Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	aaron_n	frog_n	stretch_v	121	3	12.0770	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A42668	The history of four-footed beasts and serpents describing at large their true and lively figure, their several names, conditions, kinds, virtues ... countries of their breed, their love and hatred to mankind, and the wonderful work by Edward Topsell ; whereunto is now added, The theater of insects, or, Lesser living creatures ... by T. Muffet ...; Historie of foure-footed beasts	Topsell, Edward, 1572-1625?; Topsell, Edward, 1572-1625? Historie of serpents.; Gesner, Konrad, 1516-1565. Historia animalium Liber 1. English.; Gesner, Konrad, 1516-1565. Historia animalium Liber 5. English.; Moffett, Thomas, 1553-1604. Insectorum sive minimorum animalium theatrum. English.; Rowland, John, M.D.	1658 (1658)	Wing G624; ESTC R6249	1,956,367	1,026

hand is the making or efficient cause and for the worthinesse of that divine story how God maketh and taketh away Frogs I will expresse it as it is left by the holy Ghost in ch 8. Exod. ver 5. Also the Lord said unto Moses say thou unto Aaron stretch thou out thy band with thy rod upon the streams upon the rivers and upon the ponds and cause Frogs to come upon the land of Egypt Ver. 6. Then Aaron stretched out his hand upon the waters of Egypt and the Frogs came up and covered the land of Egypt Vers 7. And the Sorcerers did likewise with their Sorceries and brought Frogs upon the land of Egypt Vers 8. Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron and said Pray ye unto the Lord that he may take away the Frogs from me and from my people and I will let the people go that they may do sacrifice to the Lord. Vers 9. And Moses said unto Pharaoh concerning me Command when I shall pray for thee and thy servants and thy people to destroy the Frogs from thee and from thy houses that they may remain in the River only Vers 10. Then he said to morrow and he answered Be it as thou hast said that thou mayst know that there is none like the Lord our God Vers 11. So the Frogs shall depart from thee and from thy houses and from thy people and from thy servants only they shall remain in the River Ver. 12. Then Moses and Aaron went out from Pharaoh and Moses cryed unto the Lord concerning the Frogs which he had sent unto Pharaoh Vers 13. And the Lord did according to the saying of Moses so the Frogs dyed in the houses and in the Towns and in the fields Vers 14. And they gathered them together by heaps and the land stank of them c. And this was the second plague of Egypt wherein the Lord turned all the Fishes into Frogs as the Book of Wisdom saith and the Frogs ahounded in the Kings chamber and notwithstanding this great judgement of God for the present Pharaoh would not let the people go and afterwards that blinde superstitious Nation became worshippers of Frogs as Philastrius writeth thinking by this devotion or rather wickednesse in this observant manner to pacifie the wrath of God choosing their own ways before the word of Almighty God But vain is that worship which is invented without heavenly warrant and better it is to be obedient to the will of God then go about to please him with the cogitations of men although in their pretended holinesse we spend much time wealth and bloud There was one Cypselus the father of Periander who by his mother was hid in a Chest called Kypsele to be preserved from the hands of certain murtherers which were sent to kill him Wherefore afterwards the said Cypselus consecrated a house at Delphos to Apollo because he heard his crying when he was hid in a chest and preserved him In the bottom of that house was the trunk of a Palm-tree and certain Frogs pictured running out of the same but what was meant thereby is not certainly known for neither Plutarch which writeth the story nor Chersias which relateth it giveth any signification thereof but in another place where he enquireth the reason why the Oracle of Pythias gave no answer he conjectured because it was that the accursed thing brought out of the Temple of Apollo from Delphos into the Corinthian house had ingraven underneath the Brazen Palm Snakes and Frogs or else for the signification of the Sun rising The meat of Frogs thus brought forth are green herbs and Humble-bees or Shorn-bugs which they devour or catch when they come to the water to drink sometime also they are said to eat earth but as well Frogs as Toads do eat the dead Mole for the Mole devoureth them being alive In the moneth of August they never open their mouths either to take in meat or drink or to utter any voyce and their chaps are so fast joyned or closed together that you can hardly open them with your finger or with a stick The young ones of this kinde are killed by casting Long-wort or the leaves of Sea-lettice as Aelianus and Suidas write and thus much for the description of their parts generation and sustentation of these common Frogs The wisdom or disposition of the Aegyptian Frogs is much commended for they save themselves from their enemies with singular dexterity If they fall at any time upon a Water-snake which they know is their mortal enemy they take in their mouths a round Reed which with an invincible strength they hold fast never letting go although the Snake have gotten her into her mouth for by this means the Snake cannot swallow her and so she is preserved alive There is a pretty fable of a great Bull which came to the water to quench his thirst and whilest the Beast came running greedily into the water he trod in pieces two or three young Frogs then one of them which escaped with life went and told his mother the miserable misfortune and chance of his fellows she asked who it was that had so killed her young ones to whom he answered It was a great one but how great he could not tell the foolish Mother-frog desirous to have seen some body in the eyes of her son began to swell with holding in of her breath and then asked the young one if the Beast were as big as she And he answered much greater at which words she began to swel more and asked him again if the Beast were so big To whom the young one answered Mother leave your swelling for though you break your self you will never be so big as he and I think from this fable came the Proverb Rana Gyrina sapientior wiser then the young Frog This is excellently described by Horace in his third Satyre as followeth Absentis ranae pullis vituli pede pressis Vnus ubi effugit matri denarrat ut ingens Bellua cognates eliserit illa rogare Quantánt Num tandem se inflans sic magna fuisset Major dimidio Num tanto Cum magis atque Se magis inflaret non si te ruperis inquit Par eris haec à te non multum abludit imago Which may be Englished thus In old Frogs absence the young were prest to death By feet of a great Calf drinking in the water To tell the dam one ran that scap't with life and breath How a great heast her young to death did scatter How great said she so big and then did swell Greater by half said he then she swoll more and said Thus big but he cease swelling dam for I thee tell Though break thy self like him thou never canst be made There is another pretty fable in Esop tasking discontented persons under the name of Frogs according to the old verse Et veterem in limo ranae cacinere querelam Nam neque sicca placet nec quae stagnata

his wit to rail at Christian Religion even as he lacerated and rent his first profession so was he rent in pieces by Dogs and Heraclitus the Philosopher of Athens having been long sick and under the hands of Physitians he oftentimes anointed his body with Bugils sewet and on a day having so anointed himself lying abroad sleeping in the Sun the Dogs came and for the desire of the fat tore his body in pieces I cannot here forget that memorable story of two Christian Martyrs Gorgonius and Dorotheus which were put to death under Diocletian in the ninth persecution and when they were dead their carkases were cast unto hungry Dogs of this kinde kept for such purposes yet would not the Dogs once so much as stir at them or come neer to touch them and because we may judge that the ravening nature of these creatures was restrained by divine power We also read that when Benignus the Martyr by the commandment of Aurelian was also thrown alive to be devoured of these Dogs he escaped as free from their teeth as once Daniel did from the Lyons den I may also adde unto these the Dogs of Alania and Illyria called Mastini who have their upper lips hang over their neather and look fierce like Lyons whom they resemble in neck eyes face colour and nails falling upon Bears and Boars like that which Anthologius speaketh of that leaped into the Sea after a Dolphin and so perished or that called Lydia slain by a Boar whose Epitaph Martial made as followeth Amphitheatrales inter nutrita magistros Venatrix silvis aspera blanda domi Lydia dicebar domino fidissima dextro Qui non Erigones mallet habere Canem Nec qui Dictaea Cephalum de gente secutus Lucifer● pariter venit ad astra deae Non me longa dies nec inutilis abstulit aetas Qualia Dulychio fata fuere cani Fulmineo spumantis apri sum dente perempta Quantus erat Calydon aut Erymanthe tuus Nec queror infernas quamvis cito rapta per ●mbras Non potui fato nobiliore mori There be in France certain great Dogs called Auges which are brought out of Great Britain to kill their Bears Wolves and wilde Boars these are singularly swift and strong and their leaders the better to arm them against the teeth of other Beasts cover some of their parts with thick clouts and their necks with broad collars or else made of Badgers skins In Gallia Narbon they call them Limier and the Polonians call all made Dogs for the Wolf and such like Beasts Vislu and peculiarly for the Bear and Bore Charzii for Hares and Fowl Pobicdnizcii and Dogs of a middle scantling betwixt the first and the second Psii Gray-hounds are the least of these kindes and yet as swift and fierce as any of the residue refusing no kinde of Beast if he be turned up thereunto except the Porcupine who casteth her sharp pens into the mouth of all Dogs The best Gray-hound hath a long body strong and reasonable great a neat sharp head and splendent eyes a long mouth and sharp teeth little ears and thin gristles in them a straight neck and a broad and strong breast his fore-legs straight and short his hinder-legs long and straight broad shoulders round ribs fleshy buttocks but not fat a long tail strong and full of sinews which Nemesian describeth elegantly in these verses Sit cruribus altis Costarum sub fine decenter prona carinam Renibus ampla satis validis diductaque coras Sit rigidis multamque gerat sub pectore lato Quae sensim rursus sicca se colligat alvo Cuique nimis inblles fluitent in cursibus aures Elige tunc cursu facilem facilemque recursu Dum superant vires dum laeto flore juventus Of this kinde that is a way the best to be chosen among the whelps which weigheth lightest for it will be soonest at the game and so hang upon the greater beasts hindering their swiftness untill the stronger and heavier Dogs come to help and therefore besides the marks or necessary good parts in a Gray-hound already spoken of it is requisite that he have large sides and a broad midriffe or film about his heart that so he may take his breath in and out more easily a small belly for if it be great it will hinder his speedy course likewise that he have long legs thin and soft hairs and these must the Hunter lead on the left hand if he be a foot and on the rig●● hand if he be on Horseback The best time to try them and train them to their game is at twelve months old howbeit some hunt them at ten months if they be males and at eight months if they 〈◊〉 female yet is it surest not to strain them or permit them to run any long course till they be twenty months old according to the old verse Libera t●●c primum consuescant colla ligari Iam cum bis denos Phoebe reparaverit ortus Sed parvos vallis spatio septove novelli Nec cursus virtute parem c. Keep them also in the leam or slip while they are abroad untill they see their course I mean the Hare or Deer and loosen not a young Dog till the game have been on foot a good season lest if he be greedy of the prey he strain his limbs till they break When the Hare is taken divide some part thereof among your Dogs that so they may be provoked to speed by the sweetness of the flesh The Lacedemon Gray-hound was the best breed they were first bred of a Fox and a Dog and therefore they were called Alopecides these admit copulation in the eight moneth of their age and sometime in the sixt and so continue bearing as long as they live bearing their burthen the sixth part of a year that is about sixty days one or two more or less and they better conceive and are more apt to procreation while they are kept in labour then when they lie idle without hunting And these Lacedemon Dogs differ in one thing from all other Dogs whatsoever for whereas the male out-liveth in vulgar Dogs of all Countries the female in these the female out-liveth the male yet the male performeth his labour with more alacrity although the female have the sharper sense of smelling The noblest kinde of Dog 〈…〉 or the H 〈…〉 eep ●ome unless they be led abroad and seldom bark they are the best which 〈…〉 for which cause they use this artificial invention to stretch their necks they dig a deep hole in the earth wherein they set the Gray-hounds meat who being hungry thrusteth down his head to take it but 〈…〉 ng it to be pa●● his reach stretcheth his neck above the measure o● nature by custom whereof 〈◊〉 neck is very ●uch lengthened Other place the Gray-hound in a ditch and his meat above him and so he reacheth upward which is more

so strange proportion But this unkinde and ravening Beast despising their amity society and fellowship maketh but a bait of his golden outside and colour to draw unto him his convenient prey and beguile the innocent fishes for he snatcheth at the nearest and devoureth them tarrying no longer in the water then his belly is filled and yet these simple foolish fishes seeing their fellows devoured before their faces have not the power or wit to avoid this devourers society but still accompany him and weary him out of the waters till he can eat no more never hating him or leaving him but as men which delight to be hanged in silken halters or stabbed with silver and golden bodkins so do the fishes by this golden-coloured-devouring-monster But such impious cruelty is not left unrevenged in nature for as she gathereth the fishes together to destroy them so the Fishermen watching that concourse do entrap both it and them rendering the same measure to the ravener that it had done to his innocent companions And thus much shall suffice for the Subus or Water-sheep Of the SWINE in general The Grecians do also use Sus or Zus Choiros and Suagros The wilde Hog is called Kapron from hence I conjecture is derived the Latine word Apex the Italians do vulgarly call it Porco and the Florentines peculiarly Ciacco and also the Italians call a Sow with Pig Scrofa and Troiata or Porco fattrice The reason why that they call a Sow that is great with Pig Trojata or Trojaria is for the similitude with the Trojan Horse because as that in the belly thereof did include many armed men so doth a Sow in her belly many young Pigs which afterward come to the table and dishes of men A Barrow hog is called M●jalis in Latine and the Italians Porco castrato and Lo Majale The French call a Swine Porceau a Sow Tr●ye Coche a Bore Verrat a Pig Cochon Porcelet and about Lyons Ca 〈…〉 The barrow Hog they call Por-chastre The Spaniards call Swine Puerco the Germans Saw or Suw Su chwin Schw●in a Sow they call M●r and Looss a Bore Aeber which seemeth to be derived from Aper a Barrow Hog Barg a splayed Sow Gultz a Pig Faerle and Scuwle and a sucking Pig S●anfoerle In little Brittain they call a Hog Houch and thereof they call a Dolphin Merhouch The Illyrians call Swine Swinye and Prase the Latines Sus Porcus and Porcelius and Scrofa and these are the common and most vulgar tearms of Swines If there be any other they are either devised or new made or else derived from some of these Concerning the Latine word Sus Isidorus deriveth it from Sub because these Beasts tread under-foot grass and grain and indeed for this cause the Egyptians kept their Swine in the hills all the year long till their seed time for when their corn was sowen they drove them over their new plowed lands to tread in the grain that the Fowls and Birds might not root it or scrape it forth again and for this cause also they spared Swine from Sacrificing But in mine opinion it is better derived from Hus the Greek word For the Latine Porcus is thought to be f 〈…〉 from Porrectus because his snowt is alway stretched forth and so he feedeth digging with it in the earth and turning up the root of trees but I better approve the notation of Isidorus Por●us quasi spurcus quia ●oeno limo sevolutat That is because it rowleth and walloweth in the mire Porc●tra or Porceta for a Sow that hath had but one farrow and Sc 〈…〉 ppa for a Sow that hath had many The Grecians Hus is derived from Thuein which signifieth to kill in sacrifice for great was the use of sacrificing this beast among the Paynims as we shall shew afterward The ancient Grecians did also tearm Swine Sika and when the Swine-herds did call the Beasts to their meats they cryed Sig Sig as in our Countrey their feeders cry Tig Tig Ch 〈…〉 ros of their feeding and nursing their young ones And indeed from Swine we finde that many men have also received names as cipio Suarius and Tremellius Scrosa whereupon lyeth this history as he writeth when Licinus Nerva was 〈…〉 tor his great Uncle was left Questor in his absence for Macedonia untill the Praetor returned The enemies thinking that now they had gotten opportunity and advantage against their besiegers or assaylants caused an onset to be made and a fight to be offered then his Uncle exhorting the Roman Souldiers to arms told them Seceleriter hostes diljecturum ut Scrofa porcellas That he would as easily cast them off and scatter them as a Sow doth her Pigs sucking her belly which he performed accordingly and so obtained a great victory for which Nerva was made Emperor and he was always evermore afterward called Scrofa Macrobius telleth the occasion of the name of the family of Scrofa somewhat otherwise yet pertaining to this discourse Tremellius saith he was with his family and children dwelling in a certain Village and his servants seeing a stray Sow come among them the owner whereof they did not know presently they slew her and brought her home The neighbour that did owe the Sow called for witnesses of the fact or theft and came with them to Tremellius demanding his Scrofa or Sow again Tremellius having understood by one of his servants the deed laid it up in his Wives bed and covering it over with the clothes caused her to lie upon the Sows carkase and therefore told his neighbour he should come in and take the Scrofa and so had brought him where his wife lay and swore he had no other Sow of his but that shewing him the bed and so the poor man was deceived by a dissembling oath for which cause he saith the name of Scrofa was given to that family There was one Pope Sergius whose christen and first name was Os porci Hogs face and therefore he being elected Pope changed his name into Sergius which custom of alteration of names as that was the beginning so it hath continued ever since that time among all his successors Likewise we read of Porcellus a Grammarian of Porcellius a Poet of Naples who made a Chronicle of the affairs of Frederick Duke of Vrbine Porcius Suillus Verres the Praetor of Sicilia Syadra Sybotas Hyas Hyagnis Gryllus Porcilla and many such other give sufficient testimony of the original of their names to be drawn from Swine and not only men but people and places as Hyatae Suales Chorreatae three names of the Dori in Greece Hyia a City of Locris Hyamena a City of Mesene Hyamajon a City of Troy Hyampolis a City of Phocis whereby to all posterity it appeareth that they were Swineherds at the beginning Exul Hyantaenos invenit regna per agros Hyape Hyops a City in Iberia Hysia a City of Boeotia and Pliny calleth the tall people of Ethiop which were eight cubits