etc._n etc._n unto_o which_o every_o man_n must_v answer_v but_o no_o man_n can_v be_v bring_v to_o answer_v for_o public_a crime_n at_o the_o king_n suit_n otherwise_o than_o by_o indictment_n of_o a_o grand_a jury_n the_o whole_a course_n of_o do_v justice_n upon_o crimina_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o process_n unto_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o sentence_n be_v and_o ever_o be_v esteem_v to_o be_v the_o kingdom_n concernment_n as_o be_v evidence_v by_o the_o frequent_a complaint_n make_v in_o parliament_n that_o capital_a offender_n be_v pardon_v to_o the_o people_n damage_n and_o wrong_v in_o the_o 13_o rich._n 2._o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o king_n hear_v the_o grievous_a complaint_n of_o his_o commons_o in_o parliament_n of_o the_o outrageous_a mischief_n which_o happen_v unto_o the_o realm_n for_o that_o treason_n murder_n and_o rape_n of_o woman_n be_v common_o do_v and_o commit_v and_o the_o more_o because_o charter_n of_o pardon_n have_v be_v easy_o grant_v in_o such_o case_n and_o thereupon_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o no_o pardon_n for_o such_o crime_n shall_v be_v grant_v unless_o the_o same_o be_v particular_o specify_v therein_o and_o that_o if_o a_o pardon_n be_v otherwise_o grant_v for_o the_o death_n of_o a_o man_n the_o judge_n shall_v notwithstanding_o inquire_v by_o a_o grand_a jury_n of_o the_o neighbourhood_n concern_v the_o death_n of_o every_o such_o person_n and_o if_o he_o be_v find_v to_o have_v be_v wilful_o murder_v such_o charter_n of_o pardon_n to_o be_v disallow_v and_o provision_n be_v make_v by_o impose_v grievous_a fine_n upon_o every_o person_n according_a to_o his_o degree_n and_o quality_n or_o imprisonment_n who_o shall_v presume_v to_o sue_v to_o the_o king_n for_o any_o pardon_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a crime_n and_o that_o such_o person_n may_v be_v know_v to_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n their_o name_n be_v to_o be_v upon_o several_a record_n the_o like_a have_v be_v do_v in_o many_o statute_n make_v by_o several_a parliament_n as_o in_o the_o 6_o ed._n 1.9_o the_o 2_o ed._n 3.2_o the_o 10_o ed._n 3.2_o and_o the_o 14_o ed._n 3.15_o wherein_o it_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o the_o king_n in_o parliament_n that_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o crown_n have_v not_o be_v keep_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o grant_v of_o pardon_n contrary_a to_o the_o aforesaid_a statute_n and_o enact_v that_o any_o such_o charter_n of_o pardon_n from_o thenceforth_o grant_v against_o the_o oath_n of_o his_o crown_n and_o the_o say_a statute_n the_o same_o shall_v be_v hold_v for_o none_o in_o the_o 27_o edw._n 3.2_o it_o be_v further_a provide_v for_o prevent_v the_o people_n damage_n by_o such_o pardon_n that_o from_o thenceforth_o in_o every_o charter_n of_o pardon_n of_o felony_n which_o shall_v be_v grant_v at_o any_o man_n suggestion_n the_o say_a suggestion_n and_o the_o name_n of_o he_o that_o make_v the_o suggestion_n shall_v be_v comprise_v in_o the_o same_o charter_n and_o if_o after_o the_o same_o suggestion_n be_v find_v untrue_a the_o charter_n shall_v be_v disallow_v and_o hold_v for_o none_o and_o the_o justice_n before_o who_o such_o charter_n shall_v be_v allege_v shall_v inquire_v of_o the_o same_o suggestion_n and_o that_o as_o well_o of_o charter_n grant_v before_o this_o time_n as_o of_o charter_n which_o shall_v be_v grant_v in_o time_n to_o come_v and_o if_o they_o find_v they_o untrue_a than_o they_o shall_v disallow_v the_o charter_n so_o allege_v and_o shall_v moreover_o do_v as_o the_o law_n demand_v thus_o have_v parliament_n from_o time_n to_o time_n declare_v that_o the_o offence_n against_o â—he_n crown_n be_v against_o the_o public_a welfare_n and_o that_o king_n be_v oblige_v by_o â—heir_a oath_n and_o office_n to_o cause_n justice_n to_o â—e_v do_v upon_o traitor_n and_o felon_n â—or_a the_o kingdom_n sake_n according_a to_o â—he_n ancient_a common_a law_n declare_v by_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la in_o these_o â—ords_n nulli_fw-la negabimus_fw-la 3.29_o 9_o hen._n 3.29_o nulli_fw-la vendemus_fw-la nulli_fw-la difâ—remus_fw-la justitiam_fw-la we_o will_v sell_v to_o no_o â—an_v we_o will_v not_o deny_v or_o defer_v to_o any_o â—an_v either_o justice_n or_o right_n and_o as_o the_o public_a be_v concern_v that_o the_o due_a and_o legal_a method_n be_v observe_v in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o offender_n so_o likewise_o do_v the_o security_n of_o every_o single_a man_n in_o the_o nation_n depend_v upon_o it_o no_o man_n can_v assure_v himself_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v accuse_v of_o the_o high_a crime_n let_v a_o man_n innocence_n and_o prudence_n be_v what_o it_o will_v yet_o his_o most_o inoffensive_a word_n and_o action_n be_v liable_a to_o be_v misconstrue_v and_o he_o may_v by_o subornation_n and_o conspiracy_n have_v thing_n lay_v to_o his_o charge_n of_o which_o he_o be_v no_o way_n guilty_a who_o can_v speak_v or_o carry_v himself_o with_o that_o circumspection_n as_o not_o to_o have_v his_o harmless_a word_n or_o action_n wrest_v to_o another_o sense_n than_o he_o intend_v who_o can_v be_v secure_a from_o have_v a_o paper_n pur_fw-mi into_o his_o pocket_n or_o lay_v in_o his_o house_n of_o which_o he_o shall_v know_v nothing_o till_o his_o accusation_n history_n afford_v many_o example_n of_o the_o detestable_a practice_n in_o this_o kind_n of_o wicked_a court_n parasite_n among_o which_o one_o may_v suffice_v for_o instance_n out_o of_o polybius_n a_o approve_a author_n 5._o polib_n lib._n 5._o hermes_n a_o powerful_a favourite_n under_o antiochus_n the_o young_a but_o a_o man_n note_v to_o be_v a_o favourer_n of_o liar_n be_v make_v use_n of_o against_o the_o innocent_a and_o brave_a epigenes_n he_o have_v long_o watch_v to_o kill_v he_o for_o that_o he_o find_v he_o a_o man_n of_o great_a eloquence_n and_o valour_n have_v also_o favour_n and_o authority_n with_o the_o king_n he_o have_v unjust_o but_o unsuccessful_o accuse_v he_o of_o treason_n by_o false_a gloss_n put_v upon_o his_o faithful_a advice_n give_v to_o the_o king_n in_o open_a council_n â—his_v not_o prevail_v he_o by_o artifice_n get_v he_o put_v out_o of_o his_o command_n and_o to_o retire_v from_o court_n which_o do_v he_o lay_v 〈◊〉_d plot_n against_o he_o with_o the_o help_n and_o counsel_n of_o one_o of_o his_o complice_n alexâ—s_n and_o write_v letter_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v send_v from_o molon_n who_o be_v then_o in_o open_a rebellion_n against_o his_o prince_n â—or_a fear_n among_o other_o reason_n of_o the_o cruelty_n and_o treachery_n of_o hermes_n and_o corrupt_a one_o of_o alexis_n servant_n with_o â—reat_a promise_n who_o go_v to_o epigenes_n â—o_o thrust_v the_o letter_n secret_o among_o â—is_n other_o write_n which_o when_o he_o have_v â—one_n alexis_n come_v sudden_o to_o epigenes_n â—emanding_v of_o he_o if_o he_o have_v receive_v any_o letter_n from_o molon_n and_o when_o he_o say_v he_o have_v none_o the_o other_o say_v he_o be_v confident_a he_o shall_v find_v some_o wherefore_o enter_v the_o house_n to_o 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man_n case_n this_o day_n may_v be_v another_o man_n be_v to_o morrow_n it_o be_v undoubted_o every_o man_n concern_n to_o see_v as_o far_o as_o in_o he_o lie_v in_o every_o case_n that_o the_o accuse_a person_n may_v have_v the_o benefit_n of_o all_o such_o provision_n as_o the_o law_n have_v make_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o innocence_n and_o reputation_n now_o to_o this_o end_n there_o be_v nothing_o so_o necessary_a as_o the_o secret_a and_o separate_a examination_n of_o witness_n for_o though_o perhaps_o as_o have_v be_v already_o observe_v it_o may_v be_v no_o very_o difficult_a thing_n for_o several_a person_n who_o be_v permit_v to_o discourse_n with_o each_o other_o free_o and_o to_o hear_v or_o be_v tell_v what_o each_o of_o their_o fellow_n have_v be_v ask_v and_o answer_v to_o agree_v in_o one_o story_n especial_o if_o the_o jury_n may_v not_o ask_v what_o
be_v bind_v to_o inquire_v they_o ought_v firâ—â—_n and_o principal_o to_o inquire_v of_o one_o another_o mutual_o what_o knowledge_n each_o of_o theâ—_n have_v of_o any_o matter_n in_o question_n before_o they_o the_o law_n presume_v that_o some_o at_o leaâ—â—_n of_o so_o many_o sufficient_a man_n of_o a_o county_n must_v know_v or_o have_v hear_v of_o all_o notable_a thing_n do_v there_o against_o the_o public_a peace_n for_o that_o end_n the_o jury_n be_v by_o the_o law_n to_o be_v of_o the_o neighbourhood_n to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v if_o the_o party_n and_o the_o fact_n whereof_o they_o be_v accuse_v be_v know_v to_o the_o jury_n or_o any_o of_o they_o their_o own_o knowledge_n will_v supply_v the_o room_n of_o many_o witness_n next_o they_o ought_v to_o inquire_v of_o all_o such_o witness_n as_o the_o prosecutor_n will_v produce_v against_o the_o accuse_v they_o be_v bind_v to_o examine_v all_o full_o and_o prudent_o to_o the_o best_a of_o their_o skill_n every_o jury_n man_n ought_v to_o ask_v such_o question_n by_o the_o foreman_n at_o least_o as_o he_o think_v necessary_a to_o resolve_v any_o doubt_n that_o may_v arise_v in_o he_o either_o about_o the_o fact_n or_o the_o witness_n or_o otherwise_o if_o the_o jury_n be_v then_o doubtful_a they_o ought_v to_o receive_v all_o such_o further_a testimony_n as_o shall_v be_v offer_v they_o and_o to_o send_v for_o such_o as_o any_o of_o they_o do_v think_v able_a to_o give_v testimony_n in_o the_o case_n depend_v if_o it_o be_v ask_v how_o or_o in_o what_o manner_n the_o juries_n shall_v inquire_v the_o answer_n be_v ready_a according_a to_o the_o best_a of_o their_o understanding_n they_o only_o not_o the_o judge_n be_v swear_v to_o search_v diligent_o to_o find_v out_o all_o treason_n etc._n etc._n within_o their_o charge_n and_o they_o must_v and_o aught_o to_o use_v their_o own_o discretion_n in_o the_o way_n and_o manner_n of_o their_o enquiry_n no_o direction_n can_v legal_o be_v impose_v upon_o they_o by_o any_o court_n or_o judge_n a_o honest_a jury_n wilâ—_n thankful_o accept_v good_a advice_n from_o judge_n as_o they_o be_v assistant_n but_o they_o be_v bind_v by_o their_o oath_n to_o present_v the_o truth_n the_o whole_a truth_n and_o nothing_o but_o the_o truth_n to_o the_o best_a of_o their_o own_v not_o the_o judge_n knowledge_n neither_o caâ—_n they_o without_o breach_n of_o that_o oath_n resign_v their_o conscience_n or_o blind_o submit_v to_o the_o dictate_v of_o other_o and_o therefore_o aught_o to_o receive_v or_o reject_v such_o advice_n as_o they_o judge_v they_o good_a or_o bad_a if_o the_o jury_n suspect_v a_o combination_n oâ—_n witness_n against_o any_o man_n life_n which_o perhaps_o the_o judge_n do_v not_o discern_v and_o think_v it_o needful_a to_o examine_v they_o private_o and_z separately_z the_o discretion_n of_o the_o jury_n in_o such_o a_o case_n be_v their_o only_a best_a and_o lawful_a guide_n though_o the_o example_n of_o all_o age_n and_o country_n in_o examine_v suspect_v witness_n private_o and_o separately_z may_v be_v a_o good_a direction_n to_o they_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o plain_a and_o express_v than_o the_o word_n of_o the_o oath_n be_v to_o this_o purpose_n the_o juror_n need_v not_o search_v the_o law_n book_n nor_o tumble_v over_o heap_n of_o old_a record_n for_o the_o explanation_n of_o they_o our_o great_a lawyer_n may_v from_o hence_o learn_v more_o certain_o our_o ancient_a law_n in_o this_o case_n than_o from_o all_o the_o book_n in_o their_o stueid_n the_o language_n wherein_o the_o oath_n be_v pen_v be_v know_v and_o understand_v by_o every_o man_n and_o the_o word_n in_o it_o have_v the_o same_o signification_n as_o they_o have_v wheresoever_o else_o they_o be_v use_v the_o judge_n without_o assume_v to_o themselves_o a_o legislative_a power_n can_v put_v a_o new_a sense_n upon_o they_o other_o than_o according_a to_o their_o genuine_a common_a meaning_n they_o can_v magisterial_o impose_v their_o opinion_n upon_o the_o jury_n and_o make_v they_o forsake_v the_o direct_a word_n of_o their_o oath_n to_o pursue_v their_o gloss_n the_o grand_a inquest_n be_v bind_v to_o observe_v alike_o strict_o every_o part_n of_o their_o oath_n and_o to_o use_v all_o just_a and_o proper_a way_n which_o may_v enable_v they_o full_o to_o perform_v it_o otherwise_o it_o be_v to_o say_v that_o after_o man_n have_v swear_v to_o inquire_v diligent_o after_o the_o truth_n according_a to_o the_o best_a of_o their_o knowledge_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o forsake_v all_o the_o natural_a and_o proper_a mean_n which_o their_o understanding_n suggest_v for_o the_o discovery_n of_o it_o if_o it_o be_v command_v by_o the_o judge_n and_o therefore_o if_o they_o be_v jealous_a of_o a_o combination_n of_o the_o witness_n or_o that_o corruption_n and_o subornation_n have_v be_v make_v use_n of_o they_o can_v be_v restrain_v from_o ask_v all_o such_o question_n as_o may_v conduce_v to_o the_o sift_v out_o of_o the_o truth_n nor_o from_o examine_v the_o witness_n private_o and_o separately_z 26._o fort._n d._n land_n leg._n ang._n cap._n 26._o lest_o as_o fortescue_n say_v the_o say_n of_o one_o shall_v provoke_v or_o instruct_v other_o to_o say_v the_o like_a nor_o be_v the_o jury_n tie_v up_o to_o inquire_v only_o of_o such_o crime_n as_o the_o judge_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o give_v they_o direct_o in_o charge_n much_o less_o of_o such_o bill_n only_o as_o shall_v be_v offer_v to_o they_o but_o their_o enquiry_n ought_v to_o extend_v to_o all_o other_o matter_n and_o thing_n which_o shall_v come_v to_o their_o knowledge_n touch_v the_o present_a service_n if_o they_o have_v ground_n to_o suspect_v that_o any_o accusation_n before_o they_o proceed_v from_o a_o conspiracy_n they_o be_v oblige_v by_o their_o oath_n to_o turn_v the_o enquiry_n that_o way_n and_o if_o they_o find_v cause_n not_o only_o to_o reject_v the_o bill_n offer_v upon_o such_o testimony_n but_o to_o indict_v such_o witness_n and_o all_o the_o abettor_n of_o their_o villainy_n they_o be_v careful_o to_o examine_v what_o sort_n of_o man_n the_o witness_n be_v for_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o all_o law_n that_o turpes_fw-la à _fw-la tribunalibus_fw-la arcentur_fw-la vile_a person_n ought_v to_o be_v reject_v by_o court_n of_o justice_n such_o witness_n will_v destroy_v justice_n instead_o of_o promote_a it_o and_o the_o grand_a jury_n be_v to_o take_v care_n of_o admit_v such_o they_o may_v and_o ought_v if_o they_o have_v no_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o they_o to_o ask_v the_o witness_n themselves_o of_o their_o condition_n and_o way_n of_o live_v and_o all_o other_o question_n which_o may_v best_o inform_v they_o what_o sort_n of_o man_n they_o be_v it_o be_v true_a it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o witness_n in_o many_o case_n to_o refuse_v to_o give_v answer_n to_o some_o demand_n which_o the_o jury_n may_v make_v as_o where_o it_o will_v be_v to_o accuse_v themselves_o of_o crime_n but_o yet_o that_o very_a refusal_n or_o avoid_v to_o give_v direct_a answer_n may_v be_v of_o great_a use_n to_o the_o jury_n who_o only_a business_n be_v to_o find_v out_o the_o truth_n and_o who_o will_v be_v in_o a_o good_a measure_n enable_v to_o judge_v of_o the_o credit_n of_o such_o witness_n as_o dare_v not_o clear_v themselves_o of_o crime_n which_o common_a fame_n or_o the_o knowledge_n of_o some_o of_o the_o grand_a inquest_n have_v charge_v they_o with_o if_o the_o witness_n which_o come_v before_o the_o grand_a jury_n upon_o a_o indictment_n for_o treason_n shall_v discover_v upon_o their_o examination_n that_o they_o conceal_v it_o a_o long_a tiâ—e_n without_o just_a impediment_n the_o presumption_n of_o law_n will_v be_v strong_a against_o they_o that_o no_o sense_n of_o honesty_n 〈◊〉_d of_o their_o duty_n bring_v they_o at_o last_o to_o reveal_v it_o it_o appear_v by_o bracton_n that_o ancient_a writer_n of_o our_o law_n aâ—diendus_fw-la brac._n l._n 3._o c._n 3._o 〈◊〉_d morari_fw-la dâ—bet_fw-la etc._n etc._n nâ—â—_n dâ—bet_fw-la ad_fw-la aliqua_fw-la negâ—â—ia_fw-la quaâ—â—is_fw-la urgentissima_fw-la so_o convertere_fw-la quiâ—_n vix_fw-la permittitur_fw-la ei_fw-la quòd_fw-la retro_fw-la aspiciat_fw-la etc._n etc._n si_fw-mi post_fw-la intervallum_fw-la accusare_fw-la velit_fw-la non_fw-la erit_fw-la de_fw-fr jure_fw-la aâ—diendus_fw-la that_o in_o case_n of_o treason_n the_o juries_n be_v in_o his_o day_n advise_v as_o now_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v so_o severe_a in_o their_o enquiry_n within_o what_o time_n the_o witness_n discover_v the_o treason_n after_o it_o come_v to_o their_o knowledge_n that_o if_o it_o be_v not_o evident_a that_o they_o reveal_v it_o with_o as_o much_o expedition_n as_o be_v well_o possible_a for_o they_o they_o be_v not_o by_o law_n no_o be_v hear_v as_o witness_n it_o be_v scarce_o permit_v they_o say_v he_o to_o look_v back_o in_o
that_o grand_a jury_n have_v both_o a_o large_a field_n for_o their_o inquiry_n and_o be_v in_o many_o respect_v better_a capacitate_v to_o make_v a_o strict_a one_o than_o the_o petit_fw-fr juries_n these_o last_o be_v confine_v as_o to_o the_o person_n and_o the_o crime_n specify_v in_o the_o indictment_n but_o they_o be_v at_o large_a oblige_v to_o search_v into_o the_o whole_a matter_n that_o any_o way_n concern_v every_o case_n before_o they_o and_o all_o the_o offence_n contain_v in_o it_o all_o the_o criminal_a circumstance_n whatsoever_o and_o into_o every_o thing_n howsoever_o concern_v the_o same_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o inquire_v whether_o their_o information_n of_o suspect_v treason_n or_o felony_n bring_v by_o accuser_n be_v make_v by_o conspiracy_n or_o subornation_n who_o be_v the_o conspirator_n or_o false_a witness_n by_o who_o abet_v or_o maintain_v against_o who_o and_o how_o many_o the_o conspiracy_n be_v lay_v when_o and_o how_o and_o in_o what_o course_n it_o be_v to_o have_v be_v prosecute_v but_o none_o of_o these_o most_o intricate_a matter_n which_o need_v the_o most_o strict_a and_o diligent_a inquiry_n can_v come_v under_o the_o cognisance_n of_o the_o petit_fw-fr jury_n they_o can_v only_o examine_v so_o much_o as_o relate_v to_o the_o credit_n of_o those_o witness_n bring_v to_o prove_v the_o charge_n against_o the_o party_n indict_v wherein_o also_o they_o have_v neither_o power_n nor_o convenient_a time_n to_o send_v for_o person_n or_o paper_n if_o they_o think_v they_o needful_a nor_o to_o resolve_v any_o doubt_n of_o the_o lawfulness_n and_o credibility_n of_o the_o testimony_n yet_o further_o if_o the_o crime_n object_v be_v manifest_a it_o be_v then_o the_o grand_a jury_n duty_n to_o inquire_v after_o all_o the_o person_n any_o way_n concern_v in_o they_o and_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o offence_n whereof_o every_o one_o ought_v joint_o or_o separately_z to_o be_v indict_v as_o they_o shall_v discover_v they_o to_o have_v be_v principal_n or_o accessory_n party_n or_o privy_a thereunto_o or_o to_o have_v comfort_v or_o know_o relieve_v either_o the_o traitor_n or_o felon_n or_o conceal_v the_o offence_n of_o other_o but_o the_o inquisition_n into_o all_o these_o matter_n which_o require_v all_o possible_a strictness_n in_o search_v as_o be_v of_o the_o high_a importance_n unto_o the_o public_a justice_n and_o safety_n be_v whole_o out_o of_o the_o power_n &_o trust_n of_o the_o petit_fw-fr juries_n the_o guilt_n or_o innocence_n of_o the_o party_n put_v upon_o their_o trial_n &_o the_o evidence_n thereof_o give_v be_v the_o only_a object_n of_o their_o inquiry_n it_o be_v not_o their_o work_n nor_o within_o their_o trust_n to_o search_v into_o all_o the_o guilt_n or_o crime_n of_o the_o party_n who_o they_o try_v they_o be_v bind_v to_o move_v within_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o indictment_n make_v by_o the_o grand_a jury_n who_o be_v to_o appoint_v and_o specify_v the_o offence_n for_o which_o the_o accuse_v shall_v be_v try_v by_o the_o petit_fw-fr jury_n when_o a_o prosecutor_n suggest_v that_o any_o man_n be_v criminal_a and_o aught_o to_o be_v indict_v it_o belong_v to_o the_o grand_a jury_n to_o hear_v all_o the_o proof_n he_o can_v offer_v &_o to_o use_v all_o other_o mean_v they_o can_v whereby_o they_o may_v come_v to_o understand_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o suggestion_n &_o every_o thing_n or_o circumstance_n that_o may_v concern_v it_o then_o they_o be_v careful_o to_o examine_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o fact_n according_a unto_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o com._n law_n or_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o statute_n whereby_o offence_n be_v distinguish_v and_o punishment_n allot_v unto_o each_o of_o they_o it_o be_v true_a that_o upon_o heat_n the_o party_n or_o his_o witness_n the_o petit_fw-fr jury_n may_v acquit_v or_o judge_v the_o fact_n in_o the_o indictment_n to_o be_v less_o heinous_a or_o malicious_a than_o they_o be_v present_v by_o the_o grand_a jury_n but_o can_v aggravate_v they_o which_o be_v consider_v it_o will_v easy_o appear_v by_o the_o intent_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o power_n give_v unto_o grand_a jury_n that_o they_o be_v by_o their_o oath_n oblige_v and_o their_o institution_n ordain_v to_o keep_v all_o injustice_n from_o enter_v the_o first_o gate_n of_o our_o court_n of_o judicature_n and_o to_o secure_v the_o innocent_a not_o only_o from_o punishment_n but_o from_o all_o disgrace_n vexation_n expense_n or_o danger_n to_o understand_v our_o law_n clear_o herein_o the_o juror_n must_v first_o know_v the_o lawful_a ground_n whereupon_o they_o may_v and_o aught_o to_o indict_v and_o then_o what_o true_o and_o just_o aught_o to_o be_v take_v for_o the_o ground_n of_o a_o indictment_n the_o principal_a and_o most_o certain_a be_v the_o juror_n personal_a knowledge_n by_o their_o own_o eye_n or_o ear_n of_o the_o crime_n whereof_o they_o indict_v or_o so_o many_o pregnant_a concur_v circumstance_n as_o full_o convince_v they_o of_o the_o guilt_n of_o the_o accuse_v when_o these_o be_v want_v the_o deposition_n of_o witness_n and_o their_o authority_n be_v their_o best_a guide_n in_o find_v indictment_n when_o such_o testimony_n make_v the_o charge_n manifest_a and_o clear_a to_o the_o jury_n they_o be_v call_v evidence_n because_o they_o make_v the_o guilt_n of_o the_o criminal_a evident_a and_o be_v like_o the_o light_n that_o discover_v what_o be_v not_o see_v before_o all_o witness_n for_o that_o reason_n be_v usual_o call_v the_o evidence_n take_v their_o name_n from_o what_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v yet_o witness_n may_v swear_v direct_o and_o positive_o to_o a_o accusation_n and_o be_v no_o evidence_n of_o its_o truth_n to_o the_o jury_n sometime_o such_o remark_n may_v be_v make_v upon_o the_o witness_n as_o well_o in_o relation_n to_o their_o reputation_n and_o life_n as_o to_o the_o matter_n manner_n and_o circumstance_n of_o their_o deposition_n that_o from_o thence_o the_o falsehood_n may_v appear_v or_o be_v strong_o suspect_v it_o be_v therefore_o necessary_a to_o know_v what_o they_o mean_v by_o a_o probable_a cause_n or_o evidence_n who_o say_v that_o our_o law_n require_v no_o more_o for_o a_o indictment_n probable_a be_v a_o logical_a term_n relate_v to_o such_o proposition_n as_o have_v a_o appearance_n but_o no_o certainty_n of_o truth_n show_v rather_o what_o be_v not_o than_o what_o be_v the_o matter_n of_o syllogism_n these_o may_v be_v allow_v in_o rhetoric_n which_o work_v upon_o passion_n and_o make_v use_v of_o such_o colors_z as_o be_v fit_a to_o move_v they_o whether_o true_a or_o false_a but_o not_o in_o logic_n who_o object_n be_v truth_n as_o it_o principal_o intend_v to_o obviate_v the_o error_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o the_o credit_n give_v unto_o appearance_n by_o distinguish_v the_o uncertain_a from_o the_o certain_a verisimile_fw-la à _fw-la vero_fw-la it_o can_v admit_v of_o such_o proposition_n as_o may_v be_v false_a as_o well_o as_o true_a it_o be_v as_o impossible_a to_o draw_v a_o certain_a conclusion_n from_o uncertain_a premise_n as_o to_o raise_v a_o solid_a building_n upon_o a_o totter_a or_o sink_v foundation_n this_o ought_v principal_o to_o be_v consider_v in_o court_n of_o justice_n which_o be_v not_o erect_v to_o bring_v man_n into_o condemnation_n but_o to_o find_v who_o deserve_v to_o be_v condemn_v and_o those_o rule_n be_v to_o be_v follow_v by_o they_o which_o be_v least_o liable_a to_o deception_n for_o this_o reason_n the_o council_n of_o the_o areopagite_n and_o some_o other_o of_o the_o best_a judicature_n that_o have_v be_v in_o the_o world_n utter_o reject_v the_o use_n of_o rhetoric_n look_v upon_o the_o art_n of_o persuade_v by_o uncertain_a probability_n as_o little_o differ_v from_o that_o of_o deceive_v &_o direct_o contrary_a to_o their_o end_n who_o by_o the_o knowledge_n of_o truth_n desire_v to_o be_v lead_v into_o the_o do_n of_o justice_n but_o if_o the_o art_n that_o make_v use_v of_o their_o probability_n be_v banish_v from_o uncorrupted_a tribunal_n as_o a_o hindrance_n unto_o the_o discovery_n of_o truth_n they_o that_o will_v ground_v verdict_n total_o upon_o they_o declare_v a_o open_a neglect_n of_o it_o and_o as_o it_o be_v say_v that_o uno_fw-la absurdo_fw-la dato_fw-la mille_fw-la sequuntur_fw-la if_o juries_n be_v to_o be_v guide_v by_o probability_n the_o next_o question_n will_v be_v concern_v the_o more_o or_o less_o probable_a or_o what_o degree_n of_o probability_n be_v require_v to_o persuade_v they_o to_o find_v a_o bill_n this_o be_v impossible_a to_o fix_v the_o whole_a proceed_n will_v be_v bring_v to_o depend_v upon_o the_o fancy_n of_o man_n and_o as_o nothing_o be_v so_o slight_a but_o it_o may_v move_v they_o there_o be_v no_o security_n that_o innocent_a person_n may_v not_o be_v bring_v every_o day_n into_o danger_n and_o trouble_n by_o this_o mean_n certain_a
mischief_n will_v be_v do_v whilst_o it_o be_v by_o their_o own_o confession_n uncertain_a whether_o they_o be_v any_o way_n deserve_v by_o such_o as_o suffer_v they_o to_o the_o utter_a overthrow_n of_o all_o justice_n if_o the_o word_n probable_a be_v take_v in_o a_o common_a rather_o than_o a_o nice_a logical_a sense_n it_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o likely_a or_o rather_o likely_a than_o unlikely_a when_o a_o matter_n be_v find_v to_o be_v so_o the_o wager_n be_v not_o even_o there_o be_v odds_o upon_o one_o side_n and_o this_o may_v be_v a_o very_a good_a ground_n for_o bet_v in_o a_o tennis_n court_n or_o at_o a_o horse_n race_n but_o he_o that_o will_v make_v the_o administration_n of_o justice_n to_o depend_v upon_o such_o point_n seem_v to_o put_v a_o very_a small_a value_n upon_o the_o fortune_n liberty_n and_o reputation_n of_o man_n and_o to_o forget_v that_o those_o who_o set_v in_o court_n of_o justice_n have_v no_o other_o business_n there_o than_o to_o preserve_v they_o this_o continue_v in_o force_n though_o in_o a_o dialogue_n between_o a_o barrister_n and_o a_o grand_a jury_n man_n publish_v under_o the_o title_n of_o the_o grand_a jury_n man_n oath_n and_o office_n it_o be_v say_v p._n 8._o and_o 9_o that_o their_o work_n be_v no_o more_o than_o to_o present_a offence_n fit_a for_o a_o trial_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n give_v in_o only_a a_o verisimilar_v or_o probable_a charge_n and_o other_o have_v affirm_v that_o a_o far_o less_o evidence_n will_v warrant_v a_o grand_a jury_n indictment_n than_o a_o petit_fw-fr jury_n verdict_n for_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o opposite_a to_o the_o justice_n of_o our_o law_n than_o such_o opinion_n all_o law_n in_o doubtful_a case_n direct_v a_o suspension_n of_o judgement_n or_o a_o sentence_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o accuse_v person_n but_o if_o this_o be_v hearken_v unto_o grand_fw-fr juries_n shall_v upon_o their_o oath_n affirm_v they_o judge_v he_o criminal_a when_o the_o evidence_n be_v upon_o such_o uncertain_a ground_n that_o they_o can_v but_o doubt_n whether_o he_o be_v so_o or_o not_o it_o can_v be_v hereupon_o say_v that_o no_o evidence_n be_v so_o clear_a and_o full_a but_o it_o may_v be_v false_a and_o give_v the_o jury_n occasion_n of_o doubt_n so_o as_o all_o criminal_n must_v escape_v if_o no_o indictment_n ought_v to_o be_v find_v unless_o the_o proof_n be_v absolute_o certain_a for_o it_o be_v confess_v that_o such_o case_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o a_o infallible_a mathematical_a demonstration_n but_o a_o jury_n that_o examine_v all_o the_o witness_n that_o be_v likely_a to_o give_v any_o light_n concern_v the_o business_n in_o question_n and_o all_o circumstance_n relate_v to_o the_o fact_n before_o they_o with_o the_o life_n and_o credit_n of_o those_o that_o testify_v it_o and_o of_o the_o person_n accuse_v may_v and_o do_v often_o find_v that_o which_o in_o their_o conscience_n do_v full_o persuade_v they_o that_o the_o accuse_a person_n be_v guilty_a this_o be_v as_o much_o as_o the_o law_n or_o their_o oath_n do_v require_v and_o such_o as_o find_v bill_n after_o have_v make_v such_o a_o scrutiny_n be_v blameless_a before_o god_n and_o man_n if_o through_o the_o fragility_n inseparable_a from_o humane_a nature_n they_o shall_v be_v lead_v into_o error_n for_o they_o do_v not_o swear_v that_o the_o bill_n be_v true_a but_o that_o they_o in_o their_o conscience_n believe_v that_o it_o be_v so_o and_o if_o they_o write_v ignoramus_n upon_o the_o bill_n it_o be_v not_o thereby_o declare_v to_o be_v false_a nor_o the_o person_n accuse_v acquit_v but_o the_o matter_n be_v suspend_v until_o it_o can_v be_v more_o clear_o prove_v as_o in_o doubtful_a case_n it_o always_o aught_o to_o be_v our_o ancestor_n take_v great_a care_n that_o suspicious_a and_o probable_a cause_n shall_v not_o bring_v any_o man_n life_n and_o estate_n into_o danger_n for_o that_o reason_n it_o be_v ordain_v by_o the_o stat._n 37._o ed._n 3._o cap._n 18._o that_o such_o as_o make_v suggestion_n to_o the_o king_n shall_v find_v surety_n to_o pursue_v and_o incur_v the_o same_o pain_n that_o the_o other_o shall_v have_v have_v if_o he_o be_v attaint_v in_o case_n their_o suggestion_n be_v find_v evil_a &_o that_o then_o process_n of_o the_o law_n shall_v be_v make_v against_o the_o accuse_v this_o manner_n of_o proceed_v have_v its_o root_n on_o eternal_a and_o universal_a reason_n the_o law_n give_v by_o god_n unto_o his_o people_n deut._n 19_o allot_v the_o same_o punishment_n unto_o a_o false_a witness_n as_o a_o person_n convict_v the_o best_a discipline_v nation_n of_o the_o world_n learn_v this_o from_o the_o hebrew_n and_o make_v it_o their_o rule_n in_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n the_o grecian_n general_o observe_v it_o and_o the_o roman_n according_a to_o their_o lex_fw-la talionis_fw-la do_v not_o only_o punish_v death_n with_o death_n but_o the_o intention_n of_o commit_v murder_n by_o false_a accusation_n with_o the_o same_o severity_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v effect_v by_o any_o other_o mean_n this_o law_n be_v inviolable_o observe_v as_o long_o as_o any_o thing_n of_o regularity_n or_o equity_n remain_v among_o they_o and_o when_o through_o the_o wickedness_n of_o some_o of_o the_o emperor_n or_o their_o favourite_n it_o come_v to_o be_v overthrow_v all_o justice_n perish_v with_o it_o a_o crew_n of_o false_a informer_n break_v out_o to_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o best_a man_n and_o never_o cease_v until_o they_o have_v ruin_v all_o the_o most_o eminent_a and_o ancient_a family_n circumvent_v the_o person_n that_o by_o their_o reputation_n wealth_n birth_n or_o virtue_n deserve_v to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o common_a sort_n of_o people_n and_o bring_v desolation_n upon_o that_o victorious_a city_n 3._o tac._n ann._n 3._o tacitus_n complain_v of_o this_o as_o the_o cause_n of_o all_o the_o mischief_n suffer_v in_o his_o time_n and_o country_n by_o their_o mean_n the_o most_o savage_a cruelty_n be_v commit_v under_o the_o name_n of_o law_n which_o thereby_o become_v a_o great_a plague_n than_o former_o crime_n have_v be_v no_o remedy_n can_v be_v find_v when_o those_o delatores_fw-la who_o he_o call_v genus_fw-la hominum_fw-la publico_fw-la exitio_fw-la repertum_fw-la 4._o tac._n ann._n 4._o &_o poenis_fw-la quidem_fw-la nunquam_fw-la satis_fw-la coercitum_fw-la be_v invite_v by_o impunity_n or_o reward_n and_o the_o miserable_a people_n groan_v under_o this_o calamity_n until_o those_o instrument_n of_o iniquity_n be_v by_o better_a prince_n put_v to_o the_o most_o cruel_a though_o well_o deserve_v death_n the_o like_a have_v be_v see_v in_o many_o place_n and_o the_o domestic_a quiet_n which_o be_v now_o enjoy_v in_o the_o principal_a part_n of_o europe_n proceed_v chief_o from_o this_o that_o every_o man_n know_v the_o same_o punishment_n be_v appoint_v for_o a_o false_a accusation_n and_o a_o prove_a crime_n it_o be_v hardly_o seven_o year_n since_o mounseur_fw-fr courboyer_n a_o man_n of_o quality_n in_o britain_n suborn_v two_o of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n his_o guard_n to_o swear_v treasonable_a design_n against_o la_fw-fr motte_n a_o norman_a gentleman_n the_o matter_n be_v bring_v to_o monsieur_n colebert_n he_o cause_v the_o accuse_v person_n and_o the_o witness_n to_o be_v secure_v until_o the_o fraud_n be_v discover_v by_o one_o of_o they_o whereupon_o he_o be_v pardon_v la_fw-fr motte_n release_v courboyer_n behead_v and_o the_o other_o false_a witness_v hang_v by_o the_o sentence_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n though_o this_o law_n seem_v to_o be_v ground_v upon_o such_o foundation_n as_o forbid_v we_o to_o question_v the_o equity_n of_o it_o our_o ancestor_n for_o reason_n best_o know_v unto_o themselves_o think_v fit_a to_o moderate_v its_o severity_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 38._o ed._n 3._o cap._n 9_o yet_o then_o it_o be_v enact_v and_o the_o law_n continue_v in_o force_n unto_o this_o day_n that_o whosoever_o make_v complaint_n to_o the_o king_n and_o can_v not_o prove_v they_o against_o the_o defendant_n by_o the_o process_n of_o law_n limit_v in_o former_a statute_n which_o be_v first_o by_o a_o grand_a jury_n he_o shall_v be_v imprison_v until_o he_o have_v make_v gree_n to_o the_o party_n of_o his_o damage_n and_o of_o the_o slander_n he_o suffer_v by_o such_o occasion_n and_o after_o shall_v make_v fine_a and_o ransom_n to_o the_o king_n which_o be_v for_o the_o common_a damage_n that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o people_n suffer_v by_o such_o a_o false_a accusation_n and_o defamation_n of_o any_o subject_a and_o in_o the_o 42._o ed._n 3._o cap_n 3._o to_o eschew_v the_o mischief_n and_o damage_n do_v by_o false_a accuser_n it_o be_v enact_v that_o no_o man_n be_v put_v to_o answer_v such_o suggestion_n without_o presentment_n before_o the_o justice_n i._n e._n by_o the_o grand_a jury_n it_o
can_v sure_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o suggestion_n make_v to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n have_v no_o probability_n in_o they_o or_o that_o there_o be_v no_o colour_n cause_n or_o reason_n for_o the_o king_n to_o put_v the_o party_n to_o answer_v the_o accusation_n but_o the_o grievance_n and_o complaint_n be_v that_o the_o people_n suffer_v certain_a damage_n and_o vexation_n upon_o untrue_a and_o at_o best_a uncertain_a accusation_n and_o that_o therein_o the_o law_n be_v pervert_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n take_v upon_o they_o to_o judge_v of_o the_o certainty_n or_o truth_n of_o they_o which_o of_o right_n belong_v to_o the_o grand_a jury_n only_o upon_o who_o judgement_n and_o integrity_n our_o law_n do_v whole_o rely_v for_o the_o indemnity_n of_o the_o innocent_a and_o the_o punishment_n of_o all_o such_o as_o do_v unjust_o molest_v they_o our_o law_n have_v not_o think_v fit_a so_o absolute_o to_o depend_v upon_o the_o oath_n of_o witness_n as_o to_o allow_v that_o upon_o two_o or_o ten_o man_n swear_v positive_o treason_n or_o felony_n against_o any_o man_n before_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n or_o all_o the_o judge_n or_o before_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n that_o the_o party_n accuse_v be_v he_o either_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n or_o commoner_n shall_v without_o further_a inquiry_n be_v thereupon_o arraign_v and_o put_v upon_o his_o trial_n for_o his_o life_n yet_o none_o can_v doubt_v but_o there_o be_v something_o of_o probability_n in_o such_o deposition_n nevertheless_o the_o law_n refer_v those_o matter_n unto_o grand_a jury_n and_o no_o man_n can_v be_v bring_v to_o trial_n until_o upon_o such_o strict_a inquiry_n as_o be_v before_o say_v the_o indictment_n be_v find_v the_o law_n be_v so_o strict_a in_o these_o inquiry_n that_o though_o the_o crime_n be_v never_o so_o notorious_a may_v if_o treason_n shall_v be_v confess_v in_o write_v under_o hand_n and_o seal_v before_o justice_n of_o peace_n secretary_n of_o state_n or_o the_o king_n and_o council_n yet_o before_o the_o party_n can_v be_v arraign_v for_o it_o the_o grand_a jury_n must_v inquire_v and_o be_v satisfy_v whether_o such_o a_o confession_n be_v clear_a and_o certain_a whether_o there_o be_v no_o collusion_n therein_o or_o the_o party_n induce_v to_o such_o confession_n by_o promise_n of_o pardon_n or_o that_o some_o pretend_a partaker_n in_o the_o crime_n may_v be_v defame_v or_o destroy_v thereby_o they_o must_v inquire_v whether_o the_o confession_n be_v not_o extort_a by_o fear_n threaten_n or_o force_n and_o whether_o the_o party_n be_v true_o compos_fw-la mentis_fw-la of_o sound_a mind_n and_o reason_n at_o that_o time_n the_o stat._n 5._o eliz._n cap._n 1._o declare_v the_o ancient_a common_a law_n concern_v the_o trust_n and_o duty_n of_o juries_n and_o enact_n that_o none_o shall_v be_v indict_v for_o assist_v aid_a comfort_a or_o abelt_a criminal_n in_o the_o treason_n therein_o make_v and_o declare_v unless_o he_o or_o they_o be_v thereof_o lawful_o accuse_v by_o such_o good_a and_o sufficient_a testimony_n or_o proof_n as_o by_o the_o jury_n by_o who_o he_o shall_v be_v indict_v shall_v be_v think_v good_a lawful_a and_o sufficient_a to_o prove_v he_o or_o they_o guilty_a of_o the_o say_a offence_n herein_o be_v declare_v the_o only_a true_a reason_n of_o indictment_n i._n e._n the_o grand_a jury_n judgement_n that_o they_o have_v such_o testimony_n as_o they_o esteem_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v the_o party_n indite_v guilty_a of_o the_o crime_n whereof_o he_o be_v accuse_v and_o whatsoever_o the_o indictment_n do_v contain_v they_o be_v to_o present_v no_o more_o or_o other_o crime_n than_o be_v prove_v to_o their_o satisfaction_n as_o upon_o oath_n they_o declare_v it_o be_v when_o they_o present_v it_o this_o exactness_n be_v not_o only_o require_v in_o the_o substance_n of_o crime_n but_o in_o the_o circumstance_n and_o any_o doubtfulness_n or_o uncertainty_n in_o they_o make_v the_o indictment_n &_o all_o proceed_n upon_o it_o by_o the_o petit_fw-fr jury_n to_o be_v insufficient_a and_o void_a and_o hold_v for_o none_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o follow_a case_n in_o young_n case_n in_o the_o lord_n cook_n report_v lib._n 4._o fol._n 40._o a_o indictment_n for_o murder_n be_v declare_v void_a for_o its_o incertainty_n because_o the_o jury_n have_v not_o lay_v certainty_n in_o what_o part_n of_o the_o body_n the_o mortal_a wound_n be_v give_v say_v only_o that_o it_o be_v about_o his_o breast_n the_o word_n be_v unam_fw-la plagam_fw-la mortalem_fw-la circiter_fw-la pectus_fw-la in_o like_a manner_n in_o vaux_n case_n cook_n rep._n lib._n 4._o fol._n 44._o he_o be_v indict_v for_o poison_v ridley_n the_o jury_n have_v not_o plain_o and_o express_o aver_v that_o ridley_n drink_v the_o poison_n though_o other_o word_n employ_v it_o and_o thereupon_o the_o indictment_n be_v judge_v insufficient_a for_o say_v the_o book_n the_o matter_n of_o a_o indictment_n ought_v to_o be_v full_a express_a and_o certain_a and_o shall_v not_o be_v maintain_v by_o argument_n or_o implication_n for_o that_o the_o indictment_n be_v find_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o neighbourhood_n in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o roll_n report_v p._n 263._o smith_n and_o malls_n case_v the_o indictment_n be_v quash_v for_o incertainty_n because_o the_o jury_n have_v aver_v that_o smith_n be_v either_o a_o servant_n or_o deputy_n smith_n existens_fw-la servus_n sive_fw-la deputatus_fw-la be_v the_o word_n it_o be_v doubtless_o probable_o enough_o prove_v to_o the_o jury_n that_o he_o be_v either_o a_o deputy_n or_o servant_n but_o because_o the_o indictment_n do_v not_o absolute_o and_o certain_o aver_v his_o condition_n either_o of_o servant_n or_o deputy_n it_o be_v declare_v void_a if_o there_o be_v any_o defect_n of_o certainty_n in_o the_o grand_a jury_n verdict_n no_o proof_n or_o evidence_n to_o the_o petit_fw-fr jury_n can_v supply_v it_o so_o it_o be_v judge_v in_o write_v and_o wig_n case_n coke_n 4._o rep._n fol._n 45_o 46_o 47._o it_o be_v lay_v that_o write_v be_v kill_v at_o shipperton_n but_o do_v not_o aver_v that_o shipperton_n be_v within_o the_o verge_n though_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v and_o no_o averment_n or_o oath_n to_o the_o petit_fw-fr jury_n can_v supply_v that_o small_a faileur_fw-fr of_o certainty_n to_o support_v the_o indictment_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v render_v in_o these_o word_n viz._n the_o indictment_n be_v veredictum_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la dictum_fw-la veritatis_fw-la a_o verdict_n that_o be_v a_o say_n of_o truth_n and_o matter_n of_o record_n aught_o to_o contain_v the_o whole_a truth_n which_o be_v requisite_a by_o the_o law_n for_o when_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v it_o be_v the_o same_o as_o if_o it_o be_v not_o and_o every_o material_a part_n of_o the_o indictment_n ought_v to_o be_v find_v upon_o the_o oath_n if_o the_o indicter_n and_o can_v be_v supply_v by_o the_o averment_n of_o the_o party_n the_o grand_a jury_n verdict_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o judicial_a proceed_n against_o capital_a offender_n at_o the_o king_n suit_n if_o that_o fail_v in_o any_o point_n of_o certainty_n both_o conviction_n and_o acquittal_n thereupon_o be_v utter_o void_a and_o the_o proceed_n against_o both_o may_v begin_v again_o as_o if_o they_o have_v never_o be_v try_v as_o it_o appear_v in_o the_o case_n last_o cite_v fol._n 47._o now_o as_o the_o law_n require_v from_o the_o grand_a jury_n particular_a certain_a and_o precise_a affirmation_n of_o truth_n so_o it_o expect_v that_o they_o shall_v look_v for_o the_o like_a and_o accept_v of_o no_o other_o from_o such_o as_o bring_v accusation_n to_o they_o for_o no_o man_n can_v certain_o affirm_v that_o which_o be_v uncertain_o deliver_v unto_o he_o or_o which_o he_o do_v not_o firm_o believe_v the_o witness_n that_o they_o receive_v for_o good_a be_v to_o depose_v only_o absolute_a certainty_n about_o the_o fact_n commit_v that_o be_v what_o they_o have_v see_v or_o hear_v from_o the_o accuse_a party_n themselves_o not_o what_o other_o have_v tell_v they_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v suffer_v to_o make_v probable_a argument_n and_o infer_v from_o thence_o the_o guilt_n of_o the_o accuse_o their_o deposition_n ought_v to_o be_v positive_a plain_a direct_a and_o full_a the_o crime_n be_v to_o be_v swear_v without_o any_o doubtfulness_n or_o obscurity_n not_o in_o word_n qualify_v &_o limit_v to_o belief_n conception_n or_o apprehension_n this_o absolute_a certainty_n require_v in_o the_o deposition_n of_o the_o witness_n be_v one_o principal_a ground_n of_o the_o jury_n most_o rational_a assurance_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o their_o verdict_n the_o credit_n also_o of_o the_o witness_n ought_v to_o be_v free_a from_o all_o blemish_n that_o good_a and_o conscientious_a man_n may_v rational_o rely_v upon_o they_o in_o matter_n of_o so_o great_a moment_n as_o the_o blood_n