its_o chief_a good_a thence_o that_o great_a essate_fw-it of_o the_o spurious_a dionysius_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d bonitie_n or_o the_o chief_a good_a convertes_o allthing_n to_o itself_o i_o e._n allthing_n tend_v to_o and_o acquiesce_v therein_o as_o in_o their_o centre_n or_o ultimate_a perfection_n 6_o the_o more_o the_o will_n be_v conform_v to_o the_o divine_a will_n the_o more_o free_a it_o be_v and_o who_o will_n be_v more_o conform_a to_o the_o divine_a will_n than_o he_o who_o actual_o and_o resolute_o adhere_v to_o god_n do_v not_o such_o a_o will_v touch_v the_o divine_a will_n in_o every_o point_n as_o two_o strait_a line_n 3._o moral_a liberty_n as_o to_o exercise_n consist_v in_o a_o actual_a cause_n dependence_n on_o the_o first_o cause_n total_a and_o immediate_a dependence_n on_o the_o first_o cause_n of_o allthing_n every_o creature_n have_v something_o of_o nothing_o or_o passive_a power_n either_o physic_n or_o metaphysic_n and_o obediential_a it_o thence_o fall_v under_o the_o law_n of_o mutability_n which_o be_v the_o root_n of_o dependence_n novitie_n of_o be_v deficience_n and_o dependence_n be_v essential_a to_o the_o creature_n as_o eternity_n of_o be_v immutabilitie_n and_o independence_n be_v to_o the_o creator_n for_o every_o creature_n be_v only_o be_v by_o participation_n hence_o dependence_n become_v intrinsical_v to_o it_o and_o inseparable_a from_o its_o nature_n as_o suarez_n metaph._n disp_n 20._o sect._n 5._o acutey_n demonstrate_v yea_o disp_n 31._o sect._n 14._o he_o further_o demonstrate_v that_o subordination_n or_o dependence_n of_o a_o create_v be_v both_o in_o act_v and_o cause_v formal_o belong_v to_o its_o essential_a reason_n as_o such_o because_o this_o dependence_n be_v found_v not_o in_o any_o quality_n or_o propriety_n of_o the_o creature_n extrinsical_a to_o its_o essence_n but_o in_o the_o very_o intrinsical_a limitation_n thereof_o so_o that_o the_o very_a essence_n of_o the_o creature_n as_o such_o be_v the_o root_n of_o this_o dependence_n and_o to_o suppose_v a_o creature_n and_o not_o to_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v dependent_a in_o essence_n and_o operation_n imply_v a_o contradiction_n neither_o have_v the_o rational_a creature_n a_o natural_a dependence_n only_o but_o also_o moral_a on_o its_o first_o cause_n we_o find_v both_o mention_v by_o plato_n leg._n 4._o pag._n 715._o where_o he_o show_v that_o god_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o principe_n and_o end_n of_o all_o being_n who_o conduct_n he_o that_o follow_v shall_v be_v happy_a and_o epinom_n pag._n 980._o he_o assure_v we_o that_o he_o who_o pray_v to_o god_n do_v trust_v in_o his_o benignity_n shall_v act_v well_o so_o in_o his_o timaeus_n pag._n 27._o he_o tell_v we_o that_o all_o who_o have_v any_o thing_n of_o a_o awaken_v mind_n when_o they_o attemt_fw-mi any_o matter_n either_o great_a or_o small_a be_v always_o wont_a to_o call_v on_o god_n which_o be_v a_o high_a act_n of_o dependence_n thence_o theages_n pag._n 128._o he_o bring_v in_o socrates_n philosophise_v of_o his_o dependence_n on_o god_n thus_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ▵_o aimonion_n for_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a demon_n which_o have_v follow_v i_o with_o a_o divine_a afflation_n even_o from_o my_o childhood_n this_o be_v a_o voice_n that_o signify_v to_o i_o what_o i_o must_v do_v etc._n etc._n what_o this_o daemon_n of_o socrates_n be_v be_v great_o controvert_v by_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n who_o have_v write_v book_n concern_v it_o that_o it_o be_v some_o divine_a afflation_n or_o inspiration_n they_o general_o grant_v as_o court_n gent._n p._n 2._o b._n 3._o c._n 1._o §_o 4._o it_o certain_o import_v his_o great_a sense_n of_o dependence_n on_o some_o divine_a power_n either_o real_a or_o imagivary_n yea_o planto_n in_o his_o timaeus_n say_v that_o beatitude_n or_o moral_a liberty_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o have_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o daemon_n dwell_v in_o he_o whereby_o peradventure_o he_o may_v allude_v to_o the_o hebraic_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d shekinah_n i.e._n the_o divine_a habitation_n of_o gow_n with_o man_n thence_o the_o greek_a father_n term_v efficacious_a grace_n and_o our_o dependence_n thereon_o in_o imitation_n of_o sacred_a philosophy_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o inhabitation_n of_o the_o holy_a spirit_n also_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d indwelling_a grace_n which_o allude_v to_o that_o of_o paul_n 2_o cor._n 12.9_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 12.9_o 2_o cor._n 12.9_o that_o the_o power_n of_o christ_n may_v tabernacle_n or_o dwell_v on_o i_o it_o evident_o allude_v both_o name_n and_o thing_n to_o the_o divine_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o habitation_n of_o god_n with_o and_o in_o man_n which_o denote_v the_o high_a dependence_n and_o indeed_o herein_o consist_v one_o main_a part_n of_o moral_a liberty_n as_o to_o exercise_v look_v as_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n touch_v the_o earth_n yet_o hang_v on_o the_o sun_n as_o their_o original_a cause_n so_o do_v all_o true_a moral_a virtue_n on_o its_o first_o cause_n virtuose_fw-la person_n who_o be_v most_o feeble_a in_o themselves_o be_v most_o strong_a and_o free_a by_o dependence_n on_o their_o first_o principe_n where_o there_o be_v a_o subordination_n of_o cause_n either_o moral_a or_o natural_a it_o be_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o inferior_a to_o depend_v on_o and_o receive_v from_o the_o superior_a do_v not_o the_o first_o cause_n give_v forth_o actual_a assistance_n usual_o according_a to_o the_o measure_n of_o our_o actual_a dependence_n on_o he_o if_o he_o drop_v not_o in_o every_o moment_n new_a spirit_n and_o influence_n how_o soon_o do_v all_o moral_a virtue_n wither_v and_o die_v away_o what_o more_o natural_a than_o for_o the_o second_o cause_n to_o depend_v on_o the_o first_o where_o there_o be_v a_o limit_a essence_n be_v there_o not_o also_o a_o limit_a dependent_a activity_n can_v a_o dependent_a cause_n produce_v any_o more_o than_o a_o dependent_a effect_n must_v not_o every_o mutable_a variable_a defectible_a be_v he_o reduce_v to_o some_o immutable_a indefectible_a first_o cause_n that_o which_o have_v not_o be_v from_o itself_o may_v it_o have_v operation_n independent_o from_o itself_o be_v not_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n found_v on_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o first_o if_o the_o create_a will_n can_v subsist_v of_o itself_o may_v it_o expect_v the_o privilege_n of_o act_v from_o itself_o independent_o as_o to_o the_o first_o cause_n be_v not_o the_o human_a will_n a_o mere_a passive_a though_o vital_a instrument_n as_o to_o the_o reception_n of_o divine_a influence_n albeit_o it_o be_v active_a as_o to_o its_o own_o operation_n must_v not_o then_o its_o dependence_n on_o the_o first_o cause_n be_v absolute_a and_o total_a yea_o be_v not_o this_o dependence_n immediate_a and_o o_o how_o be_v the_o soul_n enlarge_v according_a to_o the_o measure_n of_o its_o actual_a dependence_n on_o the_o first_o cause_n without_o this_o dependence_n the_o most_o facile_a moral_a duty_n be_v most_o difficult_a but_o with_o it_o the_o most_o difficult_a be_v most_o facile_a the_o soul_n be_v well_o compare_v to_o a_o glass_n without_o a_o foot_n which_o so_o long_o as_o the_o divine_a hand_n hold_v there_o be_v no_o danger_n of_o its_o be_v break_v but_o if_o god_n withdraw_v his_o hand_n it_o soon_o sal_n to_o the_o ground_n and_o be_v desh_v in_o piece_n he_o need_v not_o take_v it_o and_o throw_v it_o against_o the_o wall_n it_o will_v break_v of_o itself_o hence_o the_o efficacious_a grace_n of_o god_n be_v term_v by_o the_o ancient_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d munudaction_n also_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d assistant_n grace_n again_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o energy_n and_o cooperation_n of_o god_n basil_n term_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d all_o manner_n of_o energy_n cyril_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o aid_n from_o above_o chrysostome_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o auxiliant_a or_o assistant_n power_n greg._n nyssen_n in_o psalm_n say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o aid_n of_o god_n be_v the_o head_n and_o sum_n of_o virtue_n and_o chrysostome_n in_o gen._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o whole_a of_o good_a be_v from_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n whence_o god_n be_v term_v by_o cyril_n in_o esa_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o creator_n and_o framer_n of_o all_o good_a and_o his_o efficacious_a grace_n be_v term_v by_o he_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o multiforme_a energy_n also_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o efficacious_a aid_n as_o by_o chrysostome_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o invincible_a assistence_n of_o which_o more_o hereafter_o the_o moral_a divine_a life_n be_v nothing_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n but_o continual_a effusion_n and_o insusion_n into_o
2_o all_o second_o cause_n if_o compare_v with_o the_o first_o be_v but_o instrument_n of_o his_o principal_a concourse_n thus_o not_o only_a aquinas_n bradwardine_n and_o the_o more_o sane_a scholastic_o but_o also_o averro_n de_fw-fr somno_fw-la &_o vigilia_fw-la where_o he_o affirm_v that_o second_o cause_n be_v move_v by_o the_o first_o as_o instrument_n by_o the_o artificer_n but_o here_o occur_v a_o spinose_n knotty_a question_n much_o ventilate_v in_o the_o school_n whether_o the_o will_n in_o the_o reception_n of_o supernatural_a habit_n be_v a_o instrument_n or_o principal_a cause_n according_a to_o the_o former_a distinction_n i_o shall_v answer_v 1_o that_o according_a to_o the_o general_a notion_n of_o a_o instrument_n the_o will_n may_v be_v term_v such_o in_o the_o reception_n and_o act_n of_o grace_n as_o it_o receive_v grace_n it_o be_v a_o passive_a instrument_n yet_o as_o it_o act_v grace_n it_o be_v a_o active_a instrument_n 2_o that_o the_o will_n in_o the_o receive_n and_o act_v grace_n be_v a_o vital_a instrument_n hence_o it_o be_v term_v by_o greg._n nazianz._n orat._n 8._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o divine_a instrument_n a_o rational_a instrument_n a_o instrument_n compose_v and_o knock_v at_o by_o that_o preclare_v artificer_n the_o spirit_n of_o god_n in_o receive_v the_o first_o grace_n the_o will_n be_v only_o natural_o remote_o and_o passive_o vital_a as_o it_o be_v a_o piece_n of_o human_a nature_n but_o in_o the_o actuate_a what_o grace_n be_v receive_v it_o be_v a_o spiritual_o vital_a instrument_n grace_n receive_v elevate_v the_o human_a soul_n to_o a_o spiritual_a vitality_n and_o instrumentalitie_n for_o the_o act_n of_o grace_n hence_o 3_o the_o will_n may_v as_o to_o the_o act_n of_o grace_n so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v clothe_v with_o divine_a habit_n be_v term_v in_o some_o respect_n a_o principal_a agent_n under_o god_n special_o if_o compare_v with_o the_o effect_n produce_v it_o be_v true_a if_o the_o will_v be_v compare_v with_o god_n even_o in_o the_o act_n of_o grace_n receive_v it_o be_v but_o a_o mere_a instrument_n because_o both_o habit_n and_o act_n be_v receive_v from_o god_n yet_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o will_n as_o invest_v and_o qualify_v with_o supernatural_a habit_n which_o be_v the_o same_o to_o the_o soul_n that_o it_o be_v to_o the_o body_n whereby_o it_o be_v inform_v and_o capacitate_v to_o produce_v such_o or_o such_o supernatural_a act_n and_o effect_n in_o this_o regard_n we_o may_v style_v it_o a_o principal_a cause_n though_o i_o must_v confess_v the_o notion_n of_o a_o instrument_n use_v by_o aquinas_n and_o other_o seem_v more_o adequate_a and_o genuine_a to_o express_v its_o causalitie_n by_o in_o as_o much_o as_o all_o be_v from_o god_n by_o supernatural_a infusion_n §_o 3._o have_v inquire_v into_o the_o concourse_n of_o god_n in_o regard_n of_o its_o object_n wil._n divine_a concourse_n as_o to_o its_o principe_n the_o same_o with_o god_n wil._n we_o now_o proceed_v to_o consider_v it_o as_o relate_v to_o its_o subject_a or_o principe_n which_o will_v afford_v to_o we_o great_a notice_n of_o its_o genuine_a nature_n the_o scholastic_a theologue_n in_o their_o debate_n about_o the_o concourse_n of_o god_n to_o the_o supernatural_a act_n of_o the_o will_n be_v great_o divide_v some_o place_v it_o in_o a_o certain_a efficacious_a impulse_n or_o motion_n of_o god_n whereby_o the_o will_n be_v determine_v to_o consent_n and_o act_v other_o in_o a_o certain_a actual_a premotion_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o transient_a quality_n together_o with_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o will_n other_o in_o the_o very_a operation_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n or_o will_n as_o it_o proceed_v from_o the_o influx_n of_o god_n premove_v these_o make_v it_o to_o be_v a_o efficacious_a premotion_n or_o physic_n predetermination_n whereby_o the_o first_o cause_n make_v the_o second_o to_o act_v other_o place_v this_o concourse_n as_o to_o gratiose_fw-la effect_n in_o certain_a pious_a inspiration_n cogitation_n and_o indeliberate_a motion_n of_o love_n inject_v by_o god_n albeit_o some_o of_o these_o scholastic_a sentiment_n may_v have_v their_o place_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o concourse_n of_o god_n with_o relation_n to_o its_o passive_a attingence_n or_o as_o it_o terminate_v on_o the_o second_o cause_n and_o effect_n yet_o if_o we_o take_v it_o strict_o according_a to_o its_o formal_a idea_n i_o conceive_v no_o one_o of_o these_o opinion_n explicate_v the_o true_a nature_n thereof_o therefore_o to_o explicate_v the_o genuine_a nature_n of_o the_o divine_a concourse_n we_o must_v consider_v what_o relation_n it_o have_v to_o the_o divine_a will_n whether_o it_o be_v real_o distinct_a therefrom_o or_o not_o and_o here_o we_o must_v in_o the_o first_o place_n reflect_v on_o what_o be_v assert_v and_o prove_v in_o the_o former_a c._n 5._o §_o 4._o touch_v the_o ordinate_a or_o executive_a power_n of_o god_n and_o its_o indentitie_n with_o the_o divine_a will_n which_o be_v suppose_v as_o it_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v it_o natural_o follow_v that_o god_n concourse_n as_o to_o be_v active_a attingence_n and_o effective_a principe_fw-la be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o omnipotent_a efficacious_a volition_n of_o god_n for_o god_n executive_a power_n be_v the_o same_o with_o his_o effective_a will_n it_o thence_o necessary_o follow_v that_o his_o concourse_n be_v the_o same_o also_o hence_o sacred_a philosophy_n every_o where_o make_v god_n will_v the_o effective_a principe_n whereby_o allthing_n be_v make_v and_o govern_v or_o direct_v to_o their_o proper_a action_n and_o ends._n as_o psal_n 39.9_o and_o 115.3_o and_o 135.6_o mat._n 8.2_o 3._o 2_o chron._n 20.6_o and_o elsewhere_o as_o before_o c._n 5._o §_o 4._o thus_o also_o plato_n alcibiad_n 1._o p._n 135._o bring_v in_o socrates_n dialogise_v with_o young_a alcibiades_n that_o athenian_a gallant_a in_o this_o manner_n do_v thou_o know_v say_v socrates_n by_o what_o mean_v thou_o may_v avoid_v this_o inordinate_a motion_n of_o thy_o mind_n alcibiad_n yes_o socrat._v how_o alcibiad_n if_o thou_o will_v o_o socrates_n i._n e._n by_o thy_o precept_n and_o institute_n socrat._v thou_o may_v not_o say_v so_o alcibiad_n how_o then_o socrat._v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d if_o god_n wil._n mean_v that_o god_n will_n be_v omnipotent_a and_o so_o can_v without_o more_o ado_n mere_o by_o his_o act_n of_o volition_n work_v virtue_n in_o young_a alcibiades_n but_o now_o to_o explicate_v and_o demonstrate_v this_o hypothesis_n namely_o that_o the_o divine_a will_n be_v of_o itself_o operative_a we_o shall_v resolve_v the_o whole_a into_o the_o follow_a proposition_n 1._o prop._n god_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n of_o allthing_n do_v not_o concur_v by_o his_o essence_n absolute_o consider_v consider_v god_n concourse_n not_o his_o essence_n absolute_o consider_v for_o 1_o if_o god_n shall_v concur_v by_o his_o essence_n absolute_o consider_v he_o shall_v act_v allthing_n by_o a_o natural_a necessity_n not_o with_o any_o precedent_a liberty_n and_o then_o god_n make_v the_o world_n yea_o thing_n most_o contingent_a will_v be_v as_o absolute_o and_o natural_o necessary_a as_o his_o love_a himself_o it_o be_v true_a god_n love_v himself_o and_o all_o other_o immanent_a act_n have_v a_o concomitant_a liberty_n or_o divine_a spontaneitie_n attend_v they_o yet_o they_o admit_v not_o any_o antecedent_n liberty_n or_o indifference_n of_o any_o kind_n but_o now_o god_n work_n ad_fw-la extra_fw-la such_o as_o terminate_v on_o the_o creature_n have_v not_o only_o a_o concomitant_a but_o also_o antecedent_n liberty_n or_o some_o kind_n of_o indifference_n so_o that_o god_n can_v according_a to_o a_o signum_fw-la rationis_fw-la or_o priority_n of_o nature_n not_o have_v will_v they_o 2_o if_o god_n shall_v work_v allthing_n by_o his_o essence_n absolute_o consider_v thing_n possible_a shall_v have_v one_o and_o the_o same_o idea_n with_o thing_n future_a and_o so_o god_n science_n of_o simple_a intelligence_n shall_v be_v the_o same_o with_o his_o science_n of_o vision_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o consequence_n be_v most_o evident_a because_o the_o essence_n of_o god_n absolute_o consider_v be_v equal_o indifferent_a to_o thing_n possible_a which_o shall_v never_o be_v as_o to_z thing_n future_a which_o be_v to_o be_v 3_o again_o god_n absolute_a power_n shall_v be_v the_o same_o with_o his_o ordinate_a and_o his_o sufficience_n the_o same_o with_o his_o efficience_n if_o he_o wrought_v all_o thing_n by_o his_o essence_n absolute_o consider_v 4_o hence_o also_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o god_n shall_v always_o work_v and_o put_v forth_o his_o omnipotence_n to_o the_o utmost_a extent_n in_o all_o operation_n for_o cause_n that_o work_v from_o a_o necessity_n of_o nature_n work_v to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n 2._o prop._n god_n concourse_n proceed_v not_o from_o any_o executive_a power_n in_o god_n wil._n no_o executive_a
immediate_o and_o essential_o depend_v on_o both_o in_o their_o kind_n that_o the_o first_o and_o second_o cause_n immediate_o concur_v to_o the_o same_o effect_n by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o indivisible_a act_n may_v be_v demonstrate_v 1_o from_o the_o dependence_n which_o the_o act_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n have_v on_o the_o active_a causation_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n the_o act_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n do_v not_o as_o some_o conceive_v depend_v on_o any_o real_a influx_n or_o concourse_n transient_a from_o the_o first_o cause_n and_o distinct_a from_o the_o act_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n but_o on_o the_o mere_a efficacious_a volition_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n which_o be_v the_o effective_a principe_fw-la of_o all_o effect_n this_o be_v acute_o demonstrate_v by_o suarez_n metaph._n disput_fw-la 21._o sect_n 3._o p._n 568._o where_o he_o prove_v that_o the_o action_n of_o god_n be_v not_o the_o way_n or_o flux_n to_o the_o action_n of_o the_o creature_n but_o to_o the_o effect_n neither_o be_v a_o action_n the_o term_n of_o a_o action_n therefore_o to_o the_o universal_a influx_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n there_o be_v no_o more_o require_v but_o that_o the_o action_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n proceed_v from_o his_o will_n not_o that_o it_o proceed_v by_o another_o extern_a action_n but_o it_o can_v proceed_v immediate_o by_o itself_o from_o the_o will_n of_o god_n whence_o when_o the_o action_n of_o the_o creature_n be_v say_v to_o depend_v on_o the_o influx_n of_o god_n either_o this_o influx_n must_v be_v take_v for_o the_o immanent_a intern_a act_n as_o it_o influence_v the_o extern_a act_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n or_o the_o manner_n of_o speech_n must_v be_v take_v not_o transitive_o save_o according_a to_o some_o rational_a conception_n if_o we_o will_v speak_v proper_o it_o must_v be_v say_v that_o the_o action_n of_o the_o creature_n be_v from_o god_n whence_o he_o conclude_v in_o the_o same_o page_n thus_o by_o compare_v the_o action_n of_o the_o creature_n to_o the_o intern_a action_n of_o god_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o action_n of_o god_n be_v in_o order_n of_o nature_n before_o the_o action_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n whence_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o concourse_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n be_v before_o that_o of_o the_o second_o because_o the_o second_o cause_n do_v not_o act_v but_o in_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o first_o hence_o 2_o we_o may_v far_o demonstrate_v the_o identity_n of_o the_o act_n whereby_o the_o first_o and_o second_o cause_n concur_v to_o the_o effect_n by_o the_o independence_n which_o the_o act_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n have_v as_o to_o all_o transient_a act_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n distinct_a from_o itself_o for_o if_o the_o action_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n be_v from_o god_n by_o some_o transient_a influx_n distinct_a from_o itself_o then_o that_o influx_n be_v a_o creature_n will_v necessary_o require_v some_o other_o transient_a influx_n for_o its_o production_n and_o preservation_n and_o so_o into_o infinite_a 3_o that_o the_o action_n whereby_o the_o first_o and_o second_o cause_n concur_v to_o any_o effect_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v from_o the_o inutilitie_n and_o needless_a supposition_n of_o any_o distinction_n between_o they_o for_o if_o there_o be_v suppose_v two_o distinct_a action_n one_o of_o god_n another_o of_o the_o second_o cause_n as_o necessary_o concur_v to_o the_o production_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o effect_n than_o the_o action_n of_o the_o second_o be_v from_o god_n or_o not_o it_o can_v be_v say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o from_o god_n but_o only_o from_o the_o second_o cause_n because_o than_o it_o will_v be_v say_v that_o the_o effect_v of_o the_o second_o cause_n be_v from_o god_n but_o not_o the_o act_n which_o be_v against_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o finite_a limit_v be_v as_o we_o have_v prove_v in_o the_o precedent_a proposition_n if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o act_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n be_v from_o god_n then_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o suppose_v any_o other_o act_n of_o god_n distinct_a from_o this_o whereby_o he_o concur_v to_o the_o production_n of_o the_o effect_n be_v it_o not_o every_o way_n superfluous_a and_o unnecessary_a to_o suppose_v two_o distinct_a action_n one_o of_o the_o first_o and_o another_o of_o the_o second_o cause_n as_o concur_v to_o the_o same_o effect_n when_o as_o it_o be_v grant_v and_o can_v rational_o be_v deny_v that_o the_o very_a act_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n be_v from_o god_n this_o argument_n be_v well_o manage_v by_o suarez_n metaph._n disp_n 21._o s._n 3._o p._n 567._o the_o sum_n of_o all_o be_v this_o both_o the_o first_o and_o second_o cause_n concur_v immediate_o to_o the_o production_n of_o the_o effect_n by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o action_n yet_o the_o influx_n or_o concourse_n of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o cause_n consider_v formal_o as_o to_o the_o effective_a principes_fw-la be_v real_o distinct_a 2._o have_v dispatch_v the_o immediation_n of_o the_o divine_a concourse_n absolute_a god_n concourse_n independent_a and_o absolute_a we_o now_o proceed_v to_o a_o second_o adjunct_n or_o mode_n of_o operation_n appendent_a thereto_o namely_o its_o independence_n and_o absoluteness_n that_o the_o concourse_n of_o god_n be_v independent_a and_o absolute_a we_o be_v assure_v both_o by_o sacred_a and_o platonic_a philosophy_n the_o absolute_a independence_n of_o divine_a concourse_n as_o to_o gratiose_fw-la effect_n be_v frequent_o inculcate_v in_o sacred_a philosophy_n 51.10_o psal_n 51.10_o hence_o we_o find_v a_o creative_a efficace_n asscribe_v to_o independent_a medicinal_a grace_n 43.1_o esa_n 43.1_o so_o psal_n 51.10_o create_v in_o i_o a_o clean_a heart_n esa_n 43.1_o the_o lord_n that_o create_v thou_o o_o jacob_n etc._n etc._n so_o esa_n 57.19_o as_o elsewhere_o now_o what_o more_o independent_a and_o absolute_a than_o a_o creative_a concourse_n 1_o work_v of_o creation_n be_v out_o of_o nothing_o and_o so_o their_o efficient_a must_v needs_o be_v independent_a as_o to_o matter_n 2_o work_v of_o creation_n require_v a_o infinite_a independent_a agent_n which_o admit_v no_o social_a cause_n for_o creation_n be_v the_o production_n of_o something_o out_o of_o nothing_o which_o be_v term_n as_o to_o efficience_n infinite_o distant_a none_o but_o a_o infinite_a independent_a cause_n can_v effect_v the_o same_o who_o can_v reconcile_v something_o and_o nothing_o but_o he_o who_o have_v all_o be_v in_o himself_o 3_o work_v of_o creation_n be_v in_o a_o instant_n and_o therefore_o depend_v not_o on_o any_o preparation_n or_o material_a disposition_n of_o the_o subject_n 4_o work_v of_o creation_n be_v perfect_a and_o therefore_o require_v the_o most_o perfect_a independent_a absolute_a concourse_n how_o independnet_n and_o absolute_a efficacious_a grace_n be_v in_o its_o manner_n of_o work_v be_v far_a evident_a from_o that_o royal_a prerogative_n which_o it_o use_v in_o the_o conversion_n of_o sinner_n do_v it_o not_o oft_o let_v some_o run_v on_o in_o full_a career_n till_o they_o have_v one_o foot_n in_o hell_n and_o then_o snatch_v they_o as_o flame_a torch_n out_o of_o that_o sire_n thus_o ezech._n 16.6_o 16.6_o ezech._n 16.6_o i_o say_v unto_o thou_o when_o thou_o be_v in_o thy_o blood_n live_v christ_n omnipotent_a independent_a word_n carry_v a_o vivisie_n efficace_n in_o it_o how_o many_o lion_n have_v this_o omnipotent_a word_n turn_v into_o lamb_n what_o timber_n or_o heart_n be_v there_o so_o crooked_a knotty_a and_o crabbed_a out_o of_o which_o he_o can_v frame_v a_o vessel_n of_o mercy_n what_o heart_n so_o stony_a so_o rocky_a out_o of_o which_o he_o can_v raise_v up_o a_o son_n to_o abraham_n as_o mat._n 3.9_o 3.9_o mat._n 3.9_o now_o to_o change_v one_o species_n or_o kind_n of_o creature_n into_o another_o a_o lion_n into_o a_o lamb_n a_o stony_a heart_n into_o a_o son_n of_o abraham_n do_v not_o this_o argue_v independent_a absolute_a and_o omnipotent_a efficace_n so_o little_o be_v this_o gratiose_fw-la concourse_n tie_v to_o or_o dependent_a on_o the_o least_o moral_a disposition_n obligation_n merit_n cause_n condition_n or_o move_a consideration_n without_o itself_o it_o be_v the_o free_a thing_n in_o the_o world_n and_o therefore_o compare_v to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o wind_n which_o blow_v where_o it_o list_v joh._n 3.8_o can_v we_o suppose_v 3.8_o joh._n 3.8_o that_o any_o thing_n the_o creature_n perform_v shall_v lay_v the_o least_o obligation_n on_o sovereign_n free_a grace_n be_v it_o not_o a_o childish_a thing_n to_o suppose_v that_o the_o infinite_a ocean_n of_o independent_a grace_n shall_v ebb_v and_o slow_a according_a to_o the_o various_a change_n and_o condition_n of_o man_n free_a will_n that_o most_o mutable_a moon_n but_o that_o not_o only_o essicacious_a grace_n but_o all_o divine_a concourse_n be_v independent_a
and_o dependence_n of_o all_o second_o cause_n every_o be_v by_o participation_n be_v limit_v and_o where_o there_o be_v limit_n of_o essence_n there_o necessary_o be_v limit_n of_o activity_n and_o operation_n a_o creature_n can_v as_o well_o give_v be_v to_o itself_o as_o actuate_v itself_o independent_o as_o to_o the_o first_o cause_n whatever_o receive_v its_o be_v by_o participation_n receive_v also_o its_o operation_n in_o the_o same_o mode_n of_o participation_n dependence_n on_o god_n in_o operation_n be_v as_o essental_a and_o intrinsec_fw-la to_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o creature_n as_o dependence_n on_o god_n in_o essence_n and_o conservation_n of_o that_o essence_n yea_o it_o be_v no_o less_o than_o a_o implicit_a contradiction_n to_o say_v that_o a_o creature_n act_n without_o dependence_n on_o god_n for_o that_o act_n as_o suarez_n and_o other_o prove_v and_o the_o reason_n be_v most_o demonstrative_a for_o as_o aristotle_n tell_v we_o the_o mode_n of_o operate_n always_o follow_v the_o mode_n of_o essence_n if_o the_o essence_n depend_v on_o god_n for_o its_o production_n and_o conservation_n so_o must_v the_o operation_n whatever_o be_v a_o be_v by_o participation_n must_v also_o be_v a_o agent_n by_o participation_n yea_o the_o very_a act_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n be_v a_o be_v by_o participation_n and_o therefore_o it_o require_v the_o concourse_n and_o influx_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n for_o its_o production_n conservation_n and_o promotion_n 3_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n and_o its_o perfection_n if_o god_n concur_v not_o immediate_o to_o every_o act_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n he_o be_v not_o the_o universal_a cause_n of_o allthing_n neither_o be_v he_o omnipotent_a and_o most_o perfect_a for_o that_o very_a act_n be_v a_o real_a be_v or_o if_o you_o will_v a_o mode_n of_o be_v and_o so_o reducible_a to_o real_a entity_n it_o can_v be_v pure_a nothing_o because_o pure_a nothing_o can_v be_v the_o term_n or_o effect_v of_o a_o real_a production_n if_o then_o the_o act_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n be_v a_o real_a positive_a entity_n or_o mode_n and_o yet_o god_n not_o the_o first_o cause_n thereof_o than_o it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o god_n be_v not_o the_o universal_a cause_n of_o allthing_n neither_o be_v he_o omnipotent_a because_o he_o can_v produce_v that_o real_a act_n neither_o be_v he_o most_o perfect_a because_o there_o be_v something_o in_o nature_n physical_o perfect_a which_o he_o be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o dependence_n on_o god_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n albeit_o it_o imply_v something_o of_o imperfection_n in_o the_o creature_n as_o a_o creature_n yet_o it_o import_v perfection_n in_o god_n neither_o can_v his_o absolute_a perfection_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n be_v preserve_v and_o maintain_v without_o it_o 4_o from_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n if_o god_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n concur_v not_o immediate_o to_o all_o act_n of_o second_o cause_n how_o can_v he_o order_v direct_v and_o govern_v they_o so_o as_o they_o shall_v all_o determine_v in_o his_o own_o glory_n again_o how_o can_v he_o hinder_v such_o act_n as_o impugn_v his_o own_o end_n and_o design_n do_v not_o this_o antithesis_fw-la of_o durandus_fw-la and_o other_o who_o deny_v god_n to_o concur_v immediate_o to_o all_o act_n of_o second_o cause_n cut_v off_o the_o chief_a part_n of_o divine_a providence_n which_o consist_v in_o the_o order_n and_o direct_v all_o human_a act_n for_o his_o own_o glory_n 2._o prop._n god_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n immediate_o concur_v not_o only_o to_o the_o act_n but_o also_o the_o second_o cause_n itself_o and_o its_o will_n if_o it_o be_v a_o free_a agent_n self_n god_n immediate_o concur_v to_o second_o cause_n self_n this_o proposition_n may_v be_v demonstrate_v 1_o by_o all_o the_o fore_n mention_v argument_n which_o prove_v god_n immediate_a concourse_n to_o the_o act_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n for_o every_o efficient_a cause_n produce_v in_o a_o subject_a a_o act_n connatural_a to_o the_o power_n of_o he_o subject_n must_v needs_o influence_n and_o actuate_v that_o power_n wherefore_o god_n the_o first_o cause_n produce_v in_o the_o will_n of_o man_n a_o act_n connatural_a thereto_o must_v necessary_o actuate_v and_o influence_n the_o say_a will_n in_o such_o a_o production_n 2_o that_o god_n immediate_a concourse_n reach_v the_o human_a will_n and_o not_o only_o its_o act_n be_v evident_a because_o it_o determine_v the_o will_n to_o act_v for_o grant_v but_o this_o that_o the_o human_a will_n be_v not_o the_o first_o cause_n of_o its_o own_o act_n but_o dependent_a on_o god_n for_o the_o production_n thereof_o which_o the_o jesuit_n grant_v it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v actuate_v and_o determine_v by_o god_n in_o all_o its_o acts._n it_o be_v true_a the_o human_a will_n be_v a_o free_a agent_n and_o so_o a_o self-determining_a power_n but_o yet_o this_o hinder_v not_o but_o that_o it_o be_v also_o determine_v by_o god_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n god_n determine_v the_o will_n to_o determine_v it_o self_n as_o he_o move_v the_o will_n to_o move_v itself_o if_o god_n do_v not_o determine_v and_o move_v the_o will_n it_o can_v not_o determine_v and_o move_v itself_o 3_o sacred_a philosophy_n be_v express_v herein_o that_o god_n work_v immediate_o on_o the_o will_n as_o well_o as_o on_o its_o act_n and_o effect_n so_o philip._n 2.13_o god_n be_v say_v to_o work_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o will_n and_o to_o do_v and_o how_o can_v he_o work_v to_o will_n unless_o he_o work_v upon_o the_o will_n can_v there_o be_v any_o way_n assign_v how_o god_n shall_v work_v to_o will_n and_o yet_o not_o immediate_o determine_v and_o move_v the_o will_n 10._o psal_n 139.9_o 10._o so_o psal_n 139.9_o 10._o if_o i_o take_v the_o wing_n of_o the_o morning_n i.e._n sly_a most_o swift_o as_o the_o morning_n and_o dwell_v in_o the_o utmost_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n even_o there_o shall_v thy_o hand_n lead_v i_o and_o thy_o right_a hand_n shall_v hold_v i_o his_o mind_n be_v that_o he_o can_v fly_v from_o the_o immediate_a presence_n of_o god_n because_o wherever_o he_o go_v his_o immediate_a hand_n or_o concourse_n must_v lead_v he_o to_o lead_v a_o man_n by_o the_o hand_n and_o to_o hold_v he_o here_o denote_v god_n immediate_a concourse_n on_o the_o will_n and_o its_o acts._n 3._o prop._n god_n concur_v immediate_o to_o the_o effect_n by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o act_n with_o the_o second_o cause_n same_o the_o act_n of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o cause_n the_o same_o for_o the_o explication_n of_o this_o proposition_n we_o be_v to_o note_v that_o the_o causation_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n be_v not_o the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o second_o but_o only_o the_o action_n whereby_o the_o first_o and_o second_o cause_n concur_v to_o the_o production_n of_o the_o effect_n for_o albeit_o the_o influx_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n be_v distinct_a from_o that_o of_o the_o second_o yet_o the_o act_n whereby_o the_o first_o and_o second_o cause_n produce_v the_o effect_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o arbitrio_fw-la duo_o individuo_fw-la opere_fw-la operantes_fw-la necessario_fw-la agant_fw-la unum_fw-la &_o idem_fw-la cùm_fw-la indivisa_fw-la sit_fw-la corum_fw-la actio_fw-la si_fw-la autem_fw-la agerent_fw-la diversis_fw-la actionibus_fw-la oporteret_fw-la operata_fw-la esse_fw-la divisa_fw-la ficut_fw-la è_fw-la contrà _fw-la actio_fw-la indivisa_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la sacere_fw-la divisa_fw-la opera_fw-la grossetesle_n de_fw-fr libero_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la this_o be_v incomparable_o well_o demonstrate_v by_o our_o learned_a and_o great_a grosseteste_a bishop_n of_o lincoln_n in_o his_o tractate_n de_fw-fr libero_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la in_o m._n ss_z where_o he_o acute_o prove_v that_o the_o action_n of_o god_n and_o the_o second_o cause_n whereby_o the_o effect_n be_v produce_v can_v be_v deverse_n because_o the_o effect_n be_v but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o which_o proceed_v total_o from_o god_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n and_o total_o from_o the_o second_o cause_n as_o hereafter_o prop._n 4._o for_o the_o more_o full_a explication_n whereof_o we_o must_v distinguish_v between_o the_o active_a and_o passive_a efficience_n of_o god_n god_n active_a efficience_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o immanent_a efficacious_a act_n of_o his_o will_n which_o without_o all_o peradventure_o differ_v infinite_o from_o the_o efficience_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n yet_o god_n passive_a efficience_n as_o it_o relate_v to_o the_o act_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n be_v not_o real_o distinct_a therefrom_o for_o it_o be_v no_o way_n incongruous_a or_o inconsistent_a that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o act_n proceed_v from_o two_o different_a total_a cause_n of_o different_a kind_n such_o as_o the_o first_o and_o second_o cause_n be_v whence_o it_o follow_v that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o act_n both_o of_o first_o and_o second_o cause_n
and_o absolute_a may_v be_v prove_v by_o these_o invincible_a reason_n 1_o from_o the_o independence_n of_o the_o divine_a will_n the_o first_o cause_n of_o allthing_n the_o first_o cause_n according_a to_o sacred_a and_o platonic_a philosophy_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d without_o all_o cause_n and_o dependence_n thus_o plato_n repub._n 6._o p._n 509._o where_n bring_v in_o god_n under_o the_o notion_n of_o the_o chief_a good_a and_o the_o first_o cause_n of_o allthing_n he_o give_v he_o this_o character_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d he_o be_v not_o mere_a essence_n but_o somewhat_o more_o august_n than_o essence_n transcend_v all_o finite_a essence_n both_o in_o dignity_n and_o virtue_n so_o elsewhere_o he_o make_v god_n to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o supreme_a effective_a cause_n of_o allthing_n and_o therefore_o independent_a as_o to_o all_o subservient_fw-fr instrumental_a cause_n yea_o he_o will_v have_v god_n the_o first_o cause_n to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v itself_o and_o eternity_n itself_o and_o thence_o no_o way_n dependent_a on_o second_o cause_n and_o the_o platoniste_n general_o make_v god_n to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d superessential_a and_o so_o most_o independent_a and_o alas_o how_o absurd_a and_o monstrose_n be_v it_o that_o the_o concourse_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n shall_v depend_v on_o the_o second_o cause_n be_v not_o the_o divine_a will_n the_o first_o effective_a principe_n of_o allthing_n the_o same_o with_o the_o divine_a essence_n may_v we_o not_o then_o as_o well_o make_v the_o essence_n of_o god_n to_o be_v dependent_a as_o his_o wil._n 2_o from_o the_o pure_a actuality_n and_o simplicity_n of_o the_o divine_a wil._n all_o dependence_n imply_v a_o passive_a receptive_a power_n as_o to_o that_o on_o which_o it_o depend_v there_o be_v no_o dependence_n without_o some_o passive_a power_n either_o physic_n or_o metaphysic_n but_o now_o god_n will_v as_o it_o be_v the_o effective_a principe_n of_o allthing_n have_v not_o the_o least_o passive_a power_n therefore_o no_o dependence_n 3_o from_o the_o primatie_n and_o superiority_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n thus_o damascene_fw-la orthod_n fid._n l._n 2._o c._n 1._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d god_n sole_o be_v without_o principe_n or_o independent_a he_o be_v the_o framer_n of_o allthing_n etc._n etc._n god_n be_v the_o first_o cause_n of_o allthing_n must_v necessary_o be_v independent_a in_o his_o causalitie_n and_o essence_n for_o where_o there_o be_v dependence_n there_o be_v inferioritie_n and_o subordination_n and_o may_v we_o presume_v that_o the_o concourse_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n be_v inferior_a and_o subordinate_a to_o that_o of_o the_o second_o cause_n do_v it_o amount_v to_o less_o than_o a_o contradiction_n to_o say_v the_o first_o cause_n depend_v on_o or_o be_v subordinate_a to_o the_o second_o cause_n what!_o can_v it_o be_v first_o and_o yet_o subordinate_a what_o be_v this_o but_o to_o be_v first_o and_o yet_o not_o first_o but_o second_o for_o dependence_n and_o subordination_n be_v a_o effential_a mode_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n as_o independence_n of_o the_o first_o 4_o as_o the_o concourse_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n be_v independent_a so_o also_o absolute_a yea_o therefore_o absolute_a because_o independent_a for_o that_o which_o depend_v on_o nothing_o without_o itself_o must_v needs_o be_v absolute_a that_o the_o concourse_n of_o god_n be_v absolute_a and_o no_o way_n dependent_a on_o any_o condition_n of_o the_o subject_n or_o object_v it_o work_v upon_o special_o as_o to_o gratiose_fw-la effect_n be_v most_o evident_a from_o sacred_a philosophy_n 10._o eph._n 2.8_o 9_o 10._o so_o ephes_n 2.8_o 9_o 10._o he_o say_v v._o 8._o for_o by_o grace_n you_o be_v save_v through_o faith_n and_o that_o not_o of_o yourselves_o it_o be_v the_o gift_n of_o god_n it_o be_v true_a it_o work_v through_o faith_n but_o yet_o not_o as_o a_o condition_n in_o the_o power_n of_o freewill_a to_o perform_v but_o only_o as_o faith_n be_v the_o organ_n or_o canal_n through_o which_o medicinal_a grace_n be_v convey_v into_o the_o soul_n the_o whole_a be_v the_o gift_n of_o god_n and_o why_o v._o 9_o not_o of_o work_n lest_o any_o one_o shall_v boast_v as_o if_o he_o have_v say_v alas_o if_o this_o medicinal_a grace_n shall_v be_v suspend_v on_o any_o moral_a or_o evangelic_a condition_n to_o be_v perform_v by_o we_o than_o there_o be_v indeed_o room_n for_o boast_v which_o christ_n will_v not_o allow_v of_o be_v the_o derivation_n of_o the_o fountain_n suspend_v on_o any_o condition_n the_o stream_n can_v perform_v do_v not_o the_o stream_n owe_v all_o that_o it_o have_v to_o the_o free_a independent_a and_o absolute_a communication_n of_o the_o spring_n thence_o it_o follow_v v._o 10._o for_o we_o be_v his_o workmanship_n create_v in_o or_o by_o christ_n jesus_n unto_o good_a work_n i_o e._n look_v as_o god_n create_v and_o form_v the_o first_o rude_a confuse_a chaos_n not_o for_o any_o foresee_a goodness_n in_o it_o but_o out_o of_o a_o pure_a nothing_o so_o christ_n frame_v the_o new_a creature_n not_o for_o any_o foresee_a condition_n it_o can_v perform_v but_o unto_o all_o condition_n or_o good_a work_n as_o esa_n 19.25_o we_o have_v a_o excellent_a discourse_n against_o conditional_a grace_n in_o jansenius_n august_n tom._n 3._o l._n 2._o c._n 24._o pag._n 83._o by_o the_o predication_n of_o this_o conditional_a grace_n which_o enable_v we_o to_o act_v if_o we_o will_v there_o be_v nothing_o gain_v but_o the_o total_a subversion_n of_o christ_n medicinal_a grace_n and_o the_o substitute_n in_o the_o room_n thereof_o the_o grace_n of_o a_o sound_n will_n such_o as_o adam_n have_v and_o angel_n now_o have_v and_o thus_o christ_n have_v die_v in_o vain_a for_o the_o proper_a grace_n of_o christ_n which_o he_o by_o his_o passion_n have_v bring_v to_o heal_v our_o infirmity_n 3._o gratia_n medicinalis_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la talis_fw-la quae_fw-la dominatrici_fw-la samulando_fw-la voluntati_fw-la vel_fw-la influit_fw-la vel_fw-la non_fw-la influit_fw-la prout_fw-la imperanti_fw-la seize_v determinare_fw-la vel_fw-la haerere_fw-la placet_fw-la sed_fw-la prorsus_fw-la talis_fw-la quae_fw-la simulac_fw-la pulsat_fw-la fores_fw-la rumpit_fw-la ostia_fw-la repugnantémque_fw-la domat_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la tollit_fw-la omnem_fw-la ejus_fw-la resistentiam_fw-la rapit_fw-la eam_fw-la secum_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la invita_fw-la volentem_fw-la ineffabili_fw-la svavitate_fw-la facit_fw-la jansen_n august_n tom._n 3._o be_v such_o as_o do_v not_o only_o work_v the_o effect_n if_o we_o will_v expect_v when_o our_o will_n will_v move_v but_o it_o enable_v we_o to_o will_v for_o herein_o lie_v the_o precise_a difference_n between_o a_o sound_n and_o sick_a wil._n that_o the_o influx_n and_o concourse_n of_o god_n be_v absolute_a may_v be_v demonstrate_v from_o the_o absurdity_n yea_o impossibility_n of_o a_o conditionate_n concourse_n in_o god_n how_o absurd_a be_v it_o to_o conceit_n that_o god_n will_v concur_v with_o the_o human_a will_n in_o the_o act_n of_o willing_a upon_o condition_n that_o it_o will_v yea_o how_o impossible_a be_v such_o a_o conditionate_n influx_n for_o if_o there_o be_v any_o condition_n require_v to_o god_n concourse_n than_o he_o concur_v to_o the_o work_n of_o that_o condition_n or_o not_o if_o not_o then_o there_o be_v some_o act_n of_o the_o creature_n produce_v without_o the_o divine_a concourse_n if_o god_n do_v concur_v to_o that_o condition_n then_o absolute_o or_o on_o some_o other_o condition_n if_o absolute_o than_o his_o former_a concourse_n be_v not_o conditionate_n for_o he_o that_o require_v any_o condition_n of_o his_o act_n and_o give_v that_o condition_n may_v be_v say_v to_o act_v absolute_o beside_o if_o god_n concur_v absolute_o to_o the_o late_a condition_n why_o not_o also_o to_o the_o former_a act_n if_o god_n concur_v to_o the_o second_o condition_n conditionate_o then_o also_o to_o the_o three_o etc._n etc._n and_o thus_o there_o will_v be_v a_o door_n open_a to_o a_o progress_n into_o infinite_a which_o nature_n but_o much_o more_o the_o god_n of_o nature_n abhor_v hence_o 3._o god_n concourse_n be_v previous_a and_o antecedent_n antecedent_n god_n concourse_n previous_a and_o antecedent_n for_o the_o explication_n of_o this_o adjunct_n or_o mode_n of_o operation_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v that_o he_o priority_n here_o mean_v be_v not_o of_o time_n but_o of_o causalitie_n as_o the_o causalitie_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n be_v in_o order_n of_o nature_n antecedent_n to_o the_o causalitie_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n for_o therefore_o the_o second_o cause_n cooperate_v because_o the_o first_o cause_n operate_v the_o priority_n and_o antecedence_n of_o divine_a concourse_n be_v most_o evident_a in_o gratiose_fw-la operation_n and_o effect_n thus_o isidorus_n pelusiota_n lib._n 2._o epist_n 72._o edit_fw-la commelin_n 1605._o pag._n 121._o a_o evil_a tree_n say_v he_o can_v bring_v forth_o good_a fruit_n 7.18_o mat._n 7.18_o
be_v a_o great_a deep_a and_o psal_n 97.1_o the_o lord_n reign_v let_v the_o earth_n rejoice_v 2._o psal_n 97.1_o 2._o because_o all_o his_o judgement_n and_o execution_n of_o providence_n be_v most_o equal_a and_o righteous_a yet_o it_o follow_v v._o 2._o cloud_n and_o darkness_n be_v about_o he_o i_o e._n albeit_o his_o government_n be_v most_o righteous_a yet_o much_o darkness_n and_o mysterious_a providence_n attend_v it_o there_o be_v deep_a mystery_n in_o his_o providential_a procedure_v albeit_o righteousness_n and_o judgement_n be_v the_o habitation_n or_o establishment_n of_o his_o throne_n as_o it_o follow_v god_n providence_n be_v always_o matter_n of_o our_o admiration_n but_o not_o of_o our_o comprehension_n or_o imitation_n to_o measure_v providence_n by_o our_o shallow_a reason_n what_o be_v it_o but_o to_o set_v the_o sun_n by_o our_o false_a dial_n it_o be_v well_o observe_v in_o the_o life_n of_o padre_n paul_n p._n 114._o in_o the_o success_n of_o human_a thing_n divine_a providence_n be_v ever_o to_o be_v admire_v where_o human_a prudence_n vanish_v out_o of_o sight_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o in_o action_n there_o be_v a_o eternal_a force_n and_o a_o long_a chain_n of_o cause_n so_o far_o without_o we_o that_o neither_o our_o knowledge_n or_o any_o consideration_n of_o we_o can_v ever_o come_v near_o the_o work_n of_o providence_n be_v much_o like_o many_o curiose_fw-la piece_n of_o nature_n and_o art_n whereof_o we_o see_v the_o frame_n and_o operation_n but_o that_o which_o be_v the_o intern_a move_a principe_fw-la and_o give_v the_o great_a force_n to_o the_o operation_n we_o see_v not_o so_o in_o the_o work_n of_o providence_n we_o see_v the_o execution_n and_o effect_n but_o o_o how_o mysterious_a be_v the_o intern_a reason_n be_v there_o not_o a_o particular_a though_o mysterious_a providence_n order_v and_o direct_v the_o operation_n of_o every_o individual_a and_o single_a essence_n and_o be_v there_o not_o in_o every_o work_n of_o providence_n something_o divine_a which_o do_v puzzle_v the_o most_o sharp-sighted_a reason_n and_o have_v more_o in_o it_o than_o the_o most_o acute_a philosopher_n can_v discover_v and_o why_o be_v it_o that_o the_o most_o of_o man_n mistake_v and_o censure_v providence_n but_o because_o they_o cast_v their_o eye_n on_o some_o few_o particular_n but_o consider_v not_o the_o whole_a frame_n and_o complexe_v it_o be_v above_o our_o narrow_a capacity_n to_o contemplate_v the_o whole_a frame_n of_o providence_n and_o be_v not_o this_o the_o genuine_a reason_n why_o we_o misjudge_v and_o mistake_v the_o part_n that_o be_v not_o disorder_n in_o the_o whole_a which_o seem_v so_o in_o some_o one_o particular_a as_o in_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o watch._n these_o mysteriose_fw-la procedure_v of_o divine_a providence_n be_v well_o express_v by_o damascence_n orthod_n fid._n l._n 2._o c._n 29._o we_o must_v say_v he_o admire_v all_o the_o work_n of_o providence_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d albeit_o they_o may_v appear_v to_o many_o injust_a because_o divine_a providence_n be_v unknown_a and_o incomprehensible_a and_o our_o cogitation_n and_o action_n and_o thing_n future_a be_v know_v to_o it_o only_o thence_o he_o add_v towards_o the_o close_a of_o the_o chapter_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o we_o must_v know_v that_o there_o be_v many_o mode_n of_o the_o divine_a providence_n which_o can_v neither_o be_v explicate_v by_o speech_n nor_o comprehend_v by_o mind_n §_o 6._o providence_n the_o distribution_n of_o providence_n from_o the_o adjunct_n of_o divine_a providence_n we_o pass_v on_o to_o its_o various_a distribution_n which_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n modal_n only_o not_o specific_a as_o 1_o providence_n in_o regard_n of_o its_o object_n be_v distribute_v into_o general_n and_o special_a general_n providence_n be_v that_o which_o respect_n allthing_n in_o general_a special_a providence_n that_o which_o respect_n some_o under_o a_o special_a relation_n to_o god_n as_o his_o people_n 2_o providence_n in_o regard_n of_o its_o manner_n of_o work_v be_v distribute_v into_o mediate_v and_o immediate_a mediate_v providence_n be_v that_o wherein_o god_n make_v use_v of_o mean_n for_o the_o execution_n thereof_o of_o which_o before_o immediate_a providence_n be_v when_o god_n produce_v effect_n without_o the_o use_n of_o mean_n 3_o providence_n be_v distribute_v into_o ordinary_a and_o extraordinary_a ordinary_a providence_n be_v when_o god_n in_o the_o production_n and_o govern_n of_o thing_n observe_v that_o order_n which_o be_v constitute_v at_o first_o by_o himself_o extraordinary_a providence_n be_v when_o god_n in_o the_o production_n conservation_n or_o gubernation_n of_o thing_n break_v that_o natural_a order_n constitute_v by_o himself_o miracle_n of_o miracle_n the_o effect_n of_o such_o extraordinary_a providence_n be_v by_o a_o metonymy_n of_o the_o effect_n term_v miracle_n a_o miracle_n proper_o be_v a_o specimen_fw-la of_o creation_n because_o the_o constitute_v order_n of_o nature_n be_v break_v the_o mater_n have_v only_o a_o obediential_a power_n for_o the_o production_n of_o the_o effect_n hence_o nothing_o but_o omnipotence_n or_o infinite_a power_n can_v proper_o and_o physical_o in_o a_o way_n of_o principal_a efficience_n produce_v a_o miracle_n it_o be_v true_a the_o minister_n of_o god_n have_v when_o call_v to_o it_o by_o he_o be_v instrument_n of_o do_v miracle_n yet_o their_o concurrence_n or_o efficience_n be_v only_o moral_a and_o instrumental_a they_o wrought_v all_o in_o the_o name_n of_o god_n in_o a_o way_n of_o faith_n and_o dependence_n on_o he_o and_o for_o the_o manifestation_n of_o his_o glory_n wherefore_o our_o lord_n christ_n by_o work_a miracle_n in_o his_o own_o name_n and_o authority_n without_o any_o moral_a dependence_n on_o another_o give_v a_o evident_a conviction_n and_o demonstration_n of_o his_o being_n god_n for_o no_o creature_n can_v work_v a_o miracle_n by_o its_o own_o principal_a and_o physical_a efficience_n no_o this_o be_v the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n and_o omnipotent_a deity_n because_o every_o miracle_n be_v educe_v out_o of_o nothing_o either_o as_o to_o the_o thing_n itself_o or_o at_o least_o as_o to_o the_o mode_n and_o manner_n of_o its_o be_v wrought_v in_o nature_n and_o according_a to_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o providence_n every_o passive_a power_n have_v a_o active_a power_n suit_v to_o it_o and_o by_o the_o application_n of_o active_n to_o passive_n the_o effect_n be_v produce_v where_o therefore_o there_o be_v a_o defect_n of_o passive_a or_o active_a power_n and_o yet_o the_o effect_n be_v produce_v that_o we_o call_v a_o miracle_n which_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v wrought_v out_o of_o nothing_o three_o manner_n of_o way_n 1_o when_o there_o be_v no_o substrate_a matter_n at_o all_o to_o work_v on_o 2_o if_o there_o be_v a_o substrate_n mater_fw-la yet_o when_o the_o matter_n be_v so_o inhabile_fw-la and_o unapt_a as_o that_o it_o have_v no_o natural_a passive_a power_n or_o capacity_n for_o such_o a_o effect_n or_o 3_o when_o there_o be_v a_o natural_a passive_a power_n and_o capacity_n in_o the_o substrate_a matter_n yet_o there_o want_v a_o active_a principe_n or_o efficient_a for_o the_o educe_a the_o effect_n out_o of_o that_o matter_n in_o all_o these_o regard_v a_o miracle_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v produce_v out_o of_o nothing_o and_o so_o the_o peculiar_a effect_n of_o divine_a extraordinary_a providence_n and_o indeed_o the_o very_a name_n both_o latin_a greek_a and_o hebrew_n import_v a_o power_n extraordinary_a and_o divine_a to_o let_v pass_v the_o origination_n of_o the_o latin_a which_o be_v obvious_a miracle_n be_v call_v by_o the_o greek_n 1_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o they_o be_v sign_n of_o the_o divine_a efficience_n and_o presence_n give_v for_o the_o succur_v of_o our_o faith_n 2_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d power_n as_o they_o be_v manifestation_n and_o demonstration_n of_o divine_a omnipotence_n which_o be_v most_o illustrious_a therein_o 3_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hebr._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d prodigy_n or_o tremendous_a sign_n such_o as_o not_o only_o ravish_v man_n into_o admiration_n but_o leave_v also_o a_o terror_n and_o astonish_a stupor_n on_o the_o mind_n so_o phavorinus_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o prodigy_n be_v a_o thing_n that_o leave_v a_o astonishment_n on_o the_o beholder_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o miracle_n that_o be_v wrought_v whence_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v deduce_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d q._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o which_o terrefy_v and_o astonish_v all_o which_o note_n that_o miracle_n be_v the_o peculiar_a effect_n of_o extraordinary_a providence_n the_o former_a distribution_n of_o providence_n seem_v only_a modal_n god_n providential_a conservation_n proper_a to_o god_n its_o formal_a essential_a and_o specific_a distribution_n be_v into_o conservative_n and_o
imagination_n can_v make_v the_o law_n of_o god_n neither_o great_a nor_o lesser_a neither_o can_v it_o add_v to_o or_o diminish_v from_o the_o law_n of_o god_n god_n commandment_n be_v as_o great_a as_o himself_o such_o be_v the_o amplitude_n of_o the_o moral_a law_n as_o the_o immutable_a universal_a rule_n of_o moral_a bonitie_n §_o 3._o have_v consider_v the_o measure_n and_o rule_n of_o moral_a bonitie_n good_n the_o part_n and_o cause_n of_o moral_a good_n we_o now_o pass_v on_o to_o examine_v the_o nature_n and_o cause_n thereof_o it_o be_v before_o suggest_v that_o all_o moral_a bonitie_n require_v a_o plenitude_n of_o be_v and_o integrity_n of_o cause_n albeit_o any_o defect_n render_v a_o action_n moral_o evil_a this_o canon_n hold_v true_a whatever_o distribution_n we_o give_v the_o cause_n of_o moral_a bonitie_n jansenius_n in_o imitation_n of_o augustine_n make_v two_o essential_a constitutive_a part_n of_o all_o moral_a good_a 1_o the_o office_n or_o mater_n of_o the_o act_n which_o he_o make_v to_o be_v as_o the_o corpse_n and_o the_o end_n which_o he_o make_v to_o be_v as_o the_o form_n that_o specify_v 2_o plato_n in_o his_o theaetetus_n pag._n 187._o and_o arist._n eth._n l._n 2._o c._n 4._o seem_v to_o distribute_v moral_a good_a into_o the_o good_a deed_n do_v and_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o welldoing_a of_o it_o i.e._n into_o bonum_fw-la and_o bene._n the_o good_a deed-done_a be_v as_o the_o matter_n and_o the_o be_v or_o welldoing_a of_o it_o as_o the_o form_n 3_o other_o according_a to_o the_o aristotelian_a distribution_n of_o the_o cause_n make_v four_o cause_n of_o all_o moral_a good_a the_o mater_n efficient_a end_v and_o form_n albeit_o i_o judge_v this_o distribution_n of_o cause_n as_o to_o natural_n every_o way_n absurd_a and_o that_o which_o can_v never_o be_v defend_v because_o it_o make_v the_o same_o thing_n both_o constitutive_a part_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o yet_o also_o cause_n thereof_o so_o that_o it_o hence_o follow_v the_o matter_n and_o form_n be_v cause_n of_o themselves_o which_o constitute_v the_o whole_a yet_o in_o moral_n where_o the_o cause_n need_v not_o such_o a_o accurate_a distinction_n from_o the_o part_n we_o may_v admit_v this_o distribution_n or_o else_o we_o may_v take_v the_o matter_n and_o form_n as_o part_n and_o the_o efficient_a and_o end_n as_o cause_n of_o moral_a good_n this_o be_v the_o commun_n and_o receive_v distribution_n i_o be_o not_o scrupulose_a in_o follow_v the_o same_o yet_o so_o as_o not_o to_o exclude_v the_o two_o former_a division_n 1._o good_n the_o mater_n of_o moral_a good_n if_o we_o reflect_v on_o the_o mater_n of_o moral_a good_a it_o comprehend_v all_o human_a act_n with_o the_o object_n and_o circumstance_n relate_v thereto_o whether_o thing_n necessary_a or_o indifferent_a it_o be_v true_a as_o to_o the_o circumstance_n of_o moral_a good_a there_o be_v some_o that_o relate_v to_o the_o form_n other_o to_o the_o efficient_a and_o end_n yet_o some_o also_o that_o regard_n the_o matter_n the_o matter_n of_o every_o good_a action_n be_v either_o good_a or_o indifferent_a it_o be_v good_a when_o command_v by_o and_o conform_v to_o the_o moral_a law_n the_o measure_n of_o objective_a goodness_n as_o before_o it_o be_v indifferent_a when_o neither_o good_a nor_o evil_a but_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n between_o both_o here_o that_o which_o chief_o require_v a_o examen_fw-la and_o discussion_n be_v the_o nature_n of_o thing_n indifferent_a which_o so_o far_o as_o it_o may_v concern_v moral_a good_a we_o shall_v inquire_v into_o plato_n in_o his_o gorgias_n indifferent_a thing_n indifferent_a call_v a_o thing_n indifferent_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d neither_o good_a nor_o evil_a but_o a_o middle_n between_o these_o so_o diogenes_n the_o cynic_n teach_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o thing_n between_o virtue_n and_o vice_n be_v indifferent_a and_o the_o stoic_n hold_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o thing_n some_o be_v good_a some_o bad_a some_o neither_o good_a nor_o bad_a i._n e._n indifferent_a these_o neuter_n or_o thing_n indifferent_a they_o say_v be_v such_o as_o neither_o profit_v nor_o do_v hurt_v again_o they_o affirm_v that_o thing_n may_v be_v term_v indifferent_a two_o way_n 1_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n such_o thing_n as_o pertein_a not_o either_o to_o felicity_n or_o misery_n as_o riches_n glory_n etc._n etc._n 2_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n such_o thing_n as_o man_n act_n neither_o with_o a_o impetus_fw-la nor_o aversation_n as_o the_o extend_v the_o finger_n or_o number_v the_o hair_n of_o the_o head_n etc._n etc._n as_o laertius_n in_o zeno._n but_o the_o more_o full_o to_o explicate_v the_o nature_n of_o thing_n indifferent_a we_o be_v to_o consider_v that_o thing_n be_v say_v in_o the_o general_a to_o be_v indifferent_a which_o in_o themselves_o be_v neither_o good_a nor_o evil_a but_o equal_o incline_v to_o either_o now_o this_o indifference_n of_o action_n or_o thing_n may_v be_v consider_v physical_o or_o moral_o according_a to_o the_o generic_a specific_a or_o individual_a nature_n of_o action_n and_o thing_n 1._o if_o we_o consider_v action_n and_o thing_n in_o genere_fw-la &_o abstracto_fw-la genere_fw-la physic_n indifference_n in_o genere_fw-la in_o their_o generic_a abstract_n nature_n without_o the_o supervenient_a determination_n of_o the_o moral_a law_n so_o they_o be_v in_o themselves_o naked_o consider_v indifferent_a for_o allthing_n physical_o consider_v without_o their_o moral_a estimation_n and_o respect_n to_o the_o law_n be_v neither_o moral_o good_a nor_o evil_n thus_o all_o our_o thought_n word_n and_o action_n naked_o and_o physical_o consider_v without_o respect_n to_o the_o moral_a law_n which_o be_v the_o rule_n and_o measure_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a be_v say_v to_o be_v indifferent_a 2._o action_n and_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o be_v indifferent_a in_o specie_fw-la specie_fw-la moral_a indifference_n in_o specie_fw-la when_o the_o matter_n of_o they_o be_v neither_o command_v nor_o forbid_v by_o the_o moral_a law_n for_o as_o allthing_n be_v of_o god_n through_o god_n and_o for_o god_n so_o it_o belong_v to_o his_o regal_a will_n to_o give_v moral_a or_o spiritual_a determination_n to_o they_o whereby_o they_o be_v make_v good_a or_o evil_n in_o specie_fw-la as_o to_o the_o matter_n of_o they_o neither_o can_v any_o create_v limit_v power_n make_v that_o which_o be_v good_a evil_a or_o that_o which_o be_v evil_a good_a or_o that_o which_o be_v indifferent_a good_a or_o evil_n except_o on_o supposition_n of_o predetermination_n from_o he_o who_o be_v creator_n of_o all_o have_v a_o absolute_a dominion_n over_o al._n every_o creature_n have_v term_n to_o its_o essence_n have_v also_o term_n to_o its_o dominion_n and_o operation_n a_o limit_a cause_n must_v necessary_o have_v a_o limit_a power_n and_o activity_n except_o man_n have_v be_v of_o himself_o and_o a_o world_n of_o his_o own_o frame_n he_o can_v not_o be_v a_o rule_n to_o himself_o for_o the_o determination_n of_o his_o action_n but_o must_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o law_n of_o his_o maker_n for_o the_o specific_a nature_n or_o quality_n of_o his_o act_n as_o good_a 167._o quando_fw-la dicimus_fw-la dari_fw-la actus_fw-la indifferentes_fw-la quoad_fw-la speciem_fw-la qui_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la boni_fw-la nec_fw-la mali_fw-la id_fw-la intelligendum_fw-la est_fw-la negatiué_fw-fr petr._n à _fw-it sancto_fw-it joseph_n thes_n 167._o or_o evil_a or_o indifferent_a thence_o a_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o be_v moral_o indifferent_a in_o specie_fw-la when_o it_o be_v neither_o command_v nor_o forbid_v by_o god_n and_o so_o neither_o good_a nor_o evil_a for_o all_o moral_a determination_n arise_v from_o the_o divine_a will_n express_v in_o the_o moral_a law_n whence_o it_o appear_v evident_a that_o the_o reason_n of_o good_a and_o evil_n be_v not_o eternal_a as_o some_o platonist_n will_v fain_o persuade_v we_o but_o dependent_a on_o the_o divine_a will_n and_o determination_n for_o allthing_n be_v therefore_o good_a or_o evil_n in_o specie_fw-la because_o so_o determine_v by_o the_o sovereign_a will_n promulgate_v in_o the_o natural_a or_o moral_a law_n whence_o also_o we_o may_v easy_o perceive_v the_o danger_n of_o that_o commun_n notion_n among_o some_o divine_n that_o something_n be_v good_a because_o command_v other_o thing_n be_v command_v because_o good_a indeed_o this_o maxim_n may_v be_v of_o use_n to_o express_v the_o difference_n between_o moral_n and_o positive_a precept_n with_o this_o limitation_n that_o positive_a precept_n which_o regard_n worship_n etc._n etc._n be_v good_a because_o command_v but_o moral_a precept_n be_v command_v because_o good_a i._n e._n agreeable_a to_o human_a nature_n not_o that_o they_o have_v any_o moral_a goodness_n antecedent_n to_o the_o divine_a will_n and_o determination_n hence_o 3._o individuo_fw-la no_o action_n
etc._n but_o that_o god_n be_v without_o cause_n without_o end_n sempiterne_a and_o e4ternal_a increate_v immutable_a inalterable_a simple_a incomposite_a incorporeous_a invisible_a intangible_a incircumscripte_n infinite_a incomprehensible_a good_a just_a ommipotent_a the_o opificer_n of_o all_o creature_n comprehensive_a of_o allthing_n provident_a of_o allthing_n the_o supreme_a sovereign_n and_o judge_n we_o both_o acknowledge_v and_o confess_v also_o that_o god_n be_v one_o namely_o in_o unity_n of_o essence_n which_o be_v know_v in_o three_o person_n father_n son_n and_o holy_a spirit_n etc._n etc._n §_o 3._o the_o first_o attribute_n that_o occur_v for_o explication_n of_o the_o divine_a be_v be_v unity_n unity_n the_o divine_a unity_n whereof_o we_o find_v great_a and_o lively_a notice_n both_o in_o sacred_a and_o platonic_a philosophy_n thus_o moses_n deut._n 6.4_o 6.4_o deut._n 6.4_o hear_v o_o israel_n the_o lord_n our_o god_n be_v one_o lord_n mose_n here_o first_o call_v for_o their_o solemn_a attention_n and_o then_o lay_v down_o his_o assertion_n touch_v the_o unity_n of_o the_o divine_a essence_n which_o he_o seem_v to_o bottom_n on_o the_o very_a name_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d subjoin_v as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o predicate_v denote_v that_o he_o who_o be_v the_o first_o independent_a essence_n and_o essentiator_n of_o allthing_n can_v be_v but_o one_o thus_o frequent_o in_o the_o n._n t._n mar._n 12.32_o rom._n 3.29_o 30._o 1_o tim._n 2.5_o etc._n etc._n and_o we_o find_v much_o in_o platonic_a philosophy_n of_o the_o same_o import_n thus_o plato_n in_o his_o parmenides_n where_o he_o lay_v down_o his_o prime_a metaphysic_n philosopheme_v pag._n 142._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n if_o there_o be_v one_o can_v it_o possible_o be_v but_o that_o it_o shall_v part_n ache_v of_o essence_n where_o he_o seem_v to_o make_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ens_fw-la &_o unum_fw-la convertible_a namely_o that_o ens_fw-la be_v one_o and_o one_o ens._n so_o he_o conclude_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o one_o always_o embrace_v ens_fw-la and_o ens_fw-la one_o with_o mutual_a embrace_n his_o plain_a naked_a mind_n be_v that_o the_o first_o be_v and_o one_o admit_v of_o reciprocation_n i._n e._n god_n the_o first_o be_v be_v the_o prime_a unity_n aristotle_n also_o and_o his_o sectator_n make_v ens_fw-la and_o vnum_fw-la convertible_fw-fr but_o in_o a_o far_o different_a manner_n from_o plato_n who_o understand_v both_o of_o god_n thus_o also_o pythagoras_n hold_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o unity_n be_v the_o first_o principe_fw-la of_o allthing_n it_o be_v true_a plato_n as_o other_o make_v mention_n of_o many_o god_n yet_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v from_o the_o authority_n of_o their_o ancestor_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o severity_n of_o law_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d without_o demonstration_n or_o oriental_a tradition_n yea_o he_o confess_v that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d polytheisme_n be_v repugnant_a to_o right_a reason_n and_o this_o he_o learn_v from_o his_o master_n socrates_n who_o be_v so_o zelose_a and_o warm_a in_o this_o particular_a that_o he_o be_v content_a to_o suffer_v a_o pagan_a martyrdom_n for_o the_o avouch_v the_o unity_n of_o god_n against_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o athenian_n plutarch_n on_o the_o inscription_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d e_o 1_o thou_o be_v engrave_v on_o the_o door_n of_o the_o delphic_a temple_n assure_v we_o that_o the_o ancient_a name_n give_v unto_o god_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d e_o 1_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d en_fw-fr thou_o art_fw-la one_o for_o there_o can_v be_v many_o god_n but_o one_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d one_o ought_v to_o be_v be_v as_o be_v one_o for_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d diversity_n or_o alteritie_n be_v place_v with_o the_o difference_n of_o be_v but_o one_o be_v sincere_a and_o without_o mixture_n for_o by_o the_o mixture_n of_o another_o with_o another_o a_o thing_n be_v make_v compound_n and_o impure_a wherein_o he_o strong_o prove_v that_o god_n can_v be_v but_o one_o because_o a_o pure_a necessary_a absolute_a be_v or_o act_n without_o mixture_n and_o composition_n plutarch_n also_o in_o the_o life_n of_o numa_n pompilius_n assure_v we_o that_o some_o learned_a roman_n and_o that_o not_o without_o cause_n do_v attribute_v the_o order_n of_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n of_o man_n life_n to_o one_o self-god_n and_o power_n divine_a so_o laertius_n in_o the_o life_n of_o zeno_n inform_v we_o that_o the_o stoic_n hold_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o there_o be_v one_o god_n call_v by_o diverse_a name_n according_a to_o his_o propriety_n or_o attribute_n and_o operation_n thus_o seneca_n there_o be_v so_o many_o name_n of_o god_n as_o there_o be_v office_n hence_o they_o style_v their_o jupiter_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n not_o that_o they_o intend_v to_o assert_v many_o deity_n but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o deity_n with_o regard_n to_o his_o various_a opertion_n so_o aristotle_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr mundo_fw-la confess_v there_o be_v but_o one_o god_n call_v by_o diverse_a name_n from_o his_o effect_n thus_o also_o augustin_n de_fw-fr civit._n l._n 7._o c._n 11._o all_o these_o name_n they_o impose_v on_o the_o one_o god_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o diverse_a power_n and_o causality_n not_o that_o from_o the_o diversity_n of_o effect_n they_o assert_v diverse_a go_n and_o that_o almost_o all_o the_o learned_a philosopher_n assert_v one_o god_n be_v maintain_v by_o suarez_n metaph._n disp_n 30._o sect_n 10._o pag._n 97._o as_o for_o rational_a argument_n the_o unity_n of_o god_n may_v be_v thus_o demonstrate_v 1_o that_o there_o be_v a_o god_n who_o be_v a_o necessary_a independent_a be_v have_v be_v already_o prove_v hence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o he_o can_v be_v but_o one_o for_o a_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a and_o from_o itself_o have_v a_o necessity_n of_o be_v so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v singular_a therefore_o it_o be_v not_o multiplicable_a or_o more_o than_o one_o for_o if_o a_o singular_a be_v not_o multiplicable_a then_o whatever_o agree_v to_o any_o thing_n as_o singular_a admit_v not_o of_o multiplicabilitie_n that_o a_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a and_o independent_a have_v its_o necessity_n of_o be_v as_o singular_a be_v evident_a because_o singularity_n be_v essential_a and_o necessary_a to_o a_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a as_o such_o for_o a_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a be_v such_o so_o far_o as_o in_o act_n and_o it_o be_v in_o act_n as_o singular_a whence_o singularity_n intrinsical_o and_o essential_o belong_v thereto_o as_o suarez_n metaph._n disp_n 30._o sect_n 10._o thus_o the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n de_fw-fr fundament_n l._n 2._o c._n 6._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n there_o be_v therefore_o in_o the_o world_n a_o be_v necessary_o exist_v of_o itself_o which_o have_v no_o cause_n nor_o equal_a see_v it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o allthing_n from_o which_o their_o substance_n and_o existence_n be_v but_o his_o existence_n depend_v not_o on_o any_o thing_n without_o himself_o this_o be_v the_o bless_a god_n who_o be_v therefore_o one_o because_o a_o ens_fw-la necessary_o exist_v 2_o again_o if_o there_o be_v two_o or_o more_o god_n then_o they_o be_v all_o infinite_a independent_a and_o self-being_n or_o some_o produce_v and_o finite_a the_o first_o imply_v a_o coutradiction_n because_o there_o can_v be_v many_o infinite_n the_o late_a also_o because_o such_o being_n shall_v be_v produce_v by_o real_a efficience_n and_o yet_o eternal_a also_o essential_o diverse_a from_o the_o first_o be_v that_o produce_v they_o and_o yet_o equal_a because_o god_n 3_o that_o which_o be_v most_o singular_o perfect_a self-sufficient_a and_o infinite_a can_v be_v but_o one_o for_o if_o there_o be_v two_o thing_n or_o more_o singular_o perfect_a and_o infinite_a then_o they_o will_v differ_v real_o or_o be_v the_o same_o if_o the_o same_o than_o they_o be_v not_o two_o if_o they_o real_o differ_v than_o one_o have_v somewhat_o which_o the_o other_o have_v not_o if_o so_o then_o neither_o be_v most_o singular_o perfect_a and_o infinite_a for_o infinite_a comprehende_v all_o perfection_n thus_o damascene_fw-la orthodox_n fid._n l._n 1._o c._n 5._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n the_o divinity_n be_v perfect_a and_o indeficient_a every_o way_n if_o then_o we_o assert_v many_o god_n they_o must_v be_v different_a but_o if_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n among_o they_o where_o be_v their_o perfection_n for_o if_o one_o be_v different_a either_o in_o bonitie_n wisdom_n virtue_n etc._n etc._n he_o so_o far_o come_v short_a of_o perfection_n see_v more_o of_o god_n unity_n aquinas_n contra_fw-la gent._n l._n 1._o c._n 42._o §_o 4._o next_o to_o the_o unity_n of_o god_n
impartible_a and_o boniforme_a in_o thing_n partible_a variate_a as_o to_o operation_n and_o distribute_v whatever_o be_v constitutive_a of_o proper_a nature_n it_o remain_v simple_a i._n e._n albeit_o it_o act_v various_o according_a to_o the_o indigence_n of_o its_o subject_n yet_o it_o remain_v invariable_a and_o simple_a hence_o 10_o we_o must_v with_o plato_n deny_v that_o god_n the_o most_o simple_a be_v may_v be_v style_v a_o whole_a because_o he_o can_v in_o no_o regard_n be_v say_v to_o have_v part_n the_o absolute_a simplicity_n of_o god_n may_v be_v demonstrate_v 1_o from_o the_o perfection_n of_o god_n demonstrate_v the_o simplicity_n of_o god_n demonstrate_v all_o part_n as_o part_n be_v finite_a incomplete_a and_o imperfect_a again_o every_o whole_a be_v dependent_a both_o on_o its_o cause_n and_o on_o the_o part_n whereof_o it_o be_v compose_v but_o there_o be_v nothing_o incomplete_a or_o dependent_a in_o god_n because_o he_o be_v most_o perfect_a moreover_o all_o part_n be_v in_o order_n of_o nature_n before_o the_o whole_a and_o therefore_o need_v some_o bond_n of_o union_n to_o knit_v they_o together_o but_o god_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d without_o all_o cause_n priority_n or_o posterioritie_n last_o in_o every_o kind_a thing_n be_v by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o noble_a and_o perfect_a by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o simple_a they_o be_v wherefore_o god_n be_v the_o most_o perfect_a be_v must_v needs_o be_v most_o simple_a 2_o from_o the_o unity_n of_o god_n this_o argument_n plato_n use_v as_o before_o so_o parmenid_v pag._n 144._o we_o do_v not_o therefore_o speak_v true_o even_o now_o when_o we_o say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o essence_n i._n e._n god_n be_v divide_v into_o many_o part_n for_o he_o can_v be_v divide_v into_o more_o than_o one_o for_o unto_o he_o all_o as_o it_o be_v most_o consentaneous_a be_v equal_a neither_o be_v be_v want_v to_o unity_n neither_o unity_n to_o be_v i._n e._n god_n but_o these_o two_o be_v altogether_o equal_a wherein_o he_o prove_v the_o simplicity_n of_o god_n from_o his_o unity_n and_o it_o may_v be_v thus_o improve_v unity_n be_v general_o describe_v negative_o by_o indivision_n in_o regard_n of_o itself_o and_o division_n from_o other_o thing_n now_o the_o divine_a essence_n be_v most_o indivisible_a as_o to_o itself_o but_o most_o divide_a and_o distant_a from_o allthing_n else_o therefore_o it_o be_v most_o one_o and_o if_o most_o one_o than_o also_o most_o simple_a thus_o aristot_n metaph._n l._n 4._o c._n 6._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n those_o thing_n who_o essential_a notion_n be_v indivise_v and_o inseparable_a such_o be_v most_o one_o and_o simple_a and_o be_v not_o the_o first_o be_v such_o may_v we_o conceive_v the_o least_o divisibilitie_n in_o his_o essence_n this_o argument_n be_v well_o urge_v by_o simplicius_n in_o epict._n cap._n 1._o pag._n 9_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d one_o bonitie_n produce_v many_o bonity_n and_o one_o simplicity_n and_o unity_n which_o excel_v all_o other_o many_o unity_n and_o one_o principe_n many_o principes_fw-la for_o one_o principe_n good_a and_o god_n be_v the_o same_o where_o he_o prove_v the_o simplicity_n of_o god_n from_o his_o unity_n thus_o also_o the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n de_fw-fr fundamentis_fw-la l._n 2._o c._n 10._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n the_o name_n one_o be_v true_o say_v of_o that_o which_o be_v indivise_v in_o itself_o and_o divise_v as_o to_o allthing_n else_o and_o by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o proper_a it_o be_v to_o any_o thing_n tobe_v distinguish_v from_o other_o thing_n by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o it_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v one_o thence_o he_o conclude_v that_o nothing_o in_o the_o world_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v so_o one_o as_o to_o be_v true_o distinct_a from_o allthing_n else_o but_o god_n who_o be_v therefore_o most_o simple_a so_o damascene_fw-la orthod_n fid._n l._n 1._o c._n 19_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o deity_n or_o divine_a unity_n be_v multiply_v in_o thing_n partible_a impartible_o draw_v and_o convert_v thing_n partible_a to_o his_o own_o simplicity_n i._n e._n the_o deity_n be_v in_o itself_o the_o most_o simple_a unity_n be_v multiply_v as_o to_o operation_n in_o allthing_n according_a to_o their_o indigence_n yet_o without_o the_o least_o multiplicity_n in_o itself_o but_o it_o convertes_o allthing_n multiply_v to_o its_o own_o simple_a unity_n 3_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o composition_n what_o be_v composition_n but_o the_o union_n of_o thing_n distinct_a and_o do_v not_o imperfection_n always_o attend_v distinction_n take_v the_o most_o subtle_a and_o refine_a composition_n which_o they_o make_v to_o be_v of_o ens_fw-la and_o essence_n or_o of_o essence_n and_o existence_n and_o do_v there_o not_o some_o imperfection_n attend_v the_o same_o do_v not_o all_o composition_n import_v some_o efficience_n and_o thence_o dependence_n can_v that_o which_o be_v compound_v be_v eternal_a do_v it_o not_o imply_v a_o beginning_n and_o that_o something_o be_v before_o it_o be_v it_o not_o a_o flat_a contradiction_n to_o say_v something_o be_v compound_v from_o eternity_n last_o where_o composition_n be_v there_o division_n may_v be_v and_o so_o by_o consequence_n dissolution_n which_o to_o affirm_v of_o god_n be_v blasphemous_a this_o argument_n be_v well_o improve_v by_o damascene_fw-la orthodox_n fid._n l._n 1._o c._n 12._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n the_o deity_n be_v simple_a and_o incomposite_a but_o that_o which_o do_v coalesce_v out_o of_o many_o difference_n be_v composite_a if_o therefore_o we_o shall_v say_v that_o increate_v independent_a incorporeous_a immortal_a eternal_a good_a creator_n and_o the_o like_a be_v substantial_a difference_n and_o different_a substance_n in_o god_n be_v compose_v of_o so_o many_o thing_n he_o will_v not_o be_v simple_a but_o composite_a which_o true_o to_o affirm_v be_v extreme_a impiety_n it_o be_v meet_a therefore_o to_o conceive_v that_o each_o of_o these_o as_o affirm_v of_o god_n do_v signify_v not_o what_o he_o be_v in_o essence_n but_o either_o what_o he_o be_v not_o or_o a_o certain_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d habitude_n which_o he_o have_v to_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v distinguish_v from_o he_o or_o that_o participate_v nature_n and_o operation_n from_o he_o wherein_o he_o give_v we_o the_o genuine_a reason_n why_o the_o divine_a essence_n which_o be_v in_o itself_o most_o simple_a be_v express_v under_o various_a name_n and_o attribute_n namely_o thereby_o to_o remove_v all_o imperfection_n from_o he_o or_o to_o illustrate_v some_o perfection_n that_o be_v in_o he_o by_o the_o habitude_n which_o he_o have_v to_o thing_n make_v by_o he_o 4_o from_o god_n prime_a causalitie_n and_o efficience_n that_o god_n be_v the_o first_o cause_n of_o allthing_n be_v clear_o evident_a from_o what_o have_v be_v before_o lay_v down_o of_o his_o existence_n hence_o it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o he_o be_v most_o simple_a for_o whatever_o be_v composite_a be_v such_o by_o some_o preexistent_a cause_n which_o frame_v its_o composition_n this_o argument_n be_v well_o manage_v by_o simplicius_n in_o epict._n c._n 1_o p._n 9_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o god_n be_v the_o first_o be_v and_o cause_n of_o allthing_n but_o now_o what_o be_v first_o be_v necessary_o most_o simple_a for_o whatever_o be_v composite_a as_o it_o be_v composite_a and_o multiply_v it_o be_v posterior_n to_o one_o 5_o from_o god_n actuality_n that_o there_o be_v one_o pure_a act_n which_o be_v actuate_v by_o nothing_o else_o but_o actuate_v allthing_n else_o be_v most_o evident_a to_o any_o that_o dare_v not_o grant_v a_o progress_n into_o infinity_n as_o to_o acts._n now_o what_o partake_v of_o pure_a act_n but_o the_o first_o be_v who_o be_v never_o in_o possibility_n to_o be_v but_o always_o a_o pure_a act_n as_o to_o his_o essence_n god_n the_o first_o be_v be_v actual_o and_o eternal_o whatever_o he_o may_v be_v neither_o can_v he_o ever_o be_v what_o actual_o he_o be_v not_o every_o creature_n have_v a_o possibility_n not_o to_o be_v before_o it_o be_v and_o it_o still_o retain_v the_o same_o possibility_n but_o god_n be_v such_o a_o pure_a act_n as_o that_o not_o the_o least_o possibility_n or_o potentialitie_n can_v be_v affirm_v of_o he_o he_o be_v such_o a_o pure_a subsistent_a act_n as_o exclude_v all_o state_n exist_v in_o power_n or_o potentialitie_n either_o passive_a or_o objective_a which_o speak_v the_o high_a simplicity_n 6_o from_o the_o immutabilitie_n of_o god_n whatever_o be_v composite_a be_v mutable_a for_o where_o there_o be_v composition_n there_o may_v be_v division_n which_o imply_v mutability_n but_o god_n be_v most_o immutable_a as_o we_o shall_v in_o what_o immediate_o follow_v demonstrate_v this_o argument_n be_v well_o manage_v by_o plato_n in_o his_o
but_o speak_v truth_n the_o divine_a veracitie_n be_v equal_o immutable_a in_o respect_n of_o future_a and_o past_a god_n can_v but_o do_v what_o he_o have_v say_v he_o will_v do_v because_o his_o will_n be_v immutable_a he_o be_v most_o simple_a and_o true_a both_o in_o his_o word_n and_o work_n as_o he_o can_v be_v deceive_v so_o neither_o can_v he_o deceive_v thus_o plato_n repub._n 2._o pag._n 381._o refel_n the_o false_a idea_n and_o idol_n which_o the_o poet_n frame_v of_o the_o god_n as_o if_o they_o shall_v change_v themselves_o into_o divers_a shape_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o by_o certain_a delusion_n shall_v delude_v we_o that_o they_o may_v seem_v various_a to_o we_o which_o he_o make_v to_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n who_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d immutable_a invariable_a inalterable_a and_o one_o that_o can_v lie_v because_o he_o be_v truth_n itself_o whence_o he_o conclude_v pag._n 382._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n wherefore_o god_n be_v simple_a and_o true_a both_o in_o his_o work_n and_o word_n neither_o be_v he_o change_v neither_o do_v he_o deceive_v other_o either_o by_o fantastic_a delusion_n or_o speech_n or_o sign_n or_o vision_n or_o dream_n of_o which_o more_o full_o in_o the_o veracitie_n of_o god_n chap._n 6._o §_o 2._o only_o here_o we_o be_v to_o obviate_v a_o objection_n which_o be_v make_v from_o what_o be_v mention_v in_o scripture_n of_o god_n repentance_n gen._n 6.6_o 1_o sam._n 15.11_o this_o manner_n of_o speech_n be_v only_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o man_n when_o they_o will_v have_v that_o undo_v which_o be_v former_o do_v as_o to_o god_n it_o speak_v no_o alteration_n in_o he_o but_o only_o in_o his_o dispensation_n and_o action_n according_a to_o propriety_n of_o speech_n god_n can_v be_v say_v to_o repent_v as_o num._n 23.19_o but_o to_o give_v a_o more_o full_a demonstration_n of_o god_n immutabilitie_n demonstrate_v the_o immutabilitie_n of_o god_n demonstrate_v we_o may_v consider_v the_o divine_a essence_n and_o attribute_n which_o concur_v all_o to_o make_v good_a this_o demonstration_n 1_o the_o divine_a essence_n and_o its_o necessity_n give_v we_o a_o invict_a argument_n of_o god_n immutabilitie_n for_o that_o which_o have_v a_o necessity_n of_o be_v can_v acquire_v its_o essence_n by_o any_o action_n or_o mutation_n and_o if_o it_o depend_v not_o on_o any_o other_o for_o its_o be_v it_o can_v lose_v the_o same_o thus_o plato_n phileb_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o first_o one_o necessary_a be_v be_v not_o capable_a of_o generation_n and_o corruption_n thus_o jamblichus_n god_n say_v he_o necessary_o be_v not_o by_o a_o extern_a necessity_n but_o intern_a and_o natural_a now_o whatever_o be_v necessary_o such_o be_v immutable_o such_o this_o argument_n be_v well_o improve_v by_o the_o author_n libri_fw-la de_fw-la fundamentis_fw-la l._n 2._o c._n 5._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n whatever_o be_v change_v be_v change_v by_o some_o other_o but_o that_o which_o necessary_o existe_v of_o itself_o have_v not_o any_o cause_n by_o which_o be_v shall_v be_v change_v for_o the_o same_o thing_n can_v be_v the_o changer_n and_o change_v for_o so_o it_o shall_v consist_v of_o two_o thing_n one_o that_o change_v and_o another_o that_o be_v change_v all_o change_n arise_v either_o from_o some_o extern_a or_o intern_a cause_n but_o god_n have_v nothing_o without_o that_o can_v make_v any_o impression_n on_o he_o neither_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n within_o he_o that_o can_v give_v or_o receive_v any_o impression_n or_o change_n there_o be_v no_o active_a power_n either_o without_o or_o within_o god_n that_o can_v make_v nor_o any_o passive_a power_n within_o god_n to_o receive_v any_o impression_n or_o mutation_n thus_o damascene_fw-la orthedox_n fid._n l._n 1._o c._n 3._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n being_n therefore_o create_v be_v altogether_o mutable_a it_o be_v necessary_a therefore_o that_o the_o opificer_n and_o framer_n be_v increate_v and_o if_o increate_v then_o immutable_a so_o l._n 2._o c._n 3._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o every_o create_v be_v be_v mutable_a the_o increate_v only_o be_v immutable_a and_o he_o give_v this_o reason_n of_o his_o hypothesis_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o whatever_o have_v beginning_n may_v natural_o have_v a_o end_n 2_o we_o may_v demonstrate_v the_o immutabilitie_n of_o god_n from_o his_o simplicity_n for_o all_o mutation_n proper_o consider_v require_v some_o composition_n because_o there_o be_v require_v some_o commun_n subject_n remain_v under_o both_o term_n of_o the_o mutation_n this_o argument_n be_v well_o manage_v by_o plato_n repub._n 2._o pag._n 381._o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o god_n shall_v be_v change_v because_o he_o remain_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d always_o the_o same_o simple_o in_o his_o own_o form_n so_o phaedo_fw-la pag._n 78._o he_o prove_v that_o god_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o uniform_a be_v exist_v of_o himself_o and_o always_o the_o same_o can_v admit_v the_o least_o alteration_n as_o before_o thence_o in_o his_o timaeus_n he_o call_v god_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d one_o same_o be_v always_o like_o himself_o god_n be_v one_o simple_a be_v without_o quantity_n quality_n or_o any_o accident_n have_v nothing_o in_o himself_o but_o what_o be_v himself_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o he_o shall_v admit_v any_o alteration_n or_o mutation_n 27._o psal_n 102.26_o 27._o thus_o sacred_a philosophy_n psal_n 102.26_o 27._o they_o the_o heaven_n shall_v perish_v but_o thou_o shall_v endure_v thou_o shall_v change_v they_o and_o they_o shall_v be_v change_v but_o thou_o be_v the_o same_o and_o thy_o year_n shall_v have_v no_o end_n where_o he_o founde_v and_o bottom_n the_o immutabilitie_n of_o god_n on_o the_o simplicity_n and_o identity_n of_o his_o essence_n 3_o the_o immutabilitie_n of_o god_n may_v be_v demonstrate_v from_o his_o immobilitie_n thus_o plato_n in_o his_o parmenidâ—_n pag._n 138._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o if_o he_o the_o one_o god_n shall_v be_v move_v he_o shall_v be_v either_o move_v local_o or_o alterate_v for_o there_o be_v only_o these_o motion_n very_o good_a but_o now_o if_o this_o one_o god_n shall_v be_v alter_v he_o shall_v not_o be_v one_o therefore_o he_o can_v be_v move_v according_a to_o alteration_n thence_o he_o proceed_v to_o prove_v that_o he_o can_v be_v move_v local_o because_o he_o have_v no_o part_n whence_o he_o conclude_v pag._n 139._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o one_o god_n therefore_o be_v as_o to_o all_o kind_n of_o motion_n immobile_fw-la the_o force_n of_o this_o argument_n lie_v thus_o god_n be_v the_o prime_a motor_n and_o principe_n of_o all_o motion_n and_o mutation_n must_v necessary_o be_v immobile_a and_o immutable_a for_o all_o grant_v the_o first_o motor_n to_o be_v immobile_a and_o all_o motion_n and_o mutation_n to_o be_v found_v in_o some_o immobile_a immutable_a principe_fw-la thence_o aristotle_n hold_v god_n to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o first_o immobile_fw-la be_v so_o philo_n judaeus_n make_v god_n to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o immobile_a immutable_a be_v who_o no_o way_n stand_v in_o need_n of_o any_o other_o thing_n again_o plato_n argue_v that_o whatever_o be_v alter_v or_o change_v can_v be_v primary_o simple_o and_o absolute_o one_o as_o god_n be_v 4_o we_o may_v demonstrate_v the_o immutabilitie_n of_o god_n from_o his_o pure_a actuality_n and_o impassibilitie_n the_o most_o pure_a act_n can_v be_v change_v because_o passive_a power_n either_o physic_n or_o metaphysic_n and_o obediential_a be_v the_o root_n of_o all_o mutability_n and_o dependence_n thus_o jamblichus_n a_o great_a platonist_n god_n say_v he_o have_v nothing_o in_o himself_o passable_a and_o this_o impassibilitie_n he_o have_v not_o by_o acquisition_n but_o by_o nature_n a_o uniform_a essence_n of_o itself_o incorporeous_a and_o permanent_a admit_v not_o any_o passion_n or_o division_n either_o of_o alteration_n or_o mutation_n where_o there_o be_v perpetual_a order_n there_o can_v be_v no_o passion_n 5_o the_o immutabilitie_n of_o god_n may_v be_v evince_v from_o his_o eternity_n whatever_o be_v eternal_a must_v necesfary_o be_v immutable_a because_o without_o beginning_n and_o end_n that_o which_o be_v before_o all_o time_n can_v be_v liable_a to_o any_o change_n of_o time_n thus_o plato_n in_o his_o parmenides_n pag._n 141._o and_o in_o his_o phaedrus_n p._n 245._o strong_o prove_v that_o the_o first_o one_o be_v can_v have_v neither_o beginning_n nor_o end_n and_o thence_o no_o alteration_n or_o mutation_n as_o hereafter_o in_o the_o eternity_n of_o god_n §_o 3._o 6_o the_o perfection_n of_o god_n demonstrate_v his_o immutabilitie_n thus_o plato_n repub._n 2._o pag._n 381._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n
god_n and_o those_o thing_n that_o belong_v to_o god_n be_v best_a and_o most_o perfect_a therefore_o he_o can_v admit_v any_o mutation_n for_o what_o be_v best_o be_v never_o change_v the_o force_n of_o the_o argument_n lie_v thus_o god_n by_o the_o necessity_n of_o his_o be_v have_v a_o plenitude_n of_o essence_n and_o perfection_n and_o therefore_o admit_v not_o of_o any_o augmentation_n or_o diminution_n for_o what_o by_o necessity_n of_o nature_n have_v a_o plenitude_n of_o be_v and_o perfection_n that_o can_v extend_v itself_o any_o further_a but_o must_v be_v infinite_a and_o what_o be_v infinite_a can_v be_v great_a or_o lesser_a neither_o can_v any_o thing_n be_v take_v from_o or_o add_v to_o it_o hence_o god_n be_v by_o a_o necessity_n of_o nature_n most_o perfect_a can_v be_v more_o or_o less_o perfect_a therefore_o he_o can_v fall_v under_o any_o mutation_n either_o perfective_a or_o corruptive_a augmentative_a or_o diminutive_a §_o 2._o perfection_n god_n infinitude_n as_o to_o essence_n and_o perfection_n hence_o follow_v god_n infinitude_n as_o to_o essence_n and_o perfection_n for_o a_o be_v necessary_o simple_o and_o immutable_o such_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v infinite_o perfect_a a_o creature_n simple_o and_o absolute_o finite_a may_v be_v in_o some_o limit_a sense_n say_v to_o be_v infinite_a as_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n be_v in_o regard_n of_o its_o capacity_n say_v to_o be_v infinite_a because_o capable_a of_o a_o infinite_a object_n but_o nothing_o be_v absolute_o simple_o and_o essential_o infinite_a and_o perfect_a but_o god_n infinitie_o real_o exclude_v all_o negation_n of_o entity_n from_o god_n and_o also_o include_v that_o god_n be_v in_o pure_a act_n whatever_n ens_fw-la in_o its_o most_o extensive_a universal_a latitude_n and_o notion_n do_v include_v for_o a_o infinite_a essence_n necessary_o contain_v either_o formal_o or_o eminent_o whatever_o be_v or_o may_v be_v of_o perfection_n in_o all_o being_n either_o actual_o existent_a or_o possible_a but_o to_o treat_v more_o philosophical_o and_o distinct_o of_o this_o attribute_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v that_o infinite_a be_v a_o negative_a notion_n which_o include_v a_o negation_n of_o all_o term_n or_o bound_n now_o a_o thing_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v terminate_v bound_v or_o finite_a in_o reward_n 1_o of_o its_o essence_n and_o perfection_n 2_o of_o its_o duration_n 3_o of_o its_o presence_n 4_o of_o its_o comprehensibilitie_n in_o all_o these_o regard_v god_n be_v say_v to_o be_v infinite_a he_o be_v infinite_a 1_o in_o essence_n as_o most_o perfect_a and_o independent_a 2_o in_o duration_n as_o eternal_a 3_o in_o presence_n as_o omnipresent_v or_o immense_a 4_o as_o to_o our_o comprehension_n in_o be_v incomprehensible_a we_o shall_v here_o treat_v only_o of_o god_n infinitude_n as_o to_o essence_n and_o perfection_n and_o of_o the_o other_o as_o distinct_a attribute_n result_v from_o this_o infinitude_n of_o essence_n god_n infinitude_n as_o to_o essence_n and_o perfection_n may_v be_v various_a way_n explicate_v and_o demonstrate_v independence_n god_n infinitude_n from_o his_o independence_n thus_o damascene_fw-la orthodox_n fid._n l._n 2._o c._n 19_o describe_v god_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o increate_v independent_a immortal_a infinite_a eternal_a immaterial_a chief_a good_n the_o immutable_a impassable_a incircumscript_n immense_a indefinible_a incorporeous_a invisible_a without_o indigence_n absolute_a most_o free_a omnipotent_a and_o infinite_o potent_a by_o each_o of_o these_o divine_a attribute_n the_o infinitude_n of_o the_o divine_a essence_n may_v be_v demonstrate_v as_o 1._o by_o his_o independence_n the_o infinitude_n of_o the_o divine_a essence_n consist_v in_o a_o negation_n of_o all_o limitation_n and_o term_n the_o term_n that_o limit_v any_o essence_n be_v its_o cause_n therefore_o that_o which_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d without_o any_o cause_n must_v needs_o be_v without_o term_n and_o so_o infinite_a and_o be_v not_o the_o divine_a essence_n thus_o independent_a without_o all_o causal_a term_n and_o limitation_n must_v not_o god_n then_o be_v infinite_a in_o his_o essence_n this_o independence_n of_o the_o divine_a essence_n as_o to_o all_o cause_n and_o causal_a limitation_n be_v well_o express_v in_o sacred_a philosophy_n by_o god_n be_v the_o first_o and_o the_o last_o as_o esa_n 41.4_o i_o the_o lord_n 41.4_o esa_n 41.4_o the_o first_o and_o with_o the_o last_o i_o be_o he_o so_o chap._n 44.6_o i_o be_o the_o first_o and_o i_o be_o the_o last_o and_o beside_o i_o there_o be_v no_o god_n those_o also_o chap._n 48.12_o i_o be_o he_o i_o be_o the_o first_o i_o also_o be_o the_o last_o god_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o first_o as_o have_v no_o causal_n principe_fw-la or_o efficient_a that_o may_v give_v limit_n to_o his_o essence_n and_o the_o last_o as_o have_v no_o final_a cause_n or_o end_n that_o may_v give_v moral_a limit_n or_o bound_n to_o his_o wil._n this_o infinitude_n and_o independence_n of_o the_o divine_a ssence_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n and_o last_o end_n be_v well_o illustrate_v rev._n 1.8_o 11._o &_o 21.6_o &_o 22.13_o 22.13_o rev._n 1.8_o 11._o &_o 21.6_o &_o 22.13_o i_o be_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o beginning_n and_o the_o end_n the_o first_o and_o the_o last_o i.e._n as_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v the_o first_o letter_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o last_o of_o the_o greek_a alphabet_n so_o god_n be_v the_o first_o causal_n principe_n or_o efficient_a and_o last_o end_n or_o final_a cause_n that_o give_v term_n and_o limit_n to_o all_o create_a essence_n but_o receive_v limit_n and_o term_n from_o none_o and_o therefore_o be_v infinite_a in_o essence_n and_o perfection_n hence_o god_n be_v say_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d self-being_a or_o be_v of_o himself_o not_o by_o any_o positive_a influx_n for_o that_o be_v impossible_a that_o any_o thing_n shall_v give_v be_v to_o itself_o but_o negative_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o independence_n on_o any_o other_o cause_n for_o god_n as_o the_o first_o have_v no_o efficient_a and_o as_o the_o last_o have_v no_o final_a cause_n thence_o by_o consequence_n no_o causal_a term_n or_o limitation_n this_o independence_n and_o infinitude_n of_o god_n as_o the_o first_o efficient_a and_o last_o end_n be_v well_o explicate_v and_o demonstrate_v by_o plato_n in_o his_o parmenides_n p._n 137._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d therefore_o if_o he_o the_o one_o god_n have_v no_o part_n neither_o true_o shall_v he_o have_v any_o beginning_n or_o end_n or_o middle_a for_o such_o be_v the_o part_n of_o a_o thing_n where_o he_o prove_v that_o god_n have_v no_o beginning_n nor_o end_n i._n e._n he_o be_v the_o first_o and_o the_o last_o from_o his_o simplicity_n or_o not_o have_v part_n and_o in_o what_o follow_v he_o give_v we_o the_o reason_n of_o his_o consequence_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o the_o end_n and_o the_o principe_fw-la be_v the_o term_n of_o every_o thing_n i._n e._n every_o thing_n be_v terminate_v and_o bound_v by_o its_o causal_n principle_n or_o efficient_a and_o last_o end_n therefore_o to_o speak_v in_o the_o language_n of_o sacred_a philosophy_n he_o who_o be_v the_o first_o and_o the_o last_o without_o a_o first_o causal_n principe_fw-la or_o last_o end_n to_o terminate_v his_o essence_n must_v needs_o be_v infinite_a thus_o plato_n conclude_v in_o what_o immediate_o follow_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o one_o god_n therefore_o be_v infinite_a if_o he_o have_v neither_o principe_fw-la nor_o end_n this_o argument_n which_o agree_v with_o that_o of_o sacred_a philosophy_n be_v most_o cogent_a for_o that_o which_o have_v no_o causal_n term_n either_o of_o beginning_n or_o end_n but_o be_v the_o first_o causal_n principe_fw-la and_o last_v end_n of_o allthing_n must_v needs_o be_v infinite_a 2._o simplicity_n god_n infinitude_n from_o his_o unity_n and_o simplicity_n the_o infinitude_n of_o the_o divine_a essence_n and_o perfection_n proceed_v from_o and_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v by_o god_n unity_n simplicity_n and_o pure_a actuality_n thus_o plato_n in_o his_o philebus_n pag._n 14._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d one_o namely_o god_n be_v as_o many_o and_o infinite_a and_o many_o be_v as_o one_o only_a plato_n here_o describe_v the_o first_o infinite_a be_v under_o the_o commun_n pythagorean_n notion_n of_o one_o and_o many_o as_o be_v one_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o simplicity_n of_o his_o essence_n and_o yet_o many_o in_o regard_n of_o his_o infinite_a perfection_n and_o idea_n or_o decree_n so_o pag._n 16._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n that_o the_o one_o god_n be_v many_o and_o infinite_a the_o force_n of_o this_o argument_n lie_v thus_o god_n be_v one_o simple_a pure_a act_n must_v needs_o be_v infinite_a
of_o our_o understanding_n be_v mutable_a because_o dependent_a on_o extern_a object_n and_o medium_n but_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o divine_a understanding_n immutable_a and_o therefore_o the_o measure_n of_o all_o truth_n as_o aquinas_n well_o note_n this_o be_v incomparable_o well_o illustrate_v by_o bradwardine_n l._n 1._o c._n 24._o pag._n 244._o god_n say_v he_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o most_o infinite_a claritie_n comprehende_v allthing_n and_o all_o particle_n of_o time_n as_o they_o be_v most_o true_o in_o himself_o for_o he_o need_v not_o comparation_n or_o relation_n of_o thing_n past_a or_o future_a to_o the_o present_a instant_n according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o human_a infirmity_n but_o he_o understande_v allthing_n together_o and_o most_o clear_o by_o his_o own_o essence_n and_o will_n which_o represence_n allthing_n uniform_o and_o invariable_o as_o if_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o immobile_a eye_n in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o heaven_n which_o shall_v see_v by_o extramission_n and_o active_o as_o god_n see_v it_o will_v then_o always_o see_v uniform_o without_o all_o mutation_n every_o part_n of_o the_o heaven_n turn_v round_o and_o the_o same_o part_n now_o in_o the_o east_n and_o anon_o in_o the_o south_n and_o then_o in_o the_o west_n thus_o god_n in_o like_a manner_n see_v all_o variable_a object_n and_o part_n of_o time_n with_o their_o distinct_a vicissitude_n and_o succession_n without_o the_o least_o variation_n or_o succession_n because_o he_o see_v allthing_n not_o passive_o by_o species_n and_o impression_n receive_v from_o the_o thing_n themselves_o but_o active_o in_o his_o own_o essence_n and_o will_n the_o active_a principe_n of_o al._n we_o poor_a mortal_n by_o reason_n of_o our_o infirmity_n can_v distinct_o apprehend_v all_o the_o particle_n of_o time_n always_o fluent_a and_o succeed_v each_o other_o and_o therefore_o we_o take_v the_o present_a instant_n which_o of_o all_o time_n be_v most_o actual_a and_o best_a know_v to_o we_o and_o make_v it_o the_o measure_n of_o past_a present_a and_o future_a time_n whence_o our_o knowledge_n also_o be_v successive_a and_o mutable_a but_o god_n who_o know_v allthing_n in_o his_o own_o eternity_n be_v not_o liable_a to_o such_o succession_n and_o mutation_n his_o science_n be_v a_o pure_a necessary_a act_n must_v needs_o be_v immutable_a and_o invariable_a albeit_o it_o terminate_v on_o object_n in_o themselves_o most_o mutable_a and_o variable_a the_o mutation_n of_o the_o object_n make_v no_o mutation_n in_o the_o divine_a science_n because_o the_o mutable_a object_n be_v only_o the_o secundary_a object_n of_o god_n knowledge_n the_o primary_n object_n be_v the_o divine_a essence_n which_o be_v immutable_a and_o therefore_o the_o divine_a science_n such_o also_o shall_v god_n knowledge_n depend_v on_o the_o object_n know_v than_o it_o will_v be_v mutable_a as_o they_o be_v but_o not_o otherwise_o god_n necessary_o know_v every_o entity_n both_o actual_a and_o potential_a wherefore_o 1_o he_o can_v never_o know_v any_o thing_n that_o he_o be_v ever_o ignorant_a of_o 2_o he_o can_v never_o be_v ignorant_a of_o what_o he_o ever_o know_v 3_o he_o can_v know_v more_o of_o few_o thing_n than_o he_o know_v 4_o he_o can_v begin_v to_o know_v what_o he_o before_o know_v not_o or_o not_o to_o know_v what_o before_o he_o know_v because_o nothing_o begin_v to_o be_v future_a this_o immutabilitie_n of_o the_o divine_a science_n as_o to_o thing_n future_a arise_v from_o the_o determination_n of_o his_o own_o sovereign_a will_n and_o not_o from_o any_o thing_n in_o the_o object_n be_v nervose_o demonstrate_v by_o pious_a and_o learned_a robert_n grosseteste_a bishop_n of_o lincoln_n in_o his_o elaborate_a mss._n de_fw-fr libero_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la which_o lie_v bury_v in_o exeter_n college_n library_n oxon._n wherein_o he_o copiose_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o cause_n origines_fw-la and_o reason_n of_o allthing_n future_a though_o in_o themselves_o never_o so_o instable_n be_v most_o stable_a immutable_a necessary_a yea_o eternal_a in_o the_o divine_a decree_n and_o will_n whence_o also_o the_o divine_a science_n be_v most_o certain_a necessary_a and_o immutable_a this_o he_o confirm_v by_o plato_n idea_n which_o be_v immutable_a and_o invariable_a exemplar_n of_o allthing_n future_a as_o before_o that_o the_o divine_a science_n be_v immutable_a and_o necessary_a so_o greg._n ariminens_n sent._n l._n 1._o dist_n 39_o pag._n 130_o 140._o hence_o 4._o the_o divine_a science_n be_v most_o certain_a and_o infallible_a certain_a 4._o divine_a science_n most_o certain_a thus_o plato_n repub._n 2._o pag._n 382._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n i_o judge_v no_o mortal_a will_v be_v real_o willing_a both_o to_o deceive_v and_o be_v deceive_v or_o to_o be_v ignorant_a of_o supreme_a being_n much_o less_o god_n the_o science_n of_o god_n be_v necessary_a ad_fw-la immutable_a it_o can_v but_o be_v most_o certain_a and_o infallible_a to_o know_v thing_n certain_o be_v to_o know_v they_o in_o their_o cause_n now_o god_n will_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o allthing_n he_o thence_o know_v they_o perfect_o god_n science_n be_v as_o certain_a as_o the_o future_a event_n for_o where_o there_o be_v a_o determinate_a effect_n there_o must_v be_v a_o determinate_a cause_n and_o where_o the_o cause_n be_v determinate_a there_o the_o science_n also_o may_v be_v determinate_a the_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n future_a in_o god_n be_v as_o certain_a as_o the_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n present_a for_o every_o future_a compare_v to_o god_n the_o first_o cause_n and_o his_o science_n be_v necessary_a and_o necessary_o future_a albeit_o as_o compare_v to_o the_o second_o cause_n some_o effect_n may_v be_v contingent_a or_o contingent_o future_a the_o primary_n object_n of_o the_o divine_a science_n be_v infinite_o perfect_a namely_o the_o divine_a essence_n it_o can_v but_o be_v most_o certain_a and_o infallible_a if_o there_o be_v any_o certainty_n and_o infallibility_n in_o human_a science_n how_o much_o more_o in_o divine_a science_n which_o penetrate_v all_o essence_n and_o truth_n with_o the_o most_o perfect_a light_n and_o most_o simple_a intuition_n contemplate_v every_o be_v and_o truth_n as_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o in_o the_o glass_n of_o the_o divine_a essence_n the_o divine_a intellect_n see_v allthing_n as_o existent_a in_o themselves_o by_o the_o infinite_a light_n of_o the_o divine_a essence_n and_o therefore_o most_o certain_o and_o infallible_o as_o esa_n 40.13_o 14._o hence_o 5._o the_o dâ—â—â—â—e_a science_n be_v absolute_a and_o independent_a not_o conditionate_n and_o dependent_a on_o any_o create_v object_n thus_o plato_n dependent_a 5._o god_n science_n absolute_a and_o in_o dependent_a in_o his_o parmenides_n pag._n 134_o etc._n etc._n make_v his_o divine_a idea_n to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d self-subsistent_a and_o independent_a as_o to_o all_o extern_a object_n and_o condition_n for_o otherwise_o say_v he_o god_n shall_v not_o have_v a_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o and_o sovereign_a dominion_n over_o human_a affair_n it_o be_v impossible_a that_o any_o effect_n shall_v be_v or_o be_v understand_v as_o future_a in_o any_o case_n but_o dependent_o on_o its_o efficient_a cause_n now_o what_o be_v the_o first_o and_o universal_a essicient_a of_o all_o effect_n but_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o divine_a will_n on_o which_o every_o effect_n depend_v more_o than_o on_o its_o proxime_fw-la cause_n therefore_o as_o nothing_o be_v antecedent_n to_o the_o divine_a will_n so_o no_o hypothesis_n or_o condition_n be_v cognoscible_a or_o knowable_a antecedent_o thereto_o god_n knowledge_n as_o it_o depend_v not_o on_o the_o existence_n of_o create_a object_n so_o neither_o on_o any_o hypothesis_n or_o condition_n that_o be_v appendent_a unto_o such_o object_n place_v in_o such_o circumstance_n for_o all_o future_n whether_o absolute_a or_o conditionate_n be_v know_v by_o god_n not_o from_o the_o determination_n of_o second_o cause_n but_o from_o the_o determinatin_n of_o the_o divine_a will_n which_o be_v the_o first_o cause_n for_o whence_o spring_v the_o futurition_n of_o thing_n but_o from_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o divine_a will_n and_o must_v not_o then_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o divine_a will_v be_v precedent_n to_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o second_o cause_o and_o if_o so_o may_v we_o not_o then_o hence_o conclude_v that_o god_n science_n arise_v from_o the_o determination_n of_o his_o own_o will_n depend_v not_o on_o the_o existence_n of_o or_o any_o condition_n that_o belong_v to_o future_a object_n if_o the_o divine_a essence_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o independent_a must_v not_o the_o divine_a science_n which_o be_v identify_v therewith_o be_v also_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o independent_a or_o if_o the_o divine_a science_n shall_v depend_v on_o the_o mutable_a condition_n of_o its_o object_n can_v it_o be_v any_o other_o than_o conjectural_a where_o any_o science_n depend_v on_o its_o
say_v by_o plato_n always_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o play_v the_o geometer_n i._n e._n to_o measure_n out_o to_o allthing_n their_o just_a essence_n virtue_n perfection_n and_o limit_n for_o geometry_n according_a to_o its_o primary_n notation_n and_o use_n among_o the_o egyptian_n from_o who_o plato_n borrow_v the_o notion_n signify_v to_o measure_v the_o bound_n and_o term_n of_o land_n and_o it_o be_v most_o apposite_o apply_v by_o plato_n to_o the_o divine_a will_n as_o it_o give_v measure_n and_o term_n to_o allthing_n 3_o the_o divine_a will_n be_v most_o perfect_a effective_o effective_o 3._o effective_o as_o it_o be_v the_o efficacious_a efficient_a of_o all_o effect_n of_o which_o hereafter_o in_o the_o divine_a causalitie_n where_o we_o hope_v full_o to_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o divine_a will_n be_v the_o prime_n efficient_a and_o efficacious_a cause_n of_o all_o effect_n the_o perfection_n of_o the_o divine_a will_n may_v be_v demonstrate_v either_o absolute_o or_o comparative_o as_o compare_v with_o the_o human_a wil._n 1_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o divine_a will_n absolute_o so_o its_o perfection_n may_v be_v demonstrate_v from_o its_o simplicity_n pure_a actuality_n eternity_n immutabilitie_n omnipotence_n etc._n etc._n as_o before_o 2_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o divine_a will_n relative_o or_o comparative_o as_o compare_v with_o a_o create_v human_a or_o angelic_a will_n so_o its_o perfection_n appear_v 1_o in_o this_o that_o the_o divine_a will_n give_v all_o bonitie_n and_o goodness_n to_o thing_n whereas_o every_o create_v will_n presuppose_v goodness_n in_o thing_n that_o it_o will_v every_o create_v will_n depend_v on_o because_o it_o be_v move_v by_o the_o goodness_n of_o its_o object_n but_o every_o create_v good_a depend_v on_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o divine_a wil._n hence_o there_o can_v be_v assign_v no_o cause_n of_o the_o divine_a will_n but_o what_o be_v in_o itself_o whereas_o every_o create_v will_n have_v a_o formal_a reason_n cause_n and_o motive_n without_o itself_o whereby_o it_o be_v move_v and_o influence_v 2_o in_o the_o human_a will_v the_o volition_n of_o the_o end_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o its_o willing_a the_o mean_n but_o in_o the_o divine_a will_n both_o end_n and_o mean_n be_v will_v by_o one_o simple_a indivisible_a pure_a act._n 3_o in_o man_n will_n volition_n and_o nolition_n be_v distinct_a act_n not_o to_o will_v in_o man_n imply_v a_o negation_n or_o suspension_n of_o the_o will_v act_v but_o in_o god_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o pure_a actuality_n of_o his_o nature_n nolition_n and_o volition_n be_v the_o same_o we_o may_v not_o imagine_v that_o the_o divine_a will_n be_v capable_a of_o any_o suspension_n or_o negation_n of_o act_n but_o whatever_o he_o will_v not_o that_o it_o be_v that_o he_o will_v that_o it_o be_v not_o also_o whatever_o he_o will_v not_o that_o it_o be_v not_o that_o he_o will_v that_o it_o be_v 4_o man_n will_v be_v circumscribe_v and_o limit_v by_o justice_n he_o may_v not_o will_v but_o what_o be_v just_a but_o god_n will_v be_v not_o circumscribe_v by_o any_o law_n of_o justice_n he_o do_v not_o will_n thing_n because_o just_a but_o they_o be_v therefore_o just_a because_o he_o will_v they_o fiat_fw-la quicquid_fw-la deus_fw-la non_fw-la vult_fw-la ut_fw-la fiat_fw-la illud_fw-la etiam_fw-la vult_fw-la ut_fw-la non_fw-la fiat_fw-la item_n quicquid_fw-la non_fw-la vult_fw-la ut_fw-la non_fw-la fiat_fw-la id_fw-la ipsum_fw-la etiam_fw-la vult_fw-la ut_fw-la fiat_fw-la 5_o man_n will_v be_v limit_v as_o to_o the_o sphere_n of_o its_o activity_n he_o will_v what_o he_o do_v but_o he_o can_v do_v all_o that_o he_o will_v term_n of_o essence_n suppose_v term_n of_o power_n and_o activity_n but_o god_n do_v not_o only_a will_n what_o he_o do_v but_o also_o do_v what_o he_o will_v his_o power_n be_v as_o extensive_a as_o his_o will_n he_o can_v do_v what_o he_o will_v his_o will_n be_v omnipotent_a because_o the_o same_o with_o his_o essence_n as_o psal_n 115.3_o 8._o prop._n the_o divine_a will_n be_v most_o free_a free_a the_o divine_a will_n most_o free_a liberty_n be_v one_o of_o the_o supreme_a perfection_n that_o belong_v to_o a_o intelligent_a rational_a creature_n it_o may_v not_o be_v deny_v to_o the_o divine_a wil._n yea_o nothing_o else_o can_v be_v free_a if_o the_o divine_a will_n be_v not_o free_a because_o this_o be_v the_o first_o principe_n of_o all_o liberty_n as_o take_v away_o the_o first_o cause_n you_o also_o destroy_v all_o second_o cause_n so_o take_v away_o liberty_n from_o the_o divine_a will_n you_o take_v it_o away_o also_o from_o all_o create_v will_n liberty_n in_o the_o divine_a will_n be_v absolute_a precedent_n and_o regulant_a liberty_n in_o the_o human_a will_n be_v conditionate_n subsequent_a and_o regulate_v the_o first_o in_o every_o kind_n be_v the_o measure_n of_o all_o in_o that_o kind_n now_o the_o divine_a liberty_n be_v the_o first_o in_o that_o kind_n and_o therefore_o the_o grand_a exemplar_n of_o all_o create_v liberty_n the_o most_o perfect_a cause_n must_v necessary_o have_v the_o most_o perfect_a mode_n of_o act_v but_o now_o god_n be_v the_o most_o perfect_a cause_n therefore_o he_o must_v have_v the_o most_o perfect_a mode_n of_o act_v which_o be_v to_o act_v free_o yea_o the_o divine_a will_n be_v so_o infinite_o free_a as_o that_o it_o be_v move_v by_o nothing_o without_o itself_o it_o have_v not_o so_o much_o as_o a_o end_n extrinsec_fw-la to_o its_o own_o bonitie_n whereby_o it_o be_v move_v which_o kind_n of_o independent_a liberty_n no_o create_v will_n may_v challenge_v for_o every_o create_v will_n as_o it_o have_v a_o first_o cause_n whereby_o it_o be_v move_v physical_o so_o a_o last_o end_n whereby_o it_o be_v move_v moral_o but_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o divine_a will_n be_v independent_a in_o both_o these_o regard_n and_o therefore_o most_o supreme_a and_o perfect_a the_o liberty_n of_o the_o divine_a will_n may_v be_v consider_v as_o relate_v to_o the_o operation_n ad_fw-la intra_fw-la or_o to_o those_o ad_fw-la extra_fw-la 1_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o divine_a will_n as_o relate_v to_o the_o operation_n ad_fw-la intra_fw-la be_v only_a concomitant_a not_o antecedent_n for_o all_o the_o operation_n of_o god_n ad_fw-la intra_fw-la i._n e._n such_o as_o terminate_v on_o himself_o namely_o love_v himself_o etc._n etc._n they_o be_v all_o from_o a_o necessity_n of_o nature_n not_o from_o election_n and_o choice_n god_n can_v but_o love_v himself_o he_o necessary_o adhere_v to_o his_o own_o bonitie_n and_o enjoy_v himself_o without_o the_o least_o indifference_n either_o of_o specification_n or_o exercise_n and_o yet_o even_o in_o these_o act_n ad_fw-la intra_fw-la which_o terminate_v on_o the_o divine_a essence_n and_o be_v attend_v with_o a_o natural_a necessity_n the_o divine_a will_n have_v a_o concomitant_a liberty_n or_o divine_a spontaneitie_n which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o denominate_v those_o act_n free_a for_o as_o the_o human_a will_n adhere_v to_o its_o last_o end_n by_o a_o kind_n of_o natural_a necessity_n which_o yet_o be_v attend_v with_o a_o rational_a spontaneitie_n so_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o divine_a will_n adhere_v to_o and_o enjoy_v itself_o by_o a_o natural_a necessity_n and_o yet_o with_o a_o concomitant_a liberty_n or_o divine_a spontaneitie_n this_o be_v well_o express_v by_o jamblichus_n a_o sectator_n of_o plato_n de_fw-fr myster_n egypt_n it_o be_v say_v he_o necessary_a that_o god_n be_v as_o he_o be_v not_o by_o a_o extrinsec_fw-la violent_a necessity_n but_o by_o a_o natural_a and_o most_o voluntary_a see_v he_o never_o will_v be_v other_o than_o he_o be_v here_o we_o see_v the_o high_a necessity_n conspire_v and_o according_a with_o the_o high_a liberty_n 2_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o divine_a will_n as_o relate_v to_o its_o operation_n ad_fw-la extra_fw-la such_o as_o terminate_v on_o the_o creature_n so_o it_o be_v not_o only_o concomitant_a but_o also_o antecedent_n i.e._n the_o divine_a will_n terminate_v on_o the_o creature_n not_o from_o any_o necessity_n of_o nature_n but_o by_o election_n and_o choice_n for_o all_o creature_n as_o refer_v to_o the_o divine_a bonitie_n be_v but_o mean_n wherefore_o the_o divine_a will_n have_v a_o antecedent_n liberty_n either_o for_o the_o elect_n or_o refuse_v of_o they_o this_o some_o call_v liberty_n of_o election_n because_o all_o election_n proper_o regard_v the_o mean_n again_o god_n in_o willing_a his_o own_o bonitie_n necessary_o will_v allthing_n so_o far_o as_o they_o participate_v of_o his_o own_o bonitie_n now_o the_o divine_a bonitie_n be_v infinite_a there_o be_v infinite_a way_n whereby_o the_o creature_n be_v participable_a thereof_o but_o all_o dependent_a on_o the_o election_n and_o determination_n of_o the_o divine_a wil._n last_o if_o the_o divine_a will_n shall_v terminate_v on_o the_o creature_n from_o a_o necessity_n of_o
most_o extensive_a as_o to_o all_o effect_n do_v not_o every_o cause_n by_o how_o much_o the_o high_a it_o be_v by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o extend_v itself_o to_o variety_n of_o effect_n must_v not_o god_n then_o by_o be_v the_o first_o cause_n necessary_o extend_v his_o concourse_n to_o all_o effect_n 4_o from_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n that_o allthing_n fall_v under_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n plato_n as_o well_o as_o scripture_n great_o prove_v as_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o ch._n 8._o §_o 2._o show_n and_o if_o so_o must_v not_o then_o the_o concourse_n of_o god_n universal_o extend_v to_o allthing_n so_o far_o as_o they_o partake_v of_o be_v either_o natural_a or_o moral_a 4._o prop._n god_n concourse_n in_o regard_n of_o all_o second_o cause_n and_o object_n be_v principal_a principal_a god_n concourse_n principal_a the_o principatie_n and_o soveraintie_n of_o divine_a concourse_n special_o as_o to_o gratiose_fw-la effect_n be_v frequent_o assert_v in_o sacred_a philosophy_n 53.11_o esa_n 53.11_o so_o it_o be_v say_v of_o christ_n esa_n 53.11_o he_o shall_v see_v the_o travel_n of_o his_o soul_n which_o assure_v we_o that_o christ_n be_v the_o principal_a parent_n of_o the_o new_a creature_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o old_a and_o that_o all_o minister_n or_o other_o instrument_n be_v but_o as_o it_o be_v midwife_n unto_o christ_n thence_o plato_n in_o his_o theaetetus_n pag._n 151._o bring_v in_o socrates_n use_v the_o same_o phrase_n touch_v himself_o and_o his_o philosophemes_n socrates_n be_v about_o to_o instruct_v theaetetus_n one_o of_o his_o disciple_n of_o great_a ingeny_n the_o more_o effectual_o to_o engage_v his_o attention_n and_o diligence_n he_o profess_v that_o for_o his_o part_n he_o be_v but_o as_o his_o mother_n a_o midwife_n to_o assist_v the_o soul_n in_o the_o bring_n forth_o of_o moral_a virtue_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d god_n compel_v i_o to_o play_v the_o midwife_n but_o forbid_v i_o to_o generate_v whereby_o he_o ascribe_v the_o principal_a efficience_n of_o all_o moral_a virtue_n to_o god_n reserve_v only_o a_o ministerial_a subservience_n to_o man_n so_o great_a be_v the_o modesty_n of_o this_o poor_a philosopher_n beyond_o many_o that_o profess_v christianity_n thus_o plato_n repub._n 6._o make_n god_n to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o first_o and_o most_o sovereign_a cause_n of_o allthing_n whereas_o all_o second_o cause_n be_v but_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d yea_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o it_o be_v child_n or_o effect_n and_o product_n and_o therefore_o all_o their_o efficience_n and_o causalitie_n be_v only_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o commistion_n with_o and_o participation_n from_o god_n the_o first_o cause_n thence_o in_o his_o phaedâ—_n pag._n 99_o he_o affirm_v that_o second_o cause_n if_o compare_v with_o the_o first_o deserve_v not_o the_o name_n of_o cause_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o call_v these_o cause_n be_v very_o importune_v or_o absue_v thence_o he_o add_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o which_o be_v a_o cause_n indeed_o be_v one_o thing_n and_o that_o without_o which_o a_o cause_n be_v not_o a_o cause_n another_o plato_n here_o make_v mention_n of_o two_o sort_n of_o cause_n 1_o one_o which_o be_v true_o a_o cause_n i._n e._n the_o first_o cause_n 2_o another_o which_o be_v only_o causa_fw-la sine_fw-la qua_fw-la non_fw-la a_o cause_n without_o which_o the_o effect_n be_v not_o produce_v such_o be_v all_o second_o cause_n who_o ministry_n the_o first_o cause_n make_v use_v of_o yet_o so_o as_o that_o the_o principal_a efficience_n belong_v only_o to_o the_o first_o cause_n in_o respect_n of_o which_o second_o cause_n be_v only_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d concause_n or_o subservient_fw-fr cause_n employ_v by_o god_n for_o the_o production_n of_o thing_n so_o in_o his_o timaeus_n pag._n 46._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d these_o be_v concause_n who_o ministry_n god_n use_v to_o perfect_v so_o far_o as_o it_o may_v be_v the_o idea_n and_o form_n of_o what_o be_v best_a but_o very_o many_o estime_fw-fr these_fw-mi to_o be_v not_o concause_n but_o cause_n of_o allthing_n but_o he_o subjoin_v such_o have_v no_o reason_n or_o sense_n for_o what_o they_o assert_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o we_o must_v say_v that_o there_o be_v a_o soul_n of_o allthing_n that_o existe_v to_o who_o only_o belong_v the_o power_n of_o understanding_n but_o he_o be_v invisible_a whence_o in_o what_o follow_v he_o express_o distinguish_v between_o the_o first_o and_o second_o cause_n ascribe_v principal_a causalitie_n to_o the_o former_a and_o ministerial_a or_o instrumental_a to_o the_o late_a there_o be_v in_o these_o philosopheme_v of_o plato_n observable_a 1_o that_o god_n be_v the_o principal_a prime_a cause_n of_o allthing_n 2_o that_o all_o second_o cause_n if_o compare_v with_o god_n deserve_v not_o the_o name_n of_o cause_n but_o be_v only_a concause_n or_o instrument_n to_o transfer_v the_o efficience_n of_o god_n unto_o the_o effect_n 3_o that_o such_o as_o ascribe_v any_o causalitie_n to_o second_o cause_n more_o than_o what_o as_o instrument_n they_o receive_v from_o the_o first_o cause_n have_v neither_o sense_n nor_o reason_n on_o their_o side_n 4_o that_o there_o be_v a_o universal_a spirit_n or_o soul_n which_o diffuse_v itself_o throughout_o all_o create_v being_n and_o give_v vigour_n determination_n and_o motion_n to_o all_o second_o cause_n and_o effect_n but_o now_o the_o more_o full_o to_o explicate_v plato_n mind_n touch_v the_o principal_a concourse_n of_o god_n the_o first_o cause_n first_o how_o second_o cause_n be_v instrument_n of_o the_o first_o and_o the_o ministerial_a or_o instrumental_a causalitie_n of_o second_o cause_n we_o must_v first_o distinguish_v and_o then_o state_n and_o determine_v our_o hypothesis_n we_o must_v distinguish_v 1_o between_o principal_a causalitie_n simple_o consider_v and_o that_o which_o be_v such_o in_o its_o kind_n and_o in_o some_o respect_n 2_o between_o the_o second_o cause_n its_o respect_n to_o the_o first_o and_o its_o respect_n to_o the_o effect_n 3_o between_o a_o instrument_n take_v in_o a_o lax_n notion_n and_o in_o a_o strict_a also_o between_o a_o moral_a and_o a_o physic_n instrument_n again_o between_o a_o active_a and_o passive_a instrument_n last_o between_o a_o pure_a instrument_n and_o a_o vital_a elevate_v instrument_n 4_o between_o effect_n natural_a and_o supernatural_a these_o distinction_n be_v premiss_v we_o shall_v state_n and_o determine_v our_o hypothesis_n in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n 1_o the_o causalitie_n of_o god_n be_v simple_o and_o universal_o principal_a yet_o that_o of_o second_o cause_n may_v be_v principal_a in_o its_o kind_n the_o concourse_n of_o god_n be_v so_o far_o principal_a as_o that_o it_o can_v and_o oft_o do_v produce_v its_o effect_n without_o the_o concourse_n of_o second_o cause_n but_o second_o cause_n can_v never_o produce_v their_o effect_n without_o the_o concourse_n of_o god_n the_o first_o cause_n 24._o hinc_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la operationes_fw-la hominis_fw-la bonas_fw-la quantumcunque_fw-la fiant_fw-la à _fw-la libera_fw-la voluntate_fw-la tribuere_fw-la solet_fw-la augustinus_fw-la ipsi_fw-la deo_fw-la tanquam_fw-la qui_fw-la per_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la ut_fw-la per_fw-la instrumentum_fw-la quod_fw-la pro_fw-la libero_fw-la svo_fw-la beneplacito_fw-la agit_fw-fr impellit_fw-la flectit_fw-la vertit_fw-la inclinat_fw-la quoliber_fw-la motus_fw-la ipsius_fw-la voluntatis_fw-la operetur_fw-la ipse_fw-la inquit_fw-la cantat_fw-la in_o nobis_fw-la cujus_fw-la gratia_fw-la cantamus_fw-la nempe_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la ista_fw-la non_fw-la ut_fw-la homini_fw-la libera_fw-la voluntas_fw-la sed_fw-la ut_fw-la gloriatio_fw-la de_fw-la sva_fw-la voluntate_fw-la tollatur_fw-la ne_fw-la pater_fw-la à _fw-la se_fw-la esse_fw-la quod_fw-la deus_fw-la donat_fw-la jansenius_n august_n tom._n 3._o l._n 2._o c._n 24._o there_o be_v no_o effect_n which_o the_o second_o cause_n produce_v but_o the_o first_o cause_n can_v produce_v it_o alone_o for_o his_o omnipotent_a concourse_n reach_v to_o all_o effect_n that_o imply_v not_o a_o contradiction_n without_o the_o least_o dependence_n on_o any_o second_o cause_n the_o second_o cause_n need_v the_o first_o in_o all_o its_o operation_n but_o the_o first_o cause_n need_v not_o the_o second_o in_o any_o yea_o where_o the_o first_o and_o second_o cause_n concur_v to_o the_o same_o effect_n the_o concourse_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n be_v infinite_o more_o principal_a than_o that_o of_o the_o second_o because_o the_o second_o cause_n act_v not_o but_o as_o act_v by_o the_o first_o cause_n the_o excitation_n application_n determination_n and_o actuation_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n be_v from_o the_o first_o yet_o we_o may_v not_o deny_v a_o principal_a efficience_n to_o some_o second_o cause_n so_o far_o as_o the_o first_o cause_n have_v communicate_v to_o they_o a_o virtue_n of_o their_o own_o to_o be_v communicate_v to_o their_o effect_n as_o it_o will_v appear_v by_o what_o follow_v
power_n in_o god_n distinct_a from_o his_o wil._n this_o proposition_n have_v be_v already_o demonstrate_v c._n 5._o §_o 4._o yet_o for_o more_o abundant_a conviction_n let_v we_o examine_v the_o origine_fw-la necessity_n and_o use_v of_o a_o executive_a power_n in_o the_o creature_n and_o then_o we_o shall_v see_v what_o little_a ground_n there_o be_v to_o ascribe_v the_o same_o to_o god_n the_o great_a assertor_n and_o promotor_n of_o executive_a power_n have_v be_v aristotle_n and_o his_o sectator_n who_o on_o false_a hypothesis_n presume_v that_o a_o substance_n can_v act_v immediate_o without_o some_o executive_a power_n which_o they_o make_v a_o species_n of_o quality_n albeit_o such_o kind_n of_o qualitative_a power_n be_v now_o general_o explode_v by_o all_o who_o resolve_v not_o to_o serve_v a_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n yet_o there_o still_o remain_v a_o place_n for_o executive_a power_n in_o nature_n when_o the_o principal_a agent_n can_v reach_v the_o effect_n immediate_o thus_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n put_v forth_o all_o act_n of_o sense_n and_o motion_n by_o some_o executive_a power_n yet_o the_o human_a soul_n can_v and_o do_v oft_o act_v immediate_o special_o in_o its_o immanent_a act_n without_o any_o executive_a power_n and_o thus_o god_n in_o all_o his_o effect_n act_n immediate_o by_o his_o omnipotent_a will_n without_o any_o executive_a power_n for_o he_o be_v present_a in_o and_o with_o all_o effect_n and_o therefore_o need_v no_o executive_a power_n to_o supply_v his_o absence_n again_o the_o will_n of_o god_n be_v omnipotent_a as_o c._n 5._o §_o 3._o and_o we_o shall_v anon_o prove_v it_o more_o full_o and_o therefore_o it_o need_v no_o executive_a power_n to_o execute_v what_o it_o will_v be_v not_o the_o divine_a will_n propose_v to_o we_o in_o sacred_a philosophic_a as_o irresistible_a and_o if_o it_o be_v so_o can_v it_o not_o then_o execute_v its_o own_o pleasure_n without_o any_o executive_a power_n indeed_o the_o great_a scholastic_a wit_n have_v espouse_v and_o defend_v this_o hypothesis_n namely_o that_o the_o will_n and_o executive_a power_n of_o god_n be_v real_o the_o same_o and_o not_o so_o much_o as_o rational_o or_o formal_o distinct_a thus_o joan._n major_n 2._o sent._n dist_n 1._o q._n 1._o prove_v that_o god_n create_v the_o world_n by_o his_o intellect_n and_o will_n without_o any_o executive_a power_n formal_o distinct_a of_o which_o hereafter_o §_o 5.4_o prop._n thus_o bradwardine_n l._n 2._o c._n 29._o alvarez_n de_fw-fr auxil_n l._n 2._o p._n 129._o with_o other_o of_o who_o in_o the_o next_o proposition_n and_o indeed_o suarez_n metaph._n disp_n 22._o s._n 2._o p._n 555._o do_v in_o part_n grant_v our_o hypothesis_n in_o that_o he_o acknowlege_v that_o the_o concourse_n of_o god_n as_o it_o regard_v the_o effective_a principe_fw-la be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o divine_a will_n which_o concur_v with_o the_o creature_n to_o its_o act_n this_o he_o call_v concursus_fw-la ad_fw-la intrà _fw-la the_o intern_a concourse_n which_o he_o make_v to_o be_v the_o principe_fw-la of_o all_o act_n adextrá_fw-fr yet_o i_o must_v confess_v elsewhere_o namely_o disp_a 30._o s._n 17._o he_o make_v mention_n of_o a_o executive_a power_n in_o god_n the_o same_o with_o his_o essence_n contain_v in_o it_o eminent_o all_o create_v perfection_n and_o so_o some_o divine_n as_o well_o as_o philosopher_n assert_v a_o executive_a power_n in_o god_n thus_o heereboord_n select_a exit_fw-la philosoph_n disp_n 8._o endeavour_n to_o prove_v that_o god_n concourse_n whereby_o he_o influence_v thing_n ad_fw-la extra_fw-la be_v not_o simple_o his_o volition_n because_o god_n volition_n simple_o be_v a_o immanent_a act_n but_o his_o concourse_n be_v a_o transient_a act_n ad_fw-la extra_fw-la but_o this_o argument_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o no_o weight_n because_o we_o easy_o grant_v that_o the_o concourse_n of_o god_n quoad_fw-la attingentiam_fw-la passivam_fw-la as_o to_o its_o passive_a attingence_n be_v distinct_a from_o god_n and_o the_o same_o with_o the_o concourse_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n or_o effect_n but_o that_o which_o we_o be_v now_o discourse_v of_o be_v the_o concourse_n of_o god_n in_o regard_n of_o its_o active_a attingence_n as_o it_o regard_v god_n the_o principe_n and_o in_o this_o respect_n we_o only_o assert_v that_o the_o concourse_n of_o god_n be_v the_o same_o with_o his_o volition_n simple_o consider_v this_o will_v be_v further_a evident_a by_o the_o next_o proposition_n 3._o prop._n the_o divine_a will_n be_v of_o itself_o omnipotent_a and_o efficacious_a omnipotent_a the_o divine_a will_n omnipotent_a this_o proposition_n be_v most_o evident_a 1_o because_o the_o divine_a will_n can_v be_v frustrate_v thus_o suarez_n 1.2_o ae_z tract_n 3._o disput_fw-la 11._o sect._n 2._o p._n 311._o we_o must_v say_v say_v he_o that_o when_o god_n will_v absolute_o and_o efficacious_o that_o man_n will_v somewhat_o the_o human_a will_n can_v discord_n from_o the_o divine_a the_o reason_n be_v clear_a because_o the_o divine_a will_n efficacious_a and_o simple_o absolute_a can_v be_v fruitrate_v see_v it_o be_v infinite_a so_o bradward_n l._n 1._o c._n 10._o now_o it_o remain_v to_o show_v that_o the_o divine_a will_n be_v universal_o efficacious_a insuperable_a and_o necessary_a in_o cause_v nor_o impedible_a and_o frustrablein_a any_o manner_n who_o know_v not_o that_o it_o necessary_o follow_v if_o god_n can_v do_v any_o thing_n and_o will_n it_o he_o do_v it_o 2_o the_o divine_a will_n be_v the_o universal_a first_o cause_n of_o allthing_n it_o can_v but_o be_v most_o efficacious_a for_o be_v not_o this_o the_o main_a difference_n between_o the_o first_o and_o second_o cause_n the_o universal_a and_o particular_a cause_n that_o this_o may_v fail_v of_o its_o effect_n but_o that_o can_v never_o a_o particular_a cause_n oft_o come_v short_a of_o its_o effect_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o interposition_n of_o some_o other_o particular_a cause_n that_o may_v impede_fw-la the_o same_o but_o the_o first_o universal_a cause_n can_v never_o come_v short_a of_o its_o effect_n because_o there_o be_v no_o other_o cause_n can_v interpose_v to_o hinder_v it_o 3_o the_o will_n of_o god_n be_v infinite_a therefore_o omnipotent_a and_o irresistible_a for_o where_o the_o power_n of_o the_o patient_n do_v not_o exceed_v or_o equalise_v the_o power_n of_o the_o agent_n there_o can_v be_v no_o prevalent_a resistance_n what_o then_o can_v resist_v the_o divine_a will_n which_o be_v infinite_a 4_o if_o the_o divine_a will_n be_v not_o omnipotent_a god_n be_v not_o infinite_o happy_a for_o every_o one_o be_v so_o far_o happy_a as_o his_o will_n be_v fulfil_v as_o aristor_n rhet._n l._n 2._o c._n 20._o 5_o it_o be_v a_o common_a hypothesis_n in_o the_o school_n ground_v on_o the_o high_a reason_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a but_o that_o the_o divine_a will_n shall_v attain_v its_o effect_n so_o aquinas_n part._n 1._o q._n 19_o a._n 6._o as_o other_o hence_o 4._o prop._n the_o divine_a will_n be_v of_o itself_o operative_a and_o influential_a on_o all_o second_o cause_n and_o effect_n thus_o augustin_n de_fw-fr trinit_fw-la l._n 3._o c._n 4._o itself_o the_o will_n of_o god_n operative_a of_o itself_o the_o will_n of_o god_n be_v the_o first_o and_o supreme_a cause_n of_o allthing_n again_o a_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v by_o god_n act_v when_o it_o be_v do_v by_o god_n willing_a 144._o apud_fw-la dominum_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la velle_fw-la quod_fw-la facere_fw-la qura_fw-la ex_fw-la ejus_fw-la voluntate_fw-la res_fw-la habent_fw-la esse_fw-la augustin_n in_o psal_n 144._o and_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o hypothesis_n be_v most_o manifest_a for_o 1_o if_o god_n will_n be_v not_o of_o itself_o operative_a and_o effective_a it_o be_v not_o the_o first_o principe_fw-la and_z cause_n of_o allthing_n 2_o the_o will_n of_o man_n be_v in_o some_o thing_n operative_a of_o itself_o and_o must_v we_o not_o allow_v the_o same_o prerogative_n to_o the_o will_n of_o god_n and_o if_o it_o be_v in_o something_n operative_a of_o itself_o why_o not_o in_o allthing_n may_v we_o not_o then_o hence_o conclude_v that_o there_o be_v no_o active_a operation_n or_o motion_n receive_v from_o god_n into_o the_o will_n or_o any_o other_o second_o cause_n but_o from_o the_o simple_a volition_n of_o god_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o human_a will_n or_o any_o other_o second_o cause_n necessary_o follow_v this_o be_v evident_a in_o the_o first_o creation_n of_o allthing_n for_o by_o god_n fiat_fw-la or_o volition_n which_o be_v eternal_a allthing_n be_v make_v in_o time_n without_o any_o other_o impression_n or_o concourse_n receive_v and_o if_o god_n first_o creation_n of_o allthing_n be_v by_o his_o simple_a volition_n without_o any_o transient_a concourse_n what_o hinder_v but_o that_o all_o other_o efficience_n of_o god_n shall_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n consist_v in_o the_o simple_a volition_n of_o his_o will_n without_o any_o transient_a
contradiction_n for_o what_o difference_n can_v be_v rational_o imagine_v between_o be_v eternal_a and_o be_v from_o eternity_n be_v not_o that_o which_o be_v without_o beginning_n eternal_a and_o can_v we_o imagine_v that_o to_o have_v a_o beginning_n which_o be_v from_o eternity_n can_v any_o effect_n and_o product_v of_o the_o divine_a will_v be_v commensurate_a to_o it_o in_o point_n of_o duration_n 2._o to_o create_v be_v the_o sole_a prerogative_n of_o god_n for_o 1_o the_o order_n of_o action_n must_v be_v according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o agent_n the_o most_o noble_a and_o supreme_a action_n can_v agree_v to_o any_o but_o the_o most_o noble_a and_o supreme_a agent_n and_o be_v not_o creation_n the_o most_o noble_a and_o supreme_a of_o all_o action_n can_v it_o then_o agree_v to_o any_o but_o the_o most_o noble_a and_o supreme_a agent_n god_n creation_n be_v the_o most_o perfect_a of_o all_o action_n by_o which_o a_o participate_v be_v may_v be_v communicate_v because_o it_o primary_o speak_v the_o production_n of_o the_o whole_a entity_n in_o its_o full_a latitude_n whence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o this_o action_n can_v be_v appropriate_v or_o attribute_v to_o any_o but_o the_o first_o cause_n who_o be_v be_v essential_o and_o of_o himself_o no_o participate_v be_v have_v force_n enough_o to_o produce_v the_o whole_a of_o be_v 2_o that_o creation_n be_v proper_a to_o god_n may_v be_v argue_v from_o the_o mode_n of_o efficience_n for_o creation_n suppose_v a_o omnipotence_n and_o independence_n in_o the_o creator_n in_o as_o much_o as_o he_o have_v no_o passive_a power_n or_o matter_n to_o work_v on_o but_o only_o a_o objective_a power_n or_o possibility_n of_o the_o object_n to_o be_v create_v which_o require_v a_o infinite_a active_a power_n in_o the_o agent_n for_o by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o remote_a the_o passive_a power_n be_v from_o act_n by_o so_o much_o the_o great_a ought_v the_o active_a power_n of_o the_o agent_n to_o be_v whence_o where_o there_o be_v no_o preexistent_a matter_n to_o work_v upon_o but_o a_o mere_a obediential_a objective_a power_n or_o nothing_o there_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o power_n and_o act_n be_v as_o to_o efficience_n infinite_a and_o impertransible_a by_o any_o finite_a power_n therefore_o nothing_o but_o a_o infinite_a power_n can_v bring_v the_o extreme_n nothing_n and_o something_o together_o 3_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o creation_n which_o be_v not_o a_o successive_a but_o a_o momentaneous_a action_n but_o all_o the_o production_n of_o second_o cause_n as_o they_o be_v inferior_a to_o and_o instrument_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n be_v successive_a motion_n for_o all_o instrument_n act_v and_o move_v in_o a_o way_n of_o succession_n 4_o from_o the_o limitation_n of_o all_o second_o cause_n for_o the_o most_o perfect_a of_o creature_n have_v only_o a_o precarious_a and_o participate_v be_v and_o therefore_o have_v not_o in_o themselves_o virtue_n or_o force_n enough_o to_o create_v the_o least_o of_o being_n to_o create_v require_v a_o virtue_n of_o the_o most_o supreme_a order_n invest_v with_o a_o active_a power_n in_o the_o most_o universal_a latitude_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v evident_a because_o the_o creative_a power_n extende_v itself_o to_o every_o thing_n creable_a neither_o do_v it_o expect_v on_o the_o part_n of_o its_o object_n any_o thing_n but_o a_o non-repugnance_a or_o obediential_a power_n that_o the_o effect_n may_v be_v this_o will_n more_o full_o appear_v from_o the_o follow_a thesis_n 3._o nothing_o creation_n the_o production_n of_o something_o out_o of_o nothing_o creation_n be_v the_o production_n of_o something_o out_o of_o nothing_o when_o we_o say_v creation_n be_v the_o production_n of_o something_o out_o of_o nothing_o the_o particle_n out_o of_o must_v not_o be_v understand_v as_o denote_v any_o succession_n of_o one_o thing_n after_o another_o for_o creation_n be_v but_o a_o instantaneous_a eduction_n but_o only_o the_o negation_n of_o a_o material_a cause_n now_o that_o god_n create_v allthing_n without_o any_o preexistent_a matter_n may_v be_v demonstrate_v 1_o from_o his_o independence_n and_o prime_a efficience_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n for_o the_o first_o independent_a cause_n be_v a_o pure_a simple_a act_n must_v necessary_o precede_v all_o matter_n and_o thence_o be_v the_o cause_n thereof_o that_o which_o be_v the_o first_o in_o being_n must_v necessary_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o first_o matter_n be_v produce_v by_o god_n out_o of_o no_o preexistent_a matter_n but_o out_o of_o nothing_o 2_o from_o the_o universal_a efficience_n of_o god_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n every_o agent_n so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v confine_v to_o matter_n so_o far_o it_o be_v particular_a and_o limit_v for_o to_o be_v confine_v to_o matter_n in_o act_v be_v to_o act_v in_o order_n to_o some_o determinate_a species_n whereunto_o that_o matter_n refer_v wherefore_o that_o agent_n which_o be_v universal_a and_o commensurate_a to_o all_o effect_n possible_a can_v be_v confine_v to_o matter_n such_o be_v the_o first_o cause_n 3_o from_o the_o universality_n of_o effect_n produce_v by_o creation_n by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o universal_a the_o effect_n be_v by_o so_o much_o the_o high_a the_o cause_n be_v and_o by_o how_o much_o the_o high_a the_o cause_n be_v by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o it_o be_v extend_v to_o all_o effect_n whence_o the_o effect_n of_o creation_n be_v of_o all_o most_o universal_a and_o the_o cause_n most_o high_a there_o can_v be_v suppose_v any_o preexistent_a matter_n out_o of_o which_o they_o be_v educe_v 4_o all_o production_n out_o of_o matter_n suppose_v successive_a motion_n and_o transmutation_n but_o creation_n be_v not_o a_o successive_a but_o momentaneous_a motion_n all_o at_o once_o all_o successive_a motion_n and_o mutation_n must_v necessary_o precede_v as_o to_o duration_n the_o effect_n produce_v by_o such_o a_o mutation_n or_o motion_n but_o creation_n do_v not_o by_o any_o kind_n of_o duration_n precede_v the_o thing_n create_v therefore_o it_o can_v be_v successive_a out_o of_o preexistent_a matter_n 4._o active_a creation_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o act_n of_o the_o divine_a will_n wil._n active_a creation_n the_o act_n of_o the_o divine_a wil._n as_o the_o effective_a principe_fw-la of_o allthing_n this_o hypothesis_n have_v be_v full_o explicate_v and_o demonstrate_v chap._n 5._o §_o 4._o of_o god_n executive_a power_n as_o c._n 7._o §_o 3._o and_o albeit_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o carry_v a_o novitie_n with_o it_o yet_o it_o have_v sufficient_a foundation_n both_o in_o sacred_a and_o scholastic_a philosophy_n as_o for_o sacred_a philosophy_n its_o very_a mode_n of_o express_v god_n active_a efficience_n in_o create_v allthing_n plain_o show_v that_o it_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o act_n of_o the_o divine_a wil._n 1.3_o gen._n 1.3_o thus_o gen._n 1.3_o and_o god_n say_v let_v there_o be_v light_n which_o word_n or_o say_n of_o god_n can_v be_v understand_v of_o no_o other_o than_o the_o act_n of_o his_o divine_a wil._n for_o speech_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d here_o and_o elsewhere_o ascribe_v to_o god_n thereby_o to_o express_v the_o effication_n efficience_n of_o his_o divine_a will_n in_o the_o production_n of_o allthing_n thus_o maimonides_n more_n nevochim_n part._n 1._o c._n 65._o demonstrate_v that_o this_o speech_n or_o word_n whereby_o allthing_n be_v make_v must_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o divine_a will_n not_o of_o any_o proper_a speech_n because_o all_o speech_n whereby_o any_o thing_n be_v command_v must_v necessary_o be_v direct_v to_o some_o be_v existent_a and_o capable_a of_o receive_v such_o a_o command_n but_o there_o be_v no_o be_v then_o existent_a therefore_o it_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o divine_a wil._n thus_o hebr._n 11.3_o the_o world_n be_v frame_v by_o the_o word_n of_o god_n so_o 2_o pet._n 3.5_o by_o the_o word_n of_o god_n the_o heaven_n be_v of_o old_a an_z why_o be_v the_o efficience_n of_o the_o divine_a will_n in_o create_v allthing_n express_v by_o the_o word_n of_o god_n but_o to_o show_v that_o as_o we_o when_o we_o will_v have_v any_o thing_n do_v express_v our_o will_n by_o our_o word_n of_o command_n so_o god_n express_v what_o he_o will_v have_v accomplish_v by_o his_o fiat_n or_o creative_a word_n see_v more_o of_o this_o effective_a word_n in_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n §_o 3._o this_o hypothesis_n of_o god_n create_v allthing_n by_o his_o will_n have_v find_v patron_n not_o a_o few_o among_o the_o most_o accurate_a scholastic_a theologue_n thus_o joan._n major_n sentent_fw-fr 2._o do_v 1._o q._n 3._o prove_v that_o god_n produce_v the_o world_n by_o his_o mere_a intellection_n and_o volition_n without_o any_o other_o productive_a power_n and_o his_o argument_n be_v these_o 1_o the_o human_a will_n do_v not_o want_v any_o
moreover_o work_v immediate_o both_o by_o the_o immediation_n of_o virtue_n and_o essence_n in_o and_o with_o those_o mean_n hence_o esa_n 28.26_o god_n be_v say_v to_o teach_v the_o husbandman_n to_o plough_v i._n e._n how_o to_o cultivate_v and_o manage_v his_o ground_n as_o also_o to_o sow_v his_o seed_n etc._n etc._n that_o no_o inferior_a agent_n or_o second_o cause_n can_v execute_v any_o piece_n of_o divine_a providence_n providence_n no_o second_o cause_n can_v act_v but_o in_o subordination_n to_o god_n and_o by_o his_o providence_n but_o in_o virtue_n receive_v from_o and_o subordination_n to_o god_n the_o prime_a cause_n be_v most_o evident_a 1_o because_o where_o diverse_a agent_n subserve_v one_o supreme_a agent_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o effect_n be_v produce_v by_o they_o in_o commun_n as_o they_o be_v unite_v in_o the_o participation_n of_o motion_n and_o influence_n from_o the_o supreme_a agent_n for_o many_o can_v produce_v one_o effect_n but_o as_o one_o now_o the_o subservient_fw-fr agent_n of_o providence_n be_v so_o far_o one_o in_o their_o execution_n as_o they_o be_v subordinate_a to_o and_o influence_v by_o god_n the_o supreme_a agent_n 2_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o virtue_n and_o efficace_n of_o the_o second_o agent_n be_v from_o the_o virtue_n and_o influx_n of_o the_o first_o agent_n and_o be_v not_o god_n the_o first_o agent_n in_o all_o execution_n of_o providence_n 3_o all_o operation_n consequent_a to_o any_o influence_n be_v ascribe_v to_o that_o which_o give_v the_o influence_n as_o the_o proper_a cause_n thereof_o and_o do_v not_o all_o second_o cause_n receive_v their_o influence_n from_o god_n must_v not_o then_o all_o their_o execution_n and_o operation_n be_v ascribe_v to_o he_o as_o the_o prime_a cause_n 4_o all_o action_n that_o can_v subsiste_v without_o the_o impression_n and_o influence_n of_o some_o agent_n must_v be_v attribute_v to_o that_o agent_n as_o the_o cause_n thereof_o now_o can_v any_o execution_n of_o second_o cause_n subsist_v without_o the_o impression_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n must_v they_o not_o then_o all_o be_v attribute_v to_o he_o 5_o whatever_o apply_v the_o active_a virtue_n or_o draw_v it_o forth_o to_o act_v may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o act_n as_o a_o artificer_n by_o apply_v the_o virtue_n of_o any_o natural_a thing_n to_o any_o action_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o action_n now_o be_v not_o all_o application_n of_o any_o virtue_n in_o providential_a execution_n from_o god_n be_v he_o not_o then_o the_o cause_n of_o all_o such_o execution_n 6_o do_v not_o the_o virtue_n of_o every_o inferior_a agent_n depend_v on_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o superior_a agent_n as_o such_o and_o be_v not_o all_o second_o cause_n in_o providential_a execution_n inferior_a agent_n as_o to_o god_n the_o supreme_a agent_n 7_o be_v not_o every_o worker_n by_o its_o operation_n ordain_v to_o its_o last_o end_n and_o who_o in_o all_o providential_a operation_n ordain_v thing_n to_o their_o last_o end_n but_o god_n the_o first_o cause_n of_o all_o 8_o as_o particular_a cause_n be_v refer_v to_o particular_a effect_n so_o the_o universal_a cause_n to_o universal_a effect_n and_o be_v not_o god_n the_o universal_a cause_n of_o all_o effect_n 9_o to_o subtract_v or_o withdraw_v any_o providential_a execution_n from_o god_n ordination_n and_o efficience_n what_o be_v this_o but_o to_o subvert_v the_o best_a order_n even_o the_o subordination_n of_o second_o cause_n to_o the_o first_o 10_o god_n be_v intimely_a present_a with_o and_o in_o all_o providential_a execution_n and_o therefore_o can_v but_o influence_n the_o same_o the_o mover_n and_o move_v be_v always_o together_o god_n be_v the_o prime_a mover_n in_o all_o motion_n and_o therefore_o present_a with_o all_o the_o application_n of_o active_n unto_o passive_n be_v by_o he_o that_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o execution_n of_o providence_n but_o what_o be_v influence_v by_o god_n see_v aquinas_n contra_fw-la gent._n lib._n 3._o cap._n 67_o 68_o 70_o 76_o 77._o not_o to_o mention_v the_o various_a mean_n spirit_n fire_v the_o create_v universal_a spirit_n instrument_n and_o second_o cause_n which_o god_n employ_v in_o his_o providential_a efficience_n there_o be_v one_o which_o deserve_v a_o particular_a disquisition_n namely_o fire_n which_o be_v in_o its_o kind_n a_o universal_a mundane_a spirit_n the_o most_o potent_a instrument_n of_o nature_n and_o art_n and_o that_o which_o subserve_v the_o spirit_n of_o god_n the_o supreme_a increate_v universal_a spirit_n in_o all_o material_a production_n of_o providence_n as_o for_o the_o origine_fw-la of_o this_o create_v mundane_a spirit_n 1.3_o gen._n 1.3_o moses_n give_v it_o we_o gen._n 1.3_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d light_n or_o fire_n part_n of_o which_o be_v disperse_v among_o the_o celestial_a light_n or_o fire_n and_o part_v diffuse_v into_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o conservation_n animation_n vivification_n and_o nutrition_n of_o all_o part_n of_o the_o universe_n plato_n make_v frequent_a mention_n of_o fire_n as_o the_o most_o potent_a natural_a principe_fw-la or_o mundane_a spirit_n whereby_o allthing_n be_v foment_v agitate_a animate_v and_o perfect_v so_o in_o his_o timaeus_n p._n 31._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n nothing_o seem_v void_a of_o fire_n etc._n etc._n so_o p._n 56_o &_o 58._o he_o make_v fire_n to_o be_v the_o universal_a spirit_n diffuse_v throughout_o all_o part_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o elsewhere_o he_o call_v fire_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o great_a opificer_n of_o various_a effect_n and_o not_o only_o the_o chemist_n but_o also_o the_o stoic_n and_o most_o of_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n ascribe_v to_o fire_v a_o universal_a efficience_n as_o to_o all_o corporeous_a effect_n whence_o do_v all_o mineral_n metal_n and_o stone_n receive_v their_o origine_fw-la but_z from_o subterraneous_a fire_n what_o give_v rise_v to_o all_o vapour_n and_o fountain_n but_o fire_n whence_o proceed_v the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n with_o its_o saltness_n but_o from_o fire_n what_o give_v life_n and_o motion_n to_o all_o infect_v but_o fire_n either_o celestial_a or_o terrestrial_a whence_o spring_v the_o fermentation_n of_o humour_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n at_o spring_n with_o the_o vegetation_n and_o fructification_n of_o plant_n but_o from_o fire_n what_o be_v the_o animal_n soul_n of_o brute_n and_o of_o man_n body_n but_o a_o more_o pure_a aethereous_a fire_n these_o thing_n be_v more_o large_o demonstrate_v in_o our_o philosoph_n general_n p._n 1._o l._n 3._o in_o plato_n physics_n may_v we_o not_o then_o hence_o conclude_v that_o fire_n be_v a_o second_o mundane_a universal_a spirit_n under_o the_o spirit_n of_o god_n most_o efficacious_a and_o potent_a in_o all_o natural_a corporeous_a production_n and_o execution_n of_o providence_n §_o 4._o universal_a the_o object_n of_o divine_a providence_n universal_a have_v finish_v the_o principal_a and_o instrumental_a effective_a principes_fw-la of_o providence_n we_o now_o proceed_v to_o its_o object_n which_o according_a to_o sacred_a philosophy_n be_v of_o the_o most_o universal_a latitude_n according_a to_o the_o extension_n of_o divine_a omnipotence_n and_o efficience_n there_o be_v nothing_o so_o high_a as_o to_o be_v above_o divine_a providence_n nothing_o so_o low_a as_o to_o be_v beneath_o it_o nothing_o so_o ample_a and_o extensive_a as_o that_o it_o can_v be_v limit_v by_o it_o nothing_o so_o free_a as_o to_o second_o cause_n but_o it_o be_v necessary_o determine_v by_o it_o nothing_o so_o natural_a and_o necessary_a but_o its_o operation_n may_v be_v suspend_v by_o it_o as_o the_o fiery_a furnace_n wherein_o the_o three_o child_n be_v last_o nothing_o so_o evil_a but_o this_o divine_a providence_n can_v bring_v good_a out_o of_o it_o among_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n there_o be_v different_a persuasion_n about_o the_o object_n of_o divine_a providence_n and_o its_o latitude_n epicurus_n and_o some_o before_o he_o altogether_o deny_v the_o providence_n of_o god_n as_o before_o aristotle_n as_o grotius_n affirm_v confine_v the_o providence_n of_o god_n to_o celestial_a body_n yet_o laertius_n say_v he_o hold_v that_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n do_v reach_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n even_o to_o thing_n celestial_a and_o that_o he_o dispose_v thing_n terrestrial_a according_a to_o the_o sympathy_n they_o have_v with_o thing_n celestial_a some_o among_o the_o hebrew_n hold_v that_o god_n providence_n extend_v to_o man_n but_o not_o unto_o bests_n which_o sentiment_n some_o impute_v to_o pythagoras_n who_o much_o imitate_v the_o hebrew_n some_o also_o among_o the_o arabian_n assert_v a_o providence_n about_o universals_z or_o thing_n in_o commun_n but_o not_o about_o singulars_n which_o sentiment_n justin_n martyr_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o colloque_n with_o
tryphon_n reprehend_v in_o some_o of_o the_o grecian_a philosopher_n as_o impious_a but_o plato_n strong_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n extende_v to_o allthing_n even_o the_o most_o minute_n so_o leg._n 10._o pag._n 902._o but_o what_o if_o a_o physician_n be_v willing_a and_o able_a to_o cure_v the_o whole_a body_n if_o he_o shall_v provide_v for_o the_o great_a distemper_n but_o neglect_v the_o lesser_a will_v the_o cure_n be_v successful_a no_o sure_o so_o in_o like_a manner_n neither_o gubernator_n of_o ship_n nor_o imperator_n of_o soldier_n nor_o master_n of_o family_n nor_o minister_n of_o state_n nor_o any_o sort_n of_o man_n can_v well_o manage_v their_o affair_n unless_o they_o provide_v for_o small_a thing_n as_o well_o as_o great_a thence_o architect_n deny_v that_o great_a stone_n can_v be_v well_o cement_v or_o join_v together_o in_o a_o build_n without_o small_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n let_v we_o not_o then_o conceit_n that_o god_n be_v more_o vile_a than_o mortal_a opificer_n who_o by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o skilful_a they_o be_v by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o exquisite_o and_o accurate_o by_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o own_o art_n they_o consider_v both_o great_a and_o small_a thing_n in_o such_o work_n that_o belong_v to_o their_o art_n thence_o he_o conclude_v pag._n 903._o it_o seem_v to_o i_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o god_n do_v most_o easy_o and_o opportune_o provide_v for_o allthing_n this_o also_o the_o stoic_n general_o assert_v whereof_o we_o find_v a_o excellent_a account_n in_o arrianus_n his_o collection_n of_o epictetus_n philosophy_n l._n 1._o c._n 12._o pag._n 118._o there_o be_v some_o say_v he_o who_o assert_v there_o be_v no_o god_n other_o that_o grant_v there_o be_v a_o god_n but_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o he_o be_v slothful_a and_o negligent_a and_o provident_a of_o nothing_o i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v the_o epicurean_o a_o three_o sort_n who_o hold_v that_o there_o be_v a_o god_n and_o that_o he_o be_v provident_a but_o only_o of_o great_a and_o celestial_a thing_n not_o of_o terrene_a a_o four_o sort_n allow_v he_o a_o providence_n over_o terrestrial_a as_o well_o as_o celestial_a but_o only_o in_o commun_n not_o as_o to_o singular_n and_o particular_n a_o five_o sort_n of_o which_o number_n be_v ulysses_n and_o socrates_n assert_v that_o a_o man_n can_v not_o so_o much_o as_o move_v without_o god_n thence_o he_o go_v on_o to_o demonstrate_v god_n providence_n over_o all_o thing_n that_o god_n providence_n extende_v itself_o universal_o to_o all_o and_o singular_a being_n action_n substance_n accident_n modes_n etc._n etc._n may_v be_v demonstrate_v 1_o from_o the_o infinite_a omniscience_n and_o prescience_n of_o god_n which_o extende_v itself_o to_o the_o most_o minute_n singular_n 2_o from_o the_o omnipotent_a will_n of_o god_n which_o give_v futurition_n determination_n limit_n activity_n and_o operation_n to_o allthing_n 3_o from_o the_o prime_n and_o universal_a efficience_n of_o god_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n of_o allthing_n whatever_o be_v ens_fw-la by_o participation_n must_v proceed_v effective_o from_o god_n who_o be_v ens_fw-la by_o essence_n and_o if_o it_o proceed_v from_o he_o it_o must_v necessary_o fall_v under_o his_o providence_n 4_o from_o the_o certain_a determination_n futurition_n and_o order_n of_o all_o effect_n either_o allthing_n must_v fall_v under_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n or_o something_n must_v happen_v mere_o by_o chance_n without_o any_o certain_a cause_n of_o their_o futurition_n 5_o from_o the_o justice_n of_o god_n in_o reward_v what_o be_v good_a and_o punish_v what_o be_v evil_a for_o the_o execution_n of_o divine_a justice_n depend_v on_o his_o providence_n that_o god_n providence_n extende_v to_o all_o singular_n even_o to_o thing_n most_o contingent_a and_o minute_n be_v acute_o demonstrate_v by_o aquinas_n contra_fw-la gent._n l._n 3._o c._n 71_o 72_o 73_o 75_o 76._o so_o de_fw-fr potentia_fw-la dei_fw-la quaest_n 20._o he_o prove_v that_o god_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o every_o action_n both_o natural_a and_o voluntary_a five_o way_n 1_o by_o give_v virtue_n to_o act_v 2_o by_o continue_a conservation_n of_o that_o virtue_n 3_o by_o move_v the_o agent_n to_o act_v and_o apply_v the_o virtue_n to_o the_o action_n 4_o as_o he_o be_v the_o principal_a agent_n in_o every_o act_n and_o all_o other_o agent_n but_o instrument_n 5_o as_o he_o act_v immediate_o in_o all_o act_n of_o second_o agent_n as_o for_o the_o particular_a object_n unto_o which_o divine_a providence_n extende_v itself_o they_o may_v be_v thus_o distribute_v providence_n the_o particular_a object_n of_o providence_n 1_o all_o natural_a being_n even_n the_o most_o minute_n and_o imperceptible_a fall_n under_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n sacred_a philosophy_n make_v mention_n of_o the_o hair_n of_o the_o head_n which_o be_v vile_a and_o contemptible_a even_o to_o a_o proverb_n yea_o all_o natural_a generation_n corruption_n alteration_n motion_n and_o action_n be_v subject_a to_o god_n providence_n not_o only_o the_o generic_n nature_n and_o species_n of_o thing_n both_o substance_n and_o accident_n be_v determine_v by_o god_n but_o also_o all_o individual_n and_o singular_n with_o all_o their_o circumstance_n and_o mode_n yea_o thing_n most_o minute_n thus_o bradwardine_n pag._n 7_o 25_o 291._o prove_n that_o the_o least_o thing_n come_v under_o god_n prescience_n and_o providence_n 2_o allthing_n necessary_a or_o contingent_a there_o be_v nothing_o so_o contingent_a or_o free_a as_o to_o any_o second_o cause_n but_o it_o be_v determine_v and_o fore-ordained_n by_o divine_a providence_n as_o aquinas_n accurate_o demonstrate_v contra_fw-la gent._n l._n 3._o c._n 71_o 72_o 73._o so_o bradwardine_n pag._n 271_o 274._o what_o more_o contingent_a than_o the_o lot_n and_o yet_o this_o fall_v under_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n as_o prov._n 16.33_o the_o lot_n be_v cast_v into_o the_o lap_n but_o the_o whole_a dispose_n of_o it_o be_v of_o the_o lord_n 3_o allthing_n politic_a all_o revolution_n alteration_n advances_n declination_n with_o all_o other_o politic_a concern_v of_o state_n be_v order_v and_o govern_v by_o divine_a providence_n 4_o allthing_n human_a all_o man_n thought_n inclination_n interest_n design_n and_o undertakement_n be_v subordinate_a to_o providence_n hence_o 5_o all_o sinful_a act_n fall_v under_o the_o same_o 6_o ecclesiastic_a affair_n and_o supernatural_a act_n end_n and_o effect_n be_v order_v by_o divine_a providence_n of_o which_o hereafter_o in_o sum_n god_n providence_n extende_v itself_o to_o all_o those_o thing_n unto_o which_o his_o omnipotent_a will_n efficience_n and_o causalitie_n extende_v i._n e._n unto_o whatever_o come_v within_o the_o notion_n of_o real_a entity_n it_o reach_v all_o natural_a preternatural_a supernatural_a and_o moral_a action_n and_o event_n when_o man_n contradict_v god_n will_v of_o precept_n do_v they_o not_o obey_v or_o sulfil_v his_o will_n of_o providence_n be_v any_o thing_n so_o great_a that_o it_o come_v not_o within_o his_o power_n or_o so_o small_a that_o it_o come_v not_o within_o his_o care_n i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a how_o much_o some_o of_o late_a as_o well_o divine_v as_o physician_n have_v assay_v to_o exempt_a the_o period_n or_o term_n of_o human_a life_n from_o the_o immutable_a determination_n of_o divine_a providence_n but_o how_o much_o this_o hypothesis_n contradicte_v both_o pagan_a and_o sacred_a philosophy_n will_v be_v more_o full_o evident_a by_o what_o follow_v §_o 5._o from_o the_o effective_a principes_fw-la and_o object_n of_o divine_a providence_n providence_n the_o adjunct_n of_o providence_n as_o before_o state_v there_o follow_v many_o essential_a adjunct_n and_o character_n thereof_o as_o 1._o providence_n be_v not_o mere_o permissive_a efficacious_a 1._o it_o be_v efficacious_a but_o energetic_a and_o efficacious_a for_o 1_o divine_a providence_n necessary_o suppose_v not_o only_o a_o intention_n of_o a_o end_n and_o the_o order_n or_o dispose_n of_o mean_n but_o also_o the_o assecution_n and_o attainment_n of_o the_o end_n it_o be_v true_a human_a providence_n as_o such_o may_v provide_v mean_v most_o proper_a and_o expedient_a and_o yet_o by_o the_o interposition_n of_o other_o second_o cause_n come_v short_a of_o its_o end_n but_o divine_a providence_n always_o reach_v its_o end_n thus_o homer_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d god_n counsel_n and_o decree_n be_v always_o fulfil_v 2_o all_o second_o cause_n be_v subject_a unto_o and_o therefore_o can_v no_o way_n impede_fw-la or_o hinder_v divine_a providence_n whence_o arise_v all_o active_a and_o passive_a virtue_n in_o second_o cause_n but_o from_o divine_a disposition_n be_v it_o possible_a then_o that_o the_o execution_n of_o divine_a providence_n shall_v be_v hinder_v by_o the_o force_n or_o defect_n of_o any_o inferior_a agent_n or_o patient_n be_v not_o all_o natural_a agent_n instrument_n of_o divine_a providence_n
rector_n of_o allthing_n thus_o we_o may_v apply_v eccles_n 8.4_o where_o the_o word_n of_o a_o king_n be_v there_o be_v power_n or_o domination_n and_o who_o can_v say_v to_o he_o what_o do_v thou_o i._o e._n by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o sovereign_n any_o person_n be_v by_o so_o much_o the_o great_a be_v his_o domination_n god_n be_v king_n of_o king_n and_o lord_n of_o lord_n must_v necessary_o be_v most_o absolute_a in_o power_n and_o domination_n this_o be_v oft_o inculcate_v by_o plato_n and_o carry_v with_o it_o its_o own_o evidence_n for_o 1_o allthing_n receive_v their_o be_v perfection_n virtue_n and_o operation_n from_o god_n it_o can_v be_v but_o that_o he_o shall_v have_v a_o absolute_a dominion_n and_o sovereign_n empire_n over_o they_o 2_o allthing_n tend_v to_o god_n as_o their_o last_o end_n therefore_o he_o be_v the_o supreme_a rector_n of_o al._n for_o when_o many_o thing_n tend_v to_o one_o last_o end_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o there_o be_v some_o supreme_a rector_n and_o moderator_n that_o ordain_v they_o thereto_o for_o gubernation_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o direct_v the_o thing_n govern_v to_o their_o last_o end_n thus_o aquinas_n 1._o q._n 103._o a._n 3._o see_v the_o end_n of_o the_o gubernation_n of_o the_o world_n be_v the_o best_a good_a it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o gubernation_n of_o the_o world_n be_v best_a but_o now_o the_o best_a gubernation_n be_v that_o which_o be_v by_o one_o etc._n etc._n 3_o god_n be_v infinite_o wise_a to_o order_v allthing_n and_o potent_a to_o bring_v they_o to_o their_o end_n therefore_o he_o be_v the_o supreme_a moderator_n of_o al._n so_o plato_n leg._n 10._o p._n 902._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o that_o god_n who_o be_v most_o wise_a both_o can_v and_o will_v take_v care_n of_o his_o own_o creature_n etc._n etc._n 4_o the_o bonitie_n of_o god_n argue_v he_o to_o be_v the_o absolute_a rector_n of_o allthing_n for_o it_o belong_v to_o divine_a bonitie_n to_o reduce_v allthing_n make_v by_o he_o to_o those_o proper_a end_n for_o which_o they_o be_v make_v whatever_o flow_v from_o god_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n must_v return_v to_o he_o as_o the_o last_o end_n 5_o this_o be_v the_o great_a concern_v of_o divine_a gubernation_n to_o see_v that_o allthing_n reach_v the_o end_n for_o which_o they_o be_v make_v for_o thing_n will_v never_o certain_o and_o infallible_o reach_v the_o end_n for_o which_o they_o be_v make_v unless_o they_o be_v direct_v and_o govern_v by_o the_o same_o power_n which_o make_v they_o it_o argue_v imperfection_n in_o a_o artificer_n not_o to_o direct_v the_o work_n he_o make_v to_o the_o end_n for_o which_o it_o be_v make_v and_o may_v we_o impute_v such_o a_o imperfection_n to_o the_o first_o framer_n of_o allthing_n hence_o 2._o prop._n divine_a gubernation_n propose_v the_o glory_n of_o god_n as_o the_o last_o end_n of_o a_o thing_n gubernation_n the_o last_o end_n of_o divine_a gubernation_n what_o be_v all_o gubernation_n but_o the_o direct_a allthing_n to_o some_o last_o end_n and_o what_o be_v the_o last_o end_n of_o allthing_n but_o the_o glory_n of_o god_n thus_o plato_n leg._n 10._o pag_n 903._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d let_v we_o persuade_v this_o young_a man_n that_o he_o who_o by_o his_o providence_n take_v the_o care_n of_o the_o whole_a that_o he_o may_v conserve_v and_o adorn_v it_o with_o necessary_a virtue_n do_v wise_o dispose_v and_o order_n allthing_n to_o this_o end_n the_o force_n and_o efficace_n of_o who_o providence_n do_v diffuse_v itself_o into_o all_o part_n of_o the_o universe_n according_a to_o their_o nature_n whereby_o he_o explicate_v to_o we_o how_o god_n do_v order_n and_o dispose_v allthing_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a and_o his_o own_o glory_n this_o he_o more_o full_o lay_v open_a in_o what_o follow_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n but_o thou_o know_v not_o that_o all_o generation_n of_o singular_n be_v for_o this_o that_o the_o life_n of_o the_o whole_a may_v be_v bless_v his_o essence_n be_v not_o for_o thy_o sake_n but_o thou_o be_v make_v for_o his_o sake_n for_o every_o physician_n and_o every_o skilful_a artificer_n make_v all_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o whole_a aspire_v after_o the_o commun_n utility_n thence_o he_o make_v not_o the_o whole_a for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o part_n but_o the_o part_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o whole_a but_o thou_o be_v full_a of_o indignation_n because_o thou_o can_v not_o see_v how_o that_o which_o be_v best_a may_v accord_v with_o the_o commun_n good_a and_o thy_o proper_a interest_n here_o be_v several_a thing_n remarkable_a for_o explication_n and_o demonstration_n that_o the_o glory_n of_o god_n be_v the_o last_o end_n of_o divine_a gubernation_n 1_o he_o say_v all_o singular_n be_v for_o this_o that_o the_o life_n of_o the_o whole_a may_v be_v bless_v why_o may_v we_o not_o by_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o whole_a understand_v god_n that_o plato_n sometime_o understande_v god_n by_o this_o notion_n special_o in_o his_o timaeus_n pag._n 90._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o contemplation_n of_o the_o whole_a etc._n etc._n i_o can_v easy_o persuade_v myself_o 2_o but_o grant_v that_o we_o must_v understand_v this_o of_o the_o universe_n strict_o take_v yet_o it_o must_v at_o last_o be_v resolve_v into_o god_n for_o be_v not_o the_o universe_n and_o allthing_n else_o for_o god_n sake_n not_o god_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o universe_n 3_o plato_n illustrate_v this_o by_o the_o symbol_n of_o a_o wise_a physician_n and_o skilful_a artificer_n who_o work_v all_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o be_v not_o the_o divine_a bonitie_n and_o glory_n that_o great_a university_n or_o whole_a into_o which_o all_o low_a end_n must_v be_v melt_v 4_o plato_n blame_v his_o young_a atheist_n and_o in_o he_o the_o most_o of_o man_n for_o prefer_v their_o private_a good_a before_o the_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a which_o theology_n teach_v be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o glory_n of_o god_n that_o allthing_n be_v order_v and_o dispose_v by_o divine_a gubernation_n for_o the_o glory_n of_o god_n be_v manifest_a 1_o from_o the_o prime_a motion_n and_o causalitie_n of_o god_n for_o god_n be_v the_o prime_a motor_n of_o allthing_n and_o move_v by_o nothing_o it_o thence_o necessary_o follow_v that_o by_o his_o providence_n he_o govern_v and_o move_v allthing_n to_o himself_o as_o the_o last_o end_n the_o order_n of_o end_n necessary_o answer_v the_o order_n of_o agent_n the_o first_o cause_n and_o motor_n must_v needs_o be_v the_o last_o end_n of_o allthing_n 2_o from_o god_n dominion_n over_o allthing_n every_o agent_n have_v power_n to_o use_v his_o own_o work_n for_o the_o end_n he_o make_v they_o and_o be_v not_o all_o creature_n the_o work_n of_o god_n hand_n have_v he_o not_o then_o power_n to_o use_v they_o for_o his_o own_o glory_n 3_o from_o the_o perfection_n which_o allthing_n acquire_v by_o subserve_v the_o glory_n of_o god_n by_o how_o much_o the_o near_o any_o creature_n approach_v to_o the_o divine_a bonitie_n by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o perfect_a it_o be_v and_o be_v not_o every_o thing_n by_o so_o much_o the_o near_o the_o divine_a bonitie_n by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o subservient_fw-fr it_o be_v to_o the_o glory_n of_o god_n it_o be_v a_o good_a say_v of_o the_o spurious_a dionysius_n the_o supreme_a bonitie_n convertes_o allthing_n unto_o itself_o which_o all_o desire_n as_o their_o last_o end_n and_o by_o which_o they_o all_o subsist_v as_o their_o most_o perfect_a end_n hence_o 3._o prop._n the_o order_n whereby_o divine_a gubernation_n dispose_v and_o reduce_v allthing_n to_o their_o last_o end_n be_v most_o fix_a 40.26_o the_o order_n of_o divine_a gubernation_n fix_v esa_n 40.26_o immobile_a and_o perfect_a this_o according_a to_o sacred_a philosophy_n be_v well_o express_v esa_n 40.26_o lift_v up_o your_o eye_n on_o high_a and_o behold_v who_o have_v create_v these_o thing_n that_o bring_v out_o their_o host_n by_o number_n he_o call_v they_o all_o by_o name_n by_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o might_n for_o that_o he_o be_v strong_a in_o power_n not_o one_o fail_v observe_v here_o 1_o he_o call_v on_o mankind_n to_o lift_v up_o their_o eye_n for_o the_o contemplation_n of_o the_o creature_n thereby_o to_o instruct_v themselves_o in_o the_o gubernation_n of_o god_n 2_o he_o find_v divine_a gubernation_n on_o omnipotent_a creation_n 3_o he_o express_v god_n fix_v admirable_a order_n in_o govern_v thing_n special_o the_o celestial_a body_n by_o bring_v out_o their_o host_n by_o number_n o_o what_o a_o accurate_a order_n do_v all_o the_o celestial_a body_n observe_v in_o their_o motion_n be_v not_o every_o one_o number_a and_o range_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n by_o
law_n of_o their_o nature_n apt_a to_o obey_v the_o first_o independent_a cause_n namely_o god_n in_o the_o receive_n or_o act_v any_o possible_a effect_n that_o imply_v not_o a_o contradiction_n albeit_o it_o may_v exceed_v the_o natural_a capacity_n force_n or_o efficace_n of_o their_o being_n so_o that_o this_o obediential_a power_n regard_v supernatural_a effect_n which_o the_o second_o cause_n can_v reach_v by_o its_o own_o virtue_n and_o activity_n but_o only_o as_o elevate_v by_o the_o efficacious_a concourse_n of_o god_n thus_o the_o humanity_n of_o christ_n have_v a_o obediential_a power_n to_o the_o hypostatic_a union_n unto_o which_o it_o be_v elevate_v by_o the_o supernatural_a efficacitie_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o god_n this_o obediential_a power_n which_o be_v essential_a to_o every_o dependent_a be_v be_v found_v in_o the_o participation_n and_o limitation_n of_o a_o creature_n and_o its_o subordination_n to_o the_o absolute_a dominion_n of_o god_n of_o which_o more_o anon_o hence_o 4_o every_o dependent_a be_v be_v contingent_a for_o whatever_o have_v any_o passive_a or_o obediential_a power_n be_v obnoxious_a to_o the_o sovereign_a pleasure_n and_o concourse_n of_o its_o first_o cause_n to_o which_o it_o owe_v absolute_a obedience_n even_o to_o annihilation_n hence_o 5_o every_o dependent_a be_v be_v defectible_a for_o as_o it_o be_v essential_a to_o the_o first_o independent_a be_v to_o be_v indefectible_a so_o also_o to_o all_o second_o dependent_a being_n to_o be_v defectible_a the_o supreme_a god_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d self-being_a and_o self-sufficient_a a_o pure_a simple_a act_n without_o the_o least_o matter_n or_o passive_a power_n it_o be_v impossible_a that_o he_o shall_v ever_o fail_v in_o any_o thing_n but_o every_o creature_n be_v ens_fw-la or_o be_v by_o participation_n and_o so_o compose_v of_o something_o and_o nothing_o or_o of_o act_n and_o pfassive_a power_n it_o can_v be_v but_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v defectible_a or_o apt_a to_o fail_v which_o be_v the_o root_n of_o its_o dependence_n as_o it_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o next_o proposition_n §_o 4._o power_n the_o origine_fw-la of_o dependence_n 1._o passive_a power_n the_o root_n and_o origine_fw-la of_o all_o creatural_a dependence_n be_v the_o creature_n passive_a power_n and_o god_n absolute_a dominion_n ever_o it_o 1._o one_o root_n and_o origine_fw-la of_o all_o creatural_a dependence_n be_v that_o passive_a power_n which_o every_o creature_n be_v invest_v with_o for_o the_o explication_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v that_o all_o creature_n be_v educe_v by_o god_n out_o of_o nothing_o still_o retain_v a_o tincture_n or_o mixture_n of_o their_o primitive_a nothing_o so_o that_o no_o creature_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v pure_a be_v for_o this_o be_v a_o attribute_n peculiar_a to_o the_o first_o independent_a be_v who_o name_n be_v exod._n 3.14_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d who_o be_v or_o according_a to_o plato_n phraseologie_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v every_o creature_n have_v something_o of_o nothing_o contemper_v with_o its_o be_v yea_o more_o of_o nothing_o than_o of_o be_v which_o make_v it_o obnoxious_a to_o limitation_n contingence_n mutability_n defectibilitie_n and_o dependence_n thus_o damascene_fw-la orthod_n fid._n l._n 2._o c._n 3._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o increate_v be_v sole_o be_v interminate_v or_o unlimited_a in_o nature_n for_o every_o creature_n be_v terminate_v or_o limit_v by_o god_n who_o create_v it_o now_o all_o limit_n as_o to_o nature_n and_o essence_n speak_v a_o mixture_n of_o nihilitie_n passive_a power_n and_o dependence_n result_v therefrom_o whence_o damascene_fw-la add_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o deity_n only_o be_v impassable_a namely_o because_o exempt_a from_o nihilitie_n passive_a power_n and_o dependence_n this_o nihilitie_n or_o nothingnesse_n of_o the_o creature_n be_v the_o same_o with_o its_o passive_a power_n either_o physic_n or_o metaphysic_n natural_a or_o obediential_a whereby_o it_o be_v limit_v and_o confine_v to_o such_o or_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o entity_n existence_n and_o operation_n for_o wherever_o there_o be_v any_o matter_n or_o passive_a power_n of_o any_o kind_n there_o be_v ever_o coarctation_n and_o confinement_n nothing_o be_v or_o can_v be_v infinite_a but_o the_o first_o pure_a simple_a act_n who_o be_v void_a of_o all_o power_n and_o composition_n and_o therefore_o of_o all_o finitude_n and_o limitation_n but_o every_o creature_n be_v compound_n of_o something_o and_o nothing_o i.e._n of_o act_n and_o power_n it_o be_v thereby_o render_v finite_a and_o limit_v to_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o essence_n and_o activity_n and_o according_a to_o the_o degree_n of_o its_o entity_n and_o actuality_n such_o be_v the_o degree_n of_o its_o amplitude_n and_o perfection_n angelic_a and_o human_a spirit_n have_v of_o all_o creature_n lest_o of_o nihility_n or_o nothing_o and_o most_o of_o entity_n and_o actuality_n and_o therefore_o they_o have_v least_o of_o passive_a power_n and_o confinement_n but_o yet_o because_o they_o retain_v something_o of_o their_o primitive_a nothing_o and_o passive_a obediential_a power_n therefore_o they_o have_v something_o also_o of_o limitation_n and_o confinement_n so_o for_o all_o other_o creature_n which_o be_v by_o so_o much_o the_o less_o or_o more_o limit_v and_o confine_v in_o essence_n and_o operation_n by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o or_o less_o they_o partake_v of_o matter_n or_o passive_a power_n so_o that_o all_o dependence_n arise_v from_o the_o nihilitie_n passive_a power_n and_o limitation_n of_o the_o creature_n hence_o 2._o another_o main_a root_n of_o dependence_n be_v the_o dominion_n of_o god_n the_o first_o cause_n of_o allthing_n for_o all_o creature_n have_v be_v educe_v god_n 2._o the_o dominion_n of_o god_n by_o the_o omnipotent_a power_n of_o god_n out_o of_o nothing_o and_o invest_v only_o with_o a_o finite_a limit_v be_v compose_v of_o something_o and_o nothing_o or_o act_n and_o passive_a power_n hence_o it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o all_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o absolute_a dominion_n of_o their_o creator_n and_o impedible_a according_a to_o his_o pleasure_n where_o ever_o there_o be_v passive_a power_n there_o be_v impedibilitie_n there_o be_v nothing_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d unimpedible_a but_o god_n who_o be_v pure_a act_n and_o lord_n of_o all_o god_n have_v a_o absolute_a dominion_n over_o his_o creature_n for_o all_o use_n that_o imply_v not_o a_o contradiction_n this_o plenary_a and_o absolute_a dominion_n of_o god_n appertain_v to_o his_o infinite_a omnipotence_n and_o supremacy_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n of_o allthing_n for_o no_o dominion_n be_v complete_a and_o perfect_a unless_o it_o include_v a_o power_n for_o all_o possible_a use_n may_v we_o estime_fw-fr that_o a_o perfect_a dominion_n which_o have_v not_o a_o absolute_a dispose_n of_o all_o under_o its_o dominion_n and_o to_o this_o absolute_a dominion_n of_o god_n must_v there_o not_o correspond_v a_o absolute_a subjection_n in_o the_o creature_n be_v not_o these_o two_o correlate_n and_o do_v not_o this_o absolute_a subjection_n of_o the_o creature_n to_o god_n speak_v its_o absolute_a dependence_n on_o god_n be_v it_o possible_a that_o any_o creature_n make_v by_o god_n shall_v be_v exempt_v from_o his_o absolute_a dominion_n and_o do_v not_o absolute_a dependence_n on_o god_n necessary_o follow_v hence_o neither_o do_v this_o absolute_a dependence_n on_o god_n regard_v only_o the_o essence_n and_o conservation_n of_o the_o creature_n but_o also_o all_o its_o operation_n for_o otherwise_o the_o creature_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d unimpedible_a which_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o its_o creation_n and_o dependence_n as_o §_o 11_o 12._o thus_o every_o create_v be_v be_v under_o the_o absolute_a dominion_n of_o god_n both_o as_o to_o its_o essence_n existence_n activity_n and_o operation_n god_n can_v deprive_v it_o of_o each_o of_o these_o as_o he_o please_v yea_o reduce_v it_o to_o its_o first_o nothing_o hence_o dependence_n on_o god_n as_o to_o each_o of_o these_o be_v essential_a to_o every_o creature_n as_o in_o what_o follow_v §_o 5._o every_o creature_n as_o such_o be_v dependent_a on_o its_o creator_n or_o first_o cause_n dependent_a every_o creature_n dependent_a for_o the_o demonstration_n of_o this_o we_o shall_v lay_v down_o this_o hypothesis_n which_o i_o conceive_v all_o will_v grant_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a the_o same_o thing_n shall_v be_v and_o not_o be_v this_o be_v premiss_v we_o proceed_v to_o demonstrate_v our_o proposition_n thus_o 1_o dependence_n both_o in_o essence_n and_o operation_n be_v so_o essential_a to_o a_o creature_n as_o that_o the_o negation_n of_o it_o suppose_v the_o creature_n not_o to_o be_v a_o creature_n the_o force_n and_o evidence_n of_o this_o argument_n will_v more_o full_o appear_v in_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o next_o proposition_n wherein_o we_o be_v to_o demonstrate_v the_o intime_fw-la connexion_n
between_o dependence_n and_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o creature_n at_o present_v it_o may_v suffice_v that_o we_o assert_v that_o dependence_n be_v so_o intrinsical_o essential_o and_o formal_o include_v in_o the_o very_a notion_n and_o essence_n of_o a_o creature_n that_o the_o negation_n of_o it_o imply_v a_o contradiction_n in_o the_o adject_n or_o a_o opposite_a in_o a_o apposite_a for_o what_o do_v the_o notion_n of_o a_o creature_n import_v but_o its_o eduction_n out_o of_o nothing_o by_o the_o infinite_a power_n of_o its_o creator_n and_o he_o that_o educe_v allthing_n out_o of_o nothing_o be_v it_o not_o in_o his_o power_n also_o to_o reduce_v allthing_n back_o to_o their_o primitive_a nothing_o and_o do_v not_o this_o speak_v a_o obediential_a power_n in_o allthing_n as_o to_o their_o creator_n sovereign_n pleasure_n and_o where_o there_o be_v a_o obediential_a power_n be_v there_o not_o also_o subordination_n and_o subjection_n and_o do_v not_o all_o this_o formal_o speak_v dependence_n thus_o aquinas_n contra_fw-la gent._n l._n 2._o c._n 25._o demonstrate_v that_o god_n can_v make_v a_o thing_n which_o shall_v want_v any_o essential_a principe_fw-la for_o upon_o the_o remotion_n of_o any_o essential_a principe_fw-la follow_v the_o remotion_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o so_o that_o if_o god_n shall_v make_v a_o thing_n without_o any_o one_o essential_a principe_fw-la he_o shall_v make_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v and_o in_o what_o follow_v he_o prove_v that_o dependence_n be_v a_o essential_a principe_fw-la or_o mode_n of_o a_o creature_n as_o suarez_n and_o that_o not_o only_o as_o to_o essence_n and_o its_o conservation_n but_o also_o as_o to_o operation_n of_o which_o §_o 10._o 2_o the_o creature_n absolute_a subjection_n and_o subordination_n to_o god_n demonstrate_v its_o dependence_n on_o god_n that_o god_n have_v a_o absolute_a dominion_n over_o the_o creature_n have_v be_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o precedent_a proposition_n and_o if_o the_o dominion_n of_o god_n be_v absolute_a than_o the_o creature_n subjection_n to_o and_o dependence_n on_o god_n must_v also_o be_v absolute_a and_o necessary_a it_o belong_v to_o the_o be_v of_o a_o creature_n as_o such_o to_o be_v subject_a to_o and_o dependent_a on_o god_n for_o the_o receive_n and_o act_v whatever_o imply_v not_o a_o contradiction_n as_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o god_n shall_v make_v a_o creature_n whereof_o he_o have_v not_o a_o full_a and_o absolute_a dominion_n so_o it_o be_v as_o impossible_a that_o a_o creature_n shall_v be_v make_v which_o may_v not_o depend_v on_o he_o as_o suarez_n metaphys_n disput_fw-la 31._o sect._n 14._o p._n 215._o 3_o the_o indigence_n and_o exigence_n of_o the_o creature_n demonstrate_v its_o dependence_n on_o god_n be_v not_o every_o creature_n multiforme_a mutable_a and_o defectible_a and_o must_v not_o every_o multiforme_a mutable_a and_o defectible_a be_v be_v reduce_v to_o some_o uniform_a immutable_a and_o indefectible_a be_v as_o the_o original_a principe_fw-la of_o its_o dependence_n be_v there_o not_o a_o natural_a levity_n and_o vanity_n in_o every_o creature_n which_o render_v it_o fluxible_a variable_a and_o inconstant_a be_v it_o not_o a_o great_a and_o most_o true_a say_n of_o heraclitus_n that_o allthing_n be_v in_o flux_n or_o motion_n do_v not_o allthing_n than_o need_v some_o first_o be_v and_o cause_n to_o fix_v their_o being_n and_n motion_n again_o do_v not_o every_o potential_a be_v need_v some_o pure_a act_n to_o actuate_v the_o same_o and_o be_v not_o every_o creature_n a_o potential_a be_v which_o need_v god_n the_o most_o simple_a pure_a act_n to_o actuate_v the_o same_o do_v not_o every_o recipient_a as_o recipient_a need_v the_o active_a influx_n of_o that_o principe_fw-la from_o woman_n it_o receive_v all_o and_o be_v not_o every_o creature_n a_o mere_a passive_a recipient_a as_o to_o god_n who_o be_v the_o first_o influential_a cause_n of_o its_o existence_n motion_n and_o all_o yea_o be_v not_o every_o creature_n a_o mere_a passive_a instrument_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o divine_a influx_n can_v it_o subsist_v or_o act_v without_o divine_a concourse_n cut_a off_o the_o dependence_n of_o a_o creature_n from_o its_o creator_n and_o what_o a_o endless_a agitation_n yea_o annihilation_n will_v it_o fall_v into_o see_v aquinas_n contra_fw-la gent._n l._n 3._o c._n 91._o and_o bradwardine_n l._n 2._o c._n 20._o p._n 541._o 4_o the_o dependence_n of_o the_o creature_n on_o god_n may_v be_v demonstrate_v from_o its_o connaturalitie_n what_o more_o connatural_a to_o the_o creature_n than_o dependence_n on_o its_o creator_n do_v not_o the_o stream_n natural_o depend_v on_o its_o fountain_n for_o derivation_n and_o be_v it_o not_o a_o violence_n to_o it_o to_o be_v cut_v off_o from_o this_o dependence_n where_o do_v the_o infirm_a member_n go_v for_o animal_n spirit_n in_o order_n to_o sense_n and_o motion_n but_o to_o the_o head_n and_o be_v it_o not_o most_o natural_a to_o the_o ray_n to_o hang_v on_o the_o sun_n which_o give_v it_o existence_n o_o then_o how_o natural_a be_v it_o to_o the_o creature_n to_o depend_v on_o its_o creator_n the_o prime_a cause_n of_o its_o existence_n and_o operation_n what_o a_o violence_n be_v it_o to_o the_o creature_n to_o be_v take_v off_o from_o this_o dependence_n hence_o §_o 6._o creatural_a dependence_n be_v not_o real_o distinct_a from_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o creature_n essence_n dependence_n the_o same_o with_o the_o essence_n that_o the_o creature_n dependence_n be_v not_o real_o distinct_a from_o its_o essence_n be_v evident_a because_o every_o creature_n be_v ens_fw-la by_o participation_n it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v that_o dependence_n on_o the_o first_o cause_n from_o who_o it_o participate_v of_o be_v be_v most_o essential_a to_o it_o as_o it_o be_v essential_a to_o the_o first_o cause_n to_o be_v be_v by_o essence_n and_o so_o independent_a so_o it_o be_v also_o essential_a to_o the_o second_o cause_n to_o be_v be_v by_o participation_n and_o so_o dependent_a so_o that_o the_o very_a notion_n and_o idea_n of_o a_o creature_n do_v inseparable_o essential_o and_o formal_o include_v dependence_n on_o god_n as_o that_o which_o be_v not_o real_o distinct_a therefrom_o this_o be_v incomparable_o well_o demonstrate_v by_o suarez_n metaphys_n tom._n 2._o disput_fw-la 31._o sect._n 14._o p._n 214._o as_o to_o the_o root_n of_o this_o dependence_n it_o must_v be_v say_v that_o it_o be_v real_o nothing_o else_o but_o the_o very_a essence_n of_o a_o create_v be_v as_o such_o because_o if_o we_o by_o the_o force_n of_o our_o intellect_n remove_v whatever_o be_v superad_v to_o such_o a_o essence_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o of_o itself_o it_o have_v limitation_n and_o imperfection_n so_o that_o of_o itself_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o act_v or_o cause_v any_o thing_n and_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o absolute_a power_n of_o god_n there_o can_v be_v such_o a_o create_v be_v which_o shall_v not_o have_v such_o a_o subordination_n to_o the_o increate_v be_v therefore_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o be_v found_v in_o the_o very_a essential_a reason_n of_o a_o create_v be_v wherefore_o albeit_o we_o may_v by_o the_o precision_n of_o reason_n and_o some_o inadequate_a conception_n of_o mind_n apprehend_v dependence_n in_o essence_n in_o regard_n of_o some_o moment_n of_o reason_n before_o dependence_n in_o cause_v yet_o this_o late_a real_o superadde_v nothing_o to_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o create_v be_v wherein_o note_n well_o that_o he_o make_v not_o only_a dependence_n as_o to_o essence_n and_o its_o conservation_n but_o also_o as_o to_o causation_n and_o operation_n the_o same_o with_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o creature_n which_o hypothesis_n he_o demonstrate_v and_o establish_v against_o durandus_fw-la and_o his_o sectator_n who_o assert_v the_o creature_n dependence_n on_o god_n as_o to_o essence_n and_o conservation_n but_o yet_o deny_v it_o as_o to_o causation_n and_o operation_n special_o as_o to_o the_o substrate_a matter_n of_o sin_n it_o may_v not_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o suarez_n in_o his_o first_o tome_n of_o metaphys_n disput_fw-la 20._o sect._n 5._o p._n 530._o say_v that_o this_o dependence_n of_o the_o creature_n on_o the_o creator_n be_v not_o altogether_o the_o same_o with_o the_o creature_n but_o a_o mode_n distinct_a therefrom_o yet_o these_o thing_n he_o grant_v 1_o that_o this_o dependence_n of_o the_o creature_n on_o god_n be_v something_o real_o and_o intrinsical_o exist_v in_o the_o creature_n for_o all_o confess_v that_o passive_a creation_n be_v in_o the_o creature_n but_o now_o dependence_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o passive_a emanation_n or_o creation_n if_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o first_o creation_n from_o god_n 2_o that_o this_o dependence_n be_v a_o substantial_a or_o essential_a mode_n affect_v the_o substance_n of_o the_o creature_n albeit_o it_o constitute_v not_o the_o same_o 3_o he_o