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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A57999	The history of the Turks Beginning with the year 1679. Being a full relation of the last troubles in Hungary, with the sieges of Vienna, and Buda, and all the several battles both by sea and land, between the Christians, and the Turks, until the end of the year 1698, and 1699. In which the peace between the Turks, and the confederate Christian princes and states, was happily concluded at Carlowitz in Hungary, by the mediation of His Majesty of Great Britain, and the States General of the United Provinces. With the effigies of the emperors and others of note, engraven at large upon copper, which completes the sixth and last edition of the Turks. In two vol. in folio. By Sir Paul Rycaut, kt. eighteen years consul at Smyrna, now his Majesty's resident at Hamburg, and fellow of the Royal Society.	Rycaut, Paul, Sir, 1628-1700.; White, Robert, 1645-1703,	1700 (1700)	Wing R2408; ESTC R216646	1,015,219	685

refreshed themselves after a long Battle tedious and tiresome Marches in great Want and Scarcity of all Necessaries for Support and sustenance of an Army After which great and signal Victory August 1687. Te Deum was on the 13th of August Sung in the Tent of the Grand Vizier and Triumphs made by exposing the Horse-tails Te Deum Sung in the Vizier's Tent. and great Numbers of Banners and Ensigns before the Door of the Tent with Vollies of small Shot and Discharge of Four hundred Pieces of Cannon giving Thanks to God for this so remarkable a Success which was the more observable because this Victory was obtained in that very Ground where Lodowick the last of the Hungarian Kings was Slain and his Army Routed by Sultan Soliman the Magnificent who in Memory thereof caused a Mosch of Wood to be Erected and Endowed it with Eight hundred Crowns Yearly Rent that Dervises who are a sort of Turkish Friers might solemnize their daily Devotions and Prayers in that place The Turkish Army being thus totally Routed and Dispersed some in the Woods and others in the Marshes where many of them dyed of their Wounds or fainted for want of Food or Refreshments others of them or as many as could Travelling a Day and a Night came at length faint and weary to lodge themselves under the Walls and Cannon of Esseck without Provision to comfort them or Tents to cover them where being sad and disconsolate had the Mortification to hear the Triumphs which the Christians were making in their Camp for their Victorious Successes This News affected the Inhabitants of Agria to the last extremity of Despair Agria surrenders They had lived for a long time in hope of Relief and feeding on that and on Horse-Flesh and Dogs and Herbs growing under the Walls and by making sometimes Excursions near hand to gain a little sustenance but now by this last blow being put beyond all hopes the People had thoughts privately to abandon the Town and fly to other Quarters but the Town being closely blocked up by Marquess Doria was forced soon afterwards to surrender at discretion without any farther Effusion of Blood The Suceess of this Battle near Harscham happened very seasonable to the Christian Cause and of great Comfort and Joy to the Court of Vienna where they had lately received no very good News in reference to the State of their Army which as Reported Fears at Vienna was very much weakened by late Skirmishes Sicknesses and want of Provisions and much harassed by long Marches bad Weather and dirty deep Ways Of which the Enemy being sensible was grown bold and daring and often pressed them to a Battle The Emperor being informed hereof was very doubtful and anxious for the Success and Prayers Supplications and Penance were ordered to be made in all Churches to implore the Divine Assistance and Blessing when the Prince Eugene of Savoy arrived at Vienna with the News of the Battle and the Particulars of the Victory which filled all the Court and City with Joy and Triumph Joy at the News of Victory To render which the more compleat and full Advices were come the Night before from the Senate of Venice to give an Account to his Imperial Majesty of the Defeat which the Arms of St. Mark had given the Turks in the Morea which had produced such a Terror and Consternation amongst them that in little more than Four and twenty Hours time Four places had surrendered to the Venetians With these happy Advices Expresses being dispatched to all Courts of Christian Princes were the Cause and Subject of common Joy and Jubilee in the Courts of all the most Christian Kings only excepted The Grand Vizier with his scattered Troops rallied near Esseck where taking an account of the Numbers lost he found his Army diminished about Twenty thousand men for besides those which were killed taken and drown'd many had deserted and withdrawn from the Field The Face of the whole Camp was sad and disconsolate and thô the Vizier did all he could to comfort and chear them yet they being not only melancholy but angry and ashamed of their dishonourable Flight began to blame and cast the fault on each other The Janisaries with good reason upbraided the Spahees Dissentions amongst the Turkish Militia as the Authors of their Rout for that they cowardly retiring broke in upon their Ranks and put them into disorder which the Enemy observing pressed so hard upon them that they were forced to give way and with them the whole Army was laid open and exposed to the Enemy The Dispute grew so hot between the Two Ranks and Orders of Soldiers who were always emulous of each other that at length they came to Blows and to a Civil War in which about Seven hundred were killed upon the place The Grand Vizier and Officers had no sooner with much pain and labour parted the Fray but the tumultuous Soldiery joyned together to accuse the Vizier himself and to cry out that the loss of the day was to be charged on him and the Myrmidons about him who were the most forward to show an Example to the Soldiery of a base and fearful Flight the which Clamour caused such a Mutiny in the Camp as had put the Life of the Vizier Appeased with Mony and many great Officers into extreme danger had not the Vizier with Money and fair words mollified their Anger But this accommodation continued not long before the Grand Vizier was forced to give way to the irresistible fury and sedition of the Soldiery as we shall presently have occasion to declare In the mean time the Duke of Loraine not to lose the benefit and advantage of so glorious a Victory designed a farther Conquest and to conclude the Campaigne with some other memorable Enterprize It was the common Talk at Vienna amongst the Courtiers at the Emperor's Palaces and amongst the Religious men in their Convents and Monasteries that the Duke of Loraine was to prosecute his Victory without delay as far as Belgrade and thence to pass to Adrianople and make that City his Head Quarters for this Winter but these men who had reposed themselves quietly at home had not the Thoughts nor Consideration of the great Generals to know the Sufferings and Hardship which the Cavalry had sustained this Summer in passing Boggs and Marshes by want of Forage and long Marches nor the difficulty of passing the River of Drave defended by the strong Fortress of Esseck nor the Season of the Year too far spent to undertake any great Enterprize All which being considered by the Two Great Captains the Duke of Loraine and the Elector of Bavaria Forces sent under Dunewalt they resolved only to send a detachment of Ten thousand men under Command of General Dunewalt to pass the Drave at Turanovitz and there to undertake such designs as should be thought most facile and feasible without over-much hazard to be put in

suspected and accus'd but whether that jealousie arose from the near alliance in Blood he had with the Family of Serini or from malicious Informations is uncertain howsoever his Secretary by Order of the Emperor was put to the Torture and tho' therein he confess'd nothing which could accuse or reflect on his Master yet he was treated as a guilty person and all his Estate real and personal in Austria and Bohemia were seiz'd and confiscated to the use and benefit of the Emperor Count Souches had the like misfortune to have his Fidelity and Loyalty suspected but in regard nothing could be prov'd against him he was commanded to leave the Court and retire to his Government of Waradine or some other part of his Estate The Son also in resentment of this hard usage of his Father abandon'd the Court and all the Offices he enjoy'd therein ANNO 1675. At the beginning of this year the Turks began more openly to assert the Cause of the Malecontents The Turks joyn with the Malecontents making their Incursions as far as Freystadt within the Neighbourhood of Presburg forcing the People to do Homage and pay Contributions to the Grand Seignior and for default thereof they burnt many Villages and committed other acts of Hostility The Malecontents at the same time defeated a great part of a Croatian Regiment under the Command of Colalto By which and the Advices that the Turks were assembled in a Body of 14000 Men within the Neighbourhood of Newhawsel the Emperor fearing lest they should joyn with the Malecontents convened the chief Lords and Gentlemen of Hungary at Presburg The Emperor assembles a Diet at Presburg to which place he sent Count Siaki to tender them Conditions of an accommodation of which Prince Apafi frankly offer'd himself to be the Mediator At this Assembly some of the more moderate Men who were desirous to bring Matters to a good understanding represented unto their Companions the ruine and destruction which must necessarily ensue from a Civil War and tho' the exercise of their Religion ought to be dearer to them than their Lives and to be preferr'd before all earthly benefits yet the same Religion taught them not to rebel against their Prince or make Wars for the sake thereof whose foundation and design was peace much less could they justifie the engaging the Turk therein unless whilst they profess'd themselves Protestants they acted like Mahometans But these and many other things were spoken in vain to Men who were possess'd with a Zeal for their Religion and with an Opinion that they were Martyrs who died in defence thereof The People possess'd with Zeal to their Religion And in regard those of them who were in Hungary were not able to keep the Field they were forc'd to flie and seek refuge in Transilvania to the number of 5000. from whence they sent one Fabian to Constantinople to Sollicit for assistance from the Grand Seignior but the Affairs of the Turks not being as yet in a state for answering such demands Fabian return'd with fair words and with Orders to Prince Apafi to give protection and to assign Quarters to as many Malecontents as should seek for refuge within the Principality of Transilvania to which Country tho' the chief Heads and Leaders of that party were retired yet there were several flying Troops in Hungary which infested the Country and drove away Cattle from parts near unto the Gates of Zatmar and burnt all the Villages round which would not assent to pay the contributions they demanded of them In the mean time the Grand Master of the Teutonick Order now Vice-King of Hungary together with the Archbishop of Gran and other Chiefs of the several Estates having had divers Conferences about the Condition of that Kingdom and of the manner how they might raise a considerable Sum of Money towards maintenance of the Troops which for conservation of the Peace were sent into that Country but not being able to agree thereupon nor upon what Fund the same might be levied they went to Presburg with design to renew the Treaty with the Malecontents A Treaty renew'd at Presburg that coming to a good understanding with them a Tax or Imposition might be equally charged by the common consent and agreement of the Estates and which coming with that Authority would be paid frankly without scruple or opposition of the People To bring Matters to this happy condition the Vice-King offer'd in the Name of the Emperor to grant a General Act of Pardon unto all those who would lay down their Arms and submit to the Emperor's Authority promising that they should be restor'd to their Lands and Estates and to a free exercise of their Religion but in regard they were oblig'd to receive German Soldiers into all their Fortresses and Towns all offers seem'd grievous and of no force in respect of the oppression they must find by such unruly Guests under whom they could promise themselves no enjoyment or security and being by these proposals become more bold and desperate they appear'd before Zatmar with about 7000 Men upon whom the Governor of that place adventuring to make a Sally was beaten back with great loss Prince Apafi who had at all times underhand favour'd the cause of the Malecontents Apafi seeks a quarrel and granted them protection within his Dominions did now begin openly to seek a quarrel on his own score with the Emperor demanding the Counties of Kalo and Zatmar to be deliver'd to him with the Fortress of Tokai to which he pretended a Right by a grant from Prince Ragotski his Predecessor To which Answer was made That those Counties were of the Ancient Demesnes belonging to the Kings of Hungary and since confirm'd to the Emperor by several Treaties and particularly by the last made with the Ottoman-Port Howsoever not to irritate Prince Apafi over-much and to keep Matters from an open rupture at a time when the Emperor had many Enemies to deal with it was Order'd that these Demands should be referr'd to the Examination of Commissioners and in the mean time an Envoy was sent to the Vizier at Adrianople to complain of those exorbitant pretensions But Apafi not attending an Answer entred with a formidable Force into Hungary and having defeated General Spankau he laid Siege to Zatmar but the Season of the Year being far spent and a Valiant Resistance made they were forc'd to raise the Siege and retire About the 15th of September The Malec ntents hold a Conference together the Winter approaching the Malecontents held a Conference at Sombro a place in Transilvania to resolve in what manner to manage the next Campagne and how they might best engage the Turks in their Defence and Quarrel without which they could not hope for any great Success After which meeting they entered the County of Zipt and there set Fire to many Towns and Villages and took above 500 Prisoners About the same time the Garrison of Newhawsel both

and down yet since the Troubles are appeased they desire in vain to reassume their publick exercise of Religion and to call back their Ministers being hinder'd from the same by the Earl of Hoffkirchen Governour of this Territory who every day growing severer forbids with greater Threats the total Exercise of the Protestant Religion Nay three Months ago the Roman Catholicks did Proclaim with the Beat of Drums that no Protestant should presume to go out of the Territory of Moramoruss to any Neighbouring to perform the Duties of his Religion nor Exercise it in his private House under pain of Imprisonment and of other severe Punishments Therefore they Humbly beg That this their Grievance may be redressed and they re-established in the Privilege granted by the Article It may be added to the foregoing Grievances that one Samuel Bizkey a Protestant Minister of a place of Lower Hungary called Hedes notwithstanding the Protection granted to him by the Council of War has been Plunder'd twice of all the means of Life Clothes Books and Furniture by some Emissaries of the Archbishop of Gran and at last on the 22d of the last Month of March was taken and carried to Presburg into the Prisons of the Archbishop where he has nothing allowed him but dry Bread and dirty Water Likewise the Protestant Minister of Tottfalu in Upper Hungary has been taken by a Jesuit called Father Ravasz residing at Naghybania and carried in Fetters into the Prisons of Zatmar where he is still detain'd and most barbarously used The XXI Article of the Diet of Presburg in the year 1687 in the business of Religion the 25th and 26th Articles of the year 1681 are renew'd with the inserted Decleration ALthough they of the Helvetian Confession and of that of Ausbourg by their protesting against the 25th and 26th Articles of the late Diet of Sopron have unworthily abused the same and thereby forfeited ipso facto the benefits granted in them nevertheless since His most Sacred Majesty tending the Union and the general quiet of the Kingdom through his great Favour and Clemency has most Graciously resolved that the said Articles shall yet be in force the States have Order'd That the same shall be lookt upon as renewed and reinforced notwithstanding the opposition of the Catholick Clergy and other secular Persons and that as far as they have hitherto been infringed through Abuses introduced by the one or the other party they shall forthwith be put in Execution To these Agrievances the Emperor returned a very Gracious Answer and made several Proposals tending to a Peace And First He offer'd a General Pardon unto all even to Tekeli himself provided he would personally appear to make his Submission Secondly That every Person should be restor'd to his Lands and Goods confiscated again restor'd Thirdly That free exercise of Religion should be allowed but the manner how and the Regulation thereof should be determined at a General Diet which was judged of absolute necessity for the repose and quiet of Hungary Fourthly That all the vacant Offices Governours and Balliages of that Kingdom should be indifferently conferr'd upon Hungarian Gentlemen who were capable by their Natural parts and Abilities to Merit and Discharge such Preferments And Lastly That his Imperial Majesty would vacate the Office of Vice-King and return to the ancient constitution of a Palatine whose Election should be free according to the usage of former times The Plague which still Raged in Austria and Hungary prevented the proceedings of this Treaty which might have taken effect some time before How the Treaty was broken off and answer'd all the Demands of the Malecontents but now so much Blood had been drawn in all Parts and Corners of that unhappy Kingdom that it was past the Art of Man to stanch the Bleeding And besides Tekeli and his Malecontents were so nearly adjoyn'd and engaged in secret Leagues and Alliances with the Turk that it was almost impossible to destricate and disentangle themselves from the invitations they had made and from the Assurances and Pledges they had given to the Turks Howsoever the Emperor not to leave any means unattempted until all was become desperate dispatched Count Esterhasi into Hungary in quality of his Plenipotentiary to put those Overtures into Execution which had been fram'd and debated in the Emperor's Council But whilst these things were in agitation they received another Impediment by a discovery made of a Correspondence which several Principal Officers held with the Maleconts upon which Filek and two other Councellors and Mannagers of the Revenue of Hungary were Arrested and accused of having moved and promoted an Insurrection in divers Counties Towards the end of this year when the Armies were drawn into their Winter quarters new Treaties were set on foot The Baron de Kaunitz the Emperor's Resident at Constantinople labour'd to continue Kaunitz Treats with the Grand Seignior and renew the Truce but the Grand Vizier would not agree thereunto on any other Terms than that it might be allowable for the Grand Seignior to afford aid and assistance to the Malecontents But this was to cure a Soar with a greater Evil and what was inconsistent with Reason to make a Peace and yet to continue a War When the Emperor believed all Accomodation with the Malecontents impossible at least far distant Behold on a suddain and much unexpected the Counts Tekeli Tekeli and others offer Conditions Pestrozzi and Wessellino in despight of their Engagements to the Turks offer'd to make Terms by themselves and to abandon their People and their Cause in case they assented not thereunto The Conditions were to have all their Churches restor'd with their Goods and Estates which had been Confiscated To which the Emperor readily assenting there never appear'd at any time a greater probability and likelyhood of an Agreement than upon this overture But whereas to establish and confirm such an Accomodation it was necessary to convene a Diet which by reason of the present Contagion could not be done a Cessation of Arms was in the mean time concluded But whilst in order thereunto a Conference was held at Tokai Count Caprara unluckily march'd out of his Quarters with a considerable force towards that place Is again broken upon which the Malecontens were so Allarum'd that they Sallied out of their Winter quarters in great numbers leaving the Treaty imperfect and the Cessation of Arms broken and violated ANNO 1681. Notwithstanding the unlucky Accidents which had happen'd to hinder and disappoint the Progress of the aforesaid Treaties Yet at the beginning of this year new overtures were made to the Malecontents by the Bishop Sebestini And tho' some of the most considerable Persons of the Hungarian party refused to hearken to any Offers which the Emperor should make them yet Tekeli and others Tekeli and other chiefs send Deputies to Lintz formerly the most averse to all Accommodation did now at least in a seeming manner favour the Methods which

as well those of Budziac Bialogrod and Dobrucz as those of Crim who the last Year had joyned with the Turks under Peter Waradin came on the 10th of this Month of February and Encamped themselves in the Plains of that Town which is called the Cracovian Leopolis with intention to fix his Camp there and from thence to send out his Parties to all Places where they could Burn and Spoil make Slaves and put all to Fire and Sword and so they Ravaged every where for the space of eight Days until at length all the Countries round being alarm'd hereat I raised all the Forces that I was able and brought them together from their respective Quarters which alas was a most inconsiderable Power against so Mighty an Enemy for all that we could gather and unite did not amount to more than 3000 fighting Men. The Day following about Eight of the Clock in the Morning the Sultan Tartar drew out his Men into form of Battle and I also having my Confidence in God drew out that Handful of Men which I had with me and made a Sally out of the City to cover the Suburbs The Enemy staid not long to look on us but seeing some Polish Companies to march boldly against them they Detached a Party of Tartars to meet and engage them and to force the Outworks which were only fortified with Hedges and a kind of Wall made up with Mats and Rushes well woven together This Command was executed with such Vigour that doubtless the Place had been carried at the first Attack had not the danger wherein they were of losing their Lives and Estates and all they had made them desperate and forced them to make all the resistance that they were able and in effect they fought like Lyons receiving the Enemy so bravely that in a short time all the Fields were covered with the Dead Bodies of the Slain The Tartars made Thirteen Attacks to try their Fortune and were as often repulsed by the Christians without any great loss on their side This Fight continued four Hours until at length the Enemy observing that all their Assaults prevailed little but were very Bloody and of great loss they resolved That at the same time when they engaged us in the Front with one Party they should break in upon the Hedge with another and whatever loss or Blood it should cost to carry it by main force as it immediately proved for the Enemy having by this means got between us and the City The Tartars beaten we remained without any hopes imaginable of relief howsoever with a Courage full of resolution to overcome or die like Brave Men turning our Faces upon them to whom we had but newly turned our Backs we did not only overcome them but cut a great Number of them in pieces and after another Engagement which lasted about two Hours more drove them out of the Suburbs of the City tho' in the time of this Fight the Tartars having set Fire thereunto the Wind and Smoak and Dust did so incommode our People that they were in a manner Blinded and knew not which course to take howsoever their Invincible Courage was such as that the Enemy was put to Flight This Fight continued until Three a Clock in the Afternoon by which time they had been so beaten that they were forced to withdraw before the Evening about a League and a half from the City The Tartars withdraw and the next Day proceeded on their March and the third Day passed the Neister on their way homewards The Number of the Slain on the Christian side did not exceed above 100 and about 160 Wounded what the Enemy lost is not to be known But such Matters as these at so far a distance and between Tartars and Poles did not much affect or trouble the Ottoman Court but such as were nearer hand as Naval Fights and the Taking and Recovering of the Island of Scio being near the Royal Cities made great noise both in Europe and Asia and raised the hopes of the People to great and high Expectations of the future Fortune of this New Sultan as if he had been born to be Restorer of the decaying Condition of the Ottoman Empire We have related already the ill Success which the Venetians had had in two several Fights at Sea against the Turks Scio regained by the Turks which being unusual and of many Years not known made it matter of Wonder to all the World For after the Turks had beaten the Venetian Fleet all things were put into great Consternation at Scio so that the Venetian Commanders most shamefully abandoned the Place stealing away in the Night without giving time for some of their Troops which were abroad to guard the Island to Embark with them which gave cause to some of their Officers who thereby became Slaves to the Turks to vent out Thousands of Imprecations and Curses upon them and indeed their Case was sad but Necessity had no Law for the Venetians had now been beaten twice at Sea by the Turks who had they followed their Blow might have utterly destroyed the Venetian Fleet but the Turks being contented with this unusual Success a thing not known to them for more than a hundred Years past were contented with the Flight of the Enemy and therewith a Cession to them of the whole Island and the Turks entered triumphant thereupon without any Opposition The first Act of the Turkish Clemency was to Hang up four Men of the Latine Rite who were of the Romish Church and of the Italian Race namely Signior Pietro Giustiniani di Antonio Signior Domenico Stella who were Deputies ordained to protect that Religion Signior Francesco Draco and Giovanni Castelli di Brecci Signior Sofiati who was Vice-Consul for the English Nation in that Island fled with his Family and was well received at Tino Domenico Castelli Son of Vincenzo Castelli escaped also with whom I was well acquainted together with forty of the chief Families of the Latine Rite leaving their Possessions and Moveables behind them Antonio Rendi happened to be then at Smyrna but his Family deferring their Departure his House was Plundered and all his Estate ruined like that of his Neighbours for tho' they fled to Smyrna for refuge by this Revolution the Greeks gained a clear Victory and Ascendant over the Latines For whereas formerly there were great Animosities between those two Rites the Latines by reason of their Riches having the Pope on their side were always esteemed the Superiors and by the great Collections made for them and Legacies bequeathed they gained much more of the Hearts and Favour of the Turks than the Poverty of the Greeks was able to purchase but now a fair Opportunity happening of gaining and Confiscating all that appertained to the Latines they seized on all that belonged to them treating the Greeks more favourably The Greeks in Scio favoured by the Turks because they believed them to be the less culpable having the