of_o the_o two_o contrary_n for_o if_o blackness_n be_v visible_a it_o follow_v not_o that_o whiteness_n be_v invisible_a because_o to_o be_v visible_a belong_v to_o the_o genus_fw-la of_o whiteness_n and_o blackness_n namely_o to_o colour_v we_o must_v also_o except_v such_o cause_n as_o do_v act_n by_o accident_n as_o if_o a_o white_a man_n build_v his_o own_o house_n it_o follow_v not_o that_o a_o black_a man_n must_v pull_v down_o he_o and_o if_o heat_n do_v harden_v the_o ground_n it_o follow_v not_o that_o frost_n must_v soften_v it_o 4._o the_o self_n same_o cause_n may_v bring_v forth_o certain_a effect_n when_o the_o action_n of_o the_o cause_n depend_v from_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o matter_n against_o which_o it_o act_v so_o the_o sun_n give_v a_o sweet_a smell_n to_o flower_n but_o it_o make_v a_o carrion_n stink_n and_o fire_n harden_v the_o earth_n and_o soften_v wax_v 5._o every_o subject_n that_o be_v capable_a to_o receive_v the_o one_o of_o the_o contrary_n be_v also_o capable_a to_o receive_v the_o other_o thus_o whatsoever_o may_v be_v heat_v may_v be_v cool_v and_o whatsoever_o may_v be_v harden_v may_v be_v soften_v 6._o one_o of_o the_o contrary_n be_v grant_v the_o other_o be_v overthrow_v thus_o he_o that_o be_v not_o free_a be_v a_o bondman_n but_o it_o follow_v not_o that_o if_o one_o of_o the_o contrary_n be_v deny_v the_o other_o must_v be_v grant_v except_o they_o be_v such_o contrary_n as_o have_v no_o mean_a between_o they_o as_o if_o the_o body_n be_v not_o white_a it_o follow_v not_o that_o it_o be_v black_a but_o in_o contrary_n that_o be_v without_o mean_a this_o consequent_a iâ—_n good_a as_o if_o this_o line_n be_v not_o straight_o it_o be_v crooked_a 7._o of_o two_o good_a thing_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v lesser_a and_o the_o other_o great_a the_o contrary_a to_o the_o great_a good_a be_v the_o great_a evil_n as_o virtue_n and_o health_n be_v two_o good_a thing_n if_o virtue_n therefore_o be_v a_o great_a good_a than_o health_n vice_n must_v be_v a_o great_a evil_n than_o sickness_n except_o when_o one_o of_o the_o two_o good_a thing_n be_v comprise_v in_o the_o other_o as_o to_o have_v the_o skill_n of_o read_v and_o the_o skill_n of_o philosophy_n for_o though_o the_o skill_n of_o philosophy_n â—e_v a_o great_a good_a than_o the_o skill_n of_o read_v yet_o it_o follow_v not_o that_o not_o to_o be_v skilful_a in_o philosophy_n be_v a_o great_a evil_n than_o not_o to_o be_v skilful_a in_o read_v because_o the_o skill_n of_o read_v be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o skill_n of_o philosophy_n 8._o contradictory_n can_v stand_v together_o and_o one_o of_o they_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v as_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o be_v not_o either_o man_n or_o not_o man_n and_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o be_v both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o fifteen_o chapter_n comparison_n of_o thing_n thing_n be_v oft_o compare_v according_a to_o their_o goodness_n and_o excellency_n and_o then_o the_o comparison_n be_v make_v by_o these_o rule_n or_o maxim_n maxim_n maxim_n 1._o whatsoever_o be_v desire_v in_o regard_n of_o itself_o be_v better_a than_o that_o which_o be_v desire_v only_o in_o regard_n of_o some_o other_o thing_n as_o life_n be_v better_a than_o money_n and_o sight_n be_v more_o to_o be_v desire_v then_o spectacle_n and_o health_n than_o physic_n 2._o that_o which_o be_v good_a to_o all_o be_v better_a than_o that_o which_o be_v only_o good_a to_o some_o and_o which_o be_v use_v but_o seldom_o and_o for_o certain_a respect_n thus_o light_n be_v better_a than_o darkness_n and_o to_o have_v two_o arm_n be_v better_a than_o to_o be_v maim_v for_o darkness_n be_v of_o use_n only_o for_o thief_n and_o debauch_a person_n and_o to_o have_v but_o one_o arm_n be_v of_o use_n only_o to_o beggar_n who_o thereby_o set_v forth_o their_o misery_n 3._o that_o which_o be_v good_a of_o it_o own_o nature_n be_v better_a than_o that_o which_o be_v good_a only_a by_o accident_n or_o which_o be_v of_o use_n only_o to_o avoid_v a_o great_a evil_n thus_o health_n be_v better_a than_o physic_n and_o to_o have_v our_o ware_n in_o our_o ship_n be_v better_a than_o to_o cast_v they_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o prudence_n be_v better_a than_o chance_n 4._o one_o good_a which_o when_o we_o have_v we_o need_v not_o the_o other_o be_v better_a than_o that_o which_o when_o we_o have_v we_o have_v yet_o need_v of_o the_o other_o thus_o to_o be_v love_v of_o god_n be_v better_a than_o to_o be_v love_v of_o man_n and_o to_o have_v the_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o a_o art_n be_v better_a than_o to_o have_v it_o write_v in_o a_o book_n 5._o of_o final_a cause_n the_o last_o be_v ever_o the_o best_a thus_o happiness_n be_v better_a than_o virtue_n and_o the_o skill_n of_o manage_v a_o horse_n be_v better_a than_o the_o skill_n to_o make_v a_o spur_n 6._o permanent_a good_n be_v better_a than_o the_o transitory_a as_o virtue_n be_v better_a than_o money_n but_o in_o general_a without_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o goodness_n or_o excellency_n of_o thing_n they_o may_v be_v compare_v by_o these_o maxim_n follow_v 1._o maxim_n other_o maxim_n that_o which_o be_v such_o of_o it_o own_o nature_n be_v more_o such_o than_o that_o which_o be_v only_o such_o by_o participation_n thus_o the_o sun_n be_v clear_a than_o a_o look_a glass_n when_o the_o sun_n shine_v on_o it_o 2._o that_o which_o be_v such_o of_o itself_o be_v more_o such_o than_o that_o which_o be_v such_o only_a by_o accident_n as_o exercise_n and_o good_a nourishment_n be_v more_o healthful_a than_o the_o cut_n off_o of_o a_o arm_n and_o the_o death_n of_o the_o son_n of_o god_n have_v be_v more_o beneficial_a to_o salvation_n than_o the_o treason_n of_o judas_n howsoever_o god_n use_v it_o as_o a_o mean_n for_o our_o good_a 3._o that_o which_o be_v most_o remote_a from_o his_o contrary_n be_v more_o such_o than_o that_o which_o be_v less_o remote_a and_o therefore_o the_o cold_a in_o norway_n be_v great_a than_o that_o in_o italy_n because_o it_o be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o south_n from_o whence_o the_o heat_n come_v 4._o that_o which_o act_v more_o forcible_o be_v common_o more_o such_o then_o that_o which_o act_v more_o weak_o as_o that_o which_o hurt_v more_o be_v worse_a than_o that_o which_o hurt_v less_o and_o that_o which_o prick_v more_o be_v sharp_a point_v then_o that_o which_o prick_v less_o this_o rule_n have_v exception_n aire_n and_o water_n be_v equal_o moist_a nay_o aristotle_n hold_v the_o air_n to_o be_v moist_a yet_o water_n moisten_v more_o than_o air_n so_o the_o flame_n be_v hot_a or_o rather_o hot_a than_o the_o hot_a iron_n and_o yet_o a_o hot_a iron_n burn_v more_o than_o the_o flame_n do_v the_o sixteenth_o chapter_n comparison_n of_o probability_n or_o likelihood_n thing_n be_v compare_v in_o probability_n when_o we_o question_v whether_o of_o the_o two_o be_v the_o more_o credible_a and_o this_o be_v do_v when_o to_o prove_v some_o one_o thing_n we_o bring_v in_o another_o equal_o or_o more_o or_o less_o probable_a then_o that_o which_o be_v in_o question_n this_o comparison_n may_v be_v make_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n alike_o 1._o probable_a alike_o for_o first_o when_o we_o will_v prove_v a_o thing_n in_o question_n we_o may_v bring_v in_o another_o thing_n as_o probable_a as_o it_o for_o example_n if_o a_o prince_n have_v grant_v something_o to_o one_o citizen_n another_o citizen_n may_v pretend_v that_o the_o like_a grant_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v unto_o he_o also_o because_o he_o be_v a_o citizen_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o and_o nothing_o inferior_a to_o he_o so_o a_o fault_n which_o be_v pardon_v to_o some_o one_o in_o regard_n of_o his_o youth_n must_v be_v pardon_v to_o another_o as_o young_a as_o he_o this_o reason_n be_v ground_v upon_o this_o maxim_n maxim_n maxim_n of_o two_o thing_n equal_o probable_a or_o equal_o just_a the_o one_o be_v grant_v make_v the_o other_o to_o be_v easy_o believe_v probable_a 2._o more_o probable_a second_o to_o prove_v a_o thing_n in_o question_n we_o may_v bring_v another_o thing_n more_o probable_a than_o it_o argue_v thus_o if_o that_o which_o be_v more_o probable_a be_v not_o much_o less_o shall_v that_o be_v which_o be_v less_o probable_a for_o example_n if_o a_o father_n will_v not_o have_v his_o child_n go_v rich_o apparel_v much_o less_o will_v he_o suffer_v it_o in_o his_o servant_n and_o if_o the_o apostle_n be_v not_o without_o sin_n how_o much_o less_o be_v we_o this_o be_v call_v argue_v from_o a_o more_o probable_a to_o a_o less_o and_o ground_v upon_o this_o maxim_n maxim_n maxim_n if_o that_o which_o be_v more_o possible_a
nature_n which_o be_v not_o couple_v in_o word_n as_o the_o sleep_n and_o to_o slumber_v there_o be_v also_o certain_a word_n couple_v which_o notwithstanding_o for_o matter_n be_v not_o of_o necesâ—â—tie_n link_v together_o as_o buckle_v and_o a_o buckler_n now_o for_o argument_n and_o discourse_n the_o couple_a and_o affinity_n which_o be_v in_o word_n be_v of_o no_o use_n except_o there_o be_v also_o affinity_n in_o the_o thing_n but_o where_o the_o affinity_n of_o word_n proceed_v from_o the_o affinity_n in_o the_o thing_n we_o use_v this_o maxim_n maxim_n maxim_n to_o whosoever_o one_o of_o the_o coniugate_v or_o thing_n couple_v do_v belong_v the_o other_o also_o belong_v unto_o the_o same_o as_o he_o that_o lie_v be_v a_o liar_n and_o to_o whosoever_o it_o belong_v to_o do_v a_o just_a thing_n to_o he_o also_o belong_v justice_n and_o to_o live_v just_o and_o see_v thou_o be_v a_o knave_n thou_o must_v be_v give_v unto_o knavery_n this_o maxim_n be_v not_o without_o exception_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o example_n of_o cambyses_n who_o be_v very_o unjust_a do_v notwithstanding_o some_o just_a action_n as_o in_o that_o he_o cover_v the_o seat_n of_o justice_n with_o the_o skin_n of_o a_o unjust_a judge_n who_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v flay_v as_o a_o warn_n to_o all_o that_o shall_v sit_v upon_o the_o say_a seat_n and_o so_o there_o may_v be_v a_o prince_n love_a treason_n who_o notwithstanding_o hate_v the_o traitor_n the_o eleven_o chapter_n of_o cause_n and_o effect_n a_o cause_n be_v that_o which_o bring_v forth_o a_o effect_n or_o that_o by_o which_o or_o for_o which_o any_o thing_n be_v there_o be_v four_o kind_n of_o cause_n the_o material_a the_o formal_n the_o efficient_a and_o the_o final_a for_o example_n the_o matter_n of_o a_o house_n be_v stone_n wood_n and_o tile_n the_o form_n be_v the_o structure_n and_o manner_n of_o building_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o place_n or_o order_v of_o the_o part_n the_o efficient_a cause_n be_v the_o masterbuilder_n the_o final_a cause_n be_v for_o dwell_v or_o habitation_n the_o efficient_a and_o final_a cause_n be_v call_v externall_n because_o they_o be_v out_o of_o the_o thing_n and_o be_v not_o part_n of_o it_o as_o the_o builder_n be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o house_n for_o suppose_v the_o builder_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o the_o house_n which_o he_o have_v build_v yet_o be_v he_o still_o a_o external_a cause_n by_o reason_n that_o he_o be_v not_o of_o the_o essence_n or_o definition_n of_o the_o house_n nor_o any_o part_n of_o it_o but_o the_o matter_n and_o form_n be_v internal_a cause_n because_o the_o thing_n be_v compose_v of_o they_o material_a the_o cause_n material_a matter_n be_v that_o whereof_o the_o thing_n be_v compose_v as_o leather_n be_v the_o matter_n of_o a_o shoe_n because_o a_o shoe_n be_v make_v of_o leather_n matter_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n the_o one_o be_v call_v matter_n of_o generation_n as_o the_o seed_n be_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o a_o tree_n slime_n be_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o frog_n so_o water_n be_v the_o matter_n of_o ice_n the_o other_o be_v the_o matter_n of_o composition_n as_o the_o four_o element_n be_v the_o matter_n whereof_o a_o body_n be_v compose_v wood_n and_o stone_n be_v the_o matter_n of_o a_o house_n sometime_o matter_n be_v take_v improper_o for_o the_o subject_n whereof_o we_o speak_v or_o write_v thus_o battle_n and_o love_n be_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o book_n of_o ariost_n and_o sometime_o for_o the_o occasion_n and_o subject_n whereabout_o man_n do_v labour_n and_o occupy_v himself_o as_o number_n be_v the_o matter_n of_o a_o arithmetician_n and_o danger_n and_o trouble_n be_v the_o matter_n of_o prowess_n and_o patience_n form_n be_v that_o which_o give_v be_v to_o a_o thing_n formal_n formal_n of_o form_n some_o be_v natural_a as_o the_o form_n of_o a_o animal_n be_v the_o sensitive_a soul_n and_o the_o form_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v the_o faculty_n of_o see_v other_o be_v artificial_a as_o the_o form_n of_o a_o statue_n of_o a_o house_n or_o of_o a_o clock_n natural_a form_n be_v part_n of_o the_o substance_n and_o be_v multiply_v by_o generation_n but_o artificial_a form_n be_v quality_n and_o no_o part_n of_o the_o substance_n neither_o be_v they_o multiply_v by_o generation_n or_o propagation_n if_o we_o engrave_v the_o image_n of_o caesar_n upon_o a_o nut_n that_o nut_n be_v plant_v will_v bring_v forth_o fruit_n and_o nut_n but_o not_o the_o image_n of_o caesar_n and_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o child_n be_v not_o heir_n of_o the_o learning_n or_o piety_n of_o their_o father_n the_o efficient_a efficient_a efficient_a cause_n be_v that_o by_o which_o a_o thing_n be_v as_o the_o sun_n be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o day_n and_o the_o fire_n of_o burn_a and_o sickness_n of_o death_n and_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o moon_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n under_o the_o efficient_a cause_n we_o comprehend_v the_o cause_n which_o be_v call_v meritorious_a as_o murder_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o punishment_n likewise_o under_o the_o efficient_a cause_n we_o comprehend_v the_o cause_n which_o be_v call_v defective_a as_o the_o want_n of_o sight_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o go_v astray_o and_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o night_n howsoever_o by_o nature_n it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o day_n all_o instrument_n both_o natural_a as_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o hand_n and_o artificial_a as_o a_o axe_n and_o a_o sword_n be_v in_o some_o sort_n efficient_a cause_n for_o though_o they_o act_n not_o by_o their_o own_o proper_a power_n yet_o they_o help_v the_o action_n and_o without_o they_o the_o natural_a action_n will_v either_o be_v weak_a or_o altogether_o hinder_v the_o final_a final_a final_a cause_n be_v that_o for_o the_o which_o a_o thing_n be_v do_v so_o the_o end_n of_o physic_n be_v to_o heal_v the_o sick_a and_o the_o end_n of_o study_n be_v to_o get_v learning_n we_o must_v wary_o distinguish_v the_o scope_n from_o the_o end_n as_o the_o scope_n of_o walk_v be_v health_n but_o the_o end_n be_v the_o last_o step_n the_o one_o be_v the_o end_n of_o the_o intention_n the_o other_o the_o end_n of_o progression_n the_o final_a cause_n may_v also_o be_v the_o formal_a and_o efficient_a cause_n but_o â—n_o divers_a respect_n as_o the_o form_n of_o the_o house_n be_v the_o end_n of_o the_o builder_n and_o the_o form_n of_o a_o horse_n engender_v be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o same_o horse_n and_o also_o the_o final_a cause_n of_o the_o horse_n engender_v and_o that_o which_o be_v the_o final_a cause_n iâ—_n common_o a_o effect_n as_o to_o see_v be_v the_o final_a cause_n and_o also_o the_o effect_n of_o sight_n of_o cause_n the_o final_a be_v the_o best_a and_o most_o excellent_a because_o all_o the_o other_o tend_v unto_o it_o and_o serve_v it_o the_o final_a cause_n as_o it_o be_v the_o last_o in_o execution_n so_o it_o be_v the_o first_o in_o the_o intention_n efficient_a and_o final_a cause_n bring_v forth_o their_o effect_n accident_n cause_n of_o themselves_o or_o by_o accident_n either_o of_o themselves_o and_o of_o their_o own_o nature_n or_o by_o accident_n thus_o the_o sun_n give_v light_a of_o itself_o and_o of_o his_o own_o nature_n but_o by_o accident_n it_o blind_v owl_n and_o the_o neigh_n of_o darius_n his_o horse_n be_v the_o accidental_a cause_n of_o his_o raise_v to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o thirst_n may_v be_v a_o accidental_a cause_n to_o save_v a_o man_n out_o of_o the_o battle_n if_o be_v thirsty_a and_o go_v out_o of_o the_o army_n to_o drink_v it_o so_o happen_v that_o while_o he_o be_v a_o drink_n the_o army_n be_v sudden_o discomfit_v so_o a_o musician_n that_o build_v a_o house_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o building_n as_o he_o be_v a_o musician_n but_o as_o he_o be_v a_o architect_n or_o builder_n it_o be_v the_o same_o of_o the_o final_a cause_n for_o example_n heal_v be_v the_o proper_a end_n of_o physic_n but_o the_o gain_n of_o the_o physician_n be_v a_o accidental_a end_n the_o one_o be_v the_o end_n of_o the_o art_n and_o the_o other_o of_o the_o person_n remote_a cause_n next_z or_o remote_a again_o there_o be_v some_o next_o and_o some_o remote_a cause_n for_o example_n the_o next_o end_n of_o the_o art_n of_o a_o soldier_n be_v war_n and_o the_o remote_a be_v victory_n and_o the_o end_n more_o remote_a be_v a_o happy_a peace_n so_o the_o next_o efficient_a cause_n of_o death_n be_v sickness_n of_o sickness_n excess_n and_o of_o excess_n bad_a company_n the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o form_n and_o matter_n the_o next_o matter_n of_o a_o table_n be_v
and_o to_o make_v it_o receive_v the_o power_n of_o the_o agent_n of_o action_n some_o be_v natural_a as_o the_o pant_a of_o the_o heart_n the_o motion_n of_o a_o stone_n downward_o other_o be_v voluntary_a as_o to_o buy_v to_o sell_v to_o paint_v to_o fence_v which_o notwithstanding_o be_v not_o do_v without_o the_o help_n of_o nature_n other_o be_v mix_v that_o be_v to_o say_v partly_o natural_a partly_o voluntary_a as_o to_o eat_v to_o walk_v to_o run_v which_o indeed_o be_v natural_a action_n but_o be_v guide_v by_o the_o will_n violent_a action_n and_o against_o nature_n be_v such_o as_o be_v contrary_a to_o natural_a action_n as_o the_o throwing_z of_o a_o stone_n upward_o but_o those_o be_v contrary_a to_o voluntary_a action_n which_o be_v call_v force_v or_o constrain_v as_o to_o be_v pull_v or_o hale_v into_o prison_n there_o be_v certain_a action_n that_o be_v partly_o voluntary_a partly_o force_v as_o when_o a_o merchant_n cast_v his_o merchandise_n into_o the_o sea_n to_o ease_v the_o ship_n or_o when_o a_o patient_n cause_v his_o arm_n to_o be_v cut_v off_o the_o natural_a action_n and_o motion_n be_v swift_a in_o the_o end_n as_o the_o fall_n of_o a_o stone_n downward_o the_o voluntary_a action_n be_v swift_a in_o the_o midst_n as_o running_z the_o violent_a be_v swift_a in_o the_o beginning_n as_o the_o cast_n of_o a_o stone_n or_o shoot_v of_o a_o arrow_n every_o action_n import_v a_o certain_a motion_n if_o the_o motion_n be_v in_o the_o substance_n it_o be_v call_v generation_n or_o corruption_n if_o in_o the_o quantity_n it_o be_v call_v augmentation_n or_o diminution_n if_o in_o the_o quality_n it_o be_v call_v alteration_n if_o in_o the_o place_n it_o be_v call_v local_a motion_n or_o transportation_n there_o be_v no_o generation_n without_o corruption_n nor_o no_o corruption_n without_o generation_n but_o we_o call_v it_o generation_n when_o the_o matter_n take_v a_o better_a form_n and_o corruption_n when_o it_o pass_v into_o a_o worse_a the_o local_a motion_n be_v the_o chief_a of_o all_o motion_n without_o which_o the_o rest_n move_v not_o at_o all_o and_o beside_o there_o be_v no_o other_o motion_n belong_v to_o the_o heaven_n where_o motion_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o all_o other_o motion_n as_o well_o in_o substance_n as_o in_o quantity_n and_o quality_n the_o heaven_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o whole_a do_v rest_n but_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o part_n do_v change_n place_n even_o as_o a_o top_n that_o sleep_v turn_v the_o table_n of_o action_n action_n be_v natural_a voluntary_a mixt._n violent_a the_o table_n of_o motion_n motion_n be_v on_o the_o substance_n and_o be_v call_v generation_n corruption_n quantity_n and_o be_v call_v augmentation_n diminution_n quality_n and_o be_v call_v alteration_n place_n and_o be_v call_v transport_v or_o local-motion_n the_o nine_o chapter_n of_o suffer_v or_o passion_n to_o suffer_v be_v to_o receive_v the_o power_n of_o the_o agent_n there_o be_v as_o many_o kind_n of_o suffer_v as_o of_o do_v oftentimes_o the_o agent_n do_v suffer_v in_o act_v as_o when_o a_o man_n roll_a a_o weighty_a stone_n tire_v himself_o and_o sweat_v or_o when_o a_o man_n hurt_v his_o tooth_n in_o crack_v a_o nut._n the_o agent_n do_v not_o suffer_v when_o it_o be_v out_o of_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o activity_n of_o the_o patient_n as_o the_o sun_n shine_v on_o the_o water_n receive_v not_o the_o brightness_n which_o the_o water_n send_v we_o back_o because_o it_o be_v out_o of_o the_o extent_n which_o limit_v the_o reflection_n of_o the_o beam_n send_v back_o again_o by_o the_o water_n god_n act_v always_o and_o every_o where_o but_o never_o suffer_v there_o be_v verb_n actives_a in_o grammar_n which_o be_v passive_n in_o philosophy_n as_o to_o love_v to_o hear_v to_o learn_v for_o all_o these_o be_v passion_n and_o be_v do_v by_o receive_v on_o the_o contrary_a he_o which_o be_v love_v or_o hear_v be_v he_o that_o act_v &_o move_v the_o lover_n and_o the_o hearer_n there_o be_v some_o passion_n perfect_v and_o other_o which_o be_v corrupt_v as_o the_o enlighten_v in_o the_o air_n the_o receive_n of_o learning_n in_o the_o understanding_n or_o of_o the_o image_n of_o thing_n in_o the_o sight_n be_v passion_n which_o bring_v some_o perfection_n to_o the_o air_n to_o the_o understanding_n and_o to_o the_o sight_n the_o corrupt_a passion_n be_v such_o as_o will_v destroy_v the_o patient_n if_o they_o do_v continue_v their_o increase_n or_o do_v increase_v above_o measure_n as_o heat_a cool_a wearisomeness_n the_o perfect_a passion_n be_v those_o which_o perfect_a a_o faculty_n or_o natural_a power_n and_o give_v it_o that_o perfection_n for_o the_o which_o god_n do_v create_v it_o the_o ten_o chapter_n of_o where_o where_o be_v not_o the_o place_n itself_o but_o it_o be_v a_o designation_n or_o a_o note_n of_o some_o certain_a place_n for_o place_n be_v a_o quantity_n and_o a_o space_n that_o may_v be_v measure_v but_o the_o where_o can_v be_v measure_v when_o a_o man_n put_v forth_o a_o question_n touch_v the_o place_n the_o demand_n be_v by_o how_o much_o as_o for_o example_n how_o much_o place_n do_v such_o a_o body_n take_v up_o but_o here_o the_o question_n be_v by_o where_o or_o whither_o as_o where_o be_v the_o king_n and_o whither_o go_v you_o concern_v body_n the_o question_n may_v be_v ask_v how_o much_o place_n they_o take_v up_o but_o concern_v angel_n and_o soul_n that_o question_n can_v be_v ask_v but_o only_o this_o where_o they_o be_v this_o be_v it_o which_o the_o philosopher_n mean_v when_o they_o say_v that_o body_n be_v in_o a_o place_n circumscriptive_o and_o soul_n definitive_o because_o soul_n be_v not_o limit_v or_o circumscribe_v by_o place_n and_o yet_o a_o man_n may_v say_v of_o they_o that_o they_o be_v here_o or_o there_o and_o not_o elsewhere_a we_o can_v say_v that_o god_n be_v in_o a_o place_n any_o of_o these_o way_n for_o he_o be_v infinite_a and_o so_o present_a in_o all_o place_n as_o he_o be_v neither_o limit_v nor_o define_v by_o any_o place_n it_o may_v be_v true_o say_v god_n be_v here_o but_o it_o can_v be_v say_v god_n be_v here_o and_o not_o there_o the_o eleven_o chapter_n of_o when._n when_o be_v not_o the_o time_n itself_o but_o it_o be_v a_o designation_n or_o a_o note_n of_o a_o certain_a time_n as_o yesterday_o to_o day_n to_o morrow_n etc._n etc._n when_o we_o speak_v of_o time_n and_o of_o the_o continuance_n of_o it_o the_o question_n be_v by_o how_o long_o as_o how_o long_o live_v noah_n how_o long_o do_v the_o roman_a empire_n continue_v but_o here_o we_o ask_v by_o when_o as_o when_o shall_v we_o have_v the_o equinoxe_n when_o be_v julius_n caesar_n slay_v some_o thing_n be_v do_v in_o time_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v not_o measure_v by_o time_n namely_o such_o as_o be_v do_v in_o a_o moment_n as_o the_o impression_n of_o a_o seal_n the_o enlighten_v of_o a_o chamber_n by_o the_o air_n at_o the_o open_n of_o the_o window_n the_o receive_n of_o the_o image_n of_o thing_n in_o the_o eye_n concern_v these_o thing_n we_o ask_v not_o in_o how_o long_a time_n but_o when_o they_o be_v do_v the_o twelve_o chapter_n of_o situation_n situation_n be_v a_o position_n or_o place_v of_o part_n in_o their_o whole_a whether_o the_o situation_n be_v natural_a as_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o arm_n at_o the_o shoulder_n end_n or_o voluntary_a as_o when_o we_o sit_v or_o kneel_v the_o thirteen_o chapter_n of_o habit._n by_o habit_n we_o do_v not_o understand_v garment_n for_o they_o belong_v to_o substance_n but_o we_o mean_v the_o apply_v of_o garment_n and_o other_o ornament_n about_o the_o body_n as_o to_o be_v clothe_v to_o be_v shod_a to_o have_v a_o cassock_n or_o a_o cloak_n on_o under_o these_o ten_o class_n or_o rank_n of_o thing_n be_v contain_v all_o thing_n in_o the_o world_n and_o all_o simple_a notion_n and_o of_o these_o be_v frame_v enuntiation_n and_o argument_n or_o syllogism_n whereof_o we_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o for_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o world_n out_o of_o which_o a_o man_n may_v not_o draw_v some_o argument_n or_o discourse_n the_o second_o book_n which_o be_v of_o the_o place_n of_o invention_n the_o first_o chapter_n how_o these_o simple_a notion_n be_v of_o use_n for_o a_o argument_n to_o show_v how_o these_o simple_a notion_n enter_v into_o a_o argument_n or_o syllogism_n and_o how_o they_o be_v of_o use_n for_o reason_v &_o discourse_n they_o must_v be_v clothe_v with_o other_o name_n for_o if_o we_o shall_v consider_v they_o not_o otherwise_o then_o as_o they_o be_v handle_v in_o the_o category_n they_o will_v never_o serve_v to_o open_v a_o discourse_n and_o to_o frame_v a_o reason_n for_o as_o it_o
be_v one_o thing_n to_o consider_v leather_n or_o wood_n in_o themselves_o &_o another_o thing_n to_o consider_v they_o as_o they_o be_v a_o fit_a matter_n to_o make_v a_o shoe_n or_o a_o bench_n so_o it_o be_v another_o thing_n to_o consider_v thing_n as_o they_o be_v in_o themselves_o and_o another_o thing_n to_o consider_v they_o as_o they_o be_v mean_n or_o instrument_n of_o reason_v we_o have_v consider_v in_o the_o category_n thing_n as_o they_o be_v in_o themselves_o now_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v they_o as_o they_o may_v serve_v to_o argue_v and_o discourse_v and_o therefore_o when_o a_o man_n will_v search_v out_o the_o truth_n of_o any_o question_n as_o for_o example_n whether_o voluptuousness_n be_v a_o good_a thing_n and_o desire_n to_o gather_v proof_n to_o prove_v or_o to_o impugn_v the_o question_n propound_v all_o that_o can_v be_v bring_v be_v either_o 1._o the_o genus_fw-la of_o that_o which_o we_o desire_v to_o prove_v 2._o or_o the_o species_n 3._o or_o the_o difference_n 4._o or_o the_o proper_a 5._o or_o some_o accident_n 6._o or_o the_o whole_a or_o some_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a 7._o or_o the_o definition_n 8._o or_o the_o division_n 9_o or_o some_o thing_n couple_v unto_o it_o 10._o or_o the_o cause_n or_o effect_n 11._o or_o the_o etymology_n 12._o or_o something_o like_a or_o unlike_a 13._o or_o the_o opposite_a 14._o or_o a_o comparison_n in_o the_o thing_n 15._o or_o a_o comparison_n in_o the_o probability_n 16._o or_o some_o testimony_n of_o all_o which_o head_n we_o be_v now_o to_o treat_v of_o in_o particular_a that_o we_o may_v know_v what_o they_o be_v and_o how_o to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o the_o genus_fw-la the_o genus_fw-la be_v a_o nature_n which_o belong_v unto_o many_o thing_n differ_v in_o species_n as_o this_o word_n animal_n be_v a_o genus_fw-la signify_v a_o nature_n common_a both_o to_o man_n and_o beast_n animal_n be_v the_o genus_fw-la man_n and_o beast_n be_v the_o species_n so_o plant_n be_v the_o genus_fw-la of_o tree_n and_o of_o herb_n and_o virtue_n be_v a_o genus_fw-la who_o species_n be_v justice_n temperance_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v a_o supreme_a and_o most_o general_n genus_fw-la and_o a_o inferior_a and_o subalternal_a genus_fw-la as_o substance_n be_v a_o supreme_a genus_fw-la which_o can_v never_o be_v a_o species_n but_o animal_n be_v a_o inferior_a genus_fw-la for_o though_o it_o be_v a_o genus_fw-la to_o man_n and_o beast_n yet_o it_o be_v a_o species_n to_o body_n as_o also_o body_n be_v a_o species_n to_o substance_n as_o in_o this_o table_n substance_n without_o body_n with_o body_n live_v plant_n animal_n man_n beast_n not_o live_v such_o genuse_n be_v equal_o attribute_v to_o their_o species_n and_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n but_o there_o be_v some_o aequivocall_a genuse_n which_o be_v attribute_v to_o divers_a species_n upon_o divers_a ground_n as_o this_o word_n wolf_n be_v attribute_v to_o a_o terrestrial_a devour_a creature_n and_o to_o a_o fish_n and_o to_o a_o certain_a disease_n a_o genus_fw-la analogical_a be_v that_o which_o be_v attribute_v to_o divers_a speciâ—ses_n though_o not_o altogether_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o same_o cause_n yet_o for_o some_o respect_n or_o similitude_n as_o this_o word_n foot_n be_v attribute_v to_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o live_a creature_n and_o to_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o table_n and_o of_o a_o verse_n and_o of_o a_o mountain_n and_o of_o a_o drink_a glass_n so_o the_o word_n healthful_a be_v attribute_v to_o the_o body_n and_o to_o the_o air_n and_o to_o exercise_v and_o to_o urine_n in_o divers_a sense_n and_o yet_o with_o some_o agreement_n too_o common_o such_o a_o genus_fw-la agree_v primary_o to_o some_o one_o of_o the_o species_n and_o then_o secondary_o to_o the_o rest_n by_o reason_n of_o some_o relation_n which_o it_o have_v with_o they_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o forename_a example_n for_o the_o word_n foot_n first_o and_o proper_o be_v say_v of_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o live_a creature_n and_o afterward_o of_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o mountain_n or_o of_o a_o table_n by_o a_o certain_a resemblance_n or_o proportion_n so_o likewise_o to_o be_v healthful_a be_v say_v first_o of_o the_o body_n and_o then_o of_o exercise_n and_o of_o urine_n because_o they_o be_v help_n or_o mark_n of_o bodily_a health_n the_o table_n of_o genus_fw-la genus_fw-la supreme_a inferior_a vnivocall_a as_o animal_n plant._n aequivocall_a in_o whole_a as_o wolf_n part_v when_o there_o be_v some_o relation_n or_o agreement_n among_o the_o species_n as_o foot_n healthful_a the_o three_o chapter_n of_o the_o species_n species_n be_v a_o nature_n comprehend_v under_o the_o genus_fw-la which_o be_v join_v with_o a_o difference_n make_v a_o species_n so_o man_n be_v a_o reasonable_a creature_n creature_n be_v the_o genus_fw-la of_o man_n and_o the_o word_n reasonable_a be_v the_o difference_n which_o distinguish_v man_n from_o other_o sort_n of_o creature_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o species_n the_o one_o most_o special_a which_o can_v never_o be_v a_o genus_fw-la as_o man_n lion_n elephant_n gold_n for_o such_o speciese_n can_v be_v divide_v into_o other_o speciese_n but_o only_o into_o singular_a substance_n or_o individual_n the_o other_o be_v a_o subalternal_a species_n which_o be_v compare_v with_o a_o inferior_a species_n be_v a_o genus_fw-la as_o the_o word_n animal_n be_v a_o species_n in_o regard_n of_o a_o body_n but_o a_o genus_fw-la in_o regard_n of_o man_n from_o the_o genus_fw-la and_o species_n be_v draw_v argument_n for_o discourse_n and_o such_o argument_n be_v ground_v upon_o these_o maxim_n follow_v 1._o whatsoever_o agree_v with_o the_o genus_fw-la maxim_n maxim_n agree_v also_o with_o the_o species_n for_o whatsoever_o may_v be_v say_v of_o a_o tree_n in_o general_a may_v be_v say_v also_o of_o the_o laurel_n etc._n etc._n except_v that_o which_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o genus_fw-la as_o it_o be_v a_o genus_fw-la as_o to_o be_v more_o general_a than_o the_o speciese_n and_o to_o contain_v they_o 2._o that_o which_o agree_v not_o with_o the_o genus_fw-la agree_v not_o with_o the_o species_n for_o that_o which_o can_v be_v say_v of_o animal_n can_v be_v say_v of_o man_n 3._o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o the_o species_n be_v wheresoever_o the_o genus_fw-la be_v for_o if_o such_o a_o thing_n be_v a_o animal_n it_o follow_v not_o that_o it_o must_v therefore_o be_v a_o man_n 4._o but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n where_o the_o species_n be_v there_o the_o genus_fw-la must_v needs_o be_v also_o for_o whosoever_o be_v a_o man_n be_v also_o a_o animal_n and_o whosoever_o say_v that_o this_o be_v a_o lettuce_n do_v by_o consequent_a affirm_v that_o it_o be_v a_o herb_n the_o four_o chapter_n of_o difference_n difference_n be_v that_o whereby_o one_o thing_n differ_v from_o another_o of_o difference_n some_o be_v great_a than_o other_o for_o there_o be_v thing_n which_o differ_v only_o in_o number_n as_o peter_n and_o john_n there_o be_v other_o which_o differ_v in_o the_o species_n as_o man_n and_o beast_n there_o be_v other_o also_o which_o differ_v in_o the_o genus_fw-la as_o a_o man_n and_o a_o stone_n but_o the_o great_a difference_n be_v when_o two_o thing_n be_v in_o two_o divers_a category_n as_o a_o horse_n and_o whiteness_n there_o be_v also_o essential_a difference_n and_o accidental_a difference_n as_o a_o man_n differ_v from_o a_o horse_n in_o essence_n and_o definition_n but_o a_o french_a man_n differ_v from_o a_o moor_n only_o in_o colour_n and_o complexion_n which_o be_v accident_n and_o not_o thing_n which_o make_v man_n to_o be_v man_n among_o the_o essential_a difference_n the_o principal_a and_o most_o considerable_a be_v that_o which_o be_v call_v superficial_a by_o which_o the_o speciese_n of_o the_o same_o genus_fw-la differ_v essential_o this_o difference_n have_v these_o two_o property_n that_o it_o constitute_v the_o speciese_n and_o divide_v the_o genuse_n thus_o the_o life_n sensitive_a be_v the_o difference_n which_o constitute_v the_o animal_n and_o make_v the_o animal_n to_o be_v animal_n the_o self_n same_o difference_n divide_v the_o genus_fw-la namely_o live_v so_o likewise_o to_o be_v reasonable_a be_v the_o difference_n which_o divide_v animal_n and_o constitute_v man_n and_o the_o same_o perfection_n which_o make_v man_n to_o be_v man_n be_v that_o which_o make_v he_o differ_v from_o other_o animal_n the_o five_o chapter_n of_o proper_a proper_a be_v of_o two_o sort_n for_o there_o be_v some_o property_n most-prope_a and_o other_o lesse-prope_a to_o a_o thing_n the_o property_n most-prope_a be_v such_o as_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o singular_n of_o the_o same_o speciese_n and_o with_o they_o only_o and_o that_o always_o as_o it_o be_v the_o property_n of_o the_o loadstone_n to_o draw_v iron_n and_o it_o
salt_n be_v say_v of_o the_o whole_a sea_n and_o of_o every_o part_n of_o it_o but_o to_o encompass_v the_o earth_n be_v attribute_v only_o to_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o be_v a_o whole_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o attribute_v to_o any_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o table_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o part_n the_o whole_a be_v compose_v of_o part_n formal_a material_a which_o be_v among_o themselves_o alike_o unlike_a integrall_n not_o integrall_a necessary_a for_o be_v well-being_n not_o necessary_a the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o definition_n definition_n be_v a_o speech_n which_o express_v the_o essence_n of_o the_o thing_n the_o perfect_a definition_n of_o a_o substance_n be_v that_o which_o be_v compound_v of_o the_o next_o genus_fw-la and_o the_o specifical_a difference_n as_o the_o definition_n of_o a_o plant_n be_v to_o be_v a_o body_n live_v a_o vegetative_a life_n of_o man_n to_o be_v a_o reasonable_a creature_n there_o be_v but_o few_o such_o definition_n because_o the_o form_n and_o essential_a difference_n of_o substance_n be_v not_o so_o well_o know_v unto_o us._n god_n only_o who_o make_v they_o do_v exact_o know_v they_o the_o perfect_a definition_n of_o a_o accident_n be_v compound_v of_o three_o part_n namely_o of_o the_o next_o genus_fw-la of_o the_o proper_a subject_n and_o of_o the_o next_o efficient_a or_o final_a cause_n as_o for_o example_n death_n be_v a_o accident_n whereof_o the_o genus_fw-la be_v the_o end_n or_o destruction_n of_o life_n the_o subject_n be_v a_o live_a body_n and_o the_o next_o efficient_a cause_n be_v the_o extinguish_n of_o vital_a heat_n this_o therefore_o be_v the_o perfect_a definition_n of_o death_n namely_o that_o it_o be_v the_o destruction_n of_o the_o life_n of_o a_o live_a body_n by_o extinguish_v the_o vital_a heat_n thus_o be_v define_v anger_n grief_n sickness_n thunder_n earthquake_n the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o that_o of_o the_o sun_n civil-warre_n respiration_n and_o divers_a other_o 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that_o use_n for_o which_o they_o be_v ordain_v so_o the_o eye_n be_v the_o instrument_n of_o see_v and_o a_o hammer_n be_v a_o instrument_n to_o knock_v withal_o definition_n serve_v to_o discourse_n and_o to_o argue_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o this_o maxim_n maxim_n maxim_n to_o whatsoever_o thing_n the_o definition_n agree_v unto_o that_o same_o also_o the_o thing_n define_v do_v agree_v and_o reciprocal_o to_o whatsoever_o the_o define_v thing_n agree_v to_o the_o same_o the_o definition_n agree_v also_o the_o table_n of_o definition_n definition_n be_v either_o of_o a_o substance_n which_o be_v compose_v of_o the_o next_o genus_fw-la difference_n accident_n which_o be_v proper_a define_v by_o the_o next_o genus_fw-la proper_a subject_n next_o cause_n efficient_a final_a improper_a or_o casual_a define_v as_o the_o substance_n so_o far_o as_o may_v be_v certain_a example_n of_o the_o definition_n of_o a_o proper_a accident_n thunder_n be_v a_o sound_n in_o the_o cloud_n by_o the_o break_n out_o of_o a_o flame_a exhalation_n death_n be_v the_o destruction_n of_o a_o live_a creature_n by_o extinguish_v the_o vital_a heat_n the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v the_o darken_n of_o the_o moon_n by_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o earth_n anger_n be_v a_o perturbation_n of_o the_o mind_n arise_v from_o the_o opinion_n of_o a_o sustain_v wrong_v civil_a war_n be_v the_o trouble_n of_o a_o estate_n arise_v from_o the_o discord_n of_o the_o party_n baldness_n be_v the_o loss_n of_o the_o hair_n of_o the_o head_n through_o the_o want_n of_o radical_a humour_n respiration_n be_v the_o draw_v in_o of_o air_n into_o the_o lung_n to_o refresh_v the_o heart_n sickness_n be_v a_o indisposition_n of_o the_o body_n cause_v by_o the_o distemperature_n of_o the_o humour_n the_o earthquake_n be_v the_o stir_v or_o move_v of_o a_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o the_o violence_n of_o wind_n therein_o enclose_v blindness_n be_v a_o privation_n of_o light_n in_o the_o eye_n by_o the_o corruption_n of_o the_o instrument_n of_o see_v sorrow_n be_v a_o grief_n in_o the_o irascible_a faculty_n through_o the_o grief_n of_o some_o evil_n the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v the_o darken_n of_o the_o air_n by_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o moon_n the_o nine_o chapter_n of_o division_n there_o be_v divers_a sort_n of_o division_n for_o either_o we_o divide_v the_o genus_fw-la into_o the_o species_n or_o the_o whole_a into_o the_o part_n or_o the_o substance_n into_o divers_a accident_n or_o a_o accident_n into_o divers_a subject_n or_o a_o word_n into_o divers_a signification_n 1._o first_o we_o divide_v a_o genus_fw-la into_o the_o species_n as_o a_o live_a creature_n into_o man_n and_o beast_n action_n into_o natural_a and_o voluntary_a 2._o or_o else_o we_o divide_v the_o whole_a into_o parâ—s_n so_o man_n be_v divide_v into_o soul_n and_o body_n a_o house_n into_o the_o foundation_n wall_n and_o roof_n which_o division_n be_v make_v either_o in_o thought_n or_o in_o deed_n 3._o or_o else_o we_o divide_v the_o subject_a into_o divers_a accident_n as_o when_o we_o divide_v man_n into_o free_a and_o bond_n into_o male_n or_o female_n into_o fool_n or_o wiseman_n 4._o or_o else_o we_o divide_v a_o accident_n into_o other_o accident_n as_o when_o we_o divide_v physician_n into_o rich_a and_o poor_a one_o soldier_n into_o great_a or_o little_a one_o strong_a or_o weak_a 5._o or_o else_o we_o divide_v accident_n into_o divers_a subject_n as_o sickness_n into_o the_o sickness_n of_o the_o body_n and_o sickness_n of_o the_o soul_n so_o we_o may_v divide_v corruption_n into_o the_o corruption_n of_o simple_a body_n or_o into_o the_o corruption_n of_o mix_a or_o compound_v body_n 6._o or_o we_o divide_v a_o aequivocall_a word_n into_o divers_a signification_n as_o the_o word_n link_n which_o signify_v a_o sausage_n a_o torch_n and_o a_o link_n of_o a_o chain_n division_n rule_n for_o division_n 1._o a_o good_a division_n must_v have_v but_o few_o part_n and_o those_o opposite_a if_o it_o may_v be_v as_o animal_n be_v divide_v into_o reasonable_a and_o unreasonable_a number_n into_o even_o and_o odd_a a_o line_n into_o straight_a and_o crock_v but_o that_o be_v not_o always_o possible_a as_o when_o we_o divide_v the_o external_a sense_n into_o five_o and_o france_n into_o seventeen_o governement_n 2._o in_o a_o division_n nothing_o must_v be_v either_o superfluous_a or_o want_v as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v say_v that_o the_o sense_n be_v hear_v see_v smell_a and_o the_o two_o eye_n there_o be_v in_o such_o a_o division_n something_o want_v and_o something_o superfluous_a 3._o the_o part_n of_o a_o division_n must_v not_o overreach_v one_o another_o as_o who_o shall_v say_v that_o all_o clothing_n of_o the_o body_n be_v either_o garment_n or_o habiliment_n or_o gown_n or_o that_o justice_n consist_v in_o three_o thing_n to_o live_v honest_o to_o hurt_v no_o body_n to_o give_v every_o man_n his_o own_o in_o these_o division_n the_o part_n be_v but_o little_a or_o not_o at_o all_o differ_v and_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n the_o same_o thing_n the_o table_n of_o division_n division_n be_v of_o the_o genus_fw-la into_o the_o species_n whole_o into_o the_o part_n subject_a into_o accident_n accident_n into_o divers_a subject_n aequivocall_a word_n into_o divers_a signification_n the_o ten_o chapter_n of_o thing_n couple_v call_v in_o latin_a conjugata_fw-la couple_v be_v consider_v either_o in_o word_n or_o in_o thing_n word_n couple_v or_o conjoin_v be_v such_o as_o come_v from_o the_o same_o beginning_n and_o differ_v in_o termination_n as_o just_a justice_n just_o white_a whiting_a to_o white_a whiteness_n the_o link_n and_o affinity_n of_o which_o word_n be_v ground_v upon_o some_o affinity_n which_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n signify_v by_o these_o word_n but_o there_o be_v certain_a thing_n couple_v in_o
be_v a_o syllogism_n wherein_o divers_a singular_n or_o particular_n be_v as_o a_o mean_a to_o prove_v a_o universal_a conclusion_n as_o when_o i_o will_v prove_v that_o all_o live_a creature_n have_v feel_v because_o bird_n fish_n serpent_n terrestrial_a beast_n and_o amphibia_fw-la have_v feeling_n or_o thus_o the_o stag_n the_o do_v the_o hare_n the_o coney_n the_o mouse_n have_v a_o great_a heart_n in_o proportion_n to_o their_o body_n now_o the_o fearful_a creature_n be_v the_o stag_n the_o do_v etc._n etc._n therefore_o all_o fearful_a creature_n have_v a_o great_a heart_n in_o proportion_n to_o their_o body_n by_o this_o kind_n of_o discourse_n all_o science_n have_v be_v invent_v for_o example_n physician_n have_v by_o the_o trial_n of_o many_o plant_n of_o mercury_n or_o of_o parietarie_n observe_v that_o they_o be_v laxative_a have_v thence_o gather_v a_o general_a rule_n that_o all_o plant_n of_o mercury_n or_o parietarie_n be_v laxative_a thus_o have_v man_n attain_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o eclipse_n of_o apoplexy_n and_o of_o flood_n great_a than_o ordinary_a about_o the_o aequinox_n by_o sundry_a particular_a observation_n a_o example_n be_v a_o imperfect_a induction_n example_n of_o example_n for_o in_o stead_n of_o many_o particular_n we_o use_v but_o one_o in_o natural_a cause_n example_n be_v more_o forcible_a then_o in_o civil_a and_o voluntary_a action_n because_o natural_a event_n be_v much_o more_o alike_o than_o civil_a and_o voluntary_a action_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o many_o change_n and_o chance_n as_o if_o i_o shall_v say_v yesterday_o in_o the_o evening_n the_o sky_n be_v red_a the_o day_n follow_v prove_v fair_a this_o example_n have_v some_o likelihood_n to_o prove_v that_o see_v the_o sky_n be_v red_a this_o evening_n to_o morrow_n it_o will_v prove_v a_o fair_a day_n but_o if_o i_o say_v philip_n dig_v his_o garden_n find_v a_o pot_n of_o gold_n it_o follow_v not_o that_o alexander_n dig_v shall_v have_v the_o same_o hap_n orator_n notwithstanding_o do_v much_o enlarge_v themselves_o upon_o such_o example_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o mischief_n which_o have_v happen_v to_o any_o one_o through_o drunkenness_n or_o lie_v or_o anger_n they_o use_v to_o exhort_v other_o to_o shun_v the_o same_o vice_n the_o ten_o chapter_n of_o the_o enumeration_n of_o part_n the_o enumeration_n of_o part_n be_v also_o a_o kind_n of_o syllogism_n serve_v to_o conclude_v both_o affirmative_o and_o negative_o when_o we_o will_v conclude_v affirmative_o we_o make_v a_o rehearsal_n of_o all_o the_o part_n that_o so_o have_v remoove_v all_o the_o part_n but_o one_o that_o one_o which_o remain_v may_v be_v conclude_v or_o affirm_v as_o what_o good_n soever_o a_o man_n have_v he_o have_v they_o either_o by_o inheritance_n or_o by_o purchase_n or_o by_o exchange_n or_o by_o gift_n or_o by_o labour_n or_o by_o play_n or_o because_o he_o have_v find_v they_o or_o steal_v they_o but_o the_o good_n which_o you_o have_v you_o have_v they_o neither_o by_o inheritance_n nor_o by_o purchase_n nor_o by_o exchange_n nor_o by_o gift_n nor_o by_o labour_n nor_o by_o play_n nor_o because_o you_o have_v find_v they_o therefore_o you_o have_v steal_v they_o but_o when_o we_o will_v conclude_v negative_o we_o remove_v all_o the_o part_n as_o all_o frenchman_n be_v either_o norman_n or_o picard_n or_o champenois_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o lorrain_n be_v neither_o norman_n nor_o picard_n nor_o champenois_n etc._n etc._n therefore_o they_o be_v no_o frenchman_n you_o must_v ever_o take_v heed_n that_o the_o enumeration_n be_v not_o imperfect_a as_o when_o we_o say_v that_o all_o mankind_n be_v either_o male_a or_o female_a or_o that_o every_o action_n be_v either_o good_a or_o bad_a for_o there_o be_v hermaphrodite_n and_o there_o be_v some_o action_n that_o be_v indifferent_a so_o if_o i_o shall_v say_v that_o every_o quality_n be_v either_o a_o natural_a faculty_n or_o a_o habit_n or_o a_o active_a quality_n in_o the_o object_n of_o the_o sense_n this_o enumeration_n will_v prove_v imperfect_a for_o beside_o these_o there_o be_v form_n and_o figure_n the_o eleven_o chapter_n of_o a_o dilemma_n a_o dilemma_n be_v a_o fork_a or_o horn_a argument_n wherein_o we_o give_v our_o adversary_n his_o choice_n of_o two_o thing_n to_o show_v he_o that_o whether_o of_o the_o two_o soever_o he_o choose_v he_o be_v still_o overcome_v in_o both_o as_o to_o prove_v that_o a_o man_n shall_v never_o marry_v we_o may_v argue_v thus_o if_o thou_o marry_v thy_o wife_n will_v be_v either_o fair_a or_o deform_a if_o fair_a thou_o will_v prove_v jealous_a if_o deform_v thou_o will_v not_o like_v she_o therefore_o it_o be_v better_a not_o to_o marry_v or_o be_v not_o a_o lawyer_n for_o if_o thou_o plead_v for_o injustice_n thou_o shall_v displease_v god_n if_o thou_o plead_v for_o justice_n thou_o shall_v displease_v man_n our_o saviour_n christ_n make_v a_o dilemma_n when_o he_o be_v buffet_v say_v if_o i_o have_v ill_o speak_v show_n wherein_o but_o if_o well_o why_o smite_v thou_o i_o thus_o a_o man_n may_v reason_v against_o one_o that_o have_v dream_v that_o we_o must_v not_o believe_v dream_n or_o that_o have_v swear_v that_o he_o will_v forswear_v himself_o if_o thou_o forswear_v thyself_o thou_o be_v a_o perjure_a person_n if_o thou_o do_v not_o forswear_v thyself_o yet_o be_v thou_o still_o a_o perjure_a person_n because_o thou_o have_v swear_v that_o thou_o will_v forswear_v thyself_o carneades_n give_v twenty_o crown_n to_o his_o master_n diogenes_n to_o teach_v he_o logic_n one_o day_n dispute_v with_o his_o master_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n that_o he_o have_v teach_v he_o his_o master_n tell_v he_o that_o he_o dispute_v not_o well_o whereupon_o his_o scholar_n make_v he_o this_o dilemma_n i_o dispute_v either_o well_o or_o ill_o if_o i_o dispute_v well_o why_o blame_v thou_o i_o if_o i_o dispute_v ill_a give_v i_o back_o my_o twenty_o crown_n such_o be_v the_o disputation_n between_o protagoras_n and_o his_o scholar_n evathlus_n 10._o gellius_n l._n 5._o c._n 10._o which_o example_n be_v well_o know_v and_o the_o recital_n will_v be_v too_o too_o long_o you_o may_v see_v it_o in_o a._n gellius_n lib._n 5._o cap._n 10._o the_o twelve_o chapter_n of_o a_o sorite_n or_o heap_v syllogism_n a_o sorites_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o argumeâ—â—_n which_o knit_v many_o proposition_n together_o to_o show_v that_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o first_o agree_v with_o the_o attribute_n of_o the_o last_o as_o whatsoever_o act_v move_v whatsoever_o move_v be_v mutable_a whatsoever_o be_v mutable_a be_v corruptible_a whatsoever_o be_v corruptible_a be_v not_o god_n therefore_o it_o be_v infer_v if_o god_n act_v he_o be_v not_o god_n so_o many_o proposition_n so_o many_o syllogism_n which_o have_v god_n for_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o conclusion_n the_o thirteen_o chapter_n of_o conditional_a or_o hypotheticall_a syllogism_n we_o have_v say_v that_o enuntiation_n be_v either_o simple_a or_o compound_n and_o that_o of_o compound_a enuntiation_n some_o be_v conditional_a or_o hypotheticall_a and_o some_o disjunctive_a hitherto_o we_o have_v treat_v of_o syllogism_n consist_v of_o simple_a proposition_n now_o we_o be_v to_o speak_v of_o conditional_a and_o disjunctive_a syllogism_n who_o proposition_n be_v conditional_a or_o disjunctive_a a_o conditional_a syllogism_n be_v who_o proposition_n have_v a_o if._n as_o if_o there_o be_v a_o god_n he_o must_v be_v serve_v but_o there_o be_v a_o god_n therefore_o he_o must_v be_v serve_v the_o proposition_n have_v two_o part_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v call_v the_o antecedent_n if_o there_o be_v a_o god_n the_o second_o be_v call_v the_o consequent_a he_o must_v be_v serve_v there_o be_v two_o rule_n for_o these_o syllogism_n maxim_n i._o maxim_n the_o first_o be_v that_o if_o the_o antecedent_n be_v grant_v the_o consequent_a be_v also_o grant_v as_o if_o paul_n be_v a_o man_n he_o be_v a_o live_a creature_n but_o he_o be_v a_o man_n therefore_o he_o be_v a_o live_a creature_n but_o you_o can_v by_o over-throwing_a the_o antecedent_n overthrow_v the_o consequent_a as_o if_o a_o fly_v be_v a_o bird_n it_o be_v a_o live_a creature_n but_o a_o fly_n be_v no_o bird_n therefore_o it_o be_v no_o live_a creature_n maxim_n ii_o maxim_n the_o second_o maxim_n be_v that_o if_o the_o consequent_a be_v overthrow_v the_o antecedent_n be_v overthrow_v also_o as_o if_o a_o statue_n be_v a_o man_n it_o be_v a_o live_a creature_n but_o a_o statue_n be_v no_o live_a creature_n therefore_o it_o be_v no_o man_n if_o the_o antecedent_n be_v the_o species_n and_o the_o consequent_a be_v the_o difference_n or_o property_n than_o you_o may_v overthrow_v the_o antecedent_n to_o overthrow_v the_o consequent_a as_o if_o a_o statue_n be_v a_o horse_n it_o neigh_v but_o it_o be_v no_o horse_n
therefore_o it_o neigh_v not_o but_o such_o conclusion_n follow_v by_o chance_n and_o not_o by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o syllogism_n in_o these_o syllogism_n the_o assumption_n be_v part_n of_o the_o proposition_n which_o proposition_n make_v a_o entire_a syllogism_n and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o this_o word_n assumption_n be_v borrow_v from_o these_o syllogism_n because_o that_o in_o they_o the_o second_o proposition_n be_v take_v and_o assume_v out_o of_o the_o first_o the_o fourteen_o chapter_n of_o disiunctive_a syllogism_n disjunctive_a syllogism_n be_v such_o who_o proposition_n be_v compound_v of_o two_o disjunctive_a part_n or_o piece_n or_o which_o be_v separate_v by_o this_o particle_n or_o as_o it_o be_v day_n or_o night_n this_o number_n be_v even_o or_o odd_a as_o thus_o this_o man_n be_v dead_a or_o alive_a but_o he_o be_v dead_a therefore_o he_o be_v not_o alive_a or_o else_o thus_o but_o he_o be_v alive_a therefore_o he_o be_v not_o dead_a or_o thus_o but_o he_o be_v not_o alive_a therefore_o he_o be_v dead_a for_o those_o proposition_n be_v compound_v of_o such_o part_n the_o one_o whereof_o can_v be_v grant_v without_o overthrow_v the_o other_o nor_o can_v you_o overthrow_v the_o one_o without_o establish_v or_o grant_v the_o other_o and_o for_o this_o cause_n these_o two_o part_n must_v be_v immediate_o opposite_a so_o as_o there_o may_v be_v no_o three_o for_o example_n this_o argument_n be_v not_o good_a there_o be_v peace_n or_o war_n but_o there_o be_v no_o war_n therefore_o there_o be_v peace_n for_o there_o may_v be_v a_o truce_n in_o these_o syllogism_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o truth_n may_v be_v evident_a and_o without_o exception_n the_o two_o part_n of_o the_o proposition_n must_v not_o be_v contradictory_n but_o must_v be_v either_o contrary_n or_o privative_n or_o relative_n for_o example_n if_o i_o argue_v thus_o this_o line_n be_v straight_o or_o crooked_a but_o it_o be_v straight_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o crooked_a this_o argument_n be_v clear_a and_o certain_a but_o if_o i_o argue_v thus_o philip_n be_v wise_a or_o unwise_a but_o he_o be_v unwise_a from_o thence_o we_o can_v draw_v no_o conclusion_n that_o may_v have_v any_o likelihood_n of_o reason_n ¶_o the_o five_o book_n of_o the_o masterpiece_n of_o logic_n call_v demonsration_n the_o first_o chapter_n what_o science_n be_v this_o word_n science_n be_v sometime_o take_v for_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o one_o kind_n of_o learning_n thus_o ethic_n physics_n metaphysic_n civil_a law_n be_v call_v science_n sometime_o the_o word_n science_n signify_v only_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o conclusion_n prove_v by_o demonstration_n and_o this_o be_v it_o whereof_o we_o purpose_v to_o treat_v of_o in_o this_o place_n which_o be_v thus_o define_v science_n be_v a_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o a_o thing_n certain_a who_o proof_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o cause_n to_o have_v the_o science_n of_o a_o thing_n two_o certainty_n be_v require_v the_o one_o be_v that_o the_o thing_n be_v certain_a of_o itself_o and_o unchangeable_a the_o second_o be_v that_o the_o persuasion_n which_o we_o have_v of_o it_o be_v firm_a and_o clear_a if_o either_o of_o these_o two_o certainty_n be_v want_v it_o be_v no_o science_n but_o opinion_n for_o a_o man_n may_v have_v a_o doubtful_a opinion_n of_o a_o thing_n certain_a as_o he_o that_o doubt_v whether_o there_o be_v a_o god_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a a_o man_n may_v have_v a_o firm_a and_o steadfast_a persuasion_n of_o that_o which_o be_v uncertain_a and_o false_a as_o those_o that_o suffer_v death_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o a_o false_a religion_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o know_v the_o difference_n between_o science_n faith_n and_o opinion_n science_n be_v a_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o a_o certain_a thing_n by_o the_o next_o cause_n opinion_n be_v a_o doubtful_a or_o false_a knowledge_n faith_n be_v a_o firm_a persuasion_n ground_v upon_o the_o testimony_n of_o some_o other_o if_o a_o man_n know_v certain_o a_o thing_n because_o he_o see_v it_o or_o touch_v it_o that_o be_v neither_o call_v science_n nor_o faith_n nor_o opinion_n but_o sense_n which_o know_v only_a thing_n singular_a but_o science_n be_v of_o thing_n universal_a the_o second_o chapter_n what_o a_o demonstration_n or_o demonstrative_a syllogism_n be_v a_o demonstrative_a syllogism_n be_v that_o which_o give_v or_o bring_v certain_a knowledge_n of_o the_o conclusion_n if_o we_o will_v define_v it_o more_o exact_o we_o must_v define_v it_o thus_o a_o demonstrative_a syllogism_n be_v that_o which_o proove_v that_o the_o attribute_n of_o the_o conclusion_n be_v true_o attribute_v unto_o the_o subject_n by_o a_o mean_a that_o must_v be_v the_o next_o efficient_a or_o final_a cause_n of_o the_o attribute_n of_o the_o say_a conclusion_n these_o two_o sort_n of_o cause_n be_v call_v external_a in_o the_o chapter_n of_o cause_n above_o mention_v because_o they_o be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o effect_n nor_o of_o the_o thing_n compound_v though_o sometime_o the_o efficient_a cause_n be_v in_o the_o very_a same_o subject_n as_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o sense_n in_o man_n and_o the_o thickness_n of_o gold_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o it_o in_o these_o example_n the_o efficient_a cause_n and_o the_o effect_n be_v in_o the_o same_o subject_n the_o three_o chapter_n what_o question_n be_v demonstrable_a such_o question_n wherein_o the_o attribute_n be_v a_o substance_n can_v be_v prove_v by_o demonstration_n because_o substance_n have_v no_o certain_a efficient_a cause_n proper_a unto_o they_o for_o the_o will_n of_o god_n be_v a_o universal_a cause_n common_a to_o all_o thing_n and_o by_o consequent_a it_o can_v be_v no_o mean_a in_o a_o demonstrative_a syllogism_n again_o such_o question_n or_o conclusion_n wherein_o the_o attribute_n be_v a_o mutable_a or_o casual_a accident_n can_v be_v prove_v by_o demonstration_n because_o these_o accident_n have_v no_o certain_a and_o assure_a cause_n as_o philip_n be_v rich_a bucephalus_n halt_v but_o those_o question_n be_v demonstrable_a who_o attribute_n be_v a_o proper_a and_o immutable_a accident_n whereof_o the_o next_o efficient_a or_o final_a cause_n may_v be_v give_v for_o example_n these_o question_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o demonstration_n a_o transparent_a body_n be_v without_o colour_n eunuch_n be_v never_o bald_a fix_a star_n do_v twinkle_n the_o moon_n suffer_v obscurity_n of_o all_o estate_n oligarchie_n be_v the_o most_o subject_a to_o civil_a war_n line_n parallel_v never_o meet_v all_o body_n compound_v of_o element_n be_v corruptible_a under_o the_o scorch_a zone_n it_o be_v very_o hot_a for_o the_o next_o efficient_a or_o final_a cause_n of_o the_o attribute_n of_o these_o question_n may_v be_v give_v the_o four_o chapter_n what_o the_o proposition_n of_o a_o demonstrative_a syllogism_n ought_v to_o be_v the_o demonstration_n must_v consist_v of_o necessary_a proposition_n among_o which_o those_o be_v the_o most_o necessary_a which_o be_v call_v immediate_a there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o immediate_a proposition_n that_o be_v to_o say_v such_o as_o be_v without_o any_o middle_n for_o some_o be_v immediate_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o subject_n and_o other_o be_v immediate_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o cause_n immediate_a proposition_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o subject_n be_v when_o the_o attribute_n agree_v next_o of_o all_o and_o immediate_o to_o the_o subject_n so_o as_o a_o near_a subject_n can_v be_v give_v in_o such_o proposition_n the_o attribute_n agree_v with_o the_o subject_n because_o it_o be_v such_o a_o subject_n for_o example_n if_o i_o say_v that_o a_o horse_n have_v sense_n this_o attribute_n agree_v not_o next_o and_o immediate_o to_o a_o horse_n for_o there_o be_v a_o near_a subject_n namely_o a_o animal_n unto_o the_o which_o sense_n belong_v but_o if_o i_o say_v that_o a_o horse_n neigh_v this_o agree_v next_o and_o immediate_o to_o a_o horse_n as_o he_o be_v a_o horse_n and_o not_o by_o reason_n of_o any_o other_o near_a subject_n immediate_a proposition_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v when_o a_o attribute_n be_v so_o near_o join_v to_o the_o subject_n as_o that_o the_o cause_n or_o reason_n can_v be_v yield_v why_o it_o shall_v be_v so_o for_o example_n here_o be_v a_o demonstration_n whatsoever_o have_v a_o sensitive_a soul_n have_v touch_v every_o animal_n have_v a_o sensitive_a soul_n therefore_o every_o animal_n have_v touch_v in_o this_o syllogism_n the_o conclusion_n be_v immediate_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o subject_n but_o not_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o cause_n for_o in_o this_o syllogism_n the_o mean_a be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o conclusion_n but_o the_o two_o proposition_n be_v immediate_a both_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o cause_n as_o also_o of_o the_o subject_n for_o nothing_o can_v be_v allege_v as_o a_o cause_n of_o
their_o truth_n sometime_o the_o efficient_a and_o final_a cause_n be_v link_v together_o with_o a_o long_a chain_n as_o under_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o air_n be_v very_o hot_a because_o it_o be_v very_o subtle_a the_o air_n be_v very_o subtle_a because_o the_o sun_n do_v rarefie_v it_o very_o much_o the_o sun_n rarefy_v the_o air_n because_o the_o beam_n fall_v in_o right_a angle_n the_o beam_n fall_v in_o right_a angle_n because_o the_o sun_n be_v there_o in_o the_o zenith_n thus_o it_o be_v in_o the_o final_a cause_n the_o lung_n draw_v in_o the_o air_n to_o refresh_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o heart_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v refresh_v to_o keep_v the_o temperature_n the_o temperature_n be_v keep_v to_o preserve_v life_n so_o many_o cause_n so_o many_o demonstration_n but_o the_o last_o where_o also_o the_o chief_a and_o last_o cause_n stand_v for_o the_o mean_a be_v the_o noble_a of_o all_o because_o it_o can_v no_o further_o be_v demonstrate_v and_o the_o two_o proposition_n be_v immediate_a every_o manner_n of_o way_n the_o five_o chapter_n a_o special_a note_n to_o know_v a_o perfect_a demonstration_n of_o all_o the_o mark_n of_o a_o perfect_a demonstration_n this_o be_v the_o most_o evident_a when_o it_o may_v be_v converâ—ed_v or_o reduce_v to_o a_o definition_n for_o we_o have_v say_v heretofore_o that_o the_o definition_n of_o a_o proper_a accident_n be_v compound_v of_o three_o part_n namely_o 8._o l._n 2._o c._n 8._o of_o the_o genus_fw-la of_o that_o which_o be_v define_v and_o of_o the_o proper_a subject_n and_o of_o the_o cause_n thereof_o as_o the_o definition_n of_o death_n be_v the_o destruction_n of_o the_o life_n of_o the_o creature_n by_o the_o extinguish_n of_o vital_a heat_n out_o of_o this_o definition_n a_o demonstration_n may_v be_v frame_v make_v the_o subject_a of_o this_o accident_n to_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o the_o conclusion_n the_o genus_fw-la to_o be_v the_o attribute_n and_o the_o cause_n the_o mean_a as_o thus_o whensoever_o the_o vital_a heat_n be_v extinguish_v life_n be_v destroy_v but_o in_o a_o live_a creature_n the_o vital_a heat_n be_v extinguish_v therefore_o in_o a_o live_a creature_n life_n be_v destroy_v the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o these_o definition_n follow_v sleep_n be_v the_o heaviness_n of_o a_o live_a creature_n by_o the_o cessation_n of_o the_o common_a sense_n thunder_n be_v a_o noise_n in_o the_o cloud_n by_o the_o break_n out_o of_o the_o fire_n the_o six_o chapter_n of_o a_o imperfect_a demonstration_n we_o have_v show_v that_o a_o perfect_a demonstration_n be_v that_o which_o prove_v by_o the_o next_o efficient_a or_o final_a cause_n of_o the_o attribute_n that_o the_o attribute_n of_o the_o conclusion_n agree_v with_o the_o subject_n if_o any_o of_o these_o perfection_n be_v want_v the_o demonstration_n be_v the_o weak_a and_o less_o perfect_a if_o the_o mean_a be_v not_o the_o next_o cause_n of_o the_o attribute_n but_o only_o a_o remote_a cause_n then_o be_v the_o demonstration_n weak_a and_o more_o imperfect_a and_o such_o demonstration_n for_o the_o most_o part_n conclude_v negative_o for_o example_n where_o there_o be_v no_o opposition_n of_o contrary_a quality_n there_o be_v no_o death_n but_o in_o the_o heaven_n there_o be_v no_o opposition_n of_o contrary_a quality_n therefore_o in_o heaven_n there_o be_v no_o death_n or_o he_o that_o be_v of_o a_o cold_a temperature_n will_v never_o be_v bald_a but_o eunuch_n be_v of_o a_o cold_a temperature_n therefore_o eunuch_n will_v never_o be_v bald_a in_o these_o demonstration_n the_o proposition_n be_v not_o immediate_a for_o the_o mean_a be_v not_o the_o next_o cause_n of_o the_o attribute_n to_o have_v no_o contrary_a quality_n be_v not_o the_o next_o cause_n of_o not_o die_v but_o a_o remote_a cause_n for_o the_o next_o cause_n of_o not_o die_v in_o man_n body_n be_v the_o continual_a preservation_n of_o the_o humour_n in_o a_o equal_a temperature_n and_o the_o cause_n hereof_o be_v to_o have_v no_o contrariety_n or_o combat_n between_o the_o elementary_a quality_n in_o the_o body_n thus_o the_o cause_n why_o eunuch_n become_v not_o bald_a be_v become_v the_o radical_a humour_n of_o the_o hair_n be_v not_o spend_v and_o the_o remote_a cause_n be_v because_o they_o have_v but_o little_a heat_n in_o these_o demonstration_n the_o proposition_n be_v not_o immediate_a for_o the_o mean_a be_v not_o the_o next_o cause_n of_o the_o attribute_n and_o though_o the_o proposition_n be_v immediate_a yet_o if_o the_o mean_a be_v not_o the_o cause_n but_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o attribute_n than_o it_o shall_v be_v a_o less_o perfect_a demonstration_n prove_v not_o the_o effect_n by_o the_o cause_n but_o the_o cause_n by_o the_o effect_n this_o kind_n of_o demonstration_n show_v not_o why_o the_o conclusion_n be_v but_o only_o that_o it_o be_v as_o all_z that_o love_n god_n be_v belove_v of_o god_n but_o all_o that_o have_v faith_n in_o christ_n love_n god_n therefore_o all_o that_o have_v faith_n in_o christ_n be_v belove_v of_o god_n the_o mean_a be_v to_o love_n god_n which_o be_v not_o the_o cause_n but_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o love_n which_o god_n bear_v unto_o we_o which_o love_n be_v the_o attribute_n of_o the_o conclusion_n in_o this_o demonstration_n wherein_o the_o cause_n be_v prove_v by_o the_o effect_n whereas_o in_o a_o perfect_a demonstration_n we_o prove_v effect_n by_o their_o cause_n therefore_o this_o imperfect_a demonstration_n prove_v only_o that_o the_o thing_n be_v but_o show_v not_o why_o it_o be_v the_o effect_n may_v very_o well_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o know_v but_o not_o of_o be_v as_o the_o smoke_n which_o we_o see_v come_v out_o of_o a_o chimney_n may_v be_v a_o cause_n to_o make_v we_o know_v that_o there_o be_v fire_n in_o the_o house_n but_o it_o be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o fire_n but_o only_o the_o effect_n and_o the_o unequal_a beat_n of_o the_o pulse_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o ague_n but_o it_o be_v a_o cause_n which_o make_v we_o know_v that_o such_o a_o one_o have_v a_o ague_n ¶_o the_o sixth_o book_n of_o sophism_n or_o fallacy_n the_o first_o chapter_n of_o fallacy_n in_o word_n all_o fallacy_n or_o sophism_n commit_v in_o dispute_v be_v either_o in_o the_o word_n or_o in_o the_o matter_n fallacy_n in_o word_n be_v of_o six_o kind_n 1._o aequivocation_n 2._o amphibologie_n 3._o deceit_n by_o composition_n 4._o deceit_n by_o division_n 5._o deceit_n in_o the_o accent_n or_o pronunciation_n 6._o and_o deceit_n in_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o word_n 1._o of_o aequivocation_n decipt_n by_o aequivocation_n be_v when_o the_o mean_a be_v a_o doubtful_a word_n take_v in_o the_o proposition_n one_o way_n and_o in_o the_o assumption_n another_o way_n as_o that_o which_o have_v neither_o beginning_n nor_o end_v god_n create_v not_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o heaven_n have_v neither_o beginning_n nor_o end_n therefore_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o heaven_n god_n create_v not_o in_o the_o proposition_n beginning_n and_o end_v be_v take_v for_o continuance_n of_o time_n but_o in_o the_o assumption_n it_o be_v take_v for_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_v of_o a_o figure_n or_o thus_o he_o that_o say_v that_o thou_o live_v say_v true_a he_o that_o say_v that_o thou_o be_v a_o goose_n say_v that_o thou_o live_v therefore_o he_o that_o say_v that_o thou_o be_v a_o goose_n say_v true_a in_o the_o proposition_n it_o be_v mean_v of_o a_o express_a say_n but_o in_o the_o assumption_n of_o a_o say_n by_o consequence_n thus_o a_o man_n of_o great_a capacity_n may_v be_v take_v for_o a_o learned_a man_n and_o sometime_o for_o one_o who_o stomach_n be_v able_a to_o contain_v much_o wine_n the_o same_o fallacy_n may_v be_v commit_v also_o when_o a_o word_n be_v otherwise_o take_v in_o the_o proposition_n then_o in_o the_o conclusion_n 2._o of_o amphibologie_n amphibologie_n be_v a_o ambiguous_a construction_n make_v the_o sense_n doubtful_a as_o faith_n alone_o justifi_v it_o can_v be_v know_v whether_o the_o meaning_n be_v that_o faith_n be_v alone_o justifi_v or_o else_o that_o faith_n justifi_v only_o in_o the_o first_o sense_n it_o be_v false_a for_o faith_n alone_o without_o good_a work_n be_v no_o true_a faith_n and_o by_o consequent_a justifi_v not_o but_o in_o the_o second_o sense_n it_o be_v true_a that_o faith_n only_o justifi_v because_o it_o only_o have_v the_o property_n to_o justify_v so_o it_o be_v true_a in_o one_o sense_n that_o the_o eye_n alone_o see_v but_o it_o be_v false_a in_o another_o sense_n that_o the_o eye_n see_v alone_o for_o a_o eye_n that_o be_v out_o of_o the_o head_n see_v not_o 3._o the_o fallacy_n in_o composition_n the_o fallacy_n in_o composition_n be_v when_o thing_n be_v take_v as_o conjoin_v which_o can_v be_v true_a but_o in_o
a_o divide_a sense_n as_o in_o this_o proposition_n a_o man_n that_o be_v set_v may_v run_v which_o be_v true_a if_o it_o be_v mean_v at_o divers_a time_n but_o if_o it_o be_v mean_v at_o the_o same_o time_n it_o be_v false_a and_o impossible_a for_o a_o man_n that_o be_v set_v can_v run_v while_o he_o be_v sit_v so_o that_o man_n be_v male_a and_o female_a be_v true_a of_o divers_a person_n but_o false_a if_o it_o be_v mean_v of_o the_o same_o person_n 4._o of_o the_o fallacy_n by_o division_n this_o fallacy_n of_o division_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o former_a for_o this_o separate_v thing_n which_o can_v be_v true_a except_o they_o be_v join_v together_o thus_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o two_o and_o three_o make_v five_o yet_o it_o follow_v not_o that_o two_o or_o three_o be_v five_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v say_v this_o wall_n be_v white_a therefore_o this_o wall_n be_v this_o consequence_n be_v good_a because_o to_o be_v white_a be_v a_o accident_n which_o can_v not_o be_v if_o the_o subject_n be_v not_o but_o if_o one_o shall_v say_v philip_n be_v dead_a therefore_o philip_n be_v the_o consequence_n be_v not_o good_a because_o that_o to_o be_v dead_a be_v not_o a_o accident_n but_o a_o privation_n which_o presuppose_v that_o the_o subject_n namely_o philip_n be_v but_o now_o be_v no_o more_o whosoever_o therefore_o argue_v thus_o divide_v that_o which_o can_v be_v true_a except_o it_o be_v join_v this_o division_n may_v happen_v sometime_o in_o one_o word_n only_o as_o ingeniosus_n be_v take_v for_o one_o word_n be_v a_o commendation_n but_o divide_v into_o two_o as_o ingenio_fw-la sus_fw-la it_o be_v a_o reproach_n 5._o of_o the_o fallacy_n in_o the_o accent_n or_o pronunciation_n the_o fallacy_n in_o the_o accent_n be_v when_o a_o false_a thing_n be_v affirm_v under_o colour_n of_o pronounce_v it_o as_o another_o thing_n that_o be_v true_a for_o example_n where_o no_o ache_n be_v there_o need_v no_o salve_n in_o the_o gout_n there_o be_v no_o h._n therefore_o in_o the_o gout_n there_o need_v no_o salve_n again_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v say_v i_o be_o hot_a be_v you_o as_o hot_a or_o i_o be_o cold_a be_v you_o as_o cold_a a_o man_n can_v distinguish_v in_o fast_o speak_v of_o it_o whether_o he_o say_v a_o sot_n in_o stead_n of_o as_o hot_a or_o a_o scold_n in_o stead_n of_o as_o cold_a but_o be_v write_v a_o man_n shall_v easy_o perceive_v this_o fallacy_n this_o fallacy_n be_v also_o commit_v when_o that_o which_o be_v speak_v positive_o be_v take_v as_o if_o it_o be_v speak_v by_o interrogation_n as_o if_o a_o man_n command_v say_v to_o another_o rest_v you_o and_o he_o take_v it_o interrogative_o shall_v answer_v no._n 6._o of_o the_o fallacy_n in_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o word_n the_o fallacy_n in_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o word_n be_v when_o from_o the_o gender_n or_o number_n of_o the_o word_n or_o because_o the_o verb_n be_v active_a or_o passive_a a_o man_n will_v infer_v that_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n be_v such_o for_o example_n if_o a_o man_n shall_v argue_v that_o prudence_n temperance_n or_o justice_n be_v only_o proper_a and_o peculiar_a unto_o woman_n because_o they_o be_v of_o the_o feminine_a gender_n which_o no_o way_n follow_v so_o likewise_o because_o to_o hear_v and_o to_o see_v be_v not_o passive_n it_o follow_v not_o that_o therefore_o hear_v and_o see_v be_v no_o passive_n and_o although_o i_o say_v that_o i_o have_v receive_v letter_n from_o my_o brother_n it_o follow_v not_o that_o i_o have_v receive_v more_o than_o one_o though_o the_o word_n be_v plural_a the_o second_o chapter_n of_o fallacy_n in_o the_o matter_n there_o be_v seven_o fallacy_n in_o the_o matter_n that_o be_v to_o say_v when_o the_o deceit_n lie_v not_o in_o the_o word_n but_o in_o the_o ignorance_n or_o disguise_n of_o the_o thing_n these_o fallacy_n be_v 1._o the_o fallacy_n by_o accident_n 2._o the_o fallacy_n which_o take_v a_o thing_n as_o speak_v simple_o or_o absolute_o which_o be_v true_a only_a in_o some_o respect_n 3._o the_o suppose_v of_o that_o which_o be_v in_o question_n 4._o the_o fallacy_n of_o inconsequence_n 5._o the_o fallacy_n whereby_o a_o thing_n be_v take_v for_o a_o cause_n which_o be_v not_o a_o cause_n 6._o the_o fallacy_n which_o mingle_v divers_a question_n as_o if_o they_o be_v but_o one_o 7._o the_o ignorance_n of_o that_o which_o contradict_v the_o question_n the_o three_o chapter_n the_o fallacy_n by_o accident_n the_o fallacy_n by_o accident_n be_v when_o from_o a_o assumption_n which_o be_v true_a only_a by_o accident_n a_o conclusion_n be_v draw_v which_o be_v absolute_a simple_a and_o without_o restraint_n as_o in_o this_o argument_n that_o which_o stir_v up_o trouble_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n be_v pernicious_a the_o gospel_n stir_v up_o trouble_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n therefore_o the_o gospel_n be_v pernicious_a thus_o the_o sun_n darken_v the_o eyesight_n and_o the_o law_n of_o god_n harden_v the_o sinner_n whence_o if_o a_o man_n will_v infer_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o darkness_n or_o that_o the_o law_n be_v the_o câ—use_n of_o sin_n he_o shall_v fall_v into_o the_o fallacy_n of_o the_o accident_n for_o the_o gospel_n of_o it_o own_o nature_n stir_v up_o no_o trouble_n see_v it_o preach_v peace_n but_o man_n take_v occasion_n thereby_o to_o rise_v up_o against_o it_o neither_o do_v the_o sun_n blind_v the_o eye_n by_o nature_n but_o by_o accident_n when_o it_o meet_v with_o a_o weak_a eyesight_n the_o four_o chapter_n the_o fallacy_n which_o take_v a_o thing_n as_o simple_o true_a which_o be_v not_o so_o but_o only_o in_o some_o respect_n this_o fallacy_n be_v commit_v when_o one_o of_o the_o proposition_n be_v true_a only_o in_o part_n or_o in_o some_o respect_n we_o labour_v to_o draw_v from_o thence_o a_o conclusion_n to_o make_v it_o true_a at_o all_o time_n in_o all_o respect_n and_o in_o every_o part_n as_o every_o good_a thing_n be_v to_o be_v desire_v wealth_n be_v a_o good_a thing_n therefore_o wealth_n be_v to_o be_v desire_v the_o assumption_n be_v true_a in_o some_o respect_n only_o and_o to_o some_o man_n for_o riches_n be_v not_o good_a but_o to_o good_a man_n and_o to_o such_o as_o can_v use_v they_o well_o and_o so_o in_o this_o syllogism_n he_o that_o be_v bear_v of_o a_o woman_n have_v a_o beginning_n our_o saviour_n christ_n be_v bear_v of_o a_o woman_n therefore_o our_o saviour_n christ_n have_v a_o beginning_n the_o five_o chapter_n of_o the_o suppose_v of_o that_o which_o be_v in_o question_n we_o suppose_v that_o which_o be_v in_o question_n when_o we_o make_v a_o syllogism_n wherein_o one_o of_o the_o proposition_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n which_o be_v in_o question_n though_o it_o be_v couch_v in_o other_o term_n as_o if_o i_o will_v prove_v thaâ—_n the_o world_n be_v not_o create_v because_o god_n make_v it_o not_o or_o if_o i_o will_v prove_v that_o man_n be_v just_a because_o they_o be_v without_o sin_n that_o be_v to_o prove_v a_o thing_n by_o itself_o the_o sixth_o chapter_n of_o the_o fallacy_n of_o inconsequence_n the_o fallacy_n of_o inconsequence_n be_v when_o we_o break_v the_o rule_n which_o be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o conversion_n of_o enuntiation_n and_o in_o the_o chapter_n of_o hypotheticall_a syllogism_n for_o â—â—ample_n we_o say_v in_o the_o four_o chaptâ—â—_n of_o the_o three_o book_n that_o a_o universal_a affirmative_a enuntiation_n can_v be_v convert_v into_o any_o other_o proposition_n but_o into_o a_o particular_a affirmative_a or_o into_o a_o universal_a have_v two_o negative_n as_o all_o man_n be_v live_v creature_n be_v thus_o convert_v some_o live_a creature_n be_v a_o man_n or_o into_o this_o whatsoever_o be_v not_o a_o live_a creature_n be_v not_o man_n again_o we_o say_v that_o in_o hypotheticall_a syllogism_n we_o may_v proceed_v from_o the_o establish_n of_o the_o antecedent_n to_o the_o establish_n of_o the_o consequent_a and_o that_o we_o may_v proceed_v from_o the_o over-throwing_a of_o the_o consequent_a to_o the_o over-throwing_a of_o the_o antecedent_n now_o if_o any_o will_v dispute_v contrary_a to_o these_o rule_n say_v all_o man_n be_v live_v creature_n therefore_o all_o live_a creature_n be_v man_n or_o all_o man_n be_v live_v creature_n therefore_o all_o that_o be_v not_o man_n be_v not_o a_o live_a creature_n he_o shall_v fall_v into_o the_o fallacy_n of_o a_o bad_a consequence_n the_o same_o fallacy_n be_v commit_v if_o you_o argue_v thus_o if_o bucephalus_n be_v a_o man_n he_o be_v a_o live_a creature_n but_o he_o be_v a_o live_a creature_n therefore_o he_o be_v a_o man_n or_o thus_o if_o bucephalus_n be_v a_o man_n he_o be_v a_o live_a creature_n but_o he_o be_v not_o