but_o must_v be_v make_v so_o by_o proof_n yet_o since_o all_o deduction_n or_o proof_n be_v make_v by_o connexion_n of_o notion_n and_o those_o notion_n or_o what_o correspond_v to_o they_o must_v be_v connect_v in_o the_o thing_n ere_o they_o can_v be_v so_o in_o our_o understanding_n and_o property_n be_v more_o near_o ally_v to_o the_o essence_n than_o other_o accident_n as_o result_v necessary_o from_o it_o or_o be_v immediate_o connect_v with_o it_o hence_o they_o be_v by_o consequence_n most_o easy_o provable_a to_o belong_v true_o to_o the_o thing_n and_o therefore_o very_o fit_a to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o demonstration_n 14._o of_o this_o sort_n be_v all_o proposition_n who_o predicate_v be_v proper_a cause_n and_o effect_n and_o more_o immediate_o the_o power_n or_o virtue_n by_o which_o they_o act_n on_o other_o or_o suffer_v from_o other_o as_o will_v be_v see_v when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o demonstration_n 15._o proposition_n who_o predicate_v belong_v to_o the_o last_o predicable_a be_v utter_o inevident_a and_o as_o such_o not_o easy_o evidenceable_a for_o since_o as_o be_v show_v 13._o above_o such_o predicate_v do_v belong_v to_o the_o subject_a but_o by_o chance_n or_o as_o their_o very_a name_n import_v by_o accident_n and_o chance_n signify_v a_o cause_n which_o we_o do_v not_o see_v or_o know_v it_o follow_v that_o the_o connexion_n of_o such_o predicate_v with_o the_o subject_n can_v never_o be_v know_v by_o reason_n or_o prove_v that_o they_o must_v belong_v to_o it_o because_o we_o can_v never_o know_v alâ—_n the_o cause_n that_o concur_v to_o make_v they_o belong_v to_o it_o wherefore_o such_o proposition_n be_v utter_o inevident_a nor_o as_o they_o be_v accident_n or_o unconnect_v with_o the_o essence_n easy_o evidenceable_a by_o way_n of_o reason_n that_o they_o must_v belong_v to_o they_o however_o they_o may_v be_v know_v to_o belong_v actual_o to_o they_o hic_fw-mi &_o nunc_fw-la by_o sense_n or_o experience_n such_o predicate_v be_v most_o those_o of_o the_o six_o last_o predicament_n and_o many_o quantity_n quality_n and_o relation_n 16._o notwithstanding_o those_o proposition_n which_o have_v such_o accidental_a predicate_v be_v all_o the_o cause_n by_o which_o they_o hap_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o subject_a perfect_o know_v may_v be_v perfect_o evident_a and_o demonstrable_a for_o as_o we_o can_v demonstrate_v one_o effect_n that_o need_v but_o one_o cause_n to_o put_v it_o from_o that_o single_a cause_n so_o do_v we_o know_v all_o the_o cause_n that_o concur_v to_o any_o effect_n which_o be_v bring_v about_o by_o many_o cause_n we_o can_v certain_o conclude_v and_o know_v such_o a_o effect_n will_v follow_v in_o which_o case_n the_o predicate_a will_v be_v no_o long_o a_o accident_n but_o the_o proper_a effect_n of_o that_o complex_fw-la of_o cause_n nor_o will_v the_o proposition_n itself_o be_v any_o long_a mere_o accidental_a corol._n vi_o hence_o there_o be_v nothing_o contingent_a or_o accidental_a to_o god_n but_o all_o event_n though_o never_o so_o minute_n or_o so_o odd_a be_v equal_o certain_a to_o he_o as_o the_o most_o immediate_a effect_n of_o the_o most_o proper_a and_o most_o necessary_a cause_n because_o he_o lay_v and_o comprehend_v the_o whole_a series_n of_o cause_n that_o concur_v to_o bring_v about_o every_o least_o effect_n lesson_n iv._o of_o the_o generate_a of_o knowledge_n in_o we_o and_o of_o the_o method_n how_o this_o be_v perform_v hitherto_o of_o knowledge_n or_o judgement_n according_a to_o their_o dependence_n on_o one_o another_o and_o their_o be_v resolve_v artificial_o into_o first_o principle_n our_o next_o task_n be_v to_o consider_v they_o according_a to_o the_o order_n they_o be_v instill_a into_o we_o natural_o 1._o the_o soul_n or_o the_o understanding_n be_v at_o first_o void_a of_o all_o kind_n of_o knowledge_n or_o rasa_fw-la tabula_fw-la for_o since_o the_o author_n of_o nature_n do_v nothing_o in_o vain_a nor_o act_n needless_o he_o put_v no_o effect_n immediate_o or_o without_o second_o cause_n when_o there_o be_v cause_n lay_v by_o he_o to_o produce_v they_o and_o since_o we_o experience_v that_o cause_n be_v lay_v by_o he_o apt_a to_o imprint_v notion_n in_o we_o and_o that_o the_o nature_n of_o our_o soul_n be_v evident_o comparative_a we_o can_v compare_v those_o notion_n and_o can_v see_v how_o they_o agree_v or_o disagree_v which_o be_v to_o know_v hence_o in_o case_n the_o soul_n have_v any_o notion_n or_o knowledge_n infuse_v into_o she_o otherwise_o than_o by_o those_o cause_n it_o will_v frustrate_v and_o make_v void_a that_o course_n of_o natural_a agent_n which_o be_v apt_a to_o beget_v knowledge_n in_o we_o and_o make_v nature_n contradict_v herself_o again_o since_o we_o experience_n that_o we_o know_v no_o more_o than_o we_o have_v notion_n of_o and_o that_o we_o can_v compare_v those_o notion_n and_o can_v know_v all_o thing_n we_o have_v notion_n of_o and_o do_v thus_o right_o compare_v and_o that_o both_o those_o effect_n do_v follow_v natural_o from_o the_o impression_n of_o object_n and_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soul_n it_o fall_v into_o the_o same_o absurdity_n to_o affirm_v that_o those_o cause_n do_v only_o excite_v and_o not_o beget_v knowledge_n in_o we_o last_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n suppose_v the_o soul_n to_o be_v a_o ens_fw-la before_o the_o body_n or_o at_o least_o distinct_a from_o it_o and_o then_o it_o be_v both_o unconceivable_a and_o inexplicable_a how_o they_o can_v ever_o come_v to_o be_v unite_v so_o as_o to_o compound_v one_o ens._n for_o this_o can_v be_v do_v quantitative_o as_o be_v evident_a nor_o by_o their_o act_v together_o as_o the_o cartesian_o hold_v both_o because_o all_o action_n presuppose_v the_o be_v of_o a_o thing_n whence_o they_o must_v be_v one_o ens_fw-la before_o they_o can_v act_n as_o one_o ens_fw-la as_o also_o because_o the_o line_n or_o predicament_n of_o action_n be_v 18._o distinct_a from_o that_o of_o ens_fw-la and_o extrinsical_a to_o it_o and_o so_o can_v 1._o intrinsical_o constitute_v those_o joynt-acter_n one_o ens_fw-la or_o thing_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v conceive_v that_o the_o body_n if_o it_o be_v not_o one_o ens_fw-la with_o the_o soul_n can_v act_v with_o it_o otherwise_o than_o as_o its_o instrument_n and_o it_o will_v be_v most_o absurd_a to_o say_v that_o my_o hand_n and_o pen_n be_v oâ—e_a thing_n because_o they_o joint_o concur_v in_o their_o different_a way_n to_o the_o action_n of_o write_v wherefore_o the_o soul_n have_v no_o antecedent_n knowledge_n but_o be_v a_o rasa_fw-la tabula_fw-la capable_a to_o receive_v such_o impression_n as_o beget_v knowledge_n in_o she_o 2._o the_o first_o judgement_n in_o order_n of_o nature_n the_o soul_n have_v be_v that_o its_o self_n or_o the_o man_n exist_v for_o since_o as_o 16._o be_v show_v the_o first_o notion_n the_o soul_n have_v be_v of_o the_o man_n himself_o and_o of_o his_o existence_n and_o 10._o all_o judgement_n be_v make_v by_o compound_v or_o compare_v of_o notion_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o most_o obvious_a most_o easy_a most_o natural_a and_o consequent_o the_o first_o judgement_n in_o priority_n of_o nature_n that_o a_o man_n have_v when_o he_o be_v ripe_a to_o judge_v be_v that_o himself_o be_v or_o i_o be_o 3._o the_o next_o judgement_n be_v that_o he_o be_v strike_v or_o affect_v by_o some_o object_n without_o he_o for_o since_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n be_v motion_n and_o therefore_o object_n be_v continual_o move_v where_o the_o man_n be_v and_o so_o do_v light_n and_o act_n on_o his_o sense_n that_o be_v do_v work_v experimental_a knowledge_n in_o he_o that_o he_o be_v act_v upon_o or_o strike_v by_o they_o it_o follow_v that_o he_o must_v after_o he_o come_v to_o frame_v judgement_n necessary_o and_o frequent_o know_v and_o consequent_o judge_v he_o be_v strike_v nor_o can_v this_o be_v the_o first_o judgement_n both_o for_o the_o reason_n late_o give_v sect._n 2._o as_o also_o because_o in_o this_o proposition_n i_o be_o strike_v the_o proposition_n i_o be_o be_v most_o simple_a and_o manifest_o antecede_v i_o be_o strike_v the_o notion_n of_o strike_v be_v clear_o superad_v to_o it_o 4._o the_o next_o knowledge_n or_o next_o judgement_n to_o the_o former_a in_o order_n of_o nature_n be_v i_o be_o strike_v thus_o or_o affect_v after_o such_o a_o manner_n for_o the_o notion_n of_o i_o be_o strike_v be_v more_o simple_a and_o so_o antecede_v i_o be_o strike_v thus_o which_o superadd_n to_o it_o whence_o this_o proposition_n be_v prove_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o be_v bring_v for_o the_o three_o section_n 5._o these_o judgement_n have_v we_o be_v furnish_v by_o nature_n with_o mean_n of_o know_v in_o some_o measure_n the_o distinct_a nature_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o affect_v we_o for_o since_o we_o get_v all_o our_o notion_n
it_o be_v evident_a that_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n import_v no_o more_o in_o their_o notion_n but_o the_o alter_v the_o subject_a according_a to_o some_o quality_n whereas_o division_n import_v direct_o the_o take_v away_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o consequent_o its_o entity_n again_o mere_a rarefaction_n do_v not_o change_v the_o substance_n but_o the_o degree_n of_o it_o when_o it_o come_v to_o great_a height_n and_o every_o body_n admit_v rarefaction_n a_o long_a time_n without_o lose_v its_o former_a essence_n whereas_o division_n consist_v in_o a_o indivisible_a so_o that_o the_o divisum_fw-la esse_fw-la be_v esse_fw-la aliud_fw-la or_o esse_fw-la duo_fw-la ex_fw-la uno_fw-la whereas_o the_o rarefactum_fw-la esse_fw-la may_v be_v without_o any_o such_o effect_n follow_v it_o 5._o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n be_v the_o next_o action_n in_o dignity_n for_o since_o as_o be_v prove_v above_o rarity_n and_o density_n be_v the_o first_o intrinsical_v difference_n of_o quantity_n as_o it_o affect_v body_n in_o order_n to_o natural_a action_n and_o passion_n it_o follow_v that_o those_o natural_a action_n that_o cause_n rarity_n or_o density_n be_v the_o next_o in_o dignity_n to_o division_n which_o work_v more_o upon_o divisibility_n their_o genus_fw-la 6._o these_o three_o sort_n of_o action_n take_v up_o the_o whole_a head_n of_o natural_a action_n for_o since_o the_o genus_fw-la and_o its_o two_o difference_n must_v needs_o comprehend_v all_o under_o any_o common_a head_n as_o be_v adequate_a to_o it_o and_o division_n answer_v to_o divisibility_n the_o genus_fw-la and_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n to_o the_o intrinsical_a difference_n of_o more_o or_o less_o thus_o divisible_a it_o follow_v that_o these_o three_o sort_n of_o action_n do_v take_v up_o all_o that_o head_n so_o that_o there_o can_v be_v any_o kind_n of_o natural_a action_n which_o be_v not_o reducible_a to_o some_o of_o these_o or_o not_o comprehend_v under_o they_o beside_o all_o the_o first_o and_o second_o passable_a quality_n which_o general_o be_v the_o immediate_a object_n of_o natural_a action_n be_v comprehend_v in_o or_o spring_v out_o of_o rarity_n and_o density_n as_o will_v be_v see_v in_o physics_n 7._o the_o formal_a virtue_n of_o act_v or_o work_v any_o effect_n which_o we_o call_v its_o causality_n be_v the_o agent_n be_v be_v what_o it_o be_v or_o its_o very_a existence_n apply_v by_o motion_n to_o the_o patient_n and_o communicate_v to_o it_o or_o as_o it_o be_v imprint_v on_o it_o for_o since_o no_o particular_a agent_n in_o nature_n can_v do_v every_o thing_n whatever_o the_o reason_n why_o such_o particular_a cause_n work_v such_o particular_a effect_n must_v spring_v hence_o that_o the_o effect_n have_v something_o in_o its_o nature_n that_o be_v like_o the_o cause_n come_v from_o it_o and_o be_v communicate_v to_o the_o patient_n or_o partake_v by_o it_o whence_o come_v those_o vulgar_a axiom_n operari_fw-la sequitur_fw-la esse_fw-la every_o thing_n act_v as_o it_o be_v a_o effect_n be_v a_o participation_n of_o the_o immediate_a caâ—se_n etc._n etc._n thus_o the_o cause_n or_o reason_n why_o water_n moisten_v be_v because_o it_o be_v moist_a in_o itself_o and_o impart_v that_o quality_n to_o another_o thing_n the_o reason_n why_o a_o seal_n make_v such_o a_o impression_n be_v because_o itself_o be_v of_o such_o a_o stamp_n the_o reason_n why_o god_n create_v or_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o be_v be_v because_o be_v be_v essential_a to_o he_o corol._n ii_o hence_o motion_n be_v only_o requisite_a to_o apply_v the_o virtue_n or_o existence_n of_o the_o agent_n to_o the_o matter_n or_o patient_n but_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o effect_n spring_v from_o the_o cause_n being_n what_o it_o be_v whence_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o effect_v from_o the_o same_o cause_n be_v more_o or_o less_o perfect_a according_a as_o the_o existence_n of_o a_o cause_n which_o be_v of_o such_o a_o nature_n or_o essence_n or_o more_o or_o few_o part_n of_o it_o be_v apply_v better_a or_o worse_o to_o the_o patient_n or_o to_o more_o or_o few_o part_n of_o it_o by_o a_o feeble_a or_o smart_a motion_n 8._o it_o follow_v from_o this_o discourse_n that_o there_o must_v be_v four_o sort_n of_o cause_n necessary_o belong_v to_o every_o effect_n in_o nature_n viz._n there_o must_v be_v a_o actor_n which_o we_o call_v the_o efficient_a cause_n a_o subject_a for_o the_o actor_n to_o work_v upon_o call_v the_o material_a cause_n the_o effect_v wrought_v in_o that_o matter_n or_o receive_v in_o it_o which_o make_v it_o otherwise_o than_o it_o be_v before_o and_o therefore_o have_v the_o notion_n of_o some_o form_n new_o accrue_v to_o it_o which_o constitute_v the_o formal_a cause_n and_o since_o corporeal_a action_n be_v motion_n and_o no_o body_n can_v move_v itself_o and_o therefore_o all_o motion_n in_o nature_n must_v be_v cause_v either_o mediate_o or_o immediate_o by_o something_o that_o be_v not_o a_o body_n that_o be_v by_o a_o spiritual_a or_o intelligent_a be_v and_o such_o agent_n do_v design_n or_o act_v for_o a_o end_n therefore_o there_o must_v also_o be_v a_o final_a cause_n to_o make_v those_o agent_n to_o move_v body_n and_o make_v they_o act_v as_o they_o do_v in_o every_o particular_a action_n though_o never_o so_o minute_n which_o ground_n our_o notion_n of_o providence_n adequate_o govern_v the_o world_n even_o as_o to_o the_o least_o circumstance_n of_o it_o wherefore_o there_o be_v to_o every_o action_n in_o nature_n four_o cause_n necessary_o requisite_a which_o will_v afford_v reflecter_n ample_a occasion_n for_o speculation_n and_o contemplation_n for_o example_n when_o i_o write_v a_o letter_n the_o efficient_a cause_n be_v myself_o the_o material_a cause_n paper_n which_o receive_v the_o effect_n of_o my_o write_n the_o formal_a cause_n the_o character_n receive_v in_o the_o paper_n the_o final_a cause_n to_o gratify_v my_o friend_n treat_v of_o business_n or_o acquaint_v he_o with_o news_n 9_o there_o be_v no_o five_o cause_n call_v a_o idea_n as_o plato_n affirm_v for_o either_o that_o idea_n be_v conceive_v as_o introduce_v in_o the_o matter_n and_o receive_v there_o and_o then_o it_o be_v clear_o a_o formal_a cause_n or_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o artificer_n and_o than_o it_o concur_v to_o make_v he_o a_o efficient_a cause_n for_o without_o such_o a_o idea_n he_o can_v not_o produce_v such_o a_o artificial_a effect_n 10._o operation_n have_v not_o the_o same_o notion_n with_o action_n but_o be_v indifferent_a to_o action_n and_o passion_n or_o rather_o a_o kind_n of_o neutral_a notion_n make_v up_o of_o both_o for_o example_n notion_n or_o simple_a apprehension_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o first_o operation_n of_o our_o understanding_n though_o the_o soul_n in_o have_v they_o be_v pure_o passive_a so_o also_o my_o act_n of_o discourse_v willing_a etc._n etc._n be_v call_v operation_n though_o they_o be_v both_o perform_v by_o my_o soul_n and_o receive_v in_o it_o whence_o they_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o neutral_a notion_n such_o as_o have_v curro_fw-la ardeo_fw-la and_o suchlike_a take_v such_o word_n not_o in_o a_o grammatical_a but_o in_o a_o philosophical_a and_o natural_a sense_n of_o which_o kind_n be_v all_o immanent_a action_n or_o act_n and_o therefore_o these_o be_v not_o so_o proper_o call_v action_n as_o operation_n in_o order_n to_o what_o they_o have_v of_o effective_a in_o they_o or_o else_o act_n because_o they_o actuate_v or_o inform_v the_o subject_a in_o which_o they_o be_v as_o well_o receive_v as_o they_o be_v produce_v by_o it_o whence_o action_n in_o the_o proper_a and_o obvious_a sense_n signify_v the_o efficience_n of_o a_o natural_a cause_n which_o have_v a_o transitive_a notion_n and_o infer_v passion_n and_o consequent_o some_o effect_n in_o the_o extrinsical_a subject_a it_o light_v on_o note_v that_o since_o action_n infer_v passion_n and_o refer_v to_o it_o hence_o whatever_o be_v discourse_v here_o of_o action_n may_v by_o turn_v the_o table_n as_o it_o be_v or_o consider_v motion_n in_o order_n to_o its_o other_o term_n be_v understand_v likewise_o of_o passion_n for_o which_o reason_n we_o treat_v of_o both_o those_o head_n in_o the_o same_o discourse_n lesson_n ix_o of_o the_o common_a head_n of_o ubi_fw-la or_o where_o 1._o ubi_fw-la or_o where_o signify_v in_o what_o place_n the_o notion_n of_o place_n must_v first_o be_v right_o understand_v ere_o we_o can_v have_v a_o right_a notion_n of_o the_o common_a head_n call_v ubi_fw-la and_o the_o word_n place_n be_v no_o artificial_a term_n but_o a_o natural_a one_o and_o use_v by_o all_o mankind_n we_o be_v to_o learn_v the_o true_a and_o proper_a meaning_n of_o it_o from_o the_o user_n of_o it_o that_o be_v we_o must_v take_v the_o notion_n of_o place_n not_o from_o man_n of_o art_n or_o speculater_n but_o from_o the_o vulgar_a
fill_v by_o know_v many_o truth_n but_o be_v enlarge_v and_o enable_v to_o know_v still_o more_o and_o be_v clear_a of_o the_o body_n she_o be_v not_o distract_v by_o object_n work_v upon_o the_o sense_n and_o the_o fancy_n but_o intimate_o and_o necessary_o present_a to_o herself_o and_o consequent_o to_o what_o be_v in_o herself_o and_o so_o be_v addict_v apply_v and_o natural_o necessitate_v to_o know_v the_o nature_n of_o her_o body_n and_o consequent_o of_o herself_o as_o be_v the_o form_n of_o that_o body_n and_o fit_v for_o it_o and_o by_o herself_o to_o know_v all_o the_o truth_n connect_v with_o the_o knowledge_n of_o herself_o that_o be_v as_o be_v show_v all_o nature_n and_o this_o not_o successive_o one_o truth_n after_o another_o as_o she_o do_v when_o she_o be_v in_o the_o body_n and_o need_v the_o fancy_n and_o so_o accommodate_v her_o manner_n of_o work_v to_o its_o slow_a pace_n but_z be_v now_o a_o pure_a spirit_n and_o indivisible_a and_o so_o not_o commensurable_a to_o time_n or_o to_o before_o and_o after_o which_o be_v the_o difference_n of_o time_n she_o be_v to_o know_v all_o she_o can_v know_v in_o the_o first_o instant_n she_o be_v a_o pure_a spirit_n that_o be_v at_o the_o instant_a of_o her_o separation_n these_o thing_n be_v evident_o so_o it_o follow_v that_o every_o soul_n separate_v from_o the_o body_n that_o know_v any_o one_o natural_a truth_n know_v all_o nature_n and_o this_o all_o at_o once_o in_o the_o first_o instant_n of_o her_o separation_n but_o of_o this_o more_o hereafter_o corol._n i._n hence_o we_o may_v frame_v some_o imperfect_a conception_n how_o our_o science_n differ_v from_o that_o of_o angel_n and_o how_o angel_n must_v know_v thing_n intuitive_o for_o since_o they_o have_v no_o sense_n they_o can_v have_v no_o abstract_a notion_n by_o different_a impression_n from_o the_o object_n on_o the_o sense_n nor_o consequent_o can_v they_o compound_v any_o two_o notion_n to_o frame_v a_o proposition_n much_o less_o can_v they_o discourse_v or_o compare_v two_o notion_n to_o a_o three_o and_o so_o deduce_v thence_o new_a knowledge_n call_v conclusion_n it_o be_v leave_v therefore_o that_o they_o must_v a_o tone_n view_v comprehend_v entire_o the_o metaphysical_a verity_n of_o the_o whole_a thing_n and_o all_o that_o be_v in_o it_o which_o we_o express_v by_o a_o identical_a proposition_n whence_o this_o knowledge_n or_o intuition_n of_o they_o abate_v the_o composition_n find_v in_o a_o identical_a proposition_n which_o too_o be_v the_o least_o that_o be_v imaginable_a be_v the_o near_a akin_a to_o that_o which_o we_o have_v of_o these_o identical_o by_o which_o we_o see_v that_o the_o supremum_fw-la infimi_fw-la in_o respect_n of_o a_o angel_n and_o man_n manner_n of_o knowledge_n be_v as_o the_o order_n of_o entity_n require_v contiguous_a as_o it_o be_v to_o that_o which_o be_v superior_a to_o it_o corol._n ii_o hence_o also_o be_v see_v how_o a_o separate_a soul_n know_v all_o thing_n after_o a_o different_a manner_n than_o angel_n do_v for_o though_o the_o substance_n of_o a_o separate_a soul_n operation_n be_v intuitive_a as_o be_v the_o angel_n yet_o because_o her_o natural_a genius_n lead_v and_o force_v she_o here_o to_o discourse_n and_o gather_v one_o truth_n by_o another_o that_o be_v to_o see_v one_o truth_n in_o another_o hence_o she_o retain_v a_o modification_n or_o a_o kind_n of_o tang_n of_o the_o discoursiveness_n she_o have_v here_o though_o she_o can_v in_o that_o state_n exercise_v it_o and_o that_o though_o she_o can_v then_o actual_o deduce_v new_a truth_n yet_o she_o see_v all_o truth_n as_o deducible_a from_o one_o another_o or_o follow_v one_o another_o by_o consequence_n we_o may_v frame_v some_o imperfect_a conception_n how_o this_o pass_v by_o this_o course_n similitude_n when_o we_o look_v upon_o a_o picture_n call_v a_o prospective_n all_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v equal_o near_o our_o eye_n in_o themselves_o and_o we_o see_v they_o too_o all_o at_o once_o yet_o they_o appear_v to_o we_o as_o if_o one_o of_o they_o be_v far_o of_o than_o another_o even_o to_o a_o vast_a distance_n observe_v still_o a_o perfect_a order_n and_o decorum_n in_o their_o great_a propinquity_n or_o remoteness_n according_a as_o those_o part_n be_v more_o or_o less_o shadow_a or_o luminous_a so_o the_o soul_n know_v all_o at_o once_o whatever_o be_v knowable_a by_o she_o and_o they_o be_v equal_o near_o the_o eye_n of_o her_o understanding_n yet_o because_o of_o she_o acquire_v they_o here_o by_o way_n of_o discourse_n that_o be_v by_o proceed_v from_o more-clear_a to_o less_o clear_a truth_n she_o see_v they_o as_o follow_v one_o another_o or_o as_o it_o be_v beyond_o one_o another_o because_o they_o be_v not_o to_o she_o in_o this_o state_n so_o clear_a as_o the_o other_o in_o themselves_o but_o depend_v on_o the_o other_o for_o their_o evidence_n lesson_n v._o of_o other_o medium_n for_o demonstration_n take_v from_o the_o four_o cause_n 1._o there_o must_v necessary_o be_v 8._o four_o cause_n concur_v to_o every_o effect_n in_o nature_n for_o since_o nothing_o can_v do_v nothing_o it_o follow_v that_o nothing_o can_v be_v do_v unless_o there_o be_v something_o that_o do_v or_o act_n that_o be_v unless_o there_o be_v a_o efficient_a cause_n which_o efficient_a must_v act_v upon_o something_o or_o some_o patient_n which_o be_v the_o matter_n on_o which_o it_o work_v or_o the_o material_a cause_n and_o it_o must_v work_v something_o in_o that_o matter_n which_o be_v receive_v in_o it_o must_v be_v some_o form_n either_o substantial_a or_o accidental_a which_o must_v consequent_o concur_v to_o that_o action_n formal_o or_o be_v the_o formal_a cause_n of_o it_o and_o since_o the_o orderer_n of_o all_o nature_n or_o the_o first_o cause_n be_v a_o intelligent_a be_v and_o not_o blind_a chance_n for_o whà t_n blind_a can_v order_n nothing_o and_o this_o first_o cause_n be_v the_o adequate_a governor_n of_o the_o world_n and_o be_v a_o intelligent_a be_v act_n see_o or_o with_o design_n that_o be_v with_o prospect_n of_o some_o end_n in_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v do_v how_o great_a or_o minute_n soever_o and_o eâ—ery_o intelligent_a creature_n that_o administer_v the_o world_n in_o their_o several_a station_n under_o he_o whâ—â—her_v they_o be_v angel_n or_o man_n do_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n act_n designing_o too_o that_o be_v do_v propose_v to_o themselves_o some_o end_n good_a reason_n or_o motive_n for_o which_o they_o act_n and_o without_o â—hich_v it_o be_v against_o their_o nature_n to_o act_n and_o since_o metaphysic_n do_v clear_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o immediate_a action_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n be_v only_o to_o give_v be_v and_o *_o the_n oeconomy_n of_o the_o world_n be_v administer_v immediate_o by_o other_o intelligent_a being_n under_o he_o hence_o there_o must_v be_v a_o final_a cause_n too_o for_o every_o effect_n that_o be_v do_v in_o the_o world_n how_o small_a and_o inconsiderable_a soever_o it_o may_v seem_v wherefore_o there_o must_v necessary_o be_v four_o cause_n concur_v to_o euâ—ry_o effect_n in_o nature_n viz._n the_o efficient_a maâ—â—rial_a formal_a and_o final_a for_o example_n in_o my_o action_n of_o write_v a_o letter_n the_o efficient_a cause_n be_v myself_o the_o material_a cause_n be_v the_o paper_n the_o formal_a the_o character_n draw_v in_o the_o paper_n and_o the_o final_a to_o gratify_v my_o friend_n acquaint_v he_o with_o news_n etc._n etc._n 2._o hence_o we_o can_v demonstrate_v the_o a_o est_fw-fr of_o those_o four_o cause_n in_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o corporeal_a nature_n how_o remote_a soever_o it_o be_v from_o we_o and_o that_o they_o must_v concur_v to_o every_o effect_n though_o we_o do_v not_o know_v the_o quid_fw-la est_fw-la of_o they_o the_o first_o part_n of_o our_o thesis_n be_v prove_v for_o since_o the_o a_o est_fw-fr of_o all_o those_o cause_n or_o that_o there_o must_v be_v such_o four_o cause_n necessary_o concur_v to_o every_o effect_n follow_v out_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o action_n from_o the_o subject_n be_v quantitative_a and_o consequent_o variable_a substantial_o or_o accidental_o and_o from_o the_o supreme_a agent_n be_v be_v intelligent_a and_o these_o be_v equal_o find_v in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o universe_n how_o remote_a soever_o they_o be_v or_o in_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o body_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o same_o cause_n do_v concur_v to_o every_o effect_n all_o over_o the_o world_n as_o they_o do_v in_o those_o body_n near_o we_o and_o with_o who_o operation_n we_o be_v acquaint_v the_o second_o part_n be_v evident_a since_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o a_o est_fw-fr or_o that_o there_o be_v something_o may_v it_o be_v know_v by_o experience_n though_o we_o know_v not_o what_o that_o thing_n be_v as_o we_o experience_v when_o we_o hit_v
as_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o agent_n and_o patient_n there_o need_v no_o more_o to_o begin_v the_o effect_n actual_o but_o application_n 2._o if_o agent_n and_o patient_n be_v perfect_o fit_v as_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o agent_n and_o patient_n and_o the_o effect_v be_v indivisible_a there_o need_v no_o more_o to_o begin_v and_o end_v that_o be_v to_o complete_a the_o effect_n at_o once_o but_o application_n 3._o a_o indivisible_a effect_n can_v be_v perform_v by_o piecemeal_o or_o by_o part_n 4._o every_o thing_n operate_v as_o it_o be_v 5._o no_o change_n can_v be_v make_v without_o the_o operation_n of_o some_o cause_n 6._o a_o pure_a spirit_n be_v not_o quantitative_a a_o body_n be_v proposition_n i._n no_o corporeal_a operation_n be_v without_o local_a motion_n for_o since_o ax._n 4._o every_o thing_n operate_v as_o it_o be_v what_o be_v quantitative_a operate_v quantitative_o but_o nothing_o can_v operate_v quantitative_o or_o exercise_v it_o be_v quantity_n when_o it_o perfect_o rest_v according_a to_o its_o quantity_n that_o be_v move_v not_o according_a to_o its_o quantity_n it_o follow_v then_o that_o to_o operate_v quantitative_o be_v to_o move_v according_a to_o quantity_n wherefore_o since_o nothing_o can_v move_v according_a to_o its_o quantity_n but_o either_o intrinsical_o by_o have_v its_o quantity_n make_v great_a or_o less_o or_o extrinsical_o that_o be_v by_o have_v its_o quantity_n unmoved_a as_o to_o it_o be_v own_o part_n or_o its_o self_n move_v towards_o another_o and_o both_o these_o do_v evident_o require_v some_o kind_n of_o local_a motion_n it_o be_v evident_a likewise_o that_o no_o corporeal_a operation_n be_v without_o local_a motion_n proposition_n ii_o 13._o that_o a_o angel_n be_v not_o susceptible_a of_o local_a motion_n for_o since_o motion_n be_v mutation_n and_o consequent_o local_a motion_n mutation_n or_o change_n according_a to_o place_n and_o change_v of_o place_n do_v necessary_o require_v some_o space_n and_o space_n be_v quantity_n it_o follow_v that_o local_a motion_n can_v be_v make_v in_o a_o subject_a which_o have_v no_o quantity_n but_o angel_n they_o be_v pure_a spirit_n 6._o be_v not_o quantitative_a therefore_o they_o be_v not_o susceptible_a of_o local_a motion_n or_o capable_a of_o have_v local_a motion_n make_v in_o they_o proposition_n iii_o 15._o that_o no_o body_n can_v cause_v a_o change_n in_o a_o angel_n for_o since_o no_o 1._o operation_n of_o body_n be_v without_o local_a motion_n and_o 2._o a_o angel_n it_o be_v a_o pure_a spirit_n be_v not_o susceptible_a of_o local_a motion_n it_o follow_v that_o neither_o be_v it_o susceptible_a of_o the_o operation_n of_o body_n but_o 5._o no_o cause_n can_v change_v any_o thing_n unless_o that_o cause_n operate_v upon_o it_o therefore_o no_o body_n can_v cause_v any_o change_n in_o a_o angel_n proposition_n iu_o 16._o that_o a_o angel_n can_v change_v itself_o after_o the_o first_o instant_a for_o since_o a_o cause_n the_o self_n same_o in_o all_o respect_n if_o the_o patient_n be_v likewise_o the_o self_n same_o and_o the_o application_n also_o the_o self_n same_o produce_v the_o selfsame_a effect_n equal_o in_o any_o time_n assignable_a that_o be_v sufficient_a for_o such_o a_o effect_n and_o a_o angel_n put_v to_o act_v upon_o itself_o or_o change_v itself_o after_o the_o first_o instant_a be_v put_v to_o be_v the_o selfsame_a as_o to_o its_o be_v a_o cause_n in_o every_o instant_a before_o it_o act_n as_o likewise_o to_o be_v the_o selfsame_a patient_n in_o all_o respect_n and_o the_o application_n of_o itself_o to_o its_o self_n can_v but_o be_v equal_a it_o follow_v that_o in_o any_o time_n sufficient_a for_o the_o same_o effect_v it_o will_v produce_v the_o same_o effect_n that_o be_v act_n upon_o itself_o or_o change_v itself_o wherefore_o since_o a_o effect_n in_o a_o indivisible_a subject_n be_v indivisible_a that_o be_v impossible_a not_o to_o be_v all_o at_o once_o or_o in_o one_o instant_a and_o a_o angel_n be_v a_o pure_a spirit_n be_v 3_o 6._o a_o indivisible_a subject_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o this_o effect_n or_o the_o action_n of_o that_o spirit_n upon_o itself_o will_v be_v equal_o make_v in_o every_o instant_a in_o case_n it_o be_v not_o already_o make_v that_o be_v can_v only_o be_v make_v in_o the_o first_o instant_a wherefore_o a_o angel_n can_v change_v itself_o after_o the_o first_o instant_a proposition_n v._n 17._o if_o there_o be_v only_o two_o angel_n existent_a one_o of_o they_o can_v not_o act_v upon_o the_o other_o after_o the_o very_a first_o instant_a of_o their_o be_v let_v there_o be_v only_o two_o angel_n the_o one_o whereof_o can_v work_v upon_o the_o other_o and_o let_v the_o agent_n be_v a_o the_o patient_n b_o and_o because_o they_o be_v suppose_v not_o to_o act_v in_o the_o first_o instant_a but_o after_o some_o duration_n let_v the_o duration_n assign_v be_v c_o the_o instant_a at_o the_o end_n of_o that_o duration_n in_o which_o they_o first_o work_v d._n since_o neither_o a._n nor_o b._n be_v able_a to_o work_v upon_o themselves_o except_o in_o the_o first_o instant_a 4._o and_o as_o be_v suppose_v one_o work_n not_o upon_o the_o other_o till_o the_o instant_a d_o they_o must_v necessary_o remain_v in_o all_o respect_v the_o same_o they_o be_v in_o the_o first_o instant_a till_o the_o instant_a d_o that_o be_v for_o the_o whole_a intermediat_a duration_n c_o therefore_o they_o be_v equal_o fit_v in_o point_n of_o agent_n and_o patient_n in_o each_o nay_o in_o the_o very_a first_o instant_a of_o the_o duration_n c_o as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o instant_a d_o but_o in_o the_o instant_a d_o in_o which_o they_o act_v they_o be_v in_o all_o point_v fit_v to_o act_n therefore_o they_o be_v also_o in_o all_o point_n perfect_o fit_v to_o act_v in_o the_o very_a first_o instant_a of_o the_o duration_n c_o wherefore_o 1_o the_o effect_v begin_v and_o the_o subject_a be_v indivisible_a 2._o end_v in_o the_o very_a first_o instant_a in_o case_n their_o want_v not_o application_n of_o the_o perfectly-ready_a agent_n to_o the_o perfectly-disposed_a patient_n but_o there_o want_v not_o application_n in_o the_o very_a first_o instant_a for_o since_o quantitative_a application_n or_o propinquity_n be_v not_o competent_a to_o pure_a spirit_n all_o the_o application_n they_o can_v be_v imagine_v to_o have_v to_o one_o another_o be_v by_o knowledge_n and_o will._n but_o they_o have_v the_o same_o knowledge_n and_o will_n for_o the_o whole_a duration_n antecedent_n because_o they_o be_v suppose_v unchanged_a and_o perfect_o the_o same_o for_o that_o whole_a duration_n and_o though_o they_o have_v not_o have_v it_o former_o the_o argument_n return_v with_o the_o same_o force_n that_o they_o can_v not_o have_v have_v this_o new_a knowledge_n and_o will_n from_o themselves_o in_o any_o part_n of_o that_o duration_n nor_o from_o a_o body_n and_o therefore_o they_o must_v have_v have_v it_o from_o anâ—ther_n spirit_n and_o this_o in_o the_o first_o instant_a because_o 1.2_o that_o other_o be_v then_o perfect_o apt_a to_o give_v it_o this_o perfect_o apt_a to_o receive_v it_o and_o consequent_o if_o there_o be_v only_o two_o angel_n existent_a one_o of_o they_o can_v not_o act_v upon_o rhe_n other_o after_o the_o very_a first_o instant_a of_o their_o be_v proposition_n vi_o 18._o put_v any_o multitude_n of_o angel_n how_o great_a soever_o all_o that_o they_o can_v work_v upon_o one_o another_o will_v be_v perform_v in_o the_o first_o instant_a of_o their_o be_v for_o since_o where_o there_o be_v only_o two_o 5._o one_o must_v therefore_o act_v upon_o the_o other_o in_o the_o first_o instant_a or_o not_o at_o all_o because_o all_o the_o imaginable_a concurrent_n to_o that_o action_n be_v then_o adequate_o put_v the_o rest_n also_o where_o there_o be_v more_o will_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n be_v wrought_v upon_o in_o the_o same_o instant_a in_o case_n the_o cause_n of_o that_o action_n be_v then_o adequate_o put_v but_o they_o be_v all_o adequate_o put_v in_o the_o same_o first_o instant_a for_o the_o second_o angel_n that_o act_v either_o be_v a_o perfect_a agent_n and_o perfect_o apply_v by_o what_o it_o have_v of_o itself_o or_o by_o what_o it_o have_v from_o another_o wherefore_o since_o it_o can_v never_o want_v what_o it_o have_v of_o it_o self_n or_o by_o its_o self_n it_o can_v want_v any_o thing_n to_o work_v upon_o the_o three_o unless_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wrought_v upon_o by_o the_o first_o and_o so_o be_v fit_v to_o work_v upon_o the_o three_o but_o this_o be_v do_v in_o the_o very_a 5._o first_o instant_a wherefore_o also_o the_o three_o will_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n be_v wrought_v upon_o in_o the_o selfsame_a instant_a again_o since_o the_o three_o can_v be_v imagine_v to_o want_v any_o thing_n to_o enable_v it_o to_o work_v
manner_n of_o work_v have_v and_o consequent_o those_o relation_n be_v far_o more_o real_a than_o those_o which_o be_v ground_v on_o corporeal_a power_n and_o their_o operation_n 15._o the_o substance_n as_o it_o be_v of_o relation_n consist_v in_o that_o immediate_a ground_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o our_o refer_v one_o thing_n to_o another_o for_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o be_v the_o thing_n itself_o in_o my_o mind_n which_o be_v refer_v and_o not_o the_o act_n of_o the_o mind_n refer_v it_o for_o example_n two_o white_a thing_n have_v unity_n of_o form_n or_o the_o same_o notion_n in_o they_o which_o make_v they_o real_o alike_o of_o themselves_o be_v they_o in_o a_o compare_v power_n that_o can_v actual_o refer_v they_o and_o denominate_v they_o relative_o as_o their_o nature_n require_v so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o act_n of_o my_o understanding_n which_o make_v the_o white_a wall_n real_o alike_o but_o their_o own_o nature_n which_o be_v the_o object_n of_o my_o act_n by_o mean_n notwithstanding_o of_o the_o comparative_a act_n of_o my_o understanding_n which_o they_o inform_v as_o a_o necessary_a condition_n to_o relate_v they_o actual_o and_o without_o which_o they_o have_v each_o of_o they_o have_v but_o the_o absolute_a notion_n of_o white_a and_o not_o the_o relative_n one_o of_o be_v alike_o corol._n ii_o hence_o we_o have_v some_o light_n give_v we_o how_o there_o may_v be_v true_a and_o real_a relation_n in_o god_n know_v and_o love_v himself_o and_o how_o they_o depend_v and_o not_o depend_v on_o our_o understanding_n 16._o the_o intrinsical_a difference_n of_o relation_n be_v more_o and_o less_o and_o our_o act_n add_v nothing_o to_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o relation_n they_o must_v be_v take_v from_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a ground_n or_o reason_n why_o the_o thing_n be_v refer_v to_o another_o hence_o our_o great_a relation_n be_v to_o god_n because_o all_o the_o good_a we_o have_v or_o can_v have_v do_v entire_o refer_v we_o to_o he_o upon_o which_o therefore_o be_v found_v all_o our_o religious_a respect_n and_o our_o duty_n of_o serve_v obey_v and_o adore_v he_o next_o follow_v the_o relation_n of_o a_o husband_n to_o a_o wife_n who_o be_v in_o some_o manner_n the_o same_o individual_a with_o himself_o after_o they_o come_v our_o relation_n to_o our_o parent_n who_o concur_v to_o our_o be_v give_v we_o education_n and_o provide_v for_o our_o subsistence_n then_o to_o mankind_n to_o who_o we_o be_v relate_v by_o identity_n of_o nature_n to_o our_o country_n our_o king_n and_o other_o superior_n according_a to_o their_o several_a rank_n to_o our_o kinsfolk_n neighbour_n etc._n etc._n from_o which_o relation_n arise_v several_a duty_n in_o proportion_n to_o the_o more_o or_o less_o important_a reason_n or_o ground_n that_o make_v they_o more_o or_o less_o near_a or_o remote_o relate_v to_o we_o lesson_n viii_o of_o the_o common_a head_n of_o action_n and_o passion_n 1._o there_o be_v two_o and_o but_o two_o common_a head_n of_o extrinsecal_n conceive_v to_o be_v apply_v to_o one_o another_o by_o way_n of_o motion_n for_o since_o motion_n have_v two_o term_n viz._n that_o thing_n from_o whence_o it_o come_v and_o that_o to_o which_o it_o reach_v and_o these_o be_v distinct_a consideration_n hence_o we_o have_v two_o common_a head_n of_o one_o extrinsical_a thing_n conceive_v to_o be_v apply_v to_o another_o by_o way_n of_o motion_n nor_o can_v there_o be_v more_o for_o motion_n consider_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o midway_n between_o those_o term_n have_v no_o notion_n but_o that_o of_o mere_a motion_n whence_o it_o be_v the_o very_a notion_n of_o successive_a quantity_n and_o belong_v clear_o to_o that_o common_a head_n and_o therefore_o can_v belong_v to_o another_o or_o constitute_v a_o new_a one_o 2._o the_o notion_n of_o motion_n be_v the_o most_o imperfect_a of_o all_o our_o notion_n and_o most_o approach_a to_o nonentity_n for_o since_o motion_n as_o it_o superadd_v to_o the_o extensive_a quantity_n of_o its_o subject_n be_v whole_o make_v up_o of_o not_o be_v in_o this_o place_n or_o that_o or_o of_o not_o be_v still_o here_o and_o not_o be_v yet_o there_o nor_o have_v any_o thing_n of_o permanency_n which_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n the_o same_o notion_n with_o actual_a be_v it_o follow_v that_o beside_o the_o common_a disadvantage_n other_o accident_n be_v liable_a to_o of_o have_v no_o entity_n of_o their_o own_o but_o what_o be_v borrow_a of_o their_o subject_n it_o have_v moreover_o this_o that_o neither_o itself_o nor_o any_o part_n of_o itself_o exist_v so_o much_o as_o for_o one_o moment_n wherefore_o ens_fw-la be_v a_o capacity_n of_o existence_n motion_n seem_v to_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n incapable_a of_o existence_n or_o a_o nonentity_n and_o this_o out_o of_o its_o own_o peculiar_a nature_n or_o notion_n again_o since_o in_o every_o part_n of_o motion_n the_o thing_n move_v be_v in_o a_o space_n big_a than_o itself_o and_o place_n as_o will_v be_v show_v 9_o hereafter_o proper_o such_o be_v but_o equal_a to_o the_o thing_n it_o contain_v and_o not_o big_a than_o it_o hence_o motion_n hinder_v its_o subject_a to_o be_v proper_o speak_v in_o any_o place_n that_o be_v any_o where_o which_o among_o body_n seem_v next_z akin_a to_o not_o be_v at_o all_o last_o motion_n be_v destructive_a of_o actual_a be_v in_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v arrive_v to_o their_o full_a state_n of_o perfection_n which_o show_v its_o nature_n to_o be_v in_o some_o sense_n direct_o opposite_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o be_v which_o have_v some_o kind_n of_o constancy_n and_o stability_n in_o it_o nor_o can_v it_o be_v say_v that_o it_o give_v actual_a be_v or_o existence_n to_o the_o new_a entity_n it_o help_v to_o produce_v for_o existence_n 7._o be_v the_o proper_a effect_n of_o self-existence_n or_o the_o first_o cause_n wherefore_o the_o notion_n of_o motion_n be_v the_o most_o imperfect_a of_o all_o our_o notion_n and_o most_o approach_a to_o nonentity_n corol._n i._n hence_o be_v demonstrate_v that_o since_o every_o agent_n produce_v a_o effect_v suitable_a to_o its_o own_o nature_n and_o therefore_o a_o agent_n infinite_o perfect_a can_v be_v the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o what_o be_v most_o imperfect_a therefore_o motion_n be_v both_o most_o imperfect_a and_o withal_o most_o disagreeable_a nay_o direct_o contrary_a to_o god_n nature_n which_o be_v pure_a self-existence_n and_o essential_o immovable_a and_o vnchangable_a be_v not_o immediate_o cause_v by_o god_n but_o by_o 4._o some_o imperfect_a agent_n or_o some_o creature_n that_o be_v by_o such_o a_o cause_n as_o of_o itself_o be_v a_o nonentity_n 3._o the_o notion_n of_o action_n as_o it_o superadd_v to_o mere_a motion_n be_v the_o exercise_n of_o a_o power_n which_o be_v effective_a of_o something_o for_o since_o to_o act_n be_v to_o do_v and_o to_o do_v nothing_o be_v not_o to_o do_v it_o follow_v that_o to_o act_n be_v to_o do_v something_o but_o to_o do_v something_o presuppose_v a_o power_n to_o do_v it_o and_o this_o so_o as_o not_o to_o stay_v in_o the_o notion_n of_o mere_a power_n for_o if_o it_o stay_v there_o it_o only_o denominate_v the_o thing_n able_a to_o do_v which_o again_o be_v not_o to_o do_v wherefore_o action_n be_v not_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o sluggish_a power_n but_o of_o a_o power_n exert_v and_o exercise_v that_o be_v effect_v something_o whence_o the_o power_n be_v call_v effective_a the_o action_n efficiency_n and_o the_o something_o it_o do_v be_v term_v a_o effect_n all_o which_o superadd_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o mere_a motion_n 4._o the_o primary_n and_o chief_a natural_a action_n be_v division_n for_o since_o substance_n be_v the_o subject_a of_o all_o accident_n and_o which_o be_v change_v all_o the_o accident_n do_v suffer_v a_o change_n with_o it_o hence_o that_o action_n that_o work_v upon_o a_o body_n according_a to_o the_o substantial_a notion_n of_o it_o have_v more_o of_o action_n in_o it_o as_o work_v a_o great_a effect_n but_o division_n make_v two_o thing_n of_o one_o and_o so_o destroy_v the_o former_a vnum_fw-la or_o ens_fw-la and_o make_v two_o new_a one_o therefore_o division_n be_v the_o primary_n and_o chief_a of_o all_o other_o natural_a action_n note_v that_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o perfect_a division_n which_o make_v the_o thing_n divide_v and_o be_v therefore_o only_o proper_o to_o be_v call_v division_n for_o imperfect_a division_n only_o alter_v the_o figure_n it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n if_o they_o be_v in_o a_o great_a degree_n change_v the_o substance_n as_o well_o as_o division_n do_v answ._n this_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o some_o particular_a sort_n of_o body_n and_o not_o out_o of_o the_o precise_a notion_n of_o those_o action_n for_o
gramarical_a quibble_n and_o it_o will_v do_v too_o much_o honour_n to_o they_o to_o spend_v labour_n to_o name_v they_o be_v too_o open_a of_o themselves_o to_o need_v expose_v those_o which_o be_v less_o discernible_a and_o worth_a remark_n be_v such_o as_o this_o he_o that_o say_v you_o be_v a_o animal_n say_v true_a but_o he_o that_o say_v you_o be_v a_o ass_n say_v you_o be_v a_o animal_n therefore_o he_o that_o say_v you_o be_v a_o ass_n say_v true_a where_o â—5_n as_o have_v be_v particular_o show_v above_o the_o word_n animal_n be_v take_v in_o diverse_a sense_n for_o in_o this_o proposition_n peter_n be_v a_o animal_n it_o be_v restrain_v by_o the_o subject_a to_o signify_v one_o individual_a animal_n and_o of_o such_o a_o kind_n viz._n rational_a but_o in_o the_o proposition_n a_o ass_n be_v a_o animal_n it_o be_v restrain_v to_o signify_v a_o animal_n of_o another_o kind_n viz._n irrational_a whence_o it_o be_v no_o syllogism_n because_o it_o have_v four_o term_n 10._o of_o these_o fallacy_n which_o be_v not_o ground_v on_o the_o ambiguity_n of_o the_o word_n but_o be_v build_v on_o the_o thing_n or_o the_o sense_n the_o first_o worth_n remark_v be_v that_o call_v the_o fallacy_n ex_fw-la accident_n which_o happen_v when_o the_o middle_a term_n be_v only_o accidental_o connect_v with_o the_o extreme_n and_o not_o per_fw-la se_fw-la or_o out_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n as_o bar-whateve_a breed_v stir_v in_o a_o commonwealth_n be_v bad_a but_o baal_a religion_n breed_v stir_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n therefore_o ra-all_a religion_n be_v bad_a the_o common_a answer_n be_v to_o distinguish_v the_o major_a and_o minor_a both_o and_o to_o say_v that_o what_o breed_v stir_v out_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n be_v bad_a but_o not_o that_o which_o breed_v they_o accidental_o for_o otherwise_o a_o sword_n and_o wine_n must_v be_v bad_a because_o the_o one_o sometime_o help_v to_o commit_v murder_n and_o the_o other_o cause_v drunkenness_n but_o the_o more_o solid_a way_n and_o which_o bear_v up_o best_o to_o logical_a ground_n be_v to_o deny_v it_o to_o be_v a_o syllogism_n because_o though_o the_o form_n of_o it_o be_v legitimate_a yet_o the_o matter_n or_o the_o middle_a term_n be_v not_o so_o for_o a_o syllogism_n be_v a_o speech_n contrive_v by_o true_a logician_n to_o conclude_v a_o three_o proposition_n out_o of_o the_o premise_n so_o as_o by_o connexion_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la with_o the_o extreme_n we_o may_v know_v it_o to_o be_v certain_o true_a for_o that_o which_o leave_v we_o uncertain_a leave_v we_o ignorant_a it_o follow_v that_o the_o middle_a term_n must_v be_v either_o a_o notion_n essential_o connect_v with_o the_o extreme_n or_o else_o as_o a_o proper_a cause_n or_o effect_v of_o it_o neither_o of_o which_o it_o can_v be_v if_o it_o be_v but_o accidental_o belong_v to_o they_o we_o may_v note_v here_o how_o accidental_a medium_n be_v common_a and_o remote_a one_o or_o such_o as_o beget_v opinion_n for_o between_o religion_n and_o commotion_n intervene_v perversity_n of_o will_n disregard_n of_o virtue_n irrational_a assent_n upon_o opinionative_n ground_n pride_n and_o faction_n against_o church_n governor_n who_o will_v bind_v they_o to_o good_a principle_n and_o religious_a duty_n interest_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o or_o some_o if_o not_o most_o of_o they_o be_v the_o proper_a and_o immediate_a cause_n of_o dissension_n at_o least_o near_o and_o more_o proper_a cause_n of_o it_o than_o religion_n itself_o the_o principle_n of_o which_o do_v oblige_v man_n to_o the_o preservation_n of_o peace_n and_o unity_n 11._o the_o second_o be_v call_v ignoratio_fw-la elenchi_fw-la which_o in_o easy_a language_n be_v the_o attempt_v to_o prove_v what_o be_v not_o in_o question_n or_o put_v upon_o our_o adversary_n to_o hold_v a_o tenet_n he_o never_o own_a nor_o hold_v as_o it_o usual_o pass_v among_o passionate_a discourse_n and_o scold_n when_o they_o object_n to_o other_o what_o they_o neither_o hold_v nor_o think_v that_o they_o may_v the_o more_o easy_o confute_v they_o or_o render_v they_o odious_a this_o be_v avoid_v in_o dispute_n by_o state_v the_o question_n right_a and_o by_o agree_v beforehand_o in_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n in_o which_o the_o question_n be_v conceive_v as_o be_v recommend_v in_o the_o second_o and_o three_o rule_n or_o if_o this_o be_v not_o do_v before_o the_o dispute_n begin_v it_o be_v answer_v by_o say_v transeat_fw-la totum_fw-la and_o force_v the_o adversary_n weary_a with_o aim_v his_o blow_n amiss_o to_o recur_v to_o the_o true_a point_n and_o to_o conclude_v the_o contradictory_n to_o the_o defendant_n tenet_n which_o be_v his_o only_a duty_n and_o aught_o to_o have_v be_v do_v at_o first_o 12._o the_o three_o be_v beg_v the_o question_n or_o suppose_v that_o which_o shall_v have_v be_v prove_v which_o be_v manifest_o faulty_a for_o the_o premise_n must_v be_v clear_a than_o the_o conclusion_n which_o they_o can_v be_v if_o the_o proof_n in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n be_v as_o unknown_a and_o obscure_a as_o be_v the_o conclusion_n itself_o as_o it_o must_v be_v if_o it_o be_v bare_o suppose_v and_o beg_v gratis_o of_o which_o fallacy_n therefore_o all_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o hypothetical_n philosophy_n be_v guilty_a as_o also_o that_o fallacy_n call_v a_o ill_a enumeration_n of_o the_o part_n as_o follow_v here_o 13._o the_o four_o be_v that_o of_o a_o imperfect_a or_o incomplete_a division_n which_o happen_v wâ—en_v it_o be_v false_o pretend_v that_o the_o thing_n in_o question_n must_v be_v one_o of_o those_o which_o be_v nominate_v or_o that_o it_o must_v be_v perform_v one_o of_o the_o way_n assign_v when_o perhaps_o there_o be_v another_o way_n how_o that_o thing_n may_v be_v do_v which_o be_v never_o assign_v but_o either_o unthink_a of_o or_o neglect_v as_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v assert_v that_o motion_n must_v either_o happen_v by_o atom_n descend_v in_o a_o immense_a vacuum_n or_o by_o the_o impression_n of_o so_o much_o motion_n in_o the_o mass_n of_o matter_n at_o first_o by_o god_n and_o his_o continue_v it_o ever_o since_o when_o as_o a_o three_o way_n may_v be_v assign_v viz._n that_o a_o create_v intelligent_a be_v cause_n and_o all_o along_o continue_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o first-moved_n body_n which_o move_v the_o rest_n this_o fallacy_n be_v defeat_v by_o deny_v the_o proposition_n which_o contain_v the_o enumeration_n of_o all_o those_o cause_n or_o manner_n of_o action_n and_o by_o oblige_v the_o disputant_n to_o show_v his_o division_n to_o be_v adequate_a 14._o the_o five_o be_v call_v non_fw-la causa_fw-la pro_fw-la causa_fw-la that_o be_v in_o plain_a term_n the_o bring_v a_o medium_fw-la that_o do_v not_o conclude_v or_o the_o pretend_v the_o conclusion_n follow_v from_o a_o medium_fw-la that_o can_v necessary_o infer_v it_o this_o fallacy_n if_o it_o must_v be_v call_v so_o happen_v chief_o to_o experimental_a philosopher_n who_o go_v by_o mere_a induction_n and_o lay_v no_o evident_a or_o certain_a principle_n of_o nature_n a_o priori_fw-la to_o guide_v their_o thought_n by_o but_o hypothetical_n one_o only_o do_v hence_o refund_v all_o the_o effect_n of_o nature_n into_o false-pretended_n cause_n whence_o every_o man_n who_o set_v up_o a_o new_a scheme_n do_v still_o assign_v new_a reason_n or_o cause_n according_a to_o which_o he_o strive_v to_o explicate_v nature_n and_o into_o which_o he_o endeavour_v to_o resolve_v all_o the_o several_a production_n and_o effect_n of_o it_o but_o why_o this_o shall_v be_v call_v a_o fallacy_n i_o can_v comprehend_v at_o this_o rate_n every_o argument_n that_o do_v not_o conclude_v may_v be_v call_v a_o fallacy_n for_o since_o the_o premise_n in_o a_o demonstrative_a syllogism_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o conclusion_n whoever_o argue_v ill_a argue_v fallacious_o and_o assign_v a_o wrong_a cause_n by_o produce_v a_o incompetent_a medium_fw-la but_o in_o case_n the_o disputant_n put_v it_o upon_o the_o defendant_n to_o have_v make_v use_n of_o such_o a_o ground_n as_o he_o never_o mean_v it_o be_v then_o enough_o to_o deny_v it_o and_o put_v he_o to_o prove_v that_o that_o be_v indeed_o his_o ground_n as_o be_v pretend_v 15._o the_o five_o be_v the_o argue_n from_o what_o be_v take_v in_o a_o divide_a sense_n as_o if_o it_o be_v take_v in_o a_o compound_v sense_n or_o conjoint_o or_o from_o what_o be_v take_v in_o a_o compound_n sense_n or_o conjoint_o to_o infer_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o a_o divide_a sense_n example_n of_o the_o former_a be_v this_o he_o that_o be_v actual_o sit_v may_v walk_v peter_n be_v actual_o sit_v therefore_o peter_n actual_o sit_v or_o while_o he_o sit_v may_v walk_v where_o the_o major_n be_v false_a unless_o sit_v and_o walk_v be_v take_v divisive_o and_o mean_v that_o he_o who_o sit_v
have_v necessary_o some_o mixture_n of_o the_o opposite_a quality_n anâ—_n be_v as_o it_o be_v allay_v by_o it_o so_o that_o it_o come_v to_o be_v finite_a under_o that_o notion_n whence_o the_o subject_a which_o have_v one_o of_o those_o extreme_a quality_n become_v a_o capacity_n of_o admit_v the_o other_o extreme_a and_o therefore_o epicurus_n seem_v to_o go_v to_o work_v more_o like_o a_o philosopher_n in_o this_o point_n than_o the_o cartesian_o by_o suppose_v his_o atom_n essential_o that_o be_v infinite_o dense_n or_o incapable_a to_o be_v break_v or_o divide_v though_o in_o most_o other_o thing_n he_o fall_v very_o much_o short_a of_o cartesius_n his_o clear_a wit_n by_o his_o build_n in_o a_o manner_n whole_o on_o supposition_n 〈◊〉_d and_o those_o too_o the_o most_o extravagant_a one_o a_o ill-grounded_a judgement_n can_v stumble_v into_o 25._o they_o will_v ask_v how_o or_o by_o what_o mean_n can_v a_o dense_n body_n be_v change_v into_o a_o rare_a one_o or_o a_o rare_a 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have_v a_o entitative_a union_n but_o by_o be_v join_v together_o as_o act_n and_o power_n that_o be_v as_o matter_n and_o form_n which_o be_v the_o potential_a part_n of_o a_o ens_fw-la and_o therefore_o be_v apt_a to_o compound_v one_o ens_fw-la in_o regard_n neither_o of_o they_o be_v a_o thing_n actual_o 32._o and_o indeed_o if_o we_o look_v more_o narrow_o into_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o denier_n of_o formal_a mutation_n the_o antiperipatetick_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o they_o have_v perplex_v and_o render_v obscure_a the_o most_o common_a easie_n obvious_a useful_a and_o necessary_a notion_n which_o mankind_n have_v or_o can_v have_v viz._n the_o notion_n of_o a_o thing_n for_o i_o can_v discern_v that_o they_o make_v their_o first_o mass_n of_o matter_n to_o be_v one_o natural_a thing_n unless_o they_o fancy_v it_o to_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o idea_n platonica_fw-la of_o body_n exist_v indeterminate_o or_o in_o common_a for_o they_o put_v the_o form_n of_o it_o to_o be_v 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no_o clear_a light_n what_o be_v to_o be_v call_v a_o thing_n or_o what_o the_o word_n thing_n mean_n as_o for_o our_o four_o element_n which_o perhaps_o they_o will_v object_v they_o either_o be_v find_v pure_a and_o out_o of_o the_o compound_v and_o then_o have_v a_o actual_a existence_n of_o their_o own_o they_o be_v true_o thing_n or_o they_o do_v not_o and_o then_o they_o be_v potential_a part_n of_o the_o compound_v in_o which_o they_o be_v which_o and_o only_o which_o exist_v by_o one_o actual_a existence_n which_o show_v it_o to_o be_v one_o thing_n and_o not_o by_o many_o as_o their_o compound_v do_v which_o make_v it_o many_o thing_n at_o least_o such_o thing_n as_o they_o will_v allow_v those_o element_n or_o particle_n to_o be_v 33._o but_o to_o give_v they_o what_o satisfaction_n we_o may_v without_o injury_n to_o truth_n and_o withal_o to_o clear_a the_o true_a aristotelian_a doctrine_n from_o the_o prejudices_fw-la take_v from_o the_o bad_a speculation_n of_o those_o schoolman_n who_o make_v accident_n so_o many_o little_a entity_n distinct_a from_o substance_n we_o will_v confess_v that_o many_o of_o those_o form_n we_o call_v quality_n be_v effluium_n or_o particle_n send_v out_o from_o other_o body_n which_o while_o they_o transient_o affect_v that_o body_n on_o which_o they_o light_v they_o retain_v their_o own_o distinct_a entity_n and_o be_v call_v the_o particle_n or_o virtue_n of_o the_o emittent_a body_n affect_v another_o body_n that_o be_v passive_a from_o they_o but_o when_o they_o gain_v a_o permanency_n there_o and_o by_o continuity_n of_o quantity_n or_o similitude_n of_o nature_n or_o any_o other_o cause_n they_o come_v to_o be_v natural_o unite_v to_o it_o and_o assist_v it_o in_o its_o proper_a operation_n they_o lose_v their_o actual_a entity_n and_o unity_n which_o they_o have_v former_o and_o become_v a_o potential_a part_n of_o the_o subject_a that_o be_v passive_a from_o they_o and_o exist_v and_o subsist_v in_o it_o and_o because_o the_o notion_n of_o form_n be_v to_o be_v receive_v in_o the_o subject_a or_o matter_n and_o those_o particle_n advene_v to_o it_o already_o exist_v they_o be_v hence_o call_v accidental_a form_n of_o it_o and_o either_o give_v it_o such_o a_o alterableness_n as_o be_v agreeable_a to_o their_o nature_n as_o be_v see_v in_o passable_a quality_n or_o sometime_o if_o they_o suit_n with_o the_o primogenial_a constitution_n of_o that_o body_n they_o strengthen_v and_o belong_v to_o some_o habit_n disposition_n power_n or_o property_n of_o it_o and_o piece_n out_o as_o it_o be_v those_o quality_n and_o in_o some_o degree_n or_o other_o denominate_v the_o subject_a thus_o or_o thus_o qualify_v 34._o but_o to_o make_v it_o yet_o more_o manifest_a how_o industrious_o the_o cartesian_o do_v wave_v the_o give_v any_o account_n of_o their_o first_o matter_n of_o which_o notwithstanding_o they_o hold_v all_o their_o three_o element_n and_o consequent_o all_o nature_n be_v make_v we_o will_v take_v notice_n of_o one_o prevarication_n of_o they_o more_o which_o do_v evident_o bewray_v at_o what_o a_o plunge_n they_o be_v about_o it_o by_o omit_v that_o consideration_n which_o even_o by_o their_o own_o doctrine_n be_v the_o chief_a and_o most_o necessary_a they_o affirm_v that_o matter_n of_o they_o to_o have_v be_v divide_v first_o by_o god_n into_o great_a part_n which_o again_o be_v move_v or_o jumble_v one_o against_o another_o do_v shave_v or_o wear_v off_o every_o small_a particle_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o which_o their_o first_o element_n be_v make_v division_n then_o be_v the_o first_o and_o principal_a physical_a action_n and_o that_o which_o most_o conduce_v to_o frame_v all_o nature_n nay_o in_o case_n there_o be_v no_o vacuum_n as_o they_o grant_v there_o be_v not_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o first_o motion_n and_o which_o be_v exercise_v immediate_o upon_o their_o matter_n as_o also_o all_o the_o follow_a motion_n exercise_v upon_o the_o say_a matter_n be_v division_n now_o divisibility_n of_o the_o matter_n be_v the_o proper_a power_n that_o answer_v to_o the_o act_n of_o division_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o to_o motion_n and_o withal_o direct_o speak_v the_o nature_n of_o their_o matter_n as_o apt_a to_o be_v wrought_v upon_o by_o those_o cause_n how_o be_v it_o possible_a they_o shall_v slip_v over_o that_o and_o regard_v only_o the_o extension_n of_o it_o divisibility_n be_v a_o natural_a notion_n and_o import_v a_o order_n to_o natural_a action_n whereas_o extension_n be_v a_o dull_a sluggish_a notion_n and_o mere_o mathematical_a that_o be_v it_o do_v abstract_a from_o action_n and_o motion_n both_o for_o a_o extend_v thing_n be_v never_o the_o more_o or_o less_o extend_v whether_o it_o move_v or_o stand_v still_o but_o its_o whole_a nature_n and_o notion_n be_v take_v up_o in_o affect_v its_o own_o subject_a or_o extend_v it_o equal_o and_o all_o one_o whether_o it_o act_v or_o not_o act_n but_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o wilful_a neglect_n be_v this_o that_o though_o they_o grant_v it_o to_o have_v be_v divide_v yet_o shall_v they_o tell_v we_o it_o be_v thus_o divisible_a common_a reason_n will_v lead_v we_o to_o pose_v they_o with_o ask_v whether_o it_o be_v easy_o or_o hardly_o divisible_a that_o be_v rare_a or_o dense_n of_o which_o quality_n in_o their_o matter_n antecedent_o to_o motion_n and_o the_o contexture_n of_o the_o particle_n make_v by_o that_o motion_n their_o principle_n can_v give_v no_o kind_n of_o account_n nor_o possible_o explicate_v they_o 35._o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v that_o they_o foresee_v this_o rub_n in_o their_o way_n which_o hinder_v the_o currency_n of_o all_o their_o doctrine_n of_o physics_n and_o see_v they_o can_v not_o remove_v it_o they_o very_o fair_o let_v it_o alone_o yet_o for_o a_o show_n they_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o word_n but_o they_o