Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	according_a	king_n	law_n	2,841	5	4.9044	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A59088	Of the dominion or ownership of the sea two books : in the first is shew'd that the sea, by the lavv of nature or nations, is not common to all men, but capable of private dominion or proprietie, as well as the land : in the second is proved that the dominion of the British sea, or that which incompasseth the isle of Great Britain is, and ever hath been, a part or appendant of the empire of that island writen at first in Latin, and entituled, Mare clausum, seu, De dominio maris, by John Selden, Esquire ; translated into English and set forth with som additional evidences and discourses, by Marchamont Nedham.; Mare clausum. English	Selden, John, 1584-1654.; Nedham, Marchamont, 1620-1678.	1652 (1652)	Wing S2432; ESTC R15125	334,213	600

there_o be_v no_o memorial_n to_o the_o contrary_a have_v be_v in_o peaceable_a possession_n of_o the_o sovereign_a lordship_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o england_n and_o of_o the_o isle_n within_o the_o same_o with_o power_n of_o make_v and_o establish_v law_n statute_n and_o prohibitions_n of_o people_n as_o well_o of_o other_o domin●●ns_n as_o their_o 〈◊〉_d pass_v through_o the_o say_a sea_n and_o the_o saveraign_a guard_n thereof_o and_o also_o 〈…〉_o all_o manner_n of_o cognisance_n in_o cause_n and_o of_o do_v right_o a●d_v justice_n to_o high_a and_o low_a according_a to_o the_o say_a law_n statute_n ordinance_n and_o prohibition_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n which_o may_v appertein_a to_o the_o exercise_n of_o sovereign_a jurisdiction_n in_o the_o place_n aforesaid_a and_o whereas_o a._n de_fw-fr b._n depute_a admiral_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o all_o other_o admiral_n appoint_v by_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n and_o his_o ancestor_n heretofore_o kings_z of_o england_n of_o a●●●al_n and_o complaint_n make_v of_o they_o to_o their_o sovereign_n the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o default_n of_o justice_n or_o for_o evil_a jud●●●n●_n a●d_n especial_o of_o make_v prohibition_n do_v justice_n and_o take_v surety_n of_o the_o peace_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o people_n use_v arm_n in_o the_o say_a sea_n or_o carry_v s●●ps_n otherwise_o furnish_v and_o ●et_a forth_o th●●_n merchantman_n use_v to_o be_v a●d_v in_o all_o other_o point_n where_o a_o man_n may_v have_v reasonable_a cause_n to_o suspect_v they_o of_o robbery_n or_o other_o ●…uors_n and_o whereas_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n of_o the_o say_a kingdom_n of_o england_n in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o say_a admiral_n have_v be_v in_o peaceable_a possession_n of_o take_v cognisance_n and_o judge_v of_o all_o ●_z do_v in_o the_o say_a sea_n between_o all_o manner_n of_o people_n according_a to_o the_o law_n statute_n prohibition_n and_o custom_n and_o whereas_o in_o the_o first_o article_n of_o the_o league_n late_o make_v between_o the_o say_a king_n in_o the_o treaty_n upon_o the_o last_o peace_n at_o paris_n there_o be_v comprise_v the_o word_n here_o follow_v in_o a_o schedule_n annex_v to_o these_o present_n but_o that_o which_o follow_v we_o be_v not_o write_v in_o a_o schedule_n annex_v but_o in_o the_o same_o parchment_n from_o whence_o it_o may_v perhaps_o be_v conjecture_v that_o these_o be_v not_o so_o much_o the_o very_a libel_n themselves_o which_o be_v exhibit_v to_o the_o commissioner_n or_o auditor_n as_o ancient_a copy_n take_v from_o the_o original_a as_o also_o from_o this_o that_o the_o name_n of_o the_o admiral_n be_v set_v down_o a._n de_fw-fr b._n which_o two_o first_o letter_n do_v not_o agree_v with_o the_o name_n of_o any_o one_o that_o we_o can_v find_v in_o record_n to_o have_v be_v admiral_n of_o england_n at_o that_o time_n first_o it_o be_v conclude_v and_o accord_v between_o we_o and_o the_o agent_n and_o procurator_n aforesaid_a in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o say_a king_n that_o the_o say_v king_n shall_v from_o this_o time_n forward_o become_v to_o each_o other_o good_a true_a and_o faithful_a friend_n and_o be_v aid_v to_o one_o another_o against_o all_o man_n save_v the_o church_n of_o rome_n in_o such_o manner_n that_o if_o any_o one_o or_o more_o whosoever_o they_o be_v shall_v intend_v to_o disturb_v hinder_v or_o molest_v the_o say_v king_n in_o the_o franchise_n liberty_n privilege_n right_n and_o custom_n of_o they_o and_o their_o kingdom_n they_o shall_v be_v good_a and_o faithful_a friend_n to_o each_o other_o and_o aid_v against_o all_o man_n live_v and_o ready_a to_o die_v to_o defend_v keep_v and_o maintain_v the_o franchise_n liberty_n privilege_n right_n and_o custom_n aforesaid_a except_o on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n john_n duke_n of_o brabant_n in_o brabant_n and_o his_o heir_n descend_v from_o he_o and_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o except_o on_o the_o behalf_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o say_a king_n of_o france_n the_o excellent_a prince_n mounseur_fw-fr albert_n king_n of_o almaign_n and_o his_o heir_n king_n of_o almaign_a and_o mounseur_fw-fr john_n earl_n of_o henault_n in_o henault_n and_o that_o the_o one_o shall_v not_o be_v of_o counsel_n nor_o aid_v where_o the_o other_o may_v lose_v life_n member_n estate_n or_o honour_n mounseur_fw-fr reyner_n grimbald_n master_n of_o the_o navy_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o france_n who_o call_v himself_o admiral_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n be_v depute_v by_o his_o aforesaid_a lord_n in_o his_o war_n against_o the_o fleming_n do_v after_o the_o say_a league_n make_v and_o confirm_v against_o the_o tenor_n and_o obligation_n of_o the_o say_a league_n and_o the_o intent_n of_o they_o that_o make_v it_o wrongful_o assume_v and_o exercise_v the_o office_n of_o admiralty_n in_o the_o say_a sea_n of_o england_n above_o the_o space_n of_o a_o year_n by_o commission_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o france_n take_v the_o people_n and_o merchant_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o of_o other_o place_n pass_v through_o the_o say_a sea_n with_o their_o good_n and_o commit_v they_o so_o take_v to_o the_o prison_n of_o his_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o deliver_v their_o good_n and_o merchandise_n to_o the_o receiver_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o france_n by_o he_o depute_v in_o the_o port_n of_o his_o say_a kingdom_n as_o forfeit_v and_o due_a unto_o he_o to_o remain_v at_o his_o judgement_n and_o award_n and_o the_o take_n and_o detain_v of_o the_o say_a people_n with_o their_o say_a good_n as_o also_o his_o say_a judgement_n &_o award_n for_o the_o forfeiture_n &_o acquest_n of_o they_o he_o have_v justify_v before_o you_o lord_n auditor_n in_o write_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o authority_n of_o his_o say_a commission_n of_o admiralty_n aforesaid_a by_o he_o usurp_v after_o this_o manner_n and_o during_o a_o prohibition_n or_o restraint_n general_o make_v and_o proclaim_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o right_a of_o his_o dominion_n according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o three_o article_n of_o the_o league_n aforesaid_a which_o contain_n the_o word_n above-written_a require_v that_o he_o may_v thereupon_o be_v acquit_v and_o discharge_v of_o the_o same_o to_o the_o great_a damage_n and_o prejudice_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n and_o of_o the_o prelate_n &_o noble_n &_o other_o abovementioned_a wherefore_o the_o say_a procurator_n in_o the_o name_n of_o their_o say_a lord_n do_v pray_v your_o lordship_n auditor_n that_o you_o will_v cause_v due_a and_o speedy_a deliverance_n of_o the_o say_a people_n with_o their_o good_n and_o merchandise_n so_o take_v and_o detain_v to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o admiral_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n to_o who_o the_o cognisance_n of_o the_o same_o of_o right_n appertain_v as_o be_v before_o express_v so_o that_o without_o disturbance_n from_o you_o or_o any_o other_o he_o may_v take_v cognisance_n thereof_o and_o do_v what_o belong_v to_o his_o office_n aforesaid_a and_o the_o say_v mounseur_fw-fr reyner_n be_v condemn_v and_o constrain_v to_o make_v satisfaction_n for_o all_o the_o say_a damage_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o he_o shall_v be_v able_a and_o in_o his_o default_n his_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n of_o france_n by_o who_o he_o be_v depute_v to_o the_o say_a office_n and_o that_o after_o satisfaction_n give_v for_o the_o say_a damage_n the_o say_v mounseur_fw-fr reyner_n may_v be_v so_o due_o punish_v for_o the_o violation_n of_o the_o say_a league_n that_o his_o punishment_n may_v be_v a_o example_n to_o other_o in_o time_n to_o come_v so_o far_o the_o libel_n of_o so_o many_o nation_n manifest_o acknowledge_v the_o sovereignty_n and_o dominion_n of_o our_o king_n over_o the_o sea_n and_o thereupon_o demand_v protection_n for_o themselves_o and_o whereas_o no_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o this_o thing_n in_o the_o history_n either_o of_o the_o french_a english_a or_o other_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n since_o the_o proceed_n of_o court_n of_o judicature_n be_v very_o seldom_o set_v down_o in_o histori●●_n but_o we_o understand_v by_o the_o french_a history_n that_o this_o gri●bald_n be_v gou●●●or_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n at_o the_o very_a same_o time_n paulus_n aemiliu●_n write_v of_o philip_n the_o fair_a say_v 8._o he_o hire_v sixteen_o galley_n from_o genoa_n ●ver_v which_o reyner_n grimbald_n be_v governor_n or_o commander_n he_o sail_v about_o by_o sea_n infest_a the_o sea-coast_n of_o flanders_n regimerus_n regin●rus_n or_o reynerus_n grimbaldus_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o man_n and_o among_o the_o genoêse_n there_o be_v a_o eminent_a family_n of_o that_o name_n but_o because_o he_o be_v a_o foreiner_n and_o mercenary_a therefore_o it_o seem_v joannes_n feronius_n leave_v

that_o libel_n by_o so_o many_o nation_n moreover_o true_o it_o be_v worthy_a observation_n that_o about_o the_o very_a same_o time_n to_o wit_n a_o little_a before_o the_o make_n of_o the_o league_n the_o king_n of_o england_n do_v homage_n to_o the_o french_a king_n for_o the_o duchy_n of_o 40b._o aquitain_n the_o earldom_n of_o pontois_n and_o other_o province_n that_o he_o hold_v in_o france_n that_o he_o be_v also_o whole_o deprive_v of_o they_o some_o time_n before_o by_o decree_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o alii_fw-la paris_n yea_o and_o that_o about_o one_o hundred_o year_n before_o king_n john_n be_v out_v of_o normandy_n and_o yet_o afterward_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n now_o and_o then_o regain_v a_o possession_n of_o it_o and_o that_o before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o league_n and_o of_o the_o publication_n of_o this_o libel_n which_o serve_v all_o to_o this_o end_n that_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o when_o the_o aforesaid_a famous_a controversy_n arise_v about_o the_o use_n and_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v between_o france_n and_o britain_n and_o the_o absolute_a dominion_n thereof_o be_v asscribe_v by_o so_o many_o nation_n upon_o a_o title_n derive_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o his_o predecessor_n yet_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n no_o title_n at_o all_o be_v pretend_v in_o right_a to_o their_o possession_n either_o of_o normandy_n or_o aquitain_n whereupon_o a_o dominion_n of_o any_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v in_o any_o sort_n be_v ground_v but_o claim_v upon_o the_o sole_a right_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n and_o it_o appear_v evident_a by_o the_o thing_n itself_o that_o the_o thing_n complain_v of_o by_o those_o nation_n in_o the_o libel_n be_v do_v by_o that_o governor_n of_o the_o french_a navy_n chief_o in_o the_o sea_n near_o the_o shore_n of_o france_n and_o flanders_n which_o be_v in_o hostility_n with_o each_o other_o and_o so_o certain_o they_o all_o unanimous_o affirm_v that_o the_o whole_a sea_n whereof_o they_o speak_v be_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o that_o upon_o the_o sole_a account_n and_o right_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n and_o as_o for_o grimbald_n he_o do_v not_o defend_v himself_o either_o by_o a_o pretence_n of_o any_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n or_o by_o disprove_v of_o that_o prescription_n whereupon_o the_o english_a title_n depend_v as_o a_o thing_n not_o declare_v according_a to_o truth_n or_o ancient_a right_n nor_o do_v he_o at_o all_o pretend_v that_o the_o right_n which_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v in_o the_o sea_n board_n ring_n upon_o france_n do_v belong_v to_o they_o either_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o normandy_n or_o any_o other_o french_a province_n whatsoêver_o as_o fiduciarie_n client_n or_o vassal_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n though_o it_o have_v be_v convenient_a and_o very_o seasonable_a for_o he_o to_o have_v allege_v all_o these_o particular_n if_o the_o truth_n have_v be_v so_o indeed_o whereby_o also_o that_o be_v not_o a_o little_a confirm_v whereof_o we_o discourse_v before_o about_o take_v the_o name_n of_o the_o shore_n over_o against_o we_o in_o the_o late_a commission_n of_o the_o office_n of_o high_a admiral_n of_o england_n for_o limit_n only_o of_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o of_o the_o province_n thereof_o under_o their_o protection_n moreover_o also_o about_o seven_o year_n before_o the_o exhibit_v of_o the_o aforesaid_a libel_n to_o the_o commissioner_n when_o as_o the_o king_n of_o france_n by_o reason_n of_o divers_a heinous_a injury_n do_v to_o his_o subject_n by_o the_o english_a in_o this_o sea_n require_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o he_o be_v the_o fiduciarie_n client_n or_o vassal_n because_o of_o aquitain_n and_o other_o province_n that_o he_o hold_v under_o he_o in_o france_n shall_v be_v question_v not_o only_o for_o wrong_v do_v but_o also_o for_o his_o right_n to_o those_o land_n which_o he_o hold_v and_o be_v summon_v to_o appear_v in_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n the_o matter_n be_v set_v down_o at_o large_a in_o the_o letter_n of_o summons_n he_o insert_v nothing_o therein_o whereby_o he_o may_v seem_v to_o arrogate_v any_o sea-dominion_n at_o all_o to_o himself_o or_o diminish_v that_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o 1293._o i_o lorilegus_fw-la who_o have_v set_v down_o a_o entire_a copy_n of_o they_o in_o his_o annal_n the_o same_o author_n also_o speak_v of_o the_o same_o time_n say_v 1294._o at_o that_o time_n there_o be_v neither_o lord_n nor_o law_n over_o the_o sea_n man_n but_o what_o every_o man_n be_v able_a to_o catch_v or_o snatch_v he_o call_v his_o own_o which_o plain_o denote_n a_o extraordinary_a licence_n or_o of_o depredation_n and_o infest_v the_o sea_n yet_o so_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o incomparable_a power_n of_o the_o english_a in_o ship_n which_o guard_v their_o dominion_n by_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o their_o ancestor_n be_v chief_o signify_v thereby_o the_o king_n very_o free_o permit_v his_o subject_n to_o use_v depredation_n by_o sea_n as_o long_o as_o the_o war_n continue_v for_o florilegus_n himself_o relate_n that_o great_a number_n both_o of_o french_a and_o spaniard_n be_v then_o take_v at_o sea_n by_o the_o english_a yea_o and_o about_o 1297_o that_o time_n thomas_n of_o walsingham_n write_v that_o either_o a_o french_a or_o norman_a navy_n of_o two_o hundred_o sail_n which_o rove_v about_o this_o sea_n to_o rob_v the_o english_a be_v overcome_v by_o a_o fleet_n of_o sixty_o english_a ship_n and_o bring_v into_o england_n there_o be_v also_o another_o ancient_a author_n of_o the_o same_o time_n when_o these_o affair_n be_v act_v who_o say_v ms._n that_o in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n mccxciv_o there_o fall_v out_o a_o quarrel_n between_o the_o seaman_n of_o the_o cinque-port_n of_o england_n and_o the_o seaman_n of_o france_n and_o it_o be_v determine_v by_o a_o fight_n at_o sea_n wherein_o the_o english_a with_o a_o fleet_n of_o one_o hundred_o sail_n take_v two_o hundred_o ship_n of_o france_n and_o drown_v or_o kill_v almost_o all_o the_o seaman_n of_o france_n for_o which_o cause_n philip_n king_n of_o france_n endeavour_v to_o take_v away_o gascoign_n from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n other_o there_o be_v likewise_o that_o have_v other_o expression_n touch_v these_o thing_n whereby_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o collect_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o that_o of_o florilegus_n when_o he_o say_v that_o there_o be_v neither_o lord_n nor_o law_n over_o seaman_n at_o that_o time_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v let_v the_o reins_o loose_a to_o his_o subject_n as_o moderator_n of_o this_o sea_n and_o this_o he_o do_v that_o they_o may_v not_o only_o restrain_v his_o enemy_n but_o they_o also_o that_o shall_v reliev_n his_o enemy_n in_o any_o manner_n whatsoêver_o or_o that_o shall_v use_v the_o sea_n otherwise_o than_o at_o his_o pleasure_n who_o be_v lord_n thereof_o but_o as_o concern_v the_o like_a acknowledgement_n make_v single_o and_o apart_o by_o the_o fleming_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n over_o the_o sea_n i_o shall_v treat_v by_o and_o by_o after_o that_o i_o have_v in_o the_o next_o place_n set_v before_o you_o the_o libel_n itself_o in_o its_o own_o that_o be_v the_o norman_a tongue_n as_o it_o stand_v record_v in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n a_o copy_n or_o transcript_n of_o the_o libel_n or_o bill_n of_o complaint_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n chap._n xxviii_o in_o the_o archive_v of_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n where_o record_n of_o above_o four_o hundred_o year_n be_v keep_v there_o be_v a_o bundle_n of_o parchment_n which_o contain_v some_o affair_n relate_v to_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o three_o the_o first_o conte_v a_o agreement_n make_v between_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o guy_n earl_n of_o flanders_n touch_v their_o ship_n bear_v of_o colors_z about_o this_o sea_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v be_v the_o more_o easy_o know_v then_o there_o be_v annex_v three_o either_o original_n or_o copy_n of_o the_o say_a libel_n write_v at_o the_o same_o time_n for_o as_o it_o seem_v the_o several_a procurator_n of_o those_o nation_n that_o be_v party_n in_o the_o complaint_n have_v their_o several_a libel_n though_o express_v in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o together_o so_o that_o one_o be_v endorse_v thus_o de_fw-fr baiona_n as_o if_o that_o libel_n have_v be_v exhibit_v single_o by_o the_o man_n of_o bayonne_n but_o the_o title_n run_v thus_o de_fw-fr superioritate_fw-la maris_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o jure_fw-la officii_fw-la admirallatûs_fw-la in_o eodem_fw-la

forbid_v man_n passage_n in_o the_o common_a road_n without_o some_o just_a cause_n which_o must_v be_v determine_v in_o a_o imperial_a diet_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v wrest_v by_o some_o to_o prove_v a_o freedom_n of_o navigation_n at_o sea_n for_o that_o happen_v by_o a_o particular_a law_n agree_v upon_o by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o empire_n who_o themselves_o also_o be_v subject_a to_o a_o diet_n but_o other_o nation_n that_o be_v under_o several_a and_o distinct_a sovereignty_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o make_v any_o such_o agreement_n that_o there_o shall_v always_o be_v a_o liberty_n of_o passage_n to_o and_o fro_o nor_o have_v they_o like_o the_o germanet_fw-la and_o other_o within_o their_o dominion_n refer_v themselves_o unto_o a_o umpire_n to_o determine_v the_o business_n a_o answer_n to_o that_o objection_n concern_v the_o uncertain_a fluid_a nature_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o its_o continual_a alteration_n it_o be_v prove_v that_o river_n also_o and_o the_o adjoin_a aër_fw-la which_o be_v more_o fluid_a and_o uncertain_a may_v become_v appropriate_a chap._n xxi_o but_o they_o say_v that_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o sea_n render_v it_o unfit_a for_o private_a dominion_n both_o because_o it_o be_v ever_o in_o motion_n and_o in_o no_o wise_a remain_n the_o same_o as_o also_o because_o a_o convenient_a matter_n as_o well_o as_o instrument_n be_v want_v therein_o to_o make_v a_o distinction_n of_o bound_n without_o which_o private_a dominion_n can_v well_o consist_v yea_o and_o because_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o vast_a and_o spacious_a body_n it_o be_v always_o sufficient_a for_o all_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v its_o fluid_a nature_n be_v not_o river_n and_o fountain_n much_o more_o in_o a_o perpetual_a flux_n or_o motion_n rivers_z always_o run_v forward_o wherewith_o the_o sea_n be_v compare_v it_o seem_v to_o stand_v immovable_a as_o say_v 1._o strabo_n and_o ●_o eustathius_n say_v that_o homer_n therefore_o call_v the_o sea_n by_o the_o name_n of_o a_o stand_a pool_n because_o it_o run_v not_o forward_o as_o river_n do_v but_o be_v very_a stable_n and_o 1._o another_o say_v the_o sea_n stand_v without_o motion_n as_o it_o be_v some_o dull_a heap_n of_o matter_n that_o nature_n can_v not_o bring_v to_o perfection_n but_o suppose_v we_o grant_v it_o be_v so_o fluid_a as_o be_v usual_o say_v of_o the_o most_o northern_o sea_n and_o channel_n yet_o certain_o the_o channel_n and_o place_n out_o of_o which_o the_o water_n flow_v remain_v ever_o the_o same_o though_o the_o water_n themselves_o do_v shift_n and_o change_v continual_o nor_o yet_o can_v it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o right_n of_o private_a dominion_n over_o river_n be_v any_o whit_n prejudice_v thereby_o in_o the_o romane-germane_n empire_n rivers_n according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v of_o public_a use_n yet_o they_o be_v reckon_v in_o the_o emperor_n be_v etc._n private_a patrimony_n and_o among_o the_o right_n or_o royalty_n belong_v to_o his_o exchequer_n so_o that_o either_o the_o emperor_n or_o other_o by_o his_o grant_n have_v in_o like_a manner_n a_o yearly_a revenue_n out_o of_o the_o fishery_n in_o they_o upon_o which_o account_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o they_o of_o lombardy_n and_o other_o particular_a people_n throughout_o italy_n enjoie_v all_o the_o river_n of_o their_o territory_n as_o proper_a and_o peculiar_a to_o themselves_o by_o prescription_n as_o we_o be_v tell_v by_o 31._o caepola_n nor_o be_v any_o thing_n more_o common_a than_o a_o assert_v of_o the_o private_a dominion_n of_o river_n as_o well_o as_o their_o bank_n in_o the_o law_n of_o spain_n france_n poland_n and_o venice_n and_o in_o a_o word_n of_o all_o nation_n who_o custom_n be_v know_v to_o we_o nor_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v this_o objection_n fetch_v it_o from_o the_o fluid_a constitution_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v there_o any_o difference_n in_o nature_n between_o a_o great_a and_o a_o lesser_a a_o private_a and_o a_o public_a river_n even_o ●luminibus_fw-la ulpian_n himself_o concern_v river_n say_v there_o be_v no_o difference_n between_o a_o private_a river_n and_o other_o private_a place_n and_o usucapionibus_fw-la martianus_n if_o a_o man_n have_v fish_v all_o alone_a many_o year_n in_o a_o corner_n of_o a_o public_a river_n he_o may_v hinder_v any_o other_o from_o use_v the_o same_o liberty_n moreover_o oftentimes_o heretofore_o in_o the_o roman_a empire_n rivers_n be_v make_v over_o as_o well_o as_o other_o part_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o land_n assign_v agrorum_fw-la siculus_n flaccus_n say_v in_o some_o country_n even_o the_o river_n themselves_o be_v assign_v out_o by_o measure_n but_o in_o some_o the_o subcesive_a or_o remanent_fw-la part_n only_o be_v leave_v out_o unassign_v and_o yet_o it_o be_v except_v out_o from_o the_o part_n assign_v as_o belong_v still_o only_o to_o the_o river_n itself_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n also_o agrorum_fw-la aggenus_n urbicus_n for_o it_o be_v never_o conceive_v that_o the_o river_n be_v otherwise_o acquire_v by_o the_o people_n or_o emperor_n of_o rome_n then_o the_o adjoin_a land_n accord_v to_o that_o of_o the_o river_n danubius_n speak_v to_o the_o emperor_n 4._o danubius_n penitis_n caput_fw-la occultatus_fw-la in_o oris_fw-la totus_fw-la sub_fw-la vestrâ_fw-la jam_fw-la ditione_n fluo_fw-la et_fw-la quà_fw-la dives_fw-la aquis_fw-la scythico_n solvo_fw-la ostia_fw-la ponto_n omnia_fw-la sub_fw-la vestrum_fw-la flumina_fw-la mitto_fw-la jugum_n danubius_n i_o who_o fountain_n few_o do_v know_v now_o whole_o under_o your_o dominion_n flow_v and_o when_o full-charged_a run_v to_o the_o euxin_n sea_n i_o make_v all_o river_n to_o you_o tribute_n pay_v we_o know_v that_o a_o island_n new_o spring_v up_o in_o a_o river_n as_o also_o a_o channel_n that_o be_v desert_v be_v even_o by_o ancient_a custom_n insula_fw-la common_a to_o such_o as_o upon_o the_o bank_n of_o any_o river_n do_v possess_v land_n that_o be_v not_o limit_v that_o be_v to_o say_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o land_n or_o possession_n unless_o there_o be_v some_o special_a law_n or_o custom_n to_o the_o contrary_n and_o touch_v the_o division_n of_o such_o a_o island_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o several_a land_n situate_v near_o one_o bank_n or_o both_o bartolus_n in_o tiberiade_n have_v write_v long_o since_o but_o of_o late_a time_n joannes_n buteo_n baptista_n aymus_n antonius_n maria_n joannes_n gryphiander_n and_o other_o therefore_o in_o that_o case_n a_o propriety_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o so_o of_o the_o river_n even_o of_o that_o which_o according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v of_o public_a and_o common_a use_n as_o well_o as_o of_o a_o field_n that_o have_v a_o common_a thoroughfare_a be_v common_a before_o to_o the_o owner_n that_o have_v land_n lie_v on_o both_o side_n by_o the_o same_o reason_n almost_o a_o island_n new_o spring_v up_o in_o any_o sea_n that_o never_o be_v possess_v by_o any_o and_o whatsoêver_o shall_v be_v build_v upon_o it_o become_v his_o that_o first_o enter_v it_o by_o occupation_n for_o the_o channel_n and_o that_o sea_n at_o first_o belong_v to_o all_o man_n in_o general_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o that_o universal_a compact_n or_o agreement_n before_o mention_v whereby_o thing_n not_o yet_o possess_v be_v to_o become_v the_o propriety_n of_o he_o that_o shall_v first_o enjoie_v they_o by_o occupation_n he_o that_o shall_v so_o possess_v they_o by_o occupation_n receive_v the_o island_n and_o building_n as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o surrender_n of_o right_n from_o former_a owner_n see_v therefore_o that_o a_o propriety_n and_o private_a dominion_n of_o rivers_n have_v be_v every_o where_o acknowledge_v why_o shall_v it_o not_o be_v acknowledge_v in_o like_a manner_n that_o there_o may_v be_v owner_n of_o any_o sea_n whatsoëver_o since_o the_o fluid_a nature_n of_o water_n can_v no_o more_o hinder_v a_o dominion_n in_o the_o one_o then_o in_o the_o other_o yea_o the_o river_n themselves_o be_v only_o lesser_a sea_n as_o also_o the_o fen_n and_o lake_n even_o as_o the_o sea_n itself_o as_o to_o its_o fluid_a constitution_n be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o river_n fen_n or_o lake_n differ_v only_o in_o bigness_n from_o the_o rest_n and_o so_o it_o have_v be_v take_v by_o the_o ancient_n in_o the_o very_a story_n of_o the_o creation_n all_o the_o gather_n together_o of_o the_o water_n be_v call_v sea_n which_o have_v be_v observe_v also_o by_o the_o 6._o father_n to_o this_o purpose_n there_o be_v also_o very_o eminent_a example_n in_o holy_a scripture_n touch_v the_o two_o lake_n of_o asphaltites_n and_o tiberias_n both_o which_o be_v equal_o call_v sea_n asphaltites_n be_v by_o pliny_n ptolemy_n josephus_n solinus_n and_o vitruvius_n term_v a_o lake_n but_o by_o moses_n 3._o the_o salt_n sea_n and_o by_o most_o of_o the_o late_a writer_n the_o dead_a sea_n tiberias_n be_v in_o like_a manner_n by_o the_o ancient_n and_o also_o

by_o s_n t_o 1._o luke_n call_v a_o lake_n by_o the_o other_o evangelist_n a_o sea_n as_o also_o in_o the_o syriack_n and_o arabic_a translation_n of_o s_o t_o luke_n and_o 13._o aristotle_n say_v that_o about_o the_o mountain_n caucasus_n there_o be_v a_o lake_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o the_o neighbour_a people_n call_v it_o a_o sea_n he_o speak_v of_o the_o lake_n maeotis_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o that_o abundance_n of_o water_n which_o it_o discharge_v through_o the_o cimmerian_a bosphorus_n into_o the_o euxin_n sea_n be_v by_o the_o ancient_n call_v eustathius_n mother_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o mother_n of_o the_o euxin_n sea_n from_o whence_o also_o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o some_o that_o maeotis_n stand_v in_o the_o same_o relation_n unto_o pontus_n propontis_n and_o the_o aegean_a sea_n as_o the_o ocean_n do_v to_o the_o mediterranean_a oceanúnque_fw-la negant_fw-la solas_fw-la admittere_fw-la gades_n they_o do_v deny_v that_o cadiz_n straight_o alone_a admit_n the_o ocean_n be_v freight_n as_o 3._o lucan_n say_v concern_v it_o but_o 13._o agathia_n tell_v we_o we_o that_o in_o justinian_n day_n it_o be_v call_v the_o little_a sea_n and_o say_v maritinis_fw-la festus_n avienus_n to_o probus_n thou_o do_v question_v i_o if_o thou_o do_v remember_v about_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o maeotick_a sea_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o have_v happen_v that_o even_o at_o this_o day_n it_o be_v call_v mar_n dell_fw-it zabach_n and_o mar_n della_fw-it tana_n so_o seven_o lake_n of_o the_o river_n po_n in_o italy_n be_v usual_o term_v 8._o seven_o sea_n and_o we_o read_v in_o 14._o cassiodorus_n that_o addua_n a_o river_n of_o cisalpin_n gallia_n emptie_n itself_o into_o the_o lake_n call_v lago_n di_fw-it como_n as_o into_o its_o proper_a sea_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o hesychius_n and_o suidas_n a_o lake_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d denote_n the_o ocean_n and_o sea_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o a_o river_n the_o ocean_n itself_o nor_o be_v it_o in_o this_o place_n impossible_a that_o a_o river_n shall_v contend_v with_o the_o sea_n however_o otherwise_o it_o have_v be_v use_v as_o a_o proverb_n of_o such_o as_o strive_v with_o man_n mighty_a than_o themselves_o also_o in_o homer_n e_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o depth_n of_o a_o deep_a lake_n be_v use_v for_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o put_v his_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o very_a fair_a lake_n in_o stead_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o be_v observe_v also_o by_o 16._o olympiodorus_n yea_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n have_v say_v that_o the_o ocean_n itself_o be_v one_o of_o those_o phaedone_n four_o huge_a river_n which_o spring_n out_o of_o such_o a_o hell_n or_o such_o a_o deep_a gulf_n as_o 14._o some_o feign_v to_o be_v find_v towards_o the_o north_n the_o other_o three_o be_v imprison_v in_o secret_a passage_n of_o the_o earth_n moreover_o lucan_n call_v the_o british_a ocean_n 2._o incerti_fw-la stagna_fw-la profundi_fw-la a_o unstable_a deep_a stand_a pool_n and_o in_o barbarous_a latin_a the_o word_n mariscus_n as_o a_o diminutive_a 577._o of_o mare_n the_o sea_n be_v use_v in_o many_o place_n for_o a_o marsh_n or_o lake_n under_o which_o notion_n also_o it_o have_v be_v translate_v into_o some_o other_o language_n be_v vary_v according_a to_o their_o divers_a form_n of_o expression_n other_o observation_n have_v be_v make_v by_o 14._o other_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n so_o then_o both_o in_o substance_n nature_n and_o name_n the_o sea_n river_n and_o other_o body_n of_o water_n so_o far_o as_o concern_v the_o point_n in_o question_n be_v all_o the_o same_o that_o whatsoêver_o may_v be_v say_v of_o these_o may_v be_v apply_v in_o like_a manner_n also_o to_o the_o other_o save_v that_o there_o may_v some_o difference_n be_v allege_v only_o from_o the_o largeness_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o other_o which_o in_o the_o point_n of_o dominion_n as_o it_o relate_n to_o possession_n be_v of_o no_o account_n add_v moreover_o that_o the_o usual_a objection_n touch_v their_o fluid_a nature_n or_o the_o continual_a shift_a of_o water_n in_o the_o channel_n do_v here_o no_o more_o prejudice_v the_o cause_n of_o dominion_n and_o possession_n than_o the_o fluid_a nature_n of_o the_o aër_fw-la do_v the_o dominion_n and_o possession_n of_o that_o space_n which_o confine_n a_o house_n from_o the_o foundation_n upward_o that_o space_n seem_v as_o a_o channel_n to_o the_o whirl_a aër_fw-la whereof_o notwithstanding_o he_o according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v the_o undoubted_a owner_n who_o possess_v the_o ground_n and_o building_n hereupon_o praediorum_fw-la servitude_n have_v be_v impose_v against_o the_o rear_n of_o house_n high_o than_o ordinary_a also_o against_o hinder_v of_o light_n or_o prospect_n and_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n in_o the_o very_a ambient_fw-la aër_fw-la so_o that_o where_o a_o nunciato_fw-la prohibition_n of_o a_o new_a building_n have_v issue_v pomponius_n say_v the_o aër_fw-la ought_v to_o be_v measure_v as_o well_o as_o the_o ground_n and_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o aêr_n 2._o be_v he_o who_o be_v owner_n of_o the_o plot_n of_o ground_n so_o that_o as_o to_o that_o say_n of_o paulus_n that_o a_o tree_n grow_v in_o the_o very_o confine_v betwixt_o two_o land_n be_v socio_fw-la common_a to_o the_o owner_n on_o both_o side_n for_o so_o much_o as_o grow_v in_o the_o ground_n of_o either_o joannes_n buteo_n discourse_v of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o fruit_n of_o such_o a_o tree_n say_v natae_fw-la we_o must_v suppose_v the_o ground_n to_o be_v the_o aër_fw-la itself_o that_o be_v spread_v over_o the_o ground_n which_o he_o measure_v by_o direct_a line_n from_o the_o outmost_a bough_n and_o therefore_o sure_o we_o be_v owner_n of_o the_o ground_n house_n and_o space_n which_o we_o possess_v in_o several_a as_o owner_n that_o every_o one_o for_o his_o best_a advantage_n may_v free_o and_o full_o use_v and_o enjoy_v his_o own_o border_a aër_fw-la which_o be_v the_o element_n of_o mankind_n how_o flit_a so_o ever_o it_o be_v together_o with_o the_o space_n thereof_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n and_o restrain_v other_o thence_o at_o pleasure_n that_o he_o may_v be_v both_o repute_v and_o settle_a owner_n thereof_o in_o particular_a much_o less_o than_o do_v the_o fluid_a nature_n of_o water_n which_o be_v far_o less_o than_o the_o other_o in_o any_o wise_a hinder_v a_o ownership_n or_o dominion_n over_o they_o and_o even_o those_o thing_n which_o natural_o be_v thus_o flit_a do_v notwithstanding_o in_o a_o civil_a sens_fw-fr remain_v ever_o the_o same_o as_o the_o ship_n of_o theseus_n a_o house_n or_o a_o theatre_n which_o have_v be_v so_o often_o mend_v and_o repair_v that_o there_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o one_o part_n or_o plank_n leave_v of_o the_o first_o building_n but_o they_o which_o make_v use_v of_o so_o frivolous_a a_o subtlety_n as_o this_o to_o oppose_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n shall_v be_v turn_v over_o to_o the_o philosopher_n especial_o etc._n heraclitus_n and_o epicharmus_n who_o doctrine_n be_v that_o every_o thing_n be_v so_o change_v alter_v and_o renew_v every_o moment_n that_o nothing_o in_o the_o world_n continue'_v at_o this_o instant_n the_o same_o that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o instant_n immediate_o go_v before_o no_o man_n say_v 58._o seneca_n in_o imitation_n of_o heraclitus_n be_v the_o same_o in_o the_o morning_n that_o he_o be_v the_o day_n before_o our_o body_n be_v hurry_v like_o river_n whatsoëver_o thou_o se_v run_v with_o time_n not_o one_o of_o all_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v visible_a continue'_v ay_o even_o while_o i_o speak_v of_o these_o change_n be_o change_v myself_o it_o be_v serious_o affirm_v also_o by_o heraclitus_n that_o not_o only_o the_o same_o river_n can_v not_o receiv_v a_o man_n twice_o but_o also_o that_o the_o same_o man_n can_v not_o enter_v twice_o into_o the_o same_o stream_n so_o that_o to_o cast_v all_o into_o heraclitus_n his_o river_n become_v a_o usual_a proverb_n to_o express_v a_o continue_a and_o perpetual_a change_n of_o every_o thing_n from_o itself_o but_o let_v such_o as_o dream_v that_o the_o fluid_a inconstant_a nature_n of_o the_o sea_n disprove'_v the_o private_a dominion_n of_o it_o entertain_v the_o same_o opinion_n if_o they_o pleasant_a with_o these_o man_n of_o thing_n that_o fall_v under_o a_o civil_a consideration_n and_o then_o they_o must_v of_o necessity_n grant_v also_o that_o themselves_o be_v not_o owner_n or_o possessor_n either_o of_o land_n house_n clothes_n money_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n whatsoêver_o a_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n touch_v the_o defect_n of_o bound_n and_o limit_n in_o the_o sea_n as_o also_o concern_v its_o magnitude_n and_o inexhaustible_a abundance_n chap._n

officer_n that_o be_v call_v precedent_n or_o 16._o master_n of_o the_o water_n and_o forest_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o public_a water_n which_o be_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o over_o which_o the_o king_n have_v dominion_n do_v belong_v to_o another_o dignity_n not_o at_o all_o to_o the_o admiral_n who_o according_a to_o the_o general_a nature_n of_o his_o office_n be_v not_o appoint_v to_o take_v charge_n of_o any_o province_n there_o much_o less_o of_o the_o river_n as_o in_o england_n the_o principal_a intent_n therefore_o of_o this_o office_n or_o dignity_n be_v only_o to_o command_v the_o fleet_n by_o sea_n for_o which_o cause_n also_o some_o year_n since_o henry_n of_o momorancie_n admiral_n of_o france_n have_v set_v up_o a_o statue_n on_o horse_n back_o at_o chantillie_o in_o honour_n of_o his_o father_n henry_n duke_n of_o momorancie_n 1612._o call_v himself_o in_o latin_a only_a navalis_fw-la militiae_fw-la magistrum_fw-la master_n of_o the_o militia_n by_o sea_n instead_o of_o admiral_n so_o that_o never_o any_o admiral_n constitute_v by_o the_o french_a king_n either_o of_o france_n or_o britain_n or_o aquitain_n have_v any_o authority_n in_o the_o sea_n itself_o whereby_o he_o may_v challenge_v a_o dominion_n to_o himself_o as_o governor_n or_o commander_n in_o chief_a which_o may_v be_v say_v in_o like_a manner_n of_o all_o the_o admiral_n of_o the_o belgic_a and_o the_o neighbour_a shore_n on_o this_o side_n and_o of_o the_o cantabrian_a or_o spanish_a shore_n on_o the_o other_o side_n for_o the_o authority_n of_o they_o all_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v this_o particular_a have_v be_v and_o be_v alike_o we_o know_v indeed_o that_o this_o dignity_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v style_v admiral_n of_o france_n and_o governor_n of_o the_o royal_a navy_n as_o the_o same_o dignity_n among_o the_o english_a be_v usual_o call_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n admiral_n of_o england_n and_o governor_n of_o the_o royal_a navy_n in_o etc._n several_a league_n that_o have_v be_v make_v betwixt_o the_o english_a and_o french_a but_o it_o be_v clear_a by_o what_o have_v be_v show_v that_o they_o bear_v the_o office_n or_o dignity_n call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n upon_o a_o different_a account_n and_o the_o quality_n of_o a_o dignity_n be_v to_o be_v value_v by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o charge_n not_o by_o the_o bare_a name_n or_o title_n and_o let_v so_o much_o serve_v to_o be_v speak_v touch_v the_o defect_n of_o ancient_a testimony_n and_o the_o nature_n or_o quality_n of_o the_o government_n but_o now_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o most_o ample_a and_o entire_a command_n of_o the_o english_a for_o very_a many_o age_n and_o the_o compare_v of_o it_o with_o those_o several_a government_n heretofore_o on_o the_o opposite_a shore_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v almost_o from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o very_a first_o time_n of_o the_o english-saxons_a one_o entire_a empire_n throughout_o england_n and_o so_o on_o the_o whole_a shore_n which_o lie_v over_o against_o germany_n france_n and_o that_o part_n of_o spain_n call_v biscay_n and_o this_o also_o in_o the_o time_n of_o that_o heptarchy_n which_o be_v mention_v by_o writer_n for_o there_o be_v always_o some_o one_o person_n who_o have_v most_o power_n therein_o and_o to_o who_o the_o rest_n yield_v obedience_n as_o we_o be_v tell_v by_o 97._o beda_n and_o touch_v that_o particular_a there_o be_v a_o notable_a testimony_n in_o alcuinus_fw-la where_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o quarrel_n betwixt_o offa_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n that_o be_v indeed_o of_o the_o most_o large_a and_o in_o a_o manner_n the_o most_o midland_n part_v of_o the_o heptarchy_n and_o charles_n surname_v the_o great_a king_n of_o france_n navigation_n be_v so_o 1669_o prohibit_v on_o both_o side_n that_o trade_n be_v whole_o obstruct_v which_o true_o can_v be_v conceive_v unless_o these_o large_a territory_n near_o the_o sea_n have_v be_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o offa_n yea_o the_o inscription_n whereby_o offa_n be_v wont_a to_o set_v forth_o his_o royal_a title_n be_v often_o express_v after_o this_o manner_n etc._n offa_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n and_o also_o of_o the_o nation_n round_o about_o but_o after_o the_o time_n of_o egbert_n or_o the_o 800_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n there_o be_v a_o continue_a catalogue_n plain_a enough_o of_o those_o king_n whether_o english-saxons_a or_o dane_n who_o unless_o you_o fond_o except_o edmund_n the_o anglo_n saxon_n and_o canutus_n the_o dane_n by_o who_o the_o kingdom_n be_v for_o some_o little_a time_n divide_v do_v reign_v without_o any_o other_o sharer_n in_o the_o dominion_n upon_o this_o shore_n no_o wonder_n then_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v entire_a and_o absolute_a lord_n in_o command_n of_o so_o ample_a a_o shore_n for_o so_o many_o age_n do_v also_o take_v special_a care_n to_o retain_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n lie_v before_o it_o as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o island_n especial_o see_v they_o not_o only_o have_v so_o long_o and_o large_a a_o command_n likewise_o on_o the_o shore_n over_o against_o we_o but_o also_o there_o be_v not_o any_o of_o their_o neighbour_n that_o can_v in_o any_o wise_a hinder_v it_o except_o such_o as_o possess_v some_o petty_a country_n border_v on_o the_o sea_n which_o true_o may_v be_v so_o call_v be_v compare_v to_o the_o spacious_a shore_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n and_o those_o also_o that_o be_v under_o distinct_a jurisdiction_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o this_o be_v see_v that_o about_o the_o begin_n of_o our_o great_a grand-father_n day_n there_o be_v only_o a_o very_a small_a shore_n contain_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o french_a kingdom_n and_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o maritime_a province_n by_o the_o addition_n whereof_o that_o kingdom_n as_o we_o have_v already_o show_v be_v afterward_o enlarge_v do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o pretend_v any_o right_n to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n upon_o the_o interest_n of_o those_o province_n and_o see_v no_o testimony_n can_v be_v have_v in_o the_o monument_n of_o ancient_a writer_n concern_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o dominion_n but_o that_o very_o many_o be_v find_v touch_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n they_o have_v continual_o possess_v the_o whole_a english_a shore_n in_o its_o full_a latitude_n under_o one_o entire_a empire_n for_o above_o a_o thousand_o year_n and_o concern_v the_o perpetual_a enjoiment_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o a_o appendant_a of_o the_o kingdom_n therefore_o it_o follow_v we_o that_o their_o right_n be_v very_o manifest_a in_o this_o particular_a and_o so_o that_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v a_o province_n under_o the_o tuition_n or_o protection_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n as_o part_v of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o the_o admiral_n of_o the_o shore_n lie_v over_o against_o we_o be_v not_o in_o reason_n to_o be_v call_v governor_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o such_o a_o sens_fw-fr as_o may_v signify_v any_o dominion_n of_o a_o commander_n in_o chief_a in_o the_o sea_n itself_o out_o of_o the_o port_n or_o other_o in-lets_a of_o that_o kind_n for_o which_o cause_n also_o it_o be_v that_o some_o age_n since_o very_o many_o of_o the_o neighbor-nation_n understand_v well_o enough_o the_o right_n of_o england_n make_v their_o complaint_n in_o express_a term_n against_o reyner_n grimbald_n admiral_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n because_o that_o l'_fw-fr office_n del_fw-it admiralté_fw-fr en_fw-fr la_fw-fr mire_n d'_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr per_fw-la commission_n de_fw-fr roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr france_n tourcenousment_n emprist_n &_o usa_fw-la un_fw-fr a_fw-fr &_o plux_n etc._n etc._n that_o be_v because_o he_o have_v arrogate_a to_o himself_o and_o for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o year_n exercise_v the_o office_n of_o admiralty_n by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n his_o commission_n in_o the_o english_a sea_n the_o old_a record_n from_o whence_o this_o be_v take_v be_v set_v down_o entire_a by_o and_o by_o where_o you_o have_v more_o also_o that_o make_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o so_o much_o may_v serve_v to_o be_v speak_v touch_v the_o guard_n or_o government_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o king_n territory_n or_o province_n and_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n that_o in_o the_o dominion_n of_o those_o island_n lie_v before_o the_o shore_n of_o france_n which_o have_v ever_o be_v enjoy_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o sea_n wherein_o they_o be_v situate_a be_v derive_v from_o their_o predecessor_n chap._n xix_o that_o a_o possession_n and_o dominion_n of_o this_o southern_a sea_n have_v be_v hold_v also_o of_o old_a by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v not_o a_o little_a manifest_a by_o the_o dominion_n of_o

of_o so_o many_o famous_a nation_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a whereto_o we_o shall_v add_v many_o other_o also_o when_o we_o treat_v of_o the_o british_a sea_n in_o the_o next_o book_n nothing_o now_o i_o suppose_v hinder_v why_o we_o may_v not_o determine_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v capable_a of_o dominion_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n not_o only_o by_o the_o law_n natural-permissive_a but_o also_o by_o the_o law_n both_o civil_a and_o common_a of_o divers_a nation_n and_o in_o many_o place_n almost_o according_a to_o the_o intervenient_a law_n which_o in_o case_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v the_o sure_a demonstration_n of_o the_o natural-permissive_a unless_o there_o remain_v any_o impediment_n in_o the_o objection_n which_o be_v next_o to_o be_v handle_v a_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n concern_v freedom_n of_o passage_n to_o merchant_n stranger_n and_o seaman_n chap._n xx._n the_o usual_a objection_n as_o have_v be_v more_o full_o show_v before_o in_o the_o second_o chapter_n be_v derive_v some_o from_o the_o freedom_n of_o commerce_n travel_n and_o passage_n pretend_v to_o be_v common_a to_o all_o some_o also_o from_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o other_o out_o of_o the_o testimony_n of_o writer_n as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o first_o sort_n the_o office_n of_o humanity_n require_v that_o entertainment_n be_v give_v to_o stranger_n and_o that_o inoffensive_a passage_n be_v not_o deny_v they_o so_o 13._o gratian_n out_o of_o 41._o augustin_n say_v it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v how_o the_o war_n of_o the_o israêlites_n become_v just_a against_o the_o amorites_n for_o they_o be_v deny_v a_o inoffensive_a passage_n which_o ought_v in_o all_o equity_n to_o lie_v open_a by_o the_o law_n of_o humane_a society_n and_o 3._o cicero_n say_v it_o be_v a_o inhuman_a thing_n to_o deny_v stranger_n the_o use_n of_o a_o city_n very_o many_o other_o passage_n there_o be_v of_o that_o sort_n which_o seem_v to_o strengthen_v the_o objection_n to_o wit_n as_o it_o relate_n unto_o the_o office_n of_o humanity_n not_o disturb_v by_o war_n fear_v jealousy_n enmity_n or_o any_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n but_o what_o be_v this_o to_o the_o dominion_n of_o that_o thing_n through_o which_o both_o merchant_n and_o stranger_n be_v to_o pass_v such_o a_o freedom_n of_o passage_n will_v no_o more_o derogate_v from_o it_o if_o so_o be_v it_o be_v without_o question_n free_a and_o open_a to_o all_o upon_o that_o account_n than_o the_o allow_v of_o a_o open_a way_n for_o the_o drive_v of_o cattle_n or_o cart_n or_o pass_v through_o upon_o a_o journey_n or_o any_o other_o service_n of_o that_o nature_n through_o another_o man_n field_n can_v prejudice_v the_o ownership_n thereof_o suppose_v it_o be_v grant_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n the_o spaniard_n have_v a_o free_a passage_n over_o the_o pyrenean_n mountain_n into_o france_n the_o french_a over_o the_o alps_o into_o italy_n the_o italian_n into_o germany_n what_o do_v this_o concern_v a_o dominion_n of_o the_o pyreny_v or_o the_o alps_o and_o for_o any_o man_n to_o allege_v here_o what_o be_v common_o talk_v of_o the_o light_n of_o one_o candle_n by_o another_o of_o the_o not_o deny_v a_o common_a use_n of_o water_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n it_o be_v plain_o to_o give_v over_o the_o disquisition_n of_o law_n and_o right_n to_o insist_v upon_o that_o of_o charity_n at_o the_o request_n indeed_o of_o asclepiades_n bishop_n of_o the_o city_n of_o chersonesus_n under_o the_o emperor_n 25._o arcadius_n and_o honorius_n certain_a person_n who_o have_v teach_v the_o barbarous_a people_n the_o art_n of_o build_v ship_n whereof_o they_o be_v ignorant_a before_o be_v for_o charity_n be_v sake_n free_v from_o the_o pain_n of_o prison_n and_o punishment_n and_o though_o the_o art_n of_o those_o that_o teach_v they_o be_v no_o whit_n the_o less_o because_o of_o that_o skill_n which_o the_o barbarian_n have_v gain_v yet_o by_o the_o law_n it_o be_v death_n to_o communicate_v that_o art_n unto_o they_o and_o at_o this_o day_n there_o be_v other_o instance_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n so_o that_o it_o in_o no_o wise_a diminish_v from_o any_o man_n right_a or_o power_n to_o permit_v another_o to_o participate_v of_o what_o be_v his_o when_o he_o himself_o lose_v nothing_o thereof_o and_o that_o we_o may_v determine_v this_o point_n in_o brief_a it_o be_v most_o evident_a from_o the_o custom_n of_o all_o time_n that_o free_a passage_n as_o they_o call_v it_o be_v wont_v ever_o to_o be_v so_o limit_v by_o prince_n in_o their_o territory_n that_o it_o be_v permit_v or_o prohibit_v according_a to_o the_o various_a concernment_n of_o the_o public_a good_a and_o not_o otherwise_o albericus_fw-la gentilis_fw-la upon_o that_o passage_n concern_v the_o amorites_n say_v 19_o i_o be_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n with_o augustine_n in_o case_n there_o be_v no_o fear_n of_o hurt_n and_o a_o assurance_n that_o no_o hurt_n may_v be_v do_v prince_n be_v concern_v to_o be_v wary_a and_o careful_a that_o they_o admit_v no_o such_o stranger_n or_o commerce_n where_o pro_fw-la re_fw-la natâ_fw-la the_o common-weal_n may_v receiv_v any_o damage_n thereby_o upon_o which_o ground_n also_o it_o be_v often_o provide_v in_o league_n etc._n that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a for_o either_o party_n to_o sail_v unto_o each_o other_o port_n coast_n or_o harbour_n and_o this_o when_o neither_o of_o they_o have_v any_o right_n to_o the_o way_n by_o which_o they_o pass_v with_o such_o a_o number_n of_o ship_n or_o man_n of_o war_n as_o may_v give_v a_o just_a occasion_n of_o any_o fear_n or_o jealousy_n that_o force_n be_v intend_v except_o leave_v be_v first_o have_v of_o that_o party_n under_o who_o jurisdiction_n those_o place_n be_v or_o unless_o they_o be_v drive_v thither_o by_o tempest_n or_o some_o other_o necessity_n to_o avoid_v a_o great_a force_n or_o the_o danger_n of_o shipwreck_n according_a to_o the_o fear_n or_o suspicion_n of_o the_o lord_n in_o possession_n and_o at_o his_o discretion_n all_o merchant_n stranger_n and_o foreigner_n whatsoëver_o may_v be_v prohibit_v unless_o some_o other_o special_a right_n or_o custom_n do_v intervene_v and_o 6._o aristotle_n say_v plain_o provision_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v by_o law_n with_o who_o subject_n may_v or_o may_v not_o convers_a moluccas_n bodin_n also_o say_v well_o that_o the_o law_n of_o commerce_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o particular_a compact_n and_o agreement_n of_o people_n and_o prince_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o add'_v it_o be_v lawful_a to_o forbid_v a_o foreigner_n from_o enter_v the_o border_n and_o also_o to_o force_v he_o out_o if_o he_o have_v enter_v the_o border_n not_o only_o if_o a_o war_n be_v on_o foot_n but_o also_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n that_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n may_v not_o be_v corrupt_v by_o conver_n with_o stranger_n but_o that_o war_n have_v be_v lawful_o undertake_v for_o a_o denial_n of_o commerce_n unless_o the_o denial_n be_v give_v contrary_a to_o some_o ancient_a league_n or_o unless_o that_o freedom_n depend_v upon_o some_o special_a title_n to_o commerce_n we_o do_v as_o easy_o deny_v as_o any_o other_o man_n can_v affirm_v and_o though_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o indis_fw-fr franciscus_n victoria_n who_o also_o be_v follow_v chief_o by_o 55._o joannes_n solorzanus_n i._n v._o d._n it_o be_v affirm_v that_o the_o spaniard_n have_v a_o lawful_a right_o to_o subdue_v the_o indian_n because_o they_o deny_v commerce_n and_o entertainment_n yet_o they_o be_v in_o plain_a term_n oppose_v by_o 105._o ludovicus_n molina_n who_o will_v have_v no_o nation_n or_o common_a weal_n bind_v either_o with_o or_o without_o danger_n to_o itself_o to_o admit_v commerce_n or_o foreigner_n but_o in_o case_n of_o great_a and_o imminent_a necessity_n or_o unless_o any_o league_n agreement_n or_o some_o other_o special_a privilege_n do_v intervene_v but_o there_o be_v other_o pretence_n not_o a_o few_o which_o the_o spaniard_n allege_v for_o the_o con._n quest_n of_o the_o indies_n for_o they_o pretend_v also_o a_o right_n of_o discovery_n primarie_a occupation_n conversion_n to_o the_o faith_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n beside_o the_o donation_n of_o the_o pope_n of_o all_o which_o solorzanus_n treat'_v at_o large_a and_o it_o be_v strange_a how_o the_o spaniard_n shall_v have_v a_o right_a to_o acquire_v the_o indies_n upon_o a_o denial_n of_o commerce_n since_o it_o be_v subnexum_fw-la very_o well_o know_v that_o both_o they_o and_o the_o portugal_n do_v open_o profess_v that_o they_o may_v lawful_o prohibit_v commerce_n in_o both_o the_o indies_n nor_o do_v it_o prejudice_v the_o point_n at_o all_o that_o according_a to_o the_o imperial_a law_n no_o prince_n nor_o any_o other_o hold_v royalty_n by_o his_o grant_n can_v etc._n