so_o while_o they_o violate_v one_o will_n and_o order_n of_o divine_a gubernation_n they_o fulfil_v another_o if_o they_o will_v not_o willing_o do_v god_n will_v of_o precept_n which_o bring_v happiness_n with_o it_o what_o more_o just_a than_o that_o they_o suffer_v god_n will_v of_o punishment_n against_o their_o will_n thus_o wicked_a man_n fulfil_v god_n providential_a will_n while_o they_o break_v his_o preceptive_a wil._n yea_o satan_n himself_o be_v under_o chain_n of_o irresistible_a providence_n he_o be_v not_o a_o absolute_a much_o less_o a_o lawful_a monarch_n but_o usurper_n who_o have_v a_o restraint_n upon_o his_o power_n though_o not_o upon_o his_o malice_n he_o can_v act_n as_o he_o will_v and_o as_o the_o person_n of_o the_o wicked_a sin_n god_n gubernation_n about_o sin_n both_o man_n and_o devil_n fall_v under_o the_o providential_a gubernation_n of_o god_n so_o also_o their_o sin_n and_o here_o we_o be_v inevitable_o engage_v in_o that_o grand_a philosophic_a and_o scholastic_a question_n how_o far_o sin_n fall_v under_o the_o providential_a gubernation_n of_o god_n for_o the_o solution_n whereof_o we_o shall_v first_o premit_fw-la some_o distinction_n and_o then_o resolve_v the_o whole_a into_o certain_a proposition_n as_o for_o distinction_n 1_o we_o may_v consider_v sin_n 1_o in_o regard_n of_o its_o cause_n essicient_a and_o final_a or_o 2_o in_o regard_n of_o its_o essential_a and_o constitutive_a part_n mater_n and_o form_n 2_o we_o may_v consider_v the_o permission_n of_o sin_n which_o be_v either_o mere_o negative_a or_o positive_a and_o both_o as_o belong_v to_o a_o legislator_n or_o to_o a_o rector_n 3_o we_o may_v consider_v the_o providence_n of_o god_n as_o to_o its_o natural_a efficience_n or_o judicial_a gubernation_n these_o distinction_n be_v premiss_v we_o shall_v resolve_v our_o question_n in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n 1._o prop._n all_o sin_n as_o other_o thing_n have_v its_o origine_fw-la cause_n and_o constitutive_a part_n sin_n the_o cause_n and_o part_n of_o sin_n the_o ethnic_a as_o well_o as_o the_o christian_a school_n have_v admit_v many_o debate_n touch_v the_o origine_fw-la of_o evil_a or_o sin_n and_o we_o have_v this_o copiose_o ventilate_v by_o simplicius_n a_o acute_a philosopher_n in_o his_o commentaric_a on_o epicterus_fw-la c._n 34._o p._n 175._o etc._n etc._n and_o he_o seem_v to_o state_n it_o thus_o that_o sin_n be_v a_o privation_n have_v no_o proper_a principe_fw-la or_o cause_n though_o as_o to_o its_o substrate_a matter_n it_o may_v fall_v under_o some_o causalitie_n thus_o plato_n repub._n 2._o p._n 380._o and_o proclus_n on_o he_o deny_v that_o there_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d &_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d any_o cause_n or_o idea_n of_o evil_n because_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d evil_n be_v a_o irregular_a passion_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o privation_n of_o be_v which_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o formal_a reason_n of_o sin_n for_o as_o to_o be_v substrate_a matter_n plato_n and_o his_o follower_n grant_v that_o all_o good_a have_v its_o cause_n suarez_n metaphys_n disp_n 11._o sect._n 3._o p._n 251._o prove_n well_o 1_o that_o all_o sin_n must_v have_v some_o cause_n 1_o because_o nothing_o be_v evil_a of_o itself_o therefore_o from_o some_o cause_n 2_o because_o nothing_o be_v evil_a but_o as_o it_o recede_v from_o some_o perfection_n due_a to_o it_o but_o nothing_o fail_v of_o its_o due_a perfection_n but_o from_o some_o cause_n either_o agent_n or_o impedient_a now_o 2_o this_o be_v grant_v that_o all_o sin_n have_v some_o cause_n it_o thence_o necessary_o follow_v that_o some_o good_a must_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o sin_n for_o in_o as_o much_o as_o we_o may_v not_o proceed_v into_o infinite_a nor_o yet_o stop_v at_o some_o sin_n that_o have_v no_o cause_n we_o must_v necessary_o stop_v at_o some_o good_a which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o evil._n hence_o 3_o to_o explicate_v in_o what_o kind_a sin_n may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v a_o cause_n we_o must_v know_v 1_o that_o sin_n formal_o as_o sin_n require_v not_o a_o final_a cause_n yet_o it_o may_v admit_v the_o same_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o extrinsec_fw-la intention_n of_o the_o agent_n that_o sin_n formal_o as_o sin_n require_v not_o a_o final_a cause_n be_v evident_a because_o consist_v in_o a_o privation_n and_o defect_n it_o be_v not_o proper_o and_o of_o itself_o intend_v in_o thing_n thus_o simplicius_n in_o epictet_n c._n 34._o pag._n 174._o tell_v we_o that_o all_o act_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d do_v participate_v of_o good_a and_o therefore_o evil_a can_v have_v no_o end_n and_o yet_o that_o sin_n may_v have_v a_o final_a cause_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o extrinsec_fw-la intention_n of_o the_o agent_n be_v as_o evident_a because_o the_o agent_n may_v intend_v what_o be_v evil_a for_o some_o end_n for_o what_o be_v evil_a in_o one_o kind_n may_v be_v conducible_a or_o utile_fw-la in_o some_o other_o 2_o as_o to_o the_o efficient_a cause_n all_o sin_n have_v some_o efficient_a cause_n yet_o not_o per_fw-la se_fw-la of_o itself_o and_o proper_o but_o by_o accident_n and_o beside_o the_o primary_n intrinsec_fw-la intention_n of_o the_o agent_n man_n be_v say_v to_o be_v efficient_a or_o rather_o the_o deficient_a cause_n of_o sin_n by_o produce_v that_o action_n to_o which_o sin_n be_v appendent_a or_o annex_v god_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o efficient_a not_o deficient_a cause_n of_o the_o material_a act_n of_o sin_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o immediate_a universal_a efficience_n to_o all_o real_a entity_n 4_o as_o for_o the_o constitutive_a part_n of_o sin_n namely_o its_o mater_n and_o form_n 1_o all_o sin_n as_o sin_n have_v a_o material_a cause_n or_o substrate_a mater_n which_o be_v always_o natural_o good_n whence_o that_o great_a effate_n in_o the_o school_n all_o evil_a as_o evil_n have_v for_o its_o fund_z or_o subject_a some_o good_a thence_o augustin_n say_v that_o evil_n can_v be_v but_o in_o some_o good_a because_o if_o there_o be_v any_o pure_a evil_n it_o will_v destroy_v itself_o and_o the_o reason_n be_v manifest_a because_o sin_n as_o to_o its_o formal_a reason_n be_v not_o a_o thing_n pure_o positive_a neither_o be_v it_o a_o pure_a negation_n but_o a_o privation_n of_o debite_n perfection_n therefore_o it_o require_v a_o subject_n to_o which_o such_o a_o perfection_n be_v due_a and_o must_v not_o this_o subject_n then_o be_v something_o natural_o good_a be_v not_o every_o real_a positive_a be_v natural_o good_a because_o the_o effect_n of_o divine_a efficience_n can_v any_o perfection_n be_v due_a to_o any_o subject_a unless_o that_o subject_a be_v natural_o good_a 2_o as_o for_o the_o form_n of_o sin_n such_o as_o it_o have_v it_o consist_v in_o the_o privation_n of_o that_o moral_a rectitude_n which_o be_v due_a to_o the_o substrate_n mater_n or_o subject_a thus_o damascene_fw-la orthod_n fid._n lib._n 1._o cap._n 15._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d evil_n be_v the_o privation_n of_o good_a or_o substance_n so_o lib._n 2._o cap._n 30._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d sin_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o secession_n from_o good_a as_o darkness_n be_v a_o secession_n from_o light_n of_o which_o see_v more_o b._n 1._o c._n 4._o §_o 1._o and_o philosoph_n general_n p._n 1._o l._n 3._o c._n 3._o sect_n 4._o §_o 2._o indeed_o to_o speak_v proper_o sin_n have_v no_o formal_a reason_n or_o cause_n because_o it_o be_v a_o privation_n thus_o plato_n rep._n 2._o and_o proclus_n deny_v that_o sin_n have_v any_o formal_a idea_n as_o before_o yet_o according_a to_o the_o commun_n acceptation_n of_o a_o formal_a cause_n or_o reason_n we_o make_v its_o deordination_n or_o difformitie_n from_o the_o law_n the_o formal_a reason_n thereof_o hence_o 2._o sin_n god_n not_o the_o author_n of_o sin_n prop._n god_n providential_a efficience_n and_o gubernation_n about_o sin_n do_v no_o way_n denominate_v he_o the_o moral_a cause_n or_o author_n of_o sin_n thus_o plato_n repub._n 10._o say_v that_o god_n be_v the_o principal_a cause_n of_o all_o good_a but_o as_o to_o sin_n he_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d no_o cause_n thereof_o because_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d he_o be_v proper_o the_o cause_n of_o sin_n that_o choose_v it_o so_o repub._n 2._o pag._n 380._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n we_o must_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o contention_n refute_v that_o opinion_n that_o god_n who_o be_v most_o good_a be_v the_o author_n or_o moral_a cause_n of_o sin_n neither_o must_v we_o concede_fw-la that_o any_o speak_v or_o hear_v any_o such_o opinion_n in_o the_o city_n if_o we_o desire_v to_o have_v it_o well_o constitute_v and_o govern_v that_o this_o platonic_a sophism_n can_v be_v well_o understand_v of_o god_n natural_a efficience_n to_o the_o substrate_a matter_n of_o sin_n but_o only_o of_o
which_o may_v be_v of_o more_o public_a use_n to_o foreign_a nation_n but_o only_o touch_v brief_o on_o such_o argument_n as_o may_v confirm_v my_o own_o hypothesis_n with_o brief_a solution_n of_o the_o contrary_a objection_n that_o god_n concourse_n be_v not_o mere_o conservative_n of_o the_o principe_n virtue_n and_o force_n of_o second_o cause_n without_o any_o influence_n on_o the_o act_n be_v evident_a 1_o because_o subordination_n and_o dependence_n of_o second_o cause_n on_o the_o first_o not_o only_o for_o their_o being_n and_o virtue_n with_o the_o conservation_n thereof_o but_o also_o in_o their_o act_n and_o cause_v do_v formal_o appertain_v to_o the_o essential_a reason_n and_o constitution_n of_o a_o creature_n as_o such_o for_o the_o dependence_n of_o a_o creature_n on_o god_n not_o only_o in_o be_v but_o also_o in_o operation_n be_v not_o extrinsee_v to_o its_o essence_n but_o involve_v in_o the_o very_a intrinsec_fw-fr limitation_n thereof_o as_o suarez_n strong_o argue_v metaph._n disp_n 31._o §_o 14._o hence_o god_n by_o his_o absolute_a power_n can_v make_v a_o creature_n which_o shall_v be_v independent_a and_o not_o subordinate_a to_o he_o in_o operation_n for_o this_o imply_v a_o contradiction_n namely_o that_o a_o creature_n shall_v be_v and_o shall_v not_o be_v a_o creature_n for_o if_o it_o depend_v not_o on_o god_n in_o all_o its_o operation_n it_o be_v not_o a_o creature_n 2_o if_o the_o create_a will_n can_v subsist_v of_o itself_o and_o maintain_v its_o own_o virtue_n and_o force_n much_o less_o can_v it_o act_n of_o itself_o or_o by_o its_o own_o power_n the_o force_n of_o this_o argument_n lie_v in_o this_o if_o the_o create_v will_n can_v of_o itself_o conserve_v its_o own_o act_n in_o be_v when_o it_o be_v produce_v how_o be_v it_o possible_a that_o it_o shall_v produce_v the_o same_o of_o itself_o yea_o be_v not_o the_o very_a conservation_n of_o a_o act_n in_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o production_n thereof_o do_v not_o divine_n say_v that_o conservation_n be_v but_o continue_a creation_n how_o then_o can_v the_o will_v produce_v its_o own_o act_n of_o itself_o if_o it_o can_v of_o itself_o conserve_v the_o same_o or_o why_o may_v it_o not_o as_o well_o conserve_v its_o be_v and_o virtue_n as_o conserve_v its_o act_n of_o itself_o if_o we_o then_o as_o durandus_fw-la do_v allow_v god_n the_o conservation_n of_o the_o be_v principe_n and_o virtue_n must_v we_o not_o then_o also_o allow_v he_o by_o a_o parity_n of_o reason_n the_o conservation_n of_o the_o act_n and_o if_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o act_n why_o not_o also_o the_o production_n thereof_o this_o argument_n be_v well_o manage_v by_o bradwardine_n l._n 2._o c._n 24._o and_o 32._o 3_o whatever_o be_v independent_a in_o act_v must_v also_o necessary_o be_v so_o in_o be_v for_o term_n of_o essence_n always_o bring_v with_o they_o term_n or_o bound_n of_o activity_n a_o limit_a cause_n necessary_o be_v limit_v in_o its_o operation_n and_o where_o there_o be_v limit_n and_o term_n there_o must_v be_v subordination_n and_o dependence_n nothing_o can_v operate_v of_o itself_o independent_o as_o to_o all_o superior_a cause_n but_o what_o have_v be_v in_o and_o from_o itself_o for_o operation_n and_o its_o limitation_n always_o follow_v essence_n and_o its_o limitation_n as_o aristotle_n assure_v we_o 4_o what_o ever_o be_v variable_a and_o mutable_a necessary_o depend_v on_o somewhat_o that_o be_v invariable_a and_o immutable_a but_o every_o act_n of_o a_o create_v will_n be_v variable_a and_o mutable_a therefore_o dependent_a on_o the_o immutable_a first_o cause_n see_v more_o full_o suarez_n metaph._n disput_fw-la 22._o sect._n 1_o hurtado_n de_fw-fr mendoza_n phys_n disput_fw-la 10._o sect._n 10._o §_o 17._o but_o here_o it_o be_v object_v by_o durandus_fw-la and_o his_o sectator_n answer_v durandus_n objection_n answer_v 1._o that_o this_o destroy_v human_a liberty_n etc._n etc._n this_o objection_n be_v full_o answer_v in_o what_o precede_v of_o the_o will_n liberty_n part._n 2._o b._n 3._o c._n 9_o sect_n 3._o §_o 11_o 12._o and_o b._n 4._o c._n 1._o §_o 28._o also_o philosoph_n general_n p._n 1._o l._n 3._o c._n 3._o sect_n 2._o §_o 8_o 9_o where_o we_o full_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o necessary_a concourse_n of_o god_n be_v so_o far_o from_o destroy_v human_a liberty_n that_o it_o do_v confirm_v and_o promove_v the_o same_o in_o that_o it_o produce_v not_o only_o the_o act_n but_o its_o mode_n also_o determine_v the_o will_n to_o act_v free_o 2_o durandus_fw-la objecte_n that_o god_n can_v enable_v the_o second_o cause_n to_o produce_v its_o effect_n without_o the_o concourse_n of_o any_o other_o as_o it_o be_v manifest_a in_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o stone_n in_o the_o air_n which_o will_v move_v downward_o without_o a_o concourse_n to_o which_o we_o reply_v 1_o that_o this_o supposition_n be_v not_o to_o be_v suppose_v for_o as_o the_o concourse_n of_o god_n be_v necessary_o require_v to_o conserve_v the_o be_v and_o virtue_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n so_o also_o as_o to_o its_o motion_n neither_o be_v it_o more_o repugnant_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o stone_n to_o conserve_v itself_o than_o to_o move_v itself_o on_o supposition_n that_o the_o divine_a concourse_n be_v abstract_v 2_o suarez_n well_o respondes_fw-la that_o it_o involve_v a_o repugnance_n and_o contradiction_n to_o suppose_v the_o creature_n potent_a or_o able_a to_o act_v independent_o as_o to_o the_o creator_n concourse_n and_o the_o contradiction_n arise_v both_o on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n as_o also_o of_o the_o effect_n which_o be_v both_o being_n by_o participation_n essential_o depend_v on_o the_o first_o cause_n and_o god_n may_v as_o well_o make_v a_o be_v independent_a in_o essence_n as_o a_o agent_n independent_a in_o act_v both_o be_v equal_o repugnant_a to_o the_o perfection_n of_o god_n and_o imperfection_n or_o limitation_n of_o the_o creature_n 3_o durandus_fw-la objecte_n that_o it_o can_v be_v that_o two_o agent_n shall_v immediate_o concur_v to_o the_o same_o action_n unless_o both_o be_v only_o partial_a and_o imperfect_a agent_n the_o solution_n of_o this_o objection_n will_v be_v more_o complete_o manifest_a when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o immediation_n of_o the_o divine_a concourse_n §_o 4._o 1._o prop._n at_o present_a let_v it_o suffice_v 1_o that_o where_n total_a cause_n differ_v in_o kind_n it_o be_v no_o impediment_n or_o obstruction_n to_o either_o that_o both_o act_n immediate_o in_o their_o kind_n for_o the_o whole_a effect_n be_v total_o produce_v by_o each_o 2_o that_o it_o imply_v no_o imperfection_n in_o god_n to_o act_v immediate_o in_o and_o with_o the_o second_o cause_n because_o it_o be_v not_o from_o any_o insufficience_n or_o indigence_n that_o he_o make_v use_v of_o the_o creature_n but_o only_o from_o the_o immensity_n of_o his_o divine_a bounty_n that_o he_o communicate_v a_o virtue_n to_o the_o second_o cause_n and_o together_o therewith_o produce_v the_o effect_n 4_o but_o the_o main_a objection_n of_o durandus_fw-la and_o his_o sectator_n be_v take_v from_o sinful_a act_n unto_o which_o if_o god_n immediate_o concur_v what_o god_n concourse_n to_o the_o substrate_a matter_n of_o sin_n what_o he_o can_v but_o be_v the_o author_n of_o sin_n 1_o this_o objection_n albeit_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o favour_v the_o divine_a sanctity_n yet_o it_o real_o destroy_v the_o same_o in_o that_o it_o subvertes_o the_o sacred_a majesty_n his_o essence_n and_o independence_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n wherein_o his_o essental_a holiness_n do_v consist_v as_o before_o 2_o we_o easy_o grant_v that_o god_n be_v the_o cause_n only_o of_o good_a not_o of_o moral_a evil_a as_o such_o as_o before_z c._n 6._o §_o 3._o out_o of_o plato_n for_o indeed_o moral_a evil_a as_o such_o have_v no_o real_a idea_n or_o essence_n and_o therefore_o no_o real_a efficient_a cause_n but_o only_o deficient_a but_o yet_o 3_o we_o still_o aver_v that_o god_n do_v concur_v to_o the_o whole_a entitative_a act_n of_o sin_n without_o the_o least_o concurrence_n to_o the_o moral_a obliquity_n thereof_o for_o the_o entitative_a act_n of_o sin_n be_v of_o itself_o abstract_v from_o the_o moral_a deordination_n physical_o or_o natural_o good_a whence_o that_o commun_n say_v in_o the_o school_n all_o evil_n be_v found_v in_o good_a as_o in_o its_o subject_n there_o be_v no_o pure_a evil_n but_o what_o have_v some_o natural_a good_a for_o its_o substrate_a matter_n or_o subject_n now_o all_o good_a that_o be_v not_o god_n must_v be_v from_o god_n as_o the_o prime_a cause_n if_o god_n be_v not_o the_o immediate_a essicient_a of_o the_o entitative_a act_n of_o evil_n he_o be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o all_o good_a yet_o 4_o god_n be_v immediate_a concourse_n to_o the_o material_a act_n of_o sin_n do_v no_o way_n render_v he_o
moreover_o work_v immediate_o both_o by_o the_o immediation_n of_o virtue_n and_o essence_n in_o and_o with_o those_o mean_n hence_o esa_n 28.26_o god_n be_v say_v to_o teach_v the_o husbandman_n to_o plough_v i._n e._n how_o to_o cultivate_v and_o manage_v his_o ground_n as_o also_o to_o sow_v his_o seed_n etc._n etc._n that_o no_o inferior_a agent_n or_o second_o cause_n can_v execute_v any_o piece_n of_o divine_a providence_n providence_n no_o second_o cause_n can_v act_v but_o in_o subordination_n to_o god_n and_o by_o his_o providence_n but_o in_o virtue_n receive_v from_o and_o subordination_n to_o god_n the_o prime_a cause_n be_v most_o evident_a 1_o because_o where_o diverse_a agent_n subserve_v one_o supreme_a agent_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o effect_n be_v produce_v by_o they_o in_o commun_n as_o they_o be_v unite_v in_o the_o participation_n of_o motion_n and_o influence_n from_o the_o supreme_a agent_n for_o many_o can_v produce_v one_o effect_n but_o as_o one_o now_o the_o subservient_fw-fr agent_n of_o providence_n be_v so_o far_o one_o in_o their_o execution_n as_o they_o be_v subordinate_a to_o and_o influence_v by_o god_n the_o supreme_a agent_n 2_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o virtue_n and_o efficace_n of_o the_o second_o agent_n be_v from_o the_o virtue_n and_o influx_n of_o the_o first_o agent_n and_o be_v not_o god_n the_o first_o agent_n in_o all_o execution_n of_o providence_n 3_o all_o operation_n consequent_a to_o any_o influence_n be_v ascribe_v to_o that_o which_o give_v the_o influence_n as_o the_o proper_a cause_n thereof_o and_o do_v not_o all_o second_o cause_n receive_v their_o influence_n from_o god_n must_v not_o then_o all_o their_o execution_n and_o operation_n be_v ascribe_v to_o he_o as_o the_o prime_a cause_n 4_o all_o action_n that_o can_v subsiste_v without_o the_o impression_n and_o influence_n of_o some_o agent_n must_v be_v attribute_v to_o that_o agent_n as_o the_o cause_n thereof_o now_o can_v any_o execution_n of_o second_o cause_n subsist_v without_o the_o impression_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n must_v they_o not_o then_o all_o be_v attribute_v to_o he_o 5_o whatever_o apply_v the_o active_a virtue_n or_o draw_v it_o forth_o to_o act_v may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o act_n as_o a_o artificer_n by_o apply_v the_o virtue_n of_o any_o natural_a thing_n to_o any_o action_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o action_n now_o be_v not_o all_o application_n of_o any_o virtue_n in_o providential_a execution_n from_o god_n be_v he_o not_o then_o the_o cause_n of_o all_o such_o execution_n 6_o do_v not_o the_o virtue_n of_o every_o inferior_a agent_n depend_v on_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o superior_a agent_n as_o such_o and_o be_v not_o all_o second_o cause_n in_o providential_a execution_n inferior_a agent_n as_o to_o god_n the_o supreme_a agent_n 7_o be_v not_o every_o worker_n by_o its_o operation_n ordain_v to_o its_o last_o end_n and_o who_o in_o all_o providential_a operation_n ordain_v thing_n to_o their_o last_o end_n but_o god_n the_o first_o cause_n of_o all_o 8_o as_o particular_a cause_n be_v refer_v to_o particular_a effect_n so_o the_o universal_a cause_n to_o universal_a effect_n and_o be_v not_o god_n the_o universal_a cause_n of_o all_o effect_n 9_o to_o subtract_v or_o withdraw_v any_o providential_a execution_n from_o god_n ordination_n and_o efficience_n what_o be_v this_o but_o to_o subvert_v the_o best_a order_n even_o the_o subordination_n of_o second_o cause_n to_o the_o first_o 10_o god_n be_v intimely_a present_a with_o and_o in_o all_o providential_a execution_n and_o therefore_o can_v but_o influence_n the_o same_o the_o mover_n and_o move_v be_v always_o together_o god_n be_v the_o prime_a mover_n in_o all_o motion_n and_o therefore_o present_a with_o all_o the_o application_n of_o active_n unto_o passive_n be_v by_o he_o that_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o execution_n of_o providence_n but_o what_o be_v influence_v by_o god_n see_v aquinas_n contra_fw-la gent._n lib._n 3._o cap._n 67_o 68_o 70_o 76_o 77._o not_o to_o mention_v the_o various_a mean_n spirit_n fire_v the_o create_v universal_a spirit_n instrument_n and_o second_o cause_n which_o god_n employ_v in_o his_o providential_a efficience_n there_o be_v one_o which_o deserve_v a_o particular_a disquisition_n namely_o fire_n which_o be_v in_o its_o kind_n a_o universal_a mundane_a spirit_n the_o most_o potent_a instrument_n of_o nature_n and_o art_n and_o that_o which_o subserve_v the_o spirit_n of_o god_n the_o supreme_a increate_v universal_a spirit_n in_o all_o material_a production_n of_o providence_n as_o for_o the_o origine_fw-la of_o this_o create_v mundane_a spirit_n 1.3_o gen._n 1.3_o moses_n give_v it_o we_o gen._n 1.3_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d light_n or_o fire_n part_n of_o which_o be_v disperse_v among_o the_o celestial_a light_n or_o fire_n and_o part_v diffuse_v into_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o conservation_n animation_n vivification_n and_o nutrition_n of_o all_o part_n of_o the_o universe_n plato_n make_v frequent_a mention_n of_o fire_n as_o the_o most_o potent_a natural_a principe_fw-la or_o mundane_a spirit_n whereby_o allthing_n be_v foment_v agitate_a animate_v and_o perfect_v so_o in_o his_o timaeus_n p._n 31._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n nothing_o seem_v void_a of_o fire_n etc._n etc._n so_o p._n 56_o &_o 58._o he_o make_v fire_n to_o be_v the_o universal_a spirit_n diffuse_v throughout_o all_o part_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o elsewhere_o he_o call_v fire_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o great_a opificer_n of_o various_a effect_n and_o not_o only_o the_o chemist_n but_o also_o the_o stoic_n and_o most_o of_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n ascribe_v to_o fire_v a_o universal_a efficience_n as_o to_o all_o corporeous_a effect_n whence_o do_v all_o mineral_n metal_n and_o stone_n receive_v their_o origine_fw-la but_z from_o subterraneous_a fire_n what_o give_v rise_v to_o all_o vapour_n and_o fountain_n but_o fire_n whence_o proceed_v the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n with_o its_o saltness_n but_o from_o fire_n what_o give_v life_n and_o motion_n to_o all_o infect_v but_o fire_n either_o celestial_a or_o terrestrial_a whence_o spring_v the_o fermentation_n of_o humour_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n at_o spring_n with_o the_o vegetation_n and_o fructification_n of_o plant_n but_o from_o fire_n what_o be_v the_o animal_n soul_n of_o brute_n and_o of_o man_n body_n but_o a_o more_o pure_a aethereous_a fire_n these_o thing_n be_v more_o large_o demonstrate_v in_o our_o philosoph_n general_n p._n 1._o l._n 3._o in_o plato_n physics_n may_v we_o not_o then_o hence_o conclude_v that_o fire_n be_v a_o second_o mundane_a universal_a spirit_n under_o the_o spirit_n of_o god_n most_o efficacious_a and_o potent_a in_o all_o natural_a corporeous_a production_n and_o execution_n of_o providence_n §_o 4._o universal_a the_o object_n of_o divine_a providence_n universal_a have_v finish_v the_o principal_a and_o instrumental_a effective_a principes_fw-la of_o providence_n we_o now_o proceed_v to_o its_o object_n which_o according_a to_o sacred_a philosophy_n be_v of_o the_o most_o universal_a latitude_n according_a to_o the_o extension_n of_o divine_a omnipotence_n and_o efficience_n there_o be_v nothing_o so_o high_a as_o to_o be_v above_o divine_a providence_n nothing_o so_o low_a as_o to_o be_v beneath_o it_o nothing_o so_o ample_a and_o extensive_a as_o that_o it_o can_v be_v limit_v by_o it_o nothing_o so_o free_a as_o to_o second_o cause_n but_o it_o be_v necessary_o determine_v by_o it_o nothing_o so_o natural_a and_o necessary_a but_o its_o operation_n may_v be_v suspend_v by_o it_o as_o the_o fiery_a furnace_n wherein_o the_o three_o child_n be_v last_o nothing_o so_o evil_a but_o this_o divine_a providence_n can_v bring_v good_a out_o of_o it_o among_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n there_o be_v different_a persuasion_n about_o the_o object_n of_o divine_a providence_n and_o its_o latitude_n epicurus_n and_o some_o before_o he_o altogether_o deny_v the_o providence_n of_o god_n as_o before_o aristotle_n as_o grotius_n affirm_v confine_v the_o providence_n of_o god_n to_o celestial_a body_n yet_o laertius_n say_v he_o hold_v that_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n do_v reach_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n even_o to_o thing_n celestial_a and_o that_o he_o dispose_v thing_n terrestrial_a according_a to_o the_o sympathy_n they_o have_v with_o thing_n celestial_a some_o among_o the_o hebrew_n hold_v that_o god_n providence_n extend_v to_o man_n but_o not_o unto_o bests_n which_o sentiment_n some_o impute_v to_o pythagoras_n who_o much_o imitate_v the_o hebrew_n some_o also_o among_o the_o arabian_n assert_v a_o providence_n about_o universals_z or_o thing_n in_o commun_n but_o not_o about_o singulars_n which_o sentiment_n justin_n martyr_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o colloque_n with_o
tryphon_n reprehend_v in_o some_o of_o the_o grecian_a philosopher_n as_o impious_a but_o plato_n strong_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n extende_v to_o allthing_n even_o the_o most_o minute_n so_o leg._n 10._o pag._n 902._o but_o what_o if_o a_o physician_n be_v willing_a and_o able_a to_o cure_v the_o whole_a body_n if_o he_o shall_v provide_v for_o the_o great_a distemper_n but_o neglect_v the_o lesser_a will_v the_o cure_n be_v successful_a no_o sure_o so_o in_o like_a manner_n neither_o gubernator_n of_o ship_n nor_o imperator_n of_o soldier_n nor_o master_n of_o family_n nor_o minister_n of_o state_n nor_o any_o sort_n of_o man_n can_v well_o manage_v their_o affair_n unless_o they_o provide_v for_o small_a thing_n as_o well_o as_o great_a thence_o architect_n deny_v that_o great_a stone_n can_v be_v well_o cement_v or_o join_v together_o in_o a_o build_n without_o small_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n let_v we_o not_o then_o conceit_n that_o god_n be_v more_o vile_a than_o mortal_a opificer_n who_o by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o skilful_a they_o be_v by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o exquisite_o and_o accurate_o by_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o own_o art_n they_o consider_v both_o great_a and_o small_a thing_n in_o such_o work_n that_o belong_v to_o their_o art_n thence_o he_o conclude_v pag._n 903._o it_o seem_v to_o i_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o god_n do_v most_o easy_o and_o opportune_o provide_v for_o allthing_n this_o also_o the_o stoic_n general_o assert_v whereof_o we_o find_v a_o excellent_a account_n in_o arrianus_n his_o collection_n of_o epictetus_n philosophy_n l._n 1._o c._n 12._o pag._n 118._o there_o be_v some_o say_v he_o who_o assert_v there_o be_v no_o god_n other_o that_o grant_v there_o be_v a_o god_n but_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o he_o be_v slothful_a and_o negligent_a and_o provident_a of_o nothing_o i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v the_o epicurean_o a_o three_o sort_n who_o hold_v that_o there_o be_v a_o god_n and_o that_o he_o be_v provident_a but_o only_o of_o great_a and_o celestial_a thing_n not_o of_o terrene_a a_o four_o sort_n allow_v he_o a_o providence_n over_o terrestrial_a as_o well_o as_o celestial_a but_o only_o in_o commun_n not_o as_o to_o singular_n and_o particular_n a_o five_o sort_n of_o which_o number_n be_v ulysses_n and_o socrates_n assert_v that_o a_o man_n can_v not_o so_o much_o as_o move_v without_o god_n thence_o he_o go_v on_o to_o demonstrate_v god_n providence_n over_o all_o thing_n that_o god_n providence_n extende_v itself_o universal_o to_o all_o and_o singular_a being_n action_n substance_n accident_n modes_n etc._n etc._n may_v be_v demonstrate_v 1_o from_o the_o infinite_a omniscience_n and_o prescience_n of_o god_n which_o extende_v itself_o to_o the_o most_o minute_n singular_n 2_o from_o the_o omnipotent_a will_n of_o god_n which_o give_v futurition_n determination_n limit_n activity_n and_o operation_n to_o allthing_n 3_o from_o the_o prime_n and_o universal_a efficience_n of_o god_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n of_o allthing_n whatever_o be_v ens_fw-la by_o participation_n must_v proceed_v effective_o from_o god_n who_o be_v ens_fw-la by_o essence_n and_o if_o it_o proceed_v from_o he_o it_o must_v necessary_o fall_v under_o his_o providence_n 4_o from_o the_o certain_a determination_n futurition_n and_o order_n of_o all_o effect_n either_o allthing_n must_v fall_v under_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n or_o something_n must_v happen_v mere_o by_o chance_n without_o any_o certain_a cause_n of_o their_o futurition_n 5_o from_o the_o justice_n of_o god_n in_o reward_v what_o be_v good_a and_o punish_v what_o be_v evil_a for_o the_o execution_n of_o divine_a justice_n depend_v on_o his_o providence_n that_o god_n providence_n extende_v to_o all_o singular_n even_o to_o thing_n most_o contingent_a and_o minute_n be_v acute_o demonstrate_v by_o aquinas_n contra_fw-la gent._n l._n 3._o c._n 71_o 72_o 73_o 75_o 76._o so_o de_fw-fr potentia_fw-la dei_fw-la quaest_n 20._o he_o prove_v that_o god_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o every_o action_n both_o natural_a and_o voluntary_a five_o way_n 1_o by_o give_v virtue_n to_o act_v 2_o by_o continue_a conservation_n of_o that_o virtue_n 3_o by_o move_v the_o agent_n to_o act_v and_o apply_v the_o virtue_n to_o the_o action_n 4_o as_o he_o be_v the_o principal_a agent_n in_o every_o act_n and_o all_o other_o agent_n but_o instrument_n 5_o as_o he_o act_v immediate_o in_o all_o act_n of_o second_o agent_n as_o for_o the_o particular_a object_n unto_o which_o divine_a providence_n extende_v itself_o they_o may_v be_v thus_o distribute_v providence_n the_o particular_a object_n of_o providence_n 1_o all_o natural_a being_n even_n the_o most_o minute_n and_o imperceptible_a fall_n under_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n sacred_a philosophy_n make_v mention_n of_o the_o hair_n of_o the_o head_n which_o be_v vile_a and_o contemptible_a even_o to_o a_o proverb_n yea_o all_o natural_a generation_n corruption_n alteration_n motion_n and_o action_n be_v subject_a to_o god_n providence_n not_o only_o the_o generic_n nature_n and_o species_n of_o thing_n both_o substance_n and_o accident_n be_v determine_v by_o god_n but_o also_o all_o individual_n and_o singular_n with_o all_o their_o circumstance_n and_o mode_n yea_o thing_n most_o minute_n thus_o bradwardine_n pag._n 7_o 25_o 291._o prove_n that_o the_o least_o thing_n come_v under_o god_n prescience_n and_o providence_n 2_o allthing_n necessary_a or_o contingent_a there_o be_v nothing_o so_o contingent_a or_o free_a as_o to_o any_o second_o cause_n but_o it_o be_v determine_v and_o fore-ordained_n by_o divine_a providence_n as_o aquinas_n accurate_o demonstrate_v contra_fw-la gent._n l._n 3._o c._n 71_o 72_o 73._o so_o bradwardine_n pag._n 271_o 274._o what_o more_o contingent_a than_o the_o lot_n and_o yet_o this_o fall_v under_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n as_o prov._n 16.33_o the_o lot_n be_v cast_v into_o the_o lap_n but_o the_o whole_a dispose_n of_o it_o be_v of_o the_o lord_n 3_o allthing_n politic_a all_o revolution_n alteration_n advances_n declination_n with_o all_o other_o politic_a concern_v of_o state_n be_v order_v and_o govern_v by_o divine_a providence_n 4_o allthing_n human_a all_o man_n thought_n inclination_n interest_n design_n and_o undertakement_n be_v subordinate_a to_o providence_n hence_o 5_o all_o sinful_a act_n fall_v under_o the_o same_o 6_o ecclesiastic_a affair_n and_o supernatural_a act_n end_n and_o effect_n be_v order_v by_o divine_a providence_n of_o which_o hereafter_o in_o sum_n god_n providence_n extende_v itself_o to_o all_o those_o thing_n unto_o which_o his_o omnipotent_a will_n efficience_n and_o causalitie_n extende_v i._n e._n unto_o whatever_o come_v within_o the_o notion_n of_o real_a entity_n it_o reach_v all_o natural_a preternatural_a supernatural_a and_o moral_a action_n and_o event_n when_o man_n contradict_v god_n will_v of_o precept_n do_v they_o not_o obey_v or_o sulfil_v his_o will_n of_o providence_n be_v any_o thing_n so_o great_a that_o it_o come_v not_o within_o his_o power_n or_o so_o small_a that_o it_o come_v not_o within_o his_o care_n i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a how_o much_o some_o of_o late_a as_o well_o divine_v as_o physician_n have_v assay_v to_o exempt_a the_o period_n or_o term_n of_o human_a life_n from_o the_o immutable_a determination_n of_o divine_a providence_n but_o how_o much_o this_o hypothesis_n contradicte_v both_o pagan_a and_o sacred_a philosophy_n will_v be_v more_o full_o evident_a by_o what_o follow_v §_o 5._o from_o the_o effective_a principes_fw-la and_o object_n of_o divine_a providence_n providence_n the_o adjunct_n of_o providence_n as_o before_o state_v there_o follow_v many_o essential_a adjunct_n and_o character_n thereof_o as_o 1._o providence_n be_v not_o mere_o permissive_a efficacious_a 1._o it_o be_v efficacious_a but_o energetic_a and_o efficacious_a for_o 1_o divine_a providence_n necessary_o suppose_v not_o only_o a_o intention_n of_o a_o end_n and_o the_o order_n or_o dispose_n of_o mean_n but_o also_o the_o assecution_n and_o attainment_n of_o the_o end_n it_o be_v true_a human_a providence_n as_o such_o may_v provide_v mean_v most_o proper_a and_o expedient_a and_o yet_o by_o the_o interposition_n of_o other_o second_o cause_n come_v short_a of_o its_o end_n but_o divine_a providence_n always_o reach_v its_o end_n thus_o homer_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d god_n counsel_n and_o decree_n be_v always_o fulfil_v 2_o all_o second_o cause_n be_v subject_a unto_o and_o therefore_o can_v no_o way_n impede_fw-la or_o hinder_v divine_a providence_n whence_o arise_v all_o active_a and_o passive_a virtue_n in_o second_o cause_n but_o from_o divine_a disposition_n be_v it_o possible_a then_o that_o the_o execution_n of_o divine_a providence_n shall_v be_v hinder_v by_o the_o force_n or_o defect_n of_o any_o inferior_a agent_n or_o patient_n be_v not_o all_o natural_a agent_n instrument_n of_o divine_a providence_n
be_v not_o the_o last_o end_n the_o rule_n and_o measure_n of_o all_o order_n be_v not_o every_o thing_n then_o right_o dispose_v when_o it_o be_v convenient_o bring_v into_o a_o subordination_n to_o its_o last_o end_n wherefore_o the_o contemplation_n of_o the_o last_o end_n be_v of_o great_a moment_n in_o moral_a philosophy_n and_o they_o say_v that_o plato_n be_v the_o first_o that_o use_v the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o this_o philosophic_a and_o strict_a notion_n for_o homer_n and_o other_o of_o the_o ancient_n use_v the_o word_n to_o express_v a_o effect_n in_o its_o accomplishment_n and_o perfection_n but_o plato_n restrain_v it_o so_o as_o to_o signify_v thereby_o a_o final_a cause_n or_o that_o which_o be_v last_o in_o the_o series_n of_o thing_n desire_v yet_o first_o in_o intention_n this_o cicero_n interpret_v extreme_a last_o chief_a what_o force_n efficace_n and_o influence_n the_o last_o end_n have_v in_o moral_n plato_n frequent_o inculcate_n so_o in_o his_o theaetetus_n he_o assure_v we_o that_o all_o science_n be_v inutile_fw-la yea_o noxious_a without_o the_o notice_n of_o the_o best_a end_n this_o last_o end_n he_o make_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o principal_a end_n of_o allthing_n which_o proclus_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o end_n of_o ends._n and_o for_o the_o more_o full_a and_o clear_a explication_n of_o this_o last_o end_n its_o universal_a influence_n and_o excellence_n the_o follow_a proposition_n be_v diligent_o to_o be_v consider_v 1._o prop._n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o we_o constitute_v some_o last_o end_n as_o well_o posititive_o as_o negative_o in_o every_o series_n of_o action_n this_o hypothesis_n be_v well_o argue_v by_o suarez_n metaph._n disput_fw-la 24._o sect._n 1_o and_o the_o reason_n be_v most_o evident_a for_o look_v as_o in_o descent_n from_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o end_n to_o the_o election_n and_o execution_n of_o the_o mean_n we_o must_v necessary_o at_o last_o stop_v in_o some_o one_o or_o more_o mean_n which_o be_v first_o in_o execution_n though_o last_o in_o intention_n so_o in_o ascent_n from_o the_o mean_n to_o the_o end_n it_o be_v as_o necessary_a that_o we_o at_o last_o stop_v in_o some_o last_o end_n which_o be_v first_o in_o intention_n and_o last_o in_o execution_n again_o as_o there_o be_v a_o subordination_n of_o second_o cause_n to_o the_o first_o cause_n so_o in_o like_a manner_n of_o inferior_a end_n to_o the_o last_o end_n for_o in_o end_n and_o those_o thing_n that_o conduce_v thereto_o there_o can_v be_v a_o progress_n into_o infinite_a but_o as_o there_o be_v a_o first_o mean_n from_o whence_o the_o motion_n begin_v so_o there_o must_v be_v a_o last_o end_n in_o which_o it_o terminate_v in_o end_n there_o be_v a_o twofold_a order_n 1_o of_o intention_n 2_o of_o execution_n and_o in_o both_o order_n there_o must_v be_v a_o first_o and_o a_o last_o that_o which_o be_v first_o in_o the_o order_n of_o intention_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o principe_n which_o move_v the_o appetite_n and_o give_v bound_n to_o it_o and_o therefore_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o last_o end_n that_o which_o be_v first_o in_o the_o order_n of_o execution_n be_v the_o first_o mean_v conduce_v to_o the_o last_o end_n so_o that_o a_o progress_n into_o infinite_a be_v on_o neither_o part_n possible_a if_o there_o be_v not_o a_o last_o end_n nothing_o can_v be_v desire_v no_o action_n of_o the_o appetite_n can_v be_v terminate_v neither_o will_v the_o intention_n of_o the_o agent_n ever_o cease_v if_o there_o be_v not_o a_o first_o mean_n from_o whence_o the_o execution_n shall_v begin_v no_o agent_n can_v begin_v to_o work_v etc._n etc._n 2._o prop._n the_o last_o end_n of_o allthing_n must_v be_v as_o extensive_a and_o ample_a as_o the_o first_o principe_n or_o cause_n thus_o plato_n de_fw-fr leg._n 4_o p._n 715._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d god_n as_o the_o old_a tradition_n testify_v have_v in_o himself_o the_o principe_n and_o end_v and_o medium_fw-la of_o allthing_n in_o which_o he_o plain_o indigitates_fw-la that_o god_n be_v the_o first_o cause_n and_o last_o end_n of_o allthing_n that_o the_o last_o end_n be_v as_o large_a as_o the_o first_o principe_n be_v evident_a because_o the_o order_n of_o end_n must_v correspond_v and_o answer_v to_o the_o order_n of_o agent_n as_o they_o who_o be_v under_o god_n ought_v not_o moral_o neither_o can_v they_o physical_o move_v but_o as_o dependent_a on_o the_o motion_n and_o concourse_n of_o god_n the_o first_o cause_n so_o neither_o ought_v they_o to_o desire_v any_o thing_n under_o god_n but_o what_o may_v conduce_v to_o god_n as_o their_o last_n end_n such_o as_o the_o universality_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n be_v in_o give_v be_v or_o welbeing_n such_o be_v the_o universality_n of_o the_o last_o end_n in_o require_v and_o call_v for_o the_o improvement_n of_o al._n neither_o do_v man_n pay_v the_o homage_n due_a to_o his_o first_o cause_n far_o than_o his_o regress_n thereto_o answer_v his_o progress_n therefrom_o god_n as_o the_o first_o principe_n give_v be_v and_o as_o the_o last_o end_n terminate_v and_o six_v the_o be_v confer_v wherefore_o the_o creature_n that_o depend_v on_o god_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n must_v tend_v to_o he_o as_o his_o last_n end_n 3._o prop._n the_o last_o end_n of_o allthing_n can_v be_v but_o one_o this_o hypothesis_n both_o plato_n and_o aristotle_n concord_n in_o and_o the_o reason_n be_v most_o apparent_a because_o allthing_n desire_v their_o utmost_a perfection_n which_o consist_v in_o their_o tendence_n to_o the_o most_o perfect_a be_v now_o the_o most_o perfect_a be_v can_v be_v but_o one_o for_o if_o there_o shall_v be_v more_o than_o one_o most_o perfect_a than_o the_o one_o will_v have_v somewhat_o which_o the_o other_o have_v not_o and_o so_o neither_o will_v be_v most_o perfect_a every_o good_a by_o the_o addition_n of_o some_o other_o good_a be_v make_v better_a and_o more_o perfect_a except_o the_o most_o simple_a and_o perfect_a good_a by_o the_o participation_n whereof_o all_o other_o good_n be_v make_v better_a hence_o 4._o prop._n every_o man_n in_o every_o human_a act_n virtual_o if_o not_o actual_o intend_v some_o last_o end_n this_o be_v manifest_a because_o in_o every_o human_a act_n something_o be_v desire_v for_o itself_o which_o can_v be_v refer_v to_o any_o other_o thing_n and_o what_o be_v this_o but_o some_o last_o end_n again_o man_n natural_o desire_v the_o compliment_n of_o all_o good_a and_o albeit_o there_o may_v not_o be_v a_o actual_a elicit_a intention_n in_o every_o man_n as_o to_o his_o last_o end_n yet_o there_o be_v a_o natural_a propension_n thereto_o whence_o proceed_v all_o act_n about_o particular_a good_n 5._o prop._n the_o last_o end_n be_v desire_v infinite_o without_o end_n or_o term_n thence_o aristotle_n follow_v plato_n herein_o in_o his_o magn._n moral_a lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o define_v the_o last_o end_n thus_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o perfect_a end_n be_v that_o which_o be_v obtain_v we_o neither_o desire_v nor_o need_v any_o thing_n beyond_o it_o so_o the_o stoic_n who_o be_v akin_a to_o the_o platonist_n define_v the_o last_o end_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o which_o all_o office_n be_v perform_v but_o it_o for_o nothing_o else_o so_o that_o the_o last_o end_n give_v term_n and_o bound_n to_o allthing_n but_o admit_v no_o term_n or_o measure_n as_o to_o take_v away_o the_o first_o cause_n of_o our_o be_v suppose_v we_o not_o to_o be_v so_o to_o take_v away_o the_o last_o end_n suppose_v a_o confuse_a infinity_n as_o to_o act_n therefore_o something_o must_v be_v simple_o desirable_a for_o itself_o and_o for_o no_o other_o for_o that_o which_o a_o man_n desire_v in_o order_n to_o a_o further_a end_n the_o same_o he_o desire_v in_o such_o a_o measure_n as_o be_v most_o conducible_a to_o that_o end_n but_o what_o he_o desire_v for_o itself_o towards_o that_o his_o desire_n be_v infinite_a for_o the_o better_a it_o be_v the_o more_o desirable_a therefore_o if_o infinite_o good_a infinite_o desirable_a without_o term_n or_o bound_n the_o only_a measure_n of_o love_v our_o last_o end_n be_v to_o love_v it_o without_o measure_n for_o the_o last_o end_n be_v the_o term_n of_o the_o appetite_n it_o may_v not_o receive_v term_n or_o limit_n from_o any_o other_o thing_n but_o by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o it_o be_v love_v by_o so_o much_o the_o better_a be_v the_o love_n in_o allthing_n appetible_a the_o last_o end_n give_v measure_v but_o receive_v none_o because_o the_o proper_a reason_n of_o allthing_n we_o desire_v be_v take_v from_o the_o end_n hence_o 6._o prop._n the_o last_o end_n be_v the_o term_n and_o measure_n of_o allthing_n what_o
future_a neither_o by_o what_o be_v past_a that_o be_v eternity_n it_o be_v therefore_o about_o be_v in_o itself_o a_o life_n together_o total_a and_o full_a and_o every_o where_o altogether_o without_o distance_n this_o be_v the_o eternity_n we_o inquire_v about_o in_o these_o platonic_a philosopheme_v about_o eternity_n we_o find_v these_o observables_n 1_o that_o eternity_n have_v no_o difference_n of_o time_n or_o succession_n of_o part_n either_o past_a or_o future_a 2_o that_o it_o be_v but_o one_o only_o fix_v permanent_a be_v or_o instant_a 3_o that_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o total_a and_o full_a without_o distance_n of_o part_n whence_o eternity_n be_v define_v by_o boethius_n a_o interminable_a possession_n of_o life_n total_a perfect_a and_o all_o at_o once_o it_o be_v total_a not_o in_o regard_n of_o part_n but_o as_o it_o include_v the_o most_o perfect_a negation_n of_o succession_n it_o be_v all_o at_o once_o as_o it_o be_v but_o one_o fix_v instant_a thus_o justin_n martyr_n in_o paraen_n call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o eternal_a and_o infinite_a now_o or_o instant_a but_o here_o we_o must_v distinguish_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o instant_a fluens_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d nunc_fw-la aliud_fw-la est_fw-la stans_fw-la aliud_fw-la est_fw-la fluens_fw-la into_o that_o which_o be_v permanent_a or_o fix_v and_o that_o which_o be_v fluent_a eternity_n be_v not_o a_o fluent_a instant_a such_o as_o they_o make_v to_o be_v in_o time_n but_o nunc_fw-la or_o instans_fw-la stans_fw-la a_o stand_v fix_v permanent_a instant_a or_o as_o plotinus_n style_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o stand_a be_v without_o past_a or_o future_a possess_v allthing_n at_o once_o total_o and_o perfect_o without_o the_o least_o vicissitude_n thus_o bradwardine_n de_fw-fr causa_fw-la dei_fw-la l._n 2._o c._n 50._o pag._n 830._o hence_o it_o evident_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o immutable_a instant_a throughout_o all_o eternity_n and_o that_o the_o whole_a of_o eternity_n be_v not_o more_o or_o great_a than_o its_o instant_a nor_o the_o instant_a of_o eternity_n more_o simple_a or_o less_o than_o it_o but_o that_o eternity_n and_o its_o instant_a be_v real_o one_o and_o the_o same_o but_o here_o before_o we_o proceed_v far_o we_o can_v without_o violence_n offer_v to_o the_o law_n of_o philosophic_a disquisition_n let_v pass_v unexamined_a the_o assault_n which_o learn_v more_o in_o his_o divine_a dialogue_n dial._n 1_o s._n 15._o pag._n 58._o make_v against_o this_o commun_n notion_n of_o eternity_n that_o it_o be_v a_o permanent_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o instant_a at_o once_o this_o idea_n of_o god_n eternity_n he_o clog_n with_o these_o contradiction_n 1_o that_o allthing_n shall_v have_v be_v real_o and_o essential_o with_o god_n from_o all_o eternity_n at_o once_o and_o yet_o be_v bear_v in_o time_n and_o succession_n this_o objection_n be_v as_o i_o conceive_v full_o answer_v in_o what_o precede_v 4._o prop._n to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v that_o allthing_n be_v present_a with_o god_n even_o before_o their_o existence_n not_o in_o the_o dominican_n notion_n by_o reason_n of_o any_o real_a presentialitie_n or_o coexistence_n to_o god_n eternity_n but_o only_o by_o their_o intentional_a coexistence_n in_o the_o divine_a decree_n as_o twisse_n have_v well_o demonstrate_v against_o the_o dominican_n scientiae_fw-la med._n lib._n 2._o pag._n 377_o 400._o 2_o learned_a more_n add_v that_o eternal_a duration_n shall_v be_v at_o once_o be_v also_o to_o i_o utter_o unconceivable_a and_o that_o one_o permanent_a instant_n shall_v be_v commensurate_a or_o rather_o equal_a to_o all_o succession_n of_o age_n to_o which_o we_o answer_v 1_o as_o before_o that_o eternity_n be_v not_o a_o fluent_a successive_a instant_a but_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o stand_a instant_a 2_o that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o temporary_a finite_a create_v instant_a but_o a_o eternal_a infinite_a and_o increate_v instant_a and_o therefore_o every_o way_n commensurate_n to_o all_o the_o succession_n of_o age_n but_o 3_o he_o add_v beside_o if_o the_o duration_n of_o god_n be_v all_o at_o once_o since_o no_o agent_n act_v but_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o its_o own_o duration_n god_n must_v both_o create_v and_o destroy_v the_o world_n at_o once_o whence_o it_o seem_v impossible_a that_o eternal_a duration_n shall_v be_v indistant_a to_o itself_o or_o without_o continuation_n of_o interval_n to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v 1_o that_o this_o consequence_n seem_v very_o inconsequent_a and_o unworthy_a of_o so_o learned_a a_o man_n because_o not_o ad_fw-la idem_fw-la for_o god_n eternity_n which_o he_o make_v to_o be_v a_o successive_a duration_n be_v real_o the_o same_o with_o his_o essence_n but_o his_o creation_n and_o destruction_n of_o the_o world_n as_o act_n ad_fw-la extra_fw-la and_o in_o regard_n of_o their_o passive_a attingence_n coincident_a with_o the_o creature_n fall_n under_o successive_a duration_n and_o so_o can_v be_v simultaneous_a or_o at_o once_o 2_o his_o conclusion_n that_o god_n eternal_a duration_n can_v be_v without_o continuation_n of_o interval_n seem_v to_o i_o of_o very_o dangerous_a consequence_n and_o that_o which_o both_o plato_n and_o plotinus_n who_o he_o value_v abhor_v to_o say_v no_o worse_o but_o 3_o to_o conclude_v i_o grant_v that_o the_o notion_n instant_a as_o apply_v to_o god_n eternity_n be_v but_o metaphoric_n and_o rather_o negative_a than_o positive_a to_o exclude_v all_o manner_n of_o succession_n or_o duration_n by_o interval_n from_o god_n as_o before_o hence_o 6._o essence_n eternity_n the_o same_o with_o the_o divine_a essence_n prop._n eternity_n have_v one_o and_o the_o same_o idea_n with_o the_o divine_a essence_n eternity_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o increate_v duration_n of_o god_n or_o god_n himself_o whence_o the_o platonist_n stile_n god_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d supereternal_a and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d transcendent_a eternity_n and_o plato_n mind_n herein_o be_v incomparable_a well_o explicate_v by_o plotinus_n ennead_n 3._o l._n 7._o num_fw-la 1._o pag._n 325._o what_o therefore_o must_v we_o call_v eternity_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o very_a intelligible_a divine_a essence_n for_o see_v we_o conceive_v of_o eternity_n as_o most_o venerand_a there_o be_v nothing_o more_o venerand_a than_o the_o intelligible_a divine_a essence_n so_o pag._n 326._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n again_o the_o intelligible_a world_n and_o eternity_n comprehend_v in_o themselves_o the_o same_o thing_n by_o the_o intelligible_a world_n he_o mean_v according_a to_o plato_n the_o ideal_o world_n i._n e._n god_n as_o decree_a allthing_n so_o numb_a 6._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d what_o therefore_o principal_o shall_v that_o be_v by_o which_o we_o say_v the_o whole_a divine_a world_n be_v eternal_a and_o everlasting_a where_o he_o make_v eternity_n to_o be_v the_o first_o divine_a essence_n as_o it_o connote_v a_o interminable_a state_n of_o identity_n and_o life_n for_o to_o persevere_v in_o a_o identity_n of_o essence_n with_o a_o absolute_a and_o intrinsec_fw-la necessity_n be_v the_o most_o noble_a and_o perfect_a mode_n of_o duration_n which_o differ_v more_o than_o generical_o from_o all_o other_o mode_n of_o duration_n and_o therefore_o most_o proper_a to_o god_n who_o eternity_n be_v a_o permanent_a increated_a duration_n vorstius_n and_o his_o sectator_n make_v the_o eternity_n of_o god_n to_o be_v a_o accident_n and_o divisible_a successive_a duration_n but_o this_o plotinus_n refute_v num_fw-la 3._o pag._n 327._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n neither_o true_o may_v we_o imagine_v that_o eternity_n happen_v to_o that_o divine_a nature_n extrinsecal_o and_o as_o a_o accident_n but_o that_o it_o be_v in_o it_o and_o of_o it_o and_o together_o with_o it_o for_o it_o be_v consider_v as_o intimate_o unite_v to_o and_o essential_o one_o with_o the_o divine_a nature_n wherein_o he_o clear_o prove_v that_o eternity_n be_v not_o a_o accident_n but_o the_o same_o with_o the_o divine_a essence_n which_o argument_n may_v be_v thus_o improve_v 1_o if_o eternity_n in_o god_n be_v a_o accident_n either_o it_o be_v cause_v by_o god_n or_o not_o if_o it_o be_v cause_v than_o it_o have_v a_o beginning_n and_o so_o not_o eternity_n if_o it_o be_v a_o accident_n not_o cause_v by_o god_n than_o it_o be_v cause_v by_o itself_o or_o without_o cause_n which_o be_v both_o absurd_a 2_o if_o the_o eternity_n of_o god_n be_v a_o accident_n then_o finite_a or_o infinite_a it_o can_v be_v a_o finite_a accident_n because_o a_o finite_a duration_n can_v be_v commensurate_a to_o a_o infinite_a be_v it_o can_v be_v a_o infinite_a accident_n because_o then_o there_o will_v be_v somewhat_o infinite_a beside_o god_n 3_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o eternity_n can_v be_v a_o accident_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o very_a
power_n in_o god_n distinct_a from_o his_o wil._n this_o proposition_n have_v be_v already_o demonstrate_v c._n 5._o §_o 4._o yet_o for_o more_o abundant_a conviction_n let_v we_o examine_v the_o origine_fw-la necessity_n and_o use_v of_o a_o executive_a power_n in_o the_o creature_n and_o then_o we_o shall_v see_v what_o little_a ground_n there_o be_v to_o ascribe_v the_o same_o to_o god_n the_o great_a assertor_n and_o promotor_n of_o executive_a power_n have_v be_v aristotle_n and_o his_o sectator_n who_o on_o false_a hypothesis_n presume_v that_o a_o substance_n can_v act_v immediate_o without_o some_o executive_a power_n which_o they_o make_v a_o species_n of_o quality_n albeit_o such_o kind_n of_o qualitative_a power_n be_v now_o general_o explode_v by_o all_o who_o resolve_v not_o to_o serve_v a_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n yet_o there_o still_o remain_v a_o place_n for_o executive_a power_n in_o nature_n when_o the_o principal_a agent_n can_v reach_v the_o effect_n immediate_o thus_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n put_v forth_o all_o act_n of_o sense_n and_o motion_n by_o some_o executive_a power_n yet_o the_o human_a soul_n can_v and_o do_v oft_o act_v immediate_o special_o in_o its_o immanent_a act_n without_o any_o executive_a power_n and_o thus_o god_n in_o all_o his_o effect_n act_n immediate_o by_o his_o omnipotent_a will_n without_o any_o executive_a power_n for_o he_o be_v present_a in_o and_o with_o all_o effect_n and_o therefore_o need_v no_o executive_a power_n to_o supply_v his_o absence_n again_o the_o will_n of_o god_n be_v omnipotent_a as_o c._n 5._o §_o 3._o and_o we_o shall_v anon_o prove_v it_o more_o full_o and_o therefore_o it_o need_v no_o executive_a power_n to_o execute_v what_o it_o will_v be_v not_o the_o divine_a will_n propose_v to_o we_o in_o sacred_a philosophic_a as_o irresistible_a and_o if_o it_o be_v so_o can_v it_o not_o then_o execute_v its_o own_o pleasure_n without_o any_o executive_a power_n indeed_o the_o great_a scholastic_a wit_n have_v espouse_v and_o defend_v this_o hypothesis_n namely_o that_o the_o will_n and_o executive_a power_n of_o god_n be_v real_o the_o same_o and_o not_o so_o much_o as_o rational_o or_o formal_o distinct_a thus_o joan._n major_n 2._o sent._n dist_n 1._o q._n 1._o prove_v that_o god_n create_v the_o world_n by_o his_o intellect_n and_o will_n without_o any_o executive_a power_n formal_o distinct_a of_o which_o hereafter_o §_o 5.4_o prop._n thus_o bradwardine_n l._n 2._o c._n 29._o alvarez_n de_fw-fr auxil_n l._n 2._o p._n 129._o with_o other_o of_o who_o in_o the_o next_o proposition_n and_o indeed_o suarez_n metaph._n disp_n 22._o s._n 2._o p._n 555._o do_v in_o part_n grant_v our_o hypothesis_n in_o that_o he_o acknowlege_v that_o the_o concourse_n of_o god_n as_o it_o regard_v the_o effective_a principe_fw-la be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o divine_a will_n which_o concur_v with_o the_o creature_n to_o its_o act_n this_o he_o call_v concursus_fw-la ad_fw-la intrà _fw-la the_o intern_a concourse_n which_o he_o make_v to_o be_v the_o principe_fw-la of_o all_o act_n adextrá_fw-fr yet_o i_o must_v confess_v elsewhere_o namely_o disp_a 30._o s._n 17._o he_o make_v mention_n of_o a_o executive_a power_n in_o god_n the_o same_o with_o his_o essence_n contain_v in_o it_o eminent_o all_o create_v perfection_n and_o so_o some_o divine_n as_o well_o as_o philosopher_n assert_v a_o executive_a power_n in_o god_n thus_o heereboord_n select_a exit_fw-la philosoph_n disp_n 8._o endeavour_n to_o prove_v that_o god_n concourse_n whereby_o he_o influence_v thing_n ad_fw-la extra_fw-la be_v not_o simple_o his_o volition_n because_o god_n volition_n simple_o be_v a_o immanent_a act_n but_o his_o concourse_n be_v a_o transient_a act_n ad_fw-la extra_fw-la but_o this_o argument_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o no_o weight_n because_o we_o easy_o grant_v that_o the_o concourse_n of_o god_n quoad_fw-la attingentiam_fw-la passivam_fw-la as_o to_o its_o passive_a attingence_n be_v distinct_a from_o god_n and_o the_o same_o with_o the_o concourse_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n or_o effect_n but_o that_o which_o we_o be_v now_o discourse_v of_o be_v the_o concourse_n of_o god_n in_o regard_n of_o its_o active_a attingence_n as_o it_o regard_v god_n the_o principe_n and_o in_o this_o respect_n we_o only_o assert_v that_o the_o concourse_n of_o god_n be_v the_o same_o with_o his_o volition_n simple_o consider_v this_o will_v be_v further_a evident_a by_o the_o next_o proposition_n 3._o prop._n the_o divine_a will_n be_v of_o itself_o omnipotent_a and_o efficacious_a omnipotent_a the_o divine_a will_n omnipotent_a this_o proposition_n be_v most_o evident_a 1_o because_o the_o divine_a will_n can_v be_v frustrate_v thus_o suarez_n 1.2_o ae_z tract_n 3._o disput_fw-la 11._o sect._n 2._o p._n 311._o we_o must_v say_v say_v he_o that_o when_o god_n will_v absolute_o and_o efficacious_o that_o man_n will_v somewhat_o the_o human_a will_n can_v discord_n from_o the_o divine_a the_o reason_n be_v clear_a because_o the_o divine_a will_n efficacious_a and_o simple_o absolute_a can_v be_v fruitrate_v see_v it_o be_v infinite_a so_o bradward_n l._n 1._o c._n 10._o now_o it_o remain_v to_o show_v that_o the_o divine_a will_n be_v universal_o efficacious_a insuperable_a and_o necessary_a in_o cause_v nor_o impedible_a and_o frustrablein_a any_o manner_n who_o know_v not_o that_o it_o necessary_o follow_v if_o god_n can_v do_v any_o thing_n and_o will_n it_o he_o do_v it_o 2_o the_o divine_a will_n be_v the_o universal_a first_o cause_n of_o allthing_n it_o can_v but_o be_v most_o efficacious_a for_o be_v not_o this_o the_o main_a difference_n between_o the_o first_o and_o second_o cause_n the_o universal_a and_o particular_a cause_n that_o this_o may_v fail_v of_o its_o effect_n but_o that_o can_v never_o a_o particular_a cause_n oft_o come_v short_a of_o its_o effect_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o interposition_n of_o some_o other_o particular_a cause_n that_o may_v impede_fw-la the_o same_o but_o the_o first_o universal_a cause_n can_v never_o come_v short_a of_o its_o effect_n because_o there_o be_v no_o other_o cause_n can_v interpose_v to_o hinder_v it_o 3_o the_o will_n of_o god_n be_v infinite_a therefore_o omnipotent_a and_o irresistible_a for_o where_o the_o power_n of_o the_o patient_n do_v not_o exceed_v or_o equalise_v the_o power_n of_o the_o agent_n there_o can_v be_v no_o prevalent_a resistance_n what_o then_o can_v resist_v the_o divine_a will_n which_o be_v infinite_a 4_o if_o the_o divine_a will_n be_v not_o omnipotent_a god_n be_v not_o infinite_o happy_a for_o every_o one_o be_v so_o far_o happy_a as_o his_o will_n be_v fulfil_v as_o aristor_n rhet._n l._n 2._o c._n 20._o 5_o it_o be_v a_o common_a hypothesis_n in_o the_o school_n ground_v on_o the_o high_a reason_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a but_o that_o the_o divine_a will_n shall_v attain_v its_o effect_n so_o aquinas_n part._n 1._o q._n 19_o a._n 6._o as_o other_o hence_o 4._o prop._n the_o divine_a will_n be_v of_o itself_o operative_a and_o influential_a on_o all_o second_o cause_n and_o effect_n thus_o augustin_n de_fw-fr trinit_fw-la l._n 3._o c._n 4._o itself_o the_o will_n of_o god_n operative_a of_o itself_o the_o will_n of_o god_n be_v the_o first_o and_o supreme_a cause_n of_o allthing_n again_o a_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v by_o god_n act_v when_o it_o be_v do_v by_o god_n willing_a 144._o apud_fw-la dominum_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la velle_fw-la quod_fw-la facere_fw-la qura_fw-la ex_fw-la ejus_fw-la voluntate_fw-la res_fw-la habent_fw-la esse_fw-la augustin_n in_o psal_n 144._o and_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o hypothesis_n be_v most_o manifest_a for_o 1_o if_o god_n will_n be_v not_o of_o itself_o operative_a and_o effective_a it_o be_v not_o the_o first_o principe_fw-la and_z cause_n of_o allthing_n 2_o the_o will_n of_o man_n be_v in_o some_o thing_n operative_a of_o itself_o and_o must_v we_o not_o allow_v the_o same_o prerogative_n to_o the_o will_n of_o god_n and_o if_o it_o be_v in_o something_n operative_a of_o itself_o why_o not_o in_o allthing_n may_v we_o not_o then_o hence_o conclude_v that_o there_o be_v no_o active_a operation_n or_o motion_n receive_v from_o god_n into_o the_o will_n or_o any_o other_o second_o cause_n but_o from_o the_o simple_a volition_n of_o god_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o human_a will_n or_o any_o other_o second_o cause_n necessary_o follow_v this_o be_v evident_a in_o the_o first_o creation_n of_o allthing_n for_o by_o god_n fiat_fw-la or_o volition_n which_o be_v eternal_a allthing_n be_v make_v in_o time_n without_o any_o other_o impression_n or_o concourse_n receive_v and_o if_o god_n first_o creation_n of_o allthing_n be_v by_o his_o simple_a volition_n without_o any_o transient_a concourse_n what_o hinder_v but_o that_o all_o other_o efficience_n of_o god_n shall_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n consist_v in_o the_o simple_a volition_n of_o his_o will_n without_o any_o transient_a
concourse_n thence_o in_o sacred_a philosophy_n the_o divine_a efficience_n be_v frequent_o express_v by_o the_o word_n of_o god_n as_o the_o word_n of_o creation_n gen._n 1.3_o conservation_n psal_n 107.20_o gubernation_n destruction_n restitution_n etc._n etc._n thereby_o to_o denote_v the_o efficacitie_n of_o the_o divine_a will_n as_o man_n will_n be_v express_v by_o his_o word_n of_o which_o hereafter_o §_o 4.6_o prop._n see_v this_o hypothesis_n well_o demonstrate_v in_o bradward_n caus_n deil_fw-fr l._n 1._o c._n 9_o p._n 190._o &_o c._n 10._o p._n 196._o ariminensiâ—_n sent._n 1._o distinct_a 45._o joan._n major_a sent._n 2._o quaest_n 3._o §_o 4._o have_v discuss_v the_o concourse_n of_o god_n immediate_a the_o adjunct_n of_o god_n concourse_n 1._o it_o be_v immediate_a as_o it_o relate_v to_o its_o object_n and_o subject_a or_o principe_n we_o now_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o it_o in_o its_o adjunct_n and_o mode_n of_o operation_n which_o will_v give_v we_o great_a indication_n and_o notice_n of_o its_o nature_n 1._o the_o concourse_n of_o god_n be_v as_o to_o its_o mode_n of_o operation_n immediate_a this_o adjunct_n or_o mode_n of_o operation_n follow_v immediate_o on_o the_o origine_fw-la or_o principe_fw-la of_o divine_a concourse_n for_o it_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o simple_a volition_n of_o god_n effect_n particular_o as_o to_o gratiose_fw-la effect_n it_o thence_o necessary_o follow_v that_o it_o must_v be_v immediate_a as_o to_o all_o object_n and_o effect_n 11._o esa_n 55.10_o 11._o this_o immediation_n of_o divine_a concourse_n be_v frequent_o inculcate_v in_o sacred_a philosophy_n so_o esa_n 55.10_o 11._o for_o as_o the_o rain_n come_v down_o and_o the_o snow_n from_o heaven_n and_o return_v not_o thither_o but_o water_v the_o earth_n and_o make_v it_o to_o bring_v forth_o and_o bud_v that_o it_o may_v give_v seed_n to_o the_o sour_a and_o bread_n to_o the_o eater_n so_o shall_v my_o word_n that_o go_v forth_o out_o of_o my_o mouth_n it_o shall_v not_o return_v unto_o i_o void_a but_o it_o shall_v accomplish_v that_o which_o i_o please_v and_o it_o shall_v prosper_v in_o the_o thing_n whereto_o i_o send_v it_o 1_o this_o must_v be_v understand_v not_o only_o of_o god_n revel_v word_n but_o also_o of_o his_o efficacious_a word_n of_o concourse_n productive_a of_o thing_n 72.6_o psal_n 72.6_o so_o psal_n 72.6_o 2_o god_n effective_a operative_a word_n or_o concourse_n be_v compare_v to_o the_o rain_n which_o by_o god_n ordinance_n fall_v to_o water_v the_o earth_n strain_v itself_o through_o the_o liquid_a air_n as_o through_o a_o sieve_n divide_v itself_o into_o million_o of_o drop_n and_o immediate_o water_v every_o inch_n of_o earth_n that_o so_o every_o herb_n may_v receive_v its_o proportion_n of_o moisture_n gradual_o and_o immediate_o according_a to_o its_o exigence_n just_o so_o proportionable_o do_v the_o efficacious_a concourse_n of_o god_n immediate_o insinuate_v itself_o into_o all_o second_o cause_n operation_n and_o effect_n special_o such_o as_o be_v gratiose_fw-la 14.5_o hos_fw-la 14.5_o the_o like_a allusion_n we_o find_v hos_fw-la 14.5_o i_o will_v be_v as_o the_o dew_n to_o israel_n he_o shall_v grow_v as_o the_o lily_n 26.19_o esa_n 26.19_o the_o like_a esa_n 26.19_o for_o thy_o dew_n be_v as_o the_o dew_n of_o herb_n the_o dew_n you_o know_v fall_v in_o a_o silent_a quiet_a night_n in_o million_o of_o small_a imperceptible_a drop_n and_o be_v of_o a_o gentle_a insinuate_a nature_n gradual_o and_o insensible_o soak_v into_o the_o earth_n temper_n and_o allay_v the_o heat_n thereof_o special_o in_o those_o hot_a country_n and_o immediate_o insinuate_v itself_o into_o the_o root_n of_o plant_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o moist_a benign_a nitrose_n quality_n it_o comfort_n refresh_v and_o encourage_v call_v forth_o the_o fruit_n hereof_o and_o cause_v the_o face_n of_o thing_n to_o flourish_v with_o beauty_n and_o delight_n much_o more_o efficacious_o than_o sudden_a great_a shour_n or_o land-floud_n which_o be_v more_o violent_a but_o less_o beneficial_a thus_o christ_n gratiose_fw-la concourse_n and_o influence_n fall_v like_o dew_n on_o the_o believer_n heart_n in_o million_o of_o drop_n which_o gradâ—aly_a insensible_o and_o immediate_o insinuate_v thereinto_o cause_v it_o to_o fructify_v and_o flourish_v much_o more_o effective_o than_o all_o the_o shour_n of_o divine_a wrath_n or_o land-floud_n of_o spiritual_a bondage_n which_o sudden_o break_v in_o on_o the_o conscience_n of_o many_o convict_v legal_a conscience_n but_o soon_o dry_a up_o again_o and_o leave_v they_o more_o barren_a and_o hard-hearted_a than_o before_o the_o greek_a theologue_n express_v this_o immediation_n of_o divine_a grace_n various_a way_n sometime_o they_o term_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o inhabitant_n or_o indwelling_a grace_n sometime_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o inhabitation_n of_o the_o holy_a spirit_n because_o it_o be_v wrought_v by_o the_o spirit_n of_o god_n immediate_o as_o dwell_v in_o the_o believer_n heart_n but_o to_o treat_v more_o general_o of_o divine_a concourse_n and_o its_o immediation_n as_o to_o all_o object_n operation_n and_o effect_n plato_n leg._n 4._o pag._n 715_o assure_v we_o that_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a tradition_n god_n have_v not_o only_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o beginning_n and_o the_o end_n but_o also_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o middle_a of_o allthing_n i_o e._n god_n by_o his_o efficacious_a concourse_n penetrate_v allthing_n and_o be_v more_o intimate_a and_o immediate_a to_o they_o than_o they_o be_v to_o themselves_o so_o also_o in_o his_o parmenides_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o prime_a idea_n or_o cause_n be_v intimate_o present_a with_o allthing_n influence_v all_o both_o small_a and_o great_a whence_o he_o term_v all_o second_o cause_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d concause_n and_o co-operators_a with_o god_n but_o before_o we_o come_v to_o the_o demonstration_n of_o our_o hypothesis_n we_o must_v premit_fw-la something_n by_o way_n of_o explication_n and_o limitation_n 1_o when_o we_o say_v god_n concourse_n to_o all_o second_o cause_n and_o effect_n be_v immediate_a we_o do_v not_o thereby_o exclude_v all_o mean_n as_o if_o god_n do_v so_o concur_v as_o not_o to_o make_v use_n of_o second_o cause_n and_o instrument_n but_o that_o god_n concur_v immediate_o in_o and_o with_o all_o mean_n as_o in_o order_n to_o health_n god_n prescribe_v and_o use_v mean_n yet_o he_o concur_v immediate_o in_o and_o with_o those_o mean_n so_o in_o supernatural_a effect_n god_n use_v minister_n and_o ordinance_n yet_o concur_v immediate_o in_o and_o with_o they_o 2_o god_n concur_v immediate_o to_o all_o second_o cause_n and_o effect_n not_o only_o by_o the_o immediation_n of_o virtue_n but_o also_o immediatione_fw-la suppositi_fw-la by_o the_o immediation_n of_o his_o essence_n for_o indeed_o the_o virtue_n of_o god_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o his_o essence_n or_o will_n as_o the_o effective_a principe_n of_o allthing_n the_o divine_a supposite_a be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o ratione_fw-la or_o formal_o distinguish_v from_o his_o virtue_n which_o be_v his_o effective_a omnipotent_a wil._n these_o premise_n be_v lay_v down_o we_o proceed_v to_o explicate_v and_o demonstrate_v the_o immediation_n of_o god_n concourse_n in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n 1._o prop._n god_n concur_v immediate_o unto_o every_o act_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n cause_n god_n concur_v immediate_o to_o every_o act_n of_o second_o cause_n this_o proposition_n be_v assert_v not_o only_o by_o the_o thomist_n but_o also_o by_o the_o jesuit_n suarez_n metaph._n disp_n 22._o sect_n 1._o and_o other_o and_o the_o reason_n be_v invincible_a 1_o from_o the_o subordination_n of_o all_o second_o cause_n to_o the_o first_o aristotle_n in_o his_o physics_n l._n 8._o c._n 5._o &_o metaphys_n l._n 2._o c._n 12._o assure_v we_o that_o in_o agent_n per_fw-la se_fw-la and_o proper_o subordinate_a the_o inferior_a can_v act_v without_o the_o influx_n or_o concourse_n of_o the_o superior_a cause_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v evident_a because_o if_o the_o inferior_a cause_n can_v act_v without_o the_o influx_n of_o the_o superior_a it_o be_v not_o subordinate_a unto_o the_o superior_a in_o that_o act_n neither_o be_v it_o sufficient_a to_o say_v that_o the_o second_o cause_n be_v subordinate_a to_o god_n as_o its_o essence_n and_o virtue_n be_v conserve_v by_o god_n according_a to_o the_o sentiment_n of_o durandus_fw-la and_o his_o sectator_n for_o such_o a_o subordination_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n to_o the_o first_o be_v only_o accidental_a and_o remote_a as_o to_o its_o act_n and_o who_o know_v not_o that_o a_o accidental_a remote_a cause_n be_v not_o proper_o a_o cause_n all_o proper_a subordination_n imply_v dependence_n of_o the_o inferior_a cause_n on_o the_o superior_a not_o only_a quando_fw-la but_o quatenus_fw-la agit_fw-fr both_o when_o and_o as_o it_o act_n 2_o from_o the_o limitation_n
and_o dependence_n of_o all_o second_o cause_n every_o be_v by_o participation_n be_v limit_v and_o where_o there_o be_v limit_n of_o essence_n there_o necessary_o be_v limit_n of_o activity_n and_o operation_n a_o creature_n can_v as_o well_o give_v be_v to_o itself_o as_o actuate_v itself_o independent_o as_o to_o the_o first_o cause_n whatever_o receive_v its_o be_v by_o participation_n receive_v also_o its_o operation_n in_o the_o same_o mode_n of_o participation_n dependence_n on_o god_n in_o operation_n be_v as_o essental_a and_o intrinsec_fw-la to_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o creature_n as_o dependence_n on_o god_n in_o essence_n and_o conservation_n of_o that_o essence_n yea_o it_o be_v no_o less_o than_o a_o implicit_a contradiction_n to_o say_v that_o a_o creature_n act_n without_o dependence_n on_o god_n for_o that_o act_n as_o suarez_n and_o other_o prove_v and_o the_o reason_n be_v most_o demonstrative_a for_o as_o aristotle_n tell_v we_o the_o mode_n of_o operate_n always_o follow_v the_o mode_n of_o essence_n if_o the_o essence_n depend_v on_o god_n for_o its_o production_n and_o conservation_n so_o must_v the_o operation_n whatever_o be_v a_o be_v by_o participation_n must_v also_o be_v a_o agent_n by_o participation_n yea_o the_o very_a act_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n be_v a_o be_v by_o participation_n and_o therefore_o it_o require_v the_o concourse_n and_o influx_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n for_o its_o production_n conservation_n and_o promotion_n 3_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n and_o its_o perfection_n if_o god_n concur_v not_o immediate_o to_o every_o act_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n he_o be_v not_o the_o universal_a cause_n of_o allthing_n neither_o be_v he_o omnipotent_a and_o most_o perfect_a for_o that_o very_a act_n be_v a_o real_a be_v or_o if_o you_o will_v a_o mode_n of_o be_v and_o so_o reducible_a to_o real_a entity_n it_o can_v be_v pure_a nothing_o because_o pure_a nothing_o can_v be_v the_o term_n or_o effect_v of_o a_o real_a production_n if_o then_o the_o act_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n be_v a_o real_a positive_a entity_n or_o mode_n and_o yet_o god_n not_o the_o first_o cause_n thereof_o than_o it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o god_n be_v not_o the_o universal_a cause_n of_o allthing_n neither_o be_v he_o omnipotent_a because_o he_o can_v produce_v that_o real_a act_n neither_o be_v he_o most_o perfect_a because_o there_o be_v something_o in_o nature_n physical_o perfect_a which_o he_o be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o dependence_n on_o god_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n albeit_o it_o imply_v something_o of_o imperfection_n in_o the_o creature_n as_o a_o creature_n yet_o it_o import_v perfection_n in_o god_n neither_o can_v his_o absolute_a perfection_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n be_v preserve_v and_o maintain_v without_o it_o 4_o from_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n if_o god_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n concur_v not_o immediate_o to_o all_o act_n of_o second_o cause_n how_o can_v he_o order_v direct_v and_o govern_v they_o so_o as_o they_o shall_v all_o determine_v in_o his_o own_o glory_n again_o how_o can_v he_o hinder_v such_o act_n as_o impugn_v his_o own_o end_n and_o design_n do_v not_o this_o antithesis_fw-la of_o durandus_fw-la and_o other_o who_o deny_v god_n to_o concur_v immediate_o to_o all_o act_n of_o second_o cause_n cut_v off_o the_o chief_a part_n of_o divine_a providence_n which_o consist_v in_o the_o order_n and_o direct_v all_o human_a act_n for_o his_o own_o glory_n 2._o prop._n god_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n immediate_o concur_v not_o only_o to_o the_o act_n but_o also_o the_o second_o cause_n itself_o and_o its_o will_n if_o it_o be_v a_o free_a agent_n self_n god_n immediate_o concur_v to_o second_o cause_n self_n this_o proposition_n may_v be_v demonstrate_v 1_o by_o all_o the_o fore_n mention_v argument_n which_o prove_v god_n immediate_a concourse_n to_o the_o act_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n for_o every_o efficient_a cause_n produce_v in_o a_o subject_a a_o act_n connatural_a to_o the_o power_n of_o he_o subject_n must_v needs_o influence_n and_o actuate_v that_o power_n wherefore_o god_n the_o first_o cause_n produce_v in_o the_o will_n of_o man_n a_o act_n connatural_a thereto_o must_v necessary_o actuate_v and_o influence_n the_o say_a will_n in_o such_o a_o production_n 2_o that_o god_n immediate_a concourse_n reach_v the_o human_a will_n and_o not_o only_o its_o act_n be_v evident_a because_o it_o determine_v the_o will_n to_o act_v for_o grant_v but_o this_o that_o the_o human_a will_n be_v not_o the_o first_o cause_n of_o its_o own_o act_n but_o dependent_a on_o god_n for_o the_o production_n thereof_o which_o the_o jesuit_n grant_v it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v actuate_v and_o determine_v by_o god_n in_o all_o its_o acts._n it_o be_v true_a the_o human_a will_n be_v a_o free_a agent_n and_o so_o a_o self-determining_a power_n but_o yet_o this_o hinder_v not_o but_o that_o it_o be_v also_o determine_v by_o god_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n god_n determine_v the_o will_n to_o determine_v it_o self_n as_o he_o move_v the_o will_n to_o move_v itself_o if_o god_n do_v not_o determine_v and_o move_v the_o will_n it_o can_v not_o determine_v and_o move_v itself_o 3_o sacred_a philosophy_n be_v express_v herein_o that_o god_n work_v immediate_o on_o the_o will_n as_o well_o as_o on_o its_o act_n and_o effect_n so_o philip._n 2.13_o god_n be_v say_v to_o work_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o will_n and_o to_o do_v and_o how_o can_v he_o work_v to_o will_n unless_o he_o work_v upon_o the_o will_n can_v there_o be_v any_o way_n assign_v how_o god_n shall_v work_v to_o will_n and_o yet_o not_o immediate_o determine_v and_o move_v the_o will_n 10._o psal_n 139.9_o 10._o so_o psal_n 139.9_o 10._o if_o i_o take_v the_o wing_n of_o the_o morning_n i.e._n sly_a most_o swift_o as_o the_o morning_n and_o dwell_v in_o the_o utmost_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n even_o there_o shall_v thy_o hand_n lead_v i_o and_o thy_o right_a hand_n shall_v hold_v i_o his_o mind_n be_v that_o he_o can_v fly_v from_o the_o immediate_a presence_n of_o god_n because_o wherever_o he_o go_v his_o immediate_a hand_n or_o concourse_n must_v lead_v he_o to_o lead_v a_o man_n by_o the_o hand_n and_o to_o hold_v he_o here_o denote_v god_n immediate_a concourse_n on_o the_o will_n and_o its_o acts._n 3._o prop._n god_n concur_v immediate_o to_o the_o effect_n by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o act_n with_o the_o second_o cause_n same_o the_o act_n of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o cause_n the_o same_o for_o the_o explication_n of_o this_o proposition_n we_o be_v to_o note_v that_o the_o causation_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n be_v not_o the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o second_o but_o only_o the_o action_n whereby_o the_o first_o and_o second_o cause_n concur_v to_o the_o production_n of_o the_o effect_n for_o albeit_o the_o influx_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n be_v distinct_a from_o that_o of_o the_o second_o yet_o the_o act_n whereby_o the_o first_o and_o second_o cause_n produce_v the_o effect_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o arbitrio_fw-la duo_o individuo_fw-la opere_fw-la operantes_fw-la necessario_fw-la agant_fw-la unum_fw-la &_o idem_fw-la cùm_fw-la indivisa_fw-la sit_fw-la corum_fw-la actio_fw-la si_fw-la autem_fw-la agerent_fw-la diversis_fw-la actionibus_fw-la oporteret_fw-la operata_fw-la esse_fw-la divisa_fw-la ficut_fw-la è_fw-la contrà _fw-la actio_fw-la indivisa_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la sacere_fw-la divisa_fw-la opera_fw-la grossetesle_n de_fw-fr libero_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la this_o be_v incomparable_o well_o demonstrate_v by_o our_o learned_a and_o great_a grosseteste_a bishop_n of_o lincoln_n in_o his_o tractate_n de_fw-fr libero_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la in_o m._n ss_z where_o he_o acute_o prove_v that_o the_o action_n of_o god_n and_o the_o second_o cause_n whereby_o the_o effect_n be_v produce_v can_v be_v deverse_n because_o the_o effect_n be_v but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o which_o proceed_v total_o from_o god_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n and_o total_o from_o the_o second_o cause_n as_o hereafter_o prop._n 4._o for_o the_o more_o full_a explication_n whereof_o we_o must_v distinguish_v between_o the_o active_a and_o passive_a efficience_n of_o god_n god_n active_a efficience_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o immanent_a efficacious_a act_n of_o his_o will_n which_o without_o all_o peradventure_o differ_v infinite_o from_o the_o efficience_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n yet_o god_n passive_a efficience_n as_o it_o relate_v to_o the_o act_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n be_v not_o real_o distinct_a therefrom_o for_o it_o be_v no_o way_n incongruous_a or_o inconsistent_a that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o act_n proceed_v from_o two_o different_a total_a cause_n of_o different_a kind_n such_o as_o the_o first_o and_o second_o cause_n be_v whence_o it_o follow_v that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o act_n both_o of_o first_o and_o second_o cause_n
the_o supreme_a infinite_a be_v than_o to_o be_v yoke_v with_o his_o creature_n as_o a_o partial_a social_a coordinate_a cause_n 2_o this_o also_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o the_o subordination_n dependence_n and_o inferioritie_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n for_o all_o social_a partial_a cause_n be_v as_o such_o coordinate_a and_o equal_a the_o effect_n depend_v on_o each_o but_o they_o depend_v not_o each_o on_o the_o other_o to_o make_v the_o second_o cause_n social_a and_o coordinate_a with_o the_o first_o what_o be_v it_o but_o to_o make_v it_o a_o first_o cause_n 3_o this_o also_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o the_o priority_n and_o antecedence_n of_o god_n concourse_n for_o a_o partial_a causalitie_n be_v only_o simultaneous_a which_o have_v be_v already_o refute_v 4_o the_o sober_a scholastic_a divine_n have_v ever_o own_v and_o approve_v a_o totalitie_n of_o divine_a concourse_n so_o aquinas_n contra_fw-la gent._n l._n 3._o cap._n 70._o it_o be_v manifest_a say_v he_o that_o the_o same_o effect_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o natural_a and_o second_o cause_n and_o to_o the_o divine_a efficace_n not_o as_o if_o it_o be_v partly_o from_o god_n and_o partly_o from_o the_o natural_a agent_n but_o the_o whole_a effect_n be_v from_o both_o in_o a_o different_a mode_n as_o the_o same_o effect_n be_v attribute_v total_o to_o the_o instrument_n and_o yet_o total_o to_o the_o principal_a cause_n the_o like_a alvarez_n disput_fw-la 85._o the_o totalitie_n of_o divine_a concourse_n as_o to_o the_o new_a creature_n and_o gratiose_fw-la effect_n be_v lively_o illustrate_v and_o demonstrate_v in_o sacred_a philosophy_n thus_o esa_n 43.7_o 43.7_o esa_n 43.7_o even_o every_o one_o that_o be_v call_v by_o my_o name_n for_o i_o have_v create_v he_o for_o my_o glory_n i_o have_v form_v he_o yea_o i_o have_v make_v he_o here_o christ_n assume_v to_o himself_o as_o the_o sole_a total_a principal_a agent_n the_o creation_n formation_n and_o consummation_n of_o the_o new_a creature_n as_o in_o the_o old_a creation_n god_n make_v first_o the_o rude_a chaos_n out_o of_o nothing_o then_o out_o of_o the_o rude_a chaos_n he_o form_v the_o several_a species_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o particular_o the_o body_n of_o man_n out_o of_o the_o dust_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v formation_n thence_o in_o the_o last_o place_n he_o breathe_v into_o man_n a_o rational_a soul_n which_o give_v consummation_n to_o he_o so_o proportionable_o hereto_o christ_n here_o assume_v to_o himself_o a_o threefold_a concourse_n and_o each_o total_a in_o the_o frame_n of_o the_o new_a creature_n he_o say_v 1_o i_o have_v create_v he_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i_o have_v educe_v or_o call_v he_o out_o of_o nothing_o as_o i_o do_v the_o first_o rude_a chaos_n the_o new_a creature_n be_v not_o educe_v out_o of_o the_o potence_n of_o corrupt_a nature_n but_o out_o of_o nothing_o by_o divine_a omnipotence_n but_o if_o this_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o express_v the_o totalitie_n of_o his_o efficacious_a essicience_n he_o add_v 2_o i_o have_v form_v he_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d this_o also_o be_v a_o term_n whereby_o the_o formation_n of_o creature_n out_o of_o the_o first_o chaos_n be_v express_v the_o sense_n be_v i_o have_v not_o only_o give_v he_o some_o first_o line_n a_o rude_a mass_n or_o shape_n of_o a_o new_a creature_n but_o i_o have_v fashion_v and_o form_v he_o as_o i_o at_o first_o form_v adam_n out_o of_o a_o piece_n of_o red_a earth_n or_o clay_n for_o so_o the_o word_n signify_v to_o form_n or_o shape_v a_o thing_n as_o the_o potter_n do_v his_o clay_n to_o this_o or_o that_o form_n and_o if_o all_o this_o will_v not_o suffice_v to_o demonstrate_v that_o christ_n be_v the_o total_a creator_n and_o formator_n of_o the_o new_a creature_n he_o add_v yet_o far_o 3_o yea_o i_o have_v make_v he_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i_o e._n i_o have_v perfect_v and_o complete_v the_o whole_a work_n i_o have_v make_v he_o such_o as_o i_o will_v have_v he_o conform_v to_o my_o eternal_a idea_n concern_v he_o he_o have_v no_o part_n want_v or_o misplace_v not_o a_o finger_n or_o little_a toe_n defective_a he_o be_v a_o complete_a perfect_a new_a creature_n and_o that_o by_o virtue_n of_o my_o creation_n formation_n and_o consummation_n thus_o the_o whole_a of_o the_o new_a creature_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o old_a be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o christ_n total_o and_o sole_o as_o the_o creator_n fictor_n and_o effector_n thereof_o and_o here_o we_o be_v also_o to_o note_n that_o it_o be_v usual_a with_o the_o hebrew_n to_o express_v the_o work_n of_o the_o intern_a new_a creation_n under_o the_o symbol_n of_o the_o extern_a old_a creation_n the_o totalitie_n of_o the_o divine_a concourse_n be_v also_o we_o express_v esa_n 63.5_o and_o psal_n 94.17_o 5._o only_o god_n concourse_n particular_a not_o general_a only_o the_o concourse_n of_o god_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n be_v particular_a and_o proper_a not_o only_o general_a this_o adjunct_n or_o mode_n of_o operation_n may_v seem_v novel_a but_o real_o it_o be_v not_o so_o before_o we_o come_v to_o the_o demonstration_n of_o it_o we_o must_v premit_fw-la some_o distinction_n and_o limitation_n 1_o we_o must_v distinguish_v between_o a_o general_a providence_n and_o general_a concourse_n we_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o god_n providence_n as_o it_o extende_v to_o allthing_n universal_o may_v be_v term_v general_n which_o yet_o do_v no_o way_n induce_v or_o suppose_v a_o general_a concourse_n i._n e._n such_o as_o be_v alike_o commun_v to_o all_o effect_n and_o determinable_a thereby_o as_o the_o concourse_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v determinable_a by_o the_o effect_n it_o work_v on_o such_o a_o general_a concourse_n be_v unworthy_a of_o the_o first_o cause_n who_o determine_v all_o effect_n but_o be_v determinable_a by_o none_o bradwardine_n de_fw-fr cause_v dei_fw-la l._n 3._o c._n 7._o p._n 668._o undertake_v to_o give_v we_o the_o origine_fw-la of_o this_o general_a influx_n or_o concourse_n which_o he_o make_v to_o be_v from_o the_o pagan_a philosopher_n '_o special_o the_o astrologer_n who_o assert_v a_o emanation_n or_o irradiation_n of_o general_a influx_n from_o celestial_a body_n which_o they_o suppose_v to_o be_v god_n on_o all_o subject_n or_o matter_n 2_o we_o must_v distinguish_v between_o a_o particular_a cause_n and_o a_o particular_a concourse_n we_o do_v not_o affirm_v that_o god_n be_v a_o particular_a cause_n but_o a_o universal_a cause_n concur_v in_o a_o particular_a manner_n to_o all_o second_o cause_n and_o their_o effect_n and_o here_o heereboord_n select_a disputat_fw-la vol._n 1._o disput_fw-la 10_o and_o 11._o while_o he_o just_o oppose_v his_o master_n burgersdicius_n for_o deny_v god_n concourse_n to_o be_v particular_a he_o himself_o false_a into_o this_o easy_a mistake_n of_o make_v god_n a_o particular_a cause_n for_o the_o obviate_a of_o which_o as_o also_o for_o the_o take_v away_o the_o foundation_n of_o all_o the_o objection_n urge_v against_o our_o hypothesis_n we_o say_v that_o god_n be_v a_o universal_a cause_n and_o yet_o his_o concourse_n as_o to_o the_o mode_n of_o its_o operation_n be_v particular_a god_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o universal_a cause_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o extent_n of_o his_o causalitie_n as_o it_o extende_v to_o all_o object_n effect_n and_o second_o cause_n universal_o and_o yet_o his_o concourse_n be_v particular_a as_o it_o be_v not_o like_o that_o of_o the_o sun_n determinable_a by_o its_o object_n but_o do_v in_o a_o particular_a manner_n according_a to_o the_o exigence_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o subject_n determine_v the_o same_o these_o thing_n be_v premiss_v we_o proceed_v to_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o concourse_n of_o god_n be_v not_o general_a but_o particular_a as_o to_o its_o manner_n of_o work_v with_o all_o second_o cause_n 1_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o general_n concourse_n which_o be_v of_o itself_o indifferent_a but_o modify_v and_o determine_v by_o the_o matter_n it_o work_v on_o so_o the_o influx_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v only_o general_a and_o indifferent_a because_o modify_v by_o the_o matter_n it_o work_v on_o as_o it_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o colour_n in_o a_o rainbow_n as_o also_o by_o the_o opposite_a effect_n it_o have_v on_o the_o wax_n and_o clay_n to_o suppose_v god_n concourse_n to_o be_v thus_o general_a and_o indifferent_a be_v every_o way_n unworthy_a of_o the_o first_o cause_n which_o determine_v all_o second_o cause_n but_o be_v determine_v by_o none_o to_o assert_v that_o the_o concourse_n of_o god_n be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n or_o matter_n it_o work_v on_o what_o be_v this_o but_o to_o suppose_v the_o second_o cause_n to_o be_v first_o and_o the_o first_o second_v 2_o from_o the_o manifold_a imperfection_n that_o be_v hereby_o impose_v on_o god_n for_o if_o
and_o demonstration_n of_o the_o officacitie_n of_o divine_a concourse_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v that_o there_o be_v a_o twofold_a concourse_n of_o god_n one_o moral_a the_o other_o efficacious_a which_o some_o term_n physic_n concourse_n because_o it_o work_v according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o physic_n efficient_n for_o a_o physic_n cause_o be_v that_o which_o real_o and_o proper_o influence_v the_o effect_n but_o a_o moral_a cause_n as_o dictinguish_v from_o physic_n be_v that_o which_o contribute_v not_o any_o real_a and_o proper_a influx_n for_o the_o production_n of_o the_o effect_n yet_o he_o do_v so_o far_o moral_o concur_v as_o that_o the_o effect_n be_v impute_v to_o he_o as_o it_o be_v well_o determine_v by_o suarez_n metaph._n disput_fw-la 17._o sect._n 2._o pag._n 402._o a_o moral_a cause_n do_v not_o reach_v the_o effect_n immediate_o neither_o do_v it_o proper_o move_v and_o determine_v the_o agent_n but_o only_o objective_o and_o remote_o by_o command_n argument_n incentives_n motive_n and_o such_o like_a moral_a influence_n which_o be_v only_o a_o metaphoric_n indirect_a remote_a improper_a and_o inefficacious_a kind_n of_o efficience_n but_o now_o a_o physic_n cause_n be_v that_o which_o alone_o deserve_v and_o therefore_o in_o the_o scholes_n have_v appropriate_v to_o itself_o the_o name_n of_o a_o efficient_a cause_n because_o it_o do_v by_o a_o proper_a real_a direct_a and_o efficacious_a influx_n or_o causalitie_n reach_v its_o effect_n god_n have_v both_o a_o moral_n and_o physic_n or_o efficacious_a concourse_n in_o and_o for_o the_o production_n of_o moral_a good_a he_o command_v propones_fw-la argument_n invite_v persuade_v what_o be_v good_a as_o also_o efficacious_o work_v the_o same_o in_o those_o he_o intend_v to_o do_v good_a to_o but_o as_o for_o sinful_a act_n god_n do_v not_o by_o any_o moral_a concourse_n concur_v thereto_o and_o therefore_o they_o may_v not_o be_v impute_v to_o he_o as_o the_o author_n of_o they_o this_o be_v premiss_v we_o proceed_v to_o demonstrate_v the_o efficacitie_n of_o god_n concourse_n 1_o from_o its_o sovereign_a nature_n and_o omnipotent_a manner_n of_o work_v special_o in_o supernatural_a gratiose_fw-la effect_n the_o efficacitie_n of_o actual_a grace_n in_o the_o infusion_n conservation_n promotion_n and_o actuation_n of_o habitual_a be_v lively_o illustrate_v by_o the_o grecanic_a father_n of_o the_o primitive_a church_n who_o stile_n this_o efficacious_a medicinal_a grace_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o superne_fw-la or_o supernatural_a vocation_n and_o motion_n they_o term_v it_o sometime_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o operant_a and_o cooperant_fw-la grace_n also_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o energy_n aid_n and_o assistence_n of_o god_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o ineffable_a virtue_n of_o god_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o assistant_n power_n it_o be_v term_v also_o by_o they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o superne_fw-la and_o divine_a impulse_n or_o inclination_n also_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o divine_a hand_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o grace_n of_o protection_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o universal_a spring_n of_o energy_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o itself_o perfect_a and_o sufficient_o operative_a chrysostome_n term_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o gift_n above_o nature_n overcome_v nature_n also_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d insuperable_a assistence_n but_o none_o among_o the_o greek_a theologue_n seem_v more_o lively_a to_o describe_v it_o than_o cyril_n alexandr_n lib._n 1._o de_fw-la adorat_fw-la tom._n 1._o where_o he_o asserte_n that_o man_n be_v turn_v from_o sin_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d not_o only_o by_o word_n inject_v into_o the_o soul_n i._n e._n according_a to_o the_o pelagian_a persuasion_n by_o moral_a suasion_n only_o but_o that_o god_n put_v forth_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o energetic_a efficacious_a aid_n whereby_o the_o infirm_a will_n be_v lead_v as_o by_o the_o hand_n clemens_n alexandr_n l._n 1._o paed._n c._n 3._o call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o inspiration_n of_o god_n also_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o subtle_a and_o spiritual_fw-la instructive_a force_n of_o divine_a word_n and_o athanas_n contr_n gent._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o power_n communicate_v from_o god_n again_o he_o say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o grace_n of_o god_n have_v overcome_v whence_o the_o greek_a theologue_n term_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o invincible_a assistence_n and_o chrysostome_n say_v express_o that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d all_o good_a come_v from_o the_o grace_n and_o efficacious_a virtue_n of_o god_n 2_o from_o its_o effective_a principe_n the_o divine_a wil._n we_o have_v before_o §_o 3._o demonstrate_v that_o the_o divine_a concourse_n suppose_v not_o any_o transient_a influx_n form_n god_n but_o only_o the_o act_n of_o the_o divine_a will_n which_o be_v omnipotent_a it_o thence_o necessary_o follow_v that_o his_o concourse_n be_v also_o omnipotent_a and_o most_o efficacious_a whence_o it_o be_v worthy_a our_o notice_n that_o the_o concourse_n of_o god_n be_v in_o scripture_n express_v by_o his_o fiat_fw-la or_o word_n as_o gen._n 1.3_o etc._n etc._n and_o what_o be_v this_o word_n of_o god_n but_o the_o omnipotent_a act_n of_o his_o will_n hence_o in_o sacred_a philosophy_n the_o hebrew_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d signify_v both_o word_n and_o thing_n denote_v to_o we_o that_o there_o be_v a_o intimate_a reciprocation_n between_o divine_a word_n and_o thing_n whatever_o god_n speak_v and_o say_v shall_v be_v do_v be_v do_v and_o whatever_o be_v do_v be_v but_o the_o effect_n of_o his_o word_n or_o will_n every_o word_n and_o will_n of_o god_n which_o regard_v the_o event_n and_o issue_n of_o thing_n be_v omnipotent_a and_o operative_a 3_o from_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n by_o the_o first_o god_n concourse_n be_v not_o only_o moral_a by_o propound_v object_n and_o persuade_v thereto_o but_o real_o operative_a and_o productive_a of_o thing_n now_o in_o all_o cooperation_n the_o cause_n cooperate_n be_v either_o coordinate_a or_o subordinate_a the_o first_o and_o second_o cause_n can_v be_v coordinate_a but_o the_o late_a must_v be_v subordinate_a to_o the_o former_a and_o if_o subordinate_a to_o than_o it_o must_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o first_o cause_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o either_o the_o second_o cause_n determine_v the_o first_o or_o the_o first_o the_o second_o and_o be_v it_o not_o more_o likely_a that_o the_o first_o cause_n shall_v determine_v the_o second_o than_o that_o the_o second_o shall_v determine_v the_o first_o to_o act_v can_v we_o imagine_v that_o the_o concourse_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o second_o be_v it_o not_o more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n and_o the_o condition_n of_o a_o creature_n to_o determine_v that_o the_o causalitie_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n be_v subordinate_a unto_o and_o therefore_o determinable_a by_o the_o concourse_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n this_o argument_n be_v more_o full_o manage_v by_o the_o dominican_n and_o janseniste_n see_v bradwardine_n de_fw-fr causa_fw-la dei_fw-la l._n 3._o c._n 7._o p._n 669._o alvarez_n de_fw-fr auxil_n l._n 3._o disp_n 18-21_a &_o l._n 4._o disput_fw-la 32._o jansenius_n august_n tom._n 3._o l._n 2._o c._n 22._o 7._o connatural_a god_n concourse_n connatural_a last_o god_n concourse_n albeit_o it_o be_v most_o potent_a and_o efficacious_a yet_o be_v it_o also_o most_o connatural_a and_o congenial_a there_o be_v not_o more_o of_o force_n than_o divine_a suavitie_n mix_v therewith_o so_o psal_n 110.3_o 110.3_o psal_n 110.3_o thy_o people_n shall_v be_v willing_a in_o the_o day_n of_o thy_o power_n will_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d willingness_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d nadib_n signify_v 1_o free_a ready_a cheerful_a spontaneous_a 2_o metonymical_o a_o free_a gift_n or_o oblation_n 3_o prince_n who_o ought_v to_o be_v free-spirited_n generose_fw-la liberal_a as_o luke_n 22.25_o 4_o the_o word_n be_v here_o use_v in_o the_o abstract_n which_o carry_v a_o great_a emphase_n for_o abstracte_n speak_v essence_n 5_o it_o be_v here_o also_o in_o the_o genitive_a case_n plural_a of_o thy_o willingness_n which_o the_o hebrew_n use_v as_o expressive_a of_o a_o superlative_a degree_n so_o that_o the_o meaning_n be_v thy_o people_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o most_o superlative_a degree_n free_a ready_a willing_a as_o noble_a and_o freeborn_a prince_n to_o offer_v up_o themselves_o a_o free-wil-offering_a gift_n or_o oblation_n unto_o thou_o hence_o efficacious_a grace_n be_v term_v by_o the_o greek_a father_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o intern_a philtrum_fw-la or_o charm_v by_o basil_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o grace_n which_o be_v
contradiction_n for_o what_o difference_n can_v be_v rational_o imagine_v between_o be_v eternal_a and_o be_v from_o eternity_n be_v not_o that_o which_o be_v without_o beginning_n eternal_a and_o can_v we_o imagine_v that_o to_o have_v a_o beginning_n which_o be_v from_o eternity_n can_v any_o effect_n and_o product_v of_o the_o divine_a will_v be_v commensurate_a to_o it_o in_o point_n of_o duration_n 2._o to_o create_v be_v the_o sole_a prerogative_n of_o god_n for_o 1_o the_o order_n of_o action_n must_v be_v according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o agent_n the_o most_o noble_a and_o supreme_a action_n can_v agree_v to_o any_o but_o the_o most_o noble_a and_o supreme_a agent_n and_o be_v not_o creation_n the_o most_o noble_a and_o supreme_a of_o all_o action_n can_v it_o then_o agree_v to_o any_o but_o the_o most_o noble_a and_o supreme_a agent_n god_n creation_n be_v the_o most_o perfect_a of_o all_o action_n by_o which_o a_o participate_v be_v may_v be_v communicate_v because_o it_o primary_o speak_v the_o production_n of_o the_o whole_a entity_n in_o its_o full_a latitude_n whence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o this_o action_n can_v be_v appropriate_v or_o attribute_v to_o any_o but_o the_o first_o cause_n who_o be_v be_v essential_o and_o of_o himself_o no_o participate_v be_v have_v force_n enough_o to_o produce_v the_o whole_a of_o be_v 2_o that_o creation_n be_v proper_a to_o god_n may_v be_v argue_v from_o the_o mode_n of_o efficience_n for_o creation_n suppose_v a_o omnipotence_n and_o independence_n in_o the_o creator_n in_o as_o much_o as_o he_o have_v no_o passive_a power_n or_o matter_n to_o work_v on_o but_o only_o a_o objective_a power_n or_o possibility_n of_o the_o object_n to_o be_v create_v which_o require_v a_o infinite_a active_a power_n in_o the_o agent_n for_o by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o remote_a the_o passive_a power_n be_v from_o act_n by_o so_o much_o the_o great_a ought_v the_o active_a power_n of_o the_o agent_n to_o be_v whence_o where_o there_o be_v no_o preexistent_a matter_n to_o work_v upon_o but_o a_o mere_a obediential_a objective_a power_n or_o nothing_o there_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o power_n and_o act_n be_v as_o to_o efficience_n infinite_a and_o impertransible_a by_o any_o finite_a power_n therefore_o nothing_o but_o a_o infinite_a power_n can_v bring_v the_o extreme_n nothing_n and_o something_o together_o 3_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o creation_n which_o be_v not_o a_o successive_a but_o a_o momentaneous_a action_n but_o all_o the_o production_n of_o second_o cause_n as_o they_o be_v inferior_a to_o and_o instrument_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n be_v successive_a motion_n for_o all_o instrument_n act_v and_o move_v in_o a_o way_n of_o succession_n 4_o from_o the_o limitation_n of_o all_o second_o cause_n for_o the_o most_o perfect_a of_o creature_n have_v only_o a_o precarious_a and_o participate_v be_v and_o therefore_o have_v not_o in_o themselves_o virtue_n or_o force_n enough_o to_o create_v the_o least_o of_o being_n to_o create_v require_v a_o virtue_n of_o the_o most_o supreme_a order_n invest_v with_o a_o active_a power_n in_o the_o most_o universal_a latitude_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v evident_a because_o the_o creative_a power_n extende_v itself_o to_o every_o thing_n creable_a neither_o do_v it_o expect_v on_o the_o part_n of_o its_o object_n any_o thing_n but_o a_o non-repugnance_a or_o obediential_a power_n that_o the_o effect_n may_v be_v this_o will_n more_o full_o appear_v from_o the_o follow_a thesis_n 3._o nothing_o creation_n the_o production_n of_o something_o out_o of_o nothing_o creation_n be_v the_o production_n of_o something_o out_o of_o nothing_o when_o we_o say_v creation_n be_v the_o production_n of_o something_o out_o of_o nothing_o the_o particle_n out_o of_o must_v not_o be_v understand_v as_o denote_v any_o succession_n of_o one_o thing_n after_o another_o for_o creation_n be_v but_o a_o instantaneous_a eduction_n but_o only_o the_o negation_n of_o a_o material_a cause_n now_o that_o god_n create_v allthing_n without_o any_o preexistent_a matter_n may_v be_v demonstrate_v 1_o from_o his_o independence_n and_o prime_a efficience_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n for_o the_o first_o independent_a cause_n be_v a_o pure_a simple_a act_n must_v necessary_o precede_v all_o matter_n and_o thence_o be_v the_o cause_n thereof_o that_o which_o be_v the_o first_o in_o being_n must_v necessary_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o first_o matter_n be_v produce_v by_o god_n out_o of_o no_o preexistent_a matter_n but_o out_o of_o nothing_o 2_o from_o the_o universal_a efficience_n of_o god_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n every_o agent_n so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v confine_v to_o matter_n so_o far_o it_o be_v particular_a and_o limit_v for_o to_o be_v confine_v to_o matter_n in_o act_v be_v to_o act_v in_o order_n to_o some_o determinate_a species_n whereunto_o that_o matter_n refer_v wherefore_o that_o agent_n which_o be_v universal_a and_o commensurate_a to_o all_o effect_n possible_a can_v be_v confine_v to_o matter_n such_o be_v the_o first_o cause_n 3_o from_o the_o universality_n of_o effect_n produce_v by_o creation_n by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o universal_a the_o effect_n be_v by_o so_o much_o the_o high_a the_o cause_n be_v and_o by_o how_o much_o the_o high_a the_o cause_n be_v by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o it_o be_v extend_v to_o all_o effect_n whence_o the_o effect_n of_o creation_n be_v of_o all_o most_o universal_a and_o the_o cause_n most_o high_a there_o can_v be_v suppose_v any_o preexistent_a matter_n out_o of_o which_o they_o be_v educe_v 4_o all_o production_n out_o of_o matter_n suppose_v successive_a motion_n and_o transmutation_n but_o creation_n be_v not_o a_o successive_a but_o momentaneous_a motion_n all_o at_o once_o all_o successive_a motion_n and_o mutation_n must_v necessary_o precede_v as_o to_o duration_n the_o effect_n produce_v by_o such_o a_o mutation_n or_o motion_n but_o creation_n do_v not_o by_o any_o kind_n of_o duration_n precede_v the_o thing_n create_v therefore_o it_o can_v be_v successive_a out_o of_o preexistent_a matter_n 4._o active_a creation_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o act_n of_o the_o divine_a will_n wil._n active_a creation_n the_o act_n of_o the_o divine_a wil._n as_o the_o effective_a principe_fw-la of_o allthing_n this_o hypothesis_n have_v be_v full_o explicate_v and_o demonstrate_v chap._n 5._o §_o 4._o of_o god_n executive_a power_n as_o c._n 7._o §_o 3._o and_o albeit_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o carry_v a_o novitie_n with_o it_o yet_o it_o have_v sufficient_a foundation_n both_o in_o sacred_a and_o scholastic_a philosophy_n as_o for_o sacred_a philosophy_n its_o very_a mode_n of_o express_v god_n active_a efficience_n in_o create_v allthing_n plain_o show_v that_o it_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o act_n of_o the_o divine_a wil._n 1.3_o gen._n 1.3_o thus_o gen._n 1.3_o and_o god_n say_v let_v there_o be_v light_n which_o word_n or_o say_n of_o god_n can_v be_v understand_v of_o no_o other_o than_o the_o act_n of_o his_o divine_a wil._n for_o speech_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d here_o and_o elsewhere_o ascribe_v to_o god_n thereby_o to_o express_v the_o effication_n efficience_n of_o his_o divine_a will_n in_o the_o production_n of_o allthing_n thus_o maimonides_n more_n nevochim_n part._n 1._o c._n 65._o demonstrate_v that_o this_o speech_n or_o word_n whereby_o allthing_n be_v make_v must_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o divine_a will_n not_o of_o any_o proper_a speech_n because_o all_o speech_n whereby_o any_o thing_n be_v command_v must_v necessary_o be_v direct_v to_o some_o be_v existent_a and_o capable_a of_o receive_v such_o a_o command_n but_o there_o be_v no_o be_v then_o existent_a therefore_o it_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o divine_a wil._n thus_o hebr._n 11.3_o the_o world_n be_v frame_v by_o the_o word_n of_o god_n so_o 2_o pet._n 3.5_o by_o the_o word_n of_o god_n the_o heaven_n be_v of_o old_a an_z why_o be_v the_o efficience_n of_o the_o divine_a will_n in_o create_v allthing_n express_v by_o the_o word_n of_o god_n but_o to_o show_v that_o as_o we_o when_o we_o will_v have_v any_o thing_n do_v express_v our_o will_n by_o our_o word_n of_o command_n so_o god_n express_v what_o he_o will_v have_v accomplish_v by_o his_o fiat_n or_o creative_a word_n see_v more_o of_o this_o effective_a word_n in_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n §_o 3._o this_o hypothesis_n of_o god_n create_v allthing_n by_o his_o will_n have_v find_v patron_n not_o a_o few_o among_o the_o most_o accurate_a scholastic_a theologue_n thus_o joan._n major_n sentent_fw-fr 2._o do_v 1._o q._n 3._o prove_v that_o god_n produce_v the_o world_n by_o his_o mere_a intellection_n and_o volition_n without_o any_o other_o productive_a power_n and_o his_o argument_n be_v these_o 1_o the_o human_a will_n do_v not_o want_v any_o
rector_n of_o allthing_n thus_o we_o may_v apply_v eccles_n 8.4_o where_o the_o word_n of_o a_o king_n be_v there_o be_v power_n or_o domination_n and_o who_o can_v say_v to_o he_o what_o do_v thou_o i._o e._n by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o sovereign_n any_o person_n be_v by_o so_o much_o the_o great_a be_v his_o domination_n god_n be_v king_n of_o king_n and_o lord_n of_o lord_n must_v necessary_o be_v most_o absolute_a in_o power_n and_o domination_n this_o be_v oft_o inculcate_v by_o plato_n and_o carry_v with_o it_o its_o own_o evidence_n for_o 1_o allthing_n receive_v their_o be_v perfection_n virtue_n and_o operation_n from_o god_n it_o can_v be_v but_o that_o he_o shall_v have_v a_o absolute_a dominion_n and_o sovereign_n empire_n over_o they_o 2_o allthing_n tend_v to_o god_n as_o their_o last_o end_n therefore_o he_o be_v the_o supreme_a rector_n of_o al._n for_o when_o many_o thing_n tend_v to_o one_o last_o end_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o there_o be_v some_o supreme_a rector_n and_o moderator_n that_o ordain_v they_o thereto_o for_o gubernation_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o direct_v the_o thing_n govern_v to_o their_o last_o end_n thus_o aquinas_n 1._o q._n 103._o a._n 3._o see_v the_o end_n of_o the_o gubernation_n of_o the_o world_n be_v the_o best_a good_a it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o gubernation_n of_o the_o world_n be_v best_a but_o now_o the_o best_a gubernation_n be_v that_o which_o be_v by_o one_o etc._n etc._n 3_o god_n be_v infinite_o wise_a to_o order_v allthing_n and_o potent_a to_o bring_v they_o to_o their_o end_n therefore_o he_o be_v the_o supreme_a moderator_n of_o al._n so_o plato_n leg._n 10._o p._n 902._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o that_o god_n who_o be_v most_o wise_a both_o can_v and_o will_v take_v care_n of_o his_o own_o creature_n etc._n etc._n 4_o the_o bonitie_n of_o god_n argue_v he_o to_o be_v the_o absolute_a rector_n of_o allthing_n for_o it_o belong_v to_o divine_a bonitie_n to_o reduce_v allthing_n make_v by_o he_o to_o those_o proper_a end_n for_o which_o they_o be_v make_v whatever_o flow_v from_o god_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n must_v return_v to_o he_o as_o the_o last_o end_n 5_o this_o be_v the_o great_a concern_v of_o divine_a gubernation_n to_o see_v that_o allthing_n reach_v the_o end_n for_o which_o they_o be_v make_v for_o thing_n will_v never_o certain_o and_o infallible_o reach_v the_o end_n for_o which_o they_o be_v make_v unless_o they_o be_v direct_v and_o govern_v by_o the_o same_o power_n which_o make_v they_o it_o argue_v imperfection_n in_o a_o artificer_n not_o to_o direct_v the_o work_n he_o make_v to_o the_o end_n for_o which_o it_o be_v make_v and_o may_v we_o impute_v such_o a_o imperfection_n to_o the_o first_o framer_n of_o allthing_n hence_o 2._o prop._n divine_a gubernation_n propose_v the_o glory_n of_o god_n as_o the_o last_o end_n of_o a_o thing_n gubernation_n the_o last_o end_n of_o divine_a gubernation_n what_o be_v all_o gubernation_n but_o the_o direct_a allthing_n to_o some_o last_o end_n and_o what_o be_v the_o last_o end_n of_o allthing_n but_o the_o glory_n of_o god_n thus_o plato_n leg._n 10._o pag_n 903._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d let_v we_o persuade_v this_o young_a man_n that_o he_o who_o by_o his_o providence_n take_v the_o care_n of_o the_o whole_a that_o he_o may_v conserve_v and_o adorn_v it_o with_o necessary_a virtue_n do_v wise_o dispose_v and_o order_n allthing_n to_o this_o end_n the_o force_n and_o efficace_n of_o who_o providence_n do_v diffuse_v itself_o into_o all_o part_n of_o the_o universe_n according_a to_o their_o nature_n whereby_o he_o explicate_v to_o we_o how_o god_n do_v order_n and_o dispose_v allthing_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a and_o his_o own_o glory_n this_o he_o more_o full_o lay_v open_a in_o what_o follow_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n but_o thou_o know_v not_o that_o all_o generation_n of_o singular_n be_v for_o this_o that_o the_o life_n of_o the_o whole_a may_v be_v bless_v his_o essence_n be_v not_o for_o thy_o sake_n but_o thou_o be_v make_v for_o his_o sake_n for_o every_o physician_n and_o every_o skilful_a artificer_n make_v all_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o whole_a aspire_v after_o the_o commun_n utility_n thence_o he_o make_v not_o the_o whole_a for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o part_n but_o the_o part_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o whole_a but_o thou_o be_v full_a of_o indignation_n because_o thou_o can_v not_o see_v how_o that_o which_o be_v best_a may_v accord_v with_o the_o commun_n good_a and_o thy_o proper_a interest_n here_o be_v several_a thing_n remarkable_a for_o explication_n and_o demonstration_n that_o the_o glory_n of_o god_n be_v the_o last_o end_n of_o divine_a gubernation_n 1_o he_o say_v all_o singular_n be_v for_o this_o that_o the_o life_n of_o the_o whole_a may_v be_v bless_v why_o may_v we_o not_o by_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o whole_a understand_v god_n that_o plato_n sometime_o understande_v god_n by_o this_o notion_n special_o in_o his_o timaeus_n pag._n 90._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o contemplation_n of_o the_o whole_a etc._n etc._n i_o can_v easy_o persuade_v myself_o 2_o but_o grant_v that_o we_o must_v understand_v this_o of_o the_o universe_n strict_o take_v yet_o it_o must_v at_o last_o be_v resolve_v into_o god_n for_o be_v not_o the_o universe_n and_o allthing_n else_o for_o god_n sake_n not_o god_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o universe_n 3_o plato_n illustrate_v this_o by_o the_o symbol_n of_o a_o wise_a physician_n and_o skilful_a artificer_n who_o work_v all_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o be_v not_o the_o divine_a bonitie_n and_o glory_n that_o great_a university_n or_o whole_a into_o which_o all_o low_a end_n must_v be_v melt_v 4_o plato_n blame_v his_o young_a atheist_n and_o in_o he_o the_o most_o of_o man_n for_o prefer_v their_o private_a good_a before_o the_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a which_o theology_n teach_v be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o glory_n of_o god_n that_o allthing_n be_v order_v and_o dispose_v by_o divine_a gubernation_n for_o the_o glory_n of_o god_n be_v manifest_a 1_o from_o the_o prime_a motion_n and_o causalitie_n of_o god_n for_o god_n be_v the_o prime_a motor_n of_o allthing_n and_o move_v by_o nothing_o it_o thence_o necessary_o follow_v that_o by_o his_o providence_n he_o govern_v and_o move_v allthing_n to_o himself_o as_o the_o last_o end_n the_o order_n of_o end_n necessary_o answer_v the_o order_n of_o agent_n the_o first_o cause_n and_o motor_n must_v needs_o be_v the_o last_o end_n of_o allthing_n 2_o from_o god_n dominion_n over_o allthing_n every_o agent_n have_v power_n to_o use_v his_o own_o work_n for_o the_o end_n he_o make_v they_o and_o be_v not_o all_o creature_n the_o work_n of_o god_n hand_n have_v he_o not_o then_o power_n to_o use_v they_o for_o his_o own_o glory_n 3_o from_o the_o perfection_n which_o allthing_n acquire_v by_o subserve_v the_o glory_n of_o god_n by_o how_o much_o the_o near_o any_o creature_n approach_v to_o the_o divine_a bonitie_n by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o perfect_a it_o be_v and_o be_v not_o every_o thing_n by_o so_o much_o the_o near_o the_o divine_a bonitie_n by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o subservient_fw-fr it_o be_v to_o the_o glory_n of_o god_n it_o be_v a_o good_a say_v of_o the_o spurious_a dionysius_n the_o supreme_a bonitie_n convertes_o allthing_n unto_o itself_o which_o all_o desire_n as_o their_o last_o end_n and_o by_o which_o they_o all_o subsist_v as_o their_o most_o perfect_a end_n hence_o 3._o prop._n the_o order_n whereby_o divine_a gubernation_n dispose_v and_o reduce_v allthing_n to_o their_o last_o end_n be_v most_o fix_a 40.26_o the_o order_n of_o divine_a gubernation_n fix_v esa_n 40.26_o immobile_a and_o perfect_a this_o according_a to_o sacred_a philosophy_n be_v well_o express_v esa_n 40.26_o lift_v up_o your_o eye_n on_o high_a and_o behold_v who_o have_v create_v these_o thing_n that_o bring_v out_o their_o host_n by_o number_n he_o call_v they_o all_o by_o name_n by_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o might_n for_o that_o he_o be_v strong_a in_o power_n not_o one_o fail_v observe_v here_o 1_o he_o call_v on_o mankind_n to_o lift_v up_o their_o eye_n for_o the_o contemplation_n of_o the_o creature_n thereby_o to_o instruct_v themselves_o in_o the_o gubernation_n of_o god_n 2_o he_o find_v divine_a gubernation_n on_o omnipotent_a creation_n 3_o he_o express_v god_n fix_v admirable_a order_n in_o govern_v thing_n special_o the_o celestial_a body_n by_o bring_v out_o their_o host_n by_o number_n o_o what_o a_o accurate_a order_n do_v all_o the_o celestial_a body_n observe_v in_o their_o motion_n be_v not_o every_o one_o number_a and_o range_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n by_o
limit_n this_o modal_a distinction_n to_o the_o dependence_n of_o the_o creature_n in_o its_o first_o emanation_n or_o creation_n but_o grant_v that_o its_o dependence_n in_o operation_n be_v real_o the_o same_o with_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o creature_n 4_o suppose_v we_o allow_v a_o modal_a distinction_n between_o the_o creature_n dependence_n and_o essence_n yet_o who_o know_v not_o but_o that_o the_o most_o awaken_v philosopher_n now_o general_o grant_v that_o modes_n special_o such_o as_o be_v substantial_a and_o essential_a do_v not_o real_o differ_v from_o the_o thing_n modify_v thus_o calovius_n metaphys_n pag._n 434._o dependence_n say_v he_o be_v a_o mode_n of_o a_o create_v be_v agree_v to_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o imperfection_n which_o be_v not_o the_o very_a essence_n of_o the_o creature_n nor_o yet_o a_o new_a entity_n distinct_a from_o the_o essence_n but_o something_o affect_v the_o create_v essence_n and_o he_o cite_v suarez_n for_o this_o his_o hypothesis_n hence_o §_o 7._o creatural_a dependence_n according_a to_o its_o formal_a idea_n and_o notion_n subordination_n dependence_n import_v subordination_n import_v a_o presupposition_n of_o influence_n or_o subordination_n posterioritie_n and_o inferioritie_n 1_o creatural_a dependence_n import_v a_o presupposition_n of_o influence_n or_o subordination_n to_o the_o first_o cause_n this_o be_v primary_o and_o formal_o include_v in_o the_o very_a notion_n of_o dependence_n neither_o do_v it_o add_v any_o real_a entity_n or_o mode_n distinct_a from_o the_o creature_n but_o explicate_v only_o the_o intrinsec_fw-la condition_n and_o habitude_n of_o the_o creature_n relate_v to_o the_o omnipotent_a causalitie_n and_o influence_n of_o god_n this_o subordination_n to_o god_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n arise_v from_o the_o imperfection_n of_o the_o creature_n and_o the_o absolute_a dominion_n of_o god_n and_o as_o to_o its_o latitude_n and_o extent_n it_o regard_v both_o natural_a and_o supernatural_a influence_n and_o being_n by_o supernatural_a being_n and_n influence_n i_o mean_v such_o as_o be_v above_o the_o sphere_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o connatural_a to_o or_o producible_a by_o its_o force_n and_o power_n these_o supernatural_a being_n have_v causality_n proportionable_a to_o their_o entity_n in_o which_o they_o be_v subordinate_a to_o god_n and_o dependent_a on_o he_o as_o natural_a being_n in_o their_o kind_n and_o in_o this_o respect_n the_o creature_n subordination_n to_o and_o dependence_n on_o god_n in_o the_o whole_a of_o its_o causalitie_n be_v commun_v both_o to_o natural_a and_o supernatural_a being_n yea_o supernatural_a being_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o subordination_n to_o god_n may_v be_v elevate_v and_o raise_v to_o act_n and_o cause_n somewhat_o beyond_o that_o causalitie_n which_o be_v connatural_a to_o they_o for_o even_o in_o this_o regard_n they_o be_v not_o less_o subordinate_a and_o subject_a to_o god_n than_o natural_a being_n be_v in_o their_o kind_n as_o suarez_n well_o urge_v metaph._n tom._n 2._o disput_fw-la 31._o sect._n 14._o pag._n 215._o such_o be_v the_o subordination_n both_o as_o to_o natural_n and_o supernatural_n which_o creatural_a dependence_n on_o god_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n formal_o include_v hence_o 2_o follow_v posterioritie_n posterioritie_n 2._o posterioritie_n every_o dependent_a as_o such_o be_v posterior_n to_o that_o on_o which_o it_o depend_v so_o the_o creature_n as_o to_o god_n aquinas_n tell_v we_o that_o all_o second_o cause_n act_v by_o virtue_n receive_v from_o the_o first_o cause_n as_o instrument_n act_v by_o the_o direction_n of_o art_n wherefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o all_o other_o agent_n whereby_o god_n fulfil_v the_o order_n of_o his_o gubernation_n act_n by_o virtue_n from_o god_n and_o thence_o that_o they_o be_v posterior_n to_o he_o and_o this_o i_o think_v if_o well_o understand_v may_v satisfy_v all_o those_o who_o with_o so_o much_o vehemence_n oppose_v all_o kind_n of_o predetermination_n by_o divine_a concourse_n as_o to_o the_o human_a will_n for_o if_o we_o grant_v that_o god_n be_v the_o first_o cause_n of_o the_o will_n motion_n i_o can_v see_v how_o we_o can_v deny_v he_o the_o predetermination_n of_o the_o wil._n though_o to_o avoid_v needless_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i_o general_o abstain_v from_o the_o term_n predetermination_n yet_o without_o that_o prejudice_n which_o some_o i_o conceive_v undeserved_o load_v it_o with_o for_o if_o the_o concourse_n of_o god_n be_v previous_a to_o the_o causalitie_n of_o the_o will_n so_o as_o to_o determine_v the_o same_o to_o act_v as_o we_o have_v demonstrate_v ch._n 7._o §_o 4._o i_o as_o yet_o can_v according_a to_o my_o shallow_a capacity_n see_v any_o cogent_a reason_n why_o the_o say_v previous_a concourse_n may_v not_o be_v term_v predeterminant_a but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o argument_n creatural_a dependence_n imply_v a_o posterioritie_n 1_o as_o to_o nature_n and_o causalitie_n 2_o as_o to_o origination_n and_o order_n 3_o as_o to_o dignity_n inferioritie_n 3._o inferioritie_n whence_o 3_o creatural_a dependence_n import_v also_o inferioritie_n for_o every_o dependent_a as_o such_o as_o inferior_a to_o that_o it_o depend_v on_o thus_o alvarez_n de_fw-fr auxil_n grat._n disput_fw-la 90._o pag._n 714._o dependence_n proper_o in_o cause_n efficient_a import_v a_o certain_a subordination_n and_o inferioritie_n of_o he_o who_o depend_v to_o he_o on_o who_o he_o depend_v therefore_o the_o divine_a operation_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n do_v not_o depend_v on_o the_o cooperation_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o cooperation_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n depend_v on_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n which_o be_v previous_a as_o ch._n 7._o §_o 4._o §_o 8._o allthing_n create_v depend_v on_o god_n as_o to_o their_o futurition_n futurition_n creatural_a dependence_n as_o to_o futurition_n for_o the_o explication_n and_o demonstration_n of_o this_o proposition_n we_o may_v consider_v 1_o that_o allthing_n future_a must_v have_v some_o cause_n of_o their_o futurition_n nothing_o future_a be_v of_o its_o own_o nature_n or_o by_o its_o own_o force_n future_a but_o indifferent_a to_o futurition_n or_o non-futurition_a if_o thing_n be_v in_o their_o own_o nature_n and_o of_o themselves_o future_a than_o they_o will_v be_v always_o future_a and_o never_o present_a for_o that_o which_o agree_v to_o any_o thing_n of_o its_o own_o nature_n agree_v to_o it_o inseparable_o hence_o it_o follow_v that_o futurition_n can_v agree_v to_o thing_n of_o their_o own_o nature_n but_o by_o some_o cause_n which_o bring_v they_o from_o a_o state_n of_o indifference_n and_o possibility_n to_o a_o state_n of_o futurition_n and_o assure_o that_o which_o have_v not_o a_o certain_a determinate_a cause_n of_o its_o futurition_n can_v be_v certain_o and_o determinate_o future_a but_o only_o possible_a 2_o that_o which_o give_v futurition_n unto_o allthing_n be_v the_o divine_a will_n and_o decree_n it_o be_v impossible_a that_o any_o thing_n shall_v pass_v from_o a_o state_n of_o pure_a possibility_n to_o a_o state_n of_o futurition_n but_o by_o the_o will_n of_o god_n thing_n be_v not_o foresee_v and_o decree_v by_o god_n because_o future_a as_o some_o will_v needs_o persuade_v we_o but_o they_o be_v therefore_o future_a because_o decree_v by_o god_n thus_o wiclef_n hold_v that_o the_o determination_n of_o god_n give_v the_o high_a firmitie_n in_o the_o futurition_n of_o his_o work_n as_o walden_n tom._n 1._o l._n 1._o c._n 23._o pag._n 37._o and_o bradwardine_n assert_v that_o every_o proposition_n of_o what_o be_v future_a be_v subject_v to_o the_o divine_a will_n and_o originate_v thereby_o so_o that_o indeed_o not_o create_v be_v either_o simple_a or_o complexe_n can_v be_v future_a antecedent_o to_o the_o divine_a wil._n whence_o it_o necessary_o follow_v 3_o that_o allthing_n future_a depend_v on_o god_n for_o their_o futurition_n every_o thing_n may_v as_o well_o give_v be_v to_o itself_o as_o futurition_n of_o this_o see_v more_o ch._n 5._o §_o 2._o of_o god_n science_n §_o 9_o all_o creature_n depend_v on_o god_n as_o to_o their_o first_o production_n and_o conservation_n 1_o all_o creature_n depend_v on_o god_n as_o to_o their_o first_o production_n and_o existence_n plato_n in_o his_o timaeus_n p._n 28._o say_v conservation_n creatural_a dependence_n as_o to_o essence_n and_o conservation_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o every_o thing_n produce_v be_v necessary_o produce_v by_o some_o cause_n for_o nothing_o can_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o itself_o as_o novitie_n of_o essence_n be_v essential_a to_o the_o creature_n so_o also_o dependence_n on_o god_n for_o that_o essence_n yea_o every_o mutation_n and_o state_n of_o the_o creature_n with_o all_o its_o various_a modification_n be_v from_o god_n yea_o suarez_n metaphys_n tom._n 2._o disp_n 31._o sect_n 14._o p._n 216._o tell_v we_o that_o a_o create_v be_v as_o such_o consider_v precise_o and_o abstract_o require_v no_o other_o cause_n
but_o the_o increate_v be_v in_o who_o it_o have_v a_o sufficient_a cause_n both_o efficient_a exemplar_n and_o final_a for_o albeit_o some_o create_v being_n require_v other_o efficient_a cause_n beside_o god_n at_o least_o for_o their_o more_o connatural_a production_n yet_o the_o reason_n of_o a_o create_v be_v as_o such_o require_v they_o not_o and_o in_o what_o precede_v he_o say_v that_o the_o dependence_n of_o a_o effect_n on_o any_o create_v second_o cause_n be_v not_o so_o essential_a as_o its_o dependence_n on_o the_o increate_v first_o cause_n 2_o all_o creature_n depend_v on_o god_n for_o their_o conservation_n this_o have_v be_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v in_o what_o precede_v c._n 8._o and_o it_o ma_fw-fr be_v further_o argue_v from_o the_o impossibility_n of_o a_o creature_n be_v conserve_v but_o in_o a_o way_n of_o dependence_n on_o god_n conservative_n influence_n for_o if_o a_o creature_n shall_v be_v conserve_v by_o itself_o or_o any_o other_o cause_n without_o dependence_n on_o the_o first_o cause_n god_n shall_v not_o have_v a_o absolute_a dominion_n over_o it_o neither_o be_v it_o in_o his_o power_n to_o annihilate_v the_o same_o §_o 10._o every_o creature_n depend_v on_o god_n as_o to_o operation_n this_o hypothesis_n though_o deny_v by_o durandus_fw-la operation_n creatural_a dependence_n as_o to_o operation_n and_o some_o very_o few_o more_o yet_o it_o be_v general_o own_a by_o scholastic_a theologue_n and_o that_o on_o invict_v evident_a ground_n for_o 1_o operation_n be_v the_o index_n of_o the_o essence_n what_o be_v dependent_a in_o essence_n can_v be_v independent_a in_o operation_n 2_o let_v we_o consider_v the_o series_n of_o cause_n and_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o every_o inferior_a be_v obedient_a and_o subordinate_a to_o its_o superior_a in_o act_v 3_o what_o be_v a_o action_n but_o that_o special_a dependence_n which_o the_o effect_n have_v on_o its_o efficient_a cause_n and_o be_v not_o god_n the_o prime_n efficient_a of_o allthing_n 4_o no_o virtue_n or_o efficace_n of_o any_o second_o cause_n can_v actuate_v itself_o but_o necessary_o require_v for_o its_o actuation_n the_o divine_a concourse_n which_o give_v all_o virtue_n as_o also_o the_o conservation_n and_o actuation_n of_o the_o say_a virtue_n the_o virtue_n of_o the_o inferior_a agent_n always_o depend_v on_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o superior_a in_o as_o much_o as_o the_o superior_a give_v virtue_n to_o the_o inferior_a as_o also_o the_o conservation_n and_o actuation_n of_o the_o same_o virtue_n 5_o whatever_o be_v limit_v in_o its_o essence_n be_v also_o limit_v in_o its_o activity_n and_o operation_n and_o where_o there_o be_v limitation_n there_o be_v subordination_n and_o dependence_n as_o well_o in_o operation_n as_o in_o essence_n 6_o if_o every_o second_o cause_n depend_v not_o on_o its_o first_o for_o all_o its_o operation_n than_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o the_o first_o cause_n shall_v hinder_v such_o operation_n for_o the_o exerting_fw-mi whereof_o the_o second_o cause_n depend_v not_o on_o he_o who_o can_v hinder_v that_o action_n which_o he_o can_v by_o any_o influence_n reach_v and_o if_o this_o be_v grant_v what_o will_v become_v of_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n must_v we_o not_o with_o epicurus_n allow_v god_n to_o be_v only_o a_o spectator_n no_o way_n a_o rector_n or_o gubernator_n of_o the_o most_o considerable_a part_n of_o human_a affair_n and_o act_n that_o no_o creature_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d unimpedible_a in_o operation_n we_o have_v demonstrate_v in_o what_o precede_v §_o 4._o of_o this_o chapter_n 7_o it_o imply_v a_o contradiction_n that_o the_o second_o cause_n shall_v act_v and_o yet_o not_o be_v actuate_v and_o influence_v by_o the_o first_o cause_n and_o here_o while_o under_o the_o review_n of_o these_o sentiment_n i_o may_v not_o let_v pass_n without_o some_o animadversion_n the_o reflection_n of_o a_o learned_a author_n in_o a_o new_a piece_n about_o god_n prescience_n on_o this_o argument_n namely_o that_o it_o can_v never_o be_v prove_v that_o it_o imply_v a_o contradiction_n for_o god_n to_o make_v a_o creature_n which_o shall_v be_v capable_a of_o act_v without_o a_o immediate_a concourse_n if_o i_o apprehend_v his_o meaning_n as_o lay_v down_o p._n 35_o 36_o 37._o but_o because_o that_o learned_a author_n give_v we_o only_o his_o supposition_n without_o any_o demonstration_n thereof_o or_o solution_n of_o those_o argument_n which_o the_o school_n both_o of_o thomist_n and_o scotiste_n as_o also_o the_o jesuit_n suarez_n and_o other_o have_v urge_v against_o the_o hypothesis_n of_o durandus_fw-la which_o he_o seem_v to_o espouse_v i_o do_v not_o conceive_v myself_o oblige_v to_o superadde_a any_o argument_n for_o the_o re-enforcement_n of_o this_o hypothesis_n which_o as_o be_v already_o copiose_o demonstrate_v §_o 5_o 6_o 7._o also_o chap._n 7._o §_o 2_o 4._o and_o chap._n 9_o i_o shall_v only_o add_v thus_o much_o that_o i_o can_v according_a to_o the_o utmost_a extension_n of_o my_o narrow_a apprehension_n conceive_v any_o medium_n between_o the_o extreme_n of_o this_o disjunctive_a proposition_n either_o the_o human_a will_n must_v depend_v on_o the_o divine_a independent_a will_n of_o god_n for_o all_o its_o natural_a motion_n and_o operation_n or_o god_n must_v depend_v on_o the_o human_a will_n in_o itself_o independent_a for_o all_o his_o prescience_n motive_n of_o election_n and_o all_o discrimination_n as_o to_o grace_n and_o gratiose_fw-la operation_n i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a of_o the_o general_a reply_n that_o this_o hypothesis_n i_o oppose_v only_a cut_n off_o god_n concourse_n as_o to_o sinful_a acts._n but_o i_o will_v willing_o be_v satisfy_v in_o these_o query_n 1_o whether_o there_o be_v any_o action_n of_o man_n on_o earth_n so_o good_a which_o have_v not_o some_o mixture_n of_o sin_n in_o it_o and_o if_o god_n concur_v to_o the_o substrate_a matter_n of_o it_o as_o good_a must_v be_v not_o also_o necessary_o concur_v to_o the_o substrate_a matter_n of_o it_o as_o sinful_a be_v not_o the_o substrate_a matter_n of_o the_o act_n both_o as_o good_a and_o sinful_a the_o same_o 2_o again_o as_o there_o be_v no_o action_n in_o this_o imperfect_a state_n so_o good_a but_o it_o have_v some_o sin_n mix_v with_o it_o so_o be_v there_o any_o action_n so_o sinful_a which_o have_v not_o some_o natural_a good_a as_o the_o substrate_a matter_n thereof_o as_o we_o have_v large_o prove_v chap._n 9_o §_o 2_o 3_o last_o if_o we_o cut_v off_o the_o material_a entity_n of_o sinful_a act_n from_o dependence_n on_o god_n immediate_a concourse_n do_v we_o not_o indeed_o thereby_o cut_v off_o the_o most_o illustrious_a part_n of_o divine_a providence_n in_o govern_v this_o low_a world_n but_o of_o these_o sufficient_o in_o what_o precede_v special_o c._n 7._o §_o 9_o hence_o §_o 11._o the_o will_n of_o man_n be_v necessary_o subordinate_a to_o and_o dependent_a on_o the_o will_n of_o god_n in_o all_o its_o operation_n acts._n the_o dependence_n of_o the_o human_a will_n in_o all_o its_o acts._n the_o will_n of_o man_n can_v be_v the_o solitary_a cause_n of_o its_o own_o act_n so_o as_o to_o exclude_v the_o efficience_n of_o the_o prime_a cause_n as_o c._n 7._o §_o 4._o it_o be_v true_a the_o will_n be_v a_o total_a cause_n in_o its_o own_o kind_n yet_o not_o so_o as_o to_o exclude_v the_o total_a influx_n of_o god_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n yea_o god_n be_v not_o only_o the_o total_a but_o also_o the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o all_o voluntary_a act_n which_o argue_v the_o will_n total_a and_o immediate_a dependence_n on_o god_n in_o all_o its_o act_n as_o c._n 7._o §_o 4._o thus_o aquinas_n see_v every_o mutable_a and_o multiforme_a must_v be_v reduce_v to_o some_o immobile_fw-la principe_fw-la as_o unto_o its_o cause_n and_o the_o intellect_n and_o will_n of_o man_n appear_v to_o be_v mutable_a and_o multiforme_a it_o be_v necessary_a that_o they_o be_v reduce_v to_o some_o superior_a immobile_a immutable_a and_o uniform_a cause_n yea_o he_o say_v that_o god_n be_v most_o intime_o present_v to_o the_o will_n and_o as_o it_o be_v act_v in_o it_o while_o he_o move_v it_o to_o act_v and_o scotus_n in_o 2._o sent._n dist_n 37._o q._n 2._o query_n whether_o the_o create_v will_v be_v so_o far_o a_o total_a and_o immediate_a cause_n of_o its_o own_o act_n as_o to_o exclude_v the_o immediate_a efficience_n of_o god_n and_o he_o prove_v the_o negative_a because_o 1_o if_o so_o than_o it_o will_v necessary_o follow_v that_o god_n do_v not_o certain_o know_v the_o future_a evenement_n and_o act_n of_o the_o will_n because_o his_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n future_a depend_v on_o the_o determination_n of_o his_o own_o will_n as_o chap._n 5._o §_o 2._o 2_o if_o so_o then_o god_n be_v not_o the_o best_a and_o most_o perfect_a be_v because_o he_o shall_v not_o have_v dominion_n over_o the_o