england_n view_n in_o the_o unmask_n of_o two_o paradox_n with_o a_o replication_n unto_o the_o answer_n of_o master_n john_n bodine_n by_o gerrard_n de_fw-fr malynes_n merchant_n opposita_fw-la iuxta_fw-la se_fw-la posita_fw-la magis_fw-la apparent_a anchora_fw-la spei_fw-la london_n print_v by_o richard_n field_n 1603._o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a sir_n thomas_n sackuile_n baron_n of_o buckhurst_n lord_n high_a treasurer_n of_o england_n knight_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o garter_n and_o one_o of_o the_o lord_n of_o her_o majesty_n most_o honourable_a privy_a council_n g._n de_fw-fr m._n wish_v all_o health_n increase_n of_o honour_n and_o everlasting_a happiness_n these_o two_o paradox_n right_a honourable_a have_v be_v present_v unto_o the_o french_a king_n as_o a_o mean_a to_o qualify_v the_o general_a complaint_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n in_o france_n by_o prove_v that_o nothing_o be_v grow_v dear_a in_o three_o hundred_o year_n be_v answer_v by_o the_o famous_a m._n john_n bodine_n who_o dedicate_v his_o answer_n unto_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n of_o france_n as_o a_o matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n and_o considerable_a in_o the_o government_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n hence_o proceed_v that_o resolution_n which_o embolden_v i_o to_o present_v unto_o your_o lordship_n the_o substance_n of_o both_o their_o write_n with_o all_o their_o argument_n and_o propound_a remedy_n to_o the_o end_n that_o in_o the_o balance_n of_o your_o grave_a wisdom_n they_o may_v be_v weigh_v with_o my_o replication_n thereunto_o show_v how_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v of_o for_o the_o good_a of_o a_o commonwealth_n your_o honour_n judgement_n shall_v easy_o perceive_v that_o the_o paradox_n be_v opposite_a and_o do_v contradict_v one_o another_o beside_o the_o slender_a and_o weak_a ground_n of_o their_o foundation_n as_o also_o that_o master_n bodine_n have_v mistake_v the_o true_a ground_n of_o the_o matter_n by_o compare_v the_o price_n of_o thing_n within_o themselves_o in_o a_o commonwealth_n whereas_o the_o comparison_n must_v be_v between_o the_o home_n commodity_n of_o one_o commonwealth_n and_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n of_o other_o nation_n and_o that_o either_o by_o way_n of_o permutation_n of_o commodity_n for_o commodity_n or_o by_o commodity_n for_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la or_o by_o exchange_n so_o that_o a_o due_a consideration_n must_v be_v have_v of_o the_o course_n of_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n which_o be_v the_o essential_a part_n of_o all_o trade_n and_o traffic_v wherein_o must_v be_v consider_v the_o end_n of_o all_o merchant_n which_o be_v gaine_n and_o profit_n at_o which_o scope_n they_o aim_v according_a to_o their_o profession_n and_o practice_n some_o by_o commodity_n some_o by_o money_n some_o by_o exchange_n some_o by_o all_o three_o or_o that_o which_o yield_v they_o most_o gain_v for_o as_o money_n do_v rule_v the_o course_n of_o commodity_n so_o the_o exchange_n for_o money_n do_v both_o rule_n the_o course_n of_o money_n and_o commodity_n by_o the_o disorder_n whereof_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o riches_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n do_v so_o much_o decrease_v as_o it_o be_v not_o always_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o wise_a that_o have_v the_o manage_n of_o the_o government_n thereof_o to_o make_v choice_n of_o the_o best_a and_o to_o banish_v the_o worst_a but_o must_v not_o only_o obey_v the_o tempest_n and_o strike_v sail_n but_o also_o cast_v over_o board_n some_o precious_a thing_n to_o save_v the_o ship_n and_o bring_v it_o into_o a_o safe_a port_n and_o afterward_o by_o degree_n overcome_v great_a thing_n change_v the_o estate_n thereof_o from_o evil_a to_o good_a and_o from_o good_a to_o better_v which_o otherwise_o may_v have_v be_v prevent_v in_o the_o begin_n by_o remove_v the_o cause_n thereof_o to_o your_o most_o honourable_a judgement_n i_o refer_v the_o consideration_n of_o all_o and_o pray_v the_o almighty_a to_o have_v your_o honour_n in_o his_o divine_a protection_n and_o so_o in_o all_o humility_n i_o take_v leave_n london_n this_o 16._o of_o januarie_n 1603._o your_o lordship_n most_o humble_a and_o in_o all_o duty_n bind_v gerrard_n de_fw-fr malynes_n england_n view_n a_o sentence_n allege_v without_o application_n to_o some_o purpose_n be_v to_o handle_v a_o matter_n without_o conclusion_n and_o he_o that_o will_v attribute_v unto_o any_o man_n the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o essential_a part_n ground_n or_o pillar_n of_o any_o science_n must_v make_v apparent_a proof_n thereof_o otherwise_o his_o assertion_n be_v like_a cloud_n and_o wind_n without_o rain_n or_o like_o a_o arrow_n shoot_v at_o random_n quòd_fw-la oportet_fw-la patremfamilias_a vendacem_fw-la esse_fw-la non_fw-la emacem_fw-la be_v a_o worthy_a sentence_n to_o be_v due_o execute_v of_o all_o good_a householder_n or_o father_n of_o family_n especial_o of_o prince_n that_o be_v the_o father_n of_o the_o great_a family_n of_o commonweal_n who_o as_o justinian_n say_v be_v to_o provide_v careful_o for_o the_o two_o season_n namely_o the_o time_n of_o war_n when_o arm_n be_v necessary_a and_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n more_o fit_v wholesome_a law_n in_o both_o which_o it_o can_v proper_o be_v say_v that_o the_o office_n of_o a_o prince_n be_v whole_o employ_v about_o the_o government_n of_o the_o person_n of_o man_n and_o of_o thing_n convenient_a and_o fit_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o humane_a society_n according_a to_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o heathen_n but_o rather_o in_o the_o observation_n of_o religion_n towards_o god_n and_o administration_n of_o justice_n towards_o man_n the_o one_o teach_v we_o especial_o of_o the_o life_n to_o come_v &_o the_o other_o how_o we_o shall_v live_v in_o this_o life_n religion_n do_v knit_v and_o unite_v the_o spirit_n of_o man_n whereby_o they_o live_v obedient_o in_o unity_n peace_n and_o concord_n and_o justice_n be_v as_o a_o measure_n ordain_v by_o god_n among_o man_n to_o defend_v the_o feeble_a from_o the_o mighty_a hence_o proceed_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o sedition_n and_o civil_a war_n be_v the_o denial_n of_o justice_n oppression_n of_o the_o common-people_n inequal_a distribution_n of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n the_o exceed_a riches_n of_o a_o small_a number_n the_o extreme_a poverty_n of_o many_o the_o overgreat_a idleness_n of_o the_o subject_n and_o the_o not_o punish_v of_o offender_n which_o bring_v destruction_n of_o commonweal_n religion_n do_v teach_v the_o fear_n of_o god_n which_o make_v a_o good_a man_n and_o be_v indeed_o the_o beginning_n of_o a_o prince_n for_o since_o prince_n reign_v by_o wisdom_n and_o that_o the_o fear_n of_o god_n be_v the_o beginning_n thereof_o we_o must_v conclude_v that_o it_o be_v the_o beginning_n also_o of_o a_o virtuous_a and_o wise_a prince_n now_o as_o prince_n reign_v by_o god_n so_o must_v they_o be_v direct_v by_o he_o yea_o they_o reign_v best_a and_o long_a that_o serve_v he_o best_a and_o most_o serve_v he_o they_o can_v but_o according_a to_o his_o will_n and_o his_o will_n be_v not_o know_v but_o by_o his_o word_n and_o law_n which_o make_v the_o prophet_n david_n to_o meditate_v therein_o day_n and_o night_n prefer_v the_o cause_n of_o faith_n or_o religion_n before_o temporal_a commodity_n and_o this_o be_v proper_o the_o first_o and_o chief_a point_n that_o the_o prince_n be_v to_o regard_v whereunto_o the_o other_o be_v annex_v and_o do_v depend_v upon_o for_o as_o justice_n be_v administer_v and_o prescribe_v by_o law_n and_o custom_n so_o reason_n require_v that_o this_o gradation_n shall_v be_v observe_v concern_v all_o law_n that_o even_o as_o the_o will_n contract_n or_o testament_n of_o particular_a man_n can_v derogate_v the_o ordinance_n of_o the_o magistrate_n and_o the_o order_n of_o the_o magistrate_n can_v abolish_v custom_n nor_o the_o custom_n can_v abridge_v the_o general_a law_n of_o a_o absolute_a prince_n no_o more_o can_v the_o law_n of_o prince_n alter_v or_o change_v the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n by_o justice_n proper_o call_v distributive_a be_v the_o harmony_n of_o the_o member_n of_o a_o commonweal_n maintain_v in_o good_a concord_n howbeit_o much_o hinder_v where_o usury_n be_v tolerate_v which_o give_v cause_n of_o discord_n some_o few_o wax_a thereby_o too_o rich_a and_o many_o extreme_a poor_a the_o operation_n of_o effect_n whereof_o be_v declare_v by_o i_o under_o certain_a simile_n or_o metaphor_n in_o the_o treatise_n of_o saint_n george_n for_o england_n by_o justice_n proper_o call_v commutative_a be_v the_o commerce_n and_o traffic_n with_o other_o nation_n maintain_v observe_v a_o kind_n of_o equality_n which_o be_v requisite_a in_o every_o well_o govern_v commonwealth_n where_o providence_n and_o policy_n cause_v the_o prince_n the_o father_n of_o the_o great_a family_n to_o sell_v more_o than_o he_o buy_v or_o else_o the_o wealth_n and_o treasure_n of_o his_o realm_n
wherein_o the_o example_n of_o the_o prince_n be_v predominant_a but_o leave_v the_o matter_n of_o commodity_n let_v we_o come_v to_o entreat_v of_o money_n money_n as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o be_v the_o rule_n and_o square_a to_o set_v a_o price_n unto_o every_o thing_n as_o be_v the_o public_a measure_n to_o maintain_v a_o certain_a equality_n in_o buy_v and_o sell_v must_v therefore_o have_v his_o stand_a valuation_n only_o by_o public_a authority_n of_o prince_n as_o a_o matter_n annex_v to_o their_o crown_n and_o dignity_n for_o they_o be_v the_o warrant_n of_o the_o money_n unto_o their_o subject_n and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o this_o measure_n of_o thing_n namely_o money_n shall_v not_o be_v falsify_v by_o make_v the_o same_o general_o more_o or_o less_o whereby_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n will_v become_v incertain_a if_o private_a man_n be_v suffer_v to_o have_v the_o handle_n thereof_o therefore_o be_v prince_n so_o careful_a to_o observe_v a_o certainty_n and_o equality_n of_o the_o price_n of_o money_n from_o time_n to_o time_n howbeit_o that_o the_o due_a regard_n which_o be_v to_o be_v have_v between_o their_o money_n and_o the_o money_n of_o other_o prince_n be_v by_o some_o less_o regard_v than_o the_o course_n thereof_o within_o their_o own_o dominion_n be_v of_o less_o importance_n have_v some_o base_a money_n currant_n with_o the_o good_a the_o price_n of_o money_n become_v incertain_a in_o particular_a when_o private_a man_n will_v give_v or_o receive_v any_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la above_o the_o price_n of_o their_o valuation_n impose_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o prince_n whereby_o every_o man_n undertake_v to_o advance_v still_o the_o price_n according_a as_o he_o see_v occasion_n to_o advance_v his_o gain_n by_o the_o necessity_n or_o use_n of_o another_o man_n that_o have_v cause_n to_o employ_v the_o money_n the_o use_n hereof_o be_v in_o many_o country_n severe_o prohibit_v and_o yet_o another_o way_n in_o a_o manner_n suffer_v for_o the_o good_a of_o their_o commonweal_n as_o those_o that_o be_v skilful_a in_o mint_n matter_n do_v very_o well_o know_v the_o price_n of_o money_n in_o general_n become_v incertain_a when_o usury_n be_v tolerate_v whereby_o one_o hundred_o pound_n be_v esteem_v and_o value_v in_o regard_n of_o time_n to_o be_v worth_a one_o hundred_o and_o ten_o pound_n and_o in_o some_o other_o country_n more_o which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o commodity_n be_v sell_v according_o when_o day_n be_v first_o give_v for_o the_o payment_n thereof_o every_o man_n suppose_v that_o he_o can_v make_v so_o much_o of_o his_o money_n which_o do_v proceed_v of_o his_o commodity_n this_o course_n be_v tolerate_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n make_v we_o to_o forbear_v to_o speak_v hereof_o spare_o because_o policy_n do_v think_v that_o thereby_o great_a evil_n be_v avoid_v which_o be_v compare_v to_o the_o operation_n and_o effect_n of_o usury_n write_v allegorical_o by_o i_o in_o another_o treatise_n may_v be_v balance_v in_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o wise_a only_o to_o the_o end_n that_o through_o ignorance_n merchant_n and_o other_o may_v not_o fall_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o usury_n we_o have_v think_v good_a to_o give_v they_o this_o caveat_n and_o to_o make_v they_o to_o understand_v the_o true_a sense_n and_o definition_n of_o the_o branch_n of_o toleration_n of_o that_o statute_n the_o rather_o for_o that_o some_o man_n do_v seem_v to_o charge_v the_o maker_n thereof_o with_o a_o great_a absurdity_n for_o say_v they_o the_o statute_n give_v ability_n for_o a_o man_n to_o take_v one_o way_n ten_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n or_o more_o for_o the_o use_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n for_o one_o year_n be_v deliver_v out_o for_o two_o year_n and_o another_o way_n he_o can_v take_v ten_o pound_n five_o shilling_n and_o less_o for_o one_o year_n but_o he_o shall_v be_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o statute_n but_o if_o they_o have_v a_o due_a consideration_n that_o time_n be_v proper_o the_o judge_n hereof_o and_o that_o they_o can_v not_o make_v the_o statute_n without_o the_o limitation_n of_o a_o time_n certain_a they_o will_v not_o find_v any_o absurdity_n therein_o for_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o make_v it_o otherwise_o more_o certain_a the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v in_o effect_n none_o may_v have_v receive_v accept_v or_o take_v for_o the_o lend_n or_o forbear_v of_o his_o or_o their_o money_n for_o one_o whole_a year_n or_o for_o a_o long_o or_o a_o short_a time_n or_o for_o a_o more_o or_o less_o sum_n above_o the_o rate_n of_o 10_o pound_n pro_fw-la 100_o yearly_a 37._o h._n 8._o and_o this_o statute_n to_o be_v most_o strong_o &_o strict_o construe_v for_o the_o suppression_n of_o all_o usury_n both_o direct_o and_o indirect_o as_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 13._o of_o her_o most_o excellent_a majesty_n to_o make_v it_o evident_o appear_v that_o of_o necessity_n time_n be_v herein_o efficient_a and_o active_a and_o the_o rate_n of_o 10_o pro_fw-la 100_o positive_a and_o passive_a let_v we_o suppose_v that_o you_o do_v deliver_v at_o interest_n one_o hundred_o pound_n for_o three_o month_n after_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o you_o may_v lawful_o receive_v at_o the_o three_o month_n end_n two_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n for_o your_o interest_n and_o continue_v the_o hundred_o pound_n again_o for_o other_o three_o month_n by_o a_o new_a contract_n or_o agreement_n and_o then_o receive_v again_o two_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n continue_v in_o this_o manner_n for_o the_o whole_a year_n by_o four_o several_a agreement_n whereby_o you_o do_v receive_v three_o part_n of_o your_o interest_n at_o several_a time_n within_o the_o year_n which_o interest_n you_o may_v put_v out_o also_o to_o usury_n and_o so_o take_v above_o 10_o pro_fw-la 100_o without_o incur_v the_o danger_n of_o the_o statute_n because_o your_o agreement_n have_v from_o time_n to_o time_n alter_v the_o property_n of_o the_o interest_n money_n which_o you_o do_v receive_v and_o that_o which_o before_o be_v another_o be_v thereby_o become_v you_o and_o thereof_o you_o may_v lawful_o dispose_v again_o but_o if_o you_o do_v deliver_v out_o 100_o pound_n from_o the_o begin_n for_o one_o whole_a year_n than_o you_o can_v have_v but_o 10_o pound_n interest_n for_o the_o same_o at_o the_o year_n end_v with_o your_o principal_n for_o the_o property_n of_o the_o 10_o pound_n be_v not_o till_o then_o alter_v by_o your_o agreement_n thus_o be_v it_o with_o money_n deliver_v for_o a_o short_a time_n in_o like_a manner_n be_v it_o for_o money_n deliver_v out_o for_o a_o long_a time_n as_o for_o example_n one_o deliver_v out_o a_o 100_o pound_n for_o four_o year_n for_o the_o which_o at_o the_o four_o year_n end_n he_o can_v receive_v but_o 140_o pound_n but_o if_o he_o do_v deliver_v out_o 100_o pound_n for_o one_o year_n he_o may_v at_o the_o year_n end_v receive_v 10_o pound_n for_o interest_n and_o continue_v the_o 100_o pound_n again_o for_o the_o second_o year_n by_o a_o new_a agreement_n and_o then_o receive_v another_o 10_o pound_n and_o so_o for_o the_o three_o and_o four_o year_n now_o whereas_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o several_a agreement_n according_a to_o the_o time_n he_o have_v alter_v the_o property_n of_o the_o interest_n money_n and_o receive_v 10_o pound_n the_o first_o year_n he_o may_v put_v out_o again_o this_o 10_o pound_n as_o his_o own_o for_o another_o year_n and_o so_o have_v interest_n thereof_o twenty_o shilling_n whereby_o he_o receive_v 11_o pound_n the_o second_o year_n which_o be_v put_v out_o for_o the_o three_o and_o four_o year_n will_v yield_v he_o according_o in_o like_a manner_n for_o the_o 10_o pound_n receive_v the_o second_o and_o three_o year_n which_o will_v yield_v he_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n according_o so_o that_o he_o shall_v have_v above_o 146_o pound_n be_v thus_o deliver_v out_o the_o body_n of_o his_o sum_n still_o remain_v whole_a and_o be_v only_o distinguish_v by_o time_n which_o make_v the_o difference_n again_o let_v we_o suppose_v that_o the_o 100_o pound_n be_v deliver_v out_o from_o the_o begin_n for_o four_o year_n to_o be_v repay_v by_o 25_o pound_n a_o year_n and_o the_o interest_n it_o follow_v proportionable_o that_o the_o first_o year_n he_o be_v to_o receive_v 27_o pound_n 10_o shilling_n the_o second_o year_n 30_o pound_n the_o three_o year_n 32_o pound_n 10_o shilling_n and_o the_o four_o year_n 35_o pound_n which_o make_v all_o but_o 125_o pound_n add_v unto_o this_o the_o interest_n of_o 25_o pound_n receive_v in_o deduction_n of_o his_o principal_a three_o year_n before_o the_o time_n which_o be_v 7_o pound_n 10_o shilling_n and_o of_o 25_o pound_n more_o in_o like_a manner_n for_o 2_o year_n which_o
rent_n levy_v upon_o the_o city_n of_o paris_n be_v bring_v to_o amount_v unto_o 3_o million_o and_o three_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o thousand_o pound_n tournois_fw-fr yearly_a and_o the_o city_n will_v be_v much_o rich_a if_o there_o be_v a_o house_n as_o at_o genes_n call_v the_o house_n of_o s._n george_n which_o take_v all_o the_o money_n that_o man_n will_v bring_v after_o the_o rate_n of_o 5_o upon_o the_o 100_o and_o do_v deliver_v out_o the_o same_o to_o the_o merchant_n to_o traffic_v therewith_o after_o two_o and_o three_o upon_o the_o hundred_o like_v as_o the_o great_a emperor_n antony_n and_o alexander_n severus_n do_v which_o do_v deliver_v money_n at_o 4_o per_fw-la 100_o and_o augustus_n deliver_v money_n free_o without_o interest_n to_o they_o that_o will_v give_v surety_n to_o restore_v double_a the_o value_n if_o they_o do_v not_o pay_v it_o at_o the_o time_n limit_v by_o these_o mean_v their_o subject_n get_v much_o and_o prince_n be_v not_o drive_v to_o borrow_v or_o to_o pill_v their_o subject_n but_o do_v rather_o diminish_v their_o impost_n and_o so_o he_o conclude_v that_o the_o abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v the_o cause_n partly_o of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n the_o second_o cause_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n namely_o the_o monopoly_n he_o do_v pass_v over_o as_o a_o matter_n not_o considerable_a to_o the_o thing_n entreat_v of_o which_o be_v say_v he_o when_o merchant_n artificer_n or_o laborer_n do_v assemble_v themselves_o to_o set_v a_o price_n upon_o the_o commodity_n or_o their_o handiwork_n with_o the_o augment_v of_o wage_n for_o the_o prevent_n whereof_o he_o commend_v the_o abolish_n of_o their_o fraternity_n or_o company_n procure_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o their_o chancellor_n the_o three_o cause_n of_o the_o dearth_n by_o the_o want_n of_o thing_n come_v to_o pass_v by_o the_o excessive_a trade_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o by_o the_o waist_n thereof_o it_o be_v certain_a say_v he_o that_o we_o have_v our_o corn_n and_o wine_n better_o cheap_a during_o the_o war_n with_o the_o spaniard_n and_o fleming_n then_o after_o the_o war_n when_o the_o trade_n be_v permit_v for_o the_o husbandman_n be_v drive_v to_o sell_v and_o to_o make_v money_n of_o his_o ware_n and_o the_o gentleman_n find_v the_o same_o perishable_a when_o the_o merchant_n dare_v not_o lade_v his_o ship_n bring_v down_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n and_o make_v the_o people_n to_o live_v good_a cheap_a which_o according_a to_o the_o proverb_n france_n can_v never_o be_v famish_v will_v always_o continue_v if_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o stranger_n their_o storehouse_n be_v not_o empty_v the_o spaniard_n do_v buy_v and_o transport_v their_o corn_n before_o it_o be_v ripe_a because_o his_o country_n except_o arragon_n and_o granado_n be_v of_o great_a sterility_n therefore_o have_v the_o corn_n merchant_n great_a privilege_n for_o bring_v corn_n unto_o they_o and_o be_v only_o license_v to_o export_v money_n for_o the_o same_o from_o the_o spaniard_n say_v he_o we_o have_v but_o their_o oil_n and_o spice_n and_o yet_o the_o best_a drug_n come_v unto_o we_o from_o turkey_n and_o barbary_n from_o italy_n we_o have_v their_o allume_n some_o silk_n and_o other_o commodity_n oil_n we_o may_v have_v within_o our_o dominion_n of_o languedock_n and_o provence_n more_o than_o we_o do_v need_v and_o there_o be_v as_o good_a silk_n make_v with_o we_o as_o at_o florence_n and_o genes_n touch_v allume_n if_o we_o will_v cut_v the_o vein_n of_o the_o pireney_n mountain_n we_o shall_v find_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o allume_v and_o copresse_v as_o have_v be_v sufficient_o prove_v whereas_o france_n do_v spend_v far_o above_o the_o value_n of_o one_o million_o thereof_o yearly_a and_o the_o waist_n of_o thing_n be_v incredible_a the_o four_o cause_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n proceed_v from_o the_o pleasure_n of_o prince_n which_o do_v impose_v a_o price_n unto_o the_o thing_n which_o they_o affect_v for_o it_o be_v a_o general_a rule_n in_o state_n matter_n that_o prince_n do_v not_o only_o give_v law_n unto_o their_o subject_n but_o also_o as_o plato_n have_v note_v they_o do_v change_v by_o their_o example_n the_o manner_n of_o man_n to_o which_o purpose_n he_o do_v use_v the_o example_n of_o their_o king_n francis_n the_o first_o who_o be_v hurt_v in_o the_o head_n cause_v his_o hair_n to_o be_v cut_v off_o wherein_o the_o people_n do_v present_o imitate_v he_o as_o follow_v the_o will_n of_o prince_n &_o praise_v that_o which_o they_o do_v commend_v we_o have_v see_v at_o one_o time_n say_v he_o three_o great_a prince_n strive_v as_o it_o be_v who_o shall_v have_v the_o most_o learned_a man_n and_o best_a artificer_n namely_o the_o great_a king_n francis_n the_o first_o henry_n king_n of_o england_n and_o pope_n paul_n the_o three_o in_o such_o sort_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n can_v never_o have_v the_o learned_a and_o reverend_a beda_n and_o the_o french_a king_n do_v pay_v 72_o thousand_o crown_n for_o a_o diamond_n rather_o than_o king_n henry_n shall_v have_v have_v the_o same_o present_o the_o nobility_n and_o the_o people_n do_v give_v themselves_o to_o study_v and_o to_o buy_v precious_a stone_n and_o when_o king_n henry_n begin_v to_o make_v little_a account_n of_o the_o stone_n their_o general_a estimation_n and_o price_n be_v abate_v whereof_o there_o be_v many_o example_n in_o like_a sort_n for_o the_o art_n of_o paint_v the_o prince_n of_o the_o east_n and_o alexander_n the_o great_a have_v bring_v they_o into_o such_o credit_n that_o a_o picture_n of_o venus_n issue_v out_o of_o the_o water_n which_o apelles_n have_v make_v be_v buy_v for_o 60_o thousand_o crown_n alexander_n give_v for_o his_o 200_o talent_n that_o be_v 36_o thousand_o pound_n starling_n apelles_n himself_o make_v no_o difficulty_n to_o buy_v a_o picture_n of_o protogenes_n for_o 50_o thousand_o crown_n conclude_v with_o other_o example_n that_o the_o pleasure_n of_o prince_n make_v thing_n dear_a as_o aforesaid_a and_o so_o return_v to_o the_o waist_n or_o consumption_n of_o thing_n wherein_o their_o example_n be_v also_o imitate_v he_o do_v reprehend_v the_o cut_n of_o silk_n upon_o silk_n or_o any_o other_o stuff_n so_o that_o it_o can_v serve_v but_o once_o for_o one_o person_n which_o cause_v the_o turk_n to_o call_v we_o mad_a man_n and_o further_o he_o find_v fault_n that_o our_o lackey_n and_o servant_n be_v apparel_v therewith_o and_o that_o so_o much_o stuff_n be_v put_v into_o the_o apparel_n disguise_v with_o new_a fangle_a fashion_n the_o proportion_n of_o our_o person_n or_o body_n contrary_a to_o the_o ancient_a modesty_n when_o as_o the_o fashion_n of_o the_o apparel_n will_v many_o time_n cost_v more_o than_o the_o apparel_n itself_o to_o this_o be_v link_v the_o desire_n of_o costly_a household_n stuff_n and_o dainty_a and_o delicate_a fare_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o meat_n and_o drink_v whereof_o he_o allege_v example_n which_o be_v better_a conceal_v then_o speak_v of_o for_o they_o bring_v with_o they_o all_o licentiousness_n and_o excess_n as_o a_o spring_n of_o vice_n of_o the_o calamity_n and_o misery_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n if_o any_o man_n shall_v here_o object_v say_v he_o that_o if_o thing_n do_v still_o become_v dear_a partly_o through_o the_o waist_n and_o partly_o also_o for_o the_o abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n no_o man_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o live_v because_o of_o the_o dearth_n it_o be_v true_a but_o the_o war_n and_o calamity_n happen_v to_o a_o commonwealth_n do_v stay_v the_o course_n hereof_o as_o we_o may_v see_v that_o the_o roman_n have_v live_v with_o great_a scarcity_n and_o to_o speak_v proper_o in_o great_a misery_n almost_o five_o hundred_o year_n when_o they_o have_v but_o copper_n money_n of_o a_o pound_n weight_n and_o without_o stamp_n until_o king_n servius_n and_o they_o make_v no_o silver_n money_n but_o 485_o year_n after_o the_o foundation_n of_o rome_n and_o 62_o year_n after_o they_o make_v money_n of_o gold_n and_o here_o he_o take_v occasion_n to_o compare_v the_o price_n of_o thing_n alter_v during_o the_o government_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o law_n make_v by_o they_o for_o the_o suppress_n of_o abuse_n and_o that_o all_o their_o gold_n and_o silver_n come_v unto_o they_o in_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o year_n by_o the_o spoil_n of_o all_o the_o world_n which_o be_v bring_v to_o rome_n by_o the_o scipion_n paul_n aemylius_fw-la marius_n sylla_n lucullus_n pompey_n and_o caesar_n especial_o by_o the_o two_o last_o for_o pompey_n do_v conquer_v so_o much_o land_n as_o make_v the_o revenue_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o come_v unto_o 8_o million_o and_o one_o half_a of_o crown_n caesar_n notwithstanding_o all_o his_o expense_n &_o prodigality_n bring_v to_o the_o
treasury_n 40_o million_o of_o crown_n have_v give_v at_o one_o time_n unto_o paul_n consul_n 900_o thousand_o crown_n for_o to_o hold_v silence_n and_o unto_o curion_n tribune_n 1500_o thousand_o crown_n to_o take_v his_o part_n mark_v antony_n go_v further_o if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o which_o plutarch_n and_o appian_n have_v write_v for_o he_o give_v unto_o his_o army_n for_o their_o service_n do_v 200_o thousand_o talent_n be_v 120_o million_o of_o crown_n which_o be_v to_o be_v credit_v see_v that_o the_o emperor_n adrian_n for_o to_o have_v the_o goodwill_n of_o 40_o legion_n give_v ten_o million_o of_o crown_n so_o that_o we_o may_v here_o see_v abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n at_o rome_n but_o it_o do_v not_o last_v ever_o for_o in_o less_o than_o 300_o year_n the_o parth_n goth_n hercules_n honger_n and_o other_o cruel_a nation_n do_v overcome_v the_o empire_n &_o all_o italy_n and_o overcome_v the_o roman_n burn_v their_o city_n and_o take_v the_o spoil_n of_o they_o the_o like_a do_v happen_v unto_o all_o commonweal_n to_o wax_v and_o increase_v by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o to_o flourish_v for_o a_o time_n in_o wealth_n and_o power_n and_o afterward_o to_o grow_v old_a and_o decline_v until_o they_o be_v utter_o ruinate_v and_o destroy_v come_v to_o the_o last_o cause_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n by_o the_o alteration_n of_o money_n he_o show_v how_o master_n malestroit_n have_v mistake_v the_o matter_n in_o the_o money_n themselves_o make_v within_o 300_o year_n for_o whereas_o he_o say_v that_o s._n lewis_n cause_v the_o first_o sol_n to_o be_v coin_a worth_n twelve_o denier_n whereof_o 64_o piece_n go_v to_o the_o mark_n and_o that_o in_o philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n his_o time_n the_o crown_n of_o the_o flower-de-luce_n without_o number_n &_o as_o good_a as_o the_o crown_n now_o be_v value_v but_o 20_o sol_n and_o that_o afterward_o king_n john_n cause_v the_o frank_v to_o be_v make_v of_o fine_a gold_n which_o be_v but_o value_v 20_o sol_n and_o that_o the_o sol_n of_o silver_n of_o that_o time_n be_v worth_a five_o of_o our_o sol_n he_o do_v not_o say_v of_o what_o weight_n or_o fineness_n the_o money_n be_v in_o those_o day_n and_o touch_v the_o last_o point_n he_o do_v contradict_v himself_o for_o he_o do_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o old_a crown_n weigh_v three_o penny_n weight_n be_v no_o more_o worth_a than_o 60_o of_o our_o sol_n so_o that_o the_o ancient_a sol_n of_o fine_a silver_n can_v be_v worth_a but_o three_o of_o they_o and_o yet_o the_o frank_n of_o gold_n do_v weigh_v less_o by_o four_o grain_n then_o the_o old_a crown_n and_o be_v no_o better_o in_o fineness_n then_o the_o other_o and_o by_o the_o proclamation_n of_o the_o year_n 1561_o the_o old_a crown_n be_v value_v at_o 60_o sol_n and_o the_o frank_a at_o 50_o sol_n which_o if_o his_o proposition_n be_v true_a and_o that_o it_o be_v five_o sol_n for_o one_o then_o will_v the_o old_a crown_n be_v by_o this_o proportion_n value_v at_o 100_o sol_n and_o the_o frank_a at_o 90_o sol_n and_o if_o master_n malestroit_n say_v he_o do_v take_v his_o comparison_n of_o the_o alteration_n of_o money_n at_o some_o one_o time_n in_o any_o such_o year_n when_o money_n have_v be_v embase_v that_o be_v no_o consequence_n at_o all_o for_o within_o the_o abovesaid_a time_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o money_n be_v once_o so_o base_a in_o allay_n that_o one_o of_o our_o sol_n be_v worth_a 5_o of_o those_o which_o be_v then_o and_o then_o he_o show_v how_o all_o thing_n be_v rate_v for_o their_o custom_n and_o how_o use_v within_o fifty_o or_o sixty_o year_n conclude_v that_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n notwithstanding_o his_o former_a allegation_n be_v not_o alter_v by_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n but_o well_o that_o thing_n be_v grow_v dear_a contrary_a to_o the_o first_o paradox_n of_o master_n malestroit_n and_o that_o be_v the_o first_o point_n which_o he_o be_v to_o prove_v &_o the_o second_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o dearth_n as_o we_o have_v brief_o rehearse_v but_o forasmuch_o say_v he_o as_o some_o great_a personage_n do_v labour_n by_o word_n and_o write_n that_o the_o trade_n shall_v be_v cut_v off_o and_o that_o no_o commodity_n shall_v be_v transport_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n make_v account_n that_o we_o can_v live_v peaceable_o within_o ourselves_o and_o very_o good_a cheap_a without_o give_v or_o receive_v any_o thing_n of_o other_o nation_n he_o do_v reprehend_v they_o and_o show_v that_o they_o have_v need_n of_o the_o stranger_n and_o most_o especial_o of_o the_o traffic_n with_o they_o insomuch_o that_o although_o they_o can_v live_v without_o they_o in_o regard_n of_o commodity_n yet_o charity_n and_o humanity_n will_v we_o to_o maintain_v friendship_n with_o our_o neighbour_n and_o rather_o to_o give_v they_o part_v of_o our_o blessing_n than_o not_o to_o deal_v or_o to_o communicate_v with_o they_o wherein_o the_o roman_n be_v much_o to_o blame_v who_o have_v extend_v their_o power_n from_o the_o west_n unto_o the_o east_n do_v refuse_v to_o take_v under_o their_o government_n some_o nation_n because_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o be_v have_v of_o they_o whereas_o the_o great_a gift_n of_o honour_n that_o god_n give_v unto_o man_n be_v to_o give_v he_o the_o majesty_n to_o command_v and_o to_o do_v justice_n especial_o to_o the_o poor_a not_o be_v instruct_v but_o if_o this_o lesson_n do_v not_o please_v man_n of_o this_o humour_n god_n have_v so_o bestow_v and_o divide_v his_o grace_n and_o blessing_n that_o there_o be_v no_o country_n in_o all_o the_o world_n so_o fruitful_a but_o have_v need_n of_o diverse_a thing_n whereby_o he_o hold_v all_o the_o subject_n of_o his_o commonwealth_n in_o friendship_n or_o at_o the_o least_o do_v hinder_v they_o to_o make_v long_a war_n one_o with_o another_o and_o so_o he_o proceed_v to_o show_v some_o remedy_n to_o the_o cause_n aforesaid_a the_o abundance_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n now_o adays_o more_o than_o in_o time_n past_a must_v partly_o excuse_v the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n say_v he_o add_v further_o touch_v monopoly_n and_o the_o waist_n of_o thing_n that_o in_o vain_a be_v good_a law_n make_v if_o they_o be_v not_o execute_v especial_o if_o the_o king_n do_v not_o cause_v the_o courtier_n to_o observe_v they_o who_o the_o common_a people_n do_v imitate_v whereby_o also_o many_o superfluous_a thing_n may_v be_v avoid_v and_o not_o bring_v into_o the_o realm_n as_o be_v do_v by_o italian_n with_o perfume_n counterfeit_a stone_n and_o such_o trifle_n concern_v the_o excessive_a trade_n of_o some_o commodity_n he_o declare_v that_o as_o the_o thing_n transport_v cause_v the_o like_a to_o grow_v dear_a by_o the_o exportation_n so_o the_o thing_n import_v become_v the_o better_a cheap_a whereof_o he_o except_v the_o trade_n of_o corn_n which_o be_v to_o be_v govern_v more_o wise_o for_o they_o have_v have_v intolerable_a famine_n for_o want_n of_o such_o a_o due_a care_n as_o joseph_n have_v in_o egypt_n the_o mean_a to_o prevent_v the_o same_o be_v to_o have_v many_o public_a storehouse_n in_o several_a place_n make_v provision_n of_o corn_n yearly_a by_o sell_v the_o old_a and_o provide_v new_a in_o place_n touch_v the_o opinion_n of_o those_o that_o will_v have_v the_o vine_n take_v up_o and_o corn_n sow_v in_o the_o place_n or_o at_o the_o least_o to_o command_v that_o no_o vine_n shall_v be_v plant_v hereafter_o the_o husbandman_n do_v with_o reason_n laugh_v they_o to_o scorn_v for_o god_n himself_o do_v so_o direct_a and_o dispose_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n that_o all_o shall_v not_o be_v for_o corn_n or_o all_o wine_n see_v the_o one_o have_v need_n of_o a_o fat_a and_o the_o other_o of_o a_o stony_a ground_n and_o if_o the_o vine_n be_v pull_v up_o we_o shall_v say_v he_o deprive_v france_n of_o one_o of_o the_o great_a riches_n of_o the_o land_n but_o there_o be_v a_o mean_v propound_v by_o those_o that_o have_v understanding_n in_o matter_n of_o impost_n which_o will_v very_o much_o enrich_v the_o realm_n and_o relieve_v the_o common-people_n which_o be_v to_o lay_v part_n of_o the_o ordinary_a charge_n upon_o corn_n wine_n salt_n wood_n linen_n cloth_n and_o draperie_n and_o most_o especial_o upon_o wine_n salt_n and_o corn_n which_o be_v three_o element_n whereupon_o next_o under_o god_n the_o life_n of_o the_o stranger_n depend_v and_o which_o can_v never_o fail_v the_o mine_n of_o the_o north_n and_o of_o the_o indies_n be_v exhaust_v in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o the_o metal_n can_v grow_v again_o but_o our_o spring_n of_o corn_n salt_n &_o wine_n be_v not_o to_o be_v draw_v out_o and_o howsoever_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n do_v hinder_v they_o to_o
do_v send_v unto_o the_o duchess_n while_o her_o husband_n be_v in_o germany_n desire_v she_o to_o value_v the_o angel_n at_o 10_o shilling_n flemish_n but_o he_o can_v not_o obtain_v the_o same_o which_o seem_v very_o strange_a consider_v that_o the_o advance_v of_o the_o price_n of_o money_n do_v cause_n the_o money_n to_o be_v transport_v to_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v advance_v whereby_o all_o the_o angel_n may_v have_v be_v carry_v into_o her_o dominion_n but_o she_o like_o a_o wise_a and_o politic_a duchess_n cause_v the_o matter_n to_o be_v examine_v and_o consider_v of_o send_v man_n skilful_a in_o mint_n cause_n into_o england_n and_o find_v that_o the_o golden_a fleece_n aliâs_fw-la toison_n d'or_fw-la be_v the_o money_n than_o most_o currant_n with_o she_o and_o that_o the_o same_o be_v worth_a both_o in_o regard_n of_o weight_n &_o fineness_n asmuch_o as_o the_o angel_n &_o be_v also_o value_v at_o 9_o shilling_n 7_o penny_n she_o can_v not_o grant_v the_o king_n request_n without_o alter_v also_o her_o money_n unless_o she_o will_v have_v suffer_v the_o english_a merchant_n to_o bring_v angel_n unto_o she_o for_o 10_o shilling_n and_o to_o carry_v away_o the_o golden_a fleece_n for_o 9_o shilling_n 7_o penny_n to_o be_v convert_v into_o angel_n to_o the_o great_a loss_n of_o her_o dominion_n both_o in_o the_o money_n and_o to_o leave_v the_o commodity_n of_o her_o country_n unuent_v so_o long_o as_o there_o be_v a_o gain_n upon_o the_o money_n which_o abate_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n these_o two_o paradox_n be_v thus_o unmask_v be_v easy_o conceive_v of_o any_o man_n of_o judgement_n to_o be_v far_o from_o the_o truth_n and_o therefore_o will_v the_o understanding_n thereof_o be_v account_v a_o matter_n of_o small_a moment_n as_o all_o thing_n else_o be_v when_o they_o be_v know_v like_v unto_o the_o egg_n of_o columbus_n who_o have_v discover_v the_o west_n indies_n and_o hear_v some_o say_v at_o a_o dinner_n that_o if_o he_o have_v not_o do_v it_o another_o might_n and_o will_v call_v for_o a_o egg_n and_o will_v all_o the_o guest_n one_o after_o another_o to_o set_v it_o up_o on_o end_n which_o when_o they_o can_v not_o do_v he_o gentle_o bruise_v the_o one_o end_n of_o it_o do_v make_v it_o flat_a or_o rather_o by_o swing_v do_v break_v the_o yolk_n within_o and_o so_o set_v it_o up_o show_v how_o easy_a it_o be_v to_o do_v that_o which_o a_o man_n have_v see_v do_v before_o he_o now_o let_v we_o examine_v the_o answer_n of_o master_n bodine_n master_n malestroit_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o nothing_o be_v grow_v dear_a in_o three_o hundred_o year_n as_o be_v before_o show_v but_o master_n bodine_n be_v of_o a_o contrary_a opinion_n and_o show_v five_o cause_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n as_o we_o have_v also_o declare_v whereunto_o for_o a_o general_a and_o direct_a answer_n by_o way_n of_o replication_n we_o say_v that_o to_o show_v the_o alteration_n of_o the_o price_n of_o thing_n and_o the_o cause_n thereof_o be_v of_o small_a moment_n the_o true_a ground_n of_o the_o matter_n be_v by_o he_o mistake_v which_o true_a ground_n must_v be_v by_o make_v a_o comparison_n of_o the_o enhaunce_n of_o the_o price_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o one_o country_n with_o the_o price_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o other_o country_n and_o thereby_o to_o find_v out_o whether_o thing_n be_v grow_v dear_a with_o we_o in_o effect_n and_o whether_o we_o pay_v more_o proportionable_o for_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n within_o the_o aforesaid_a time_n of_o three_o hundred_o year_n than_o we_o do_v receive_v for_o the_o price_n of_o our_o home_n commodity_n for_o if_o we_o do_v now_o pay_v more_o for_o corn_n wine_n and_o all_o other_o victual_n and_o sell_v our_o commodity_n for_o more_o than_o we_o be_v wont_a to_o do_v proportionable_o here_o be_v no_o alteration_n in_o effect_n but_o in_o name_n only_o so_o long_o as_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o money_n be_v not_o alter_v in_o property_n but_o if_o we_o sell_v our_o commodity_n dear_a and_o buy_v our_o victual_n dear_a than_o heretofore_o and_o that_o over_o and_o above_o the_o price_n thereof_o we_o must_v pay_v far_o dear_a for_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n then_o proportionable_o the_o price_n of_o our_o commodity_n be_v rise_v this_o cause_v we_o to_o be_v alose_o in_o particular_a and_o bring_v by_o a_o overbalancing_a of_o foreign_a commodity_n with_o our_o home_n commodity_n a_o general_a loss_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n which_o to_o supply_v cause_v we_o to_o make_v up_o the_o inequality_n with_o money_n which_o be_v the_o treasure_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o consideration_n than_o must_v be_v not_o to_o compare_v thing_n within_o themselves_o in_o the_o commonwealth_n where_o we_o do_v live_v but_o between_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n with_o who_o we_o deal_v either_o by_o way_n of_o permutation_n of_o commodity_n for_o commodity_n or_o commodity_n for_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la or_o by_o exchange_n so_o that_o we_o must_v examine_v the_o course_n of_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n which_o be_v the_o three_o simple_n under_o the_o which_o all_o the_o trade_n and_o traffic_n be_v perform_v whereof_o we_o shall_v entreat_v when_o we_o shall_v have_v examine_v the_o matter_n by_o he_o allege_v in_o particular_a the_o five_o cause_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n by_o he_o allege_v be_v to_o be_v distinguish_v according_a to_o our_o form_n observation_n for_o the_o first_o &_o last_o cause_n concern_v plenty_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n may_v be_v cause_n that_o general_o thing_n be_v dear_a but_o the_o other_o three_o touch_v monopoly_n the_o want_n and_o waste_v of_o thing_n and_o the_o pleasure_n of_o prince_n can_v but_o make_v thing_n particular_o dear_a according_a to_o the_o use_n thereof_o wherein_o the_o time_n make_v also_o now_o and_o then_o a_o alteration_n upon_o occasion_n as_o when_o arm_n be_v dear_a in_o time_n of_o war_n then_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n victual_n in_o time_n of_o famine_n wood_n in_o winter_n and_o water_n in_o desert_n place_n and_o such_o like_a see_v then_o that_o plenty_n of_o money_n make_v not_o only_o the_o commodity_n of_o a_o country_n dear_a but_o that_o they_o be_v also_o nerui_fw-la bellorum_fw-la the_o sinew_n of_o war_n every_o prince_n be_v to_o have_v a_o singular_a care_n for_o the_o preservation_n and_o augmentation_n thereof_o especial_o those_o prince_n that_o have_v no_o mine_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n within_o their_o dominion_n or_o such_o as_o have_v have_v they_o and_o be_v now_o without_o they_o the_o gold_n be_v wont_a to_o come_v much_o out_o of_o the_o mountain_n of_o boheme_n and_o river_n of_o pannonia_n and_o swaden_n out_o of_o spain_n there_o be_v wont_a to_o come_v both_o out_o of_o the_o river_n and_o monntaine_n above_o 20_o thousand_o pound_n weight_n yearly_a which_o be_v all_o exhaust_v than_o it_o come_v from_o the_o west_n indies_n first_o from_o santo_n domingo_n and_o other_o place_n where_o it_o do_v also_o cease_v now_o it_o come_v from_o peru_n by_o certain_a million_o which_o will_v also_o take_v a_o end_n the_o silver_n be_v bring_v also_o from_o the_o west_n indies_n and_o be_v much_o find_v in_o germany_n but_o be_v now_o in_o many_o place_n draw_v out_o the_o most_o noble_a king_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v always_o have_v a_o singular_a care_n to_o accumulate_v treasure_n deem_v therefore_o that_o it_o be_v neither_o expedient_a nor_o convenient_a for_o they_o to_o suffer_v the_o transportation_n of_o their_o money_n or_o bullion_n out_o of_o the_o same_o as_o by_o diverse_a act_n of_o parliament_n may_v be_v see_v whereby_o it_o be_v make_v felony_n for_o the_o space_n of_o many_o year_n continue_v william_n the_o conqueror_n cause_v a_o description_n to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o realm_n and_o the_o land_n to_o be_v measure_v reserve_v so_o much_o thereof_o as_o he_o think_v convenient_a for_o the_o crown_n and_o the_o rest_n he_o divide_v among_o his_o baron_n and_o knight_n who_o do_v pay_v he_o therefore_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n whereby_o he_o do_v gather_v a_o treasure_n henry_n the_o second_o succeed_v he_o within_o one_o hundred_o year_n have_v have_v many_o great_a war_n and_o join_v ireland_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n conquer_a also_o scotland_n and_o reduce_v normandy_n and_o other_o place_n in_o france_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o have_v reign_v 35_o year_n have_v never_o cause_v to_o impose_v any_o tribute_n subsidy_n or_o tax_v upon_o his_o subject_n and_o leave_v notwithstanding_o behind_o he_o in_o treasure_n 900_o thousand_o pound_n which_o in_o those_o day_n be_v not_o only_o a_o great_a matter_n the_o west_n indies_n not_o be_v discover_v but_o also_o for_o
sell_v see_v that_o those_o nation_n do_v bring_v their_o own_o commodity_n unto_o our_o merchant_n to_o the_o place_n by_o they_o appoint_v which_o be_v in_o effect_n as_o much_o as_o will_v you_o buy_v and_o will_v not_o this_o be_v will_n you_o buy_v if_o in_o a_o disperse_a and_o straggle_a manner_n our_o cloth_n be_v carry_v to_o all_o market_n be_v yond_o the_o sea_n in_o several_a place_n which_o will_v take_v away_o the_o desire_n of_o buy_v for_o he_o that_o buy_v do_v it_o in_o hope_n of_o sale_n with_o a_o gain_n to_o the_o place_n where_o he_o intend_v to_o carry_v the_o commodity_n which_o commodity_n if_o he_o know_v to_o be_v extant_a in_o most_o place_n to_o be_v vent_v will_v quench_v his_o desire_n of_o buy_v and_o he_o that_o come_v to_o barter_n other_o commodity_n for_o we_o have_v also_o the_o like_a consideration_n but_o let_v we_o admit_v that_o our_o cloth_n will_v be_v advance_v in_o price_n when_o man_n shall_v by_o multitude_n run_v to_o the_o market_n or_o into_o the_o country_n in_o all_o place_n to_o buy_v it_o what_o will_v be_v the_o event_n of_o it_o it_o will_v not_o only_o be_v sell_v beyond_o the_o sea_n with_o a_o small_a gain_n and_o many_o time_n to_o loss_n we_o be_v natural_o incline_v to_o make_v speedy_a return_n but_o we_o shall_v also_o pay_v dear_a for_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n which_o we_o shall_v obtain_v by_o way_n of_o permutation_n or_o for_o the_o bill_n obligatorie_n of_o the_o merchant_n to_o who_o we_o shall_v sell_v our_o cloth_n and_o if_o our_o merchant_n be_v cut_v off_o and_o that_o other_o nation_n shall_v buy_v the_o cloth_n within_o the_o realm_n and_o so_o advance_v the_o price_n thereof_o as_o it_o happen_v most_o common_o in_o france_n and_o spain_n at_o the_o vintage_n time_n with_o their_o wine_n and_o raisin_n then_o foreign_a commodity_n will_v be_v sell_v dear_a unto_o we_o by_o they_o again_o for_o the_o small_a gain_n have_v upon_o our_o home_n commodity_n cause_v we_o and_o will_v cause_v they_o to_o seek_v a_o better_a gain_n upon_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n to_o the_o general_a hurt_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o to_o the_o exhaust_v of_o our_o money_n which_o to_o balance_v the_o matter_n must_v supply_v the_o same_o so_o that_o the_o enhaunce_n of_o the_o price_n of_o cloth_n in_o this_o manner_n will_v be_v but_o a_o imaginary_a gain_n and_o bring_v in_o the_o end_n a_o exceed_a loss_n to_o the_o general_a commonwealth_n who_o welfare_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o any_o particular_a commodity_n of_o any_o member_n thereof_o and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o labourer_n and_o workmen_n wage_n be_v augment_v although_o our_o cloth_n shall_v cost_v so_o much_o the_o dear_a as_o we_o have_v note_v elsewhere_o and_o that_o with_o great_a regard_n the_o poor_a people_n be_v set_v on_o work_n and_o by_o way_n of_o corporation_n their_o handiwork_n be_v vent_v which_o without_o incur_v the_o compass_n of_o monopoly_n be_v very_o commendable_a in_o all_o commonwealth_n and_o use_v in_o many_o country_n last_o that_o the_o statute_n concern_v the_o maintenance_n of_o navigation_n be_v due_o execute_v the_o three_o cause_n say_v master_n bodine_n be_v the_o want_n of_o thing_n proceed_v of_o the_o excessive_a trade_n of_o thing_n or_o by_o the_o waist_n thereof_o touch_v the_o trade_n of_o any_o particular_a commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n we_o may_v well_o pass_v over_o as_o he_o do_v and_o make_v only_o our_o stay_n with_o the_o trade_n for_o corn_n which_o if_o it_o be_v guide_v with_o that_o due_a consideration_n both_o for_o preservation_n and_o transportation_n as_o be_v requisite_a will_v make_v plain_a the_o proverb_n france_n can_v be_v famish_v to_o be_v more_o incident_a and_o proper_a to_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n then_o to_o the_o realm_n of_o france_n because_o that_o proportionable_o we_o have_v more_o fertile_a ground_n for_o corn_n and_o that_o in_o all_o place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n than_o france_n have_v but_o in_o some_o place_n for_o those_o country_n where_o the_o vine_n do_v grow_v be_v unapt_a for_o corn_n and_o must_v have_v their_o provision_n from_o the_o country_n adjacent_a and_o many_o time_n out_o of_o england_n when_o our_o corn_n be_v thither_o transport_v be_v with_o we_o too_o good_a cheap_a in_o regard_n of_o their_o wine_n and_o other_o commodity_n the_o comparison_n whereof_o be_v make_v and_o the_o goodness_n of_o our_o corn_n regard_v will_v make_v manifest_a that_o to_o sell_v our_o wheat_n for_o thirty_o shilling_n the_o quarter_n and_o other_o grain_n after_o the_o rate_n be_v good_a cheap_a and_o that_o the_o prince_n notwithstanding_o may_v impose_v a_o great_a custom_n or_o licence_n for_o the_o transportation_n thereof_o which_o transportation_n may_v be_v do_v moderate_o and_o according_a to_o the_o quantity_n extant_a and_o for_o so_o much_o thereof_o as_o may_v convenient_o be_v spare_v if_o the_o magistrate_n and_o those_o that_o be_v in_o authority_n have_v the_o rule_n of_o the_o market_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o the_o venetian_n have_v who_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o every_o province_n do_v know_v little_a more_o or_o less_o the_o quantity_n of_o corn_n in_o all_o place_n whereupon_o certain_a substantial_a man_n be_v appoint_v from_o time_n to_o time_n to_o have_v a_o consideration_n of_o the_o quantity_n or_o scarcity_n thereof_o which_o quantity_n be_v know_v and_o in_o what_o place_n may_v be_v a_o direction_n to_o those_o that_o be_v in_o authority_n to_o consider_v what_o the_o realm_n may_v spare_v have_v a_o regard_n to_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o make_v the_o price_n according_o and_o when_o the_o price_n of_o corn_n be_v limit_v and_o make_v know_v in_o write_v in_o certain_a public_a place_n on_o every_o monday_n of_o the_o week_n all_o engrosser_n forestaller_n or_o other_o that_o buy_v corn_n to_o sell_v again_o be_v prevent_v because_o that_o the_o price_n thereof_o be_v not_o in_o their_o own_o power_n but_o by_o the_o direction_n of_o those_o honest_a man_n rate_v at_o all_o time_n according_a to_o the_o quantity_n and_o as_o the_o harvest_n be_v distant_a or_o at_o hand_n which_o be_v so_o notify_v unto_o all_o man_n as_o aforesaid_a whereby_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o law_n for_o the_o make_n of_o the_o love_n of_o bread_n be_v due_o observe_v without_o any_o trouble_n unto_o the_o magistrate_n for_o the_o baker_n know_v how_o to_o make_v his_o love_n and_o of_o what_o weight_n deliver_v the_o same_o according_a to_o the_o true_a weight_n by_o those_o man_n appoint_v unto_o any_o man_n that_o do_v call_v for_o it_o which_o the_o poor_a do_v so_o well_o observe_v for_o that_o his_o indigence_n give_v he_o cause_n that_o without_o trouble_v any_o officer_n he_o be_v sure_a to_o have_v his_o pennyworth_n and_o if_o he_o shall_v find_v it_o want_v of_o his_o weight_n present_o with_o the_o assistance_n of_o a_o officer_n as_o it_o be_v the_o constable_n he_o do_v seize_v upon_o all_o the_o baker_n bread_n then_o extant_a and_o take_v the_o one_o moiety_n for_o he_o and_o the_o other_o for_o the_o poor_a of_o the_o hospital_n and_o who_o will_v buy_v corn_n to_o sell_v again_o be_v debar_v not_o to_o sell_v at_o his_o pleasure_n or_o with_o gain_n and_o uncertain_a what_o the_o price_n will_v be_v make_v by_o other_o and_o what_o baker_n be_v he_o that_o will_v make_v his_o loaf_n of_o a_o lesser_a weight_n when_o he_o must_v sell_v they_o by_o weight_n as_o aforesaid_a by_o these_o mean_n be_v corn_n bring_v to_o the_o market_n and_o none_o may_v be_v sell_v but_o in_o the_o market_n and_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o market_n take_v notice_n thereof_o and_o what_o be_v by_o licence_n transport_v be_v do_v upon_o due_a knowledge_n and_o without_o defraud_v the_o prince_n of_o his_o custom_n to_o have_v many_o storehouse_n in_o several_a place_n of_o the_o realm_n in_o the_o principal_a town_n be_v most_o convenient_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o corn_n which_o when_o need_n require_v may_v be_v provide_v from_o foreign_a country_n when_o the_o unseasonable_a time_n cause_v we_o to_o have_v scarcity_n or_o want_n thereof_o notwithstanding_o all_o the_o industry_n and_o care_n of_o man_n concern_v the_o immoderate_a use_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n in_o wear_v and_o waste_v by_o cut_v and_o put_v into_o several_a strange_a new_a fangle_a fashion_n we_o do_v refer_v the_o examination_n thereof_o unto_o those_o that_o have_v authority_n to_o reprehend_v man_n of_o their_o action_n wish_v reformation_n where_o thing_n be_v amiss_o and_o albeit_o that_o gay_a and_o sumptuous_a apparel_n be_v a_o demonstration_n of_o pride_n yet_o a_o country_n clown_n may_v be_v as_o proud_a in_o a_o freeze_n coat_n as_o a_o gentleman_n in_o a_o velvet_n