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which_o be_v less_o than_o the_o exchange_n from_o thence_o will_v yield_v when_o he_o may_v have_v for_o the_o same_o five_o and_o twenty_o in_o the_o hundred_o in_o holland_n here_o in_o a_o obscure_a manner_n he_o observe_v the_o exchange_n from_o spain_n to_o be_v six_o penny_n the_o real_a as_o value_v for_o value_n or_o the_o par_fw-fr in_o exchange_n whereby_o it_o be_v less_o as_o he_o say_v and_o he_o do_v account_v the_o price_n of_o 8._o real_n at_o 51._o stivers_n in_o holland_n and_o the_o rate_n of_o exchange_n at_o 33._o shilling_n 4._o penny_n flemish_n to_o answer_v our_o 20._o shilling_n starlin_n as_o at_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la for_o those_o part_n howbeit_o that_o 42._o shilling_n 6._o penny_n flemish_n pay_v there_o for_o the_o 5._o real_n of_o 8._o make_v 25._o shilling_n 6._o penny_n starlin_n according_a to_o that_o computation_n howsoever_o we_o see_v that_o this_o be_v ground_v upon_o the_o exchange_n which_o be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n thereof_o 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penny_n half_a penny_n or_o thereabouts_o in_o true_a value_n absit_fw-la ignorantia_fw-la whereas_o if_o our_o merchant_n of_o spain_n shall_v give_v the_o say_a price_n there_o in_o exchange_n for_o 42._o stivers_n as_o they_o do_v former_o and_o may_v be_v do_v by_o order_n of_o exchange_n they_o shall_v not_o find_v thereby_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o gain_n which_o they_o can_v make_v here_o more_o certain_a and_o commodious_o whereby_o this_o money_n will_v be_v import_v without_o inhaunce_v of_o our_o coin_n this_o be_v so_o plain_a in_o the_o understanding_n of_o merchant_n that_o there_o need_v no_o other_o explanation_n for_o it_o demonstrate_v manifest_o that_o if_o the_o low_a exchange_n be_v not_o this_o gayne_n will_v prove_v to_o be_v imaginary_a as_o we_o have_v note_v and_o this_o cause_v these_o real_n of_o spain_n to_o be_v divert_v from_o we_o and_o may_v else_o be_v import_v
the_o maintenance_n of_o free_a trade_n according_a to_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o other_o country_n or_o a_o answer_n to_o a_o treatise_n of_o free_a trade_n or_o the_o mean_n to_o make_v trade_n flourish_v late_o publish_v contraria_fw-la iuxta_fw-la se_fw-la posita_fw-la magis_fw-la elucescunt_fw-la by_o gerard_n malynes_n merchant_n london_n print_v by_o i._n l._n for_o william_n sheffard_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o his_o shop_n at_o the_o enter_v in_o of_o pope_n head_n ally_n out_o of_o lombard_n street_n 1622._o to_o the_o most_o high_a and_o mighty_a monarch_n james_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n france_n and_o ireland_n defender_n of_o the_o faith_n etc._n etc._n traffic_n most_o dread_a and_o gracious_a sovereign_n by_o nature_n admirable_a and_o by_o art_n amiable_a be_v the_o sole_a peacible_a instrument_n to_o enrich_v 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vizcount_n maundevile_n lord_n precedent_n of_o your_o majesty_n most_o honourable_a privy_a council_n and_o other_o person_n of_o knowledge_n and_o experience_n among_o who_o although_o unworthy_a myself_o be_v call_v and_o our_o opinion_n be_v certify_v unto_o your_o highness_n for_o the_o consideration_n of_o this_o weighty_a matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n be_v absolute_o to_o be_v submit_v unto_o your_o high_a wisdom_n and_o transcendent_a judgement_n by_o mean_n whereof_o according_a to_o the_o say_n of_o epictetus_n the_o philosopher_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la maximè_fw-la iudicis_fw-la aptare_fw-la vniversalia_fw-la singularibus_fw-la all_o cause_n both_o ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a be_v observe_v discern_v and_o apply_v to_o their_o proper_a and_o determinate_a end_n your_o majesty_n therefore_o may_v be_v please_v to_o vouchsafe_v with_o a_o gracious_a aspect_n the_o read_n of_o this_o small_a treatise_n which_o like_a unto_o the_o little_a fish_n mention_v by_o plutarch_n 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providence_n preserve_v the_o treasure_n of_o king_n and_o commonweal_n worthy_a be_v those_o that_o both_o by_o honest_a and_o lawful_a mean_n can_v preserve_v and_o augment_v they_o but_o worthy_a of_o all_o immortal_a praise_n be_v these_o who_o can_v and_o do_v by_o easy_a just_a and_o politic_a mean_n enrich_v kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n and_o thereby_o fill_v the_o prince_n coffer_n with_o stand_a treasure_n to_o serve_v all_o occasion_n in_o the_o two_o season_n which_o prince_n be_v to_o care_n for_o observe_v by_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n namely_o the_o time_n of_o war_n when_o arm_n be_v necessary_a and_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n more_o fit_v wholesome_a law_n in_o the_o theoric_n part_v of_o which_o study_n i_o have_v these_o forty_o year_n spend_v much_o time_n and_o charge_n at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o great_a personage_n and_o albeit_o nothing_o do_v encounter_v i_o but_o ingratitude_n yet_o my_o constancy_n to_o spend_v the_o remainder_n of_o my_o day_n therein_o in_o hope_n of_o practice_n be_v as_o immovable_a as_o the_o continuance_n of_o my_o daily_a prayer_n to_o the_o great_a jehovah_n to_o multiply_v your_o majesty_n day_n as_o the_o day_n of_o heaven_n london_n the_o 25._o of_o october_n 1622._o your_o majesty_n most_o loyal_a subject_n gerard_n malynes_n the_o maintenance_n of_o free_a trade_n according_a to_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o other_o country_n natural_a mother_n wit_n do_v teach_v man_n before_o art_n or_o science_n be_v invent_v that_o of_o all_o thing_n and_o in_o all_o humane_a action_n the_o beginning_n progress_n continuance_n and_o termination_n opus_fw-la or_o end_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v whereupon_o politician_n or_o statesman_n have_v note_v that_o the_o often_o compare_v of_o a_o thing_n unto_o his_o principle_n or_o original_a produce_v the_o long_a continuance_n show_v by_o digresion_n how_o the_o same_o be_v decay_v and_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o the_o first_o integrity_n and_o goodness_n for_o there_o be_v never_o any_o thing_n by_o the_o wit_n of_o man_n so_o well_o devise_v or_o so_o sure_o establish_v which_o in_o continuance_n of_o time_n have_v not_o be_v corrupt_v the_o consideration_n whereof_o be_v most_o requisite_a in_o the_o reformation_n of_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n as_o a_o matter_n eminent_a for_o the_o good_a and_o welfare_n of_o commonweal_n and_o especial_o for_o england_n quia_fw-la vita_fw-la civilis_fw-la in_o societate_fw-la posita_fw-la est_fw-la societ_fw-la as_o autem_fw-la in_o imperio_fw-la &_o commercio_fw-la according_a to_o this_o rule_n let_v we_o observe_v that_o all_o the_o traffic_n and_o trade_n between_o we_o and_o foreign_a nation_n be_v perform_v under_o three_o simple_n which_o be_v the_o essential_a part_n thereof_o namely_o traffic_n commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n for_o foreign_a part_n which_o may_v 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mensura_fw-la even_o so_o be_v exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n measure_n the_o public_a
to_o the_o say_a merchant_n or_o other_o which_o do_v practice_v upon_o the_o benefit_n of_o money_n to_o be_v make_v between_o the_o exchange_n and_o money_n for_o the_o rule_n be_v infallible_a that_o when_o the_o exchange_n do_v answer_v the_o true_a value_n of_o our_o money_n according_a to_o their_o intrinsicke_a weight_n and_o fineness_n and_o their_o extrinsicke_a valuation_n they_o be_v never_o export_v because_o the_o gayne_n be_v answer_v money_n by_o exchange_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o transportation_n this_o cause_n be_v prevent_v make_v the_o effect_n to_o cease_v and_o this_o be_v engraft_v in_o every_o man_n judgement_n according_a to_o the_o maxim_n often_o note_v heretofore_o sublata_fw-la causa_fw-la tollitur_fw-la effectus_fw-la so_o that_o exchange_n still_o have_v the_o command_n and_o strike_v the_o stroke_n insomuch_o that_o albeit_o the_o price_n thereof_o rise_v and_o fall_v according_a to_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o money_n yet_o money_n be_v overrule_v thereby_o for_o if_o you_o enhance_v the_o coin_n the_o exchange_n do_v control_v it_o and_o rise_v according_o and_o if_o you_o undervalue_v the_o same_o the_o exchange_n in_o like_a manner_n do_v fall_v in_o price_n wherein_o note_v the_o operation_n of_o exchange_n both_o here_o and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o place_n where_o exchange_n run_v upon_o the_o pound_n of_o 20._o shilling_n starlin_n if_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o coin_n be_v beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o exchange_n be_v not_o make_v according_o then_o our_o money_n be_v carry_v out_o if_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o coin_n be_v make_v here_o e_z contra_fw-la money_n will_v be_v import_v but_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n who_o observe_v the_o rule_n of_o exchange_n and_o will_v not_o be_v over-taken_v as_o we_o â—…e_v will_v over-rule_v the_o same_o ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la and_o â—…e_v you_o so_o much_o less_o in_o exchange_n as_o we_o shall_v â—…haunce_v our_o coin_n by_o valuation_n or_o embase_v the_o â—…e_n by_o alloy_n in_o like_a manner_n if_o you_o cry_v â—…wne_v money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n the_o exchange_n â—…ll_v alter_v in_o price_n according_o and_o if_o you_o cry_v â—…wne_v money_n here_o or_o underualue_n they_o by_o â—…me_n the_o exchange_n ought_v to_o rule_v and_o to_o make_v â—…e_a denomination_n according_o in_o price_n and_o still_o â—…maineth_v predominant_a over_o money_n and_o comâ—…odities_n predominant_a for_o even_o as_o commodity_n be_v the_o â—…dy_n of_o traffic_n draw_v unto_o they_o money_n and_o therein_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v active_a yet_o moâ—…y_o be_v the_o right_a judge_n or_o rule_v which_o giâ—…th_v or_o impose_v a_o price_n unto_o commodity_n 〈◊〉_d the_o thing_n active_a and_o commodity_n become_v 〈◊〉_d thing_n passive_a even_o so_o although_o money_n be_v â—…e_a subject_n whereupon_o exchange_n be_v make_v 〈◊〉_d â—…et_o still_o the_o exchange_n be_v make_v to_o rule_v money_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o value_n thereof_o shall_v be_v â—…nswered_v by_o the_o public_a measure_n of_o exchange_n to_o prevent_v all_o abuse_n and_o inconvenience_n ariâ—…ng_v by_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n and_o the_o vaâ—…uation_n of_o money_n in_o exchange_n which_o money_n be_v either_o real_a or_o imaginary_a according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n of_o exchange_n by_o the_o device_n of_o banker_n this_o be_v serious_o observe_v in_o the_o year_n 1576._o by_o diverse_a most_o honourable_a and_o grave_a counselor_n of_o state_n namely_o sir_n nicholâ—…_n bacon_n lord_n keeper_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n sir_n willam_n burghley_n lord_n treasurour_n of_o england_n tâ—…_n mass_o earl_n of_o sussex_n francis_n earl_n of_o bedfoâ—…_n sir_n francis_n knowles_n sir_n james_n croft_n and_o mâ—…_n stir_v secretary_n walsingham_n with_o the_o assistanâ—…_n of_o other_o worthy_a person_n of_o experience_n namâ—…_n lie_v sir_n thomas_n chamberlain_n sir_n thomas_n grâ—…_n ham_n knight_n master_n peter_n osborne_n mastâ—…_n james_n altham_n master_n thomas_n rivet_v and_o mâ—…_n stir_v richard_n martin_n master_n of_o the_o mint_n 〈◊〉_d they_o find_v that_o the_o follow_a inconvenience_n be_v practise_v by_o banker_n or_o exchanger_n for_o thâ—…_n private_a gain_n and_o benefit_n for_o the_o advance_v some_o commonweal_n and_o â—…e_v the_o destruction_n other_o commonweal_n to_o lay_v their_o money_n with_o gain_n in_o any_o place_n of_o the_o world_n where_o exchange_n lie_v exchange_n to_o gain_v and_o wax_v rich_a and_o never_o meddâ—…_n with_o any_o prince_n commodity_n or_o to_o buy_v any_o prince_n commodity_n with_o thâ—…_n subject_n money_n and_o not_o one_o penny_n of_o their_o own_o to_o understand_v whether_o money_n employ_v on_o exchange_n or_o commodity_n be_v more_o profit_n to_o live_v and_o increase_v upon_o every_o prince_n subject_n which_o take_v up_o money_n to_o wind_v out_o every_o prince_n treasure_n out_o of_o his_o realm_n who_o subject_n bring_v in_o more_o ware_n than_o they_o carry_v out_o to_o make_v the_o staple_n of_o money_n run_v where_o the_o rich_a prince_n will_v have_v it_o to_o unfurnish_v the_o poor_a prince_n of_o his_o provision_n of_o money_n in_o war_n to_o furnish_v their_o need_n of_o money_n that_o tarry_v the_o sell_n of_o their_o ware_n or_o commodity_n to_o take_v up_o money_n to_o engross_v any_o commodity_n or_o to_o incorporate_v any_o trade_n to_o hide_v their_o carry_v away_o of_o any_o prince_n money_n to_o fetch_v away_o any_o prince_n fine_a money_n with_o the_o base_a money_n of_o other_o prince_n to_o take_v up_o prince_n base_a money_n and_o turn_v it_o into_o fine_a and_o pay_v the_o party_n with_o his_o own_o to_o get_v all_o merchant_n money_n into_o their_o hand_n and_o gain_v thereby_o and_o pay_v they_o with_o their_o own_o to_o make_v that_o realm_n gain_v of_o all_o other_o realm_n who_o subject_n live_v most_o by_o their_o own_o commodity_n and_o sell_v yearly_o the_o overplus_n into_o the_o world_n and_o both_o occupy_v that_o increase_n yearly_o and_o also_o their_o old_a store_n of_o treasure_n upon_o exchange_n to_o undo_v realm_n and_o prince_n that_o look_v not_o to_o their_o commonwealth_n when_o the_o merchant_n wealth_n in_o such_o and_o the_o great_a house_n of_o one_o country_n conspire_v together_o so_o to_o rule_v th'xchange_n that_o when_o they_o will_v be_v deliverer_n they_o will_v receive_v in_o a_o other_o place_n above_o the_o standard_n of_o the_o mint_n of_o the_o prince_n money_n deliver_v and_o when_o they_o will_v be_v taker_n they_o will_v pay_v the_o same_o in_o a_o other_o place_n under_o the_o standard_n of_o the_o prince_n money_n take_v up_o to_o get_v ready_a money_n to_o buy_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v offer_v cheap_a and_o to_o raise_v the_o price_n of_o ware_n to_o get_v a_o part_n and_o sometime_o all_o his_o gain_n that_o employ_v money_n take_v up_o by_o exchange_n in_o ware_n and_o so_o make_v other_o travel_v for_o their_o gain_n to_o keep_v prince_n from_o have_v any_o custom_n subsidy_n or_o tax_n upon_o their_o money_n as_o they_o employ_v it_o not_o to_o value_v just_o any_o ware_n they_o carry_v into_o any_o country_n by_o set_v they_o at_o a_o value_n as_o the_o money_n that_o buy_v they_o be_v then_o at_o by_o exchange_n in_o the_o country_n whither_o they_o be_v carry_v by_o the_o premise_n we_o may_v see_v of_o what_o importance_n the_o operation_n of_o exchange_n be_v wherein_o the_o endeavour_n of_o sir_n thomas_n gresham_n think_v to_o rule_v the_o exchange_n of_o england_n by_o plenty_n of_o exchequer_n money_n prove_v fruitless_a and_o may_v have_v be_v do_v with_o more_o facility_n by_o direction_n as_o shall_v be_v make_v manifest_a this_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o french_a king_n lewis_n the_o nine_o and_o philip_n the_o fair_a do_v consiscate_v the_o banker_n good_n and_o so_o do_v philip_n dâ—…_n ualois_n who_o indite_v they_o as_o coozener_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o it_o be_v find_v that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n with_o 24._o thousand_o pound_n they_o have_v get_v â—…e_a and_o twenty_o hundred_o thousand_o rep._n pound_n the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n will_v have_v be_v more_o sensible_a of_o the_o like_a loss_n if_o the_o hostile_a depredation_n heretofore_o make_v have_v not_o supply_v the_o same_o notwithstanding_o that_o the_o offer_v of_o queen_n elizabeth_n of_o bless_a memory_n â—…ere_o store_v with_o seven_o hundred_o thousand_o â—…unds_n starlin_n before_o the_o war_n with_o the_o â—…rle_n of_o tyrone_n in_o ireland_n wherein_o more_o than_o â—…uble_v that_o sum_n have_v be_v spend_v as_o i_o find_v 〈◊〉_d the_o account_n for_o this_o disorder_a course_n of_o â—…change_n as_o i_o have_v say_v be_v like_a to_o the_o cruelty_n of_o â—…e_a planet_n saturn_n which_o make_v his_o spheriâ—…ll_n course_n in_o 30._o year_n with_o great_a operation_n â—…d_v it_o be_v not_o many_o year_n less_o since_o i_o have_v obâ—…ued_v this_o inconvenience_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o â—…ealme_n albeit_o envy_n have_v cross_v
prove_v unprofitable_a they_o maintain_v a_o certain_a peace_n and_o assurance_n in_o the_o course_n of_o their_o government_n which_o consist_v thereby_o this_o trade_n of_o the_o hollander_n for_o the_o east-indies_n begin_v upon_o the_o embargo_n make_v in_o spain_n of_o their_o good_n and_o interruption_n of_o their_o trade_n wherein_o they_o do_v associate_v themselves_o with_o the_o german_n to_o disperse_v and_o vent_v their_o say_a india_n commodity_n better_a and_o speedy_a to_o this_o argument_n appertain_v the_o consideration_n of_o the_o trade_n out_o of_o christendom_n maintain_v for_o the_o most_o part_n with_o ready_a money_n as_o for_o turkey_n and_o persia_n wherein_o the_o abundance_n of_o silver_n and_o gold_n come_v into_o europe_n since_o the_o west_n indies_n be_v discover_v be_v to_o be_v note_v which_o have_v make_v every_o thing_n dear_a according_o to_o the_o increase_n of_o money_n which_o like_v unto_o a_o ocean_n divide_v the_o course_n into_o several_a branch_n in_o diverse_a country_n have_v cause_v a_o west-indies_n great_a alteration_n but_o england_n do_v not_o participate_v by_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n a_o proportionable_a competent_a share_n of_o the_o say_a abundance_n of_o money_n as_o other_o nation_n do_v albeit_o not_o many_o year_n since_o we_o have_v more_o money_n then_o in_o time_n past_a before_o the_o say_a discovery_n of_o the_o west_n indies_n but_o we_o must_v now_o measure_v thing_n according_a to_o the_o say_a abundance_n which_o be_v much_o diminish_v by_o the_o continual_a exportation_n of_o money_n for_o the_o east_n indies_n from_o all_o place_n of_o traffic_n the_o five_o cause_n of_o the_o want_n of_o money_n in_o england_n he_o say_v be_v the_o war_n of_o christendom_n â—…irates_n cause_v exportation_n of_o money_n and_o the_o pirate_n hinder_v importation_n of_o money_n the_o latter_a be_v mere_o a_o prevention_n or_o rob_v of_o our_o money_n which_o be_v suppose_v may_v be_v bring_v in_o but_o if_o pirate_n do_v not_o take_v some_o of_o our_o money_n it_o follow_v not_o that_o the_o same_o shall_v come_v unto_o we_o in_fw-la specie_fw-la for_o experience_n by_o the_o example_n of_o the_o spanish_a merchant_n divert_v â—…e_a real_n of_o 8._o from_o we_o for_o gain_n to_o be_v make_v 〈◊〉_d foreign_a part_n prove_v unto_o we_o the_o conâ—…ary_a gayne_n be_v always_o the_o scope_n of_o merâ—…ants_n and_o to_o prove_v that_o this_o gayne_n be_v make_v â—…ally_o only_o by_o the_o abuse_n of_o exchange_n which_o â—…herwise_o will_v be_v but_o imaginary_a we_o have_v â—…ready_o declare_v now_o touch_v the_o exportation_n of_o money_n â—…y_v the_o war_n of_o christian_n where_o he_o declare_v 〈◊〉_d urgent_a instance_n that_o the_o riecks_n doller_n be_v â—…ised_v two_o mark_n lubish_n make_v the_o say_a dolâ—…_n to_o twenty_o mark_n lubish_n in_o many_o plaâ—…s_n of_o germany_n whereby_o abundance_n of_o money_n 〈◊〉_d draw_v unto_o the_o mint_n of_o those_o country_n â—…om_o all_o the_o mine_n and_o part_n of_o christendom_n â—…erein_o he_o be_v much_o mistake_v for_o when_o money_n â—…e_v enhance_v they_o never_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o mint_n mint_n for_o to_o be_v convert_v into_o other_o coin_n â—…ut_o they_o remain_v currant_n between_o man_n and_o â—…an_n run_v like_o a_o post-horse_n every_o man_n â—…aring_v to_o receive_v a_o loss_n by_o the_o fall_n neither_o maâ—…eth_v this_o any_o rule_n for_o merchant_n in_o place_n of_o â—…rade_n otherwise_o then_o that_o they_o may_v take_v â—…nowledge_n of_o the_o public_a valuation_n thereof_o to_o â—…ell_v their_o commodity_n according_o by_o rate_v â—…he_a price_n of_o exchange_n upon_o their_o former_a obserâ—…ation_n which_o be_v neglect_v or_o do_v in_o part_n â—…auseth_v the_o underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o â—…xchange_n and_o this_o be_v the_o immediate_a cause_n by_o â—…im_n first_o allege_v and_o treat_v of_o wherein_o the_o commodity_n be_v no_o more_o active_a then_o tenderdon_n steeple_n in_o kent_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o dover_n haven_n to_o make_v this_o to_o appear_v let_v we_o note_v that_o this_o rieckx_n doller_n be_v the_o main_a and_o most_o usual_a coin_n in_o germany_n eastland_n the_o unite_a 〈◊〉_d reconcile_v country_n under_o both_o governmeâ—…_n and_o many_o other_o place_n be_v value_v at_o 2._o maâ—…_n lubish_n every_o mark_n be_v 16._o shilling_n lubâ—…_n or_o 16._o stivers_n for_o in_o the_o year_n 1575._o the_o 〈◊〉_d doller_n be_v still_o coin_a in_o the_o empire_n for_o 〈◊〉_d stivers_n and_o be_v so_o currant_n by_o valuation_n in_o 〈◊〉_d low_a country_n whereby_o the_o say_a shilling_n lâ—…_n 1575._o and_o the_o stiver_n flemish_n be_v all_o one_o but_o the_o 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o low_a country_n have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o 〈◊〉_d inhaunce_v of_o this_o doller_n which_o be_v brouâ—…_n to_o 35._o stivers_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1586_o to_o 〈◊〉_d stivers_n by_o intermissive_a time_n and_o valuatiâ—…_n howbeit_o at_o stoade_n hamborough_n and_o other_o place_n in_o germany_n the_o say_a doller_n do_v remain_v stâ—…_n at_o 32._o stivers_n or_o two_o mark_n and_o as_o the_o saiâ—…_n doller_n do_v enhance_v in_o price_n so_o do_v they_o coyâ—…_n new_a stivers_n according_o sometime_o lighteâ—…_n weight_n and_o at_o other_o time_n embase_v by_o alloy_n 〈◊〉_d copper_n and_o yet_o in_o account_n the_o stiver_n do_v aâ—…_n do_v remain_v the_o ground_n of_o all_o their_o monyâ—…_n fallacy_n but_o the_o say_v doller_n hold_v his_o standard_n agreeable_a to_o the_o first_o doller_n which_o be_v call_v the_o burgondian_a doller_n with_o the_o cross_n of_o saint_n andrâ—…_n coin_a in_o the_o year_n 1575._o which_o be_v in_o fineneâ—…_n ten_o ounce_n and_o twelve_o penny_n weight_n of_o fiâ—…_n silver_n and_o four_o and_o one_o half_a of_o these_o dollar_n be_v there_o make_v equivalent_a to_o our_o 20._o shilling_n starlin_n as_o a_o public_a measure_n in_o exchange_n beâ—…weene_v we_o and_o the_o low_a country_n germany_n and_o all_o other_o place_n where_o this_o doller_n be_v curâ—…ant_a which_o make_v the_o par_fw-fr or_o price_n of_o exchange_n â—…o_o be_v 24._o of_o their_o shilling_n for_o 20._o shilling_n of_o â—…ours_n according_a to_o which_o computation_n exchange_n be_v make_v always_o above_o that_o price_n both_o here_o and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o stiver_n of_o the_o low_a country_n be_v not_o in_o value_n answerable_a thereunto_o for_o be_v but_o two_o ounce_n 17._o penny_n with_o fine_a their_o 32._o stivers_n for_o the_o say_v doller_n which_o be_v four_o piece_n and_o one_o half_a 144._o stivers_n do_v not_o contain_v so_o much_o fine_a silver_n in_o they_o as_o the_o say_v doller_n proportionable_o but_o there_o want_v above_o 3._o shilling_n flemish_n in_o the_o pound_n of_o 20._o shilling_n starlin_n these_o dollar_n have_v since_o be_v imitate_v and_o make_v by_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a low_a province_n in_o their_o several_a mint_n as_o also_o by_o the_o archduke_n albertus_n in_o the_o reconcile_a province_n and_o the_o price_n of_o they_o at_o hamborough_n stoade_n and_o other_o place_n be_v enhance_v but_o one_o stiver_n that_o be_v to_o say_v at_o thirty_o three_o stivers_n where_o the_o say_v dollar_n go_v in_o the_o low_a country_n by_o valuation_n for_o 45._o stivers_n in_o the_o year_n 1586_o at_o which_o time_n the_o par_fw-fr of_o exchange_n be_v find_v to_o be_v twenty_o four_o shilling_n nine_o penny_n for_o those_o part_n and_o for_o the_o low_a country_n at_o thirty_o three_o shilling_n 4._o penny_n which_o be_v so_o agree_v upon_o to_o our_o disadvantage_n for_o according_a to_o the_o say_a 4â—…_n dollar_n at_o forty_o five_o stiuâ—…rs_n it_o make_v thirty_o three_o shilling_n nine_o penny_n but_o our_o twenty_o shilling_n value_v at_o ten_o stivers_n for_o the_o shilling_n be_v the_o causâ—…_n that_o it_o be_v put_v to_o thirty_o three_o shilling_n fourâ—…_n penny_n myself_o be_v there_o a_o commissioneâ—…_n appoint_v by_o the_o council_n table_n with_o sir_n richard_n martin_n knight_n and_o mounseur_fw-fr ortell_n moâ—…sieur_fw-fr coase_n and_o mounseur_fw-fr valcke_n commissioner_n for_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n this_o doller_n be_v since_o that_o time_n enhance_v tâ—…_n province_n fifty_o two_o stivers_n in_o the_o low_a province_n whicâ—…_n make_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n above_o thirty_o eight_o shilling_n or_o rather_o thirty_o nine_o shilling_n and_o shall_v we_o suffer_v this_o and_o not_o alter_v our_o price_n of_o exchange_n according_o but_o be_v content_v to_o take_v thirty_o four_o shilling_n or_o thirty_o five_o shilling_n and_o after_o that_o rate_n undersell_v all_o the_o commoditis_fw-la of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o suffer_v also_o because_o of_o this_o gain_n our_o money_n to_o be_v export_v the_o real_n of_o 8._o to_o be_v debar_v from_o we_o to_o be_v bring_v in_o and_o carry_v to_o other_o country_n for_o bring_v a_o loss_n to_o the_o importer_n which_o by_o inhaunce_v of_o the_o
price_n of_o our_o exchange_n and_o noâ—…_n by_o inhaunce_v of_o our_o money_n can_v be_v easy_o prevent_v as_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v declare_v this_o doller_n be_v likewise_o since_o that_o time_n more_o enhance_v in_o germany_n from_o time_n to_o time_n and_o germany_n leave_v the_o excessive_a alteration_n in_o remote_a place_n let_v we_o note_v the_o ualuation_n of_o hamborough_n where_o it_o have_v be_v at_o fifty_o four_o stivers_n the_o doller_n which_o make_v the_o exchange_n above_o forty_o shilling_n of_o their_o money_n for_o our_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o although_o we_o have_v raise_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n from_o twenty_o four_o shilling_n nine_o to_o thirty_o five_o shilling_n or_o thereabour_n shall_v we_o rest_v here_o and_o go_v no_o further_o have_v we_o reason_n to_o do_v it_o in_o part_n and_o not_o in_o the_o whole_a according_a to_o justice_n equity_n and_o true_a policy_n and_o shall_v we_o be_v like_o a_o man_n that_o by_o halt_v in_o jest_n become_v same_o in_o earnest_n i_o say_v again_o absitignorantia_fw-la thus_o much_o obiter_fw-la chap._n ii_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n in_o the_o merchandise_n of_o england_n the_o money_n of_o christendom_n which_o have_v their_o ebb_a and_o flow_v do_v show_v their_o operation_n upon_o commodity_n make_v by_o plenty_n the_o price_n thereof_o dear_a or_o by_o scarcity_n better_o cheap_a and_o on_o the_o contrary_a by_o exchange_n we_o find_v that_o plenty_n of_o money_n make_v a_o low_a exchange_n and_o the_o price_n of_o money_n to_o fall_v in_o exchange_n and_o that_o scarcity_n of_o money_n make_v a_o high_a exchange_n and_o the_o price_n to_o rise_v overrule_a both_o the_o price_n of_o money_n and_o commodity_n which_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o great_a exchanger_n or_o bankerer_n cause_v they_o to_o invent_v all_o the_o mean_n to_o compass_v the_o same_o and_o to_o rule_v the_o course_n thereof_o at_o their_o pleasure_n have_v the_o main_a sea_n of_o exchange_n wherein_o the_o exchange_n of_o england_n run_v like_o a_o river_n or_o branch_n and_o be_v overrule_v by_o the_o general_a currant_n which_o may_v be_v prevent_v for_o we_o have_v the_o head_n of_o exchange_n of_o 20._o shilling_n starlin_n for_o the_o place_n where_o most_o of_o our_o commodity_n be_v sell_v which_o will_v command_v all_o the_o part_n &_o member_n of_o the_o body_n of_o traffic_n and_o procure_v plenty_n of_o money_n whereby_o the_o other_o cause_n of_o the_o want_n of_o money_n in_o england_n as_o the_o waste_n of_o the_o treasure_n and_o the_o like_a will_n not_o be_v so_o sensible_a as_o â—…ow_v they_o be_v especial_o when_o needful_a commodity_n of_o trade_n shall_v be_v import_v from_o some_o plaâ—…es_n which_o shall_v supply_v as_o in_o time_n past_a the_o exportation_n of_o much_o money_n when_o the_o commodity_n of_o russia_n be_v tallow_n wax_v hides_n retransport_v trade_n into_o france_n and_o spain_n do_v by_o exchange_n furnish_v the_o realm_n with_o wine_n corint_n raisin_n and_o the_o like_a commodity_n the_o want_n of_o money_n there_o be_v the_o first_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n for_o without_o money_n commodity_n be_v out_o of_o request_n and_o when_o they_o fall_v again_o into_o permutation_n or_o barter_n traffic_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o necessity_n of_o merchant_n which_o â—…endeth_v to_o the_o destruction_n of_o one_o commonweal_n and_o to_o the_o enrich_n of_o a_o other_o and_o this_o be_v effect_v by_o the_o exchange_n as_o the_o grave_n and_o wise_a counsellor_n of_o state_n before_o mention_v have_v very_o well_o observe_v whereof_o aristotle_n and_o seneca_n can_v take_v no_o notice_n in_o the_o infancy_n of_o traffic_n which_o make_v i_o to_o forbear_v to_o allege_v their_o opinion_n and_o definition_n howbeit_o commercium_fw-la be_v quasi_fw-la commutatio_fw-la mercium_fw-la which_o the_o say_a author_n will_v turn_v again_o by_o a_o change_n of_o 21._o ware_n for_o ware_n and_o not_o money_n for_o ware_n no_o marvel_n therefore_o that_o he_o do_v invert_v thing_n and_o run_v into_o a_o labyrinth_n without_o distinction_n between_o the_o thing_n active_a and_o the_o passive_a by_o approve_v money_n to_o be_v the_o rule_n and_o square_v whereby_o thing_n receive_v estimation_n and_o price_n and_o yet_o commend_v the_o commutation_n before_o money_n be_v devise_v to_o be_v coin_a aristotle_n say_v that_o action_n and_o passion_n be_v mere_o relative_n and_o that_o they_o differ_v no_o more_o 3._o than_o the_o way_n from_o thebes_n to_o athens_n and_o from_o athens_n to_o thebes_n we_o will_v therefore_o leave_v this_o merchant_n to_o walk_v between_o both_o until_o he_o can_v discern_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o and_o then_o he_o shall_v find_v that_o as_o the_o liver_n money_n do_v minister_v spirit_n to_o the_o heart_n commodity_n and_o the_o heart_n to_o the_o brain_n exchange_n so_o do_v the_o brain_n exchange_v minister_v to_o the_o whole_a microcosm_n or_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o traffic_n let_v the_o heart_n therefore_o by_o the_o liver_n receive_v his_o tincture_v chilus_fw-la by_o his_o own_o mouth_n and_o stomach_n and_o the_o blood_n full_a of_o spirit_n shall_v fill_v all_o the_o ueine_n and_o supply_v the_o want_n of_o money_n the_o easy_a course_n and_o recourse_n of_o who_o exchange_n shall_v bring_v all_o thing_n in_o time_n and_o serve_v all_o man_n turn_n for_o even_o as_o there_o be_v two_o course_n observe_v of_o the_o sun_n the_o one_o annual_a and_o the_o other_o by_o daily_a declination_n rise_v and_o go_v under_o even_o so_o must_v we_o observe_v in_o exchange_n two_o course_n the_o one_o according_a to_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la or_o value_n for_o value_n the_o other_o rise_v and_o fall_v from_o time_n to_o time_n as_o we_o have_v already_o declare_v the_o second_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n say_v he_o be_v usury_n meaning_n usury_n politic_a wherein_o he_o trade_n be_v prevent_v to_o speak_v because_o of_o a_o treatise_n make_v against_o usury_n by_o a_o unknown_a author_n and_o present_v to_o the_o last_o parliament_n for_o who_o he_o take_v great_a care_n that_o he_o be_v not_o abuse_v as_o virgil_n be_v by_o proclaim_v too_o late_o hos_fw-la ego_fw-la versiculos_fw-la feci_fw-la tulit_fw-la alter_fw-la honores_fw-la true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o say_a author_n do_v not_o attribute_n unto_o himself_o the_o make_v of_o verse_n but_o take_v the_o whole_a substance_n of_o his_o discourse_n out_o of_o other_o man_n view_n work_n publish_v above_o twenty_o year_n since_o turpe_fw-la est_fw-la doctori_fw-la dum_fw-la culpa_fw-la redarguit_fw-la ipsum_fw-la cato_n usury_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n be_v so_o inherent_a and_o do_v proper_o grow_v with_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n as_o pasturage_n do_v increase_v with_o the_o decrease_n of_o tilling_n albeit_o in_o some_o respect_n trade_n be_v increase_v by_o money_n deliver_v at_o use_n or_o interest_n upon_o occasion_n when_o the_o usurer_n be_v glad_a to_o find_v a_o taker_n up_o of_o his_o money_n and_o do_v course_n pray_v he_o to_o do_v the_o same_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o abundance_n of_o money_n which_o make_v the_o price_n of_o usury_n to_o fall_v more_o than_o any_o law_n or_o proclamation_n can_v ever_o do_v so_o that_o to_o abate_v the_o rate_n of_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o to_o eight_o as_o the_o say_a tract_n against_o usury_n will_v have_v have_v the_o parliament_n to_o do_v will_n be_v effect_v of_o course_n which_o always_o have_v the_o great_a command_n this_o do_v also_o much_o prevent_v that_o the_o rule_n of_o concord_n and_o equality_n be_v not_o so_o soon_o break_v and_o overthrow_v in_o commonweal_n some_o grow_v very_o rich_a and_o other_o extreme_a poor_a not_o able_a to_o live_v in_o their_o vocation_n the_o most_o pregnant_a cause_n of_o discord_n cause_v many_o time_n civil_a war_n as_o cornelius_n tacitus_n have_v note_v and_o appear_v in_o another_o treatise_n where_o the_o operation_n engâ—…and_n of_o usury_n be_v describe_v the_o bite_a usury_n &_o intolerable_a extortion_n commit_v by_o certain_a uncharitable_a man_n common_o call_v broker_n for_o pawn_n be_v not_o to_o be_v touch_v in_o a_o word_n for_o this_o be_v the_o only_a the_o remarkable_a sin_n i_o mean_v extortion_n &_o oppression_n for_o which_o the_o first_o world_n be_v drown_v which_o feed_v upon_o the_o sweat_n &_o blood_n of_o the_o mere_a merchanicall_a poor_a take_v 40_o 50._o 60._o &_o 100_o upon_o the_o 100_o by_o the_o year_n beside_o bili_fw-la money_n and_o for_o feiture_n of_o the_o pawn_n when_o charitable_a person_n have_v offer_v above_o 20_o year_n since_o to_o give_v large_o and_o to_o lend_v money_n gratis_o as_o also_o after_o 10._o in_o the_o 100_o to_o supply_v by_o way_n of_o pawn-house_n by_o some_o call_v lombard_n the_o need_n and_o occasion_n of_o the_o â—…2_n poor_a &_o mechanic_a people_n the_o neglect_n
whereof_o show_v that_o our_o heart_n be_v overfrozen_a with_o the_o ice_n of_o uncharitableness_n which_o otherwise_o can_v not_o have_v so_o long_o continue_v for_o it_o provoke_v god_n anger_n against_o we_o in_o the_o high_a degree_n if_o these_o man_n have_v be_v jew_n i_o may_v have_v bestow_v some_o hebrew_n upon_o they_o in_o detestation_n of_o the_o word_n neshech_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o kind_n of_o bite_a as_o a_o dog_n use_v to_o bite_v &_o gnaw_v upon_o a_o bone_n otherwise_o to_o use_v many_o language_n in_o a_o little_a treatise_n of_o free_a trade_n may_v seem_v impertinent_a the_o three_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n he_o say_v be_v trade_n the_o litigious_a law_n suit_n which_o as_o one_o way_n they_o increase_v by_o scarcity_n of_o money_n which_o compel_v man_n to_o stand_v out_o in_o law_n for_o a_o time_n when_o they_o can_v pay_v until_o they_o receive_v so_o another_o way_n when_o money_n be_v plentiful_a man_n care_v the_o less_o for_o money_n &_o pride_n cause_v they_o to_o spend_v &_o to_o go_v to_o law_n for_o every_o trifle_n dispute_v delana_n caprina_fw-la true_a it_o be_v that_o this_o law_n warfare_n interrupt_v trade_n but_o to_o make_v the_o same_o to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n i_o can_v altogether_o agree_v thereunto_o but_o rather_o to_o the_o remedy_n which_o shall_v be_v hereafter_o declare_v albeit_o many_o man_n be_v vex_v imprison_a &_o overthrow_v have_v spend_v their_o time_n &_o mean_n in_o law_n which_o may_v have_v be_v employ_v in_o trade_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n &_o their_o own_o quietness_n i_o do_v likewise_o omit_v to_o entreat_v of_o transportation_n of_o ordnance_n &_o munition_n heretofore_o permit_v mention_v by_o the_o say_a author_n &_o now_o prevent_v in_o some_o sort_n neither_o be_v england_n in_o the_o year_n 1588._o in_o such_o great_a distress_n to_o be_v term_v in_o articulo_fw-la 75._o temporis_fw-la when_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n do_v provide_v from_o hambrough_n a_o ship_n lade_n with_o powder_n and_o shot_n as_o parcel_n of_o their_o duty_n to_o assist_v the_o kingdom_n by_o god_n only_o preserve_v the_o four_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n or_o trade_n to_o speak_v proper_o neglect_v of_o trade_n be_v the_o admitting_z of_o foreign_a nation_n to_o fish_v in_o his_o majesty_n stream_n and_o dominion_n without_o pay_v any_o thing_n for_o the_o same_o whereby_o their_o navigation_n be_v wonderful_o increase_v their_o mariner_n multiply_v and_o their_o country_n enrich_v with_o the_o continual_a labour_n of_o the_o people_n of_o all_o sort_n both_o impotent_a and_o lame_a which_o be_v set_v on_o work_n and_o get_v their_o live_n concern_v this_o fish_n trade_n there_o have_v be_v a_o continual_a agitation_n above_o 30._o year_n to_o make_v buss_n and_o fisher-boat_n but_o the_o action_n be_v still_o interrupt_v because_o other_o nation_n do_v find_v too_o great_a favour_n and_o friend_n here_o to_o divert_v all_o the_o good_a intention_n and_o endeavour_n of_o such_o as_o with_o the_o author_n of_o this_o discourse_n have_v employ_v their_o time_n and_o good_a mean_n therein_o for_o the_o merchant_n aduenturour_n the_o company_n of_o merchant_n trade_n in_o russia_n and_o the_o east-land_n merchant_n do_v also_o oppose_v themselves_o against_o it_o at_o the_o council_n table_n and_o do_v allege_v the_o reason_n follow_v 1._o the_o infringe_n of_o their_o privilege_n here_o and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n england_n 2._o the_o interloopers_n advantage_n to_o interrupt_v their_o trade_n under_o colour_n hereof_o 3._o the_o want_n of_o mean_n to_o make_v return_v both_o for_o fish_n and_o cloth_n also_o 4._o the_o inhaunce_n of_o the_o price_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n 5._o the_o preoccupy_v of_o money_n to_o the_o hindrance_n of_o cloth_n 6._o the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o joint_a stock_n of_o the_o russia_n company_n 7._o the_o encouragement_n of_o stranger_n hereupon_o to_o make_v a_o contract_n with_o the_o russian_a emperor_n 8._o the_o discouragement_n to_o undertake_v new_a discovery_n 9_o the_o defray_v of_o the_o charge_n of_o ambassador_n and_o other_o extraordinary_a charge_n for_o honour_n of_o the_o state_n 10._o the_o plenty_n of_o fish_n which_o those_o country_n have_v from_o time_n to_o time_n and_o some_o other_o reason_n so_o that_o in_o conclusion_n england_n by_o their_o say_n can_v maintain_v the_o sea_n trade_n and_o the_o land_n trade_n together_o neither_o do_v they_o make_v account_n to_o make_v return_n in_o money_n know_v that_o they_o shall_v lose_v more_o thereby_o then_o by_o the_o exchange_n of_o those_o country_n or_o by_o commodity_n and_o albeit_o that_o all_o the_o premise_n may_v be_v moderate_v without_o hindrance_n to_o the_o say_a company_n nevertheless_o such_o be_v the_o condition_n of_o some_o merchant_n not_o understand_v the_o mystery_n of_o exchange_n and_o overrule_a other_o by_o their_o order_n of_o antiquity_n in_o their_o society_n that_o neither_o reason_n or_o experience_n can_v prevail_v insomuch_o that_o whereas_o other_o prince_n take_v their_o duty_n of_o other_o nation_n for_o fish_v and_o fish_n themselves_o also_o by_o their_o subject_n yet_o england_n can_v resolve_v to_o do_v the_o like_a or_o at_o least_o take_v order_n for_o the_o say_a duty_n in_o russia_n many_o league_n from_o the_o main_n fisherman_n fish_v do_v pay_v great_a tax_n to_o the_o emperor_n of_o russia_n and_o in_o most_o place_n other_o nation_n be_v prohibit_v to_o fish_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n do_v the_o like_a and_o take_v great_a tribute_n both_o at_o ward-house_n and_o the_o sound_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n in_o like_a manner_n and_o the_o say_a king_n of_o denmark_n now_o for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n all_o the_o border_v prince_n of_o italy_n do_v take_v tax_n upon_o fish_n within_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n the_o like_a tax_n be_v take_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o medina_n sidonia_n for_o tunny_n in_o the_o spanish_a sea_n the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n do_v take_v a_o imposition_n upon_o fish_n which_o be_v take_v within_o the_o stream_n and_o dominion_n of_o other_o prince_n the_o hollander_n do_v allow_v the_o ten_o fish_n both_o in_o russia_n lappia_n and_o other_o place_n or_o pay_v a_o composition_n for_o the_o same_o as_o also_o moreover_o a_o tribute_n in_o the_o sound_n for_o passage_n to_o fetch_v the_o say_a fish_n and_o of_o my_o own_o knowledge_n i_o be_o assure_v they_o will_v willing_o have_v pay_v the_o same_o unto_o england_n or_o a_o good_a composition_n for_o it_o have_v not_o the_o greedy_a lucre_n of_o some_o person_n hinder_v the_o same_o these_o exemplary_a action_n have_v long_o determine_v dominion_n the_o question_n of_o mare_fw-la liberum_fw-la touch_v the_o community_n or_o freedom_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v so_o for_o navigation_n without_o that_o the_o same_o do_v any_o manner_n of_o way_n prejudice_n the_o distinct_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o all_o prince_n concern_v fish_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o fish_n trade_n so_o that_o it_o be_v superfluous_a to_o allege_v the_o opinion_n of_o orator_n and_o poet_n about_o the_o fish_n heretofore_o in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n neither_o do_v it_o belong_v to_o this_o place_n to_o cite_v the_o determination_n of_o the_o learned_a civilian_n which_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o treatise_n de_fw-fr dominio_fw-la maris_fw-la for_o the_o matter_n have_v be_v learned_o handle_v at_o the_o council_n board_n before_o the_o grave_a senator_n many_o year_n since_o by_o our_o civilian_n and_o other_o which_o to_o avoid_v prolixity_n i_o do_v omit_v now_o from_o the_o fish_n we_o be_v come_v to_o clothe_v or_o drapery_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o trade_n abuse_n thereof_o as_o the_o fist_n cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n wherein_o to_o use_v many_o distinction_n of_o the_o new_a and_o old_a drapery_n unless_o it_o be_v to_o reduce_v matter_n in_o statu_fw-la quo_fw-la prius_fw-la shall_v be_v needless_a and_o although_o the_o dress_n and_o die_v of_o cloth_n be_v insist_v upon_o to_o be_v do_v in_o england_n in_o the_o year_n 1616._o to_o establish_v the_o manufacture_n within_o the_o realm_n at_o which_o time_n 64._o thousand_o clothes_n be_v export_v which_o be_v afterward_o revoke_v i_o can_v omit_v to_o observe_v the_o practice_n which_o be_v use_v by_o combination_n with_o other_o nation_n abroad_o and_o domestic_a intelligence_n aâ—…_n home_n whereby_o many_o good_a action_n be_v oâ—…rowne_v to_o the_o general_a hurt_n and_o with_o little_a advancement_n to_o the_o particular_a it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o drapery_n of_o foreign_a nation_n not_o only_o the_o make_n of_o cloth_n in_o the_o low_a country_n but_o oâ—…_n late_a yeereâ—…_n in_o italy_n and_o spain_n also_o the_o trade_n of_o cloth_n 〈◊〉_d
much_o less_o can_v a_o lesser_a number_n with_o lesser_a ability_n manage_v a_o great_a trade_n in_o most_o troublesome_a time_n especial_o if_o they_o have_v borrow_v 50._o or_o 60._o thousand_o pound_n at_o use_n for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o company_n and_o thereby_o engage_v the_o trade_n and_o set_v themselves_o in_o debt_n which_o cause_v many_o of_o the_o best_a merchant_n aduenturour_n to_o give_v over_o trade_n and_o be_v become_v purchaser_n or_o lender_n of_o money_n at_o interest_n many_o other_o of_o they_o have_v engage_v themselves_o in_o the_o east_n indian_a company_n which_o do_v carry_v away_o their_o money_n and_o leave_v the_o cloth_n this_o small_a number_n to_o manage_v so_o great_a a_o trade_n cloth_n incourage_v the_o clothier_n to_o adventure_v to_o make_v false_a cloth_n because_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o so_o few_o merchant_n can_v search_v and_o visit_v every_o cloth_n as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v do_v and_o the_o clothier_n conscience_n be_v satisfy_v for_o he_o say_v that_o the_o false_a cloth_n be_v answerable_a to_o the_o best_a price_n because_o none_o may_v export_v but_o they_o and_o therefore_o they_o will_v give_v what_o price_n they_o please_v for_o this_o deceitful_a cloth_n have_v cause_v great_a jar_n and_o difference_n between_o the_o english_a merchant_n and_o the_o foreign_a nation_n for_o tare_n or_o rebatement_n and_o the_o general_a report_n of_o the_o falseness_n of_o english_a manufacture_n have_v cause_v a_o wonderful_a decay_n of_o the_o sale_n thereof_o the_o trade_n thus_o limit_v to_o a_o small_a number_n of_o a_o company_n reside_v for_o the_o most_o part_n at_o london_n be_v a_o general_a prejudice_n to_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n which_o though_o it_o have_v make_v london_n rich_a it_o have_v make_v all_o the_o port_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n poor_a for_o it_o enforce_v needless_a and_o chargeable_a carriage_n and_o recarriage_n of_o diverse_a commodity_n whereby_o they_o be_v endear_v unto_o we_o and_o it_o hinder_v all_o the_o port_n be_v the_o wall_n of_o the_o kingdom_n from_o have_v either_o foreign_a or_o domestic_a commodity_n bring_v unto_o they_o at_o the_o best_a hand_n which_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v almost_o desolate_a and_o forsake_a and_o it_o hinder_v the_o clothier_n and_o new_a draper_n which_o dwell_v in_o remote_a part_n from_o sell_v their_o cloth_n and_o stuff_v at_o their_o next_o adjoin_v port_n for_o how_o can_v they_o sell_v when_o there_o be_v no_o merchant_n it_o cause_v all_o chapman_n to_o give_v poor_a and_o faint_a price_n for_o wool_n because_o when_o it_o be_v indrape_v it_o may_v not_o more_o free_o be_v export_v to_o the_o best_a advantage_n so_o that_o the_o grower_n be_v hinder_v in_o the_o price_n of_o his_o wool_n for_o every_o loss_n and_o prejudice_n that_o come_v upon_o cloth_n and_o the_o clothier_n another_o do_v fall_v upon_o the_o wool_n and_o the_o wool_n grower_n and_o the_o clothier_n say_v he_o be_v prevent_v of_o his_o best_a chapman_n for_o his_o cloth_n for_o that_o merchant_n stranger_n or_o other_o english_a merchant_n can_v work_v upon_o the_o advantage_n of_o market_n and_o the_o clothier_n necessity_n which_o beat_v down_o the_o price_n of_o cloth_n the_o price_n of_o cloth_n beat_v down_o the_o price_n of_o wool_n the_o price_n of_o wool_n beat_v down_o the_o price_n of_o land_n which_o can_v be_v improve_v and_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v free_o take_v in_o barter_n for_o the_o return_v of_o our_o home_n commodity_n when_o money_n nor_o bullion_n can_v be_v import_v as_o have_v be_v declare_v so_o that_o the_o hammer_n at_o the_o mint_n where_o the_o pulse_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n shall_v be_v feel_v be_v the_o life_n and_o move_v and_o it_o be_v come_v to_o such_o extremity_n with_o the_o eastland_n merchant_n that_o they_o can_v vent_v their_o cloth_n in_o barter_n of_o other_o ware_n to_o make_v return_v and_o by_o money_n their_o loss_n will_v be_v incredible_a shall_v this_o be_v proclaim_v a_o free_a trade_n when_o within_o ourselves_o we_o be_v in_o bondage_n and_o have_v lose_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o two_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n namely_o the_o rule_n of_o money_n and_o exchange_n let_v every_o man_n judge_v to_o say_v nothing_o of_o the_o dependence_n of_o trade_n as_o the_o increase_n of_o navigation_n and_o navigator_n when_o merchant_n heretofore_o have_v more_o freedom_n and_o the_o port_n be_v furnish_v and_o frequent_v with_o great_a store_n of_o ship_v which_o although_o they_o be_v but_o small_a of_o burden_n yet_o every_o one_o have_v their_o several_a pilot_n and_o mariner_n which_o do_v daily_o supply_v the_o land_n with_o plenty_n of_o seaman_n the_o merchant_n stapler_n have_v observe_v that_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n have_v a_o inevitable_a opportunity_n of_o combination_n to_o set_v what_o price_n they_o please_v upon_o cloth_n to_o the_o clothier_n of_o wool_n to_o the_o grower_n and_o of_o all_o commodity_n export_v and_o import_v and_o likewise_o to_o lay_v what_o private_a imposition_n they_o please_v upon_o any_o of_o the_o say_a commodity_n so_o that_o whether_o they_o do_v well_o or_o ill_o for_o the_o commonweal_n there_o can_v be_v no_o apparent_a trial_n for_o have_v power_n to_o bar_v all_o other_o from_o trade_n but_o themselves_o they_o be_v like_o a_o commodity_n weigh_v in_o a_o balance_n that_o have_v but_o one_o end_n where_o there_o can_v be_v no_o counterpoise_n and_o then_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v great_a weight_n although_o it_o be_v never_o so_o light_a so_o that_o this_o engross_n of_o trade_n into_o few_o man_n trade_n hand_n have_v cause_v our_o home_n trade_n to_o decay_v our_o manufacture_n to_o decrease_v and_o our_o homebred_a commodity_n to_o lie_v upon_o our_o hand_n unsold_a or_o to_o be_v sell_v at_o a_o low_a price_n to_o the_o utter_a undo_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o poor_a people_n in_o england_n and_o the_o great_a damage_n of_o all_o his_o majesty_n love_a subject_n and_o while_o our_o merchant_n hinder_v one_o another_o from_o trade_n other_o nation_n increase_v their_o own_o manufacture_n and_o enlarge_v their_o trade_n not_o only_o for_o the_o say_a country_n of_o high_a and_o low_a germany_n but_o also_o for_o russia_n eastland_n poland_n and_o other_o place_n for_o the_o make_n of_o good_a and_o true_a cloth_n many_o excellent_a law_n have_v be_v make_v and_o enact_v especial_o in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o majesty_n happy_a reign_n whereupon_o i_o have_v heretofore_o make_v a_o demonstration_n which_o be_v exhibit_v to_o the_o right_n honourable_a the_o lord_n of_o the_o privy_a council_n show_v the_o weight_n length_n and_o breadth_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o clothes_n and_o that_o weight_n and_o measure_n do_v control_v each_o other_o whereby_o the_o merchant_n that_o buy_v the_o cloth_n may_v be_v enable_v to_o find_v out_o the_o fraud_n and_o deceit_n of_o the_o clothier_n but_o this_o shall_v be_v do_v before_o the_o sell_n of_o they_o and_o that_o by_o honest_a officer_n or_o magistrate_n according_a to_o the_o say_a act_n whereof_o our_o great_a book_n now_o under_o merchant_n the_o press_n entitle_v lex_n mercatoria_fw-la or_o the_o law_n merchant_n do_v entreat_v of_o more_o particular_o the_o eight_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n be_v th'exportation_n imposition_n of_o the_o material_n of_o wool_n and_o wooll-fells_a from_o the_o seacoast_n of_o england_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n and_o the_o custom_n and_o imposition_n lay_v upon_o clothes_n at_o home_n and_o abroad_o in_o other_o country_n especial_o the_o great_a imposition_n in_o the_o low_a unite_a province_n call_v consumption_n money_n pay_v by_o the_o retail_n of_o cloth_n or_o drapery_n only_o upon_o our_o english_a clothes_n and_o not_o upon_o cloth_n in_o those_o part_n whereby_o their_o cloth_n be_v more_o vent_v and_o english_a cloth_n in_o less_o request_n touch_v the_o exportation_n of_o material_n there_o be_v a_o provident_a order_n take_v to_o prevent_v the_o same_o in_o england_n by_o a_o late_a direction_n and_o proclamation_n prohibit_v the_o exportation_n of_o wool_n wooll-fells_a wool-yearne_n fuller_n earth_n and_o woodash_n and_o the_o like_a will_v be_v do_v in_o scotland_n and_o for_o the_o better_a execution_n there_o be_v a_o committie_n appoint_v of_o certain_a select_a discreet_a person_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n the_o nine_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n be_v bankrupt_n the_o war_n in_o christendom_n as_o also_o in_o other_o country_n out_o of_o the_o same_o where_o our_o cloth_n and_o manufacture_n have_v be_v transport_v increase_v by_o the_o daily_a loss_n sustain_v by_o pirate_n and_o continual_a break_n of_o merchant_n and_o tradesman_n all_o which_o be_v mere_o heterocliton_n or_o opposite_a to_o traffic_n and_o they_o concur_v all_o in_o nature_n to_o the_o interruption_n and_o overthrow_v
of_o trade_n and_o this_o can_v never_o be_v divert_v prevent_v nor_o remedy_v by_o sell_v our_o clothes_n or_o manufacture_n cheap_a to_o undersell_v other_o nation_n who_o meet_v with_o the_o say_a hindrance_n and_o interruption_n as_o well_o as_o we_o do_v in_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o clothes_n make_v by_o they_o but_o time_n and_o quietness_n must_v be_v expect_v in_o some_o measure_n the_o price_n of_o wool_n be_v fall_v from_o 33._o shilling_n the_o todde_n to_o 18._o shilling_n and_o under_o disimpron_v the_o revenue_n of_o land_n can_v never_o increase_v trade_n but_o impoverish_v the_o kingdom_n and_o all_o land_a man_n aristotle_n say_v that_o riches_n be_v either_o natural_a or_o artificial_a the_o natural_a riches_n as_o land_n vine_n forest_n meadow_n etc._n etc._n the_o artificial_a as_o money_n gold_n silver_n cloth_n and_o all_o thing_n metalline_a or_o mineral_n and_o manufacture_n proceed_v of_o the_o natural_a riches_n and_o as_o both_o these_o do_v receive_v their_o price_n and_o estimation_n by_o money_n as_o the_o rule_n and_o square_v so_o reason_n require_v a_o certain_a equality_n between_o they_o in_o the_o estimation_n of_o the_o value_n thereof_o which_o daily_o decrease_v by_o abate_v the_o price_n of_o our_o commodity_n and_o for_o the_o want_n of_o money_n wherein_o some_o unskilful_a merchant_n be_v much_o to_o be_v blame_v in_o make_v inconsiderate_a barter_v for_o our_o clothes_n barter_v beyond_o the_o sea_n want_v vent_n and_o be_v by_o the_o abuse_n of_o exchange_n deprive_v to_o import_v money_n and_o bullione_n to_o conclude_v this_o point_n let_v we_o remember_v that_o the_o protection_n of_o prince_n in_o war_n and_o against_o the_o pirate_n be_v to_o be_v maintain_v to_o prevent_v the_o decay_n of_o trade_n the_o ten_o and_o last_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n ware_n be_v the_o immoderate_a use_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n and_o the_o less_o use_n of_o our_o home_n commodity_n for_o albeit_o that_o by_o the_o superfluity_n of_o our_o native_a commodity_n trade_n be_v procure_v yet_o if_o that_o superfluity_n do_v abound_v so_o that_o thereby_o the_o price_n of_o it_o become_v abate_v then_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v more_o use_v and_o wear_v come_v in_o the_o lieu_n thereof_o and_o be_v advance_v which_o bring_v a_o evident_a overballance_v of_o commodity_n this_o cause_v some_o state_n man_n in_o france_n to_o invent_v mean_n how_o the_o trade_n may_v be_v cut_v off_o and_o that_o no_o commodity_n shall_v be_v transport_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n make_v account_n that_o they_o can_v live_v peaceable_o within_o themselves_o and_o very_o good_a cheap_a without_o give_v or_o receive_v any_o thing_n of_o other_o nation_n this_o be_v much_o contradict_v by_o mounseur_fw-fr bodine_n the_o great_a politician_n of_o france_n as_o be_v note_v in_o england_n view_n who_o show_v that_o they_o have_v need_n of_o the_o stranger_n and_o most_o especial_o of_o the_o traffic_n with_o they_o insomuch_o that_o although_o they_o can_v have_v live_v without_o they_o in_o regard_n of_o commodity_n yet_o charity_n humanity_n and_o policy_n will_v we_o to_o maintain_v friendship_n with_o our_o neighbour_n and_o rather_o to_o give_v they_o part_v of_o our_o blessing_n than_o not_o to_o deal_v or_o communicate_v with_o they_o true_a it_o be_v that_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v that_o if_o any_o kingdom_n under_o the_o sun_n can_v subsist_v of_o itself_o none_o have_v more_o cause_n of_o thanksgiving_n unto_o god_n than_o the_o kingdom_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o ireland_n so_o rich_o replenish_v with_o all_o thing_n serve_v ad_fw-la victum_fw-la &_o vestitum_fw-la for_o the_o back_n and_o belly_n as_o we_o term_v it_o not_o only_o for_o our_o own_o maintenance_n but_o also_o for_o the_o supply_n of_o other_o but_o god_n cause_v nature_n to_o distribute_v her_o benefit_n or_o his_o blessing_n to_o several_a climate_n supply_v the_o barrenness_n of_o some_o thing_n in_o one_o country_n with_o the_o fruitfulness_n and_o store_n of_o other_o country_n to_o the_o end_n that_o interchangeable_o one_o commonweal_n shall_v live_v with_o a_o other_o and_o therefore_o be_v traffic_n and_o trade_n so_o much_o to_o be_v maintain_v and_o defend_v wherein_o all_o manner_n of_o rashness_n in_o the_o sale_n of_o ware_n be_v to_o be_v avoid_v but_o by_o policy_n to_o be_v prevent_v and_o uphold_v according_a to_o the_o sertorij_fw-la policy_n of_o that_o valiant_a captain_n sertorius_n who_o do_v prefer_v the_o same_o before_o strength_n by_o set_v the_o feeble_a soldier_n to_o pull_v out_o the_o horse_n tail_n which_o the_o mightiestman_n of_o his_o camp_n can_v not_o effect_v use_v violence_n when_o the_o feeble_a man_n do_v perform_v the_o same_o by_o pull_v out_o the_o hair_n by_o little_a and_o little_a merchant_n can_v use_v the_o like_a policy_n when_o they_o want_v not_o money_n and_o do_v expect_v a_o convenient_a time_n to_o sell_v their_o clothes_n with_o reputation_n chap._n iii_o of_o govern_v trade_n and_o therein_o of_o monopoly_n hitherto_o say_v the_o say_a author_n the_o matter_n of_o trade_n have_v be_v consider_v in_o money_n and_o merchandise_n and_o the_o exchange_n of_o money_n be_v pass_v over_o by_o he_o as_o a_o matter_n not_o worthy_a the_o consideration_n money_n indeed_o it_o be_v good_a for_o he_o to_o sail_v between_o the_o two_o rock_n of_o scylla_n and_o charybdis_n without_o further_a adventure_n and_o not_o to_o suffer_v shipwreck_n upon_o the_o dangerous_a rock_n of_o exchange_n but_o diverse_a merchant_n have_v much_o distaste_v that_o a_o man_n of_o their_o profession_n shall_v neglect_v one_o of_o the_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n and_o the_o most_o operative_a in_o trade_n be_v the_o only_a measure_n between_o we_o and_o foreign_a nation_n without_o which_o all_o his_o discourse_n be_v without_o rhyme_n or_o reason_n so_o that_o he_o can_v find_v any_o parity_n nor_o purity_n in_o exchange_n like_v unto_o a_o sick_a body_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o bitterness_n of_o his_o tongue_n can_v not_o relish_v mounseur_fw-fr bodine_n say_v that_o when_o a_o man_n be_v note_v to_o be_v of_o experience_n and_o to_o understand_v matter_n wherein_o he_o be_v surpass_v other_o the_o proverb_n be_v il_fw-fr entendle_n par_fw-fr he_o do_v understand_v his_o par_fw-fr or_o equality_n which_o can_v be_v apply_v unto_o he_o that_o do_v not_o understand_v the_o matter_n of_o exchange_n for_o all_o his_o argument_n be_v frame_v between_o commodity_n and_o money_n from_o whence_o this_o syllogism_n may_v be_v draw_v against_o he_o to_o maintain_v the_o underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la nothing_o cause_v merchant_n to_o export_v more_o money_n out_o of_o the_o realm_n than_o they_o bring_v in_o but_o only_o the_o bring_n in_o of_o more_o commodity_n into_o the_o realm_n than_o they_o carry_v out_o the_o underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n cause_v no_o more_o commodity_n to_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o realm_n then_o be_v carry_v out_o ergo_fw-la the_o underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n cause_v not_o more_o money_n to_o be_v carry_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n then_o be_v bring_v in_o but_o leave_v this_o shall_v breed_v a_o dilemma_n let_v we_o examine_v his_o word_n concern_v exchange_n it_o be_v not_o the_o rate_n of_o exchange_n but_o the_o value_n of_o 104._o money_n here_o low_a elsewhere_o high_a which_o cause_v their_o exportation_n nor_o do_v the_o exchange_n but_o the_o proteron_fw-gr plenty_n and_o scarcity_n of_o money_n cause_v their_o value_n there_o be_v three_o way_n to_o dissolve_v a_o argument_n argument_n denial_n retort_a and_o distinction_n denial_n be_v too_o hostile_a savour_v more_o of_o obstinacy_n then_o of_o art_n retorsion_n be_v more_o witty_a then_o profitable_a but_o distinction_n be_v like_a to_o mature_a remedy_n compare_v to_o purge_n which_o cleanse_v and_o feed_v now_o the_o say_a author_n take_v the_o course_n of_o denial_n and_o prove_v nothing_o if_o money_n be_v here_o low_a and_o elsewhere_o high_a how_o be_v this_o know_v but_o by_o the_o valuation_n of_o exchange_n money_n consider_v the_o diversity_n of_o money_n of_o several_a standard_n wherein_o the_o exchange_n be_v like_a to_o the_o assay_v whereby_o the_o fineness_n of_o silver_n and_o gold_n be_v know_v ground_v upon_o the_o quantity_n which_o the_o exchange_n require_v according_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o fine_a silver_n and_o gold_n contain_v in_o the_o money_n of_o each_o country_n which_o be_v the_o intrinsicke_a value_n and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o extrinsicke_a valuation_n which_o be_v alter_v by_o denomination_n for_o the_o name_n of_o a_o thing_n do_v not_o alter_v the_o value_n really_n but_o the_o substance_n do_v it_o if_o it_o be_v alter_v much_o less_o do_v plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o money_n cause_n their_o value_n it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n and_o property_n of_o money_n the_o public_a measure_n
first_o in_o the_o 11._o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o custos_fw-la cambij_fw-la infra_fw-la turrim_n which_o be_v both_o put_v into_o one_o man_n hand_n by_o a_o law_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o k._n henry_n the_o six_o so_o that_o all_o the_o precedent_a mean_n have_v be_v find_v defective_a &_o fruitless_a as_o more_o particular_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o diverse_a record_n and_o observation_n the_o copy_n whereof_o be_v in_o my_o custody_n to_o do_v his_o majesty_n all_o dutiful_a and_o acceptable_a service_n here_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o the_o statute_n of_o employment_n to_o be_v defective_a appear_v more_o manifest_o at_o this_o time_n when_o merchant_n as_o well_o english_a as_o stranger_n have_v a_o ability_n give_v employment_n they_o by_o exchange_n to_o take_v up_o money_n here_o and_o to_o deliver_v a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o it_o payable_a beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o can_v send_v over_o that_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la and_o become_v a_o great_a gayner_n thereby_o insomuch_o that_o if_o i_o receive_v here_o one_o hundred_o piece_n of_o 20_o shilling_n i_o can_v send_v 90_o piece_n to_o pay_v my_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o put_v 10_o piece_n in_o my_o pocket_n for_o a_o overplus_n and_o gain_n the_o like_a may_v be_v do_v by_o make_v over_o money_n from_o beyond_o the_o sea_n to_o be_v pay_v here_o by_o exchange_n which_o be_v receive_v i_o can_v transport_v with_o 15._o upon_o the_o hundred_o gain_v in_o two_o month_n and_o less_o advance_v thereby_o a_o hundred_o upon_o the_o hundred_o in_o a_o year_n which_o exceed_v all_o the_o benefit_n to_o be_v make_v by_o commodity_n wherewith_o i_o need_v not_o to_o intermeddle_v neither_o can_v the_o say_a statute_n b_o e_o any_o help_n herein_o to_o anoide_v the_o same_o concern_v money_n which_o do_v consist_v of_o valuation_n weight_n fineness_n &_o valuation_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v but_o material_n and_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o bullion_n but_o ualuation_n be_v the_o spirit_n which_o give_v life_n this_o ualuation_n be_v twofold_a the_o one_o by_o the_o public_a authority_n of_o king_n and_o prince_n the_o other_o by_o the_o merchant_n in_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n and_o this_o be_v predominant_a and_o over-ruleth_a the_o king_n ualuation_n for_o when_o the_o king_n have_v value_v the_o shilling_n piece_n of_o starlin_n money_n at_o 12_o penny_n they_o do_v underualue_n the_o same_o at_o 11_o penny_n half_a penny_n or_o 11_o penny_n which_o underualuation_n cause_v the_o continual_a exportation_n of_o our_o money_n and_o be_v the_o hindrance_n of_o importation_n of_o money_n and_o bullion_n as_o we_o have_v so_o often_o inculcate_v to_o make_v the_o motive_n strong_a to_o produce_v a_o sufficient_a remedy_n as_o follow_v chap._n v._n of_o the_o remedy_n for_o all_o the_o former_a cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n have_v hitherto_o observe_v the_o method_n of_o the_o say_a author_n in_o part_n of_o his_o distribution_n in_o the_o matter_n and_o form_n of_o trade_n and_o therein_o show_v very_o great_a deformity_n i_o be_o now_o to_o apply_v the_o true_a remedy_n likewise_o in_o order_n according_a to_o the_o cause_n allege_v which_o be_v note_v by_o i_o to_o be_v ten_o in_o number_n the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o transportation_n of_o our_o money_n money_n be_v gain_n and_o this_o gain_n arise_v by_o the_o underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o inhaunce_n and_o overvaluation_n of_o foreign_a coin_n so_o that_o the_o cause_n be_v extrinsike_n &_o comprise_v under_o the_o say_a exchange_n of_o money_n and_o not_o intinsicke_a in_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o the_o coin_n which_o be_v consider_v in_o the_o course_n of_o true_a exchange_n between_o we_o and_o foreign_a nation_n and_o thereupon_o it_o follow_v that_o neither_o difference_n of_o weight_n fineness_n of_o standard_n proportion_n between_o gold_n and_o silver_n or_o the_o proper_a valuation_n of_o money_n can_v be_v any_o true_a cause_n of_o the_o exportation_n of_o our_o money_n so_o long_o as_o a_o due_a course_n be_v hold_v in_o exchange_n which_o be_v found_v thereupon_o hence_o arise_v the_o facility_n of_o the_o remedy_n by_o the_o reformation_n of_o exchange_n in_o cause_v the_o value_n of_o our_o money_n to_o be_v give_v in_o exchange_n which_o cut_v off_o the_o say_a gain_n have_v by_o the_o say_a exportation_n and_o cause_v in_o effect_n that_o the_o foreign_a coin_n beyond_o the_o sea_n shall_v not_o be_v receive_v above_o the_o value_n although_o the_o inhaunce_v thereof_o or_o the_o embase_v by_o allay_n be_v alter_v continual_o for_o take_v away_o the_o cause_n gayne_n and_o the_o effect_n will_v cease_v all_o man_n of_o common_a understanding_n when_o they_o do_v hear_v of_o the_o raise_n of_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v ready_a to_o say_v we_o must_v do_v the_o like_a for_o they_o conceive_v the_o say_n of_o cato_n tu_fw-la quoque_fw-la fac_fw-la simile_n sic_fw-la ars_fw-la deluditur_fw-la arte_fw-la to_o be_v a_o proper_a application_n hereunto_o but_o they_o do_v not_o enter_v into_o consideration_n what_o alteration_n it_o will_v bring_v to_o the_o state_n and_o that_o the_o matter_n may_v run_v ad_fw-la infinitum_fw-la as_o shall_v be_v declare_v but_o let_v we_o suppose_v that_o this_o will_v be_v a_o sufficient_a remedy_n to_o enhance_v our_o money_n as_o they_o do_v they_o to_o embase_v our_o coin_n as_o they_o do_v they_o and_o to_o imitate_v overualuation_n and_o underualuation_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o they_o do_v require_v a_o continual_a labour_n charge_n and_o innovation_n be_v it_o not_o a_o excellent_a thing_n that_o all_o this_o can_v be_v do_v by_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n with_o great_a facility_n and_o that_o without_o inhaunce_v of_o our_o money_n at_o home_n or_o meddle_v with_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o the_o starlin_n standard_n this_o be_v to_o be_v do_v only_o by_o his_o majesty_n proclamation_n wealth_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n of_o exchange_n prohibit_v that_o after_o three_o month_n next_o ensue_v the_o same_o no_o man_n shall_v make_v any_o exchange_n by_o bill_n or_o otherwise_o for_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v in_o foreign_a part_n or_o to_o be_v rechange_v towards_o this_o realm_n under_o the_o true_a par_fw-fr or_o value_n for_o value_n of_o our_o money_n and_o the_o money_n of_o other_o country_n in_o weight_n and_o fineness_n but_o at_o the_o say_a rate_n or_o above_o the_o same_o as_o merchant_n can_v agree_v but_o never_o under_o the_o say_a rate_n which_o shall_v be_v declare_v in_o a_o pair_n of_o table_n public_o to_o be_v see_v upon_o the_o royal_a exchange_n in_o london_n according_a to_o the_o say_a proclamation_n and_o the_o say_a table_n shall_v be_v alter_v in_o price_n as_o occasion_n shall_v be_v minister_v beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o general_a respective_a place_n of_o exchange_n either_o by_o their_o inhaunce_n of_o money_n by_o valuation_n or_o by_o embase_v of_o the_o same_o by_o alloy_n which_o by_o a_o vigilant_a eye_n may_v be_v observe_v and_o will_v be_v a_o cause_n to_o make_v other_o nation_n more_o constant_a in_o the_o course_n of_o their_o money_n and_o this_o will_v be_v execute_v more_o of_o course_n then_o by_o authority_n because_o gain_n do_v bear_v sway_n and_o command_v with_o most_o man_n the_o facility_n hereof_o put_v i_o in_o mind_n of_o the_o geometrical_a axiom_n or_o maxim_n observe_v in_o commendation_n of_o the_o invention_n of_o round_a wheel_n cirâ—…ulus_fw-la tangit_fw-la planum_fw-la unico_fw-la puncto_fw-la axiom_n as_o a_o reason_n to_o draw_v and_o carry_v load_v with_o a_o small_a strength_n whereas_o if_o they_o have_v be_v make_v square_a or_o in_o any_o other_o poly-angle_n and_o proportion_n forty_o horse_n will_v not_o so_o easy_o draw_v they_o be_v lade_v as_o two_o do_v now_o both_o with_o speed_n and_o ease_n unto_o which_o this_o remedy_n may_v be_v apt_o compare_v which_o in_o a_o manner_n comprehend_v all_o the_o other_o remedy_n for_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n be_v here_o the_o deliverer_n of_o money_n general_o will_v easy_o be_v induce_v to_o make_v the_o most_o of_o his_o own_o receive_v by_o exchange_n more_o for_o the_o same_o beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o english_a merchant_n be_v the_o taker_n of_o the_o say_a money_n will_v not_o be_v so_o injurious_a to_o the_o state_n as_o to_o give_v less_o beyond_o the_o sea_n than_o the_o value_n of_o the_o money_n of_o the_o realm_n in_o exchange_n contrary_a to_o the_o say_a proclamation_n and_o if_o he_o will_v the_o deliverer_n will_v not_o let_v he_o have_v it_o beside_o that_o the_o taker_n occasion_n be_v enforce_v by_o necessity_n and_o he_o can_v be_v no_o loser_n for_o by_o this_o direction_n he_o will_v sell_v his_o commodity_n beyond_o the_o sea_n according_o english_a merchant_n
material_n serve_v for_o the_o make_n of_o cloth_n the_o rule_n also_o to_o the_o describe_v for_o the_o true_a make_n of_o cloth_n wherein_o the_o say_a author_n have_v be_v a_o good_a observer_n may_v be_v with_o a_o vigilant-eye_n of_o the_o officer_n to_o be_v employ_v therein_o by_o the_o corporation_n and_o the_o increase_n of_o merchant_n to_o manage_v trade_n a_o remedy_n to_o the_o seven_o cause_n as_o also_o to_o the_o eight_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n but_o the_o six_o cause_n concern_v the_o policy_n cause_n of_o merchant_n be_v not_o to_o be_v omit_v who_o order_n already_o make_v and_o hereafter_o to_o be_v make_v may_v be_v think_v convenient_a to_o be_v survey_v by_o a_o commttie_n who_o upon_o complaint_n of_o the_o party_n grieve_v in_o all_o society_n may_v take_v order_n by_o way_n of_o approbation_n or_o denial_n to_o execute_v thing_n for_o the_o general_a good_a and_o not_o for_o the_o particular_a as_o i_o have_v note_v in_o all_o this_o discourse_n so_o that_o other_o merchant_n upon_o reasonable_a consideration_n may_v be_v admit_v upon_o this_o especial_a occasion_n to_o be_v of_o the_o say_a society_n or_o company_n for_o otherwise_o it_o may_v seem_v somewhat_o dissonant_n from_o reason_n to_o prohibit_v all_o merchant_n aswell_o english_a as_o stranger_n to_o bring_v in_o any_o of_o the_o commodity_n of_o turkey_n or_o of_o the_o levant_n and_o now_o late_o from_o eastland_n and_o those_o country_n unless_o they_o be_v free_a of_o the_o say_a company_n but_o to_o prohibit_v the_o importation_n of_o commodity_n in_o stranger_n bottomes_n concur_v with_o the_o law_n the_o nine_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n consist_v cause_n of_o the_o interruption_n thereof_o by_o war_n pirate_n and_o bankerupt_v i_o have_v partly_o handle_v in_o the_o five_o cause_n and_o although_o decay_a man_n be_v find_v at_o all_o time_n yet_o the_o want_n of_o money_n have_v cause_v diverse_a merchant_n and_o tradesman_n to_o break_v who_o may_v have_v maintain_v then_o credit_n but_o that_o be_v out_o of_o their_o money_n and_o the_o money_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n make_v they_o to_o go_v out_o of_o their_o credit_n for_o necessitas_fw-la parit_fw-la turpia_fw-la the_o remedy_n hereof_o do_v most_o depend_v upon_o plenty_n of_o money_n or_o mean_n in_o the_o lieu_n of_o money_n as_o the_o set_n over_o of_o bill_n of_o debt_n before_o speak_v of_o for_o the_o statute_n against_o bankerupt_v can_v produce_v any_o great_a effect_n but_o be_v a_o mean_a to_o undo_v the_o party_n for_o ever_o if_o it_o do_v depend_v long_o upon_o he_o contrary_a to_o the_o intention_n thereof_o for_o whereas_o all_o such_o as_o be_v creditor_n aught_o to_o come_v in_o within_o four_o month_n to_o take_v their_o part_n of_o what_o may_v appear_v of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o bankrupt_a to_o be_v examine_v by_o all_o lawful_a mean_n the_o same_o be_v protract_v for_o ten_o twenty_o and_o more_o month_n and_o all_o those_o that_o come_v in_o the_o say_a iâ—…erim_n be_v admit_v with_o the_o former_a and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o estate_n be_v spend_v in_o charge_n this_o may_v be_v remedy_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o chancery_n to_o the_o commissioner_n appoint_v for_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n the_o remedy_n to_o the_o last_o and_o ten_o cause_n of_o cause_n the_o decay_n of_o trade_n be_v the_o immoderate_a use_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n do_v as_o i_o have_v show_v before_o consist_v partly_o by_o the_o abundance_n of_o those_o commodity_n import_v by_o the_o abuse_n of_o exchange_n and_o partly_o by_o the_o wear_n of_o those_o commodity_n affect_v by_o the_o vulgar_a sort_n or_o common_a people_n mounseur_fw-fr bodine_n do_v observe_v with_o plato_n that_o as_o the_o prince_n be_v so_o be_v the_o subject_n who_o by_o imitation_n follow_v his_o example_n which_o soon_o enter_v into_o their_o eye_n then_o into_o their_o ear_n and_o the_o great_a their_o authority_n be_v the_o more_o affectionate_a be_v their_o imitation_n alexander_n cast_v his_o head_n aside_o and_o all_o the_o court_n hold_v their_o neck_n awry_o denis_n be_v purblind_a and_o his_o courtier_n stumble_v at_o every_o step_n and_o justle_v each_o other_o as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v evil_o sight_v and_o so_o of_o other_o prince_n in_o their_o apparel_n precious_a stone_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v make_v to_o be_v the_o fashion_n hence_o the_o proverb_n take_v beginning_n country_n fashion_n country_n honour_n and_o the_o effect_n hereof_o be_v many_o time_n great_a than_o the_o law_n can_v bring_v to_o pass_v unless_o it_o be_v upon_o some_o remarkable_a occasion_n as_o the_o late_a command_n may_v prove_v for_o the_o wear_n of_o black_n at_o funeral_n in_o cloth_n and_o stuff_v make_v of_o english_a wool_n within_o the_o realm_n here_o i_o have_v omit_v to_o speak_v of_o custom_n imposition_n public_a and_o secret_a lay_v upon_o commodity_n especial_o upon_o cloth_n both_o here_o and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n because_o the_o same_o require_v great_a consideration_n and_o the_o abolish_n thereof_o be_v once_o lay_v on_o will_v hardly_o be_v bring_v about_o unless_o it_o be_v with_o the_o consent_n of_o both_o party_n where_o the_o one_o have_v provoke_v the_o other_o to_o impose_v they_o for_o a_o conclusion_n therefore_o let_v we_o note_v that_o all_o the_o say_a cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n in_o england_n be_v almost_o all_o of_o they_o comprise_v in_o one_o which_o be_v the_o want_n of_o money_n whereof_o we_o find_v the_o abuse_n of_o exchange_n to_o be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n which_o make_v we_o to_o find_v out_o so_o easy_a remedy_n whereby_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v enjoy_v all_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n under_o good_a and_o politic_a government_n which_o will_v be_v free_a trade_n effectual_o or_o in_o deed_n and_o this_o will_v also_o be_v admirable_a in_o the_o eye_n of_o other_o prince_n find_v his_o majesty_n wisdom_n to_o be_v transcendent_a in_o govern_v of_o his_o own_o which_o by_o so_o many_o sending_n and_o remission_n of_o ambassador_n unto_o foreign_a prince_n and_o state_n by_o his_o noble_a predecessor_n can_v never_o be_v effect_v as_o by_o diverse_a record_n appear_v albeit_o there_o be_v nothing_o require_v of_o they_o but_o what_o do_v stand_v with_o the_o rule_n of_o equality_n and_o equity_n which_o can_v err_v but_o velut_fw-la ariadnae_n caeca_fw-la regens_fw-la filo_fw-la vestigia_fw-la non_fw-la modo_fw-la nos_fw-la errare_fw-la non_fw-la sinit_fw-la sed_fw-la etiam_fw-la efficit_fw-la ut_fw-la aberrantes_fw-la in_o rectam_fw-la viam_fw-la deducamur_fw-la soli_fw-la deo_fw-la gloria_fw-la finis_fw-la finis_fw-la corcnat_fw-la opus_fw-la three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n commodity_n money_n exchange_n money_n and_o exchange_n two_o public_a measure_n the_o general_a to_o be_v prefer_v etc._n etc._n observation_n surpass_v the_o study_n of_o merchant_n parens_fw-la patrâ—…_n exchange_n active_a money_n and_o commodity_n passive_a the_o ship_n of_o traffic_n take_v for_o the_o whole_a trade_n magnes_fw-la stone_n the_o index_n of_o a_o dial_n active_a war_n and_o the_o policy_n of_o prince_n like_o two_o whale_n deâ—…ouring_v trade_n canker_n of_o england_n commonwealth_n and_o england_n view_n pag._n 8._o vnderualution_n of_o the_o king_n coin_n the_o 1._o cause_n a_o imaginary_a gain_n make_v real_a of_o our_o own_o mean_n vnderualuation_n of_o money_n in_o exchange_n the_o rule_n of_o exchange_n exclude_v the_o gain_n to_o be_v have_v by_o money_n exchange_n be_v still_o predominant_a admirable_a feat_n to_o be_v do_v by_o exchange_n queen_n elizabeth_n lend_v money_n out_o of_o the_o exchequer_n bodin_n de_fw-fr rep._n the_o canker_n of_o england_n commonwealth_n the_o second_o cause_n the_o superfluity_n of_o plate_n etc._n etc._n the_o state_n of_o a_o prince_n consist_v as_o much_o by_o reputation_n as_o by_o strength_n england_n view_n exchange_v the_o scope_n of_o gaiâ—…_n the_o three_o cause_n the_o consumption_n of_o foreign_a ware_n the_o canker_n etc._n etc._n cause_n of_o the_o overballance_a of_o commodity_n english_a merchant_n bereave_v of_o the_o 2._o essential_a part_n of_o trade_n a_o ingenious_a praâ—…ise_n of_o exâ—…hange_n our_o commodity_n fall_v overmuch_o in_o price_n french_a wine_n dear_a by_o exchange_n the_o immoderate_a use_n of_o tobacco_n the_o four_o cause_n the_o want_n of_o the_o east-indie_n stock_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o table_n herodot_n in_o clâ—…o_n a_o discourse_n of_o the_o east-india_n trade_n by_o t._n m._n the_o loss_n have_v by_o exchange_n yearly_a be_v great_a than_o the_o east_n indie_n stock_n yearly_a employ_v a_o discourse_n of_o their_o eastindie_a trade_n the_o ocean_n of_o money_n from_o the_o west-indies_n the_o five_o â—…ause_n the_o â—…arres_n of_o â—…irates_n money_n enhance_v never_o carry_v to_o the_o mint_n a_o shilling_n lubish_n and_o stiver_n flemish_n all_o one_o in_o the_o year_n 1575._o a_o great_a fallacy_n in_o the_o unite_a province_n in_o germany_n commodity_n of_o other_o country_n use_v to_o provide_v wine_n raisin_n etc._n etc._n the_o first_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n pag._n 20._o 21._o phys._n 3._o lib._n cap._n 3._o the_o second_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n england_n view_n plenty_n of_o money_n abate_v thâ—…_n raâ—…e_n of_o usury_n of_o course_n s._n george_n for_o engâ—…and_n england_n â—…iew_n pag._n â—…2_n the_o three_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n pag._n 75._o the_o four_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n inconvenience_n against_o the_o â—…shing_n in_o england_n exemplary_a action_n of_o other_o prince_n about_o duty_n of_o fish_v comâ—…nitie_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o also_o a_o distinct_a dominion_n the_o five_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n page_n 105._o the_o advantage_n of_o our_o merchant_n in_o the_o sale_n of_o clothes_n the_o author_n apology_n pag._n 46._o england_n view_n pag._n 88_o a_o manuscript_n of_o the_o royal_a merchant_n of_o great_a britain_n pag._n 15._o of_o 〈◊〉_d &_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o work_v forcible_o ixre_n a_o step_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o distribute_v the_o six_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n the_o policy_n of_o merchant_n the_o seven_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n be_v the_o false_a make_n of_o our_o cloth_n one_o extremity_n enforce_v another_o engross_a of_o trade_n lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la or_o law_n merchant_n the_o eight_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n exportation_n of_o material_n and_o imposition_n the_o nine_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n the_o war_n the_o pirate_n and_o bankrupt_n inconsiderate_a barter_v the_o ten_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n the_o use_n of_o foreign_a ware_n plutarch_n in_o vita_fw-la sertorij_fw-la commodity_n and_o money_n pag._n 104._o hysteron_fw-gr proteron_fw-gr 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d tâ—…â—…ssolue_v a_o argument_n exchange_n compare_v to_o the_o assay_v of_o money_n the_o canker_n of_o england_n pag._n 58._o a_o princely_a study_n par_fw-fr of_o ex_fw-la change_n foreign_a nation_n fetch_v our_o ware_n dissolution_n of_o society_n etc._n etc._n ann._n 1584._o a_o society_n may_v become_v a_o monopoly_n the_o property_n of_o monopoly_n england_n view_n pag._n 142._o praeemption_n of_o tin_n licence_n of_o tobacco_n joint_n stockes_n or_o apart_o the_o intention_n of_o letter_n patent_n for_o new_a invention_n allome_n error_n in_o trade_n commit_v by_o merchant_n three_o mean_n 〈◊〉_d decrease_v the_o wealth_n of_o the_o realm_n 14._o r._n 2._o money_n exchange_n the_o king_n royal_a exchange_n the_o defect_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o employment_n money_n consist_v of_o weight_n fineness_n and_o valuation_n 1._o cause_o of_o the_o underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n the_o way_n to_o restore_v england_n wealth_n a_o geometrical_a axiom_n ius_n gentium_fw-la inconvenience_n of_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o money_n grastons_n chronicle_n one_o extremity_n enforce_v another_o table_n of_o exchange_n at_o dover_n policy_n of_o the_o turk_n persian_a &_o russian_a objection_n answer_n mediocria_fw-la firma_fw-la rescounter_v in_o account_n the_o want_n of_o money_n cause_v the_o price_n of_o plate_n to_o fall_v unprofitable_a land_n the_o policy_n of_o reward_n the_o 1._o cause_n the_o 2._o cause_n england_n view_n pag._n 157._o pag._n 159._o the_o three_o cause_n the_o four_o cause_n the_o five_o cause_n the_o 6._o 7._o &_o 8._o cause_n the_o nine_o cause_n the_o ten_o cause_n