that_o purpose_n by_o god_n now_o let_v we_o at_o present_a suppose_v which_o of_o these_o we_o please_v to_o be_v the_o true_a original_a of_o mankind_n we_o can_v from_o thence_o with_o any_o reason_n conclude_v that_o it_o be_v at_o any_o time_n such_o a_o state_n of_o war_n of_o all_o man_n against_o all_o for_o if_o according_a to_o the_o first_o hypothesis_n we_o suppose_v mankind_n to_o be_v eternal_a they_o be_v likewise_o from_o all_o eternity_n propagate_v by_o distinct_a family_n and_o divide_v into_o several_a nation_n and_o commonwealth_n as_o they_o be_v at_o this_o day_n but_o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o those_o distinct_a nation_n or_o commonwealth_n be_v always_o such_o from_o all_o eternity_n then_o it_o will_v likewise_o follow_v that_o they_o be_v also_o from_o all_o eternity_n in_o the_o same_o state_n they_o now_o be_v that_o be_v not_o of_o war_n but_o peace_n but_o we_o shall_v further_o show_v the_o absurdity_n of_o that_o supposition_n before_o we_o have_v conclude_v our_o consideration_n upon_o this_o head_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o we_o proceed_v upon_o the_o epicurean_a hypothesis_n of_o mankind_n spring_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n if_o we_o do_v not_o likewise_o suppose_v they_o to_o have_v be_v make_v like_o game-cock_n or_o those_o earthborn_a man_n i_o have_v already_o mention_v who_o present_o fall_v a_o fight_n and_o destroy_v each_o other_o without_o any_o cause_n it_o will_v not_o do_v the_o business_n and_o therefore_o let_v we_o now_o with_o mr._n h._n suppose_v these_o man_n be_v all_o make_v of_o equal_a strength_n both_o of_o body_n and_o mind_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o they_o must_v be_v at_o first_o in_o a_o state_n of_o peace_n before_o they_o can_v ever_o fall_v together_o by_o the_o ear_n so_o than_o the_o state_n of_o peace_n be_v prior_n in_o nature_n to_o that_o of_o war_n and_o also_o more_o agreeable_a to_o human_a nature_n 2_o dly_z suppose_v these_o earthborn_a man_n to_o have_v be_v all_o rational_a creature_n and_o equal_a in_o strength_n and_o cunning_a they_o will_v never_o have_v enter_v into_o a_o state_n of_o war_n and_o have_v fall_v a_o cut_v each_o other_o throat_n without_o some_o just_a cause_n or_o provocation_n first_o give_v for_o if_o they_o be_v all_o equal_a every_o man_n will_v consider_v each_o of_o his_o fellow_n as_o of_o a_o like_a ability_n with_o himself_o and_o that_o if_o he_o strike_v he_o first_o without_o any_o cause_n he_o will_v be_v as_o well_o able_a to_o resist_v and_o make_v his_o party_n good_a with_o he_o as_o he_o can_v be_v to_o hurt_v he_o the_o fear_n of_o which_o will_v have_v rather_o cause_v peace_n than_o war_n since_o whoever_o strike_v first_o can_v not_o be_v sure_a of_o the_o victory_n and_o if_o any_o two_o shall_v have_v fall_v to_o cuff_n this_o can_v be_v no_o reason_n for_o all_o the_o rest_n to_o have_v also_o fall_v together_o by_o the_o ear_n since_o there_o be_v no_o cause_n why_o they_o shall_v suppose_v a_o will_n or_o inclination_n in_o each_o other_o to_o war_n till_o they_o have_v express_v it_o by_o some_o outward_a sign_n so_o that_o this_o natural_a equality_n among_o man_n and_o mutual_a fear_n of_o each_o other_o which_o mr._n h._n suppose_v to_o be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o war_n will_v certain_o have_v rather_o incline_v these_o man_n to_o peace_n but_o if_o we_o follow_v the_o divine_a authority_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n it_o be_v then_o certain_a that_o all_o mankind_n be_v derive_v from_o one_o man_n and_o one_o woman_n their_o child_n can_v never_o be_v in_o this_o state_n of_o war_n towards_o their_o parent_n by_o mr._n h_n own_o confession_n much_o less_o can_v the_o parent_n ever_o be_v so_o unnatural_a towards_o their_o child_n who_o be_v make_v out_o of_o their_o own_o substance_n nor_o yet_o can_v the_o brother_n or_o sister_n who_o partake_v of_o the_o same_o human_a nature_n derive_v from_o their_o common_a parent_n and_o who_o be_v breed_v up_o together_o from_o their_o infancy_n in_o a_o state_n of_o peace_n and_o amity_n be_v rational_o suppose_v present_o to_o have_v fall_v together_o by_o the_o ear_n without_o any_o other_o cause_n or_o provocation_n give_v than_o mr._n his_o passion_n of_o mutual_a distrust_n and_o desire_v of_o glory_n therefore_o when_o after_o the_o fall_n of_o adam_n man_n nature_n be_v degenerate_v into_o that_o state_n we_o now_o find_v it_o wherein_o man_n passion_n i_o own_o do_v too_o often_o domineer_v over_o their_o reason_n and_o that_o cain_n through_o malice_n and_o envy_n slay_v his_o brother_n as_o we_o read_v in_o genesis_n of_o this_o state_n of_o war_n as_o it_o be_v the_o first_o example_n of_o man_n degeneracy_n so_o it_o be_v also_o of_o god_n dislike_n and_o punishment_n of_o this_o cruel_a sin_n of_o murder_n which_o be_v indeed_o but_o the_o effect_n of_o this_o author_n state_n of_o war._n but_o i_o beg_v the_o reader_n be_v pardon_v if_o i_o have_v be_v too_o prolix_a in_o the_o confutation_n of_o this_o principle_n this_o be_v the_o main_a foundation_n of_o all_o those_o evil_a and_o false_a opinion_n contain_v in_o this_o author_n be_v moral_a and_o political_a work_n if_o therefore_o this_o be_v thorough_o destroy_v all_o that_o be_v build_v upon_o it_o will_v fall_v of_o itself_o but_o since_o mr._n h._n have_v by_o his_o supposition_n of_o certain_a compact_n or_o covenant_n undertake_v to_o show_v a_o method_n how_o man_n get_v out_o of_o this_o wretched_a state_n of_o war_n in_o which_o let_v we_o see_v whether_o his_o next_o principle_n answer_v the_o design_n he_o propose_v principle_n viii_o §_o 1._o that_o mutual_a compact_n of_o fidelity_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n be_v void_a but_o not_o so_o in_o a_o commonwealth_n which_o principle_n he_o express_v and_o prove_v at_o large_a in_o his_o de_z cive_z cap._n in_o these_o word_n but_o those_o covenant_n that_o be_v make_v by_o contract_n where_o there_o be_v a_o mutual_a trust_n neither_o party_n perform_v any_o thing_n present_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n if_o any_o just_a fear_n shall_v arise_v on_o either_o side_n be_v void_a for_o he_o who_o first_o perform_v because_o of_o the_o evil_a disposition_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o man_n only_o study_v their_o own_o profit_n no_o matter_n whether_o by_o right_n or_o wrong_n betray_v himself_o to_o the_o lust_n of_o he_o with_o who_o he_o contract_v for_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n that_o any_o man_n shall_v perform_v first_o if_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o the_o other_o will_v perform_v afterward_o which_o whether_o it_o be_v likely_a or_o not_o he_o who_o fear_n must_v judge_v as_o it_o be_v show_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n art_n 9_o i_o say_v thing_n be_v thus_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n but_o in_o a_o civil_a state_n where_o there_o be_v one_o who_o can_v compel_v they_o both_o he_o who_o by_o contract_n be_v first_o to_o perform_v ought_v first_o to_o do_v it_o for_o since_o the_o other_o may_v be_v compel_v the_o reason_n cease_v for_o which_o he_o fear_v the_o other_o will_v not_o perform_v which_o principle_n be_v somewhat_o otherwise_o express_v in_o his_o leu._n chap._n 14._o which_o since_o it_o differ_v something_o from_o the_o other_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o expression_n i_o shall_v likewise_o give_v in_o you_o his_o own_o word_n if_o a_o covenant_n be_v make_v wherein_o neither_o of_o the_o party_n perform_v present_o but_o trust_v one_o another_o in_o the_o condition_n of_o mere_a nature_n which_o be_v a_o condition_n of_o war_n of_o every_o man_n against_o every_o man_n upon_o any_o reasonable_a supposition_n it_o be_v void_a but_o if_o there_o be_v a_o common_a power_n set_v over_o they_o both_o with_o right_a and_o force_v sufficient_a to_o compel_v performance_n it_o be_v not_o void_a for_o he_o that_o perform_v first_o have_v no_o assurance_n the_o other_o will_v perform_v afterward_o because_o the_o mere_a bond_n of_o word_n be_v too_o weak_a to_o bridle_v man_n ambition_n avarice_n anger_n and_o other_o passion_n without_o the_o fear_n of_o some_o coercive_a power_n which_o in_o the_o condition_n of_o mere_a nature_n where_o all_o man_n be_v equal_a and_o judge_n of_o the_o justness_n of_o their_o own_o fear_n can_v possible_o be_v suppose_v and_o he_o which_o perform_v first_o do_v but_o betray_v himself_o to_o his_o enemy_n contrary_a to_o the_o right_n he_o can_v never_o abandon_v of_o defend_v his_o life_n and_o mean_n of_o live_v §_o 2._o you_o may_v now_o more_o plain_o see_v the_o reason_n why_o he_o suppose_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n that_o all_o king_n and_o person_n of_o sovereign_a authority_n be_v always_o in_o a_o posture_n or_o state_n of_o war_n which_o he_o more_o plain_o express_v in_o his_o the_o cive_z chap._n 10._o §_o
ethicum_fw-la so_o that_o i_o have_v collect_v these_o axiom_n and_o put_v they_o together_o in_o this_o method_n as_o they_o be_v represent_v by_o those_o excellent_a author_n abovementioned_a that_o you_o may_v see_v they_o all_o at_o one_o view_n though_o i_o grant_v there_o be_v many_o other_o natural_a truth_n which_o be_v also_o useful_a to_o prove_v what_o action_n be_v productive_a of_o the_o common_a good_a divers_a of_o which_o we_o have_v give_v you_o dispersedly_z in_o these_o two_o chapter_n principle_n i._n the_o lessen_v or_o escape_v of_o a_o evil_a be_v to_o be_v reckon_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o good_n principle_n ii_o the_o lessen_v or_o loss_n of_o good_a be_v to_o be_v reckon_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o evil._n principle_n iii_o that_o which_o be_v good_a be_v to_o be_v choose_v that_o which_o be_v evil_a to_o be_v avoid_v principle_n iu._n the_o great_a good_a be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o less_o and_o a_o less_o evil_a to_o be_v endure_v rather_o than_o a_o great_a principle_n v._n such_o thing_n or_o event_n whether_o good_a or_o evil_a as_o will_v certain_o come_v to_o pass_v may_v fall_v under_o computation_n and_o be_v estimate_v according_a to_o their_o several_a degree_n as_o well_o as_o thing_n present_a and_o the_o same_o likewise_o be_v for_o such_o thing_n as_o may_v probable_o come_v to_o pass_v though_o this_o probability_n may_v be_v somewhat_o remote_a as_o it_o be_v count_v a_o valuable_a thing_n and_o may_v be_v estimate_v at_o a_o certain_a rate_n for_o a_o man_n to_o be_v one_o among_o four_o or_o five_o equal_a competitor_n for_o a_o office_n or_o to_o be_v the_o four_o or_o five_o expectant_a of_o a_o inheritance_n and_o though_o in_o such_o case_n there_o may_v be_v the_o odds_o of_o three_o or_o four_o to_o one_o yet_o the_o price_n that_o be_v set_v upon_o this_o may_v be_v so_o proportion_v as_o either_o to_o reduce_v the_o purchase_n to_o a_o equality_n or_o make_v it_o at_o least_o a_o very_a advantageous_a bargain_n principle_n vi._n a_o present_a good_a may_v reasonable_o be_v part_v with_o upon_o a_o probable_a expectation_n of_o a_o future_a good_a which_o be_v much_o great_a and_o more_o excellent_a principle_n vii_o a_o present_a evil_n be_v to_o be_v endure_v for_o the_o avoid_n of_o a_o probable_a future_a evil_n which_o be_v far_o great_a principle_n viii_o the_o great_a the_o evil_a the_o more_o reason_n there_o be_v to_o venture_v the_o loss_n of_o a_o great_a good_a or_o the_o suffering_n of_o a_o less_o evil_a for_o the_o escape_v it_o principle_n ix_o it_o be_v better_a to_o be_v without_o any_o good_a than_o by_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o it_o to_o endure_v a_o evil_a as_o great_a or_o great_a than_o that_o good_a come_v to_o and_o these_o last_o principle_n respect_v ourselves_o may_v serve_v to_o produce_v prudence_n temperance_n and_o fortitude_n in_o our_o mind_n the_o rest_n that_o follow_v respect_v our_o duty_n towards_o other_o and_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o right_a and_o wrong_n among_o men._n principle_n x._o we_o ought_v to_o pursue_v the_o chief_a or_o common_a good_a with_o the_o high_a and_o all_o less_o or_o subordinate_a good_n with_o a_o less_o affection_n or_o desire_v neither_o ought_v we_o to_o make_v the_o high_a or_o common_a good_a subordinate_a to_o the_o mean_a or_o middle_a good_n or_o the_o middle_a good_n to_o the_o least_o principle_n xi_o whatsoever_o good_a you_o will_v have_v do_v to_o yourself_o in_o such_o and_o such_o circumstance_n you_o ought_v to_o do_v the_o same_o to_o another_o in_o the_o same_o or_o like_a circumstance_n as_o far_o as_o may_v be_v without_o prejudice_v the_o community_n principle_n xii_o whatsoever_o evil_a you_o will_v not_o have_v do_v to_o yourself_o you_o ought_v to_o abstain_v from_o do_v that_o to_o another_o principle_n xiii_o good_a be_v to_o be_v recompense_v with_o good_a and_o not_o with_o evil._n principle_n fourteen_o it_o be_v good_a for_o a_o man_n to_o enjoy_v all_o the_o mean_n wherewith_o he_o may_v live_v happy_o principle_n xv._n it_o be_v better_a for_o the_o public_a or_o common_a good_a that_o one_o man_n shall_v not_o live_v voluptuous_o than_o that_o another_o shall_v thereby_o live_v miserable_a principle_n xvi_o if_o it_o be_v a_o public_a as_o well_o as_o a_o private_a good_a for_o any_o one_o to_o have_v enough_o wherewith_o to_o live_v happy_a it_o follow_v from_o the_o same_o rule_n that_o it_o be_v double_o better_a when_o there_o be_v sufficient_a for_o two_o man_n and_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n of_o proportion_n a_o thousand_o time_n better_o if_o there_o be_v sufficient_a for_o a_o thousand_o to_o live_v happy_a so_o that_o at_o last_o from_o the_o same_o principle_n it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o if_o all_o the_o man_n in_o the_o world_n or_o all_o mankind_n can_v live_v happy_o it_o be_v the_o great_a good_a we_o can_v suppose_v they_o capable_a of_o principle_n xvii_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o public_a good_a that_o every_o man_n right_n and_o property_n be_v allow_v he_o and_o its_o free_a use_n or_o possession_n be_v likewise_o permit_v he_o without_o any_o injury_n or_o molestation_n from_o other_o though_o it_o must_v be_v grant_v that_o a_o man_n may_v so_o behave_v himself_o as_o whatsoever_o be_v his_o whether_o by_o possession_n gift_n or_o purchase_v may_v lawful_o cease_v to_o be_v so_o as_o a_o punishment_n for_o his_o crime_n in_o transgress_v this_o great_a law_n of_o nature_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_n principle_n xviii_o it_o be_v better_a to_o obey_v god_n declare_v his_o will_n to_o we_o by_o the_o true_a principle_n of_o natural_a reason_n than_o our_o own_o unreasonable_a lust_n and_o passion_n or_o the_o wicked_a desire_n or_o command_v of_o men._n these_o and_o the_o like_a principle_n may_v fit_o be_v call_v natural_a as_o well_o as_o moral_a axiom_n as_o be_v the_o true_a result_v of_o natural_a reason_n and_o be_v so_o clear_a and_o manifest_a of_o themselves_o that_o if_o any_o one_o will_v consider_v they_o without_o prejudice_n or_o be_v bias_v by_o passion_n or_o too_o much_o self-love_n they_o will_v not_o need_v a_o long_a train_n of_o argument_n to_o prove_v they_o since_o they_o appear_v true_a and_o evident_a at_o the_o first_o proposal_n so_o also_o these_o moral_a principle_n consider_v as_o proposition_n declare_v the_o connexion_n of_o all_o humane_a action_n with_o the_o natural_a effect_n that_o depend_v upon_o they_o as_o for_o example_n when_o they_o show_v we_o any_o action_n which_o will_v most_o certain_o conduce_v to_o our_o own_o and_o all_o other_o happiness_n and_o that_o it_o appear_v to_o be_v not_o only_o our_o duty_n but_o interest_n to_o perform_v they_o these_o principle_n thus_o consider_v with_o relation_n to_o our_o future_a action_n may_v be_v call_v practical_a dictate_v since_o they_o do_v not_o only_o show_v we_o the_o high_a end_n we_o can_v propose_v to_o ourselves_o in_o order_n to_o our_o present_a and_o future_a happiness_n but_o do_v also_o direct_v we_o to_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o fit_a mean_n to_o attain_v it_o but_o i_o think_v it_o do_v sufficient_o appear_v that_o we_o be_v not_o only_o able_a to_o form_v a_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o this_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n but_o also_o from_o the_o faculty_n of_o compare_v the_o likeness_n of_o our_o own_o nature_n with_o that_o of_o all_o other_o man_n can_v also_o frame_v a_o universal_a or_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o a_o species_n or_o kind_n of_o creature_n agree_v in_o the_o same_o natural_a property_n and_o require_v the_o same_o thing_n for_o their_o happiness_n and_o subsistence_n as_o himself_o note_v that_o i_o do_v not_o mean_v by_o this_o any_o adequate_a idea_n of_o the_o true_a physical_a nature_n of_o mankind_n since_o of_o this_o as_o of_o all_o other_o substance_n we_o have_v no_o other_o knowledge_n but_o by_o their_o sensible_a quality_n therefore_o i_o mean_v only_o here_o a_o idea_n fori_fw-la or_o such_o a_o common_a and_o inadequate_a idea_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n as_o serve_v we_o for_o all_o the_o moral_a rule_n of_o life_n which_o idea_n he_o can_v give_v a_o name_n to_o and_o call_v mankind_n and_o so_o come_v to_o consider_v and_o understand_v all_o the_o cause_n and_o mean_n not_o only_o of_o his_o own_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n but_o that_o of_o all_o other_o man_n consider_v as_o a_o aggregate_v body_n and_o from_o thence_o be_v able_a to_o draw_v divers_a conclusion_n concern_v the_o proportion_n and_o degree_n of_o man_n natural_a good_a or_o happiness_n according_a to_o the_o principle_n before_o lay_v down_o till_o he_o at_o last_o arrive_v at_o this_o universal_a idea_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n as_o the_o high_a and_o noble_a that_o he_o can_v attain_v
else_o that_o they_o follow_v he_o and_o obey_v his_o command_n as_o their_o father_n or_o grandfather_n out_o of_o reverence_n to_o his_o wisdom_n or_o gratitude_n for_o his_o benefit_n §_o 9_o to_o conclude_v he_o himself_o there_o object_n that_o man_n can_v grow_v up_o or_o live_v content_o without_o the_o society_n and_o assistance_n of_o other_o and_o therefore_o can_v deny_v but_o man_n desire_v the_o society_n of_o each_o other_o their_o nature_n compel_v they_o thereunto_o but_o to_o come_v off_o from_o this_o objection_n he_o will_v have_v nothing_o call_v society_n but_o commonwealth_n which_o say_v he_o be_v not_o mere_a meeting_n but_o league_n for_o make_v of_o which_o compact_n be_v necessary_a and_o therefore_o still_o argue_v that_o infant_n and_o those_o that_o be_v unexperienced_a be_v uncapable_a of_o they_o etc._n etc._n upon_o which_o i_o shall_v only_o observe_v that_o mr._n h._n impose_v upon_o himself_o and_o other_o by_o confound_v that_o first_o and_o most_o natural_a amity_n and_o sociableness_n of_o person_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o family_n as_o of_o husband_n and_o wife_n parent_n and_o child_n etc._n etc._n towards_o each_o other_o with_o that_o artificial_a society_n which_o proceed_v whole_o from_o compact_n we_o call_v a_o commonwealth_n so_o likewise_o he_o impose_v on_o his_o reader_n in_o the_o use_n of_o the_o word_n nature_n and_o natural_a as_o i_o have_v partly_o show_v already_o for_o by_o these_o word_n be_v common_o understand_v either_o something_o that_o be_v by_o nature_n inseparable_o proper_a to_o its_o subject_n as_o to_o a_o fish_n to_o swim_v and_o other_o thing_n be_v natural_a and_o proper_a to_o a_o creature_n not_o as_o a_o mere_a animal_n but_o as_o of_o such_o a_o species_n and_o at_o such_o a_o age_n as_o for_o a_o man_n to_o go_v upon_o two_o leg_n and_o speak_v last_o it_o sometime_o signify_v a_o aptness_n in_o a_o subject_a to_o receive_v some_o far_a perfection_n by_o culture_n and_o discipline_n with_o which_o nature_n intend_v it_o shall_v be_v endue_v so_o the_o earth_n be_v intend_v by_o nature_n for_o the_o production_n of_o vegetable_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o natural_o bring_v forth_o all_o plant_n in_o all_o place_n alike_o without_o plough_v or_o set_v yet_o be_v not_o these_o plant_n so_o sow_v or_o set_v less_o natural_a for_o all_o that_o so_o likewise_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o whatever_o perfection_n we_o attain_v to_o by_o the_o power_n of_o our_o reason_n or_o experience_n it_o be_v not_o less_o natural_a notwithstanding_o principle_n ii_o all_o man_n by_o nature_n be_v equal_a §_o 1._o which_o he_o thus_o undertake_v to_o make_v out_o in_o the_o chapter_n last_o cite_v §_o 3._o the_o cause_n of_o mutual_a fear_n consist_v partly_o in_o man_n natural_a equality_n partly_o in_o their_o mutual_a will_n of_o hurt_v from_o whence_o it_o happen_v that_o we_o be_v neither_o able_a to_o expect_v security_n from_o other_o nor_o yet_o afford_v it_o to_o ourselves_o for_o if_o we_o consider_v man_n grow_v up_o and_o take_v notice_n how_o frail_a the_o frame_n of_o a_o man_n body_n be_v which_o fail_v all_o his_o force_n strength_n and_o wisdom_n fail_v together_o with_o it_o and_o how_o easy_a it_o be_v for_o any_o the_o most_o weak_a to_o kill_v the_o strong_a man_n there_o be_v no_o reason_n that_o any_o man_n trust_v in_o his_o own_o strength_n shall_v suppose_v himself_o superior_a by_o nature_n to_o other_o for_o those_o be_v equal_a who_o be_v able_a to_o do_v the_o like_a thing_n against_o each_o other_o but_o those_o who_o can_v do_v the_o great_a thing_n that_o be_v take_v away_o life_n be_v able_a to_o do_v like_a or_o equal_a thing_n to_o each_o other_o therefore_o all_o man_n be_v by_o nature_n equal_a that_o unequality_n which_o now_o be_v be_v introduce_v by_o civil_a law_n §_o 2._o before_o i_o answer_v which_o i_o shall_v first_o make_v these_o concession_n and_o limitation_n first_o i_o grant_v that_o all_o civil_a unequality_n of_o â—â—rsons_n be_v introduce_v by_o civil_a law_n 2_o dly_z â—â—at_a there_o be_v also_o such_o a_o natural_a equality_n among_o man_n that_o there_o be_v nothing_o which_o one_o man_n can_v arrogate_v to_o himself_o as_o a_o man_n but_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n which_o he_o judge_v it_o fit_a or_o necessary_a for_o himself_o he_o must_v also_o judge_v it_o alike_o fit_a and_o necessary_a for_o another_o man_n who_o stand_v in_o like_a need_n of_o it_o thus_o if_o victual_n clothes_n and_o liberty_n be_v thing_n necessary_a for_o his_o own_o be_v and_o preservation_n they_o be_v likewise_o equal_o necessary_a for_o the_o well-being_n and_o preservation_n of_o all_o other_o man_n and_o consequent_o that_o they_o have_v a_o like_a right_n to_o they_o from_o which_o natural_a equality_n proceed_v that_o great_a rule_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o do_v to_o other_o as_o we_o will_v have_v other_o do_v to_o we_o and_o in_o this_o sense_n i_o agree_v with_o he_o that_o all_o man_n be_v equal_a so_o that_o in_o this_o sense_n it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v a_o cause_n of_o war_n or_o dissension_n among_o man_n that_o it_o rather_o persuade_v to_o amity_n and_o concord_n yet_o do_v not_o this_o equality_n hinder_v but_o that_o there_o be_v notwithstanding_o a_o natural_a unequality_n of_o strength_n or_o power_n among_o man_n both_o in_o body_n and_o mind_n since_o any_o man_n that_o do_v but_o observe_v the_o great_a difference_n there_o be_v in_o both_o the_o strength_n and_o understanding_n of_o some_o person_n above_o other_o but_o will_v grant_v that_o there_o be_v as_o great_a or_o great_a difference_n between_o some_o man_n and_o other_o than_o there_o be_v between_o some_o brute_n suppose_v ape_n or_o elephant_n and_o man_n in_o understanding_n yet_o do_v there_o not_o any_o natural_a equality_n follow_v from_o the_o reason_n mr._n h._n here_o give_v we_o that_o those_o be_v equal_a that_o be_v able_a to_o do_v the_o like_a thing_n to_o each_o other_o to_o wit_n take_v away_o their_o life_n for_o beside_o that_o there_o be_v some_o bear_v maim_v and_o cripple_v or_o else_o so_o void_a of_o understanding_n as_o not_o to_o have_v either_o the_o will_n or_o ability_n to_o hurt_v or_o kill_v other_o and_o if_o a_o coward_n and_o a_o stout_a man_n be_v to_o fight_v or_o a_o very_a weak_a man_n and_o a_o strong_a will_v any_o man_n say_v that_o they_o be_v a_o equal_a match_n and_o this_o mr._n h._n tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o the_o weak_a to_o kill_v the_o strong_a man_n he_o grant_v it_o must_v either_o be_v by_o chance_n cunning_a or_o surprise_v i_o grant_v indeed_o it_o may_v happen_v by_o chance_n and_o yet_o this_o will_v not_o make_v the_o match_n to_o be_v equal_a any_o more_o than_o it_o be_v in_o cockfighting_a where_o the_o gamester_n will_v lay_v five_o to_o one_o on_o such_o a_o cock_n side_n against_o another_o set_v down_o to_o fight_v with_o he_o and_o though_o perhaps_o the_o weak_a cock_n may_v happen_v to_o kill_v the_o strong_a by_o a_o chance_n stroke_n yet_o no_o man_n will_v therefore_o affirm_v that_o both_o these_o cock_n be_v equal_a by_o nature_n the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o men._n but_o it_o may_v be_v reply_v that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o man_n and_o beast_n since_o though_o brute_n can_v yet_o a_o man_n weak_a in_o body_n or_o mind_n than_o another_o he_o will_v be_v revenge_v of_o may_v join_v or_o combine_v with_o one_o as_o wise_a and_o strong_a as_o his_o adversary_n and_o then_o they_o will_v be_v a_o equal_a match_n in_o point_n of_o strength_n if_o this_o be_v a_o good_a argument_n it_o will_v prove_v more_o or_o rather_o contrary_a to_o that_o for_o which_o it_o be_v design_v for_o this_o weak_a man_n may_v combine_v with_o one_o as_o strong_a and_o wise_a as_o the_o other_o and_o then_o the_o odds_o will_v be_v apparent_o on_o the_o weak_a man_n side_n but_o if_o i_o shall_v grant_v the_o utmost_a that_o can_v be_v ask_v that_o both_o these_o man_n wit_n and_o strength_n take_v together_o be_v still_o but_o a_o equal_a match_n to_o the_o other_o may_v not_o this_o wise_a and_o strong_a man_n as_o well_o also_o combine_v with_o other_o as_o wise_a and_o strong_a as_o himself_o and_o then_o will_v not_o the_o unequality_n be_v much_o great_a than_o it_o be_v before_o and_o as_o for_o cunning_a or_o surprise_v it_o signify_v as_o little_a since_o the_o strong_a man_n may_v be_v as_o cunning_a as_o the_o other_o and_o may_v have_v also_o as_o good_a luck_n in_o surprise_v he_o at_o unaware_o but_o it_o be_v indeed_o a_o very_a trivial_a argument_n to_o prove_v this_o natural_a equality_n because_o those_o be_v equal_a that_o be_v able_a to_o do_v the_o like_a thing_n to_o
be_v common_o receive_v and_o practise_v by_o most_o nation_n for_o their_o general_a usefulness_n and_o conveniency_n yet_o it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o there_o be_v still_o require_v the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n by_o who_o authority_n alone_o they_o can_v obtain_v the_o force_n of_o law_n the_o proof_n of_o which_o though_o the_o most_o material_a part_n of_o the_o question_n have_v be_v hitherto_o omit_v or_o but_o slight_o touch_v by_o former_a writer_n on_o this_o subject_a but_o beside_o the_o objection_n of_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n mr._n selden_n and_o mr._n hobbs_n have_v also_o argue_v against_o this_o method_n though_o upon_o divers_a principle_n and_o from_o different_a design_n the_o latter_a intend_v that_o no_o body_n shall_v receive_v these_o dictate_v of_o reason_n as_o obligatory_a to_o outward_a action_n before_o a_o supreme_a civil_a power_n be_v institute_v who_o shall_v ordain_v they_o to_o be_v observe_v as_o law_n and_o though_o he_o sometime_o vouchsafe_v they_o that_o title_n yet_o in_o his_o de_n cive_z cap._n 14._o he_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n they_o be_v but_o improper_o call_v so_o and_o that_o though_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n may_v be_v find_v large_o describe_v in_o the_o write_n of_o philosopher_n yet_o be_v they_o not_o for_o this_o cause_n to_o be_v call_v law_n any_o more_o than_o the_o write_n or_o opinion_n of_o lawyer_n be_v law_n till_o confirm_v and_o make_v so_o by_o the_o supreme_a power_n but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n mr._n selden_n more_o fair_o find_v fault_n with_o the_o want_n of_o authority_n in_o these_o dictate_v of_o reason_n consider_v only_o as_o such_o that_o he_o may_v from_o hence_o show_v we_o a_o necessity_n of_o recur_v to_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o god_n and_o that_o he_o may_v thereby_o make_v out_o that_o those_o dictate_v of_o reason_n do_v only_o acquire_v the_o force_n of_o law_n because_o all_o our_o knowledge_n of_o they_o be_v to_o be_v derive_v from_o god_n alone_o who_o when_o he_o make_v these_o rule_n know_v to_o we_o do_v then_o and_o not_o before_o promulgate_v they_o to_o we_o as_o law_n and_o so_o far_o i_o think_v he_o be_v in_o the_o right_n and_o have_v well_o enough_o correct_v our_o common_a moralist_n who_o be_v wont_a to_o consider_v these_o dictate_v of_o reason_n as_o law_n without_o any_o sufficient_a proof_n that_o they_o have_v all_o the_o condition_n require_v to_o make_v they_o so_o viz._n that_o they_o be_v establish_v and_o declare_v to_o we_o by_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n who_o have_v annex_v to_o they_o sufficient_a reward_n and_o punishment_n but_o i_o think_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o if_o these_o rational_a dictate_v can_n by_o any_o mean_n be_v prove_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o will_n of_o god_n the_o author_n of_o nature_n as_o rule_n for_o all_o our_o moral_a action_n they_o will_v not_o need_v any_o humane_a authority_n much_o less_o the_o consent_n or_o tradition_n of_o any_o one_o or_o many_o nation_n to_o make_v they_o know_v to_o be_v so_o therefore_o though_o i_o grant_v this_o learned_a author_n have_v take_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n to_o prove_v from_o divers_a general_a tradition_n of_o the_o jewish_a rabbin_n that_o god_n give_v certain_a command_n to_o adam_n and_o after_o to_o noah_n contain_v in_o these_o seven_o precept_n call_v by_o his_o name_n and_o that_o those_o various_a quotation_n this_o learned_a author_n have_v there_o produce_v do_v clear_o prove_v that_o the_o jew_n believe_v that_o all_o nation_n whatever_o although_o they_o do_v not_o receive_v the_o law_n of_o moses_n yet_o be_v oblige_v to_o observe_v the_o same_o moral_a law_n which_o they_o conceive_v to_o be_v all_o contain_v under_o the_o precept_n above_o mention_v and_o though_o this_o work_n be_v indeed_o most_o learned_o and_o judicious_o perform_v and_o may_v prove_v of_o great_a use_n in_o christian_a theology_n yet_o i_o must_v confess_v it_o still_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o he_o have_v not_o sufficient_o answer_v his_o own_o objection_n concern_v man_n ignorance_n or_o want_v of_o discovery_n of_o the_o lawgiver_n for_o although_o it_o shall_v be_v grant_v that_o those_o tradition_n they_o call_v the_o precept_n of_o noah_n shall_v be_v never_o so_o general_o or_o firm_o believe_v by_o the_o whole_a jewish_a nation_n yet_o be_v they_o not_o therefore_o make_v know_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n and_o one_o of_o they_o viz._n that_o of_o not_o eat_v any_o part_n or_o member_n of_o a_o live_a creature_n be_v just_o deride_v and_o receive_v with_o scorn_n by_o all_o other_o nation_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v evident_a to_o i_o that_o the_o unwritten_a tradition_n of_o the_o learned_a man_n of_o any_o one_o nation_n can_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o sufficient_a promulgation_n make_v by_o god_n as_o a_o lawgiver_n of_o those_o law_n or_o precept_n therein_o contain_v and_o that_o all_o nation_n who_o perhaps_o have_v never_o hear_v of_o adam_n or_o noah_n shall_v be_v condemn_v for_o not_o live_v according_o to_o they_o especial_o when_o we_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v but_o in_o these_o latter_a age_n of_o the_o world_n that_o the_o jewish_a rabbin_n begin_v to_o commit_v these_o tradition_n to_o write_v and_o that_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a the_o ancient_a jew_n know_v nothing_o of_o they_o since_o neither_o josephus_n nor_o philo_n judaeus_n take_v any_o notice_n of_o these_o precept_n in_o their_o write_n therefore_o that_o the_o divine_a authority_n of_o those_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n or_o rule_n of_o life_n call_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n may_v more_o evident_o be_v demonstrate_v to_o all_o consider_v man_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o the_o best_a and_o fit_a method_n to_o inquire_v first_o into_o their_o natural_a cause_n as_o well_o internal_a as_o external_a remote_a as_o near_o since_o by_o this_o series_n of_o cause_n and_o effect_n we_o may_v at_o last_o be_v more_o easy_o bring_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o will_n of_o god_n their_o first_o cause_n from_o who_o intrinsic_a perfection_n and_o extrinsic_a sanction_n by_o fit_a reward_n and_o due_a punishment_n we_o have_v endeavour_v to_o show_v that_o as_o well_o their_o authority_n as_o promulgation_n be_v derive_v i_o know_v indeed_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o former_a writer_n have_v be_v content_a to_o suppose_v that_o these_o dictate_v of_o reason_n and_o all_o act_n conformable_a thereunto_o be_v teach_v we_o by_o nature_n or_o at_o most_o do_v only_o affirm_v in_o general_a that_o they_o proceed_v from_o god_n without_o show_v we_o which_o way_n or_o the_o manner_n how_o therefore_o it_o seem_v high_o necessary_a to_o we_o that_o we_o ought_v to_o inquire_v more_o exact_o how_o the_o force_n of_o object_n from_o without_o and_o of_o our_o own_o notion_n or_o idea_n from_o within_o we_o do_v both_o concur_v towards_o the_o imprint_n and_o fix_v these_o principle_n in_o our_o mind_n as_o law_n derive_v from_o the_o will_n of_o god_n himself_o which_o work_n if_o it_o be_v well_o perform_v we_o hope_v may_v prove_v of_o great_a use_n not_o only_o to_o our_o own_o nation_n but_o to_o all_o mankind_n because_o from_o hence_o it_o may_v appear_v both_o by_o what_o mean_n man_n understand_n may_v attain_v to_o a_o true_a and_o natural_a knowledge_n of_o the_o divine_a will_n or_o law_n of_o god_n so_o that_o if_o they_o practise_v they_o not_o they_o may_v be_v leave_v without_o excuse_n and_o this_o principle_n will_v likewise_o serve_v for_o a_o general_a rule_n by_o which_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o every_o commonwealth_n may_v be_v try_v whether_o they_o be_v just_o and_o right_o or_o not_o that_o be_v agreeable_a with_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o so_o may_v be_v correct_v and_o amend_v by_o the_o supreme_a power_n whenever_o they_o have_v deviate_v from_o this_o great_a end_n of_o the_o common_a good_n and_o from_o hence_o may_v also_o be_v demonstrate_v that_o there_o be_v somewhat_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n as_o also_o in_o our_o own_o and_o all_o other_o man_n nature_n which_o administer_v present_a comfort_n and_o satisfaction_n to_o our_o mind_n from_o good_a action_n as_o also_o firm_a hope_n or_o presage_v of_o a_o future_a happiness_n as_o a_o reward_n for_o they_o when_o this_o life_n be_v end_v whereas_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o great_a misery_n and_o most_o dismal_a fear_n do_v proceed_v from_o wicked_a or_o evil_a action_n from_o whence_o the_o conscience_n seem_v furnish_v as_o it_o be_v with_o whip_n and_o scorpion_n to_o correct_v and_o punish_v all_o vice_n and_o improbity_n so_o that_o it_o may_v from_o hence_o appear_v that_o man_n be_v not_o delude_v in_o their_o moral_a notion_n either_o by_o clergyman_n or_o politician_n i_o grant_v the_o platonist_n undertake_v to_o dispatch_v
not_o but_o you_o will_v find_v in_o the_o body_n of_o this_o discourse_n that_o it_o have_v all_o thing_n necessary_a to_o render_v it_o so_o viz._n god_n consider_v as_o a_o legislator_n and_o his_o will_n or_o command_v sufficient_o declare_v to_o we_o as_o a_o law_n from_o the_o very_a constitution_n of_o our_o nature_n as_o also_o of_o other_o thing_n without_o we_o and_o likewise_o establish_v by_o sufficient_a reward_n and_o punishment_n both_o in_o this_o life_n and_o the_o next_o neither_o do_v we_o suppose_v it_o can_v be_v more_o evident_o prove_v that_o god_n be_v the_o author_n of_o all_o thing_n than_o that_o he_o be_v also_o the_o author_n of_o this_o proposition_n concern_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n or_o concern_v his_o own_o honour_n and_o worship_n conjoin_v with_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n and_o though_o i_o confess_v we_o have_v be_v more_o exact_a and_o have_v dwell_v long_o upon_o the_o reward_n that_o we_o may_v expect_v from_o the_o observation_n of_o this_o law_n than_o upon_o the_o punishment_n which_o be_v appoint_v for_o the_o breach_n of_o it_o and_o though_o i_o know_v the_o civilian_n have_v rather_o place_v the_o sanction_n of_o civil_a law_n in_o punishment_n than_o reward_n yet_o i_o hope_v we_o have_v not_o offend_v though_o we_o a_o little_a deviate_v from_o their_o sense_n and_o make_v it_o part_n of_o the_o sanction_n of_o this_o law_n that_o it_o be_v establish_v by_o reward_n as_o well_o as_o punishment_n since_o it_o seem_v more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n who_o footstep_n be_v strict_o to_o be_v follow_v to_o consider_v the_o positive_a idea_n of_o cause_n and_o effect_n in_o our_o mind_n and_o which_o do_v not_o receive_v either_o negation_n or_o privation_n by_o our_o outward_a sense_n and_o our_o affection_n ought_v rather_o to_o be_v move_v by_o the_o love_n or_o hope_n of_o a_o present_a or_o future_a good_a than_o by_o the_o fear_n or_o hatred_n of_o the_o contrary_a evil_n for_o as_o no_o man_n be_v say_v to_o love_n life_n health_n and_o those_o grateful_a motion_n of_o the_o nerve_n or_o spirit_n which_o be_v call_v corporeal_a pleasure_n because_o he_o may_v avoid_v death_n sickness_n or_o pain_n but_o rather_o from_o their_o own_o intrinsic_a goodness_n or_o agreeableness_n with_o our_o humane_a nature_n so_o likewise_o no_o rational_a man_n desire_v the_o perfection_n of_o the_o mind_n to_o wit_n the_o more_o ample_a and_o distinct_a knowledge_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a object_n the_o most_o happy_a state_n of_o rational_a being_n can_v only_o give_v he_o and_o all_o this_o not_o only_o that_o he_o may_v avoid_v the_o mischief_n of_o ignorance_n envy_n and_o malevolence_n but_o because_o of_o that_o great_a happiness_n which_o he_o find_v by_o experience_n to_o spring_v from_o such_o virtuous_a action_n and_o habit_n and_o which_o render_v it_o most_o ungrateful_a to_o we_o to_o be_v deprive_v of_o they_o and_o so_o the_o cause_n also_o of_o such_o privation_n be_v judge_v high_o grievous_a and_o troublesome_a from_o whence_o it_o also_o appear_v that_o even_o civil_a law_n themselves_o when_o they_o be_v establish_v by_o punishment_n e._n g._n by_o the_o fear_n of_o death_n or_o loss_n of_o good_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o thing_n true_o do_v indeed_o force_v man_n to_o yield_v obedience_n to_o they_o from_o the_o love_n of_o life_n or_o riches_n which_o they_o find_v can_v only_o be_v preserve_v by_o their_o observation_n so_o that_o the_o avoid_n of_o death_n and_o poverty_n be_v but_o in_o other_o word_n love_v of_o life_n and_o riches_n as_o he_o who_o by_o two_o negative_n will_v say_v he_o will_v not_o want_v life_n mean_v no_o more_o but_o that_o he_o desire_v to_o enjoy_v it_o to_o which_o we_o may_v likewise_o add_v that_o civil_a law_n themselves_o ought_v to_o be_v consider_v from_o the_o end_n which_o the_o lawmaker_n regard_v in_o make_v they_o as_o also_o which_o all_o good_a subject_n design_n in_o observe_v they_o to_o wit_n the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n part_n of_o which_o be_v communicate_v to_o all_o of_o they_o in_o particular_a and_o so_o bring_v with_o it_o a_o natural_a reward_n of_o their_o obedience_n rather_o than_o from_o the_o punishment_n they_o threaten_v by_o who_o fear_n some_o only_o be_v deter_v from_o violate_v they_o and_o those_o of_o the_o worst_a and_o most_o wicked_a sort_n of_o men._n but_o though_o we_o have_v show_v that_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o precept_n or_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o also_o of_o the_o sanction_n annex_v to_o they_o be_v brief_o contain_v in_o this_o proposition_n yet_o it_o be_v subject_a be_v still_o but_o a_o endeavour_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o whole_a system_n of_o rational_a being_n this_o limitation_n of_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n imply_v that_o we_o do_v not_o think_v ourselves_o capable_a of_o add_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o divine_a perfection_n which_o we_o willing_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v beyond_o our_o power_n so_o that_o here_o be_v at_o once_o express_v both_o our_o love_n towards_o god_n and_o good_a will_n to_o mankind_n who_o be_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o this_o system_fw-la but_o the_o predicate_v of_o this_o proposition_n be_v that_o which_o conduce_v to_o the_o good_a of_o all_o its_o singular_a part_n or_o member_n and_o in_o which_o our_o own_o happiness_n be_v contain_v as_o one_o part_n thereof_o since_o all_o those_o good_a thing_n which_o we_o can_v do_v for_o other_o be_v but_o the_o effect_n of_o this_o endeavour_n so_o that_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o those_o good_n of_o which_o also_o our_o own_o felicity_n consist_v can_v never_o be_v miss_v of_o either_o in_o this_o life_n or_o a_o better_a as_o the_o reward_n of_o our_o obedience_n thereunto_o so_o to_o the_o contrary_a action_n misery_n in_o this_o life_n or_o in_o that_o to_o come_v be_v the_o punishment_n natural_o due_a but_o the_o connexion_n of_o the_o predicate_v with_o the_o subject_a be_v both_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n and_o also_o a_o demonstration_n of_o the_o natural_a connexion_n between_o this_o obedience_n and_o the_o reward_n as_o also_o between_o the_o transgression_n and_o the_o punishment_n from_o whence_o the_o reader_n will_v easy_o observe_v the_o true_a reason_n for_o which_o this_o practical_a proposition_n and_o all_o other_o which_o may_v be_v draw_v from_o thence_o do_v oblige_v all_o rational_a creature_n to_o know_v and_o understand_v it_o whilst_o other_o proposition_n suppose_v geometrical_a one_o though_o find_v out_o by_o right_a reason_n and_o so_o be_v truth_n proceed_v from_o god_n himself_o yet_o do_v not_o oblige_v man_n to_o any_o act_n or_o practise_v pursuant_n to_o they_o but_o may_v be_v safe_o neglect_v by_o most_o man_n to_o who_o the_o science_n of_o geometry_n may_v not_o be_v necessary_a whereas_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a do_v intimate_o concern_v the_o happiness_n of_o all_o mankind_n upon_o who_o joint_n or_o concurrent_a will_n and_o endeavour_n every_o single_a man_n happiness_n do_v after_o some_o sort_n depend_v so_o that_o this_o endeavour_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v neglect_v without_o endanger_v the_o lose_v all_o those_o hope_n of_o happiness_n which_o god_n have_v make_v know_v to_o we_o from_o our_o own_o nature_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o so_o have_v sufficient_o declare_v the_o connexion_n of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n with_o all_o our_o moral_a action_n from_o who_o authority_n as_o well_o this_o general_a proposition_n as_o all_o other_o which_o be_v contain_v in_o it_o must_v be_v understand_v to_o become_v law_n so_o that_o from_o the_o term_n of_o this_o proposition_n it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o adequate_a and_o immediate_a effect_n of_o our_o thus_o act_v and_o concern_v which_o this_o law_n be_v establish_v be_v whatever_n be_v grateful_a to_o god_n and_o beneficial_a to_o man_n that_o be_v the_o natural_a good_a of_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a system_n of_o rational_a being_n nay_o further_o be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o good_n which_o we_o can_v imagine_v or_o perform_v for_o they_o since_o it_o be_v great_a than_o the_o like_a good_a of_o any_o particular_a part_n or_o member_n of_o the_o same_o system_fw-la and_o far_o it_o be_v thereby_o sufficient_o declare_v that_o the_o felicity_n of_o particular_a person_n be_v derive_v from_o this_o happy_a state_n of_o the_o whole_a system_n as_o the_o nutrition_n of_o any_o one_o member_n of_o a_o animal_n be_v produce_v by_o a_o due_a distribution_n of_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o blood_n diffuse_v through_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o this_o effect_n must_v needs_o be_v the_o best_a since_o it_o
only_o to_o discern_v the_o reasonableness_n of_o all_o virtue_n and_o morality_n which_o be_v their_o duty_n and_o ornament_n as_o they_o be_v man_n but_o also_o they_o may_v here_o see_v the_o true_a foundation_n of_o civil_a government_n and_o property_n which_o they_o be_v most_o oblige_v to_o understand_v because_o as_o gentleman_n they_o be_v bear_v to_o the_o great_a interest_n in_o they_o both_o i_o need_v add_v no_o more_o to_o give_v you_o assurance_n that_o i_o free_o consent_v to_o your_o print_n of_o this_o book_n and_o be_o your_o affectionate_a friend_n ric._n peterborough_n the_o content_n of_o the_o first_o chapter_n a_o brief_a repetition_n of_o the_o preface_n that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n can_v only_o be_v learn_v from_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o god_n and_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o of_o mankind_n in_o general_n §_o 1._o a_o state_n of_o the_o question_n between_o we_o and_o the_o epicurean_o and_o sceptic_n §_o 2._o the_o method_n propose_v in_o what_o manner_n we_o be_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o of_o mankind_n in_o order_n to_o prove_v certain_a general_a proposition_n that_o shall_v carry_v with_o they_o the_o obligation_n of_o natural_a law_n §_o 3._o the_o soul_n suppose_v to_o be_v rafa_o tabula_fw-la without_o any_o innate_a idea_n our_o method_n propose_v of_o consider_v god_n as_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o world_n and_o all_o thing_n and_o humane_a action_n as_o subordinate_a cause_n and_o effect_n either_o hinder_v or_o promote_a our_o common_a happiness_n and_o preservation_n §_o 4._o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n deduceable_a from_o hence_o as_o so_o many_o practical_a proposition_n and_o all_o our_o observation_n or_o knowledge_n of_o it_o reduceable_a to_o one_o proposition_n of_o the_o high_a benevolence_n of_o rational_a being_n towards_o each_o other_o as_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o this_o benevolence_n §_o 5._o what_o thing_n be_v necessary_a to_o be_v know_v or_o suppose_v in_o order_n to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o universal_a benevolence_n §_o 6._o the_o connexion_n of_o the_o term_n of_o this_o proposition_n prove_v and_o what_o be_v to_o be_v collect_v from_o thence_o the_o true_a happiness_n of_o single_a person_n inseparable_a from_o that_o of_o mankind_n the_o general_a cause_n of_o its_o happiness_n to_o be_v consider_v in_o the_o first_o place_n §_o 7._o therefore_o no_o man_n particular_a happiness_n can_v be_v oppose_v or_o prefer_v before_o the_o happiness_n of_o all_o other_o rational_a being_n the_o contrary_a practice_n unreasonable_a and_o unjust_a §_o 8._o yet_o that_o this_o proposition_n can_v be_v of_o sufficient_a efficacy_n till_o we_o have_v propose_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n for_o the_o great_a end_n of_o all_o our_o action_n §_o 9_o the_o effect_n of_o this_o proposition_n not_o prejudice_v by_o the_o ill_a use_n of_o man_n free-will_n §_o 10_o 11._o by_o what_o step_n and_o degree_n the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o common_a good_a come_v to_o be_v convey_v into_o our_o mind_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n §_o 12._o first_o natural_a observation_n that_o in_o our_o free_a use_n and_o enjoyment_n of_o all_o the_o outward_a necessary_n of_o life_n and_o in_o our_o mutual_a administer_a they_o to_o each_o other_o consist_v all_o man_n happiness_n and_o preservation_n from_o whence_o also_o proceed_v a_o notion_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n §_o 13._o that_o man_n be_v able_a to_o contribute_v more_o to_o the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o those_o of_o their_o own_o kind_n than_o any_o other_o creature_n §_o 14._o nothing_o a_o sure_a help_n and_o defence_n to_o mankind_n than_o the_o most_o sincere_a and_o diffusive_a benevolence_n §_o 15._o nor_o any_o thing_n more_o destructive_a to_o it_o than_o their_o constant_a malice_n and_o ill-will_a §_o 16._o that_o these_o principle_n be_v as_o certain_a as_o any_o in_o arithmetic_n and_o geometry_n notwithstanding_o the_o supposition_n of_o man_n freewill_n §_o 17._o yet_o that_o they_o be_v only_a law_n as_o proceed_v from_o god_n the_o first_o cause_n and_o as_o establish_v with_o fit_a reward_n and_o punishment_n §_o 18._o that_o from_o these_o natural_a and_o general_a observation_n we_o attain_v to_o a_o true_a knowledge_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o all_o man_n happiness_n and_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n these_o cause_n act_n as_o certain_o as_o any_o other_o §_o 19,20_o hence_o arise_v a_o true_a notion_n of_o thing_n natural_o and_o unalterable_o good_a or_o evil_n §_o 21._o that_o man_n natural_a power_n and_o the_o thing_n necessary_a for_o life_n can_v neither_o be_v exert_v nor_o make_v use_n of_o contrary_a to_o the_o know_a rule_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n §_o 22._o some_o conclusion_n deduceable_a from_o hence_o as_o that_o we_o chief_o concern_v ourselves_o about_o those_o thing_n and_o action_n that_o be_v in_o our_o power_n §_o 23._o no_o man_n self-sufficient_a to_o procure_v all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o his_o own_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n and_o therefore_o need_v the_o goodwill_n and_o assistance_n of_o other_o §_o 24._o none_o of_o these_o necessary_n for_o life_n can_v produce_v the_o end_n design_v but_o as_o they_o be_v appropriate_v to_o man_n particular_a use_n and_o necessity_n for_o the_o time_n they_o make_v use_v of_o they_o §_o 25._o from_o whence_o arise_v the_o right_a of_o occupancy_n or_o possession_n which_o may_v be_v exercise_v even_o during_o a_o natural_a community_n of_o most_o thing_n §_o 26._o that_o as_o this_o natural_a division_n and_o propriety_n in_o thing_n be_v necessary_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o particular_a person_n so_o it_o be_v also_o of_o mankind_n consider_v as_o a_o aggregate_v body_n §_o 27._o that_o these_o principle_n destroy_v mr._n h_n hypothesis_n of_o the_o right_n of_o all_o man_n to_o all_o thing_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n §_o 28._o the_o necessity_n of_o a_o far_a division_n and_o appropriation_n of_o thing_n now_o mankind_n be_v multiply_v on_o the_o earth_n §_o 29._o no_o man_n have_v a_o right_a to_o any_o thing_n any_o far_a than_o as_o it_o conduce_v or_o at_o least_o consist_v with_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n §_o 30._o the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o natural_a cause_n and_o effect_n alike_o certain_a in_o a_o natural_a as_o civil_a state_n with_o a_o brief_a recapitulation_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o argument_n insist_v on_o in_o this_o chapter_n §_o 31._o the_o content_n of_o the_o second_o chapter_n man_n to_o be_v consider_v as_o a_o natural_a body_n as_o a_o animal_n and_o also_o as_o a_o rational_a creature_n some_o observation_n from_o the_o first_o of_o these_o consideration_n as_o that_o humane_a body_n and_o action_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o law_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n with_o other_o thing_n §_o 1_o 2._o no_o action_n or_o motion_n more_o conducive_a to_o man_n happiness_n than_o what_o proceed_v from_o the_o most_o diffusive_a benevolence_n §_o 3._o mankind_n consider_v as_o a_o system_fw-la of_o natural_a body_n do_v not_o make_v any_o considerable_a difference_n between_o they_o when_o consider_v as_o voluntary_a agent_n endue_v with_o sense_n but_o that_o they_o rather_o act_v more_o powerful_o thereby_o §_o 4._o man_n great_a security_n from_o evil_n and_o hope_n of_o obtain_v good_a depend_v upon_o the_o goodwill_n and_o voluntary_a assistance_n of_o other_o §_o 5._o several_a natural_a conclusion_n draw_v from_o these_o observation_n §_o 6._o the_o like_a be_v find_v true_a in_o animate_v as_o well_o as_o inanimate_a body_n will_v make_v we_o more_o solicitous_a towards_o the_o general_a good_a of_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n §_o 7._o that_o love_v or_o benevolent_a action_n towards_o each_o other_o constitute_v the_o happy_a state_n we_o can_v enjoy_v and_o also_o it_o be_v ordain_v by_o a_o concourse_n of_o cause_n that_o all_o rational_a being_n shall_v be_v sensible_a of_o these_o indication_n §_o 8._o this_o prove_v from_o several_a natural_a observation_n as_o 1._o that_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o body_n of_o animal_n be_v but_o narrow_a the_o thing_n necessary_a for_o their_o preservation_n can_v be_v but_o few_o and_o most_o of_o they_o communicable_a to_o many_o at_o once_o and_o so_o require_v a_o limit_a self-love_n consistent_a with_o the_o safety_n and_o happiness_n of_o other_o §_o 9_o 2._o that_o creature_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n can_v but_o be_v move_v to_o the_o like_a affection_n towards_o other_o as_o towards_o themselves_o from_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o similitude_n of_o their_o nature_n §_o 10._o animal_n do_v never_o deviate_v from_o this_o natural_a state_n but_o when_o they_o be_v seize_v with_o some_o preternatural_a disease_n or_o passion_n which_o as_o oft_o as_o it_o happen_v be_v absolute_o destructive_a to_o
but_o rather_o that_o of_o the_o aggregate_v body_n of_o mankind_n subordinate_a to_o god_n as_o the_o head_n of_o rational_a being_n in_o this_o natural_a system_n or_o commonweal_n establish_v by_o natural_a law_n for_o the_o good_a of_o a_o aggregate_v body_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o chief_a good_a that_o can_v accrue_v to_o all_o its_o part_n or_o the_o individual_a §_o 22._o have_v now_o find_v out_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n by_o what_o mean_v our_o mind_n can_v receive_v the_o idea_n of_o a_o common_a natural_a good_a and_o evil_a and_o these_o no_o less_o certain_a and_o stable_a than_o those_o by_o which_o the_o cause_n of_o generation_n and_o corruption_n be_v exhibit_v to_o they_o i_o come_v next_o to_o consider_v that_o that_o matter_n and_o motion_n in_o which_o the_o power_n of_o humane_a body_n as_o well_o as_o other_o part_n of_o this_o visible_a world_n consist_v and_o exert_v themselves_o after_o a_o limit_v manner_n and_o have_v a_o finite_a quantity_n and_o certain_a bound_n beyond_o which_o they_o can_v act_v from_o which_o principle_n flow_v those_o know_a law_n of_o natural_a body_n as_o that_o they_o can_v be_v at_o once_o in_o divers_a place_n and_o therefore_o can_v be_v move_v towards_o contrary_a point_n at_o the_o same_o time_n or_o so_o as_o to_o be_v subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o contrary_a will_n of_o divers_a person_n at_o once_o but_o be_v so_o bound_v and_o determine_v in_o their_o nature_n as_o to_o be_v only_o order_v or_o dispose_v of_o according_a to_o the_o will_n of_o one_o person_n alone_o or_o else_o of_o divers_a consent_n or_o conspire_v to_o the_o same_o end_n or_o design_n for_o if_o man_n shall_v think_v thus_o to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o they_o will_v be_v so_o far_o from_o conduce_v to_o their_o benefit_n or_o preservation_n that_o they_o will_v only_o tend_v to_o their_o hurt_a and_o destruction_n since_o if_o the_o strong_a have_v a_o right_a to_o take_v from_o the_o weak_a by_o strength_n and_o the_o weak_a from_o the_o strong_a by_o cunning_a and_o surprise_n any_o of_o these_o necessary_n of_o life_n which_o he_o be_v once_o possess_v of_o yet_o when_o he_o have_v they_o he_o can_v be_v no_o more_o assure_v that_o he_o shall_v keep_v they_o than_o he_o be_v that_o last_o possess_v they_o since_o one_o strong_a or_o more_o cunning_a than_o himself_o may_v yet_o come_v and_o serve_v he_o as_o he_o have_v do_v the_o other_o before_o and_o so_o on_o till_o all_o man_n that_o enjoy_v they_o shall_v be_v destroy_v and_o the_o thing_n contend_v for_o perish_v without_o use_n so_o that_o there_o can_v remain_v neither_o any_o owner_n nor_o thing_n to_o be_v own_v §_o 23._o from_o all_o which_o that_o have_v be_v now_o lay_v down_o i_o shall_v draw_v some_o conclusion_n of_o great_a moment_n to_o our_o subject_n as_o 1._o from_o this_o knowledge_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o especial_o of_o our_o own_o humane_a nature_n we_o may_v learn_v that_o somuch_o celebrate_a distinction_n of_o the_o stoic_n between_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n those_o thing_n which_o be_v in_o our_o own_o power_n and_o disposal_n such_o as_o be_v the_o voluntary_a motion_n and_o inclination_n of_o our_o body_n and_o mind_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n the_o thing_n out_o of_o our_o power_n such_o as_o be_v those_o corporeal_a motion_n so_o violent_a and_o irresistible_a which_o we_o daily_o observe_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o nature_n and_o frame_n of_o the_o world_n which_o we_o weak_a creature_n be_v not_o able_a to_o resist_v and_o from_o who_o irresistible_a force_n all_o thing_n here_o below_o be_v in_o a_o perpetual_a flux_n whence_o also_o there_o happen_v to_o we_o man_n a_o perpetual_a vicisfitude_n of_o thing_n as_o well_o adverse_a as_o prosperous_a as_o also_o of_o maturation_n decay_n and_o dissolution_n so_o that_o this_o distinction_n if_o due_o observe_v will_v be_v of_o singular_a use_n as_o well_o in_o form_v our_o manner_n as_o govern_v our_o affection_n for_o from_o hence_o we_o be_v teach_v not_o to_o expect_v any_o other_o or_o great_a happiness_n as_o a_o reward_n of_o all_o our_o labour_n and_o endeavour_n than_o what_o may_v proceed_v from_o a_o prudent_a management_n of_o our_o rational_a faculty_n and_o from_o those_o external_n help_v which_o we_o may_v expect_v divine_a providence_n will_v afford_v we_o in_o its_o govern_v the_o world_n by_o which_o mean_n we_o may_v befree_v from_o those_o fruitless_a labour_n and_o endeavour_n to_o which_o man_n vain_a fear_n and_o groundless_a hope_n so_o often_o transport_v they_o nor_o shall_v we_o too_o much_o afflict_v ourselves_o for_o those_o evil_n which_o either_o do_v now_o or_o may_v hereafter_o without_o our_o own_o fault_n inevitable_o befall_v we_o whence_o the_o great_a part_n of_o those_o trouble_n and_o molestation_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o proceed_v from_o grief_n anger_n and_o discontent_n at_o our_o present_a fortune_n or_o condition_n may_v by_o our_o prudence_n or_o patience_n be_v prevent_v neither_o be_v we_o hereby_o only_o direct_v to_o the_o avoid_n of_o evil_n but_o here_o be_v also_o chalk_v out_o to_o we_o a_o more_o short_a and_o compendious_a method_n by_o which_o we_o may_v by_o degree_n attain_v to_o those_o two_o great_a blessing_n which_o can_v be_v enjoy_v by_o we_o in_o this_o life_n the_o culture_n of_o our_o own_o mind_n and_o the_o government_n of_o our_o passion_n §_o 24._o i_o need_v not_o prosecute_v this_o subject_a any_o far_a but_o shall_v proceed_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o those_o obvious_a observation_n to_o our_o purpose_n viz._n that_o it_o be_v evident_a from_o common_a experience_n that_o the_o natural_a force_n or_o power_n of_o any_o one_o person_n be_v too_o weak_a scanty_a and_o inconsiderable_a towards_o the_o obtain_n all_o that_o happiness_n he_o desire_v and_o be_v capable_a of_o to_o procure_v which_o he_o still_o want_v the_o help_n and_o assistance_n of_o many_o other_o person_n and_o thing_n to_o render_v his_o life_n safe_a pleasant_a or_o content_v and_o further_o that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o any_o one_o of_o we_o to_o contribute_v many_o thing_n towards_o the_o use_n of_o other_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n which_o we_o do_v not_o need_v ourselves_o and_o which_o though_o of_o no_o use_n to_o we_o yet_o may_v be_v of_o singular_a use_n to_o their_o happiness_n or_o preservation_n but_o since_o we_o be_v certain_a from_o those_o know_a bound_n of_o our_o power_n that_o we_o be_v not_o able_a to_o compel_v all_o those_o by_o force_n who_o assistance_n we_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o to_o cooperate_v with_o we_o towards_o this_o our_o main_a end_n and_o design_n viz._n happiness_n there_o can_v be_v no_o sure_a mean_n or_o safe_a defence_n leave_v we_o than_o that_o by_o a_o constant_a offering_n and_o afford_v those_o necessary_n of_o life_n together_o with_o our_o assistance_n to_o other_o as_o often_o as_o it_o lie_v in_o our_o power_n we_o may_v thereby_o probable_o render_v they_o likewise_o benevolent_a and_o helpful_a to_o we_o in_o the_o like_a necessity_n or_o occasion_n so_o that_o this_o benevolence_n or_o charity_n be_v only_o a_o constant_a will_n and_o endeavour_n of_o act_v thus_o sincere_o and_o diffusive_o whenever_o any_o opportunity_n offer_v itself_o and_o that_o even_o in_o those_o case_n in_o which_o it_o may_v oftentimes_o be_v probable_o foresee_v that_o no_o return_n can_v be_v immediate_o expect_v from_o the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o benefit_n be_v do_v since_o however_o it_o still_o contribute_v to_o the_o general_a good_a of_o mankind_n of_o which_o that_o person_n we_o so_o benefit_n be_v a_o member_n which_o general_a benevolence_n do_v not_o yet_o hinder_v but_o that_o we_o may_v bestow_v and_o exercise_v a_o large_a share_n and_o high_a degree_n thereof_o towards_o those_o from_o who_o our_o own_o long_a acquaintance_n and_o near_a relation_n may_v persuade_v we_o to_o hope_v for_o large_a return_v of_o friendship_n §_o 25._o whence_o we_o may_v in_o the_o next_o place_n observe_v that_o if_o our_o assistance_n and_o other_o thing_n in_o our_o power_n certain_o contribute_v to_o the_o use_n or_o benefit_n of_o other_o they_o can_v only_o perform_v this_o as_o they_o be_v assign_v or_o appropriate_v to_o the_o particular_a person_n that_o be_v to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o according_a to_o some_o certain_a time_n and_o place_n so_o that_o if_o right_a reason_n prescribe_v a_o use_n of_o thing_n and_o humane_a help_n as_o necessary_a for_o the_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n it_o as_o necessary_o prescribe_v that_o this_o use_v of_o these_o thing_n shall_v be_v appropriate_v to_o they_o that_o be_v thus_o to_o use_v they_o for_o the_o time_n they_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o they_o and_o according_a
and_o obvious_a observation_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o thing_n without_o we_o which_o we_o daily_o stand_v in_o need_n and_o make_v use_n of_o as_o may_v serve_v to_o prove_v after_o what_o manner_n we_o ought_v to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o and_o whence_o that_o right_o arise_v we_o have_v to_o they_o i_o come_v now_o to_o make_v the_o like_a observation_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o mankind_n in_o order_n to_o the_o prove_v that_o we_o be_v design_v by_o god_n for_o the_o good_a and_o preservation_n of_o other_o beside_o ourselves_o and_o that_o in_o the_o do_n of_o this_o we_o procure_v as_o far_o as_o lie_v in_o our_o power_n the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o all_o rational_a being_n in_o which_o our_o own_o be_v likewise_o include_v to_o perform_v this_o task_n i_o shall_v first_o take_v notice_n of_o those_o quality_n or_o property_n that_o belong_v to_o man_n 1_o as_o a_o mere_a natural_a body_n 2_o such_o as_o belong_v to_o he_o as_o a_o animal_n 3_o such_o as_o be_v peculiar_a to_o he_o as_o a_o rational_a creature_n endue_v with_o a_o high_a and_o noble_a principle_n than_o brute_n viz._n a_o immortal_a soul_n §_o 2._o to_o begin_v with_o the_o first_o of_o these_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o as_o a_o natural_a body_n he_o be_v endue_v with_o these_o property_n common_a to_o all_o other_o natural_a body_n first_o that_o all_o his_o motion_n in_o which_o his_o life_n strength_n and_o health_n consist_v do_v all_o proceed_v from_o god_n the_o first_o and_o original_a or_o cause_n of_o they_o and_o be_v necessary_o complicate_v with_o and_o depend_v upon_o the_o motion_n of_o innumerable_a other_o body_n among_o which_o the_o corporeal_a motion_n of_o other_o which_o do_v often_o limit_v and_o restrain_v our_o own_o be_v first_o and_o chief_o to_o be_v consider_v 2_o that_o from_o they_o as_o from_o other_o body_n motion_n may_v be_v propagate_v indefinite_o and_o which_o do_v not_o perish_v but_o concur_v with_o other_o motion_n to_o perpetuate_v the_o succession_n of_o thing_n that_o be_v contribute_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o as_o the_o former_a teach_v we_o that_o a_o particular_a end_n viz._n our_o own_o preservation_n depend_v upon_o our_o common_a or_o joint_a force_n or_o natural_a power_n so_o this_o latter_a instruct_v we_o that_o such_o power_n and_o motion_n of_o particular_a person_n be_v often_o most_o beneficial_a and_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o man_n the_o first_o of_o these_o conclusion_n forbid_v we_o to_o hope_v for_o or_o endeavour_v our_o own_o private_a good_a or_o happiness_n as_o separate_v and_o distinct_a from_o that_o of_o all_o other_o and_o so_o excite_v we_o to_o seek_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n as_o the_o original_a of_o our_o own_o particular_a happiness_n the_o other_o conclusion_n show_v that_o this_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a can_v never_o prove_v in_o vain_a or_o to_o no_o purpose_n since_o it_o concur_v with_o the_o will_n of_o god_n and_o conduce_v to_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o of_o all_o humane_a creature_n therein_o contain_v and_o far_o that_o in_o each_o complicate_v motion_n as_o well_o in_o that_o towards_o which_o divers_a cause_n concur_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o any_o body_n for_o a_o certain_a time_n as_o also_o in_o that_o whereby_o each_o particular_a body_n concur_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o whole_a system_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a order_n still_o observe_v whereby_o some_o motion_n be_v necessary_o determine_v by_o other_o in_o a_o continual_a series_n or_o succession_n all_o which_o be_v yet_o govern_v or_o overrule_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o whole_a system_n of_o natural_a body_n and_o although_o this_o sort_n of_o contemplation_n may_v seem_v remote_a from_o common_a use_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o to_o be_v contemn_v as_o altogether_o unprofitable_a in_o humane_a affair_n for_o it_o make_v we_o more_o distinct_o perceive_v from_o some_o certain_a general_a principle_n how_o necessary_a a_o constant_a and_o certain_a order_n be_v among_o those_o cause_n that_o act_n from_o corporeal_a force_n so_o that_o many_o of_o they_o may_v each_o in_o their_o order_n successive_o concur_v to_o a_o effect_n foresee_v or_o design_v by_o we_o and_o far_o show_v we_o a_o rule_n how_o we_o may_v certain_o judge_v what_o cause_n do_v more_o or_o less_o contribute_v to_o the_o effect_v seek_v for_o or_o desire_v so_o that_o from_o the_o natural_a power_n of_o these_o cause_n their_o order_n dignity_n or_o power_n in_o respect_n to_o each_o effect_n be_v to_o be_v determine_v and_o judge_v of_o and_o we_o be_v teach_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n as_o well_o what_o cause_n be_v to_o be_v most_o esteem_v for_o those_o good_a effect_n they_o have_v or_o may_v produce_v as_o also_o which_o be_v most_o diligent_o to_o be_v seek_v for_o the_o obtain_v those_o end_n which_o we_o desire_v and_o by_o which_o mean_v it_o may_v be_v also_o know_v that_o those_o cause_n which_o philosopher_n call_v universal_a viz._n god_n the_o first_o cause_n and_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o celestial_a body_n as_o proceed_v from_o he_o be_v the_o original_a cause_n of_o the_o common_a good_a or_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n a_o part_n of_o which_o we_o either_o always_o do_v actual_o or_o can_v hope_v to_o enjoy_v §_o 3._o but_o omit_v those_o motion_n which_o be_v not_o in_o our_o power_n to_o influence_n or_o alter_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o among_o the_o thing_n which_o be_v in_o either_o our_o power_n to_o do_v or_o forbear_v those_o voluntary_a humane_a motion_n proceed_v from_o a_o universal_a benevolence_n of_o all_o man_n towards_o all_o other_o be_v the_o principal_a cause_n of_o their_o common_a happiness_n and_o in_o which_o every_o one_o private_a good_n be_v include_v since_o from_o this_o source_n proceed_v all_o those_o action_n by_o which_o man_n innocence_n and_o fidelity_n towards_o each_o other_o be_v preserve_v as_o also_o by_o which_o humanity_n gratitude_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o other_o virtue_n be_v exert_v and_o perform_v after_o as_o certain_a a_o manner_n as_o the_o natural_a motion_n of_o the_o spirit_n bowel_n nerve_n and_o joint_n in_o a_o animal_n do_v whole_o proceed_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n which_o judgement_n or_o determination_n be_v take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n due_o consider_v shall_v without_o doubt_n cause_v we_o to_o yield_v obedience_n to_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o contribute_v to_o this_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a agent_n and_o may_v make_v we_o also_o diligent_o to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o same_o be_v observe_v by_o other_o so_o that_o there_o may_v be_v nothing_o want_v that_o can_v be_v do_v by_o we_o whereby_o we_o may_v not_o be_v render_v as_o happy_a as_o our_o frail_a nature_n in_o this_o will_v allow_v since_o right_a reason_n can_v propose_v no_o high_a or_o noble_a end_n than_o this_o of_o all_o our_o moral_a action_n §_o 4._o yet_o whilst_o we_o compare_v the_o aggregate_v body_n of_o mankind_n as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v act_n by_o corporeal_a force_n with_o the_o natural_a system_n of_o other_o body_n i_o be_o not_o unmindful_a of_o the_o manifest_a difference_n there_o be_v between_o they_o viz._n that_o all_o the_o effect_n of_o mere_a corporeal_a system_n be_v produce_v by_o the_o contiguity_n and_o immediate_a operation_n of_o body_n move_v upon_o other_o that_o be_v to_o be_v move_v by_o they_o without_o any_o sense_n deliberation_n or_o liberty_n which_o be_v only_o to_o be_v find_v in_o humane_a action_n in_o who_o motion_n and_o operation_n on_o each_o other_o though_o a_o great_a difference_n often_o intervene_v yet_o for_o all_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o corporeal_a power_n of_o man_n when_o exert_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o law_n of_o motion_n with_o other_o body_n and_o that_o divers_a man_n may_v often_o cooperate_v to_o one_o certain_a effect_n relate_v to_o the_o good_a or_o hurt_v of_o other_o so_o that_o there_o be_v the_o same_o necessity_n of_o a_o subordination_n between_o humane_a motion_n as_o there_o be_v between_o those_o of_o other_o body_n and_o i_o must_v here_o far_o take_v notice_n that_o man_n have_v frequent_a opportunity_n of_o meet_v together_o and_o also_o many_o other_o mean_n by_o which_o they_o may_v hurt_v or_o help_v each_o other_o by_o word_n write_v or_o other_o action_n so_o that_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o mankind_n in_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o their_o life_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v consider_v as_o one_o entire_a system_fw-la of_o body_n consist_v of_o several_a particular_a part_n so_o that_o nothing_o almost_o can_v be_v do_v in_o relation_n to_o any_o man_n life_n family_n or_o fortune_n which_o do_v
instead_o of_o subject_n but_o suppose_v that_o the_o lawful_a right_n of_o prince_n be_v sometime_o violate_v by_o the_o unbridled_a lust_n of_o some_o evil_a man_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o this_o knowledge_n of_o the_o difference_n between_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v do_v by_o right_a and_o those_o which_o be_v do_v by_o wrong_n do_v render_v they_o more_o apt_a to_o do_v injury_n to_o other_o but_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o man_n be_v then_o most_o troublesome_a when_o he_o be_v at_o ease_n but_o sure_a it_o be_v not_o without_o injustice_n that_o he_o impute_v the_o fault_n of_o some_o man_n to_o all_o mankind_n and_o that_o without_o any_o proof_n unless_o perhaps_o find_v such_o passion_n in_o himself_o he_o thence_o conclude_v that_o they_o must_v likewise_o be_v natural_a to_o all_o other_o according_a to_o the_o method_n he_o make_v use_v of_o in_o his_o introduction_n to_o this_o book_n which_o i_o have_v before_o take_v notice_n of_o when_o he_o bid_v we_o examine_v this_o similitude_n of_o passion_n and_o so_o whether_o they_o do_v not_o agree_v with_o his_o own_o thought_n but_o i_o must_v free_o confess_v they_o do_v not_o agree_v with_o i_o let_v i_o be_v but_o happy_a and_o want_v nothing_o and_o though_o other_o may_v be_v rich_a or_o happy_a i_o shall_v not_o envy_v they_o nor_o be_o i_o at_o all_o the_o worse_o for_o it_o but_o indeed_o mr._n h._n do_v very_o preposterous_o to_o allege_v this_o fault_n of_o man_n love_n to_o show_v their_o wisdom_n and_o control_v the_o action_n of_o they_o that_o govern_v the_o commonwealth_n against_o all_o mankind_n whilst_o he_o yet_o suppose_v man_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n which_o sure_o according_a to_o his_o own_o hypothesis_n precede_v all_o civil_a government_n but_o we_o be_v now_o come_v to_o mr._n h_n last_o reason_n and_o let_v we_o see_v if_o he_o can_v thereby_o prove_v any_o better_a that_o mankind_n be_v less_o prone_a to_o peace_n than_o brute_n creature_n §_o 15._o last_o the_o agreement_n of_o these_o creature_n be_v natural_a that_o of_o man_n be_v by_o covenant_n only_o which_o be_v artificial_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o there_o be_v somewhat_o else_o require_v beside_o covenant_n to_o make_v their_o agreement_n constant_a and_o last_a which_o be_v a_o common_a power_n to_o keep_v they_o in_o awe_n and_o to_o direct_v their_o action_n to_o the_o common_a benefit_n to_o which_o i_o reply_v that_o the_o true_a natural_a cause_n intrinsical_a to_o man_n as_o they_o be_v animal_n and_o which_o can_v bring_v they_o to_o consent_v to_o the_o exercise_n of_o peace_n and_o mutual_a benevolence_n among_o themselves_o be_v alike_o with_o those_o that_o be_v find_v in_o other_o animal_n even_o the_o fierce_a and_o cruel_a suppose_v lion_n or_o bear_n if_o you_o will_v as_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o this_o treatise_n nor_o can_v mr._n h._n show_v any_o thing_n which_o be_v want_v to_o man_n but_o yet_o be_v find_v in_o brute_n as_o a_o cause_n of_o their_o peaceable_a agreement_n for_o that_o which_o he_o urge_v that_o the_o agreement_n of_o these_o creature_n be_v natural_a that_o of_o man_n be_v by_o covenant_n only_o and_o therefore_o artificial_a may_v perhaps_o impose_v upon_o the_o vulgar_a but_o may_v easy_o be_v confute_v by_o any_o one_o that_o will_v but_o consider_v to_o the_o next_o consequence_n for_o those_o very_a compact_n or_o covenant_n he_o mention_n be_v make_v by_o the_o power_n as_o well_o of_o man_n rational_a as_o animal_n nature_n and_o certain_o if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o covenant_n make_v among_o man_n and_o that_o they_o have_v not_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n yet_o the_o common_a nature_n of_o animal_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n will_v have_v have_v as_o much_o force_n with_o they_o as_o with_o other_o creature_n that_o they_o shall_v agree_v to_o maintain_v a_o mutual_a benevolence_n as_o well_o as_o brute_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n without_o destroy_v each_o other_o who_o agreement_n be_v by_o he_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v natural_a what_o then_o hinder_v but_o after_o there_o be_v beside_o add_v to_o mankind_n reason_n and_o the_o use_n of_o speech_n but_o that_o the_o same_o natural_a agreement_n may_v still_o remain_v reason_n sure_a do_v not_o take_v away_o the_o natural_a endeavour_n and_o propension_n to_o concord_n in_o man_n more_o than_o other_o animal_n neither_o be_v this_o agreement_n less_o natural_a or_o constant_a because_o it_o be_v express_v by_o word_n as_o our_o appetite_n and_o take_v in_o of_o food_n do_v not_o cease_v to_o be_v natural_a action_n in_o we_o although_o we_o may_v express_v this_o appetite_n by_o word_n or_o sign_n and_o may_v also_o appoint_v the_o time_n place_n and_o what_o sort_n of_o meat_n we_o will_v eat_v and_o mr._n h._n himself_o as_o well_o as_o other_o do_v sometime_o acknowledge_v reason_n to_o be_v a_o natural_a faculty_n as_o he_o do_v in_o his_o de_n cive_z in_o the_o place_n already_o quote_v from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o this_o strict_a society_n or_o agreement_n which_o reason_n dictate_v shall_v be_v establish_v by_o compact_n whole_o proceed_v from_o the_o rational_a nature_n of_o mankind_n but_o it_o will_v far_o appear_v that_o this_o agreement_n proceed_v from_o the_o use_n of_o speech_n be_v therefore_o more_o fit_o call_v natural_a if_o we_o consider_v our_o practical_a reason_n to_o be_v altogether_o determine_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o best_a end_n we_o can_v foresee_v or_o propose_v and_o the_o best_a mean_n we_o can_v use_v thereunto_o and_o far_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o can_v be_v effect_v by_o the_o utmost_a endeavour_n of_o our_o reason_n than_o that_o those_o propension_n to_o concord_n with_o other_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n which_o be_v so_o natural_a to_o all_o animal_n shall_v be_v direct_v to_o their_o fit_a object_n viz._n all_o other_o rational_a creature_n and_o that_o all_o our_o particular_a action_n shall_v be_v thence_o exert_v according_a to_o their_o due_a place_n time_n and_o other_o circumstance_n so_o that_o the_o very_a take_n in_o of_o meat_n and_o drink_v be_v most_o natural_a and_o proceed_v from_o the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o a_o animal_n yet_o this_o in_o all_o particular_a case_n be_v best_a govern_v and_o direct_v by_o a_o man_n reason_n take_v care_n of_o his_o own_o health_n without_o any_o irregularity_n in_o his_o diet_n whilst_o those_o precept_n of_o thus_o regulate_v his_o diet_n who_o force_n and_o certainty_n he_o observe_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o his_o own_o particular_a constitution_n may_v very_o well_o deserve_v in_o some_o case_n the_o name_n of_o a_o art_n therefore_o mr._n h._n have_v do_v very_o ill_o in_o make_v that_o agreement_n among_o man_n which_o be_v express_v by_o compact_n to_o be_v so_o artificial_a as_o it_o must_v be_v quite_o oppose_v to_o what_o be_v natural_a i_o shall_v not_o indeed_o deny_v those_o word_n by_o which_o compact_n be_v express_v to_o have_v proceed_v from_o the_o arbitrary_a agreement_n of_o man_n yet_o that_o consent_n of_o their_o mind_n concern_v the_o mutual_a office_n of_o benevolence_n of_o which_o word_n be_v only_o the_o sign_n be_v altogether_o natural_a for_o in_o that_o consent_n of_o mind_n concern_v the_o mutual_a commutation_n of_o duty_n consist_v the_o whole_a nature_n of_o compact_n as_o all_o its_o obligation_n proceed_v from_o thence_o but_o the_o knowledge_n and_o will_n of_o constitute_v some_o sign_n either_o by_o word_n or_o action_n whereby_o this_o sort_n of_o consent_n may_v be_v declare_v be_v so_o natural_a and_o easy_a to_o man_n without_o any_o teach_v that_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o person_n bear_v deaf_a and_o dumb_a as_o i_o have_v give_v some_o instance_n in_o the_o forego_n discourse_n in_o short_a this_o consent_n express_v by_o compact_n concern_v these_o most_o general_a act_n of_o benevolence_n which_o may_v be_v consider_v in_o any_o disquition_n concern_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v either_o not_o to_o be_v call_v artificial_a or_o if_o it_o be_v so_o term_v that_o term_n be_v so_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o it_o agree_v with_o all_o man_n natural_a consent_n and_o not_o as_o it_o may_v be_v oppose_v to_o they_o that_o so_o it_o may_v become_v thereby_o less_o firm_a and_o durable_a as_o mr._n h._n suppose_v it_o for_o the_o signification_n of_o a_o natural_a consent_n constitute_v by_o word_n though_o with_o some_o kind_n of_o art_n do_v not_o at_o all_o diminish_v its_o firmness_n or_o duration_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v it_o do_v sufficient_o appear_v that_o mr._n h._n be_v very_o much_o mistake_v when_o he_o suppose_v that_o the_o agreement_n of_o brute_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n be_v more_o constant_a and_o natural_a than_o that_o among_o man_n