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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	abandon_v	battle_n	horseman_n	18	3	12.6811	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A06617	Instructions for the warres Amply, learnedly, and politiquely, discoursing the method of militarie discipline. Originally written in French by that rare and worthy generall, Monsieur William de Bellay, Lord of Langey, Knight of the order of Fraunce, and the Kings lieutenant in Thurin. Translated by Paule Iue, Gent.; Instructions sur le faict de la guerre. English	Fourquevaux, Raimond de Beccarie de Pavie, baron de, 1509-1574.; Ive, Paul. Practise of fortification. aut; Du Bellay, Guillaume, 1491-1543, attributed name.	1589 (1589)	STC 1708.5; ESTC S109957	278,520	369

like vnto the Mammeluks of the Souldane or the Ianissaries of the Turke which manner although it seemed at the first sight to haue been for the profit of the Empyre notwithstanding it turned it oftentimes vpsidowne because that this number of Soldiers disposed of that dignitie at their pleasure being vpon the place and in armes against naked men and vnarmed On the other side the other armies which were in Fraunce Barbarie and elswere would stand in their owne conceipts the one naming one to be Emperour and the other another insomuch that sometime there were two or three pretendants who in thinking to consume one another consumed the Empyre which had cost so much the getting a thing that they were ignorant of But after that most of the Emperours were of straunge nations as the soldiers which had made them were it was an occasion that they had lesse care of the preseruation of the Empyre then if they had béen borne within the citie Whereof insued that as well those that were declared Emperours as those that had elected them marched against the sayd citie with one consent as against their enemies with intent to triumph ouer it And God knowes whether that these things might be handled without the committing of many robberies insolencies in those chaunges and also of many murthers aswell of the Emperours them selues as of the Senators other great personages in Rome Certainly wee must say that it was impossible seeing that wee may beleeue that if the institutions which the Romanes had at that time that their vertue florished had béen alwaies maintained that was to make warre with their owne people and not to haue waged straungers nor likewise to haue suffered their neighbours and alliance in their camps in greater number then they themselues were their Empyre had not been deuided nor had not béen transported out of their hands nor their citie so many times destroyed and abandoned as it hath béen For if they had maintained their first manner of warre they had escaped all their inconueniences and had brought all their enterprises to as happie ende as they did while they serued themselues with their owne citizens Michaell Paleologus the Emperour of Constantinople may likewise be an example who calling a number of Turkes to his aide to make warres against certaine princes of Greece that rebelled against him shewed them the way to passe out of Asia into Europe and therevpon the said Turkes tooke occasion to come vpon Greece with great force and to inuade it by little and little Of which mischiefe the sayd Emperour was cause for that he chose rather to cause straungers to come to his assistance then to take vp in his countrie those that were necessarie for him to make his warres withall with whom if he had would he might with little labour haue vanquished a Lord of Bulgarie his subiect and haue chastened him without thrusting an armie of Turkes into his countrie who if they had not come there Greece had not suffered the miseries which it hath suffered in time past and which it must yet euery day suffer And therefore without hauing regard vnto the old opinion that is to say whether the countrie be cold or hot and to withstand the manifold inconueniences that may happen vnto those that may make their warres with the helpe of straungers me thinke that euery Prince ought to strengthen himselfe with his subiects without making any accompt to hyer others or at the least if he would be serued with strangers not to make them his principall force for the daunger that might happen As for to commit the person of a king or of the greatest personage of a kingdome vnto the trust of those that are not his subiects and who loue him not and the seruice which they do him is but for a few crownes is a counsaile grounded vpon no reason because it is to bee thought that straungers are much more easie to bee corrupted then those that are borne and bred in the same countrie that their king is The preseruation of whom ought to bee more deare vnto them then vnto those that serue him but for his monie which once failing they abandon him as if they had neuer knowne him Herevpon I may alleadge that which a great troope of Launceknights did vnto Monsiure Montpensier in Naples who left him there at the mercie of the Spanyards only because his monie failed and that the enemies promised them payment at their first arriuall and assoone as they were turned from that parte which was cause of the losse of the same kingdome the first time And not to accuse the Almaignes only I say that the Switzers left Monsiure de latrec at that time that the terme of their payment was expired because they doubted that they should haue borrowed vppon the moneth following And although that the sayd Switzers did not go from vs vnto our enemies yet euery man knoweth well that they forsooke the sayd Lord when as his enemies were equall vnto him in strength which was cause of the losse of the Dutchie of Millain Since that the Grisons departed frō our campe before Pauie and abandoned the King his person euen at that instant that the Spanyards were determined to hazard the battell and to assault him which happened within few daies after so that the going away of those bands did greatly weaken our armie for they were sixe or eight thousand and was cause that the enemie did enterprise more boldly to assault vs and that our men were more discouraged to receiue them in so much that putting thereunto the euil behauiour of our Switzers who went away without striking stroke we lost the battel Whereby appeareth plainly the little trust that is to bée giuen vnto straungers and how daungerous it is for vs to repose our state in their forces Whosoeuer he were I wil not be of opiniō that a King should make his force of straungers nor that he should entertaine so many that they should bee of equall force with his owne subiects if it were so that he were constrained to take any For if the straungers be as strong as his owne people and that it were necessarie that the sayd straungers should doe any thing that were contrarie vnto their mindes which they refused they must bee fought withall or there will bee no obedience but if they finde themselues the weaker they will neuer haue the heart to disobey nor to busie themselues with the authoritie of a Captaine Generall as they are when there is no meane to bridle them For which cause a Prince that might find himselfe in extremitie not to be obeyed of the straungers which he might retaine ought to haue in his campe such a number of his owne subiects that if he were driuen to vse force they might be of power sufficient to constraine the rebels to accomplish his will For otherwise there will be nothing done because the seruice of the sayd Prince will be slacked and sometime

in the last ranke which wasted because theee was no man to supplie it so that the losse that the first rankes suffered was cause of the consuming of the last By this meanes the Phalanges might sooner be consumed then disordred for to ouerthrowe them was impossible because of their great number The Romanes at the first vsed Phalanges instructed their people after the Greekes manner but it is long sithence that they misliked of their order and therfore they deuided their people into many bodies to wit into Cohortes Manipules for they thought as I haue said before that that bodie which had many soules was compounded of many partes ought also to haue manie liues The Batailons of the Switzers Almaignes ours and others do somewhat imitate the Phalanges aswell for that wée doe range a great number of people together as also that wee doe place them in such sort that they may enter one into another his place But why this manner should not be so good as the Romanes many examples of the Romane Legions do shew for that as often as the Romanes fought against the Greekes their Phalanges were ouerthrowne and consumed by the Legions for the difference of their armes and the manner of releeuing thrée times had a more force in it then the great number or the diligence of the Phalanges Being therefore to frame a Batailon after all these examples I haue thought it good to imitate partly the fashions of the Greekes Phalanges and partly the Romane Legions and partly these that we doe vse at this instant and therefore I would that in euery one of our Legions there should be 3600 ordinarie Pikes for the body of the Batailon 420. for the flankes and 170. extraordinarie Pikes for the forlorne hope which are armes that the Phalanges did vse Besides I would haue 600. Halbards 420. Harquebusiers for the flankes and 680. for the forlorne hope all which are armes inuented in our time I haue deuided the body of the Batailon into 10. bandes as the Romanes did theirs into 10. Cohortes and haue appointed the Harquebusiers and the forlorne hope to begin the Battell and for skirmishes as the Romanes did their Velites and haue giuen them two Captaines and two Ensignes to the intent to haue better seruice of them then if they had none and also for to imploye them in the labours of the warres as the other bands And for that the armes are borrowed of diuers nations the bandes must also bee perticipants of the orders of diuers nations and therefore I haue ordained that euery one of the ten bandes should haue 8 rankes of Pikes before the Ensigne and 8 behinde and 4 rankes of Halbardes in the middest so that by that meanes euery band dooth make 20 rankes and euery ranke hath 21. men The Pikes doe serue for to resist Horssemen to breake into the footmen and to withstand the first assaults of their enemies which Pikes I will vse onelye to defend my selfe and afterwards vse the Targets which the Pikemen doo carry at their backes and Halbards to vanquish myne enemies And who so would consider of the force of this order shall finde that euerye sort of armes shall doo his office thoughlye for the Pikes are profitable against the Horssemen and when the footmen doe meete Batailon against Batailon they serue to a good vse before that the rankes are throng together but after that they are once at the close the Pikes can doe no more seruice Wherefore the Switzers to auoide this inconuenience after euerye three rankes of Pikes do place one ranke of Halbardes which they doo to the intent to giue their Pikemen space and place to fight in a prease but yet this is not ynough but as for vs we will haue our Pikemen both before the Ensigne and behinde to carrye Targets and there shall be Halbardes in the middest by meanes of this order to resist bothe Horssemen and footmen and to breake into an enimie for you know that Pikes may serue no turne after that the rankes are preassed together because that the Souldiers are then as it were one in anothers necke and therefore if the Pikemen had nothing but their Pikes and Swordes the Pike being abandoned they should be naked for which cause I haue giuen them Targets to couer themselues from blowes and to fight in all places what prease soeuer there were Moreouer the Halbardiers maye also fight better in a prease then the Pikemen which Halbardiers are expressely appointted for this purpose and likewise they may followe the sayde Targets at the heeles who are heauily laden to reskue them with their Halbards And as for the Target men I would haue them but onely to thrust at the face and legges or at any other parte that were vnarmed But leauing these small things I will goe range the ten bands in one whole Batailon How to range a Legion in battaile and after what maner it must be practised The 10. Chapter WHo so would range ten bands in a Batailon must first put a side by themselues the Pikemen and Harquebusiers that are appoynted for the flanks those of the one 5 bāds on the one side those of the other on the other And likewise one bād of the forlorne hope on the one side the other on the other side in such sorte that the said bandes of these two flankes shall leaue a great voide space betwixt them for to range the batailon in which shal be done after this manner The first band shall goe before the second and the second before the third and the third before the fourth and so likewise the others They shal marche in their single order that is fiue and fiue in a ranke as I haue said before Afterwards the Colonell shall commaund his trumpet to sound that the King commaundeth them to double their rankes And then the ranks of fiue shall be doubled and made 10. This done the Colonell or Sergeant Maior shall commaunde the trumpet to sounde againe that the King commaundeth them expresly to redouble their rankes which at this second cry shal be 20. in the middest of euerie ranke shall the Chiefe of Squadron place him-selfe to make it to be 21. The Trumpet shall sounde the third time by commaundement as before and at this sound the first bande shal goe forward vnto the place where the front of the Batailon shall be placed and shal stay there in that order that I haue ranged the perticular bands The space which euerie Souldier must occupie marching in single order must bee three paces in bataile 2 and when he fighteth 1. The distance from one ranke vnto another being in single order must be 4. paces and being placed in battaile 2. and in fight one So that the said 21. men being in battaile will occupie 42. paces in fronte and the 20. rankes will occupie 60. in length heere in comprysed the space that euery Souldier dooth occupie which is one pace The first

enuiron your Battayles vppon euery side for what side so euer should be assayled you haue Pikemen to defend the same moreouer the officers numbers Chiefes are distributed into sutch places that they may easily commaund their people obey their Captain generall The distances betwixt the ranks bands battailes do not only serue for to receiue one another but also to make place for those that come and goe to carry re-carry the commaunds of the Chiefes Furthermore I haue said that the Romanes had in foure of their Legions the number of 21000. footemen which were all the people that they commonly had in one of their armyes This Hoast which I frame heere hath 25000. not accompting the principall Chiefes and Officers who also haue some followers Finally they had horssemen so likewise mine haue a good number who are better armed and furnished then theirs were wherefore sith the battailes are raunged in all points readie to fight there resteth nothing but to set these people aworke I do require therefore that I may be héere permitted to giue battaile with these foure Legions against another great Hoast of Enemyes to the intent to shewe after what manner I would haue them to fight afterward I will giue a reason for that I cause them to do during the battaile which battaile I do fayne by imagination The Author sheweth by a fayned Battaile how an army of foure Legions raunged after the manner that he teacheth should vse their fight against their enemyes vpon a day of battaile The 12. Chapter WE do suppose that euery one doth sufficiently vnderstand the ordering of this Hoast and do imagine to sée it readie to begin battaile when so euer it shall be néedfull Or else let vs put case that our enemyes are come out of their Fort and our men also and that both the one and the other meane nothing else but to méere and are approched within Cannon shot Let vs also suppose that the said enemyes are raunged in very good forme of battaile and that they haue a great force of all sorts of people aswell footemē as horsemen besides good store of Ordnance And furthermore that the place wherein these 2. armies do attēd to enter into battaile is large and plaine so that the scituation cannot helpe the one to annoy the other The matter being in these termes and the two armies in sight there resteth no more but to giue fire vnto the péeces and to discharge them You may now see that the gunners do not sleepe on neither side and also heare how the cannon doth rore Let vs marke what murder it doth Haue you seene how little hurt our Ordnance hath done vnto the enemies at the first vollie Herevpon the King his Lieutenant Generall doth cause his Trumpet to sound to begin the battaile This done you see our Forlorne hope and our Harquebuziers of the flanckes do go forwards out of their places and our Harquebuziers on horsebacke and Hargoletiers likewise and they altogether assault their enemies without kéeping any ranke approaching them most furiously and with the greatest crye that they can make The enemies Ordnance hath passed ouer our footmens heads not hurting them and to hinder it for shooting the second time our Forlorne hope Harquebuziers on horsebacke and Hargoletiers do runne vpon it and do all their endeuour to winne it and the enemies to defend it so that neither their Ordnance nor ours may do any more seruice You see how our horsemen and footmen mingled one with another do fight valiantly and to good purpose succouring one another the practise which they haue had and the trust that they repose in the Battailons that are at their backes are causes of it which Battailons haue alreadie kist the ground and march orderly as you see a good pace with the horsemen at their wings euery ranke of men of armes being one hundred horse And the light horsemen who do make as many rankes as they are vpon the out-side of the men of armes and are one ranke after an other and do march all very close marke how our Ordnance is retired into the spaces that are left betwixt the Legions for to make place for our Battailes and to leaue them the way free Do you see how the King his Lieutenant Generall and the Captaine Generalls of the horsemen and footmen do go before the Battailons encouraging the Souldiers to do well and the Captaines also calling euery man by his name or by his office declaring vnto them the victorie to be in their hands so that they abide and resist the enemies charge without feare Do you marke how our Harquebuziers on horsebacke and our Hargoletiers do open themselues to make place for our battailes and how the Harquebuziers of the flanckes do returne into their places The Forlorne hope of the right side do returne vnto the right side and those of the left vnto the left and do retire without feare or flight although they haue the enimie at their héeles and a farre greater number then they are and how they do returne all at once to weet the Forlorne hope of two Legions together toward the one side and the Forlorne hope of the other two Legions together toward the other side to put themselues into a newe order the Pikemen by themselues and Harquebuziers by themselues which Pikemen of each two Legions do ranke themselues in eight rankes and euery ranke is a Squadron of 21. men for they are all of this number which is a sufficient number to represent a small Battailon But these two small Battailons are raunged as you may see behind the Triaries each of them right behind the space that is betwixt the two Legions the Harquebuziers do raunge themselues in troopes by them to defend them behind while the fronts do fight They do also remaine there for to bée imployed when as the Lieutenant Generall should haue occasion to vse them But whilest I appoynt our Forlorne hope their place at the tayle of our Legions I do see that the two armies are come together vnto the push of the Pike Marke how resolutely our Battailons do withstand the violence of the enemie and with what vertue and silence they do it The King his Lieutenant Generall commaundeth the men of armes stoutly to resist but not to assaile and that they should not seperate themselues from the footmen and therevpon commaundeth the light horsemen to assaile and after they haue executed their charge they should returne againe into their places On the other part I see that our Harquebuziers on horsebacke and the Hargoletiers and Harquebuziers of the right flancke are gone to charge certaine troopes of the enemies Harquebuziers who would charge our men vpon the flanck and I see that the enemies light horsemen haue succoured their men immediatly and that at this instant the horsemen on both sides are so intermingled that the Harquebuziers can do no seruice with their Harquebuzzes but are constrained to retire vnto

deuide it into thrée battailes that is into Auantgard battaile Kiergard for this diuisiō serueth for no other purpose but to march on the way to deuide the quarters for their lodgings but for the giuing of Battaile this diuision may giue none aduantage no more then if they were not deuided for all the hazard of the combate dependeth vpon one of these thrée battailes whosoeuer it is that shall fight first and according vnto the fortune that that one hath the other two doe gouerne themselues for if it bee ouerthrowne the other two are dismaide and léese their hope of well dooing and perhaps they shal be brought into disorder by those that flie retyring vnto them to be saued And if so be that the Battaile which is first assaulted do repulse their enemies that did charge them yet is it but one part of the enemie that is ouerthrowne for that the rest continue in their intire so that it is to begin againe as also it is to be doubted that if those that haue ouercome their enemies should follow them anye thing that they should bee inclosed by their other Battailes in the sight of their freends But to proceed in our busines you haue seene before how our Hargoletiers and Harquebusiers a Horsebacke on the left side of our Battailons were repulsed by the enemies Horssemen and how that they retyred vnto the Pikes of the same flanke I say vnto you that I haue caused it to be so handled to shewe wherein the Pikes of the flankes may be imployed who are not onely appointed alwaies to keepe the sides of the Battailons but may serue for more turnes then one Likewise I haue made the men of armes to fight after that manner that I would that they should fight without breaking their order and that they should not bestowe their labour vpon men heauie laden with harnes for that would be time lost but the surest way is to bend at the Horsses who so will haue the men at their commaundement And as concerning that I made them to staye at the méeting is for that I doe thinke it to be much better then to charge running aswell for to continue them in good order as to keepe their Horsses in breath for to haue them to be fresh at the combate True it is I haue made them to runne all at one time and that was because that they should resist their enemies the better yet it is verye harde for Horsemen to keepe their rankes how little soeuer theyr Horsses doe runne for that Horsses are some swifter then other some therefore there is lesse daunger for them to keepe themselues firme not seperating themselues then there is in being too forwarde Our men of armes at Rauenna did vse the same order and did easely ouerthrow the men of armes of Spayne Moreouer I haue caused the Forlorne hope to put forth themselues to succour the men of armes to the intent you should know the seruice that this order of forlorne hope might doe who after that they haue begune the battaile doe range themselues in good order either behinde or vppon the flankes to serue for Subsides vntill such time as they may finde some occasion to anoye their enemies In the meane while the Harquebusiers a horsebacke are alwaies séeking to endamage their enemies But to tel you the reason what moued me to make the Kinges Lieutenant generall to light a foote you must vnderstand that in times paste the Captaines Generalls of Hoasts did giue order themselues through out all the armie whether it were to range the Battailes to giue the signes to beginne the combat or to sende the Subsides one into anothers place and in some all that was done from the first vnto the last was gouerned by their commaundement and hereof I can aleadge a number of examples And yet this was not all but if their people were at any parte distressed they succoured them speedelie and lighted a foote when it was needefull or foughte a horsebacke when as they might doe it which was cause that their battailes were better fought then ours are now forasmuch as the Chiefes left no little peece of their office vndon were it in playing the Chiefe or the Souldier But these that are at this present doe thinke to doe no more after that the Battaile is once begunne then a simple valiant Souldier ought to doe where as it is the parte of a good Chiefe to ouerlooke on euerie side what the enemies do against his people to the intent to remedie all inconuences to be carefull that his people receiue no damage through his defaulte where in it were necessarie that hee should employe anie of his Souldiers and sometimes his owne persone yet this ought to be done as seldome as maybe possible or if that he did fight it shoulde bee at an extremetie as our Captaine Generall did who lighted to relieue a Batailon that his enemies oppressed and to resist the enemies force the more surer you haue seene that one bande of men of armes did goe to charge the enemies vpon the flanke and the other bandes in the meane while haue turned their faces vnto the enemies horsemen making shew to assayle hem to trouble them from going to succour their footemen and when hee had relieued the sayde Batailon hee lept a horsebacke immediatlie And so likewise woulde I haue our Chiefe to doe who ought to determine neuer to fight except hee were forced there vnto but shoulde leaue that charge vnto them that haue no bodie to gouerne but their owne persones or perticular bands or that are not of that quallitie that a Lieutenant generall is And in so doing he can no waies be reproched that he hath not vertuously acquited himself of his charge although that he lay not to his hands for it is to be thought that he aspired not vnto that estate but through his vertues and that he hath before suficiently prooued himselfe to bée a valiant and hardie man and therefore a Lieutenant generall ought not to be reputed for a coward although he fight not And when all is saide there may more mischiefe happen in playing the hardie man then in playing the cowarde as many auncient histories doe make mention as of Fabius the cowarde and Mutius the hardie and of manie others specially of Monsieur de Foix who was slaine through his too much hardienes whose death was more hurtefull vnto the French-men then the victorie that he got was profitable But let vs proceed and not stay at that which is too manifest and let vs speake somewhat of the forme of our Hoaste as for to speake of the rest that happened at the ende of the combat would be superfluous sith I haue spoken alreadie both in the beginning of the battaile and before of the causes that doe giue our men the aduantage and the victorie after that they doe come vnto the fight of the Sworde I haue likewise taken the one halfe of our horsemen from our

sodden which they do eate very well without bread and drinke water And moreouer they are not troubled with the carrying of kettles or pannes because that they do see the their flesh in the skinnes of beastes when they haue flayed them nor haue no care to carrie prouision with them because they are sure to finde in the countrie where they do pretend to make warre One thing they haue care of that is to carrie a plate of yron and a bagge of meale to the intent that when they feele their stomackes weake and féeble with the eating of too much rawe flesh they might comfort them with cakes which they do make after this manner They temper a little meale in a dish and cast their plate into the fire and when the plate is hot enough they do make little cakes of their paste and bake them vpon the sayd plate and by this meanes they do make great iournies to surprise their neighbours without rumour of their enterprises and without any great cost As for vs Frenchmen we will haue a regard not to liue so soberly what need soeuer there were for hardly wil we one houre indure the lacke of good wine or good bread nor of any other daintie no more then if we were at home in our owne houses and that euerie man were of abilitie to haue all that he desired And therfore our armies are quickly famished as well for that it is hard to make prouision for many daies of so many things as wee do require as also for the meruelous spoyle that are made of our prouisions when we haue them Wherefore we must reforme our hoasts after a new manner that is neuer to suffer men of warre to eate other bread then that they should bake themselues And in so doing it should be necessarie to furnish the sayd Souldiers euery man with a quantitie of meale whether it were by gift or in rebating it vpō their wages As for wine the General should not trouble himselfe to prouide any nor impeach the victuallers from bringing it aboundantly and yet he should vse no great diligence on his part to cause any to be brought vnto the Camp As for the other prouisions they may bee vsed altogether according vnto the auncient manner This doing all well considered you shall finde that a Lieutenant Generall shall free his armie of a most great charge and ease himselfe of a great burthen And to the intent that our Legionaries should finde the want of victualls to bee the lesse straunge vnto them if that they should lacke at any time and that they might passe at a neede without wine and choyse of meates I am of opinion that in going and returning from their musters they should be forbidden to drinke wine and to eate bread baked in an ouen and likewise the eating of flesh except lard whereof only I would cause prouision to be made at the places where they should passe lodge and for the rest they should carrie vpon their backs asmuch meale as should serue them during the voyadge if that they would eate for other prouision I would make them none of any thing Through this order the Souldiers would learne to suffer all necessities at a need the countrie should be eased and the Souldiers would not bee so readie to make quarrels and debates amongst themselues as they are when they haue great aboundance of victualls To treate of the booties that are gotten after the winning of a battaile or in going through an enemie his countrie or in getting any towne by assault or by the raunsoming of the towne or countrie where an armie doth passe and for prisoners that may bee taken first it shall not bee amisse to examine how the auncient Chiefes did gouerne their armies in the like busines And consider what is the cause that the warres at these daies do aswell impouerish the Princes that are vanquishers as those which are vanquished for that if the one do loose honor and any part of his lands the other doth spend his treasure and his goods which was not so in times past because that the vanquisher enriched himselfe alwaies with the goods and spoyles of his enemies and at this time we do make no such accompt of the booties which we do get as they did then but all is abandoned vnto the Souldiers which is cause of two great disorders the one is that which I haue spoken of touching the impourishing of a Prince and the other is that the Souldiers do become the more couetous to get and lesse carefull to keepe the orders of the warres For many times it hath béen seen that the couetousnesse of the pillage hath ouerthrowne the vanquisher as happened vnto the Frenchmen at Guyngate where the victorie was wholly ours if the French Archers had not giuen themselues vnto pillage which they payd for dearely for they lost all their liues there The Romanes who without doubt haue béen the maisters of this exercise did prouide wisely for these two inconueniences for it was ordayned amongst them that the bootie that was gotten should appertaine vnto the common vse and that the Consull should distribute it as he thought good in the name of the Senate and people And in this case they had Questors which were as we would say Treasourers into whose hands were assigned all the booties and raunsomes that were made wherewithall the Consull did helpe to pay his Souldiers to succour sicke and hurt men and to helpe to support the other charges of the hoast But yet the Consull might suffer his men to ransacke and they did it sometimes but it neuer caused any disorder for that their enemies hoast being ouerthrowne al the spoyle was placed in the middest of the armie and afterward it was distributed vnto euery man according vnto his qualitie and vertue which manner was cause that the Souldiers gaue themselues vnto the fight and not vnto pillage and also that the ordinarie bands raunged in the bodie of the Battailon did not pursue those that fled but continued fast in their rankes without daunger for the light armed men only had the charge to followe the victorie so that if the bootie should haue appertayned vnto those that did first gather it vp it had not béen possible nor agreeing vnto equitie to haue kept the battailons in order haue giuen others libertie to make their profite By this meanes the common treasure augmented merueilously and that was the occasion that a Consull carried so much treasure at his triumph hauing gathered it together of his booties and raunsomes The Romanes did also another thing with great consideration that was that the one third part of the wages that they gaue monthly vnto euery Souldier was deliuered into the hands of the Ensigne-bearer which he might not render vnto them agayne vntill such time as the warres were finished And this did they being thereunto mooued by two reasons the one was to the intent that the Souldiers might haue some profite

in a Campe because of the charge that he hath vnder hys hands to wéete the King his money which is the maintenance of the warres without which it is impossible that an Army could be mainteined long hauing to do with a strong and obstinate enemy The said Threasorer is to imploy the Kings money many wayes for the preferment of his seruice moreouer he ought to receiue the tributes and taxes that the townes and countrey conquested do pay vnto the King and that those that are vnder his obedience do contribute or if so be that there be any league and that the said league should furnish money and no people he must also prouide that the Campe should be furnished with store of victuall and must haue a care that euery man as well the great as the small the Pyoners as the principals should be contented and paid their wages at the tearme that they ought to be paid if you would that the King should be well serued and that the souldiers should obey theyr Chiefes and be men of good life For if money do want I do not knowe how a Camp could be mainteined nor the souldiers kept from robbing and committing of a thousand mischiefes for I see no meanes how to correct them for any fault when as necessitie doth constraine them therevnto but I do not say but that they ought to haue patience and to haue a care not to offend although that money be long a comming for I do knowe well ynough that it cannot alwayes be brought at the time appointed because of the lets that they haue oft times that should bring it or that the threasurie is sometimes so neere emptyed that there must be a time to recouer newe and therefore the souldiers ought to haue patience vntill it be leuyed and do ariue but if the attending for it be too long there is nothing more iniust then to haue men to liue by the winde or without money like vnto gray Friers But then there must be daily a certaine quantitie of victuals distributed vnto them and other things necessary for their liuing and apparell to mainteine thē vntill that their pay do come or for to abandon them to their owne discretions that is to say that they may take where they can finde it which is a thing that ought neuer to be permitted but in an extremity and when as all other meanes do faile for that this liberty is cause that the souldiers do fall into such insolencie that it will be almost impossible to bring thē afterwards againe into their right course yet it is lesse dangerous then to see them to perish with famine and to see the army to decay before our faces The one of which two will happen if so be that it be not foreséene spéedely and the fault héereof must not be attributed vnto Chiefes or Captaines when as we do know that they cannot haue wherewithall to nourish themselues others seeing that their wages is behind as well as the souldiers and are as néedy or more néedy then the simplest souldier If we wil say that the speaches of the Chiefes do appease prolong the souldiers I do confesse it to be true but it is but for a few daies whilest the souldiers do giue some credit vnto their words but afterwards when they do sée that they are led frō day to day with bare words there will be no meane to keepe thē contented any longer but they will murmur after diuers manners will giue no more credit vnto their Chiefs afterwards it might also be an occasion that they would not credit thē at other times whē as they do tell them the truth and when as it shall be verie necessary to vse speaches vnto them for one of the principallest point that a Chiefe ought to haue in recommendatiō is not to lye vnto his souldiers if that the vntruth may be found discouered afterwards because that at another time he shall haue much to do to perswade thē to belieue him in speaking the truth for that he hath deceiued them before And although that there ought a regard to be had in this matter yet at this day we would that lyes should stand in stead of paiment that souldiers should be pacified with words by the meanes the Captaine is discredited for a thing that may be remedied another way when all is said to couer the Threasurers faults by another man who oft times do play the Dukes in good townes whilst the souldiers do sterue in a Camp or do imploy the money that is due vnto souldiers to their perticular vses whereas they ought to leaue all other busines vndone to be at the Campe in due time The Threasurer for the warres ought to prouide in such sort that the souldiers all others that do take wages might be paid at their tearme and if so be that the paiment do stay certain daies after that tearme that at the least the souldiers do not loose those daies for reason would that the workeman should be paide his hyre And when as the said Threasurer doth know that it will be longer before money do come then were néedefull it should be he must aduertise the Lieutenant Generall incontinent that order may be taken how euery man should liue and that prouision of victuals might be made before hand to be distributed afterwards vnto euery man according vnto his estate to attend whilst that money doth come And there would be no great hurt done if that the souldiers did knowe how long it would be ere that they should be paide for some would saue their money and haue to spare that make no reckening to spare thinking to receiue newe money at the ende of the moneth such as do liue but from hand to mouth without care what shall come after By meanes of this aduertisement the Captaines should not néede to content their people with words the souldiers should haue as little occasion to mistrust their Chiefes And this is all that I do pretend to speake of the foure Officers or Magistrats aforesaid who are to haue to do with many other things but these that I haue spoken of are the most generall I will therefore returne to my matter which I left before concerning the placing and ordering of a Campe for diuision whereof it were necessary that those that should haue that charge should be expert in the art of measuring to the intent that immediatly after that the place is chosen they may giue the Campe such square forme as is said and afterwards distribute the quarters places publike streates in summe all that is requisite in a Campe which doing they shall neuer be constrained to stay long for the ordering of a Campe for that they must keepe alwayes one selfesame forme and manner of lodging without varietie at any time and by that meanes euery man should knowe hys place after once lodging although that no bodie do shewe him his quarter