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frequent_o make_v use_n of_o to_o confirm_v wicked_a man_n in_o their_o purpose_n then_o to_o make_v they_o understand_v the_o precept_n of_o civil_a duty_n now_o that_o which_o be_v chief_o want_v in_o they_o be_v a_o true_a and_o certain_a rule_n of_o our_o action_n by_o which_o we_o may_v know_v whether_o that_o we_o undertake_v be_v just_a or_o unjust_a for_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o be_v bid_v in_o every_o thing_n to_o do_v right_o before_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a rule_n and_o measure_n of_o right_o establish_v which_o no_o man_n hitherto_o have_v establish_v see_v therefore_o from_o the_o not_o know_v of_o civil_a duty_n that_o be_v from_o the_o want_n of_o moral_a science_n proceed_v civil_a war_n and_o the_o great_a calamity_n of_o mankind_n we_o may_v very_o well_o attribute_n to_o
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a_o square_a this_o square_n be_v to_o be_v resolve_v into_o a_o plain_a terminate_v with_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o equal_a and_o straight_a line_n and_o right_a angle_n for_o by_o this_o resolution_n we_o have_v these_o thing_n universal_a or_o agreeable_a to_o all_o matter_n namely_o line_n plain_n which_o contain_v superficies_n terminate_v angle_n straightness_n rectitude_n and_o equality_n and_o if_o we_o can_v find_v out_o the_o cause_n of_o these_o we_o may_v compound_v they_o all_o together_o into_o the_o cause_n of_o a_o square_n again_o if_o any_o man_n propound_v to_o himself_o the_o conception_n of_o gold_n he_o may_v by_o resolve_v come_v to_o the_o idea_n of_o solid_a visible_a heavy_a that_o be_v tend_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o downward_o and_o many_o other_o more_o universal_a than_o gold_n itself_o and_o these_o he_o may_v resolve_v again_o till_o he_o come_v to_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v most_o universal_a and_o in_o this_o manner_n by_o 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savour_n etc._n etc._n any_o other_o cause_n then_o motion_n reside_v partly_o in_o the_o object_n that_o work_v upon_o our_o sense_n and_o partly_o in_o ourselves_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o that_o it_o be_v manifest_o some_o kind_n of_o motion_n though_o we_o can_v without_o ratiocination_n come_v to_o know_v what_o kind_n for_o though_o many_o can_v understand_v till_o it_o be_v in_o some_o sort_n demonstrate_v to_o they_o that_o all_o mutation_n consist_v in_o motion_n yet_o this_o happen_v not_o from_o any_o obscurity_n in_o the_o thing_n itself_o for_o it_o be_v not_o intelligible_a that_o any_o thing_n can_v depart_v either_o from_o rest_n or_o from_o the_o motion_n it_o have_v except_o by_o motion_n but_o either_o by_o have_v their_o natural_a discourse_n corrupt_v with_o former_a opinion_n receive_v from_o their_o master_n or_o else_o for_o this_o that_o they_o do_v not_o at_o all_o bend_v their_o mind_n to_o the_o inquire_v out_o of_o truth_n 6_o by_o the_o knowledge_n therefore_o of_o universall_n and_o of_o their_o cause_n which_o be_v the_o first_o principle_n by_o which_o we_o know_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o thing_n we_o have_v in_o the_o first_o place_n their_o definition_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o explication_n of_o our_o simple_a conception_n for_o example_n he_o that_o have_v a_o true_a conception_n of_o place_n can_v be_v ignorant_a of_o this_o definition_n place_n be_v that_o space_n which_o be_v possess_v or_o fill_v adaequate_o by_o some_o body_n and_o so_o he_o that_o conceive_v motion_n aright_o can_v but_o know_v that_o motion_n be_v the_o privation_n of_o one_o place_n and_o the_o acquisition_n of_o another_o in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o have_v their_o generation_n or_o description_n as_o for_o example_n that_o a_o line_n be_v make_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o point_n superficies_n by_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o line_n and_o one_o motion_n by_o another_o motion_n etc._n etc._n it_o remain_v that_o we_o inquire_v what_o motion_n beget_v such_o and_o such_o effect_n as_o what_o motion_n make_v a_o straight_a line_n and_o what_o a_o circular_a what_o motion_n thrust_v what_o draw_v and_o by_o what_o way_n what_o make_v a_o thing_n which_o be_v see_v or_o hear_v to_o be_v see_v or_o hear_v sometime_o in_o one_o manner_n sometime_o in_o another_o now_o the_o method_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o enquiry_n be_v compositive_a for_o first_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v what_o effect_v a_o body_n move_v produce_v when_o we_o consider_v nothing_o in_o it_o beside_o its_o motion_n and_o we_o see_v present_o that_o this_o make_v a_o line_n or_o length_n next_o what_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o long_a body_n produce_v which_o we_o find_v to_o be_v superficies_n and_o so_o forward_o till_o we_o see_v what_o the_o effect_n of_o simple_a motion_n be_v and_o then_o in_o like_a manner_n we_o be_v to_o observe_v what_o proceed_v from_o the_o addition_n multiplication_n substraction_n and_o division_n of_o these_o motion_n and_o what_o effect_n what_o figure_n and_o what_o property_n they_o produce_v from_o which_o kind_n of_o contemplation_n spring_v that_o part_n of_o philosophy_n which_o be_v call_v geometry_n from_o this_o consideration_n of_o what_o be_v produce_v by_o simple_a motion_n we_o be_v to_o pass_v to_o the_o consideration_n of_o what_o effect_n one_o body_n move_v work_v upon_o another_o and_o because_o there_o may_v be_v motion_n in_o all_o the_o several_a part_n of_o a_o body_n yet_o so_o as_o that_o the_o whole_a body_n remain_v still_o in_o the_o same_o place_n we_o must_v inquire_v first_o what_o motion_n cause_v such_o and_o such_o motion_n in_o the_o whole_a that_o be_v when_o one_o body_n invade_v another_o body_n which_o be_v either_o at_o rest_n or_o in_o motion_n what_o way_n and_o with_o what_o swiftness_n the_o invade_v body_n shall_v move_v and_o again_o what_o motion_n this_o second_o body_n will_v generate_v in_o a_o three_o and_o so_o forward_o from_o which_o contemplation_n shall_v be_v draw_v that_o part_n of_o philosophy_n which_o treat_v of_o motion_n in_o the_o three_o place_n we_o must_v proceed_v to_o the_o enquiry_n of_o such_o effect_n as_o be_v make_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o any_o body_n as_o how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o thing_n when_o they_o be_v the_o same_o yet_o seem_v not_o to_o be_v the_o same_o but_o change_v and_o here_o the_o thing_n we_o search_v after_o be_v sensible_a quality_n such_o as_o light_v colour_n transparency_n opacity_n sound_v odour_n savour_n heat_n cold_a and_o the_o like_a which_o because_o they_o can_v be_v know_v till_o we_o know_v the_o cause_n of_o sense_n itself_o therefore_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o see_v hear_v smell_a taste_v and_o touch_v belong_v to_o this_o three_o place_n and_o all_o those_o quality_n and_o change_n above_o mention_v be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o
the_o four_o place_n which_o two_o consideration_n comprehend_v that_o part_n of_o philosophy_n which_o be_v call_v physic_n and_o in_o these_o four_o part_n be_v contain_v whatsoever_o in_o natural_a philosophy_n may_v be_v explicate_v by_o demonstration_n proper_o so_o call_v for_o if_o a_o cause_n be_v to_o be_v render_v of_o natural_a appearance_n in_o special_a as_o what_o be_v the_o motion_n and_o influence_n of_o the_o heavenly_a body_n and_o of_o their_o part_n the_o reason_n hereof_o must_v either_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o part_n of_o the_o science_n above_o mention_v or_o no_o reason_n at_o all_o will_v be_v give_v but_o all_o leave_v to_o uncertain_a conjecture_n after_o physic_n we_o must_v come_v to_o moral_a philosophy_n in_o which_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o mind_n namely_o appetite_n aversion_n love_n benevolence_n hope_n fear_v anger_n emulation_n envy_n etc._n etc._n what_o cause_n they_o have_v and_o of_o what_o they_o be_v cause_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o these_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v after_o physic_n be_v that_o they_o have_v their_o cause_n in_o sense_n and_o imagination_n which_o be_v the_o subject_a of_o physical_a contemplation_n also_o the_o reason_n why_o all_o these_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v search_v after_o in_o the_o order_n abovesaid_a be_v that_o physic_n can_v be_v understand_v except_o we_o know_v first_o what_o motion_n be_v in_o the_o small_a part_n of_o body_n nor_o such_o motion_n of_o part_n till_o we_o know_v what_o it_o be_v that_o make_v another_o body_n move_v nor_o this_o till_o we_o know_v what_o simple_a motion_n will_v effect_v and_o because_o all_o appearance_n of_o thing_n to_o sense_n be_v determine_v and_o make_v to_o be_v of_o such_o and_o such_o quality_n and_o quantity_n by_o compound_v motion_n every_o one_o of_o which_o have_v a_o certain_a degree_n of_o velocity_n and_o a_o certain_a and_o determine_a way_n therefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o be_v to_o search_v out_o the_o way_n of_o motion_n simple_o in_o which_o geometry_n consist_v next_o the_o way_n of_o such_o generate_v motion_n as_o be_v manifest_a and_o last_o the_o way_n of_o internal_a and_o invisible_a motion_n which_o be_v the_o enquiry_n of_o natural_a philosopher_n and_o therefore_o they_o that_o study_v natural_a philosophy_n study_v in_o vain_a except_o they_o begin_v at_o geometry_n and_o such_o writer_n or_o disputer_n thereof_o as_o be_v ignorant_a of_o geometry_n do_v but_o make_v their_o reader_n and_o hearer_n lose_v their_o time_n 7_o civil_a and_o moral_a philosophy_n do_v not_o so_o adhere_v to_o one_o another_o but_o that_o they_o may_v be_v sever_v for_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v know_v not_o only_o by_o ratiocination_n but_o also_o by_o the_o experience_n of_o every_o man_n that_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o observe_v those_o motion_n within_o himself_o and_o therefore_o not_o only_o they_o that_o have_v attain_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o passion_n and_o perturbation_n of_o the_o mind_n by_o the_o syntheticall_a method_n and_o from_o the_o very_a first_o principle_n of_o philosophy_n may_v by_o proceed_v in_o the_o same_o way_n come_v to_o the_o cause_n and_o necessity_n of_o constitute_a commonwealth_n and_o to_o get_v the_o knowledge_n of_o what_o be_v natural_a right_n and_o what_o be_v civil_a duty_n and_o in_o every_o kind_n of_o government_n what_o be_v the_o right_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o all_o other_o knowledge_n appertain_v to_o civil_a philosophy_n for_o this_o reason_n that_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o politic_n consist_v in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o motion_n from_o the_o knowledge_n of_o sense_n and_o imagination_n but_o even_o they_o also_o that_o have_v not_o learn_v the_o first_o part_n of_o philosophy_n namely_o geometry_n and_o physic_n may_v notwithstanding_o attain_v the_o principle_n of_o civil_a philosophy_n by_o the_o analyticall_a method_n for_o if_o a_o question_n be_v propound_v as_o whether_o such_o a_o action_n be_v just_a or_o unjust_a if_o that_o unjust_a be_v resolve_v into_o fact_n against_o law_n and_o that_o notion_n of_o law_n into_o the_o command_n of_o he_o or_o they_o that_o have_v coercive_a power_n and_o that_o power_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o will_n of_o man_n that_o constitute_v such_o power_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v live_v in_o peace_n they_o may_v at_o last_o come_v to_o this_o that_o the_o appetite_n of_o man_n and_o the_o passion_n of_o their_o mind_n be_v such_o that_o unless_o they_o be_v restrain_v by_o some_o power_n they_o will_v always_o be_v make_v war_n upon_o one_o another_o which_o may_v be_v know_v to_o be_v so_o by_o any_o man_n experience_n that_o will_v but_o examine_v his_o own_o mind_n and_o therefore_o from_o hence_o he_o may_v proceed_v by_o compound_v to_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o justice_n or_o injustice_n of_o any_o propound_a action_n so_o that_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v that_o the_o method_n of_o philosophy_n to_o such_o as_o seek_v science_n simple_o without_o propound_v to_o themselves_o the_o solution_n of_o any_o particular_a question_n be_v partly_o analyticall_a and_o partly_o syntheticall_a namely_o that_o which_o proceed_v from_o sense_n to_o the_o invention_n of_o principle_n analyticall_a and_o the_o rest_n syntheticall_a 8_o to_o those_o that_o seek_v the_o cause_n of_o some_o certain_a and_o pro_fw-la pound_a appearance_n or_o effect_n it_o happen_v sometime_o that_o they_o know_v not_o whether_o the_o thing_n who_o cause_n be_v seek_v after_o be_v matter_n or_o body_n or_o some_o accident_n of_o a_o body_n for_o though_o in_o geometry_n when_o the_o cause_n be_v seek_v of_o magnitude_n or_o proportion_n or_o figure_n it_o be_v certain_o know_v that_o these_o thing_n namely_o magnitude_n proportion_n and_o figure_n be_v accident_n yet_o in_o natural_a philosophy_n where_o all_o question_n be_v concern_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o phantasm_n of_o sensible_a thing_n it_o be_v not_o so_o easy_a to_o discern_v between_o the_o thing_n themselves_o from_o which_o those_o phantasm_n proceed_v and_o the_o appearance_n of_o those_o thing_n to_o the_o sense_n which_o have_v deceive_v many_o especial_o when_o the_o phantasm_n have_v be_v make_v by_o light_n for_o example_n a_o man_n that_o look_v upon_o the_o sun_n have_v a_o certain_a shine_a idea_n of_o â—â—e_z magnitude_n of_o about_o a_o foâ—t_n over_o and_o this_o he_o call_v the_o sun_n thougâ—…e_o know_v the_o sun_n to_o be_v true_o a_o great_a deal_n big_a and_o in_o like_a 〈…〉_z the_o phantasm_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n appear_v sometime_o â—â—und_v by_o be_v 〈…〉_z a_o â—arre_o off_o and_o sometime_o square_a by_o be_v near_o whereupon_o â—t_a may_v well_o be_v doubt_v whether_o that_o phantasm_n be_v maâ—…_n or_o some_o body_n natural_a or_o only_o some_o accident_n of_o a_o body_n in_o the_o examination_n of_o which_o doubt_n we_o may_v use_v this_o method_n the_o property_n of_o matter_n and_o accident_n already_o find_v out_o by_o we_o by_o the_o syntheticall_a method_n from_o their_o definition_n be_v to_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o idea_n we_o have_v before_o we_o and_o if_o it_o agree_v with_o the_o property_n of_o matter_n or_o body_n than_o it_o be_v a_o body_n otherwise_o it_o be_v a_o accident_n see_v therefore_o matter_n can_v by_o any_o endeavour_n of_o we_o be_v either_o make_v or_o destroy_v or_o increase_v or_o diminish_v or_o move_v out_o of_o its_o place_n whereas_o that_o idea_n appear_v vanish_v be_v increase_v and_o diminish_v and_o move_v hither_o and_o thither_o at_o pleasure_n we_o may_v certain_o conclude_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o body_n but_o a_o accident_n only_o and_o this_o method_n be_v syntheticall_a 9_o but_o if_o there_o be_v a_o doubt_n make_v concern_v the_o subject_a of_o any_o know_a accident_n for_o this_o may_v be_v doubt_v sometime_o as_o in_o the_o praecedent_a example_n doubt_n may_v be_v make_v in_o what_o subject_a that_o splendour_n and_o apparent_a magnitude_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v than_o our_o enquiry_n must_v proceed_v in_o this_o manner_n first_o matter_n in_o general_n must_v be_v divide_v into_o part_n as_o into_o object_n medium_fw-la and_o the_o sentient_n itself_o or_o such_o other_o part_n as_o seem_v most_o conformable_a to_o the_o thing_n propound_v next_o these_o part_n be_v several_o to_o be_v examine_v how_o they_o agree_v with_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o such_o of_o they_o as_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o that_o accident_n be_v to_o be_v reject_v for_o example_n if_o by_o any_o true_a ratiocination_n the_o sun_n be_v find_v to_o be_v great_a than_o its_o apparent_a magnitude_n than_o that_o magnitude_n be_v not_o in_o the_o sun_n if_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o one_o determine_v straight_o line_n and_o one_o determine_v
distance_n and_o the_o magnitude_n and_o splendour_n be_v see_v in_o more_o line_n and_o distance_n than_o one_o as_o it_o be_v in_o reflection_n or_o refraction_n than_o neither_o that_o splendour_n nor_o apparent_a magnitude_n be_v in_o the_o sun_n itself_o and_o therefore_o the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n can_v be_v the_o subject_a of_o that_o splendour_n and_o magnitude_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o air_n and_o other_o part_n will_v be_v reject_v till_o at_o last_o nothing_o remain_v which_o can_v be_v the_o subject_a of_o that_o splendour_n and_o magnitude_n but_o the_o sentient_n itself_o and_o this_o method_n in_o regard_n the_o subject_n be_v divide_v into_o part_n be_v analitycall_a and_o in_o regard_n the_o property_n both_o of_o the_o subject_a and_o accident_n be_v compare_v with_o the_o accident_n concern_v who_o subject_n the_o enquiry_n be_v make_v it_o be_v syntheticall_a 10_o but_o when_o we_o seek_v after_o the_o cause_n of_o any_o propound_a effect_n we_o must_v in_o the_o first_o place_n get_v into_o our_o mind_n a_o exact_a notion_n or_o idea_n of_o that_o which_o we_o call_v cause_n namely_o that_o a_o cause_n be_v the_o sum_n or_o aggregate_v of_o all_o such_o accident_n both_o in_o the_o agent_n and_o the_o patient_n as_o concur_v to_o the_o produce_v of_o the_o effect_v propound_v all_o which_o exist_v together_o it_o can_v be_v understand_v but_o that_o the_o effect_n exi_v with_o they_o or_o that_o it_o can_v possible_o exist_v if_o any_o one_o of_o they_o be_v absent_a this_o be_v know_v in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o must_v examine_v single_o every_o accident_n that_o accompany_v or_o praecede_v the_o effect_n as_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o seem_v to_o conduce_v in_o any_o manner_n to_o the_o production_n of_o the_o same_o and_o see_v whether_o the_o propound_a effect_n may_v be_v conceive_v to_o exist_v without_o the_o existence_n of_o any_o of_o those_o accident_n and_o by_o this_o mean_n separate_v such_o accident_n as_o do_v not_o concur_v from_o such_o as_o concur_v to_o produce_v the_o say_a effect_n which_o be_v do_v we_o be_v to_o put_v together_o the_o concur_v accident_n and_o consider_v whether_o we_o can_v possible_o conceive_v that_o when_o these_o be_v all_o present_a the_o effect_v propound_v will_v not_o follow_v and_o if_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o effect_n will_v follow_v then_o that_o aggregate_v of_o accident_n be_v the_o entire_a cause_n otherwise_o not_o but_o we_o must_v still_o search_v out_o and_o put_v together_o other_o accident_n for_o example_n if_o the_o cause_n of_o light_n be_v propound_v to_o be_v seek_v out_o first_o we_o examine_v thing_n without_o we_o and_o find_v that_o whensoever_o light_n appear_v there_o be_v some_o principal_a object_n as_o it_o be_v the_o fountain_n of_o light_n without_o which_o we_o can_v have_v any_o perception_n of_o light_n and_o therefore_o the_o concurrence_n of_o that_o object_n be_v necessary_a to_o the_o generation_n of_o light_n next_o we_o consider_v the_o medium_fw-la and_o find_v that_o unless_o it_o be_v dispose_v in_o a_o certain_a manner_n namely_o that_o it_o be_v transparent_a though_o the_o object_n remain_v the_o same_o yet_o the_o effect_n will_v not_o follow_v and_o therefore_o the_o concurrence_n of_o transparency_n be_v also_o necessary_a to_o the_o generation_n of_o light_n three_o we_o observe_v our_o own_o body_n and_o find_v that_o by_o the_o indisposition_n of_o the_o eye_n the_o brain_n the_o nerve_n and_o the_o heart_n that_o be_v by_o obstruction_n stupidity_n and_o debility_n we_o be_v deprive_v of_o light_n so_o that_o a_o fit_a disposition_n of_o the_o organ_n to_o receive_v impression_n from_o without_o be_v likewise_o a_o necessary_a part_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o light_n again_o of_o all_o the_o accident_n inhaerent_a in_o the_o object_n there_o be_v none_o that_o can_v conduce_v to_o the_o effect_n of_o light_n but_o only_a action_n or_o a_o certain_a motion_n which_o can_v be_v conceive_v to_o be_v want_v whensoever_o the_o effect_n be_v present_a for_o that_o any_o thing_n may_v shine_v it_o be_v not_o requisite_a that_o it_o be_v of_o such_o or_o such_o magnitude_n or_o figure_n or_o that_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o it_o be_v move_v out_o of_o the_o place_n it_o be_v in_o unless_o it_o may_v perhaps_o be_v say_v that_o in_o the_o sun_n or_o other_o body_n that_o which_o cause_v light_n be_v the_o light_n it_o have_v in_o itself_o which_o yet_o be_v but_o a_o trifle_a exception_n see_v nothing_o be_v mean_v thereby_o but_o the_o cause_n of_o light_n as_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v say_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o light_n be_v that_o in_o the_o sun_n which_o produce_v it_o it_o remain_v therefore_o that_o the_o action_n by_o which_o light_n be_v generate_v be_v motion_n only_o in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o object_n which_o be_v understand_v we_o may_v easy_o conceive_v what_o it_o be_v the_o medium_fw-la contribute_v namely_o the_o continuation_n of_o that_o motion_n to_o the_o eye_n and_o last_o what_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o the_o sentient_n contribute_v namely_o the_o continuation_n of_o the_o same_o motion_n to_o the_o last_o organ_n of_o sense_n the_o heart_n and_o in_o this_o manner_n the_o cause_n of_o light_n may_v be_v make_v up_o of_o motion_n continue_v from_o the_o original_a of_o the_o same_o motion_n to_o the_o original_a of_o vital_a motion_n light_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o alteration_n of_o vital_a motion_n make_v by_o the_o impression_n upon_o it_o of_o motion_n continue_v from_o the_o object_n but_o i_o give_v this_o only_a for_o a_o example_n for_o i_o shall_v speak_v more_o at_o large_a of_o light_n and_o the_o generation_n of_o it_o in_o its_o proper_a place_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o the_o search_n out_o of_o cause_n there_o be_v need_v partly_o of_o the_o analyticall_a and_o partly_o of_o the_o syntheticall_a method_n of_o the_o analyticall_a to_o conceive_v how_o circumstance_n conduce_v several_o to_o the_o production_n of_o effect_n and_o of_o the_o syntheticall_a for_o the_o add_v together_o and_o compound_v of_o what_o they_o can_v effect_v single_o by_o themselves_o and_o thus_o much_o may_v serve_v for_o the_o method_n of_o invention_n it_o remain_v that_o i_o speak_v of_o the_o method_n of_o teach_v that_o be_v of_o demonstration_n and_o of_o the_o mean_n by_o which_o we_o demonstrate_v 11_o in_o the_o method_n of_o invention_n the_o use_n of_o word_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o they_o may_v serve_v for_o mark_n by_o which_o whatsoever_o we_o have_v find_v out_o may_v be_v recall_v to_o memory_n for_o without_o this_o all_o our_o invention_n perish_v nor_o will_v it_o be_v possible_a for_o we_o to_o go_v on_o from_o principle_n beyond_o a_o syllogism_n or_o two_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o weakness_n of_o memory_n for_o example_n if_o any_o man_n by_o consider_v a_o triangle_n set_v before_o he_o shall_v find_v that_o all_o its_o angle_n together_o take_v be_v equal_a to_o two_o right_a angle_n and_o that_o by_o think_v of_o the_o same_o tacit_o without_o any_o use_n of_o word_n either_o understand_v or_o express_v and_o it_o shall_v happen_v afterward_o that_o another_o triangle_n unlike_o the_o former_a or_o the_o same_o in_o different_a situation_n shall_v be_v offer_v to_o his_o consideration_n he_o will_v not_o know_v ready_o whether_o the_o same_o property_n be_v in_o this_o last_o or_o no_o but_o will_v be_v force_v as_o often_o as_o a_o different_a triangle_n be_v bring_v before_o he_o and_o the_o difference_n of_o triangle_n be_v infinite_a to_o begin_v his_o contemplation_n anew_o which_o he_o will_v have_v no_o need_n to_o do_v if_o he_o have_v the_o use_n of_o name_n for_o every_o universal_a name_n denote_v the_o conception_n we_o have_v of_o infinite_a singular_a thing_n nevertheless_o as_o i_o say_v above_o they_o serve_v as_o mark_v for_o the_o help_n of_o our_o memory_n whereby_o we_o register_v to_o ourselves_o our_o own_o invention_n but_o not_o as_o sign_n by_o which_o we_o declare_v the_o same_o to_o other_o so_o that_o a_o man_n may_v be_v a_o philosopher_n alone_o by_o himself_o without_o any_o master_n adam_n have_v this_o capacity_n but_o to_o teach_v that_o be_v to_o demonstrate_v suppose_v two_o at_o the_o least_o and_o syllogistical_a speech_n 12_o and_o see_v teach_v be_v nothing_o but_o lead_v the_o mind_n of_o he_o we_o teach_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o our_o invention_n in_o that_o track_n by_o which_o we_o attain_v the_o same_o with_o our_o own_o mind_n therefore_o the_o same_o method_n that_o serve_v for_o our_o invention_n will_v serve_v also_o for_o demonstration_n to_o other_o save_v that_o we_o omit_v the_o first_o part_n of_o method_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o sense_n of_o thing_n to_o universal_a principle_n which_o
end_n that_o the_o reader_n may_v know_v that_o those_o axiom_n be_v not_o indemonstrable_a &_o therefore_o not_o principle_n of_o demonstration_n and_o from_o hence_o learn_v to_o be_v wary_a how_o he_o admit_v any_o thing_n for_o a_o principle_n which_o be_v not_o at_o least_o as_o evident_a as_o these_o be_v great_a be_v define_v to_o be_v that_o who_o part_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o whole_a of_o another_o now_o if_o we_o suppose_v any_o whole_a to_o be_v a_o and_o a_o part_n of_o it_o to_o be_v b_o seeing_z the_o whole_a b_o be_v equal_a to_o itself_o and_o the_o same_o b_o be_v a_o part_n of_o a_o therefore_o a_o part_n of_o a_o will_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o whole_a b._n wherefore_o by_o the_o definition_n above_o a_o be_v great_a than_o b_o which_o be_v to_o be_v prove_v chap._n ix_o of_o cause_n and_o effect_n 1_o action_n and_o passion_n what_o they_o be_v 2_o action_n and_o passion_n mediate_v and_o immediate_a 3_o cause_n simple_o take_v cause_o without_o which_o no_o effect_n follow_v or_o cause_o necessary_a by_o supposition_n 4_o cause_n efficient_a and_o material_a 5_o a_o entire_a cause_n be_v always_o sufficient_a to_o produce_v its_o effect_n at_o the_o same_o instant_n that_o the_o cause_n be_v entire_a the_o effect_n be_v produce_v every_o effect_n have_v a_o necessary_a cause_n 6_o the_o generation_n of_o effect_n be_v continual_a what_o be_v the_o beginning_n in_o causation_n 7_o no_o cause_n of_o motion_n but_o in_o a_o body_n contiguous_a and_o move_v 8_o the_o same_o agent_n and_o patient_n if_o alike_o dispose_v produce_v like_o effect_n though_o at_o different_a time_n 9_o all_o mutation_n be_v motion_n 10_o contingent_a accident_n what_o they_o be_v 1_o a_o body_n be_v say_v to_o work_n upon_o or_o act_n that_o be_v to_o say_v do_v some_o thing_n to_o another_o body_n when_o it_o either_o generate_v or_o destroy_v some_o accident_n in_o it_o and_o the_o body_n in_o which_o a_o accident_n be_v generate_v or_o destroy_v be_v say_v to_o suffer_v that_o be_v to_o have_v something_o do_v to_o it_o by_o another_o body_n as_o when_o one_o body_n by_o put_v forward_o another_o body_n generate_v motion_n in_o it_o it_o be_v call_v the_o agent_n and_o the_o body_n in_o which_o motion_n be_v so_o generate_v be_v call_v the_o patient_n so_o fire_n that_o warm_v the_o hand_n be_v the_o agent_n and_o the_o hand_n which_o be_v warm_v be_v the_o patient_n that_o accident_n which_o be_v generate_v in_o the_o patient_n be_v call_v the_o effect_n 2_o when_o a_o agent_n and_o patient_n be_v contiguous_a to_o one_o another_o their_o action_n and_o reason_n be_v then_o say_v to_o be_v immediate_a otherwise_o mediate_v and_o when_o another_o body_n lie_v betwixt_o the_o agent_n and_o patient_n be_v contiguous_a to_o they_o both_o it_o be_v then_o itself_o both_o a_o agent_n and_o a_o patient_n a_o agent_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o body_n next_o after_o it_o upon_o which_o it_o work_v and_o a_o patient_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o body_n next_o before_o it_o from_o which_o it_o suffer_v also_o if_o many_o body_n be_v so_o order_v that_o every_o two_o which_o be_v next_o to_o one_o another_o be_v contiguous_a than_o all_o those_o that_o be_v betwixt_o the_o first_o and_o the_o last_o be_v both_o agent_n and_o patient_n and_o the_o first_o be_v a_o agent_n only_o and_o the_o last_o a_o patient_n only_o 3_o a_o agent_n be_v understand_v to_o produce_v its_o determine_a or_o certain_a effect_n in_o the_o patient_n according_a to_o some_o certain_a accident_n or_o accident_n with_o which_o both_o it_o and_o the_o patient_n be_v affect_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o agent_n have_v its_o effect_n precise_o such_o not_o because_o it_o be_v a_o body_n but_o because_o such_o a_o body_n or_o so_o move_v for_o otherwise_o all_o agent_n see_v they_o be_v all_o body_n alike_o will_v produce_v like_o effect_n in_o all_o patient_n and_o therefore_o the_o fire_n for_o example_n do_v not_o warm_a because_o it_o be_v a_o body_n but_o because_o it_o be_v hot_a nor_o do_v one_o body_n put_v forward_o another_o body_n because_o it_o be_v a_o body_n but_o because_o it_o be_v move_v into_o the_o place_n of_o that_o other_o body_n the_o cause_n therefore_o of_o all_o effect_n consist_v in_o certain_a accident_n both_o in_o the_o agent_n and_o in_o the_o patient_n which_o when_o they_o be_v all_o present_a the_o effect_n be_v produce_v but_o if_o any_o one_o of_o they_o be_v want_v it_o be_v not_o produce_v and_o that_o accident_n either_o of_o the_o agent_n or_o patient_n without_o which_o the_o effect_n can_v be_v produce_v be_v call_v causa_fw-la sine_fw-la qua_fw-la non_fw-la or_o cause_o necessary_a by_o supposition_n as_o also_o the_o cause_n requisite_a for_o the_o production_n of_o the_o effect_n but_o a_o cause_n simple_o or_o a_o entire_a cause_n be_v the_o aggregate_v of_o all_o the_o accident_n both_o of_o the_o agent_n how_o many_o soever_o they_o be_v and_o of_o the_o patient_n put_v together_o which_o when_o they_o be_v all_o suppose_a to_o be_v present_a it_o can_v be_v understand_v but_o that_o the_o effect_n be_v produce_v at_o the_o same_o instant_n and_o if_o any_o one_o of_o they_o be_v want_v it_o can_v be_v understand_v but_o that_o the_o effect_n be_v not_o produce_v 4_o the_o aggregate_v of_o accident_n in_o the_o agent_n or_o agent_n requisite_a for_o the_o production_n of_o the_o effect_n the_o effect_n be_v produce_v be_v call_v the_o efficient_a cause_n thereof_o and_o the_o aggregate_v of_o accident_n in_o the_o patient_n the_o effect_n be_v produce_v be_v usual_o call_v the_o material_a cause_n i_o say_v the_o effect_n be_v produce_v for_o where_o there_o be_v no_o effect_n there_o can_v be_v no_o cause_n for_o nothing_o can_v be_v call_v a_o cause_n where_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o can_v be_v call_v a_o effect_n but_o the_o efficient_a and_o material_a cause_n be_v both_o but_o partial_a cause_n or_o part_n of_o that_o cause_n which_o in_o the_o next_o precedent_n article_n i_o call_v a_o entire_a cause_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o effect_v we_o expect_v though_o the_o agent_n be_v not_o defective_a on_o their_o part_n may_v nevertheless_o be_v frustrate_v by_o a_o defect_n in_o the_o patient_n and_o when_o the_o patient_n be_v sufficient_a by_o a_o defect_n in_o the_o agent_n 5_o a_o entire_a cause_n be_v always_o sufficient_a for_o the_o production_n of_o its_o effect_n if_o the_o effect_v be_v at_o all_o possible_a for_o let_v any_o effect_n whatsoever_o be_v propound_v to_o be_v produce_v if_o the_o same_o be_v produce_v it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o cause_n which_o produce_v it_o be_v a_o sufficient_a cause_n but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o produce_v and_o yet_o be_v possible_a it_o be_v evident_a that_o something_o be_v want_v either_o in_o some_o agent_n or_o in_o the_o patient_n without_o which_o it_o can_v not_o be_v produce_v that_o be_v that_o some_o accident_n be_v want_v which_o be_v requisite_a for_o its_o production_n and_o therefore_o that_o cause_n be_v not_o entire_a which_o be_v contrary_a to_o what_o be_v suppose_v it_o follow_v also_o from_o hence_o that_o in_o whatsoever_o instant_n the_o cause_n be_v entire_a in_o the_o same_o instant_n the_o effect_n be_v produce_v for_o if_o it_o be_v not_o produce_v something_o be_v still_o want_v which_o be_v requisite_a for_o the_o production_n of_o it_o and_o therefore_o the_o cause_n be_v not_o entire_a as_o be_v suppose_v and_o see_v a_o necessary_a cause_n be_v define_v to_o be_v that_o which_o be_v suppose_v the_o effect_n can_v but_o follow_v this_o also_o may_v be_v collect_v that_o whatsoever_o effect_n be_v produce_v at_o any_o time_n the_o same_o be_v produce_v by_o a_o necessary_a cause_n for_o whatsoever_o be_v produce_v in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v produce_v have_v a_o entire_a cause_n that_o be_v have_v all_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v suppose_v it_o can_v be_v understand_v but_o that_o the_o effect_n follow_v that_o be_v it_o have_v a_o necessary_a cause_n and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n it_o may_v be_v show_v that_o whatsoever_o effect_n be_v hereafter_o to_o be_v produce_v shall_v have_v a_o necessary_a cause_n so_o that_o all_o the_o effect_n that_o have_v be_v or_o shall_v be_v produce_v have_v their_o ne_n cessity_n in_o thing_n antecedent_n 6_o and_o from_o this_o that_o whensoever_o the_o cause_n be_v entire_a the_o effect_n be_v produce_v in_o the_o same_o instant_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o causation_n and_o the_o production_n of_o effect_n consist_v in_o a_o certain_a continual_a progress_n so_o that_o as_o there_o be_v a_o continual_a mutation_n in_o the_o agent_n or_o agent_n by_o the_o work_n of_o other_o agent_n upon_o they_o so_o also_o the_o patient_n upon_o
which_o they_o work_v be_v continual_o alter_v and_o change_v for_o example_n as_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n increase_v more_o and_o more_o so_o also_o the_o effect_n thereof_o namely_o the_o heat_n of_o such_o body_n as_o be_v next_o to_o it_o &_o again_o of_o such_o other_o body_n as_o be_v next_o to_o they_o increase_v more_o &_o more_o according_o which_o be_v already_o no_o little_a argument_n that_o all_o mutation_n consist_v in_o motion_n only_o the_o truth_n whereof_o shall_v be_v further_o demonstrate_v in_o the_o nine_o article_n but_o in_o this_o progress_n of_o causation_n that_o be_v of_o action_n and_o passion_n if_o any_o man_n comprehend_v in_o his_o imagination_n a_o part_n thereof_o and_o divide_v the_o same_o into_o part_n the_o first_o part_n or_o beginning_n of_o it_o can_v be_v consider_v otherwise_o then_o as_o action_n or_o cause_n for_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v consider_v as_o effect_v or_o passion_n than_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o consider_v something_o before_o it_o for_o its_o cause_n or_o action_n which_o can_v be_v for_o nothing_o can_v be_v before_o the_o beginning_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o last_o part_n be_v consider_v only_o as_o effect_v for_o it_o can_v be_v call_v cause_n if_o nothing_o follow_v it_o but_o after_o the_o last_o nothing_o follow_v and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o all_o action_n the_o beginning_n and_o cause_n be_v take_v for_o the_o same_o thing_n but_o every_o one_o of_o the_o intermediate_v part_n be_v both_o action_n and_o passion_n and_o cause_n and_o effect_v according_a as_o they_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o antecedent_n or_o subsequent_a part_n 7_o there_o can_v be_v no_o cause_n of_o motion_n except_o in_o a_o body_n contiguous_a and_o move_v for_o let_v there_o be_v any_o two_o body_n which_o be_v not_o contiguous_a and_o betwixt_o which_o the_o intermediate_v space_n be_v empty_a or_o if_o fill_v fill_v with_o another_o body_n which_o be_v at_o rest_n and_o let_v one_o of_o the_o propound_a body_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v at_o rest_n i_o say_v it_o shall_v always_o be_v at_o rest._n for_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v move_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o motion_n by_o the_o 8_o chapter_n 19_o article_n will_v be_v in_o some_o external_a body_n and_o therefore_o if_o between_o it_o and_o that_o external_a body_n there_o be_v nothing_o but_o empty_a space_n than_o whatsoever_o the_o disposition_n be_v of_o that_o external_a body_n or_o of_o the_o patient_n itself_o yet_o if_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v now_o at_o rest_n we_o may_v conceive_v it_o will_v continue_v so_o till_o it_o be_v touch_v by_o some_o other_o body_n but_o see_v cause_n by_o the_o definition_n be_v the_o aggregate_v of_o all_o such_o accident_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v present_a it_o can_v be_v conceive_v but_o that_o the_o effect_n will_v follow_v those_o accident_n which_o be_v either_o in_o external_a body_n or_o in_o the_o patient_n itself_o can_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o future_a motion_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n see_v we_o may_v conceive_v that_o whatsoever_o be_v at_o rest_n will_v still_o be_v at_o rest_n though_o it_o be_v touch_v by_o some_o other_o body_n except_o that_o other_o body_n be_v move_v therefore_o in_o a_o contiguous_a body_n which_o be_v at_o rest_n there_o can_v be_v no_o cause_n of_o motion_n wherefore_o there_o be_v no_o cause_n of_o motion_n in_o any_o body_n except_o it_o be_v contiguous_a and_o move_v the_o same_o reason_n may_v serve_v to_o prove_v that_o whatsoever_o be_v move_v will_v always_o be_v move_v on_o in_o the_o same_o way_n and_o with_o the_o same_o velocity_n except_o it_o be_v hinder_v by_o some_o other_o contiguous_a and_o move_v body_n and_o consequent_o that_o no_o body_n either_o when_o they_o be_v at_o rest_n or_o when_o there_o be_v a_o interposition_n of_o vacuum_n can_v generate_v or_o extinguish_v or_o lesson_n motion_n in_o other_o body_n there_o be_v one_o that_o have_v write_v that_o thing_n move_v be_v more_o resist_v by_o thing_n at_o rest_n then_o by_o thing_n contrary_o move_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o he_o conceive_v motion_n not_o to_o be_v so_o contrary_a to_o motion_n as_o rest._n that_o which_o deceive_v he_o be_v that_o the_o word_n rest_v and_o motion_n be_v but_o contradictory_n name_n whereas_o motion_n indeed_o be_v not_o resist_v by_o rest_n but_o by_o contrary_a motion_n 8_o but_o if_o a_o body_n work_v upon_o another_o body_n at_o one_o time_n and_o afterward_o the_o same_o body_n work_v upon_o the_o same_o body_n at_o another_o time_n so_o that_o both_o the_o agent_n and_o patient_n and_o all_o their_o part_n be_v in_o all_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v and_o there_o be_v no_o difference_n except_o only_o in_o time_n that_o be_v that_o one_o action_n be_v former_a the_o other_o late_a in_o time_n it_o be_v manifest_a of_o itself_o that_o the_o effect_n will_v be_v equal_a and_o like_a as_o not_o differ_v in_o any_o thing_n beside_o time_n and_o as_o effect_n themselves_o proceed_v from_o their_o cause_n so_o the_o diversity_n of_o they_o depend_v upon_o the_o diversity_n of_o their_o cause_n also_o 9_o this_o be_v true_a it_o be_v necessary_a that_o mutation_n can_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o that_o body_n which_o be_v change_v for_o first_o we_o do_v not_o say_v any_o thing_n be_v change_v but_o that_o which_o appear_v to_o our_o sense_n otherwise_o than_o it_o appear_v former_o second_o both_o those_o appearance_n be_v effect_n produce_v in_o the_o sentient_a &_o therefore_o if_o they_o be_v different_a it_o be_v necessary_a by_o the_o precede_a article_n that_o either_o some_o part_n of_o the_o agent_n which_o be_v former_o at_o rest_n be_v now_o move_v and_o so_o the_o mutation_n consist_v in_o this_o motion_n or_o some_o part_n which_o be_v former_o move_v be_v now_o otherwise_o move_v and_o so_o also_o the_o mutation_n consist_v in_o this_o new_a motion_n or_o which_o be_v former_o move_v be_v now_o at_o rest_n which_o as_o i_o have_v show_v above_o can_v come_v to_o pass_v without_o motion_n and_o so_o again_o mutation_n be_v motion_n or_o last_o it_o happen_v in_o some_o of_o these_o manner_n to_o the_o patient_n or_o some_o of_o its_o part_n so_o that_o mutation_n howsoever_o it_o be_v make_v will_v consist_v in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n either_o of_o the_o body_n which_o be_v perceive_v or_o of_o the_o sentient_a body_n or_o of_o both_o mutation_n therefore_o be_v motion_n namely_o of_o the_o part_n either_o of_o the_o agent_n or_o of_o the_o patient_n which_o be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v and_o to_o this_o it_o be_v consequent_a that_o rest_n can_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o any_o thing_n nor_o can_v any_o action_n proceed_v from_o it_o see_v neither_o motion_n nor_o mutation_n can_v be_v cause_v by_o it_o 10_o accident_n in_o respect_n of_o other_o accident_n which_o precede_v they_o or_o be_v before_o they_o in_o time_n &_o upon_o which_o they_o do_v not_o depend_v as_o upon_o their_o cause_n be_v call_v contingent_a accident_n i_o say_v in_o respect_n of_o those_o accident_n by_o which_o they_o be_v not_o generate_v for_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o cause_n all_o thing_n come_v to_o pass_v with_o equal_a necessity_n for_o otherwise_o they_o will_v have_v no_o cause_n at_o all_o which_o of_o thing_n generate_v be_v not_o intelligible_a chap._n x._o of_o power_n and_o act._n 1_o power_n and_o cause_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n 2_o a_o act_n be_v produce_v at_o the_o same_o instant_n in_o which_o the_o power_n be_v plenary_a 3_o active_a and_o passive_a power_n be_v part_n only_o of_o plenary_a power_n 4_o a_o act_n when_o say_v to_o be_v possible_a 5_o a_o act_n necessary_a and_o contingent_a what_o 6_o active_a power_n consist_v in_o motion_n 7_o cause_v formal_n and_o final_a what_o they_o be_v 1correspondent_a to_o cause_n and_o effect_n be_v power_n and_o act_n nay_o those_o and_o these_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n though_o for_o divers_a consideration_n they_o have_v divers_a name_n forwhensoever_o any_o agent_n have_v all_o those_o accident_n which_o be_v necessary_o requisite_a for_o the_o production_n of_o some_o effect_n in_o the_o patient_n than_o we_o say_v that_o agent_n have_v power_n to_o produce_v that_o effect_n if_o it_o be_v apply_v to_o a_o patient_n but_o as_o i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n those_o accident_n constitute_v the_o efficient_a cause_n and_o therefore_o the_o same_o accident_n which_o constitute_v the_o efficient_a cause_n constitute_v also_o the_o power_n of_o the_o agent_n wherefore_o the_o power_n of_o the_o agent_n and_o the_o efficient_a cause_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n but_o they_o be_v consider_v with_o this_o difference_n that_o cause_o be_v so_o call_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o effect_n already_o
produce_v and_o power_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o same_o effect_n to_o be_v produce_v hereafter_o so_o that_o cause_o respect_v the_o past_a power_n the_o future_a time_n also_o the_o power_n of_o the_o agent_n be_v that_o which_o be_v common_o call_v active_a power_n in_o like_a manner_n whensoever_o any_o patient_n have_v all_o those_o accident_n which_o it_o be_v requisite_a it_o shall_v have_v for_o the_o production_n of_o some_o effect_n in_o it_o we_o say_v it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o that_o patient_n to_o produce_v that_o effect_n if_o it_o be_v apply_v to_o a_o fit_a agent_n but_o those_o accident_n as_o be_v define_v in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n constitute_v the_o material_a cause_n and_o therefore_o the_o power_n of_o the_o patient_n common_o call_v passive_a power_n and_o material_a cause_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n but_o with_o this_o different_a consideration_n that_o in_o cause_n the_o past_a time_n and_o in_o power_n the_o future_a be_v respect_v wherefore_o the_o power_n of_o the_o agent_n and_o patient_n together_o which_o may_v be_v call_v entire_a or_o plenary_a power_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o entire_a cause_n for_o they_o both_o consist_v in_o the_o sum_n or_o aggregate_v of_o all_o the_o accident_n as_o well_o in_o the_o agent_n as_o in_o the_o patient_n which_o be_v requisite_a for_o the_o production_n of_o the_o effect_n last_o as_o the_o accident_n produce_v be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o cause_n call_v a_o effect_n so_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o power_n it_o be_v call_v a_o act._n 2_o as_o therefore_o the_o effect_n be_v produce_v in_o the_o same_o instant_n in_o which_o the_o cause_n be_v entire_a so_o also_o every_o act_n that_o may_v be_v produce_v be_v produce_v in_o the_o same_o instant_n in_o which_o the_o power_n be_v plenary_a and_o as_o there_o can_v be_v no_o effect_n but_o from_o a_o sufficient_a and_o necessary_a cause_n so_o also_o no_o act_n can_v be_v produce_v but_o by_o sufficient_a power_n or_o that_o power_n by_o which_o it_o can_v not_o but_o be_v produce_v 3_o and_o as_o it_o be_v manifest_a as_o i_o have_v show_v that_o the_o efficient_a and_o material_a cause_n be_v several_o and_o by_o themselves_o part_v only_o of_o a_o entire_a cause_n and_o can_v produce_v any_o effect_n but_o by_o be_v join_v together_o so_o also_o power_n active_a and_o passive_a be_v part_n only_o of_o plenary_a and_o entire_a power_n nor_o except_o they_o be_v join_v can_v any_o act_n proceed_v from_o they_o and_o therefore_o these_o power_n as_o i_o say_v in_o the_o first_o article_n be_v but_o conditional_a namely_o the_o agent_n have_v power_n if_o it_o be_v apply_v to_o a_o patient_n and_o the_o patient_n have_v power_n if_o it_o be_v apply_v to_o a_o agent_n otherwise_o neither_o of_o they_o have_v power_n nor_o can_v the_o accident_n which_o be_v in_o they_o several_o be_v proper_o call_v power_n nor_o any_o action_n be_v say_v to_o be_v possible_a for_o the_o power_n of_o the_o agent_n alone_o or_o of_o the_o patient_n alone_o 4_o for_o that_o be_v a_o impossible_a act_n for_o the_o production_n of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o power_n plenary_a for_o see_v plenary_a power_n be_v that_o in_o which_o all_o thing_n concur_v which_o be_v requisite_a for_o the_o production_n of_o a_o act_n if_o the_o power_n shall_v never_o be_v plenary_a there_o will_v always_o be_v want_v some_o of_o those_o thing_n without_o which_o the_o act_n can_v be_v produce_v wherefore_o that_o act_n shall_v never_o be_v produce_v that_o be_v that_o act_n be_v impossible_a and_o every_o act_n which_o be_v not_o impossible_a be_v possible_a every_o act_n therefore_o which_o be_v possible_a shall_v at_o some_o time_n be_v produce_v for_o if_o it_o shall_v never_o be_v produce_v than_o those_o thing_n shall_v never_o concur_v which_o be_v requisite_a for_o the_o production_n of_o it_o wherefore_o that_o act_n be_v impossible_a by_o the_o definition_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o what_o be_v suppose_v 5_o a_o necessary_a act_n be_v that_o the_o production_n whereof_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o hinder_v and_o therefore_o every_o act_n that_o shall_v be_v produce_v shall_v necessary_o be_v produce_v for_o that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v produce_v be_v impossible_a because_o as_o be_v already_o demonstrate_v every_o possible_a act_n shall_v at_o some_o time_n be_v produce_v nay_o this_o proposition_n what_o shall_v be_v shall_v be_v be_v as_o necessary_a a_o proposition_n as_o this_o a_o man_n be_v a_o man._n but_o here_o perhaps_o some_o man_n may_v ask_v whether_o those_o future_a thing_n which_o be_v common_o call_v contingent_n be_v necessary_a i_o say_v therefore_o that_o general_o all_o contingent_n have_v their_o necessary_a cause_n as_o be_v show_v in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n but_o be_v call_v contingent_n in_o respect_n of_o other_o event_n upon_o which_o they_o do_v not_o depend_v as_o the_o rain_n which_o shall_v be_v to_o morrow_n shall_v be_v necessary_o that_o be_v from_o necessary_a cause_n but_o we_o think_v and_o say_v it_o happen_v by_o chance_n because_o we_o do_v not_o yet_o perceive_v the_o cause_n thereof_o though_o they_o exist_v now_o for_o man_n common_o call_v that_o casual_a or_o contingent_a whereof_o they_o do_v not_o perceive_v the_o necessary_a cause_n and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n they_o use_v to_o speak_v of_o thing_n past_a when_o not_o know_v whether_o a_o thing_n be_v do_v or_o no_o they_o say_v it_o be_v possible_a it_o never_o be_v do_v wherefore_o all_o proposition_n concern_v future_a thing_n contingent_a or_o not_o contingent_a as_o this_o it_o will_v rain_v to_o morrow_n or_o this_o to_o morrow_n the_o sun_n will_v rise_v be_v either_o necessary_o true_a or_o necessary_o false_a but_o we_o call_v they_o contingent_a because_o we_o do_v not_o yet_o know_v whether_o they_o be_v true_a or_o false_a whereas_o their_o verity_n depend_v not_o upon_o our_o knowledge_n but_o upon_o the_o forego_n of_o their_o cause_n but_o there_o be_v some_o who_o though_o they_o confess_v this_o whole_a proposition_n to_o morrow_n it_o will_v either_o rain_n or_o not_o rain_n to_o be_v true_a yet_o they_o will_v not_o acknowledge_v the_o part_n of_o it_o as_o to_z morrow_n it_o will_v rain_v or_o to_o morrow_n it_o will_v not_o rain_v to_o be_v either_o of_o they_o true_a by_o itself_o because_o they_o say_v neither_o this_o nor_o that_o be_v true_a determinate_o but_o what_o be_v this_o determinate_o true_a but_o true_a upon_o our_o knowledge_n or_o evident_o true_a and_o therefore_o they_o say_v no_o more_o but_o that_o it_o be_v not_o yet_o know_v whether_o it_o be_v true_a or_o no_o but_o they_o say_v it_o more_o obscure_o and_o darken_v the_o evidence_n of_o the_o truth_n with_o the_o same_o word_n with_o which_o they_o endeavour_v to_o hide_v their_o own_o ignorance_n 6_o in_o the_o 9th_o article_n of_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n i_o have_v show_v that_o the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o all_o motion_n and_o mutation_n consist_v in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o agent_n or_o agent_n and_o in_o the_o first_o article_n of_o this_o chapter_n that_o the_o power_n of_o the_o agent_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o the_o efficient_a cause_n from_o whence_o it_o may_v be_v understand_v that_o all_o active_a power_n consist_v in_o motion_n also_o and_o that_o power_n be_v not_o a_o certain_a accident_n which_o differ_v from_o all_o act_n but_o be_v indeed_o a_o act_n namely_o motion_n which_o be_v therefore_o call_v power_n because_o another_o act_n shall_v be_v produce_v by_o it_o afterward_o for_o example_n if_o of_o three_o body_n the_o first_o put_v forward_o the_o second_o and_o this_o the_o three_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o second_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o first_o which_o produce_v it_o be_v the_o act_n of_o the_o second_o body_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o three_o it_o be_v the_o active_a power_n of_o the_o same_o second_o body_n 7_o the_o writer_n of_o metaphysic_n reckon_v up_o two_o other_o cause_n beside_o the_o efficient_a and_o material_a namely_o the_o essence_n which_o some_o call_v the_o formal_a cause_n and_o the_o end_n or_o final_a cause_n both_o which_o be_v nevertheless_o efficient_a cause_n for_o when_o it_o be_v say_v the_o essence_n of_o a_o thing_n be_v the_o cause_n thereof_o as_o to_o be_v rational_a be_v the_o cause_n of_o man_n it_o be_v not_o intelligible_a for_o it_o be_v all_o one_o as_o if_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o man_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o man_n which_o be_v not_o well_o say_v and_o yet_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o essence_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o for_o if_o i_o first_o know_v that_o a_o thing_n be_v rational_a i_o know_v from_o thence_o that_o the_o same_o be_v man_n but_o this_o be_v no_o
metaphysical_a empusa_n not_o by_o skirmish_n but_o by_o let_v in_o the_o light_n upon_o she_o for_o i_o be_o confident_a if_o any_o confidence_n of_o a_o write_n can_v proceed_v from_o the_o writer_n fear_v circumspection_n &_o diffidence_n that_o in_o the_o three_o former_a part_n of_o this_o book_n all_o that_o i_o have_v say_v be_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v from_o definition_n &_o all_o in_o the_o four_o part_n from_o supposition_n not_o absurd_a but_o if_o there_o appear_v to_o your_o lordship_n any_o thing_n less_o full_o demonstrate_v then_o to_o satisfy_v every_o reader_n the_o cause_n be_v this_o that_o i_o profess_v to_o write_v not_o all_o to_o all_o but_o some_o thing_n to_o geometrician_n only_o but_o that_o your_o lordship_n will_v be_v satisfy_v i_o can_v doubt_v there_o remain_v the_o second_o section_n which_o be_v concern_v man._n that_o part_n thereof_o where_o i_o handle_v the_o optic_n contain_v six_o chapter_n together_o with_o the_o table_n of_o the_o figure_n belong_v to_o they_o i_o have_v already_o write_v &_o engravenly_v by_o i_o above_o these_o six_o year_n the_o rest_n shall_v as_o soon_o as_o i_o can_v be_v add_v to_o it_o though_o by_o the_o contumely_n &_o petty_a injury_n of_o some_o unskilful_a man_n i_o know_v already_o by_o experience_n how_o much_o great_a thanks_o will_v be_v due_a then_o pay_v i_o for_o tell_v man_n the_o truth_n of_o what_o man_n be_v but_o the_o burden_n i_o have_v take_v on_o i_o i_o mean_v to_o carry_v through_o not_o strive_v to_o appease_v but_o rather_o to_o revenge_v myself_o of_o envy_n by_o increase_a it_o for_o it_o content_v i_o that_o i_o have_v your_o lordship_n favour_n which_o be_v all_o you_o require_v i_o acknowledge_v and_o for_o which_o with_o my_o prayer_n to_o almighty_a god_n for_o your_o lordship_n safety_n i_o shall_v to_o my_o power_n be_v always_o thankful_a london_n april_n 23_o 1655._o your_o lordship_n most_o humble_a servant_n thomas_n hobbes_n the_o author_n epistle_n to_o the_o reader_n think_v not_o courteous_a reader_n that_o the_o philosophy_n the_o element_n whereof_o i_o be_o go_v to_o set_v in_o order_n be_v that_o which_o make_v philosopher_n stone_n nor_o that_o which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o metaphsique_n code_o but_o that_o it_o be_v the_o natural_a reason_n of_o man_n busy_o fly_v up_o and_o down_o among_o the_o creature_n &_o bring_v back_o a_o true_a report_n of_o their_o order_n cause_n &_o effect_n philosophy_n therefore_o the_o child_n of_o the_o world_n and_o your_o own_o mind_n be_v within_o yourself_o perhaps_o not_o fashion_v yet_o but_o like_o the_o world_n its_o father_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o beginning_n a_o thing_n confuse_v do_v therefore_o as_o the_o statuary_n do_v who_o by_o hew_v off_o that_o which_o be_v superfluous_a do_v not_o make_v but_o find_v the_o image_n or_o imitate_v the_o creation_n if_o you_o will_v be_v a_o philosopher_n in_o good_a earnest_n let_v your_o reason_n move_v upon_o the_o deep_a of_o your_o own_o cogitation_n and_o experience_n those_o thing_n that_o lie_v in_o confusion_n must_v be_v set_v asunder_o distinguish_v and_o every_o one_o stamp_v with_o its_o own_o name_n set_v in_o order_n that_o be_v to_o say_v your_o method_n must_v resemble_v that_o of_o the_o creation_n the_o order_n of_o the_o creation_n be_v light_n distinction_n of_o day_n and_o night_n the_o firmament_n the_o luminary_n sensible_a creature_n man_n and_o after_o the_o creation_n the_o commandment_n therefore_o the_o order_n of_o contemplation_n will_v be_v reason_n definition_n space_n the_o star_n sensible_a quality_n man_n and_o after_o man_n be_v grow_v up_o subjection_n to_o command_n in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o section_n which_o be_v entitle_v logic_n i_o set_v up_o the_o light_n of_o reason_n in_o the_o second_o which_o have_v for_o title_n the_o ground_n of_o philosophy_n i_o distinguish_v the_o most_o common_a notion_n by_o accurate_a definition_n for_o the_o avoid_n of_o confusion_n and_o obscurity_n the_o three_o part_n concern_v the_o expansion_n of_o space_n that_o be_v geometry_n the_o four_o contain_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o star_n together_o with_o the_o doctrine_n of_o sensible_a quality_n in_o the_o second_o section_n if_o it_o please_v god_n shall_v be_v handle_v man._n in_o the_o three_o section_n the_o doctrine_n of_o subjection_n be_v handle_v already_o this_o be_v the_o method_n i_o follow_v and_o if_o it_o like_v you_o you_o may_v use_v the_o same_o for_o i_o do_v but_o propound_v not_o commend_v to_o you_o any_o thing_n of_o i_o but_o whatsoever_o shall_v be_v the_o method_n you_o will_v like_v i_o will_v very_o fain_o commend_v philosophy_n to_o you_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o study_n of_o wisdom_n for_o want_v of_o which_o we_o have_v all_o suffer_v much_o damage_n late_o for_o even_o they_o that_o study_v wealth_n do_v it_o out_o of_o love_n to_o wisdom_n for_o their_o treasure_n serve_v they_o but_o for_o a_o looking-glass_n wherein_o to_o behold_v and_o contemplate_v their_o own_o wisdom_n nor_o do_v they_o that_o love_v to_o be_v employ_v in_o public_a business_n aim_v at_o any_o thing_n but_o place_n wherein_o to_o show_v their_o wisdom_n neither_o do_v voluptuous_a man_n neglect_v philosophy_n but_o only_o because_o they_o know_v not_o how_o great_a a_o pleasure_n it_o be_v to_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n to_o be_v ravish_v in_o the_o vigorous_a and_o perpetual_a embrace_n of_o the_o most_o beauteous_a world_n last_o though_o for_o nothing_o else_o yet_o because_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n be_v no_o less_o impatient_a of_o empty_a time_n than_o nature_n be_v of_o empty_a place_n to_o the_o end_n you_o be_v not_o force_v for_o want_v of_o what_o to_o do_v to_o be_v troublesome_a to_o man_n that_o have_v business_n or_o take_v hurt_v by_o fall_v into_o idle_a company_n but_o have_v somewhat_o of_o your_o own_o wherewith_o to_o fill_v up_o your_o time_n i_o recommend_v unto_o you_o the_o study_n of_o philosophy_n farewell_n t._n h._n the_o title_n of_o the_o chapter_n the_o first_o part_n or_o logic_n chap._n 1_o of_o philosophy_n chap._n 2_o of_o name_n chap._n 3_o of_o proportion_n chap._n 4_o of_o syllogism_n chap._n 5_o of_o err_v falsity_n and_o caption_n chap._n 6_o of_o method_n the_o second_o part_n or_o the_o first_o ground_n of_o philosophy_n chap._n 7_o of_o place_n and_o time_n chap._n 8_o of_o body_n and_o accident_n chap._n 9_o of_o cause_n and_o effect_n chap._n 10_o of_o power_n and_o act._n chap._n 11_o of_o identity_n and_o difference_n chap._n 12_o of_o quantity_n chap._n 13_o of_o analogisme_n or_o the_o same_o proportion_n chap._n 14_o of_o straight_a and_o crock_v angle_n and_o figure_n the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o proportion_n of_o motion_n and_o magnitude_n chap._n 15_o of_o the_o nature_n property_n and_o divers_a consideration_n of_o motion_n and_o endeavour_n chap._n 16_o of_o motion_n accelerate_a and_o uniform_a and_o of_o motion_n by_o concourse_n chap._n 17_o of_o figure_n deficient_a chap._n 18_o of_o the_o equation_n of_o straight_a line_n which_o the_o crooked_a line_n of_o parabolas_fw-la and_o other_o figure_n make_v in_o imitation_n of_o parabolas_fw-la chap._n 19_o of_o angle_n of_o incidence_n and_o reflection_n equal_a by_o supposition_n chap._n 20_o of_o the_o dimension_n of_o a_o circle_n and_o the_o division_n of_o arch_n or_o angle_n chap._n 21_o of_o circular_a motion_n chap._n 22_o of_o other_o variety_n of_o motion_n chap._n 23_o of_o the_o centre_n of_o equiponderation_n of_o body_n press_v downward_o in_o straight_o parallel_a line_n chap._n 24_o of_o refraction_n and_o reflection_n the_o four_o part_n of_o physic_n or_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o nature_n chap._n 25_o of_o sense_n and_o animal_n motion_n chap._n 26_o of_o the_o world_n and_o of_o the_o star_n chap._n 27_o of_o light_n heatt_z and_o of_o colour_n chap._n 28_o of_o cold_a wind_n hard_a ice_n restitution_n of_o body_n bend_v diaphanous_a lightning_n and_o thunder_n and_o of_o the_o head_n of_o river_n chap._n 29_o of_o sound_n odour_n savour_n and_o touch._n chap._n 30_o of_o gravity_n computation_n or_o logic_n chap._n i._o of_o philosophy_n 1_o the_o introduction_n 2_o the_o definition_n of_o philosophy_n explain_v 3_o ratiocination_n of_o the_o mind_n 4_o property_n what_o they_o be_v 5_o how_o property_n be_v know_v by_o generation_n &_o contrary_o 6_o the_o scope_n of_o philosophy_n 7_o the_o utility_n of_o it_o 8_o the_o subject_a 9_o the_o part_n of_o it_o 10_o the_o epilogue_n philosophy_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v among_o man_n now_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o corn_n and_o wine_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o world_n in_o ancient_a time_n for_o from_o the_o begin_n there_o be_v vine_n and_o ear_n of_o corn_n grow_v here_o and_o there_o in_o the_o field_n but_o no_o care_n be_v take_v for_o the_o
be_v demonstrate_v by_o good_a reason_n to_o be_v so_o chap._n iii_o of_o proposition_n 1_o divers_a kind_n of_o speech_n 2_o proposition_n define_v 3_o subject_n predicate_v and_o copula_fw-la what_o they_o be_v and_o abstract_n and_o concrete_a what_o the_o use_n and_o abuse_v of_o name_n abstract_v 5_o proposition_n universal_a and_o particular_a 6_o affirmative_a and_o negative_a 7_o true_a and_o false_a 8_o true_a and_o false_a belong_v to_o speech_n and_o not_o to_o thing_n 9_o proposition_n primary_n not_o primary_n definion_n axiom_n petition_n 10_o proposition_n necessary_a and_o contingent_a 11_o categoricall_a and_o hypotheticall_a 12_o the_o same_o proposition_n diverse_o pronounce_v 13_o proposition_n that_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o the_o same_o categoricall_a proposition_n be_v equipollent_a 14_o universal_a proposition_n convert_v by_o contradictory_n name_n be_v equipollent_a 15_o negative_a proposition_n be_v the_o same_o whether_o the_o negation_n be_v before_o or_o after_o the_o copula_fw-la 16_o particular_a proposition_n simple_o convert_v be_v equipollent_a 17_o what_o be_v subaltern_n contrary_a subcontrary_a and_o contradictory_n proposition_n 18_o consequence_n what_o it_o be_v 19_o falsity_n can_v follow_v from_o truth_n 20_o how_o one_o proposition_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o another_o 1from_o the_o connection_n or_o contexture_n of_o name_n arise_v diverse_a kind_n of_o speech_n whereof_o some_o signify_v the_o desire_n and_o affection_n of_o man_n such_o be_v first_o interrogation_n which_o denote_v the_o desire_n of_o know_v as_o who_o be_v a_o good_a man_n in_o which_o speech_n there_o be_v one_o name_v express_v &_o another_o desire_a and_o expect_v from_o he_o of_o who_o we_o ask_v the_o same_o then_o prayer_n which_o signify_v the_o desire_n of_o have_v something_o promise_n threat_n wish_n command_n complaint_n and_o other_o signification_n of_o other_o affection_n speech_n may_v also_o be_v absurd_a and_o insignificant_a as_o when_o there_o be_v a_o succession_n of_o word_n to_o which_o there_o can_v be_v no_o succession_n of_o thought_n in_o the_o mind_n to_o answer_v they_o and_o this_o happen_v often_o to_o such_o as_o understand_v nothing_o in_o some_o subtle_a matter_n do_v nevertheless_o to_o make_v other_o believe_v they_o understand_v speak_v of_o the_o same_o incoherent_o for_o the_o connection_n of_o incoherent_a word_n though_o it_o want_v the_o end_n of_o speech_n which_o be_v signification_n yet_o it_o be_v speech_n and_o be_v use_v by_o the_o writer_n of_o metaphysic_n almost_o as_o frequent_o as_o speech_n significative_a in_o philosophy_n there_o be_v but_o one_o kind_n of_o speech_n useful_a which_o some_o call_v in_o latin_a dictum_fw-la other_o enuntiatum_fw-la &_o pronunciatum_fw-la but_o most_o man_n call_v it_o proposition_n and_o be_v the_o speech_n of_o those_o that_o affirm_v or_o deny_v and_o express_v truth_n or_o falsity_n 2_o a_o proposition_n be_v a_o speech_n consist_v of_o two_o name_n copulate_v by_o which_o he_o that_o speak_v signify_v he_o conceive_v the_o late_a name_n to_o be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n whereof_o the_o former_a be_v the_o name_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o that_o the_o former_a name_n be_v comprehend_v by_o the_o late_a for_o example_n this_o speech_n man_n be_v a_o live_a creature_n in_o which_o two_o name_n be_v copulate_v by_o the_o verb_n be_v be_v a_o proposition_n for_o this_o reason_n that_o he_o that_o speak_v it_o conceive_v both_o live_a creature_n and_o man_n to_o be_v name_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n or_o that_o the_o former_a name_n man_n be_v comprehend_v by_o the_o late_a name_n live_v creature_n now_o the_o former_a name_n be_v common_o call_v the_o subject_a or_o antecedent_n or_o the_o contain_a name_n and_o the_o late_a the_o praedicat_fw-la consequent_a or_o contain_v name_n the_o sign_n of_o connection_n among_o most_o nation_n be_v either_o some_o word_n as_o the_o word_n be_v in_o the_o proposition_n man_n be_v a_o live_a creature_n or_o some_o case_n or_o termination_n of_o a_o word_n as_o in_o this_o proposition_n man_n walk_v which_o be_v equivalent_a to_o this_o man_n be_v walk_v the_o termination_n by_o which_o it_o be_v say_v he_o walk_v rather_o than_o he_o be_v walk_v signify_v that_o those_o two_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v copulate_v or_o to_o be_v name_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n but_o there_o be_v or_o certain_o may_v be_v some_o nation_n that_o have_v no_o word_n which_o answer_v to_o our_o verb_n be_v who_o nevertheless_o form_n proposition_n by_o the_o position_n only_o of_o one_o name_n after_o another_o as_o if_o instead_o of_o man_n be_v a_o live_a creature_n it_o shall_v be_v say_v man_n a_o live_a creature_n for_o the_o very_a order_n of_o the_o name_n may_v sufficient_o show_v their_o connection_n and_o they_o be_v as_o apt_a and_o useful_a in_o philosophy_n as_o if_o they_o be_v copulate_v by_o the_o verb_n is._n 3_o wherefore_o in_o every_o proposition_n three_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v viz._n the_o two_o name_n which_o be_v the_o subject_a and_o the_o predicate_v and_o their_o copulation_n both_o which_o name_n raise_v in_o our_o mind_n the_o thought_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n but_o the_o copulation_n make_v we_o think_v of_o the_o cause_n for_o which_o those_o name_n be_v impose_v on_o that_o thing_n as_o for_o example_n when_o we_o say_v a_o body_n be_v movable_a though_o we_o conceive_v the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v design_v by_o both_o those_o name_n yet_o our_o mind_n rest_v not_o there_o but_o search_v further_o what_o it_o be_v to_o be_v a_o body_n or_o to_o be_v movable_a that_o be_v wherein_o consist_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o these_o and_o other_o thing_n for_o which_o these_o be_v so_o call_v other_o be_v not_o so_o call_v they_o therefore_o that_o seek_v what_o it_o be_v to_o be_v any_o thing_n as_o to_o be_v movable_a to_o be_v hot_a etc._n etc._n seek_v in_o thing_n the_o cause_n of_o their_o name_n and_o from_o hence_o arise_v that_o distinction_n of_o name_n touch_v in_o the_o last_o chap._n into_o concrete_a and_o abstract_n for_o concrete_a be_v the_o name_n of_o any_o thing_n which_o we_o suppose_v to_o have_v a_o be_v and_o be_v therefore_o call_v the_o subject_a in_o latin_a suppositum_fw-la and_o in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o body_n movable_a move_v figurate_a a_o cubit_n high_a hot_a cold_a like_a equal_a appius_n lentulus_n and_o the_o like_a and_o abstract_n be_v that_o which_o in_o any_o subject_n denote_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o concrete_a name_n as_o to_o be_v a_o body_n to_o be_v movable_a to_o be_v move_v to_o be_v figurate_a to_o be_v of_o such_o quantity_n to_o be_v hot_a to_o be_v cold_a to_o be_v like_a to_o be_v equal_a to_o be_v appius_n to_o be_v lentulus_n etc._n etc._n or_o name_n equivalent_a to_o these_o which_o be_v most_o common_o call_v abstract_a name_n as_o corporeity_n mobility_n motion_n figure_n quantity_n heat_n cold_a likeness_n equality_n and_o as_o cicero_n have_v it_o appiety_n and_o lentulity_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n also_o be_v infinitives_n for_o to_o live_v and_o to_o move_v be_v the_o same_o with_o life_n and_o motion_n or_o to_o be_v live_v and_o to_o be_v move_v but_o abstract_a name_n denote_v only_o the_o cause_n of_o concrete_a name_n and_o not_o the_o thing_n themselves_o for_o example_n when_o we_o see_v any_o thing_n or_o conceive_v in_o our_o mind_n any_o visible_a thing_n that_o thing_n appear_v to_o we_o or_o be_v conceive_v by_o we_o not_o in_o one_o point_n but_o as_o have_v part_n distant_a from_o one_o another_o that_o be_v as_o be_v extend_v and_o fill_v some_o space_n see_v therefore_o we_o call_v the_o thing_n so_o conceive_v body_n the_o cause_n of_o that_o name_n be_v that_o that_o thing_n be_v extend_v or_o the_o extension_n or_o corporeity_n of_o it_o so_o when_o we_o see_v a_o thing_n appear_v sometime_o here_o sometime_o there_o and_o call_v it_o move_v or_o remove_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o name_n be_v that_o it_o be_v move_v or_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o same_o and_o these_o cause_n of_o name_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o cause_n of_o our_o conception_n namely_o some_o power_n or_o action_n or_o affection_n of_o the_o thing_n conceive_v which_o some_o call_v the_o manner_n by_o which_o any_o thing_n work_v upon_o our_o sense_n but_o by_o most_o man_n they_o be_v call_v accident_n i_o say_v accident_n not_o in_o that_o sense_n in_o which_o accident_n be_v oppose_v to_o necessary_a but_o so_o as_o be_v neither_o the_o thing_n themselves_o nor_o part_n thereof_o do_v nevertheless_o accompany_v the_o thing_n in_o such_o manner_n that_o save_v extension_n they_o may_v all_o perish_v and_o 〈◊〉_d destroy_v but_o can_v never_o be_v abstract_v 4_o there_o be_v also_o this_o difference_n betwixt_o concrete_a and_o abstract_a name_n that_o those_o
syllogism_n and_o they_o deceive_v not_o other_o often_o than_o they_o be_v themselves_o deceive_v for_o the_o force_n of_o that_o famous_a argument_n of_o zeno_n against_o motion_n consist_v in_o this_o proposition_n whatsoever_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o part_n infinite_a in_o number_n the_o same_o be_v infinite_a which_o he_o without_o doubt_n think_v to_o be_v true_a yet_o nevertheless_o be_v false_a for_o to_o be_v divide_v into_o infinite_a part_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o be_v divide_v â—â—â—o_o as_o many_o part_n as_o any_o man_n will_n but_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o a_o line_n shall_v have_v part_n infinite_a in_o number_n or_o be_v infinite_a because_o i_o can_v divide_v and_o subdivide_v it_o as_o often_o as_o i_o please_v for_o how_o many_o part_n soever_o i_o make_v yet_o their_o number_n be_v finite_a but_o because_o he_o that_o say_v part_n simple_o without_o add_v how_o many_o do_v not_o limit_v any_o number_n but_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o hearer_n therefore_o we_o say_v common_o a_o line_n may_v be_v divide_v infinite_o which_o can_v be_v true_a in_o any_o other_o sense_n and_o thus_o much_o may_v suffice_v concern_v syllogism_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o first_o pace_n towards_o philosophy_n in_o which_o i_o have_v say_v as_o much_o as_o be_v necessary_a to_o teach_v any_o man_n from_o whence_o all_o true_a argumentation_n have_v its_o force_n and_o to_o enlarge_v this_o treatise_n with_o all_o that_o may_v be_v heap_v together_o will_v be_v as_o superfluous_a as_o if_o one_o shall_v as_o i_o say_v before_o give_v a_o young_a child_n precept_n for_o the_o teach_n of_o he_o to_o go_v for_o the_o art_n of_o reason_v be_v not_o so_o well_o learn_v by_o precept_n as_o by_o practice_n and_o by_o the_o read_n of_o those_o book_n in_o which_o the_o conclusion_n be_v all_o make_v by_o severe_a demonstration_n and_o so_o i_o pass_v on_o to_o the_o way_n of_o philosophy_n that_o be_v to_o the_o method_n of_o study_n chap._n vi_o of_o method_n 1_o method_n and_o science_n define_v 2_o it_o be_v more_o easy_o know_v concern_v singular_a then_o universal_a thing_n that_o they_o be_v and_o contrary_o it_o iâ—_n more_o easy_o know_v concern_v universal_a then_o singular_a thing_n why_o they_o be_v or_o what_o be_v their_o cause_n 3_o what_o it_o be_v philosopher_n seek_v to_o know_v 4_o the_o first_o part_n by_o which_o principle_n be_v find_v out_o be_v pure_o analyticall_a 5_o the_o high_a cause_n and_o most_o universal_a in_o every_o kind_n be_v know_v by_o themselves_o 6_o method_n from_o principle_n fonnd_v out_o tend_v to_o science_n simple_o what_o it_o be_v 7_o that_o method_n of_o civil_a and_o natural_a science_n which_o proceed_v from_o sense_n to_o principle_n be_v analytical_a and_o again_o that_o which_o begin_v at_o principle_n be_v syntheticall_a 8_o the_o method_n of_o search_v out_o whether_o any_o thing_n propound_v be_v matter_n or_o accident_n 9_o the_o method_n of_o seek_v whether_o any_o accident_n be_v in_o this_o or_o in_o that_o subject_a 10_o the_o method_n of_o search_v after_o the_o cause_n of_o any_o effect_v propound_v 11_o word_n serve_v to_o invention_n as_o mark_v to_o demonstration_n as_o sign_n 12_o the_o method_n of_o demonstration_n be_v syntheticall_a 13_o definition_n only_o be_v primary_n and_o universal_a proposition_n 14_o the_o nature_n and_o definition_n of_o a_o definition_n 15_o the_o property_n of_o a_o definition_n 16_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o demonstration_n 17_o the_o property_n of_o a_o demonstration_n and_o order_n of_o thing_n to_o be_v demonstrate_v 18_o the_o fault_n of_o a_o demonstration_n 19_o why_o the_o analyticall_a method_n of_o geometrician_n can_v be_v treat_v of_o in_o this_o place_n 1_o for_o the_o understanding_n of_o method_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a for_o i_o to_o repeat_v the_o definition_n of_o philosophy_n deliver_v above_o chap._n 1._o art_n 2._o in_o this_o manner_n philosophy_n be_v the_o knowledge_n we_o acquire_v by_o true_a ratiocination_n of_o appearance_n or_o apparent_a effect_n from_o the_o knowledge_n we_o have_v of_o some_o possible_a production_n or_o generation_n of_o the_o same_o and_o of_o such_o production_n as_o have_v be_v or_o may_v be_v from_o the_o knowledge_n we_o have_v of_o the_o effect_n method_n therefore_o in_o the_o study_n of_o philosophy_n be_v the_o short_a way_n of_o find_v out_o effect_n by_o their_o know_a cause_n or_o of_o cause_n by_o their_o know_a effect_n but_o we_o be_v then_o say_v to_o know_v any_o effect_n when_o we_o know_v that_o there_o be_v cause_n of_o the_o same_o and_o in_o what_o subject_n those_o cause_n be_v and_o in_o what_o subject_n they_o produce_v that_o effect_n and_o in_o what_o manner_n they_o work_v the_o same_o and_o this_o be_v the_o science_n of_o cause_n or_o as_o they_o call_v it_o of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d all_o other_o science_n which_o be_v call_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v either_o perception_n by_o sense_n or_o the_o imagination_n or_o memory_n remain_v after_o such_o perception_n the_o first_o beginning_n therefore_o of_o knowledge_n be_v the_o phantasm_n of_o sense_n and_o imagination_n and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o phantasm_n we_o know_v well_o enough_o by_o nature_n but_o to_o know_v why_o they_o be_v or_o from_o what_o cause_n they_o proceed_v be_v the_o work_n of_o ratiocination_n which_o consist_v as_o be_v say_v above_o in_o the_o 1._o chap._n 2._o art_n in_o composition_n and_o division_n or_o resolution_n there_o be_v therefore_o no_o method_n by_o which_o we_o find_v out_o the_o cause_n of_o thing_n but_o be_v either_o compositive_a or_o resolutive_a or_o partly_o compositive_a and_o partly_o resolutive_a and_o the_o resolutive_a be_v common_o call_v analyticall_a method_n as_o the_o compositive_a be_v call_v syntheticall_a 2_o it_o be_v common_a to_o all_o sort_n of_o method_n to_o proceed_v from_o know_a thing_n to_o unknown_a and_o this_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o cite_a definition_n of_o philosophy_n but_o in_o knowledge_n by_o sense_n the_o whole_a object_n be_v more_o know_v than_o any_o part_n thereof_o as_o when_o we_o see_v a_o man_n the_o conception_n or_o whole_a idea_n of_o that_o man_n be_v first_o or_o more_o know_v than_o the_o particular_a idea_n of_o his_o be_v figurate_a animate_v and_o rational_a that_o be_v we_o first_o see_v the_o whole_a man_n and_o take_v notice_n of_o his_o be_v before_o we_o observe_v in_o he_o those_o other_o particular_n and_o therefore_o in_o any_o knowledge_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o that_o any_o thing_n be_v the_o beginning_n of_o our_o search_n be_v from_o the_o whole_a idea_n and_o contrary_o in_o our_o knowledge_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v in_o the_o science_n we_o have_v more_o knowledge_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o part_n then_o of_o the_o whole_a for_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v compound_v of_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o part_n but_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o we_o know_v the_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o be_v compound_v before_o we_o can_v know_v the_o whole_a compound_v now_o by_o part_n i_o do_v not_o here_o mean_a part_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o but_o part_n of_o its_o nature_n as_o by_o the_o part_n of_o man_n i_o do_v not_o understand_v his_o head_n his_o shoulder_n his_o arm_n etc._n etc._n but_o his_o figure_n quantity_n motion_n sense_n reason_n and_o the_o like_a which_o accident_n be_v compound_v or_o put_v together_o constitute_v the_o whole_a nature_n of_o man_n but_o not_o the_o man_n himself_o and_o this_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o that_o common_a say_n namely_o that_o some_o thing_n be_v more_o know_v to_o we_o other_o more_o know_v to_o nature_n for_o i_o do_v not_o think_v that_o they_o which_o so_o distinguish_v mean_v that_o something_o be_v know_v to_o nature_n which_o be_v know_v to_o no_o man_n and_o therefore_o by_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v more_o know_v to_o we_o we_o be_v to_o understand_v thing_n we_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o our_o sense_n and_o by_o more_o know_v to_o nature_n those_o we_o acquire_v the_o knowledge_n of_o by_o reason_n for_o in_o this_o sense_n it_o be_v that_o the_o whole_a that_o be_v those_o thing_n that_o have_v universal_a name_n which_o for_o brevity_n sake_n i_o call_v universal_a be_v more_o know_v to_o we_o then_o the_o part_n that_o be_v such_o thing_n as_o have_v name_n less_o universal_a which_o i_o therefore_o call_v singular_a and_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o part_n be_v more_o know_v to_o nature_n then_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o whole_a that_o be_v universall_n than_o singular_n 3_o in_o the_o study_n of_o philosophy_n man_n search_v after_o science_n either_o simple_o or_o
other_o than_o a_o efficient_a cause_n a_o final_a cause_n have_v no_o place_n but_o in_o such_o thing_n as_o have_v sense_n and_o will_n and_o this_o also_o i_o shall_v prove_v hereafter_o to_o be_v a_o efficient_a cause_n chap._n xi_o of_o identity_n and_o difference_n 1_o what_o it_o be_v for_o one_o thing_n to_o differ_v from_o another_o 2_o to_o differ_v in_o number_n magnitude_n species_n and_o genus_fw-la what_o 3_o what_o be_v relation_n proportion_n and_o relative_n 4_o proportional_n what_o 5_o the_o proportion_n of_o magnitude_n to_o one_o another_o wherein_o it_o consist_v 6_o relation_n be_v no_o new_a accident_n but_o one_o of_o those_o that_o be_v in_o the_o relative_n before_o the_o relation_n or_o comparison_n be_v make_v also_o the_o cause_n of_o accident_n in_o the_o correlative_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o relation_n 7_o of_o the_o beginning_n of_o individuation_n 1hitherto_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o body_n simple_o and_o of_o accident_n common_a to_o all_o body_n as_o magnitude_n motion_n rest_v action_n passion_n power_n possible_a etc._n etc._n and_o i_o shall_v now_o descend_v to_o those_o accident_n by_o which_o one_o body_n be_v distinguish_v from_o another_o but_o that_o it_o be_v first_o to_o be_v declare_v what_o it_o be_v to_o be_v distinct_a and_o not_o distinct_a namely_o what_o be_v the_o same_o and_o different_n for_o this_o also_o be_v common_a to_o all_o body_n that_o they_o may_v be_v distinguish_v and_o difference_v from_o one_o another_o now_o two_o body_n be_v say_v to_o differ_v from_o one_o another_o when_o something_o may_v be_v say_v of_o one_o of_o they_o which_o can_v be_v say_v of_o the_o other_o at_o the_o same_o time_n 2_o and_o first_o of_o all_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o no_o two_o body_n be_v the_o same_o for_o see_v they_o be_v two_o they_o be_v in_o two_o place_n at_o the_o same_o time_n as_o that_o which_o be_v the_o same_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o place_n all_o body_n therefore_o differ_v from_o one_o another_o in_o number_n namely_o as_o one_o and_o another_o so_o that_o the_o same_o and_o different_a in_o number_n be_v name_n oppose_v to_o one_o another_o by_o contradiction_n in_o magnitude_n body_n differ_v when_o one_o be_v great_a than_o another_o as_o a_o cubit_n long_o and_o two_o cubit_n long_o of_o two_o pound_n weight_n and_o of_o three_o pound_n weight_n and_o to_o these_o equal_n be_v oppose_v body_n which_o differ_v more_o then_o in_o magnitude_n be_v call_v unlike_a and_o those_o which_o differ_v only_o in_o magnitude_n like_a also_o of_o unlike_a body_n some_o be_v say_v to_o differ_v in_o the_o species_n other_o in_o the_o genus_fw-la in_o the_o species_n when_o their_o difference_n be_v perceive_v by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o white_a and_o black_a and_o in_o the_o genus_fw-la when_o their_o difference_n be_v not_o perceive_v but_o by_o divers_a sense_n as_o white_a and_o hot._n 3_o and_o the_o likeness_n or_o unlikeness_n equality_n or_o inequality_n of_o one_o body_n to_o another_o be_v call_v their_o relation_n and_o the_o body_n themselves_o relative_n or_o correlative_n aristotle_n call_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o first_o whereof_o be_v usual_o name_v the_o antecedent_n and_o the_o second_o the_o consequent_a and_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o antecedent_n to_o the_o consequent_a according_a to_o magnitude_n namely_o the_o equality_n the_o excess_n or_o defect_n thereof_o be_v call_v the_o proportion_n of_o the_o antecedent_n to_o the_o consequent_a so_o that_o proportion_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o equality_n or_o inequality_n of_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o antecedent_n compare_v to_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o consequent_a by_o their_o difference_n only_o or_o compare_v also_o with_o their_o difference_n for_o example_n the_o proportion_n of_o three_o to_o two_o consist_v only_o in_o this_o that_o three_o exceed_v two_o by_o unity_n and_o the_o proportion_n of_o two_o to_o five_o in_o this_o that_o two_o compare_v with_o five_o be_v deficient_a of_o it_o by_o three_o either_o simple_o or_o compare_v with_o the_o number_n different_a and_o therefore_o in_o the_o proportion_n of_o unequal_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o less_o to_o the_o great_a be_v call_v defect_n and_o that_o of_o the_o great_a to_o the_o less_o excess_n 4_o beside_o of_o unequal_o some_o be_v more_o some_o less_o and_o some_o equal_o unequal_a so_o that_o there_o be_v proportion_n of_o proportion_n as_o well_o as_o of_o magnitude_n namely_o where_o two_o unequal_o have_v relation_n to_o two_o other_o unequal_o as_o when_o the_o inequality_n which_o be_v between_o 2_o and_o 3_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o inequality_n which_o be_v between_o 4_o and_o 5._o in_o which_o comparison_n there_o be_v always_o four_o magnitude_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o if_o there_o be_v but_o three_o the_o middlemost_a be_v twice_o number_v and_o if_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o first_o to_o the_o second_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o three_o to_o the_o four_o than_o the_o four_o be_v say_v to_o be_v proportional_n otherwise_o they_o be_v not_o proportional_n 5_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o antecedent_n to_o the_o consequent_a consist_v in_o their_o difference_n not_o only_o simple_o take_v but_o also_o as_o compare_v with_o one_o of_o the_o relative_n that_o be_v either_o in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o great_a by_o which_o it_o exceed_v the_o less_o or_o in_o the_o remainder_n after_o the_o less_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o great_a as_o the_o proportion_n of_o two_o to_o five_o consist_v in_o the_o three_o by_o which_o five_o exceed_v two_o not_o in_o three_o simple_o only_a but_o also_o as_o compare_v with_o five_o or_o two_n for_o though_o there_o be_v the_o same_o difference_n between_o two_o &_o five_o which_o be_v between_o nine_o and_o twelve_o namely_o three_o yet_o there_o be_v not_o the_o same_o inequality_n and_o therefore_o the_o proportion_n of_o two_o to_o five_o be_v not_o in_o all_o relation_n the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o nine_o to_o twelve_o but_o only_o in_o that_o which_o be_v call_v arithmetical_a 6_o but_o we_o must_v not_o so_o think_v of_o relation_n as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o accident_n differ_v from_o all_o the_o other_o accident_n of_o the_o relative_n but_o one_o of_o they_o namely_o that_o by_o which_o the_o comparison_n be_v make_v for_o example_n the_o likeness_n of_o one_o white_a to_o another_o white_a or_o its_o unlikeness_n to_o black_a be_v the_o same_o accident_n with_o its_o whiteness_n and_o equality_n and_o inequality_n the_o same_o accident_n with_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o thing_n compare_v though_o under_o another_o name_n for_o that_o which_o be_v call_v white_a or_o great_a when_o it_o be_v not_o compare_v with_o something_o else_o the_o same_o when_o it_o be_v compare_v be_v call_v like_a or_o unlike_a equal_a or_o unequal_a and_o from_o this_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o accident_n which_o be_v in_o relative_n be_v the_o cause_n also_o of_o likeness_n unlikeness_n equality_n and_o inequality_n namely_o that_o he_o that_o make_v two_o unequal_a body_n make_v also_o their_o inequality_n and_o he_o that_o make_v a_o rule_n and_o a_o action_n make_v also_o if_o the_o action_n be_v congruous_a to_o the_o rule_n their_o congruity_n if_o incongruous_a their_o incongruity_n and_o thus_o much_o concern_v comparison_n of_o one_o body_n with_o another_o 7_o but_o the_o same_o body_n may_v at_o different_a time_n be_v compare_v with_o itself_o and_o from_o hence_o spring_v a_o great_a controversy_n among_o philosopher_n about_o the_o beginning_n of_o individuation_n namely_o in_o what_o sense_n it_o may_v be_v conceive_v that_o a_o body_n be_v at_o one_o time_n the_o same_o at_o another_o time_n not_o the_o same_o it_o be_v former_o for_o example_n whether_o a_o man_n grow_v old_a be_v the_o same_o man_n he_o be_v while_o he_o be_v young_a or_o another_o man_n or_o whether_o a_o city_n be_v in_o different_a age_n the_o same_o or_o another_o city_n some_o place_n individuity_n in_o the_o unity_n of_o matter_n other_o in_o the_o unity_n of_o form_n and_o one_o say_v it_o consist_v in_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o aggregate_v of_o all_o the_o accident_n together_o for_o matter_n it_o be_v plead_v that_o a_o lump_n of_o wax_n whether_o it_o be_v spherical_a or_o cubical_a be_v the_o same_o wax_n because_o the_o same_o matter_n for_o form_n that_o when_o a_o man_n be_v grow_v from_o a_o infant_n to_o be_v a_o old_a man_n though_o his_o matter_n be_v change_v yet_o he_o be_v still_o the_o same_o numerical_a man_n for_o that_o identity_n which_o can_v be_v attribute_v to_o the_o matter_n ought_v probable_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o form_n for_o the_o aggregate_v of_o accident_n no_o instance_n can_v be_v make_v but_o because_o
when_o any_o new_a accident_n be_v generate_v a_o new_a name_n be_v common_o impose_v on_o the_o thing_n therefore_o he_o that_o assign_v this_o cause_n of_o individuity_n think_v the_o thing_n itself_o also_o be_v become_v another_o thing_n according_a to_o the_o first_o opinion_n he_o that_o sin_n and_o he_o that_o be_v punish_v shall_v not_o be_v the_o same_o man_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o perpetual_a flux_n and_o change_n of_o man_n body_n nor_o shall_v the_o city_n which_o make_v law_n in_o one_o age_n and_o abrogate_v they_o in_o another_o be_v the_o same_o city_n which_o be_v to_o confound_v all_o civil_a right_n according_a to_o the_o second_o opinion_n two_o body_n exist_v both_o at_o once_o will_v be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o numerical_a body_n for_o if_o for_o example_n that_o ship_n of_o theseus_n concern_v the_o difference_n whereof_o make_v by_o continual_a reparation_n in_o take_v out_o the_o old_a plank_n and_o put_v in_o new_a the_o sophister_n of_o athens_n be_v wont_a to_o dispute_v be_v after_o all_o the_o plank_n be_v change_v the_o same_o numerical_a ship_n it_o be_v at_o the_o beginning_n and_o if_o some_o man_n have_v keep_v the_o old_a plank_n as_o they_o be_v take_v out_o and_o by_o put_v they_o afterward_o together_o in_o the_o same_o order_n have_v again_o make_v a_o ship_n of_o they_o this_o without_o doubt_n have_v also_o be_v the_o same_o numerical_a ship_n with_o that_o which_o be_v at_o the_o beginning_n and_o so_o there_o will_v have_v be_v two_o ship_n numerical_o the_o same_o which_o be_v absurd_a but_o according_a to_o the_o three_o opinion_n nothing_o will_v be_v the_o same_o it_o be_v so_o that_o a_o man_n stand_v will_v not_o be_v the_o same_o he_o be_v sit_v nor_o the_o water_n which_o be_v in_o the_o vessel_n the_o same_o with_o that_o which_o be_v pour_v out_o of_o it_o wherefore_o the_o beginning_n of_o individuation_n be_v not_o always_o to_o be_v take_v either_o from_o matter_n alone_o or_o from_o form_n alone_o but_o we_o must_v consider_v by_o what_o name_n any_o thing_n be_v call_v when_o we_o inquire_v concern_v the_o identity_n of_o it_o for_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o ask_v concern_v socrates_n whether_o he_o be_v the_o same_o man_n and_o another_o to_o ask_v whether_o he_o be_v the_o same_o body_n for_o his_o body_n when_o he_o be_v old_a can_v be_v the_o same_o it_o be_v when_o he_o be_v a_o infant_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o magnitude_n for_o one_o body_n have_v always_o one_o and_o the_o same_o magnitude_n yet_o nevertheless_o he_o may_v be_v the_o same_o man._n and_o therefore_o whensoever_o the_o name_n by_o which_o it_o be_v ask_v whether_o a_o thing_n be_v the_o same_o it_o be_v be_v give_v it_o for_o the_o matter_n only_o then_o if_o the_o matter_n be_v the_o same_o the_o thing_n also_o be_v individual_o the_o same_o as_o the_o water_n which_o be_v in_o the_o sea_n be_v the_o same_o which_o be_v afterward_o in_o the_o cloud_n and_o any_o body_n be_v the_o same_o whether_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v put_v together_o or_o disperse_v or_o whether_o it_o be_v congeal_v or_o dissolve_v also_o if_o the_o name_n be_v give_v for_o such_o form_n as_o be_v the_o begin_n of_o motion_n then_o as_o long_o as_o that_o motion_n remain_v it_o will_v be_v the_o same_o individual_a thing_n as_o that_o man_n will_v be_v always_o the_o same_o who_o action_n and_o thought_n proceed_v all_o from_o the_o same_o begin_n of_o motion_n namely_o that_o which_o be_v in_o his_o generation_n and_o that_o will_v be_v the_o same_o river_n which_o flow_v from_o one_o and_o the_o same_o fountain_n whether_o the_o same_o water_n or_o other_o water_n or_o something_o else_o then_o water_n flow_v from_o thence_o and_o that_o the_o same_o city_n who_o act_n proceed_v continual_o from_o the_o same_o institution_n whether_o the_o man_n be_v the_o same_o or_o no._n last_o if_o the_o name_n be_v give_v for_o some_o accident_n than_o the_o identity_n of_o the_o thing_n will_v depend_v upon_o the_o matter_n for_o by_o the_o take_n away_o and_o supply_v of_o matter_n the_o accident_n that_o be_v be_v destroy_v and_o other_o new_a one_o be_v generate_v which_o can_v be_v the_o same_o numerical_o so_o that_o a_o ship_n which_o signify_v matter_n so_o figure_v will_v be_v the_o same_o as_o long_o as_o the_o matter_n remain_v the_o same_o but_o if_o no_o part_n of_o the_o matter_n be_v the_o same_o than_o it_o be_v numerical_o another_o ship_n and_o if_o part_n of_o the_o matter_n remain_v and_o part_n be_v change_v than_o the_o ship_n will_v be_v partly_o the_o same_o and_o partly_o not_o the_o same_o chap._n xii_o of_o quantity_n 1_o the_o definition_n of_o quantity_n 2_o the_o exposition_n of_o quantity_n what_o it_o be_v 3_o how_o line_n superficies_n and_o solid_a be_v expose_v 4_o how_o time_n be_v expose_v 5_o how_o number_n be_v expose_v 6_o how_o velocity_n be_v expose_v 7_o how_o weight_n be_v expose_v 8_o how_o the_o proportion_n of_o magnitude_n be_v 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