be_v fix_v and_o tasteless_a what_o of_o salt_n but_o that_o of_o something_o sapid_a and_o easy_o soluble_a in_o water_n and_o what_o idea_n have_v we_o of_o water_n but_o that_o it_o be_v something_o material_a moist_a and_o fluid_a in_o such_o a_o degree_n and_o the_o like_a so_o that_o the_o idea_n of_o a_o substance_n be_v that_o of_o a_o thing_n which_o be_v a_o subject_n and_o this_o be_v a_o relative_n idea_n but_o many_o who_o can_v satisfy_v themselves_o with_o the_o former_a do_v conceit_n that_o they_o have_v find_v a_o better_a a_o real_a a_o positive_a idea_n of_o substance_n of_o these_o some_o do_v hold_v extension_n be_v that_o idea_n so_o that_o substance_n be_v extension_n and_o according_o as_o extension_n be_v either_o penetrable_a or_o impenetrable_a so_o they_o frame_v the_o notion_n of_o spirit_n and_o body_n or_o the_o species_n of_o substance_n as_o it_o be_v immaterial_a or_o material_a other_o hold_v that_o existence_n or_o be_v be_v the_o idea_n of_o substance_n in_o general_n and_o that_o substance_n of_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a species_n be_v only_o determinate_a tality_n of_o be_v for_o since_o in_o be_v be_v the_o idea_n of_o a_o accident_n be_v say_v they_o must_v be_v that_o of_o a_o substance_n and_o as_o to_o be_v be_v to_o exist_v so_o be_v be_v nothing_o but_o existence_n i_o shall_v have_v another_o occasion_n hereafter_o to_o consider_v the_o first_o of_o those_o opinion_n when_o i_o come_v to_o answer_v a_o certain_a objection_n touch_v the_o idea_n of_o god_n but_o will_v say_v of_o it_o now_o that_o those_o who_o profess_v it_o can_v make_v out_o as_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v a_o clear_a and_o satisfactory_a idea_n of_o extension_n in_o general_a that_o shall_v agree_v in_o common_a both_o to_o that_o which_o be_v impenetrable_a and_o to_o that_o which_o be_v penetrable_a beside_o it_o be_v not_o conceivable_a that_o a_o spirit_n shall_v be_v only_o a_o penetrable_a extension_n since_o as_o will_v appear_v more_o full_o hereafter_o extension_n have_v but_o little_a to_o do_v with_o mind_n or_o thought_n which_o be_v essential_a to_o a_o spirit_n and_o without_o which_o a_o spirit_n can_v be_v a_o spirit_n and_o penetrability_n and_o impenetrability_n have_v all_o as_o little_a nor_o be_v the_o second_o opinion_n more_o conceivable_a for_o not_o to_o insist_v that_o existence_n proper_o take_v be_v only_o of_o causates_n existere_fw-la proper_o be_v esse_fw-la extra_fw-la causas_fw-la and_o nothing_o proper_o be_v extra_fw-la causas_fw-la that_o be_v not_o first_o in_o causis_fw-la i_o will_v take_v it_o at_o large_a for_o any_o be_v in_o act_n yet_o even_o so_o it_o be_v not_o of_o the_o idea_n or_o first_o conception_n of_o substance_n for_o being_n take_v not_o as_o a_o noun_n but_o as_o a_o participle_n as_o here_o it_o be_v take_v be_v in_o the_o very_a sense_n of_o the_o term_n a_o word_n of_o relation_n be_v be_v not_o a_o thing_n but_o of_o a_o thing_n not_o a_o thing_n but_o a_o mode_n of_o it_o and_o consequent_o presuppose_v it_o and_o that_o which_o presuppose_v thing_n or_o substance_n can_v possible_o be_v in_o the_o idea_n or_o first_o conception_n of_o it_o in_o short_a accident_n have_v be_v though_o not_o the_o same_o be_v as_o substance_n but_o to_o proceed_v now_o if_o this_o be_v the_o proper_a notion_n of_o substance_n in_o general_n that_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n that_o be_v a_o subject_n of_o accident_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o we_o can_v frame_v any_o notion_n of_o substance_n in_o particular_a or_o make_v any_o agreeable_a distribution_n of_o they_o but_o according_a to_o the_o several_a accident_n of_o which_o they_o be_v subject_n and_o this_o i_o desire_v may_v be_v note_v because_o it_o will_v be_v of_o very_o great_a use_n in_o clear_v what_o i_o shall_v say_v hereafter_o in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o this_o discourse_n of_o substance_n some_o be_v principle_n some_o principiate_n by_o principle_n i_o mean_v substance_n that_o be_v cause_n of_o other_o thing_n but_o be_v themselves_o uncause_v by_o principiate_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o make_v a_o english_a word_n of_o one_o not_o very_o good_a latin_a i_o mean_v substance_n that_o be_v cause_v or_o compose_v of_o principle_n principle_n make_v principiate_n be_v make_v to_o be_v that_o there_o be_v substantial_a cause_n and_o substantial_a effect_n in_o the_o world_n be_v evident_a to_o sense_n for_o even_o to_o sense_n some_o substance_n begin_v to_o be_v and_o some_o do_v cease_v be_v now_o that_o which_o begin_v to_o be_v be_v make_v to_o be_v after_o have_v not_o be_v must_v of_o necessity_n have_v something_o and_o this_o something_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v another_o thing_n that_o make_v it_o to_o be_v that_o be_v it_o must_v have_v a_o cause_n so_o that_o cause_n and_o effect_n there_o be_v else_o nothing_o can_v begin_v to_o be_v or_o cease_v be_v and_o if_o there_o be_v cause_n either_o those_o cause_n all_o of_o they_o have_v cause_n also_o and_o consequent_o as_o they_o as_o cause_n make_v other_o thing_n to_o be_v so_o as_o thing_n that_o have_v cause_n themselves_o be_v make_v to_o be_v by_o other_o or_o else_o at_o least_o some_o of_o they_o have_v no_o cause_n but_o be_v self-subsistent_a and_o uncause_v if_o all_o cause_n have_v cause_n than_o a_o infinite_a progression_n must_v be_v own_v in_o the_o account_n of_o cause_n than_o which_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o repugnant_a to_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n to_o science_n and_o to_o the_o order_n and_o unity_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o indeed_o then_o there_o must_v be_v a_o number_n actual_o infinite_a since_o all_o cause_n be_v actual_a but_o if_o any_o cause_n be_v uncause_v as_o certain_o some_o must_v be_v for_o the_o reason_n allege_v those_o uncause_v cause_n be_v principle_n or_o first_o cause_n more_o short_o either_o something_o in_o the_o universe_n of_o be_v be_v uncause_v and_o so_o be_v a_o principle_n for_o what_o be_v uncause_v be_v a_o principle_n or_o else_o every_o thing_n be_v cause_v but_o every_o thing_n can_v be_v cause_v for_o if_o every_o thing_n be_v cause_v nothing_o must_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o something_o for_o if_o every_o thing_n be_v cause_v every_o thing_n be_v once_o nothing_o for_o what_o be_v cause_v be_v nothing_o before_o it_o be_v cause_v and_o if_o every_o thing_n be_v once_o nothing_o either_o nothing_o must_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o some_o or_o which_o in_o effect_n be_v the_o same_o nothing_o may_v become_v something_o without_o any_o cause_n than_o which_o no_o thought_n can_v be_v more_o unreasonable_a again_o as_o nothing_o be_v more_o certain_a than_o that_o there_o be_v some_o principle_n so_o the_o stoic_n the_o wise_a of_o all_o the_o philosopher_n as_o well_o as_o the_o most_o devout_a affirm_v that_o there_o be_v two_o mind_n and_o matter_n thus_o seneca_n in_o his_o epistle_n ep._n 65._o universa_fw-la ex_fw-la materia_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la deo_fw-la constant_a all_o thing_n say_v he_o be_v compose_v or_o do_v consist_v of_o god_n and_o matter_n and_o indeed_o we_o can_v be_v more_o assure_v by_o all_o our_o faculty_n that_o there_o be_v action_n and_o passion_n in_o the_o world_n and_o that_o the_o world_n can_v neither_o be_v or_o persevere_v in_o be_v without_o they_o than_o we_o be_v to_o speak_v philosophical_o that_o there_o be_v two_o principle_n one_o the_o principle_n of_o all_o the_o action_n the_o other_o the_o principle_n of_o all_o the_o passion_n be_v in_o it_o the_o former_a the_o active_a principle_n or_o first_o subject_n of_o activity_n the_o latter_a the_o passive_a principle_n or_o first_o subject_n of_o passivity_n of_o which_o i_o call_v the_o first_o mind_n the_o second_o matter_n this_o assertion_n zeno_n in_o laertius_n full_o agree_v unto_o when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o principle_n of_o thing_n be_v two_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o active_a and_o the_o passive_a nor_o do_v the_o great_a originist_n moses_n say_v much_o less_o when_o in_o his_o genesis_n he_o write_v of_o the_o spirit_n of_o god_n that_o move_v and_o of_o the_o abyss_n and_o water_n upon_o which_o he_o move_v and_o methinks_v in_o all_o animal_n generation_n in_o which_o there_o must_v be_v a_o male_a and_o a_o female_a as_o who_o shall_v say_v a_o active_a and_o a_o passive_a principle_n there_o be_v some_o and_o this_o no_o very_a dark_a or_o obscure_a adumbration_n of_o it_o before_o i_o do_v proceed_v to_o a_o more_o particular_a consideration_n of_o these_o principle_n i_o will_v have_v it_o be_v observe_v that_o we_o ought_v to_o distinguish_v what_o be_v manifest_a certain_a and_o of_o undoubted_a truth_n concern_v they_o from_o that_o which_o be_v but_o doubtful_a and_o uncertain_a now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o thing_n as_o we_o do_v call_v matter_n such_o
or_o they_o but_o be_v only_o in_o the_o eye_n likewise_o the_o ear_n have_v no_o perceivance_n of_o thing_n as_o of_o a_o bell_n of_o a_o lute_n or_o of_o a_o viol_n but_o under_o sound_n and_o yet_o sound_a be_v only_o a_o sentiment_n in_o the_o ear_n that_o hear_v and_o be_v not_o or_o any_o thing_n like_o it_o in_o the_o bell_n or_o viol_n or_o lute_n that_o be_v hear_v for_o as_o the_o eye_n have_v no_o perceivance_n of_o thing_n but_o under_o colour_n that_o be_v not_o in_o they_o and_o the_o same_o time_n with_o due_a alteration_n must_v be_v say_v of_o the_o other_o sense_n so_o the_o understanding_n apprenot_n thing_n or_o any_o habitude_n or_o aspect_n of_o they_o but_o under_o certain_a notion_n that_o neither_o have_v that_o be_v in_o object_n or_o that_o be_v of_o object_n that_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v but_o be_v in_o all_o respect_n the_o very_a same_o to_o the_o mind_n or_o understanding_n that_o colour_n be_v to_o the_o eye_n and_o sound_v to_o the_o ear._n to_o be_v more_o particular_a the_o uunderstanding_n conceive_v not_o any_o thing_n but_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o enity_n and_o this_o either_o a_o substance_n or_o a_o accident_n under_o that_o of_o a_o whole_a over_o of_o a_o part_n or_o of_o a_o cause_n or_o of_o a_o effect_n or_o the_o like_a and_o yet_o all_o these_o and_o the_o like_a be_v only_a entity_n of_o reason_n conceive_v within_o the_o mind_n that_o have_v no_o more_o of_o any_o real_a true_a existence_n without_o it_o than_o colour_n have_v without_o the_o eye_n or_o sound_v without_o the_o ear._n every_o person_n that_o have_v the_o least_o understanding_n of_o the_o way_n in_o which_o we_o do_v apprehend_v thing_n will_v yield_v this_o to_o be_v true_a as_o to_o whole_a and_o part_v to_o cause_n and_o effect_v and_o to_o all_o the_o notion_n which_o be_v common_o term_v by_o logician_n the_o second_o and_o it_o be_v as_o certain_o true_a in_o reference_n to_o substance_n and_o accident_n to_o quantity_n quality_n and_o those_o other_o general_a notion_n under_o which_o the_o understanding_n apprehend_v its_o object_n though_o common_o they_o be_v call_v first_o one_o and_o in_o comparison_n of_o the_o other_o be_v so_o i_o have_v labour_v the_o more_o to_o make_v the_o notion_n that_o i_o have_v in_o this_o business_n plain_a and_o easy_a because_o much_o of_o what_o be_v to_o be_v say_v hereafter_o will_v depend_v upon_o it_o and_o now_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o my_o meaning_n be_v intelligible_a what_o remain_v be_v to_o evince_v true_a and_o this_o i_o shall_v do_v from_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o cogitation_n in_o general_n as_o it_o comprehend_v sensation_n as_o well_o as_o intellection_n since_o that_o the_o understanding_n do_v pinn_n its_o notion_n upon_o object_n arise_v not_o from_o its_o be_v such_o a_o particular_a kind_a of_o cogitative_a faculty_n but_o from_o its_o be_v cogitative_a at_o large_a let_v we_o then_o reflect_v again_o on_o the_o nature_n of_o cogitation_n at_o large_a it_o be_v certain_a that_o thing_n to_o we_o man_n be_v nothing_o but_o as_o they_o do_v stand_v in_o our_o analogy_n that_o be_v in_o plain_a term_n they_o be_v nothing_o to_o we_o but_o as_o they_o be_v know_v by_o we_o and_o as_o certain_a that_o they_o stand_v not_o in_o our_o analogy_n nor_o be_v know_v by_o we_o but_o as_o they_o be_v in_o our_o faculty_n in_o our_o sense_n imagination_n or_o mind_n and_o they_o be_v not_o in_o our_o faculty_n either_o in_o their_o own_o reality_n or_o by_o way_n of_o a_o true_a resemblance_n and_o representation_n but_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o certain_a appearance_n or_o sentiment_n which_o by_o the_o various_a impression_n that_o they_o make_v upon_o we_o they_o do_v either_o occasion_n only_o or_o cause_n or_o which_o be_v most_o probable_a concur_v unto_o in_o cause_v with_o our_o faculty_n every_o cogitative_a faculty_n though_o it_o be_v not_o the_o sole_a cause_n of_o its_o own_o immediate_a apparent_a object_n yet_o have_v a_o share_n in_o make_v it_o thus_o the_o eye_n or_o visive_n faculty_n have_v a_o share_n in_o make_v the_o colour_n which_o it_o be_v say_v to_o see_v the_o ear_n or_o auditive_a power_n a_o share_n in_o produce_v sound_n which_o yet_o it_o be_v say_v to_o hear_v the_o imagination_n have_v a_o part_n in_o make_v the_o imagy_n store_v in_o it_o and_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n for_o the_o understanding_n that_o it_o shall_v have_v a_o like_a share_n in_o frame_v the_o primitive_a notion_n under_o which_o it_o take_v in_o and_o receive_v object_n in_o sum_n the_o immediate_a object_n of_o cogitation_n as_o it_o be_v exercise_v by_o man_n be_v entia_fw-la cogitationis_fw-la all_o phaenomena_n appearance_n that_o do_v no_o more_o exist_v without_o our_o faculty_n in_o the_o thing_n themselves_o than_o the_o image_n that_o be_v see_v in_o water_n or_o behind_o a_o glass_n do_v real_o exist_v in_o those_o place_n where_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v but_o as_o this_o be_v a_o truth_n that_o many_o will_v admit_v with_o more_o facility_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o object_n of_o sense_n and_o imagination_n as_o colour_n sapour_n sound_n etc._n etc._n than_o to_o those_o of_o the_o mind_n or_o understanding_n such_o as_o substance_n accident_n quality_n action_n etc._n etc._n so_o i_o find_v myself_o oblige_v to_o give_v a_o far_a demonstration_n that_o it_o hold_v in_o these_o as_o well_o as_o in_o those_o which_o i_o hope_v to_o do_v by_o the_o follow_a consideration_n first_o the_o understanding_n converse_v not_o with_o thing_n ordinary_o but_o by_o the_o intervention_n of_o the_o sense_n and_o since_o sentiment_n of_o sense_n be_v but_o appearance_n not_o picture_n or_o proper_a representation_n it_o be_v hard_o to_o conceive_v how_o such_o conception_n be_v frame_v only_o by_o their_o occasion_n and_o only_o wrought_v out_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v pourtrait_n of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o and_o make_v just_a and_o exact_a to_o they_o second_o the_o understanding_n be_v a_o power_n of_o that_o nature_n that_o many_o think_v it_o do_v not_o immediate_o attinge_n as_o they_o call_v it_o or_o reach_v particular_a singular_a being_n which_o yet_o be_v the_o only_a being_n that_o compose_v the_o universe_n as_o member_n or_o part_n of_o it_o and_o real_o it_o use_v to_o proceed_v by_o way_n of_o abstraction_n and_o therefore_o do_v more_o connatural_o converse_v with_o universals_z that_o be_v not_o of_o mundane_a existence_n than_o with_o singular_n that_o be_v now_o since_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n do_v undergo_v a_o abstraction_n and_o sublimation_n certain_a it_o be_v they_o must_v put_v on_o another_o dress_n there_o and_o so_o appear_v in_o quite_o another_o shape_n than_o that_o they_o have_v in_o the_o world_n in_o short_a all_z agree_v that_o our_o conception_n of_o thing_n be_v but_o inadequate_a as_o indeed_o they_o must_v needs_o be_v since_o thing_n have_v much_o refraction_n may_v i_o so_o express_v it_o both_o before_o they_o come_v and_o after_o that_o they_o come_v to_o the_o mind_n and_o if_o they_o be_v inadequate_a they_o can_v be_v commensurate_a that_o be_v they_o can_v bo_z so_o just_a and_o exact_a to_o thing_n as_o to_o show_v they_o as_o they_o be_v and_o in_o their_o own_o existence_n three_o it_o may_v be_v argue_v from_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o a_o idea_n or_o notion_n since_o this_o after_o a_o sort_n be_v a_o sentiment_n of_o the_o mind_n as_o a_o sentiment_n proper_o so_o call_v be_v after_o a_o sort_n a_o idea_n or_o notion_n of_o the_o sense_n the_o immediate_a object_n of_o the_o sense_n be_v sensible_a sentiment_n and_o those_o of_o the_o understanding_n be_v intellectual_a one_o which_o they_o must_v needs_o be_v because_o the_o understanding_n itself_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o sense_n only_o a_o more_o sublimed_a and_o raise_v mens_fw-la ipsa_fw-la say_v cicero_n l._n 4._o academic_n quaest_n quae_fw-la sensuum_fw-la fons_fw-la est_fw-la etiam_fw-la ipsa_fw-la sensus_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o fine_a this_o be_v so_o certain_a a_o truth_n that_o whosoever_o reflect_v though_o never_o so_o little_a can_v choose_v but_o observe_v that_o as_o he_o take_v in_o nothing_o by_o his_o sense_n but_o under_o sentiment_n which_o be_v the_o notion_n of_o sense_n so_o he_o receive_v in_o nothing_o in_o his_o understanding_n but_o under_o certain_a notion_n which_o be_v the_o sentiment_n of_o the_o mind_n since_o he_o know_v nothing_o intellectual_o but_o either_o in_o general_a only_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o thing_n or_o more_o special_o under_o that_o of_o a_o substance_n or_o else_o of_o a_o accident_n and_o what_o be_v all_o these_o but_o objective_a notion_n as_o will_v appear_v in_o particular_a upon_o the_o examination_n and_o trial_n of_o they_o let_v we_o then_o inquire_v
mean_n of_o its_o own_o which_o i_o call_v notion_n as_o of_o substance_n quality_n cause_n effect_v whole_a part_n etc._n etc._n i_o have_v be_v somewhat_o long_o in_o the_o explication_n of_o this_o inference_n because_o to_o know_v the_o nature_n of_o our_o knowledge_n must_v needs_o be_v of_o great_a advantage_n unto_o we_o and_o much_o relieve_v we_o in_o our_o inquiry_n after_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n since_o it_o free_v we_o from_o the_o confusion_n that_o our_o mind_n must_v necessary_o be_v in_o shall_v it_o take_v the_o apparition_n of_o thing_n for_o such_o sentiment_n and_o notion_n be_v to_o be_v external_a and_o real_a existence_n will_v not_o a_o think_a man_n be_v much_o perplex_v to_o make_v a_o satisfy_a conception_n what_o that_o image_n be_v that_o he_o see_v in_o a_o glass_n or_o in_o water_n if_o he_o be_v persuade_v of_o its_o be_v a_o reality_n of_o existence_n and_o not_o a_o mere_a apparition_n the_o like_a must_v he_o be_v who_o take_v objective_a notion_n for_o real_a existence_n and_o who_o confound_v attribute_n that_o be_v only_a objective_n and_o that_o do_v belong_v to_o thing_n but_o as_o they_o be_v object_n with_o those_o that_o do_v belong_v unto_o they_o as_o they_o be_v thing_n and_o that_o be_v real_a however_o it_o will_v not_o follow_v as_o some_o have_v weak_o object_v that_o then_o nothing_o be_v real_a for_o though_o the_o image_n themselves_o of_o whiteness_n blackness_n redness_n greenness_n that_o do_v seem_v inherent_a in_o visible_a object_n be_v not_o real_o so_o yet_o real_o there_o be_v disposition_n and_o texture_n of_o particle_n in_o those_o object_n that_o by_o the_o various_a modification_n which_o they_o give_v the_o light_n do_v occasion_n in_o the_o eye_n to_o which_o the_o light_n be_v reflect_v all_o that_o diversity_n of_o sentiment_n which_o we_o call_v colour_n that_o do_v appear_v in_o those_o object_n the_o same_o mutatis_fw-la mutandis_fw-la must_v be_v say_v of_o sound_n sapour_n odour_n and_o of_o tangible_a quality_n and_o in_o proportion_n will_v hold_v also_o in_o mental_a notion_n for_o though_o the_o very_a notion_n of_o entity_n substance_n accident_n whole_a part_n cause_n effect_v and_o the_o like_a do_v not_o real_o exist_v without_o the_o mind_n yet_o as_o they_o do_v seem_v real_a and_o some_o more_o real_a than_o other_o so_o real_o they_o have_v in_o thing_n without_o we_o certain_a ground_n or_o foundation_n that_o upon_o our_o converse_n with_o these_o thing_n do_v natural_o occasion_n or_o excite_v such_o notion_n and_o sentiment_n in_o we_o but_o i_o will_v speak_v to_o this_o matter_n more_o particular_o because_o it_o be_v of_o importance_n first_o then_o the_o immediate_a object_n of_o cogitation_n both_o the_o sensitive_a and_o the_o intellectual_a be_v in_o appearance_n external_a to_o their_o several_a faculty_n that_o be_v such_o object_n do_v so_o seem_v to_o be_v without_o their_o several_a faculty_n to_o which_o they_o correspond_v that_o in_o appearance_n they_o be_v either_o the_o very_a ultimate_a object_n themselves_o of_o those_o faculty_n or_o at_o least_o do_v exist_v in_o they_o and_o upon_o this_o account_n be_v call_v object_n for_o whiteness_n seem_v to_o the_o eye_n to_o be_v in_o snow_n or_o in_o a_o white_a wall_n and_o sound_v to_o the_o ear_n to_o be_v in_o the_o air_n a_o man_n do_v seem_v to_o the_o understanding_n to_o be_v real_o a_o substance_n or_o a_o thing_n that_o be_v invest_v with_o accident_n if_o it_o be_v inquire_v how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o sentiment_n and_o notion_n which_o real_o be_v not_o in_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v without_o we_o do_v yet_o appear_v as_o if_o they_o be_v and_o consequent_o that_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v object_n it_o must_v be_v answer_v that_o this_o arise_v from_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o cogitation_n itself_o and_o of_o the_o cogitative_a faculty_n and_o that_o both_o reason_n and_o experience_n do_v evidence_n it_o must_v be_v so_o first_o reason_n show_v that_o it_o must_v be_v so_o for_o as_o we_o be_v conscious_a that_o we_o have_v a_o perceivance_n of_o object_n under_o certain_a image_n and_o notion_n so_o we_o be_v not_o conscious_a of_o any_o action_n by_o which_o our_o faculty_n shall_v make_v those_o image_n or_o notion_n and_o therefore_o be_v sensible_a that_o we_o be_v affect_v with_o such_o image_n and_o notion_n so_o long_o as_o and_o no_o long_a than_o we_o do_v attend_v to_o thing_n without_o we_o which_o thing_n be_v therefore_o call_v object_n and_o not_o be_v sensible_a that_o we_o be_v so_o by_o any_o action_n from_o within_o ourselves_o it_o can_v but_o appear_v unto_o we_o that_o we_o be_v affect_v only_o from_o the_o thing_n without_o we_o and_o so_o what_o real_o be_v only_o in_o ourselves_o must_v seem_v to_o come_v from_o those_o thing_n and_o consequent_o to_o be_v real_o in_o they_o experience_n also_o show_v to_o wit_n that_o what_o be_v real_o but_o in_o the_o cogitative_a faculty_n do_v yet_o seem_v without_o it_o for_o if_o the_o eye_n by_o any_o accident_n become_v infect_v with_o colour_n as_o to_o instance_n in_o a_o more_o receive_v than_o often_o experience_v matter_n with_o yellow_a by_o the_o yellow_a jaundice_n or_o with_o green_n as_o i_o have_v sometime_o observe_v before_o the_o come_n of_o convulsion_n that_o be_v for_o this_o be_v the_o reality_n if_o the_o visive_n spirit_n or_o whatever_o other_o part_n of_o the_o eye_n that_o be_v immediate_o concern_v in_o the_o act_n of_o vision_n be_v preter-natural_o put_v into_o the_o same_o motion_n with_o those_o which_o by_o the_o impression_n of_o yellow_a or_o green_a object_n they_o be_v natural_o put_v into_o in_o either_o of_o these_o case_n the_o object_n behold_v by_o that_o eye_n will_v appear_v as_o yellow_a or_o green_a though_o to_o every_o body_n else_o it_o be_v but_o white_a or_o red_a or_o of_o some_o other_o colour_n and_o whence_o come_v this_o but_o hence_o that_o the_o image_n conceive_v in_o the_o eye_n for_o in_o the_o instance_n allege_v the_o image_n of_o yellow_a and_o green_a be_v not_o where_o else_o be_v natural_o pin_v upon_o the_o object_n as_o be_v far_a evident_a in_o dazzle_v which_o be_v when_o a_o impression_n make_v upon_o the_o eye_n by_o one_o object_n become_v translate_v to_o another_o thus_o come_v out_o of_o a_o bright_a sunshine_n on_o a_o summer_n day_n into_o a_o darkish_a room_n one_o see_v a_o splendour_n in_o every_o corner_n and_o upon_o every_o object_n the_o like_a appearance_n there_o be_v upon_o the_o behold_n of_o object_n through_o tinctured_a glass_n so_o that_o it_o must_v be_v conclude_v that_o the_o immediate_a object_n of_o cogitation_n i_o mean_v the_o very_a image_n and_o sentiment_n that_o be_v perceive_v do_v to_o all_o appearance_n seem_v as_o external_a to_o the_o cogitative_a power_n as_o even_o the_o ultimate_a object_n themselves_o that_o be_v perceive_v under_o they_o which_o be_v the_o first_o thing_n to_o be_v show_v the_o second_o point_n to_o be_v show_v be_v that_o the_o immediate_a object_n of_o cogitation_n be_v external_a in_o their_o ground_n as_o well_o as_o in_o appearance_n and_o in_o truth_n be_v therefore_o external_a in_o appearance_n because_o they_o be_v so_o real_o in_o their_o ground_n and_o this_o be_v as_o certain_a as_o that_o every_o effect_n must_v have_v a_o cause_n for_o thing_n without_o we_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o do_v excite_v such_o image_n and_o notion_n in_o we_o in_o the_o order_n of_o nature_n we_o do_v see_v a_o thing_n so_o long_o as_o and_o no_o long_a than_o we_o keep_v our_o eye_n upon_o it_o and_o therefore_o that_o we_o do_v see_v it_o must_v come_v from_o some_o impression_n from_o the_o thing_n and_o since_o to_o see_v a_o thing_n be_v nothing_o but_o to_o have_v some_o image_n from_o it_o and_o so_o of_o it_o in_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o image_n be_v as_o the_o impression_n and_o the_o impression_n as_o the_o thing_n that_o make_v it_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o image_n be_v in_o the_o thing_n without_o we_o and_o since_o the_o image_n by_o which_o i_o mean_v light_n or_o colour_n be_v the_o immediate_a object_n of_o vision_n and_z that_o what_o be_v instance_a in_o one_o act_n of_o cogitation_n will_v equal_o hold_v in_o all_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o immediate_a object_n of_o all_o other_o cogitation_n as_o well_o as_o of_o vision_n be_v ordinary_o and_o natural_o as_o external_a in_o their_o ground_n as_o in_o appearance_n that_o be_v be_v fundamental_o external_a as_o well_o as_o apparent_o i_o think_v once_o to_o have_v end_v this_o chapter_n here_o but_o now_o before_o i_o do_v so_o i_o will_v add_v a_o inference_n or_o two_o from_o the_o former_a doctrine_n the_o first_o be_v that_o we_o learn_v from_o it_o the_o foundation_n of_o that_o
opinion_n the_o academic_n of_o old_a be_v in_o that_o no_o judgement_n can_v be_v make_v of_o truth_n that_o thing_n do_v seem_v to_o we_o but_o can_v be_v perceive_v by_o we_o and_o that_o no_o certainty_n but_o great_a probability_n only_o be_v to_o be_v attain_v unto_o by_o man_n for_o as_o this_o opinion_n have_v all_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o cogitation_n to_o give_v it_o countenance_n so_o those_o philosopher_n see_v it_o for_o they_o evident_o perceive_v that_o they_o see_v not_o the_o reality_n but_o only_o the_o appearance_n of_o thing_n plato_n the_o chief_a of_o they_o one_o of_o the_o most_o penetrate_a as_o well_o as_o the_o most_o elegant_a of_o all_o that_o ever_o be_v affirm_v that_o the_o present_a be_v a_o word_n of_o very_fw-la similitude_n only_o and_o not_o of_o truth_n and_o reality_n that_o the_o being_n in_o this_o world_n be_v only_a shadow_n but_o that_o the_o substance_n themselves_o be_v in_o the_o ideal_o how_o far_o herein_o he_o go_v with_o the_o truth_n may_v easy_o be_v perceive_v by_o what_o i_o have_v discourse_v before_o concern_v the_o nature_n of_o cogitation_n as_o also_o where_o he_o strike_v out_o the_o second_o inference_n be_v that_o since_o sentiment_n and_o notion_n bottom_v upon_o reality_n do_v seem_v the_o former_a to_o the_o sense_n the_o latter_a to_o the_o understanding_n to_o be_v reality_n and_o since_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o conceive_v and_o speak_v of_o thing_n ordinary_o and_o popular_o for_o all_o be_v not_o philosopher_n in_o that_o way_n and_o manner_n that_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v it_o follow_v that_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o conceive_v and_o speak_v of_o sentiment_n and_o notion_n in_o common_a conversation_n and_o to_o the_o people_n as_o if_o real_o they_o be_v the_o thing_n themselves_o that_o be_v perceive_v or_o at_o least_o be_v in_o they_o and_o so_o may_v say_v the_o snow_n be_v white_a the_o emerald_n be_v green_a and_o the_o like_a chap._n iu._n of_o the_o distribution_n of_o notion_n in_o the_o restrain_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n sect_n i._o notion_n be_v either_o the_o notion_n of_o thing_n or_o notion_n about_o thing_n of_o the_o notion_n of_o thing_n and_o first_o of_o entity_n or_o thing_n the_o pinax_fw-la entium_fw-la or_o general_a table_n of_o thing_n thing_n be_v either_o real_a or_o cogitable_a and_o these_o either_o mere_a cogitable_n or_o real_a cogitable_n a_o reality_n what_o a_o cogitable_a what_o of_o real_a cogitable_n real_a cogitable_n either_o proper_a or_o reductive_a proper_a real_a cogitable_n of_o two_o sort_n of_o the_o sense_n or_o of_o the_o mind_n these_o of_o the_o sense_n of_o two_o kind_n connatural_a or_o preternatural_a apparent_a colour_n be_v real_a connatural_a cogitable_n real_a cogitable_n of_o the_o mind_n like_o those_o of_o the_o sense_n of_o two_o kind_n connatural_a or_o preternatural_a real_a cogitable_n reductive_a subdivide_v into_o those_o of_o sense_n external_n internal_a and_o those_o of_o the_o understanding_n notion_n take_v in_o the_o limit_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n for_o objective_a idea_n by_o and_o under_o which_o the_o understanding_n apprehend_v and_o conceive_v of_o thing_n and_o which_o for_o this_o reason_n may_v be_v call_v fundamental_a as_o be_v essential_a to_o the_o business_n of_o knowledge_n be_v either_o notion_n of_o thing_n such_o as_o entity_n reality_n etc._n etc._n or_o notion_n about_o thing_n such_o as_o whole_a part_n cause_n effect_n etc._n etc._n of_o which_o the_o former_a be_v conceive_v as_o absolute_a the_o latter_a more_o as_o relative_a notion_n the_o notion_n or_o modi_n concipiendi_fw-la that_o i_o call_v the_o notion_n of_o thing_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o four_o to_o entity_n or_o thing_n reality_n substance_n and_o accident_n entity_n or_o thing_n be_v take_v in_o several_a sense_n either_o first_o in_o the_o large_a in_o which_o it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o something_o or_o aliquid_fw-la or_o two_o more_o strict_o as_o it_o comprehend_v but_o substance_n accident_n and_o modes_n or_o three_o most_o strict_o as_o it_o stand_v for_o substance_n only_o i_o take_v it_o not_o at_o this_o time_n in_o the_o large_a sense_n thing_n in_o the_o large_a sense_n be_v that_o which_o any_o wise_a be_v or_o that_o be_v knowable_a direct_o for_o nothing_o no_o wise_n be_v nor_o be_v knowable_a but_o indirect_o and_o by_o mean_n of_o thing_n of_o which_o it_o be_v a_o negation_n nothing_o be_v not_o a_o thing_n and_o thing_n or_o entity_n take_v in_o the_o large_a sense_n for_o aliquid_fw-la something_o be_v either_o real_a cogitable_a and_o this_o either_o mere_a cogitable_a real_a cogitable_a cogitabel_n as_o a_o thing_n substance_n accident_n some_o thing_n about_o thing_n as_o cause_n effect_v etc._n etc._n for_o that_o which_o any_o wise_a be_v be_v either_o without_o the_o think_n of_o any_o one_o upon_o it_o or_o it_o be_v no_o long_o than_o while_o one_o be_v a_o think_v and_o because_o he_o be_v a_o think_v on_o it_o that_o which_o be_v without_o the_o think_n of_o any_o one_o upon_o it_o and_o whether_o it_o be_v mind_v or_o no_o be_v a_o real_a thing_n or_o a_o reality_n a_o thing_n that_o so_o be_v in_o the_o world_n as_o that_o it_o be_v a_o part_n or_o appurtenance_n of_o it_o and_o such_o a_o thing_n be_v matter_n and_o every_o affection_n and_o every_o system_v of_o matter_n and_o such_o a_o thing_n also_o be_v mind_n that_o which_o no_o long_o be_v than_o while_o one_o be_v a_o think_v and_o because_o he_o be_v a_o think_v on_o it_o so_o that_o though_o it_o have_v that_o which_o be_v call_v in_o the_o school_n a_o objective_n be_v a_o be_v in_o the_o cogitative_a faculty_n yet_o have_v none_o without_o they_o in_o the_o world_n this_o i_o name_v a_o cogitable_a a_o cngitable_a thing_n or_o entity_n and_o thus_o all_o the_o sentiment_n of_o sense_n those_o of_o the_o mind_n and_o even_o mere_a objective_n notion_n be_v thing_n not_o thing_n of_o mundane_a and_o external_n existence_n but_o of_o cogitation_n and_o notion_n intentional_a not_o real_a thing_n for_o such_o be_v colour_n sound_n sapour_n time_n place_n substance_n accident_n cause_n effect_v etc._n etc._n they_o be_v intentional_a thing_n thing_n that_o as_o such_o have_v only_o a_o esse_fw-la objectivum_fw-la a_o esse_fw-la cognitum_fw-la as_o the_o schoolman_n phrase_n it_o cogitable_n or_o thing_n that_o have_v be_v only_o in_o the_o faculty_n that_o apprehend_v they_o and_o by_o virtue_n of_o their_o be_v apprehend_v be_v of_o two_o sort_n for_o either_o they_o have_v a_o be_v in_o faculty_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o impression_n make_v upon_o they_o from_o external_a object_n and_o consequent_o have_v ground_n and_o foundation_n in_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v without_o we_o or_o they_o have_v a_o be_v in_o our_o faculty_n only_o by_o a_o work_n of_o the_o faculty_n themselves_o without_o any_o such_o ground_n those_o cogitable_n that_o have_v be_v by_o mean_n of_o impression_n make_v upon_o our_o faculty_n by_o external_n object_n i_o call_v real_a cogitable_n cogitable_n because_o the_o be_v which_o they_o have_v be_v formal_o a_o be_v in_o cogitation_n only_o real_a cogitable_n because_o they_o have_v ground_n and_o foundation_n in_o thing_n that_o be_v real_a thus_o the_o sentiment_n of_o sense_n such_o as_o colour_n sound_n etc._n etc._n the_o fundamental_a notion_n of_o mind_n those_o of_o thing_n and_o those_o about_o they_o such_o as_o substance_n accident_n cause_n effect_v whole_a part_n etc._n etc._n be_v real_a cogitable_n cogitable_n for_o that_o the_o very_a image_n themselves_o the_o very_a idea_n be_v entity_n only_o of_o cogitation_n as_o have_v but_o a_o esse_fw-la cognitum_fw-la and_o real_a cogitable_n because_o they_o have_v ground_n in_o thing_n that_o be_v real_a for_o antecedent_o to_o any_o operation_n of_o the_o mind_n concern_v these_o cogitable_n there_o do_v real_o exist_v in_o the_o world_n thing_n that_o in_o their_o own_o nature_n be_v fit_v to_o produce_v or_o to_o occasion_v they_o in_o our_o faculty_n in_o a_o certain_a correspondence_n to_o themselves_o real_a cogitable_n be_v either_o proper_o so_o or_o but_o reductive_o real_a cogitable_n proper_a be_v such_o thing_n as_o have_v be_v in_o our_o faculty_n by_o the_o impression_n of_o external_n cause_n that_o be_v object_n as_o well_o as_o cause_n of_o the_o act_n that_o make_v those_o cogitable_n and_o these_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n for_o example_n for_o thing_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v best_a conceive_v in_o example_n there_o be_v greenness_n in_o grass_n as_o also_o in_o a_o emerald_n and_o there_o be_v bowedness_n in_o a_o oar_n or_o a_o staff_n that_o be_v in_o the_o water_n so_o as_o that_o part_n of_o it_o be_v in_o part_v out_o now_o both_o these_o the_o green_n and_o the_o bowedness_n be_v but_o appearance_n or_o poenomena_n and_o have_v equal_o one_o as_o much_o
as_o another_o their_o ground_n and_o foundation_n in_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v external_a to_o our_o faculty_n both_o be_v equal_o real_a and_o yet_o every_o one_o that_o consider_v must_v acknowledge_v that_o they_o be_v of_o very_o different_a nature_n and_o that_o bowedness_n be_v not_o in_o all_o respect_n of_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o appearance_n that_o green_n be_v as_o to_o its_o general_n nature_n the_o difference_n that_o be_v in_o such_o appearance_n depend_v upon_o the_o difference_n that_o be_v in_o their_o ground_n and_o therefore_o must_v be_v account_v for_o from_o these_o some_o appearance_n there_o be_v that_o do_v arise_v from_o sensation_n for_o i_o will_v begin_v with_o those_o of_o sense_n when_o it_o be_v make_v with_o all_o the_o condition_n and_o circumstance_n that_o be_v requisite_a to_o make_v it_o right_o and_o these_o i_o call_v connatural_a appearance_n such_o as_o the_o green_n in_o grass_n or_o in_o a_o emerald_n but_o there_o be_v other_o that_o arise_v from_o sensation_n when_o it_o be_v not_o make_v with_o all_o the_o condition_n and_o circumstance_n that_o be_v requisite_a to_o its_o be_v right_a and_o natural_a as_o when_o vision_n be_v make_v through_o a_o double_a medium_fw-la a_o thick_a and_o a_o thin_a and_o these_o appearance_n i_o call_v preternatural_a of_o which_o sort_n be_v that_o of_o bowedness_n in_o the_o oar_n or_o staff_n these_o appearance_n i_o call_v the_o former_a connatural_a the_o latter_a preternatural_a not_o in_o reference_n to_o nature_n as_o it_o be_v take_v for_o the_o complex_fw-la of_o all_o or_o any_o cause_n for_o in_o relation_n to_o their_o proper_a cause_n all_o effect_n be_v equal_o natural_a but_o as_o nature_n be_v take_v in_o a_o more_o restrain_v special_a sense_n of_o which_o more_o hereafter_o for_o a_o certain_a particular_a order_n of_o cause_n and_o effect_n as_o for_o the_o colour_n in_o a_o rainbow_n those_o of_o a_o pigeon_n neck_n and_o other_o of_o like_a nature_n though_o they_o be_v common_o call_v apparent_a and_o emphatical_a and_o by_o that_o denomination_n distinguish_v in_o school_n philosophy_n from_o those_o that_o be_v real_a and_o existent_a yet_o i_o think_v not_o fit_a to_o make_v another_o classis_fw-la for_o they_o for_o those_o fugitive_n changeable_a colour_n though_o they_o be_v not_o so_o fix_v and_o permanent_a as_o other_o be_v yet_o they_o be_v as_o real_a and_o as_o connatural_a as_o they_o the_o fugitive_n wave_a colour_n of_o changeable_a taffeta_n and_o those_o of_o stand_a corn_n while_o green_a agitate_a and_o wave_v by_o the_o wind_n be_v equal_o as_o real_a and_o connatural_a as_o the_o certain_a fix_a colour_n in_o scarlet_a cloth_n or_o in_o purple_a only_o though_o all_o these_o colour_n be_v equal_o real_a as_o have_v cause_n of_o their_o appearance_n that_o be_v equal_o real_a and_o all_o equal_o connatural_a because_o all_o alike_o be_v result_v of_o sensation_n due_o make_v with_o all_o their_o requisite_a circumstance_n yet_o since_o their_o cause_n be_v not_o equal_o permanent_a and_o fix_v but_o some_o be_v more_o some_o less_o it_o follow_v that_o some_o of_o these_o colour_n be_v more_o abide_v and_o permanent_a and_o some_o but_o transient_a and_o fugitive_n for_o all_o effect_n must_v be_v as_o their_o cause_n are._n but_o to_o return_v what_o i_o have_v say_v concern_v real_a cogitable_n of_o sense_n as_o to_o their_o distribution_n may_v likewise_o be_v say_v of_o those_o of_o the_o understanding_n that_o some_o be_v connatural_a some_o preternatural_a those_o i_o call_v connatural_a that_o result_n in_o the_o understanding_n when_o it_o have_v all_o the_o requisite_a condition_n and_o circumstance_n and_o these_o preternatural_a that_o arise_v from_o the_o work_n of_o the_o understanding_n when_o it_o want_v at_o least_o some_o of_o the_o requisite_a condition_n and_o circumstance_n particular_o when_o it_o be_v prejudice_v or_o not_o well_o ballast_v with_o observation_n and_o experiment_n make_v by_o sense_n in_o a_o word_n there_o be_v visa_fw-la animi_fw-la as_o well_o as_o visa_fw-la sensus_fw-la and_o some_o of_o they_o connatural_a some_o preternatural_a of_o the_o former_a every_o one_o that_o be_v well_o weigh_v and_o well_o ground_v be_v a_o example_n and_o for_o the_o latter_a we_o have_v as_o many_o example_n as_o there_o be_v ungrounded_a and_o senseless_a distinction_n and_o notion_n of_o which_o the_o schoolman_n afford_v we_o but_o too_o many_o in_o their_o substantial_a form_n inherent_a accident_n etc._n etc._n real_a cogitable_n reductive_a be_v such_o as_o come_v from_o cause_n that_o be_v cause_n only_o and_o not_o object_n as_o well_o as_o cause_n of_o the_o act_n of_o cogitation_n which_o immediate_o produce_v they_o and_o these_o as_o well_o as_o those_o that_o be_v proper_a be_v either_o of_o the_o external_n sense_n or_o of_o the_o imagination_n or_o of_o the_o reason_n and_o understanding_n since_o whatever_o be_v a_o effect_n of_o cogitation_n and_o withal_o arise_v from_o a_o external_a cause_n that_o be_v but_o a_o cause_n and_o not_o also_o a_o object_n of_o that_o act_n be_v a_o real_a cogitable_a reductive_a and_o not_o a_o fiction_n only_o of_o the_o mind_n and_o there_o may_v be_v such_o in_o the_o sense_n and_o imagination_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o understanding_n and_o reason_n before_o i_o give_v any_o instance_n of_o real_a cogitable_n reductive_a it_o may_v be_v necessary_a that_o i_o shall_v explain_v the_o meaning_n of_o a_o term_n that_o i_o have_v use_v to_o wit_n external_n cause_n by_o which_o i_o understand_v whatever_o be_v without_o the_o faculty_n and_o foreign_a to_o it_o though_o in_o other_o respect_v it_o may_v be_v internal_a as_o be_v within_o the_o agent_n to_o be_v plain_a whatever_o the_o understanding_n the_o imagination_n or_o any_o of_o the_o external_a sense_n conceive_v by_o mean_n of_o any_o impression_n even_o of_o cause_n within_o the_o agent_n if_o they_o act_v without_o its_o will_n be_v intend_v by_o i_o to_o come_v from_o a_o external_a cause_n and_o these_o objective_a conception_n if_o they_o come_v from_o cause_n that_o be_v not_o also_o object_n i_o call_v real_a cogitable_n reductive_a in_o this_o classis_fw-la of_o being_n i_o do_v reckon_v dream_n not_o only_o divine_a if_o any_o such_o there_o be_v and_o angelical_a dream_n dream_n that_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o divine_a or_o of_o angelical_a impression_n but_o also_o ordinary_a dream_n as_o also_o the_o vision_n of_o the_o feverish_a the_o melancholy_a and_o the_o hysterical_a and_o here_o likewise_o i_o reckon_v that_o appearance_n in_o our_o ear_n of_o the_o ring_n of_o bell_n which_o be_v only_o make_v by_o agitation_n of_o the_o internal_a air_n as_o also_o those_o sparkle_v as_o of_o fire_n that_o do_v appear_v to_o the_o eye_n upon_o a_o smart_a percussion_n or_o shake_n of_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o optic_a nerve_n either_o by_o a_o vehement_a agitation_n of_o the_o spirit_n within_o or_o a_o violent_a stroke_n or_o a_o strong_a frication_n of_o the_o eye_n from_o without_o sect_n ii_o of_o mere_a cogitable_n or_o fiction_n what_o a_o fiction_n be_v that_o all_o fiction_n be_v creature_n either_o of_o the_o mind_n or_o of_o the_o internal_a sense_n none_o make_v by_o the_o external_n sense_n the_o reason_n of_o it_o two_o philosophical_a doctrine_n observe_v one_o concern_v mere_a cogitable_n the_o other_o about_o real_a cogitable_n reductive_a why_o the_o representation_n of_o thing_n in_o prophetical_a dream_n be_v always_o make_v as_o if_o they_o be_v present_a all_z that_o i_o have_v say_v already_o relate_v to_o thing_n that_o be_v in_o our_o faculty_n by_o virtue_n of_o impression_n make_v upon_o they_o from_o external_n cause_n which_o cause_n be_v either_o cause_n and_o also_o object_n or_o cause_n only_o and_o not_o object_n there_o be_v other_o that_o do_v arise_v in_o we_o from_o the_o work_n of_o our_o faculty_n of_o themselves_o without_o any_o ground_n for_o it_o in_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v external_a either_o as_o a_o cause_n or_o as_o a_o object_n and_o these_o i_o call_v mere_a cogitable_n or_o fiction_n such_o as_o a_o hirco-cervus_a or_o a_o chimaera_n a_o golden_a mountain_n and_o the_o like_a fiction_n be_v all_o forge_a either_o by_o the_o mind_n and_o understanding_n or_o by_o the_o imagination_n and_o internal_a sense_n there_o be_v none_o in_o the_o external_a the_o eye_n the_o ear_n or_o the_o like_a and_o the_o reason_n be_v evident_a for_o fiction_n be_v voluntary_a thing_n thing_n that_o have_v always_o something_o of_o the_o will_n in_o they_o and_o therefore_o can_v be_v create_v by_o any_o faculty_n but_o that_o which_o be_v under_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o will_n which_o the_o external_n sense_n be_v not_o but_o the_o other_o power_n be_v for_o though_o we_o may_v think_v and_o also_o imagine_v what_o we_o will_v we_o can_v see_v or_o hear_v or_o
the_o notice_n which_o we_o receive_v from_o thing_n without_o we_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o thing_n as_o a_o vital_a energy_n as_o we_o be_v that_o there_o be_v a_o mechanical_a because_o we_o be_v as_o much_o assure_v of_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o one_o as_o we_o be_v of_o those_o of_o the_o other_o as_o much_o assure_v that_o there_o be_v life_n sensation_n and_o intellection_n that_o come_v from_o a_o vital_a as_o we_o be_v that_o there_o be_v actual_a local_a motion_n motion_n of_o ascent_n and_o descent_n motion_n direct_v and_o motion_n circular_a etc._n etc._n which_o as_o motion_n come_v from_o impulse_n the_o mechanical_a energy_n again_o as_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o local_a motion_n or_o that_o impulse_n which_o be_v the_o near_a physical_a principle_n of_o it_o be_v not_o matter_n or_o materiate_v but_o yet_o be_v in_o matter_n as_o unite_v unto_o it_o so_o by_o this_o consideration_n we_o may_v become_v as_o certain_a that_o vital_a energy_n and_o the_o effect_n of_o it_o though_o they_o be_v immaterial_a yet_o they_o may_v be_v in_o matter_n since_o there_o need_v no_o more_o of_o hook_n and_o crook_n to_o make_v the_o latter_a than_o to_o make_v the_o former_a to_o stick_v and_o hold_v together_o in_o the_o next_o place_n as_o the_o mechanical_a or_o loco-motive_n energy_n be_v diffuse_v throughout_o the_o world_n for_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o this_o that_o be_v entire_o at_o rest_n so_o be_v the_o vital_a since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o wherever_o and_o whenever_o any_o matter_n become_v dispose_v the_o vital_a principle_n be_v always_o at_o hand_n to_o actuate_v that_o matter_n and_o act_n in_o it_o according_a as_o the_o disposition_n of_o it_o do_v invite_v or_o permit_v all_o putrefaction_n or_o digestion_n any_o where_o determine_v in_o infect_v or_o little_a animal_n as_o experience_n evince_n the_o spirit_n be_v unfettered_a and_o let_v loose_a thereby_o and_o yet_o as_o the_o mechanic_n or_o loco-motive_n impulse_n be_v not_o receive_v in_o all_o texture_n of_o matter_n indifferent_o but_o that_o as_o i_o have_v show_v already_o there_o must_v for_o some_o certain_a modification_n of_o local_a motion_n be_v certain_a particular_a texture_n of_o matter_n so_o neither_o be_v the_o vital_a energy_n catch_v and_o receive_v indifferent_o by_o all_o texture_n of_o matter_n but_o as_o all_o life_n consist_v in_o motion_n or_o in_o something_o analogous_a so_o for_o certain_a gradation_n and_o exercise_n of_o life_n there_o must_v be_v certain_a particular_a fabric_n and_o texture_n of_o matter_n call_v organ_n and_o also_o certain_a particular_a disposition_n in_o the_o mechanical_a spirit_n for_o so_o i_o call_v the_o subtle_a active_a corpuscle_n in_o every_o concrete_a that_o be_v the_o immediate_a instrument_n of_o the_o vital_a principle_n in_o all_o its_o action_n of_o life_n in_o this_o corporeal_a world_n so_o that_o as_o actual_a motion_n the_o effect_n of_o loco-motive_n energy_n and_o even_o loco-motive_n energy_n itself_o as_o take_v for_o impulse_n be_v not_o material_a in_o this_o sense_n that_o it_o do_v consist_v of_o matter_n yet_o if_o to_o be_v material_a be_v understand_v of_o that_o which_o be_v dependent_a on_o matter_n and_o so_o dependent_a that_o it_o can_v be_v without_o it_o in_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n not_o only_o actual_a motion_n but_o even_o impulse_n the_o near_a physical_a principle_n of_o motion_n be_v material_a since_o neither_o of_o they_o can_v be_v but_o in_o and_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o matter_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o vital_a principle_n that_o animate_v corporeal_a being_n though_o it_o be_v not_o material_a in_o this_o sense_n that_o it_o be_v only_a matter_n or_o a_o mode_n of_o matter_n yet_o in_o another_o it_o be_v that_o it_o so_o depend_v in_o all_o its_o animal_n operation_n that_o it_o can_v exercise_v any_o but_o by_o mean_n of_o mater_n and_o according_a to_o the_o texture_n and_o quality_n of_o it_o nothing_o can_v be_v plain_a than_o this_o be_v to_o sense_n for_o in_o all_o the_o act_n of_o perception_n not_o only_o the_o sensitive_a but_o the_o intellectual_a as_o the_o organ_n be_v so_o be_v the_o action_n if_o the_o organ_n be_v sound_a and_o due_o dispose_v the_o action_n be_v conformable_a but_o if_o the_o organ_n be_v out_o of_o tune_n and_o vitiate_a the_o action_n be_v so_o likewise_o ay_o be_v total_o abolish_v if_o the_o organ_n be_v spoil_v beside_o the_o several_a kind_n and_o degree_n of_o deliration_n that_o man_n themselves_o be_v subject_a unto_o according_o as_o their_o spirit_n be_v ill_o qualify_v and_o distemper_v do_v further_o confirm_v it_o upon_o the_o whole_a as_o the_o vital_a energy_n it_o diffuse_v as_o light_n be_v throughout_o the_o universe_n so_o according_a to_o the_o several_a texture_n of_o matter_n that_o do_v catch_v it_o as_o a_o speculum_fw-la do_v the_o light_n it_o exert_v itself_o and_o be_v catch_v and_o retain_v by_o the_o congruity_n of_o the_o body_n for_o it_o be_v congruity_n only_o not_o hook_n or_o crook_n that_o hold_v they_o together_o it_o be_v call_v a_o soul_n and_o the_o whole_a complex_n of_o body_n and_o soul_n a_o animal_n what_o i_o have_v say_v do_v more_o particular_o regard_v the_o animal_n i_o call_v visible_a which_o we_o be_v better_o acquaint_v with_o than_o with_o other_o of_o a_o high_a nature_n but_o yet_o with_o a_o very_a easy_a application_n and_o by_o way_n of_o analogy_n it_o will_v also_o open_v the_o nature_n of_o these_o however_o this_o admonition_n do_v remind_v i_o of_o the_o next_o head_n to_o which_o i_o must_v pass_v and_o that_o be_v the_o distribution_n of_o animal_n chap._n vii_o animal_n be_v either_o invisible_a or_o visible_a in_o the_o former_a sort_n i_o reckon_v angel_n good_a and_o bad_a which_o be_v etherial_a as_o also_o the_o genii_n which_o be_v aerial_a animal_n invisible_a animal_n why_o call_v spirit_n that_o there_o be_v spirit_n evince_v 1._o from_o the_o general_a tradition_n of_o the_o world_n mr._n hobbs_n evasion_n of_o this_o argument_n consider_v 2._o from_o operation_n that_o can_v be_v account_v for_o but_o from_o such_o cause_n 3._o from_o intelligence_n and_o notification_n that_o can_v be_v resolve_v but_o upon_o this_o hypothesis_n 4._o from_o spectra_fw-la or_o apparition_n of_o the_o way_n and_o manner_n how_o spirit_n do_v appear_v that_o it_o be_v twofold_a real_a and_o visional_a that_o good_a angel_n when_o they_o do_v appear_v be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o spirit_n and_o the_o bad_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o fantome_n sect_n ii_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o animal_n in_o general_n but_o to_o bring_v a_o great_a light_n towards_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o animal_n nature_n i_o must_v consider_v its_o distribution_n and_o show_v the_o general_n kind_n or_o sort_n of_o animal_n that_o be_v in_o the_o universe_n and_o animal_n in_o conformity_n unto_o the_o body_n that_o do_v help_v to_o compose_v they_o be_v either_o visible_a or_o invisible_a by_o visible_a animal_n i_o mean_v such_o as_o do_v consist_v of_o gross_a matter_n and_o so_o have_v body_n that_o natural_o come_v under_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o external_a sense_n by_o invisible_a animal_n i_o mean_v such_o as_o have_v body_n so_o refine_v that_o natural_o they_o come_v not_o under_o the_o perception_n of_o all_o or_o any_o of_o the_o external_n sense_n visible_a animal_n which_o be_v the_o animal_n that_o compose_v this_o low_a elementary_a world_n for_o i_o will_v not_o undertake_v to_o speak_v of_o any_o such_o as_o may_v be_v in_o the_o other_o common_o call_v the_o superior_a and_o celestial_a the_o far_a discourse_n of_o they_o be_v proper_o refer_v unto_o physics_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v enter_v no_o far_o thereinto_o at_o this_o time_n but_o proceed_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o invisible_a by_o invisible_a animal_n i_o mean_v angel_n good_a and_o bad_a which_o i_o call_v aetherial_a animal_n as_o also_o those_o aereal_a one_o some_o ludicrous_a some_o torvous_a that_o be_v call_v genii_n all_o which_o with_o the_o several_a kind_n they_o far_o branch_n into_o i_o will_v comprehend_v under_o one_o name_n all_o spirit_n and_o so_o speak_v something_o of_o their_o nature_n demonstrate_v their_o reality_n and_o existence_n and_o in_o fine_a add_v something_o concern_v their_o apparition_n and_o the_o way_n of_o it_o as_o to_o their_o nature_n in_o general_n i_o think_v i_o shall_v have_v say_v all_o be_v necessary_a for_o i_o to_o say_v at_o this_o time_n when_o i_o shall_v have_v show_v that_o there_o be_v a_o sense_n in_o which_o it_o may_v be_v true_o say_v they_o be_v incorporeal_a as_o say_v they_o be_v general_o and_o yet_o there_o be_v a_o sense_n too_o in_o which_o they_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v corporeal_a if_o the_o have_v any_o mixture_n of_o matter_n in_o
must_v have_v body_n though_o glorious_a and_o spiritual_a body_n in_o fine_a that_o spirit_n be_v incorporeal_a being_n in_o this_o sense_n that_o they_o have_v not_o such_o gross_a elementary_a body_n as_o we_o have_v of_o flesh_n and_o blood_n and_o â—ones_n do_v not_o â—nfer_v that_o they_o be_v so_o in_o every_o sense_n of_o that_o word_n especial_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o as_o the_o apostle_n assure_v we_o there_o may_v be_v spiritual_a body_n and_o there_o appear_v not_o any_o incoherence_n in_o this_o that_o spirit_n shall_v have_v spiritual_a body_n beside_o the_o understanding_n itself_o that_o unto_o sense_n be_v a_o inorganical_a immaterial_a faculty_n be_v not_o absolute_o so_o but_o have_v the_o animal_n spirit_n for_o a_o organ_n since_o as_o these_o be_v dispose_v and_o texture_v well_o or_o ill_o even_o so_o the_o exercise_n of_o that_o noble_a power_n be_v either_o right_a or_o deprave_v and_o from_o the_o difference_n in_o these_o spirit_n do_v come_v the_o difference_n of_o wit_n which_o be_v many_o ay_o possible_o those_o animal_n spirit_n or_o something_o that_o resemble_v they_o may_v compose_v the_o body_n which_o accompany_v the_o depart_a soul_n for_o that_o some_o kind_n of_o body_n do_v which_o in_o the_o greek_a be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o learned_a origen_n have_v tell_v we_o l._n 2._o contra_fw-la celsum_fw-la which_o body_n he_o also_o say_v be_v that_o the_o separated_z soul_n be_v use_v to_o appear_v in_o but_o as_o to_o this_o i_o shall_v offer_v something_o hereafter_o by_o this_o discourse_n it_o be_v evident_a against_o mr._n hobbs_n and_o other_o of_o the_o sadducean_n opinion_n that_o spirit_n in_o their_o own_o nature_n be_v real_a and_o subsistent_a being_n and_o not_o mere_o power_n or_o operation_n and_o action_n though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o scripture_n such_o active_a and_o directive_n quality_n as_o be_v intelligible_a only_o and_o do_v not_o come_v direct_o within_o the_o cognizance_n of_o the_o sense_n be_v call_v spirit_n thus_o we_o read_v of_o a_o spirit_n of_o government_n and_o of_o prophecy_n that_o be_v first_o upon_o moses_n and_o afterward_o impart_v to_o the_o 70_o elder_n numb_a 11._o of_o a_o spirit_n of_o wisdom_n deut._n 4.9_o of_o the_o spirit_n of_o understanding_n the_o spirit_n of_o counsel_n and_o may_v the_o spirit_n of_o knowledge_n and_o of_o the_o fear_n of_o the_o lord_n isa_n 11.2_o ay_o that_o vexatious_a distemper_n that_o afflict_a saul_n and_o that_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o melancholy_a be_v call_v a_o evil_a spirit_n from_o the_o lord_n 1_o sam._n 16.14_o and_o in_o luke_n 13.11_o 12._o we_o read_v of_o a_o spirit_n of_o infirmity_n but_o though_o spirit_n in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n be_v often_o take_v in_o the_o instance_a sense_n and_o that_o the_o name_n of_o angel_n be_v a_o name_n of_o office_n rather_o than_o of_o nature_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o angel_n be_v represent_v in_o those_o sacred_a write_n as_o real_a subsist_v being_n all_o as_o real_a and_o subsist_v as_o man_n themselves_o be_v if_o the_o ascribe_v to_o they_o the_o like_a affection_n office_n and_o personal_a operation_n that_o man_n have_v and_o do_v execute_v and_o exert_v can_v prove_v they_o so_o sect_n ii_o that_o there_o be_v spirit_n prove_v by_o general_a tradition_n mr._n hobb_n answer_n to_o this_o argument_n show_v to_o be_v but_o a_o evasion_n from_o the_o evangelist_n matthew_n and_o mark_v etc._n etc._n and_o this_o remind_v i_o of_o the_o second_o point_n i_o have_v propose_v to_o discourse_n on_o in_o relation_n to_o spirit_n and_o that_o be_v their_o existence_n or_o be_v wherein_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o make_v it_o manifest_a that_o real_o there_o be_v such_o subsistent_a intellectual_a being_n as_o be_v incorporate_v but_o invisible_a which_o common_o we_o call_v spirit_n so_o that_o the_o name_n of_o spirit_n both_o of_o the_o good_a one_o as_o raphael_n gabriel_n etc._n etc._n and_o of_o the_o evil_a one_o as_o belzebub_n etc._n etc._n be_v name_n of_o substance_n or_o person_n and_o not_o of_o quality_n only_o ay_o be_v proper_a and_o not_o as_o mr._n hobbs_n tell_v we_o the_o name_n of_o satan_n and_o devil_n be_v only_o appellative_a name_n the_o first_o argument_n that_o i_o will_v use_v to_o evidence_n that_o there_o be_v spirit_n shall_v be_v take_v from_o the_o general_n tradition_n of_o the_o world_n it_o be_v receive_v among_o all_o nation_n as_o well_o the_o civilise_v as_o the_o barbarous_a and_o among_o all_o philosopher_n except_o the_o epicurean_o the_o ancient_n and_o the_o modern_a and_o some_o peripatetic_n and_o to_o i_o it_o be_v very_o unintelligible_a how_o such_o a_o sentiment_n shall_v obtain_v so_o general_o if_o it_o have_v not_o some_o foundation_n of_o truth_n for_o who_o shall_v spread_v the_o opinion_n to_o such_o a_o extent_n and_o what_o shall_v make_v it_o to_o take_v mr._n hobbs_n himself_o acknowledge_v it_o a_o truth_n that_o the_o belief_n of_o spirit_n be_v very_o general_a all_o the_o world_n over_o only_o he_o have_v a_o way_n which_o be_v peculiar_a to_o he_o of_o avoid_v the_o cogency_n and_o force_n of_o the_o argument_n and_o therefore_o i_o will_v here_o consider_v what_o he_o say_v it_o be_v true_a say_v he_o '_o that_o the_o heathen_n and_o all_o the_o nation_n of_o the_o world_n have_v acknowledge_v that_o there_o be_v spirit_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o hold_v to_o be_v incorporeal_a whereby_o it_o may_v be_v think_v that_o a_o man_n by_o natural_a reason_n may_v arrive_v without_o the_o scripture_n to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o that_o spirit_n be_v but_o the_o erroneous_a collection_n thereof_o by_o the_o heathen_n may_v proceed_v as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o from_o the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o ghost_n and_o phantom_n and_o such_o other_o apparition_n and_o from_o thence_o have_v the_o grecian_n their_o number_n of_o god_n their_o number_n of_o demon_n good_a or_o bad_a and_o for_o every_o man_n his_o genius_n which_o be_v not_o the_o acknowledge_v of_o this_o truth_n that_o spirit_n be_v but_o a_o false_a opinion_n concern_v the_o force_n of_o imagination_n thus_o mr._n hobbs_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o human_a nature_n ch._n 11._o s._n 6._o wherein_o he_o plain_o affirm_v that_o spirit_n and_o ghost_n be_v mere_a fantome_n or_o effect_n of_o the_o imagination_n a_o conceit_n in_o which_o he_o seem_v to_o have_v the_o concurrence_n of_o seneca_n for_o this_o philosopher_n epist_n 24._o tell_v we_o as_o mr._n hobbs_n do_v nemo_fw-la tam_fw-la pver_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la cerberum_fw-la timeat_fw-la &_o tenebras_fw-la &_o larvarum_fw-la habitum_fw-la nudis_fw-la ossibus_fw-la cohaerentium_fw-la this_o notion_n of_o spirit_n that_o mr._n hobbs_n insinuate_v remind_v i_o of_o another_o that_o a_o person_n who_o i_o know_v and_o who_o be_v repute_a not_o of_o the_o wise_a have_v of_o they_o for_o be_v ask_v what_o he_o think_v a_o spirit_n be_v he_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v the_o shadow_n of_o concscience_n and_o further_o demand_v concern_v a_o good_a angel_n what_o that_o be_v he_o reply_v a_o good_a be_v the_o shadow_n of_o a_o good_a conscience_n and_o a_o devil_n the_o shadow_n of_o a_o bad_a one_o and_o methinks_v he_o come_v near_o to_o mr._n hobbs_n but_o without_o jest_v i_o find_v that_o apparition_n of_o spirit_n be_v style_v phantom_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o two_o evangelist_n matthew_n and_o mark._n for_o when_o the_o disciple_n of_o our_o lord_n see_v he_o walk_v upon_o the_o sea_n and_o believe_v he_o to_o be_v a_o spirit_n the_o former_a of_o those_o evangelist_n tell_v we_o that_o they_o say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v a_o phantasm_n or_o as_o our_o translator_n render_v it_o a_o spirit_n matt._n 14.26_o and_o the_o latter_a have_v the_o same_o expression_n when_o speak_v of_o the_o same_o miracle_n he_o say_v they_o suppose_v he_o to_o be_v a_o phantasm_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o as_o in_o our_o english_a version_n they_o suppose_v it_o have_v be_v a_o spirit_n mark_n 6.49_o whence_o it_o evident_o follow_v against_o mr._n hobbs_n that_o man_n that_o be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o the_o power_n of_o fancy_n and_o of_o the_o interest_n it_o have_v in_o the_o apparition_n of_o spirit_n yet_o believe_v their_o real_a existence_n for_o the_o disciple_n that_o believe_v our_o lord_n to_o be_v a_o spirit_n appear_v and_o therefore_o say_v he_o be_v a_o phantasm_n which_o it_o seem_v be_v the_o usual_a expression_n at_o that_o time_n for_o such_o apparition_n do_v withal_o believe_v that_o a_o spirit_n be_v a_o reality_n and_o of_o great_a power_n for_o upon_o the_o suppose_a apparition_n they_o be_v say_v by_o one_o of_o the_o evangelist_n to_o be_v