Disgrace And thus stood Affairs in Asia at this time CHAP. II. Mantinea Besieg'd by the Lacedmonians Dionysius aims to gain the Islands of the Adriatick Sea The Parii built Pharos Dionysius his Expedition into Hetruria Prepares for War against the Carthaginians The Sicilians routed at Cronion The quarrel between the Clazomenians and them of Cuma about Leuce The War between Amyntas and the Olynthians The Lacedemonians seize the Citadel Cadmea at Thebes Eudamidas breaks into the Olynthians Country IN Greece the Lacedemonians press'd on the Siege of Mantinea and the Mantineans bravely defended the place all

them Neither is it to be wonder'd at inasmuch as the Honours given to the Gods are various some sort of Honours given to one and others to another especially those Honours of later time Nay those Honours given to some of the Hero's differ from Divine Honours 'T is not therefore fit to confound these things nor to advance Men above themselves and all Mankind besides and to degrade the Gods by Worshipping them with the same Worship wherewith we adore Men. Alexander himself would not suffer any private Man to usurp the Regal Dignity and Honours due to himself though he gain'd 'em by the unjust Suffrages of the People much more justly therefore may the Gods be angry if any mortal Man assume to himself Divine Honours or accept of them from others However let Alexander be esteem'd as in truth he is by many degrees the most Valiant of them that are Valiant the greatest King amongst all other Kings and amongst Generals the most Worthy to Command But as for thee Anaxarchus 't is thy Duty above any other to instruct Alexander in these things that have been spoken and to d●ter him from the contrary for thy Conversation he daily makes use of in order to improve in Wisdom and Learning Neither does it become thee to be the beginner of this Discourse but rather to remember that thou art not advising Cambyses or Xerxes but the Son of Philip descended from Hercules and Achilles whose Ancestors came out of Argos into Macedonia and maintain'd their Empire not by Arbitrary Power but by Ruling according to the Laws and Customs of the Macedonians But Divine Houours were not confevr'd upon Hercules himself by the Grecians while he was living nay nor when he was dead before the Oracle at Delphos commanded that he should be worshipp'd as a God But if there be but few that are in the Country of the Barbarians we ought to entertain the same Sentiments with them And I earnestly entreat thee Alexander to remember Greece for whose sake this Expedition was undertaken by thee in order to add Asia to Greece And now consider whether when you return thither you can be able to compel the free People of Greece to adore you as a God or excepting them of Greece you can impose this Dishonour and Slavery upon the Macedonians only or whether it be fit that quite different Honours be there allow'd you being the Grecians confer only those that are Human according to the Custom and Manner of the Greeks when at the same time only the Barbarians worship you as a God after the manner of Barbarians But if it be objected That Cyrus Son of Cambyses was the first of all mortal Men that was ador'd by Men as a God ana that since that time this Adoration has continued amongst the Medes and Persians yet you are to consider how his Pride was curb'd by the Scythians a poor and indigent People And how other Scythians again reduc'd Darius to more sober Thoughts of himself and the Athenians and Lacedaemonians Xerxes and Clearchus and Xenophon Artaxerxes only with Ten thousand Men and Darius now overcome by Alexander when at that time no Divine Honours were decreed to him When Calisthenes had spoken these and other things to the same purpose Alexander took it very heinously but what he said was very grateful and acceptable to the Macedonians which being known Alexander sent some to urge the Macedonians to remember the Adoration of the King upon which there being a great silence those among the Persians that were most Eminent for Birth and Honourable for Age all rose up together and * Prostrated themselves ador'd him But Leonatus one of Alexander's Friends when he saw one of the Perfians sordidly prostrating himself he fell a laughing at the poor and mean Gesture of the Persian at which Alexander was at the first very angry but was afterwards pacifi'd Some write that the King drank in a golden Bowl to them with whom he had made the Compact to adore him in a Ring as they sat and that the first that pledg'd him presently arose and * By P●ystrat●● ador'd him and then kiss'd him and so in order the rest did the same one after another But when it came to Calisthenes's turn he rose up and drank off the Bowl and when he had done without adoring him drew near to the King to kiss him Alexander was then accidentally discoursing with Hephestion and therefore did not mind whether he omitted the Adoration or not But Demetrius the Son of Pythonax one of Alexander's Friends observing when Calisthenes approach'd to kiss Alexander inform'd him that Calisthenes had not ador'd him upon which the King turn'd away from him and thereupon Calisthenes said he must now be discarded with the Loss of a Kiss I cannot indeed praise either any of these things that tended to Alexander's Dishonour or the Moroseness of Calisthenes for I conceive it had been enough for him modestly to have carry'd himself and for him who would serve the King to promote his Affairs to the best advantage as far as ever he was able And therefore I am of Opinion that Calisthenes was not without just cause hated by Alexander by reason of the unseasonable liberty of his Speech and foolish Malepertness For which reason I believe Credit was more easily given afterwards to his Accusers by whom he was charg'd to be in the Conspiracy with the Pages against the King's Life and to others who affirm'd that they were put on to it by him The Conspiracy was thus There was an Order formerly made by Philip that from among the Sons of the Macedonian Nobility when they grew up to Men's estate choice should be made of some from time to time to attend upon the King both to be Squires of his Body and Gentlemen of his Bedchamber These Youths when the King was about to ride receiv'd the Horses from the Querries and led them to the King and after the Persian manner help'd him to mount and waited upon him whenever he went forth a Hunting Among these there was one Hermolaus the Son of Sopolides who studied Philosophy and was Scholar to Calisthenes The Report is That a wild Boar in the course of Hunting meeting Alexander this Hermolaus prevented the King who was aiming at him and kill'd the Boar. The King hereupon being in a rage to have the Opportunity of killing the Boar snatch'd out of his hand commanded that the Youth should be whipt in the presence of all the other Pages and have his Horse taken from him Which Disgrace he not being able to bear open'd his Mind to Sostrates the Son of Amyntas one of his Companions of the same Quality and his Bosom Friend and declar'd to him that his Life wou'd be but a Burden to him unless he could revenge the Injury done him upon Alexander and it was no difficult matter to persuade Sostrates being his special Friend to join with him in this Traiterous Conspiracy Antipater