Squerrels Wilde-Cats whose skins are of great price and Muske-Rats which yeelde Muske as the Muske-Cats doe There be two kindes of Beasts amongst these most strange one of them is the female Possowne which will let forth her yong out of her belly and take them vp into her belly againe at her pleasure without hurt to her selfe neither thinke this to be a Trauellers tale but the very truth for nature hath framed her fit for that seruice my eyes haue beene witnesse vnto it and we haue sent of them and their yong ones into England The other strange conditioned creature is the flying Squirrell which thorough the helpe of certaine broad flaps of skin growing on each side of her forelegs will flye from tree to tree twenty or thirty paces at one flight and more if she haue the benefit of a small breath of winde Besides these since our comming hither we haue brought both Kine Goates and Hogges which prosper well and would multiply exceedingly if they might be prouided for This Countrey besides is replenished with Birds of all sorts which haue bin the best sustenance of flesh which our men haue had since they came also Eagels and Haukes of all sorts amongst whom are Auspreys fishing Hauke and the Cormorant The woods be euery where full of wilde Turkies which abound and will runne as swift as a Greyhound In winter our fields be full of Cranes Herons Pigeons Partridges and Blackbirds the Riuers and creekes be ouer-spread euery where with water foule of the greatest and least sort as Swans flockes of Geese and Brants Ducke and Mallard Sheldrakes Dyuers c. besides many other kindes of rare and delectable Birds whose names and natures I cannot yet recite but we want the meanes to take them The Riuers abound with Fish both small and great the Sea-fish come into our Riuers in March continue vntill the end of September great sculls of Herings come in first Shads of a great bignesse and Rock-fish follow them Trouts Base Flounders and other dainty fish come in before the other be gone then come multitudes of great Sturgeons whereof we catch many and should do more but that we want good Nets answerable to the breadth and deapth of our Riuers besides our channels are so foule in the bottome with great logges and trees that we often breake our Nets vpon them I cannot reckon nor giue proper names to the diuers kindes of fresh fish in our Riuers I haue caught with mine Angle Pike Karpe Eele Perches of six seuerall kindes Crea-fish and the Torope or little Turtle besides many smaller kindes c. CHAP. XII Of the Lottery Sir THOMAS DALES returne the Spaniards in Virginia Of POCAHVNTAS and TOMOCOMO Captaine YERDLEY and Captaine ARGOLL both since Knighted their Gouernment the Lord LA-WARRS death and other occurrents till Anno 1619. HItherto you haue heard the Authors themselues speak of their owne affaires Now we must for continuation and consummation of our Story borrow a few Collections from others where the Authors themselues haue not comne to our hands Wherein that industrious Gentleman Captaine Iohn Smith still breathing Virginia and diligent enquiry and writing as sometime by discouery and doing to shew his zeale to this action for seeing he cannot there be employed to performe Virginian exploits worthy the writing here he employeth himselfe to write Virginian affaires worthy the reading hauing compiled a long History of that and the Summer Iland plantation and of New England in six Bookes hath gently communicated the same to mine that is to thine as intended to the Worlds vse Out of his rich fields I haue gleaned these handfuls adding thereto the crop also of mine owne industry Sir Thomas Gates returned from Virginia in March and Captaine Argall in Iune following 1614. and so animated by their hopefull reports the Aduenturers that the great standing Lottery was drawne Anno 1615. in the West end of Pauls Churchyard where before as in many other places after a running Lottery of smaller aduentures had beene vsed in which the Prizes were proportioned from two crownes which was the least to diuers thousands arising in ordinary assents and degrees casually accruing as the lot fell and paid in money or in Plate there set forth to view prouided that if any chose money rather then Plate or goods for paiment in summes aboue ten crownes he was to abate the tenth part The orders of this Lottery were published and courses taken to preuent frauds Whiles Sir Thomas Dale was in Virginia it chanced that a Spanish Ship beate vp and downe before Point Comfort and sent ashoare for a Pilot. Captaine Iames Dauies sent them one with whom they presently sailed away leauing three of their company behinde These vpon examination confessed that hauing lost their Admirall accident had forced them into those parts two of them said they were Captaines of chiefe command in the Fleete They receiued good vsage there till one of them was found to be an Englishman which in the great Fleete 1588. had bin a Pilot to the Spaniards and now exercised his wonted trechery hauing induced some malecontents to runne away with a small Barke This darknesse being brought to light some of them were executed and he expecting no better confessed that two or three Spanish Ships were at Sea on purpose to discouer the state of the Colony but their Commission was not to be opened till they arriued in the Bay so that he knew no further One of the Spaniards died the other was sent for England and this fellow was now repriued but as became such a Pilot was hanged at Sea in Sir Thomas Dâ—les returne The English Pilot which they had carried away to Spaine after long imprisonment by much suite recouered his liberty and Country Sir Thomas Dale hauing thus established things as you haue heard returned thence appointing Captaine George Yardly his deputy Gouernour in his absence and arriued at Plimmouth in May or Iune 4. 1616. to aduance the good of the Plantation Master Rolfe also with Rebecca his new conuert and consort and Vttamatamakin commonly called Tomocomo one of Pohatans Counsellours came ouer at the same time With this Sauage I haue often conuersed at my good friends Master Doctor Goldstone where he was a frequent guest and where I haue both seen him sing and dance his diabolicall measures and heard him discourse of his Countrey and Religion Sir Tho. Dales man being the Interpretour as I haue elsewhere shewed Master Rolfe lent mee a discourse which he had written of the estate of Virginia at that time out of which I collected those things which I haue in my Pilgrimage deliuered And his wife did not onely accustome her selfe to ciuilitie but still carried her selfe as the Daughter of a King and was accordingly respected not onely by the Company which allowed prouision for her selfe and her sonne but of diuers particular persons of Honor in their hopefull
Frost and Snow Sepulchre opened Two houses Houshold stuffe Third discouerie Extreme cold Gramâ—us Bay Thâ—y found Grampuses dead two inches thicke of fat and fiue or six paces long A good Harbour Two great Wolues Thunder Conference with Sauages Patuxet People all dead of a plague Masasoyts Nausites Hunts wickednesse Sâ—uâ—geâ— dâ—sâ—ribed The agreements of peace betweene vs and Massasoyt A iourney to Packanokik the Habitation of the Great King Massasoyâ— 1621. Great plague Royall entertainment Games Hungrie fare A Voyage made by ten of our men oâ—the Kingdome of Nauset to seek a Boy that had lost himselfe in the Woods with such accidents as besell vs in that Voyage The Boy is restored Snakes skin defiance Towne impaled Tisquantum trechâ—â—y Plagy 〈◊〉 Master Westons planters which plâ—id the wâ—sps with English and Sauages Two Ships Helpe f 〈…〉 Master Iones A Plague Note Honest Sauages Namasket Manomet Sauages great gamsters Iust iealousie Base Summer and Winter Dutch Ship Visitations of the sicke Reports of Massassowats death His commendation Miserable comforters He reuealeth the trechery of the Massachusets Their name of God Indians into lence Sauages slain Sauage Englishmen An. 1623. Great drought Publike Fast. Gracious dewes Indians coniuration M. Tomson a Scot his Plantation Day of thanks Two Ships Their Religion The meaning of the word â—â—eâ—tan I think hath reference â—o Antiquity for Chise is an old man and Kiâ—hchise a man that exceedeâ—h in agâ— Iâ—e maledicti Their Deuill Powah or Priest Offerings Sacrifices Burnt offring The Deuill keeps his seruants poore Their Knights Pnieses valourous counsellours Bitter trialls Sachim or Lords Tribu 〈…〉 Mourning foâ— the dead Burialls Womens slauery Manhood Names Maids wiues Adulterie and whooredome Theft Murther Crying a cowards note Apparell Wittie people Their Arts. Note Language Registers The Country New England an Iland Seasons Dayes Soyle Corne * For the Description incouragements to this designe and for better knowledge of New Scotland besides a Book purposely published by the Honourable learned Author who at other weapons hath plaied his Muses prizes and giuen the world ample testimony of his learning you may read our 8. Booke from the sixt Chapter forwards the last two Chapiters of the ninth Booke that description of the Countrey of Mawâ—oshen which I haue added hereto An. 1623. Lukes Bay Fit place for a Plantation Port Iolly Port Negro This description of Mawooshen I had amongst M. Hakluyts papers Climate and quantitie Tarantines are said to be the same with the Souriquois 1. Quibequesson Riuer Asticon Sagamo A great Lake 2. Pâ—maquid riuer A great Lake Anadabis Three townes Bashabes Caiocame 3. Ramassoc Panobscâ—t a Towne 4. Apanawapeske 5. Apanmensek A Lâ—ke Another Lake All the Lakes full of Fish Beeues and sweet Rats 6. Aponeg 7. Aponeg 8. Sagadahoc Here C. Popham builâ— S. Georges Fort and planted Great Sound Tâ—o Lakes A great Iland Kenebeke 9. Ashamabaga 10. Shawakâ—toc A Lake foure dayes iourney long 2 broad Voyage in eight daies Fishermens kinde assistances State of the weather in Autumne and Winter I haue by me a written iournall declaring the winde and weather of euery day from 24. Nouember 1610. till the last of Aprill 1611. but thought it would seeme ted ous the substance thereof being here contained Moderate Frosta Spring Healthfulnes Homicide dieth for thought Imployment of the Colony English Corne Fowle and Cattle prosper there Medow Deere Copper kettle Their houses described Their Oares Sauages Their fashions Their Canoas The situation of the Country The temperature of the Ayre The Inhabitanes with their nature and customes The conueniency of the Bayes in that Countrie Commodious Ilands worthy Harbours Trinitie Harbor affording diuers good commodities Sauages liuing neer to Trinitie Harbour The bottoms of diuers Baies meeting neere together The Harbour of Trepassey lying commodiously The fertiltie of the soyle Seuerall sorts of Fruits there growing Herbs Flowers both pleasant and medicinable Corn growing there yeelding good increase Store of Deere other Beasts A rare example of the gentle nature of the Beasts of that Country M Guies Mastâ—â—e Greyhound vsed a Wolfe there more doggedly one pulling out the throat the other the belly Great store of Land Fowle Water Fowle Penguins Fresh water and Springs Many sorts of Timber there growing Good hope of Mines and making of Iron and Pitch Fish in great abundance Cod-fishing a great hope of benefit therefrom The benefit arising to France Spaine and Italy from fishing vpon those coasts 250. saile of Shipslying vpon that coast Anno 1615. What the valew of the Fish con tained in most Ships did amount vnto The relief that the trading there will afford to seuerall sorts of people * After this the author vseth reasons to perswade to a Plantation there which I haue omitted as busied in history The Book is common to such as desire to reade it I haue also omit ted his Admiralty commission and proceedings Commoditieâ— vsed by the Natiues This was the last Letter sent into England the yeere before 1621. They were but twelue men all the last Winter vnti 〈…〉 the new supply came in the Spring following Temperate Winter Bristow Plantation Salt made there Abuses of Fishermen The Fiâ—â—ts sâ—â— forth by queen Elizabeth Sup. pag. 108◠〈◊〉 Aâ—â—â— 17. 6. Her persecution from the Papacie from the wombe In queen Maries daies French wrongs Q. Elizabeths prosperitie See of Gods mercies in this other kinds the B. of Chichister his Religious Tractate of Thanksgiuing See also Camdens Elizabetha and others Anuales of her Reigne Arthur Poole of the house of George Duke of Clarence Ann. 1569. Pius his impious Bull. Irish action Don Iohn base son of Charles Emperour 1576. A. 1572. Greg. 13. confirmeth the sentence against Q. Elis-Stuklys trea on A. 1578. 1579. 1580. Sanders Author of the booke De visiâ— Monarch of the forged tale De schismate Anglicano in which he abuseth the queens Mother with grosse lies neuer before een or dreams of by the sharpest and spitefullesâ— eyes which Malice could entertain euen then when she was most malicious most serpent sighted * 15â—3 * 1584. Mendoza Throckmorton Creighton papers Assoâ—iation Pâ—â—ries treason Allens booke Earle of Northumberland Burks Ilandeys â—â—i s in Ireland Babington c. French Embassadâ—urs plot with Moody Lopez Luke 8. 29. Rome Citie of murthers haters of kings * Plin. l. 7. c. 25. * See to 1. l. 8. 〈◊〉 1. 〈◊〉 3. 4. 6. l. 2. c. 1 to 2. l. 8. c. 4. c. Present Rome greater manstaier Saintslaier then the Ethnike Priests agents in euery treason The Pope Master Workman Allen or Alan was by Spanish procurement made Cardinall for this purpose and to this purpose had written a violent booke which heartned Parry to vndertake to kil the Queen He and Bristow Martin were Authors of the Rhemish Translation and Notes of the N. T. Papall pretended causes of depriuing the Queene Fugitiues impotent Zeale
of London THe Riuer of the Amazons lieth in the highest part of the West Indies beyond the Equinoctial Line to fall with this Riuer fortie leagues from Land you shal haue 8. 6. 7. fathomes water you shal see the Sea change to a ruddie colour the water shall grow fresh by these signes you may run boldly in your course and comming neere the Riuers mouth the depth of your water shal increase then you shal make Discouerie of the Trees before the Land by reason the Land is very low and not higher in one place then another three foote being at a Spring tide almost all ouerflowne God knowes how many hundred leagues It flowes much water there with a verie forcible tide In this Riuer I continued tenne weekes seeing the fashion of the people and Countrie there This Countrie is altogether full of Woods with all sorts of wilde Beasts as Lions Beares Woolues Leopards Baboones strange Boores Apes Monkeies Martins Sanguines Marmosets with diuers other strange beasts also these Woods are full of Wild-fowle of all sorts and Parrats more plentifull then Pidgeons in England and as good meate for I haue often eaten of them Also this Countrey is very full of Riuers hauing a King ouer euerie Riuer In this place is continuall Tempests as Lightning Thunder and Raine and so extreame that it continues most commonly sixteene or eighteene houres in foure and twentie There are many standing waters in this Countrie which bee full of Aligators Guianes with many other seuerall water Serpents and great store of fresh fish of strange fashions This Countrie is full of Muskitas which is a small Flie which much offends a Stranger comming newly into the Countrie The manner fashion and nature of the people is this They are altogether naked both men and women hauing not so much as one threed about them to couer any part of their nakednesse the man taketh a round Cane as bigge as a pennie Candle and two inches in length through the which hee puls the fore-skinne of his yard tying the skinne with a piece of the rinde of a Tree about the bignesse of a small pack-threed then making of it fast about his middle hee continueth thus till hee haue occasion to vse him In each Eare hee weareth a Reede or Cane which hee bores through it about the bignesse of a Swannes Quill and in length halfe an inch and the like through the midst of the lower lippe also at the bridge of the Nose hee hangs in a Reede a small glâ—sse Beade or Button which hanging directly afore his Mouth flies too and fro still as hee speakes wherein hee takes great pride and pleasure Hee weares his Haire long being rounded below to the neather part of his Eare and cut short or rather as I iudged pluckt bald on the câ—owne like a â—rier But their women vse no fashion at all to set forth themselues but starke naked as they were borne with haire long of their Heads also their Breasts hang verie low by reason they are neuer laced or braced vp they doe vse to anoint their Bodies both Men and Women with a kind of redde Earth because the Muskitas or Flies shall not offend them These people are verie ingenious craftie and treacherous verie light of foot and good Bowemen whose like I haue neuer seene for they doe ordinarily kill their owne food as Beasts Fowle and Fish the manner of their Bow and Arrowes is this The Bow is about two yards in length the Arrow seuen foote His Bow is made of Brasill-wood verie curious his string of the rinde of a Tree lying close to the Boâ— without any bent his Arrow made of Reede and the head of it is a fish bone 〈◊〉 a Beast in this manner standing behinde a Tree hee takes his marke at the Beast and wo 〈…〉 〈◊〉 he followes him like a Bloud-hound till he fall oftentimes seconding his shoot then for any Fowle be he neuer so little he neuer misses him as for the first hee walkes by the water side and when hee hath spied a fish in the water hee presently strikes him with his Arrow and suddenly throwing downe his Bow hee leapes into the water swimming to his Arrow which hee drawes aland with the fish fastened to it then hauing each kild his owne food as well flesh and fowle as fish they meete together to the number of fiftie or sixtie in a company then make a fire after this fashion They take two stickes of Wood rubbing one hard against another till such time as they bee fired then making of a great fire euery man is his owne Cooke to broile that which he hath gotten and thus they feed without Bread or Salt or any kind of drinke but Water and Tobacco neither doe they know what it meanes In these Countries we could find neither Gold nor Siluer Oare but great store of Hennes For I haue bought a couple for a Iewes Harpe when they would refuse tenne shillings in money This Countrie is full of delicious fruite as Pines Plantines Guaues and Potato Rootes of which Fruits and Roots I would haue bought a mans burthen for a glasse Button or Bead. The manner of their Lodging is this they haue a kinde of Net made of the rinde of a Tree which they call Haemac being three fathome in length and two in breadth and gathered at both ends at length then fastning either end to a Tree to the full length about a yard and halfe from the ground when hee hath desire to sleepe hee creepes vnto it The King of euerie Riuer is knowne by this manner He weares vpon his head a Crowne of Parrats feathers of seuerall colours hauing either about his middle or about his Necke a Chaine of Lions teeth or clawes or of some other strange beast hauing a woodden Sword in his hand and hereby is he knowne to be the King Oftentimes one King warres against another in their Canowes which are Boats cut out of a whole Tree sometimes taking one another the Conquerours eates the Captiues By this time ten weekes were spent and being homewards bound but not the same way that we came for we sailed vnto the Riuer before the winde because it blowes there continually one way which forces all shippes that come thither to returne by a contrarie way The end of the sixth Booke VOYAGES TO AND ABOVT THE SOVTHERNE AMERICA WITH MANY MARINE OBSERVATIONS AND DISCOVRSES OF THOSE SEAS AND LANDS BY ENGLISHMEN AND OTHERS THE SEAVENTH BOOKE REader I here present thee the exactest Treatise of Brasil which I haue seene written by any man especially in the Historie of the multiplied and diuersified Nations and customes of men as also in the naturall Historie of Beasts Serpents Fowles Fishes Trees Plants with diuers other remarkeable rarities of those Regions It was written it seemeth by a Portugall Frier or Iesuite which had liued thirtie yeares in those parts from whom much against his will the written Booke was taken by one
might be secured from him whereupon we answered that therefore they were to beleeue in him who is mightier then Aygnan But although as hath beene said in the present danger they promised that they would doe it yet they presently returned to their owne disposition of nature Therefore although our Americans confesse not God with the mouth seeing among themselues they are conuinced that there is some diuine power therby I gather that they shal neither be excusable nor iustly take occasion to pretend Ignorance But besides those things which haue beene spoken by mee concerning the immortalitie of the Soule which they beleeue of the Thunder whereof they are horribly affraid and Deuils by whom they are tormented which three things are first of all to be noted I will moreouer adde a fourth principall matter That they haue Prophets or certaine Priests among them which they call Caraibes who going from Village to Village perswade those miserable men that they because they haue familiaritie with Spirits giue not onely fortitude and courage to whomsoeuer they please whereby they might ouercome their enemies in warre but also that through their helpe all fruits and those great Roots growe which we haue said that the American soile produceth Moreouer as farre as I vnderstood by the Neustrian Interpreters who had liued many yeeres in those Countries the Tououpinambaultians haue this custome that euery third or fourth yeere they assemble together At which assemblie as shall immediatly be declared I was present vnawares concerning which I am to report that which followeth I with a certaine Frenchman named Iacobus Ruffus and also a certaine Neustrian Interpreter trauelling farre from home turned in to a certaine Village to lodge the next day after wee prepared our selues early in the morning for our Iourney at which time we saw the Borderers come flocking thither from all places So the Inhabitants of that Village ioyned themselues with them that came and presently wee saw sixe hundred gathered together in a cerraine voide plat of ground We demand the cause of that meeting and saw that multitude diuided into three parts All the men went into a certaine Cottage the women into another and the children also went into the third I who had seene certaine Caraibes intermingled with the men suspecting that some vnaccustomed and strange thing should be done by them earnestly entreated my companions that they would stand still there with me to obserue the whole matter which I obtayned of them The Caraibes before they departed from the women and children with great care forbid the women to goe out of their Cottages but diligently to attend to the singing and also charged vs to keepe our selues close in that Cottage where the women were Being earnestly busied about our break-fast and ignorant of those things which they purposed to doe we heard a certaine lowe and soft muttering noise breaking out of the house into the which the men had seuered themselues for that Cottage was almost thirtie paces distant from ours the women which were about two hundred in number standing and giuing eare gather themselues as it were on an heape But the men lifting vp their voices by little and little so that their distinct words were heard of vs exhorting and likewise repeating this Interiection He he he he he he he he he he we heard the women presently with a trembling voice singing the same Interiection againe he he he c. And they lifted vp their voices with so great vehemency of minde and that for the space of one whole quarter of an houre that they drew vs who were the beholders into admiration And surely they did not onely horribly howle but also leaped forth with great violence and shaked their paps and fomed at the mouth nay some of them not vnlike vnto those that are troubled with the Falling-sicknesse fell downe dead So that I thinke that the Deuill entred into their bodies and they suddenly became possessed with the Deuill Moreouer hauing plainly perceiued those things which Bodinus writeth in the Booke which he called Daemonomania concerning the extasie of Witches which hee affirmeth to bee common to all Witches who haue made an expresse couenant with the Deuill and who are often violently carried away in spirit the bodie remayning voide of all sense although also they are sometimes carried away both in bodie and minde Adde saith he that they neuer meete together in any place but they danse among which as farre as he could gather by the confession of certaine Witches they all crie cut together Har har which very well agreeth with He he of our Americans the Deuill crieth Danse hither danse hither and others answere Sabbath Sabbath that is A festiuall day or day of rest lifting vp their hands and the crops of herbes or trees which they haue in their hands that they may shew a most assured token of ioy and signifie that they serue the Deuill with all their heart and so that they imitate the adoration due vnto God For in the Law of God it was prescribed to the Israelites that they should lift vp their hands vnto the Lord and shew themselues cheerefull before him These things I say being certainly knowne I gather that Satan is Lord of them both and that they are led by the same spirit so that the distance of places hindereth not but that the Father of lyes may worke here and there vpon them who through the iust iudgement of God are deliuered vnto him Likewise when I heard the children crying altogether although I had now liued halfe a yeere with the Barbarians and was almost acquainted with their manners yet not to dissemble I was then somewhat afraid especially seeing I knew not what should be the end of that matter At length those cries were ended the men being somewhat silent the children and women also altogether holding their peace presently the men began to sing so sweetly and with so great harmonie that I was wonderfully desirous to see them But when I would haue gone out of the Cottage I was both kept backe by the women and also admonished by the Interpreter that he who had already liued seuen yeeres among the Barbarians durst neuer come to those solemne meetings and lastly that if I went vnto them I should not doe wisely Whereby he caused me to stay a while for feare of danger yet because hee alledged no probable reason thereof the women and Interpreter somewhat resisting I went forth relying vpon the friendship of certaine ancient men Inhabitants of that Village Going therefore vnto that place where I heard that Musicall harmonie I made an hole through the roofe of the Cottage that I might the better perceiue what was done within For they are somewhat long and round after the manner of our Countrie garden Arbours and couered with grasse from the top to the bottome Then making a signe with my finger I called my companions and at length wee entred
whereof caused Mango fearing to be hemmed in of all sides to leaue Cusco despairing to recouer his estate with twenty thousand Indians setling himselfe on the Mountaines ouer Guamanga When Gasca the President sent for him after promising him peace he refused as warned by Atabalibas example Almagro would haue entred Cusco in his owne right as Gouernour which Ferdinand Pizarro refused till he had leaue from the Marquesse But he by night-entred and imprisoned both Gonzales and Ferdinand Pizarro The next day hee was proclaimed Gouernour according to the Imperiall commission He hearing of Aluarado and fearing his comming sent to him Messengers which Aluarado stayed but was soone after taken by Almagro in his Tents Then doth hee returne to Cusco pompous swearing to cast out all the Pizarrists Aluarado and Gonzales corrupting their keepers get out of prison and acquaint the Marquesse with these things who prouided fiue hundred men to march against him but the case was compromitted Yet did the Marquesse set men to murther Almagro by the way as hee should come to the place appointed which tooke no effect hee being warned thereof After this they are reconciled Oaths going before and after which soone after were broken and brake out into open warres in which Almagro was taken sentenced to death which no pleading appeale intercession could reuerse but he was first strangled in prison and then beheaded by Ferdinand Pizarro who had before beene his prisoner His Father is not knowne hee left a Sonne by an Indian Concubine bearing his owne name Diego The Marquesse sent his Brother Ferdinand to Spaine with the processe of Almagro and the Kings fifts In the meane time one Rada a friend of Almagro with yong Diego his son conspire against the Marquesse who contemning their meannesse was by them slaine in his owne house with his halfe brother Martin de Alcantara Diego Almagro inuades the gouerment and makes all to sweare to him till Caesar had otherwise prouided Hee goeth to Cusco and there slayeth Garcia Aluarado who had stabbed Sortello and would haue done as much for him Caesar hearing of these broyles sent the Licentiate Vacca di Castro thither with commission betwixt whom and Diego was fought a bloudy battell three hundred slaine on Caesars side one hundred and fiftie Diego fleeth to Cusco but by Roderigo Salazar on whom hee had bestowed many benefits was betrayed to Vacca who cut off his head About this time the Decree for the Indians libertie was promulged and Blascus Nunnez Vela made Vice-roy of Peru who arriuing at Nombre de Dios A. 1544. there met with many Spaniards which had gotten much by the sale of Indian slaues hee committed to the Officers and would haue confiscated their money as against the late Law which being done by him in a place out of his iurisdiction it was vpon intercession restored Going to Panama hee causeth the Indians to be freed at Tumbez he meets with a Priest and a seruant of Gonzales Pizarro which had beene in the battell against Almagro and hanged them both He executed a Frier also which had taxed the seueritie of Caesars Edict and ill rewarding those which had serued him And whiles he would remit nothing of vtmost rigour he procured the hate of all which after brake forth into a rebellion He committed Vacca de Castro into prison whereupon the Spaniards chose Gonzales Pizarro their Leader Gouernor and Procurator generall of the Peruan Prouinces The Vice-roy also put the Kings Factor to death whose brother the Licenciat Caruaial sware to be auenged of him The Vice-roy after this was taken and imprisoned but soone after sentenced to be sent back to Spaine by Aluarez who at Tumbez freed him His brother Vela Nunnez seeking to raise forces for him was taken and executed Ciuill wars grew hot a battel was fought betwixt Pizarro and the vnfortunat Vice-roy there taken whom Caruaial in reuenge of his brothers death caused to be done to death Gasca a man of great subtilty was sent to appease those affaires who made the Indians to beare the carriages of his Armie on their shoulders chained on a rowe to preuent their flight some fainting vnder the weight of their burthens others with extreme thirst Those which could not march with the Armie the Spaniards freed by cutting off their heads to auoide the delay of the chaine or if they were tied with ropes they ranne them thorow with their weapons of some they cut off the legs of others the nose or armes Gonzales Pizarro the chiefe of the Rebels ouercame Centenus in one battell but in another was taken by Gasca and executed and after him his Camp-master Caruaial a cruell man which would deride his owne Countrimen when he executed them bidding them because they were Gentlemen horsemen chuse which tree they would hang on Gasca ordained that the Indians should pay tribute to their Lords onely of such things as the Countrie yeelded For before the Spaniards forced them by tortures to bring them Gold if any not hauing it fled those torturers into the Woods the Spaniards hunted them out with Dogs and many so found were torne with Dogs others hanged themselues Once the men of Peru conceiued so hard an opinion of the Spaniards and of their cru lties that they not onely denied them to be the sonnes of God but thought that they were not borne into the world like other men supposing that so fierce and cruell a creature could not be procreated of man and woman They called them therefore Uiracochie that is Sea-froth as if they thence had receiued originall Nor can any alter this their opinion so deeply rooted but God Almightie saying The windes ouerthrowe trees and houses fire burnes them but these Viracochie deuoure all things â—nsatiably seeking Gold and Siluer which as soone as they haue gotten they play away at Dice warre kill one another robbe blaspheme wickedly forsweare and denie God neuer speake truth and vs they haue spoyled of our Countrie and fortunes Lastly they curse the Sea which hath brought to the Land so fierce and dreadfull an issue If I asked for a Christian they would not answere nor looke on mee But euery childe could say There goeth a Uiracochie They hid their ancient treasures that the Spaniards should not finde them saying that all which they got in comparison of these hidden was but as a graine of Maiz to a dishfull Some they buried in the Earth and some â—bâ—y thâ—ew into the Sea c. CHAP. XIII Obseruations of things most remarkable collected out of the first part of the Commentaries Royall written by the Inca GARCILASSODE LA VEGA Naturall of Cozco in nine Bookes Of the Originall Liues Conquests Lawes and Idolatries of the Incas or Ancient Kings of Peru THis Authour of the bloud of the Incas or as others call them Ingas Empereurs of Peru by the mothers side his father a Spaniard hath written three Lâ—â—ge Volumes of American
to Cassamalca and ascended a great Mountaine the horsemen leading vp their horses sometimes mounting as it were by staires there being no other way till they came to a fortresse of Stone walled with and founded on the rocks As they proceeded in this Mountaine they found it very cold The waters on the top were very cold that without heating they could not drinke them and they set vp their tents and made fires when they staid because of the cold Here came messengers with ten Sheep for a present from Atabalipa which told Pizarro of the great victories which he had had against his brother But hee answered that his Emperour was King of Spaine and of the Indies and Lord of the whole world had many seruants which were greater Lords then Atabalipa and he had sent him into these Countries to draw the people to the knowledge of God to his subiection and with these few Christians said he I haue ouercome greater Lords then is Atabalipa If he will haue friendship I will helpe him in his wars leaue him in his estate but if he choose warre I will doe to him as to the Cacikes of Puna and Tumbez The Indian which Pizarro had sent returned from Caxamalca and related that Atabalipa there abode with an armie and would haue slaine him had hee not said that the like should be done to his Messengers then being with the Spaniards that he could not speake with him but an Vncle of his which had enquired of the Christians and their armes all which he extolled to the vtmost The Gouernor came to Caxamalca the fifteenth of Nouember 1532. Atabalipa sent other messengers with presents Fernando Pizarro was sent to his campe with another Captain which did his message to him but he did not once looke on him but was answered by a principall man till the other Captain signified that he was brother to the Gouernor then the tyrant lifted vp his eyes and obiected the reports of their ill vsage of his Caciques but for his part he would be friend to the Christians taking them to be good men They promised helpe against his enemies He said he would employ them against a Cacique which had rebelled together with his Soldiers Pizarro answered ten of their horsemen would be enough to destroy him without helpe of your Indians Atabalipa laughed and bad they should drinke saying he would the next day see his Brother They to excuse drinking said they fasted but he importuned them and women came forth with vessels of gold full of drinke of Mayz Hee looked on them without speaking a word and they went againe and brought greater vessels of gold whereof they dranke and were licenced to depart There seemed to be 30000. men in the Campe they stood without their tents with lances in their hands like to Pikes The next morning being Saturday came a Messenger from Atabalipa saying that he would come to see him with his people armed He answered that he should vse his pleasure The Gouernour had placed his horse and foote couertly in great houses that they should not stirre forth till opportunity serued the signe being giuen and the Ordnance thereupon discharged then to rush out suddenly from diuers parts assault the Indians And seeing Atabalipa staid so long till neere night he sent a Messenger to him signifying his desire to see him Hereupon he moued to the town with his armie in squadrons singing dancing richly adorned with gold and siluer The Gouernors purpose was to take him aliue therefore expected his entrance into that walled or closed stree of Caxamalca which the Indians had forsaken with the fortresse left to him It was late before he came into the town and being come into the streete he made a stand The Gouernor sent Frier Vincent to him with a Crosse in one hand and a Bible in the other being entred where Atabalipa was he said by an Interpreter I am a Priest of God and teach the Christians things diuine and come likewise to instruct you that which the great God hath taught vs and is written in this Booke And therefore on Gods behalfe and of the Christians I pray you to become their friend for God commands it and it shall be well for you and come to speake with the Gouernor which expects you Atabalipa asked for his Booke which he gaue him shut He not knowing which way to open it the Frier stretched forth his hand to doe it and he with great disdaine hit him on the arme and at last opened it himselfe And without wondring at the letters or paper as other Indians vse cast it a way fiue or six paces from him and to the words which the Frier had said to him he answered with great pride I well wot what thou hast done in this voiage and how thou hast handled my Caciques and taken away their goods The Frier answered the Christans haue not done this but some Indians without the Gouernours knowledge who knowing it caused them to make restitution Atabalipa replied I will not depart hence till they bring it all to me The Frier carried this answer to the Gouernor and that he had throwne the holy Scripture on the ground who presently set on the Indians and came to the litter where Atabalipa was and tooke him by the left arme crying Saint Iames S. Iames. The Ordnance plaied the trumpets founded the horse and foot set forth the Indians fled the horsemen pursuing slaying the footmen killing all in the streete the Gouernour got a wound on the hand in sauing his prisoner In all this hurliburly there was not an Indian which lifted vp his armes against the Christians Pizarro bid his prisoner not be amased at his captiuity for with these Christians though few I haue subiected greater Lords then thou art to the Emperor whose vassall I am who is Lord of Spaine and of all the world aâ—d by his order I am come to conquer these lands that you may come to the knowledge of God c. adding many words of their pitie to the conquered and his good parts and acts The Spaniards had no harme onely one horse had a small wound whereupon the Gouernor thanked God for thebmiracle The Sun was down before they began and the battell lasted halfe an houre 2000. Indians were killed besides those which were wounded and 3000. taken In the stree of Caxamalca Pizarro caused to build a Church for the Masse and fortified the place against all occurrents Atabalipa promised for his ransome to fill a roome 22. foot long and 17. wide with gold vp as high as the middle of the roome higher by one halfe then a mans height in pots and other vessels plates peeces and the same roome twice filled with siluer in two moneths space But so much not comming in so soone the Gouernor sent three men to Cusco February 15. 1533. commanding one of them in the name of his Maiesty presence of
since the yeare 1504. When we shall say that the Spaniards haue wasted your Maiesties and laid you desolate seuen Kingdomes bigger then Spaine you must conceiue that we haue seene them wonderfully peopled and now there is nobody left because the Spaniards haue slaine all the naturall inhabitants by meanes aforesaid and that of the Townes and Houses there remaineth onely the bare wals euen as if Spaine were all dispeopled and that all the people being dead there remained onely the wals of Cities Townes and Castels Your Maiestie haue not out of all the Indies one maruedy of certaine perpetuall and set rent but the whole reuenewes are as leaues and straw gathered vpon the earth which being once gathered vp doe grow no more euen so is all the rent that your Maiestie hath in the Indies vaine and of as small continuance as a blast of winde and that proceedeth onely of that the Spaniards haue had the Indians in their power and as they doe daily slay and rost the inhabitants so must it necessarily ensue that your Maiesties rights and rents doe wast and diminish The Kingdome of Spaine is in great danger to be lost robbed oppressed and made desolate by forraigne Nations namely by the Turkes and Moores because that God who is the most iust true and soueraigne King ouer all the world is wroth for the great sinnes and offences that the Spaniards haue committed throughout the Indies But had chosen Spaine as his minister and instrument to illuminate and bring them to his knowledge and as it had bin for a worldly recompence besides the eternall reward had granted her so great naturall riches and discouered for her such and so great fruitfull and pleasant lands c. In as much as our life is short I doe take God to witnesse with all the Hierarchies and thrones of Angels all the Saints of the heauenly court and all the men in the world yea euen those that shall hereafter be borne of the certificate that here I doe exhibite also of this the discharge of my conscience namely that if his Maiestie granteth to the Spaniards the aforesaid diuellish and tyrannous partition notwithstanding whatsoeuer lawes or statutes shall be deuised yet will the Indies in short space be laid desart and dispeopled euen as the I le of Hispaniola is at this present which otherwise would be most fruitfull and fertile together with other the Iles lands aboue 3000. leagues about besides Hispaniola it selfe and other lands both farre and neere And for those sinnes as the holy Scripture doth very well informe God will horribly chastize and peraduenture wholly subuert and roote out all Spaine Anno 1542. The summe of the disputation betweene Fryer BARTHOLOMEVV de las CASAS or CASAVS and Doctor SEPVLVEDA DOctor Sepulueda the Emperours chronographer hauing information and being perswaded by certaine of those Spaniards who were most guiltie in the slaughters and wastes committed among the Indian people wrote a Booke in Latine in forme of a Dialogue very eloquently and furnished with all flowers and precepts of Rhetoricke as indeede the man is very learned and excellent in the said tongue which Booke consisted vpon two principall conclusions the one That the Spaniards warres against the Indians were as concerning the cause and equitie that moued them thereto very iust also that generally the like warre may and ought to be continued His other conclusion that the Indians are bound to submit themselues to the Spaniards gouernment as the foolish to the wise if they will not yeelde then that the Spaniards may as he affirmeth warre vpon them These are the two causes of the losse and destruction of so infinite numbers of people also that aboue 2000. leagues of the maine land are by sundry new kindes of Spanish cruelties and inhumaine dealings bin left desolate in the Ilands namely by Conquests and Commands as hee now nameth those which were wont to be called Partitions The said Doctor Sepulueda coloureth his Treatise vnder the pretence of publishing the title which the Kings of Castile and Leon doe challenge in the gouernment and vniuersall soueraigntie of this Indian world so seeking to cloake that doctrine which he endeuoureth to disperse and scatter as well in these lands as also through the Kingdomes of the Indians This Booke he exhibited to the royall Councell of the Indies very earnestly and importunately lying vpon them for licence to print it which they sundry times denied him in respect of the offence dangers and manifest detriment that it seemed to bring to the Common-wealth The Doctor seeing that here he could not publish his Booke for that the Counsell of the Indies would not suffer it he dealt so farre with his friends that followed the Emperours Court that they got him a Patent whereby his Maiestie directed him to the royall Counsell of Castile who knew nothing of the Indian affaires vpon the comming of these Letters the Court and Couâ—sell being at Aranda in Duero the yeare 1547. Fryer Bartholomew de las Casas or Casaus Bishop of the royall towne of Chiapa by hap arriued there comming from the Indians and hauing intelligence of Doctor Sepulneda his drifts and deuises had notice also of the Contents of his whole Booke but vnderstanding the Authors pernicious blindenesse as also the irrecouerable losses that might ensue vpon the printing of this Booke with might and maine withstood it discouering and reuealing the poyson wherewith it abounded and whereto it pretended The Lords of the Royall Counsaile of Castile as wise and iust Iudges determined therefore to send the said Booke to the Vniuersities of Salamanca and Alcala the matter being for the most part therein Theologically handled with commandement to examine it and if it might bee printed to signe it which Vniuersities after many exact and diligent disputations concluded that it might not be printed as contayning corrupt doctrine The Doctor not so satisfied but complaning of the Vniuersities aforesaid determined notwithstanding so many denials and repulses at both the Royall Counsailes to send his Treatise to his friends at Rome to the end there to print it hauing first transformed it into a certaine Apologie written to the Bishop of Segouia because the same Bishop hauing perused the Treatie and Booke aforesaid had brotherly and charitably as his friend by Letters reprooued and counsailed him The Emperour vnderstanding of the Impression of the said Booke and Apologie did immediately dispatch his Letters Patents for the calling in and suppression of the same commanding likewise to gather in againe all Copies thereof throughout Castile For the said Doctour had published also in the Castilian Language a certaine abstract of the said Booke thereby to make it more common to all the Land and to the end â—â—so that the Commons and such as vnderstood no Latine might haue some vse thereof as being a matter agreeable and toothsome to such as coueted great riches and sought wayes to clime to other estates then either themselues or their
season there one may see Orange-trees Lymmon-trees Fig-trees Pomgranat-trees and all such sorts of trees bring forth fruit as good as in Prouence The Sauages vse sweatings often as it were euery moneth and by this meanes they preserue themselues driuing out by sweate all the cold and euill humours they might haue gathered But one singular preseruatiue against this perfidious sicknesse which commeth so stealingly and which hauing once lodged it selfe within vs will not bee put out is to follow the counsell of him that is wife amonst the wise who hauing considered all the afflictions that man giue to himselfe during his life hath found nothing better then to reioyce himselfe and doe good 〈◊〉 take pleasure in his owne workes They that haue done so in our companie haue found themse 〈…〉 s well by it contrariwise some alwaies grudging repining neuer content idle haue beene found out by the same disease True it is that for to enioy mirth it is good to haue the sweetnesse of fresh meates Fleshes Fishes Milke Butter Oyles Fruits and such like which wee had not at will I meane the common sort for alwaies some one or other of the companie did furnish Monsieur de Poutrincourt his Table with Wilde-fowle Venison or fresh Fish And if wee had halfe a dozen Kine I beleeue that no body had died there It resteth a preseruatiue necessary for the accomplishment of mirth and to the end one may take pleasure on the worke of his hands is euery one to haue the honest companie of his lawfull wife for without that the cheere is neuer perfect ones minde is alwaies vpon that which one loues and desireth there is still some sorrow the body becomes full of ill humours and so the sicknesse doth breed And for the last and soueraigne remedie I send backe the Patient to the tree of life for so one may well qualifie it which Iames Quartier doth call Anneda yet vnknowne in the coast of Port Royall vnlesse it bee peraduenture the Sasafras whereof there is quantitie in certaine places And it is an assured thing that the said tree is very excellent But Monsieur Champlain who is now in the great Riuer of Canada passing his Winter in the same part where the said Quartier did winter hath charge to finde it out and to make prouision thereof THe rough season being passed Monsieur de Monts wearied with his bad dwelling at Saint Croix determined to seeke out another Port in a warmer Countrie and more to the South And to that end made a Pinnace to bee armed and furnished with victuals to follow the coast and discouering new Countries to seeke out some happier Port in a more temperate aire Hee made in this Voyage but about an hundred and twenty leagues as wee will tell you now From Saint Croix to sixty leagues forward the coast lieth East and West at the end of which sixty leagues is a Riuer called by the Sauages Kinibeki From which place to Malebarre it lieth North and South and there is yet from one to the other sixty leagues in right line not following the Bayes So farre stretcheth Monsieur de Monts his Voyage wherein hee had for Pilot in his Vessell Monsieur de Champdore In all this Coast so farre as Kinibeki there are many places where shippes may bee harboured amongst the Ilands but the people there is not so frequent as is beyond that And there is no remarkable thing at least that may bee seene in the outside of the Lands but a Riuer whereof many haue written fables one after another I will recite that which is in the last Booke intituled The vniuersall Historie of the West Indies Printed at Douay the last yeere 1607. in the place where hee speaketh of Norombega For in reporting this I shall haue also said that which the first haue written from whom they haue had it Moreouer towards the North sayth the Authour after hee had spoken of Virginia is Norombega which is knowne well enough by reason of a faire Towne and a great Riuer though it is not found from whence it hath his name for the Barbarians doe call it Aguncia At the mouth of this Riuer there is an Iland very fit for fishing The Region that goeth along the Sea doth abound in fish and towards New France there is great number of wilde beasts and is very commodious for hunting the Inhabitants doe liue in the same manner as they of New France If this beautifull Towne hath euer beene in nature I would faine knowe who hath pulled it downe For there is but Cabins heere and there made with pearkes and couered with barkes of trees or with skinnes and both the Riuer and the place inhabited is called Pemptegoet and not Agguncia The Riuer sauing the tide is scarce as the Riuer on that coast because there are not Lands sufficient to produce them by reason of the great Riuer of Canada which runneth like this coast and is not fourescore leagues distant from that place in crossing the Lands which from else-where receiued many Riuers falling from those parts which are towards Norombega At the entrie whereof it is so farre from hauing but one Iland that rather the number thereof is almost infinite for as much as this Riuer enlarging it selfe like the Greeke Lambda 〈◊〉 the mouth whereof is all full of Iles whereof there is one of them lying very farre off and the formost in the Sea which is high and markable aboue the others But some will say that I equiuocate in the situation of Norombega and that it is not placed where I take it To this I answer that the Author whose words I haue a little before alleaged is in this my sufficient warrant who in his Geographicall Mappe hath placed in the mouth of this Riuer in the 44. degree and his supposed Towne in the 45. wherein we differ but in one degree which is a small matter For the Riuer that I meane is in the 45. degree and as for any Towne there is none Now of necessity it must be this riuer because that the same being passed and that of Kinibeki which is in the same higth there is no other Riuer forward whereof account should be made till one come to Virginia I say furthermore that seeing the Barbarians of Norombega doe liue as they of new France and haue abundance of hunting it must be that their Prouince be sea 〈…〉 our new France for fiftie leagues farther to the South-west there is no great game bec 〈…〉 e the woods are thinner there and the Inhabitants setled and in greater number then in Norombega The Riuer of Norombega being passed Monsieur de Monts went still coasting vntill he came to Kinibeki where a Riuer is that may shorten the way to goe to the great Riuer of Canada There is a number of Sauages Cabined there and the land beginneth there to be better peopled From Kinibeki going farther one findeth the Bay of
he would treat with him Oagimont Sagamos of the Riuer Saint Croix was appointed for that purpose and he would not trust them but vnder the assurance of the Frenchmen he went thither Some Presents were made to Astikou who vpon the speech of peace began to exhort his people and to shew them the causes that ought to induce them to hearken vnto it Whereunto they condiscended making an exclamation at euery Article that he propounded to them Some fiue yeeres agoe Monsieur de Monts had likewise pacified those Nations and had declared vnto them that he would bee enemie to the first of them that should begin the Warre and would pursue him But after his returne into France they could not containe themselues in peace And the Armouchiquois did kill a Souriquois Sauage called Panoniac who went to them for to trucke Merchandize which he tooke at the Store-house of the said Monsieur de Monts The Warre aboue mentioned happened by reason of this said murther vnder the conduct of Sagamos Membâ—â—iou the said Warre was made in the very same place where I now make mention that Monsieur de Champdore did treate the peace this yeere Monsieur Champlein is in another place to wit in the great Riuer of Canada neere the place where Captaine Iames Quartier did winter where hee hath fortified him selfe hauing brought thither housholds with Cattle and diuers sorts of fruit-trees There is store of Vines and excellent Hempe in the same place where he is which the earth bringeth forth of it selfe He is not a man to be idle and we expect shortly newes of the whole Discouerie of this great and vncomparable Riuer and of the Countries which it washeth on both sides by the diligence of the said Champlein As for Monsieur de Poutrincourt his desire is immutable in this resolution to inhabit and adorne his Prouince to bring thither his family and all sorts of Trades necessary for the life of man Which with Gods helpe hee will continue to effect all this present yeere 1609. And as long as hee hath vigour and strength will prosecute the same to liue there vnder the Kings obeysance The Authour hath written another large Booke of the Rites of the Sauages of those parts which I haue omitted partly because Champlein in the former Chapiter hath giuen vs large instructions of the same and because in our Virginian and New England and New-found-land our men will relate the like and because I seeke to bee short howsoeuer my Subiect causeth mee to bee voluminous CHAP. VIII Collections out of a French Booke called Additions to Noua Francia containing the Accidents there from the yeere 1607. to 1611. MOnsieur de Monts hauing his priuiledge prorogued for one yeare with some associates sent vnto his Gouernment three Ships furnished with men and victuals And forasmuch as Monsieur de Poutrincourt hath taken his part on the maine Sea and for the desire that Monsieur de Monts hath to pierce through the Land to the Westerne Sea coast to the end he should not be an hinderance vnto him and to be able thereby to reach one day to China he determined to fortifie himselfe in a place of the Riueâ— of Canada which the Sauages call Kebec some fortie leagues aboue the Riuer of Saguenay There it is narrower being no broader then a Canon will carry and so by that reason the place is commodious to command through all that great Riuer Monsieur Champlein the Kings Geographer very skilfull in Sea matters and who delighteth marueilously in these enterprises tooke vpon him the charge of conducting and gouerning this first Colonie sent to Kebec Where being arriued it was needefull to make houses for him and his company wherein there was no toyle wanting such as we may imagine as was the labour of Captaide Iacques Quartier at his arriuall in the place of the said Riuer where he wintered and so Monsieur de Monts in the I le of Saint Croix whereby did issue vnknowne sicknesses which tooke away many men for there was not found any Timber ready to be put in worke not any buildings to lodge the workemen in they were driuen to fell downe the wood by the roote to cleare the ground and to lay the first foundations of a worke which with the helpe of God shall be the subiect of many wonders But as our Frenchmen haue oftentimes bin found mutinous in such actions so there were some among these which did conspire against the said Champlein their Captaine hauing deliberated to put him to death first by poison afterwards by a traine of Gunpowder and after hauing pilfered all to come to Tadoussac where Baskes and Rochell Ships were to make their returne in them to these parts But the Apothecary of whom the poyson was demanded disclosed the matter Whereupon Information being made one of them was hanged and some others condemned to the Gallies which were brought backe into France in the Ship wherein Monsieur du Pont of Honfleur was Commander The people being lodged some store of Corne was sowed and a number of Gardens were made where the ground did restore plentifully the seedes receiued This Land bringeth forth naturally Grapes in great quantity the Walnut-trres are there in abundance and Chestnut-trees also whose fruite is in the forme of an halfe moone but the Walnuts are with many corners or edges which be not diuided There is also great store of Pumpions and very excellent Hempe wherewith the Sauages make fishing lines The Riuer there doth abound with as much fish as any other Riuer in the world It is thought that Beuers are not here so good as vpon the coast of the Etechemins and Souriquois yet notwithstanding I may say very well that I haue seene skins from thence of blacke Foxes which seeme to exceede Sables or Marterns The winter being come many of our Frenchmen were found greatly afflicted with the sickenesse which is called the Scuruie whereof I haue spoken elsewhere Some of them died thereof for want of present remedy As for the tree called Annedda so much renowned by Iacques Quartier it is not now to be found The said Champlein made diligent search for the same and could haue no newes thereof and notwithstanding his dwelling is at Kebec neighbouring on the place where the said Quartier did winter Whereupon I can thinke nothing else but that the people of that time haue bin exterminated by the Iroquois or other their enemies The Spring time being come Champlein hauing had a long time a minde to make new discoueries was to choose either to make his way to the Iroquois or to goe beyond the fall of the great Riuer to discouer the great Lake whereof mention hath bin made heretofore Notwithstanding because the Southerly Countries are more pleasant for their milde temperature he resolued himselfe the first yeare to visite the Iroquois But the difficulty consisted in the going thither
two miles of Point Comfort when the Captaine of the Fort discharged a warning Peece at vs whereupon we came to an Anchor and sent off our long Boat to the Fort to certifie who we were by reason of the shoales which lye on the South-side this Fort easily commands the mouth of the Riuer albeit it iâ— as broad as betweene Greenwich and the I le of Dogges True it is such who talked with our men from the shoare deliuered how safely all our ships the last yeere excepting only the Admirall and the little Pinnasse in which one Michael Philes commanded of some twentie tunne which we towed a sterne till the storme blew arriued and how our people well â—ncreased had therefore builded this Fort only wee could not learne any thing of our long Boat sent from the Bermudas but what wee gathered by the Indians themselues especially from Powhatan who would tell our men of such a Boat landed in one of his Riuers and would describe the people and make much scoffing sport thereat by which wee haue gathered that it is most likely how it arriued vpon our Coast and not meeting with our Riuer were taken at some time or other at some aduantage by the Sauages and so cut off When our Skiffe came vp againe the good newes of our ships and mens arriuall the last veere did not a little glad our Gouernour who went soone ashoare and assoone contrary to all our faire hopes had new vnexpected vncomfortable and heauie newes of a worse condition of our people aboue at Iames Towne Vpon Point Comfort our men did the last yeere as you haue heard rayse a little Fortification which since hath beene better perfected and is likely to prooue a strong Fort and is now kept by Captaine Iames Dauies with forty men and hath to name Algernoone Fort so called by Captaine George Percy whom we found at our arriuall President of the Colony and at this time likewise in the Fort. When we got into the Point which was the one and twentieth of May being Munday about noone where riding before an Indian Towne called Kecoughton a mightie storme of Thunder Lightning and Raine gaue vs a shrewd and fearefull welcome From hence in two dayes only by the helpe of Tydes no winde stirring wee plyed it sadly vp the Riuer and the three and twentieth of May we cast Anchor before Iames Towne where we landed and our much grieued Gouernour first visiting the Church caused the Bell to be rung at which all such as were able to come forth of their houses repayred to Church where our Minister Master Bucke made a zealous and sorrowfull Prayer finding all things so contrary to our expectations so full of misery and misgouernment After Seruice our Gouernour caused mee to reade his Commission and Captaine Percie then President deliuered vp vnto him his Commission the old Patent and the Councell Seale Viewing the Fort we found the Pallisadoes torne downe the Ports open the Gates from off the hinges and emptie houses which Owners death had taken from them rent vp and burnt rather then the dwellers would step into the Woods a stones cast off from them to fetch other fire-wood and it is true the Indian killed as fast without if our men stirred but beyond the bounds of their Block-house as Famine and Pestilence did within with many more particularities of their sufferances brought vpon them by their owne disorders the last yeere then I haue heart to expresse In this desolation and misery our Gouernour found the condition and state of the Colonie and which added more to his griefe no hope how to amend it or saue his owne Company and those yet remayning aliue from falling into the like necessities For we had brought from the Bermudas no greater store of prouision fearing no such accidents possible to befall the Colony here then might well serue one hundred and fiftie for a Sea Voyage and 〈◊〉 was not possible at this time of the yeere to amâ—â—d it by any helpe from the Indian For b 〈…〉 es that they at their best haue little more then from hand to mouth it was now likewise but â—â—eir Seed-time and all their Corne scarce put into the ground nor was there at the Fort as they whom we found related vnto vs any meanes to take fish neither sufficient Seine nor other conueâ—ient Net and yet if there had there was not one eye of Sturgeon yet come into the Riuer All vhich considered it pleased our Gouernour to make a Speech vnto the Company giuing them 〈◊〉 vnderstand that what prouision he had they should equally share with him and if he should fi 〈…〉 it not possible and easie to supply them with some thing from the Countrey by the endeuours 〈◊〉 his able men hee would make readie and transport them all into their Natiue Countrey accoâ—modating them the best that he could at which there was a generall acclamation and shoute of ioy on both sides for euen our owne men began to be disheartened and faint when they saw this mâ—â—ry amongst the others and no lesse threatned vnto themselues In the meane while our Gouernâ—â—r published certaine Orders and Instructions which hee enioyned them strictly to obserue â—â—e time that hee should stay amongst them which being written out faire were set vp vpon a poâ— in the Church for euery one to take notice of If I should be examined from whence and by what occasion 〈◊〉 these disasters and afflictions descended vpon our people I can only referre you honoured â—â—die to the Booke which the Aduenturers haue sent hither intituled Aduertisements vnto the Colony in Uirginia wherein the ground and causes are fauourably abridged from whence these miserâ—â—le effects haue beene produced not excusing likewise the forme of gouernment of some errour which was not powerfull enough among so headie a multitude especially as those who arriued here in the supply sent the last yeere with vs with whom the better authoritie and gouernment now changed into an absolute command came along and had beene as happily established had it pleased God that we with them had reached our wished Harbour Vnto such calamity can sloath riot and vanity bring the most setled and plentifull estate Indeede right noble Lady no story can remember vnto vs more woes and anguishes then these people thus gouerned haue both suffered and puld vpon their owne heads And yet true it is some of them whose voyces and command might not be heard may easily be absolued from the guilt hereof as standing vntouched and vpright in their innocencies whilest the priuie factionaries shall neuer find time nor darknesse to wipe away or couer their ignoble and irreligious practises who it may be lay all the discredits and imputations the while vpon the Countrie But vnder pardon let me speake freely to them let them remember that if riot and sloth should both meet in any one of their best Families in a Countrey most
very little at all because the said ships being cast away on the ebbe The goods were driuen off into the Sea the dead bodies of many that were drowned I my selfe saw â—ast on the shore with the sundry wrackes of the parts of the Ships Masts and Yards with other wracke of Caske Chists and such like in great abundance The fourteenth day of Nouember the winde being faire wee tooke passage from Lisbone in a small Barke belonging to Bidâ—ford called the Marget and on the foure and twentieth of the same we were landed at Saint Iues in Cornwall and from thence I hasted to Plimmouth where I shewed vnto Sir Ferdinando Gorges and diuers others the Aduenturers the whole Discourse of our vnhappie Voyage together with the miseries that wee had and did indure vnder the Spaniards hands And then hasted with all the speed I could toward the Court of England where I was assured to my great comfort that they either were alreadie or very shortly should bee deliuered Before my departure from Siuill I should haue remembred that about Whitsontide last there were brought into the Prison of the Contractation there two young men brought out of the West Indies in one of the Kings Gallions which were of Captaine Iohn Legats company of Plimmouth which departed out of England about the latter end of Iuly 1606. bound for the Riuer of Amazons as hee told me before his going forth where hee had beene two yeeres before And comming on the Coast of Brasill as those young men the name of one of them is William Adams borne in Plimpton neere Plimmouth reported vnto mee whether falling to the leeward of the Riuer of Amazons or deceiued by his Master they knew not And not being able to recouer the said Riuer were constrayned to refresh in the West Indies in which time there fell a great disorder betweene the said Captaine Legat and his company so as one of his company in a broyle within themselues aboard there ship slue the said Captaine Legat whether in his owne priuate quarrell or with the consent of the rest of the Company they could not tell mee But this is the more to bee suspected for that he alwayes in former Voyages dealt very straitly with his company After his death his company comming to the I le of Pinos on the Southside of Cuba to refresh themselues being eighteene persons were circumuented by the trecherie of the Spaniards and were there betrayed and taken Prisoners and within foure dayes after of eighteene persons fourteene were hanged the other foure being youths were saued to serue the Spaniards whereof two of them refusing to serue longer in there ships were put into the Prison at Siuill the other two remayne still as slaues to the Spaniards This I had the rather noted to the end that it may be the better considered what numbers of ships and men haue gone out of England since the conclusion of peace betweene England and Spaine in the way of honest Trade and Traffique and how many of them haue miserably miscarried Hauing beene slaine drowned hanged or pittifully captiued and thrust out of their ships and all their goods REader I had by me the Voyage of Captaine Thomas Hanham written by himselfe vnto Sagadahoc also the written Iournals of Master Raleigh Gilbert which stayed and fortified there in that vnseasonable Winter fit to freeze the heart of a Plantation of Iames Dauies Iohn Eliot c. but our voluminousnesse makes me afraid of offending nicer and queasier stomackes for which cause I haue omitted them euen after I had with great labour fâ—â—ted them to the Presse as I haue also done a written large Tractate of Mawaushen and the Uoyage of Master Edward Harlie one of the first Planters with Cap. Popham and Nicholas Hobson to those parts 1611. with diuers Letters from Cap. Popham and others You must obserue that it was in those times called by the name of Virginia and the Northerne Plantation or Colonie But Captaine Smith a man which hath so many Irons in our fire presented a Booke of the Countrie to Prince Charles his Highnesse with a Map of the Countrey who stiled it as our hopes are he will one day make it New England and altered the Sauage names of places to English Hee made one Voyage thither Anno 1614. and the next yeere beganne another which taken by Frenchmen he was not able to make vp but in testimonie of his loue to his Countrey here and of his hopes there hath written diuers Bookes One called A Description of New England in which his said Uoyages are described with the description of the Countrey and many Arguments to incite men to that vndertaking which I had also prepared for the Presse but for the former feares haue omitted the other called New Englands Trials twice or thrice printed out of which I haue added thus much that the World may see the benefit to bee made by fishing and may also be better acquainted with the successe and succession of New Englands Affaires CHAP. III. Extracts of a Booke of Captaine IOHN SMITH printed 1622. called New Englands tryalls and continuing the Storie thereof with Motiues to the businesse of fishing there The benefit of fishing as Master Dee reporteth in his Brittish Monarchie HE saith that it is more then foure and fortie yeeres agoe and it is more then fortie yeeres since he writ it that the Herring Busses out of the Low-countries vnder the King of Spaine were siue hundred besides one hundred Frenchmen and three or foure hundred Sayle of Flemmings The Coasts of Wales and Lancashire was vsed by three hundred Sayle of strangers Ireland and Baltemore fraugted yeerly three hundred Sayle of Spaniards where King Edward the Sixt intended to haue made a strong Castle because of the Strait to haue Tribute for fishing Blacke Rocke was yeerely fished by three or foure hundred Sayle of Spaniards Portugals and Biskiners Master Gentleman and many Fisher-men and Fish-mongers with whom I haue conferred report The Hollanders raise yeerely by Herring Cod and Ling 3000000. pounds English and French by Salt-fish Poore Iohn Salmons and Pilchards 300000. pounds Hamborough and the Sound for Sturgion Lobsters and Eeles 100000. pounds Cape Blacke for Tunny and Mullit by the Biskiners and Spaniards 30000. pounds But diuers other learned experienced Obseruers say though it may seeme incredible That the Duke of Medina receiueth yeerely tribute of the Fishers for Tunny Mullit and Purgos more then 10000. pounds Lubeck hath seuen hundred Ships Hamborough six hundred Embden lately a Fisher Towne one thousand foure hundred whose Customes by the profit of fishing hath made them so powerfull as they bee Holland and Zealand not much greater then Yorkeshire hath thirtie walled Townes foure hundred Villages 20000. saile of Ships and Hoyes thirtie sixe thousand are Fisher-men whereof one hundred are Doggers seuen hundred Pinkes and Wel-boates seuen hundred Frand Boates Britters and Tode-boats with one thousand three hundred Busses besides three hundred
dayly in Nauall forces answered by Martiall Spirits for Land and Sea seruice Thus did God blesse her that had glorified him in establishing his Truth notwithstanding the pouertie of the State at her entrance deepely indetted by her predecessours and the saint friendship or professed enmitie of Rome and all her disciples Thus shall it bee done to the Woman God will honour and more then thus for what was all the time of her reigne but vicissitudes of Treasons Warres and manifold externall and internall broyles and yet in an admirable working of Diuine Grace when had England so long and flourishing peace at home or glory and renowme abroad as if hee which brought light out of darknesse would permit all such contrary workings to bee the object of his goodnesse the fewell and materialls of her greatnesse Arthur Poole the fourth yeere of her reigne abused the greatnesse of his bloud with other conspirators to the Guisâ—â—n purposes but taken and sentenced receiued not bloudie reward from her mild and mercifull hand Pope Pius the fift denounceth her excommunicate discharging her Subiects from loyaltie and alleageance and arming them against her Ridolfi a Florentine playes the Merchant of Popish wares the Earles of Northumberland and Westmerland take armes the Duke of Norfolke is entangled the French and Spaniard are perswaded by the Pope who promised also if need were to ingage to this purpose all the goods of the Sea Apostolike Chalices Crosses and holy Vestments Uitellius is commanded to inuade England with an Army from the Low-countries but God protected ELIZABETH and her Enemies abroad were disappointed the Traitors at home falling into their owne pit About the same time Edmund and Peter brethten to the Earle of Oâ—â—ond were busie in Ireland to inflame which rebellion Mendoza came out of Spaine but before it brake forth into any great combustion it was extinct Don Iohn of Austria enters next vpon the Stage for I omit Barues and Muthers Sir Henry Percie the B. of Ross his attempts and other Acts and Arts sauouring more of the Foxe then the Lion and pretended a peace whiles hee intended the deliuerance of the Scottish Queene and marrying her to make himselfe King of England and Scotland by helpe of fugitiues and fauour of the Pope and Guisians and in the midst of his warlike preparations suddenly dieth When Pius his impious curses had thus proued blessings hee deceaseth and Gregory his successour in the Papacie and malice to Queene ELIZABETH the great Founder of Seminaties gaping for no lesse then a Kingdome to his base sonne Iames Boncompagnâ— treateth with the Spaniard who had swallowed England also in his conceit Thomas Stukley an English fugitiue promiseth Ireland to the Popes bastard who in recompence giues him the titles of Marquesse of Lagen Earle of Wexford and Caterlough Vicount of Morough and Baron of Ross all places of note in Ireland and made him Generall of eight hundred Italian Souldiers the King of Spaine paying their wages But Sebastian King of Portugall which should haue conducted the Spanish forces against England being intangled with an African Expedition procured Sâ—â—cley to goe thither with him where both lost their liues And the Spaniard was now diuerted from English designes to those neerer of Portugall there imploying the forces intended against vs. Doctor Nicolas Sanders playeth the next part who hauing written in defence of the Popes visible Monarchy Ecclesiasticall and belched out the fowlest slanders of Queen ELIZABETHS parentage that Hell could deuise would make his writings visible by his deeds and with Iames Fitz Moricâ— an Irish Traitor hauing obtained to be the Popes Nuntio with a banner consecrated at Rome and some forces out of Spaine entreth Ireland there fortifieth and winneth Desmond to his partie San Ioseph 〈…〉 followeth with seuen hundred Italians and Spaniards with Armour for fiue thousand Their Fort is taken Fitz moricâ— first and after the Earle with many others slaine Sanders runnes mad and wandering vp and downe in the Woods and Mountaines dieth miserably the Country is pacified and ELIZABETH preuaileth The Seminaries Schooles of Treason were now erected at R 〈…〉 and Rhemâ—â— to become worse then that Troian Hoâ—se Cells of desperate Eâ—issaries incâ—ndaries of their owne Countrey Campion and others suffer seditious Bookes are written against the Queene whereby S 〈…〉 râ—ill was instigated to kill her Mendoza the Spanish Embassadour was commanded to depart out of England hauing practised with Throckmorton and others about an inuasion of the Land and to remoue the Queene About the same time in manner miraculously traiterous projects came to light by certaine papers of one Creighâ—â—â— a Scottish Iesuite who being taken by Dutch Pirates tare them and threw them into the Sea which would not bee accâ—ssary to Iesuiticall plots but by the helpe of the winde brought them backe to the Ship which being deliuered to Sir William Wade were ioyned again and reuealed new plots of the Pope the Spaniard and Guisians to inuade England Whereupon an Association was made by many thorow the Kingdome binding themselues by their hands and seales to prosecute all such to death as should attempt any thing against the life of the Queene Cardinall A 〈…〉 for the English Catholikes Ecclesiasticall Inglefield for the Larkes the Bishop of Rosse for the Queene of Scots were said to haue agreed to depriue the Queene and to disinherite King IAMES as a fauoâ—â—er of Heresie c. A. 1585. Doctor Parry whom Queene ELIZABETH had before pardoned his life being heartned by Ragazonius the Popes Nuntio in France and absolued in the Popes name by the Cardinall Comensis vndertooke to kill the Queene being thereunto incouraged by Allens booke teaching that excommunicated Princes may bee dispoyled of liues and Scepters His partner reueales him and his mischiefe lighted on himselfe Henry Earle of Northumberland brother of Thomas before executed at Yorke slew himselfe in the Tower and the Lord Chancellour three dayes after in the Starre Chamber declared that he had beene committed for traiterous deuises against the Queene and State the particulars whereof were then opened by the Atturney Popham seeking to set free the Queene of Scots to destroy the Queene and the Religion to haue dealt with Charles Paget termed Mope about these things with the inuasion of England c. The Burkes rebellion in Ireland fell out that yeere and many broyles which cost three thousand their liues at one time the title Mac-William in Connagh extinguished and the insolence of the Ilanders betwixt Scotland and England repressed The Spaniard arrested the English Ships in his Ports whence the Expeditions of the Earle of Cumberland and Sir Francis Drake before mentioned tooke their beginning and the Warres betwixt the two Kingdomes A. 1586. that prodigions plot of Sauage Balard Babington and the rest of that bloudy crue conspiring to kill the Queene was detected and the plotters were executed In 87. the French Embassadour a Guisian conferred
affaires one of Sotos expedition into Florida in sixe Bookes both the other of his owne Countrie of Peru the one contayning in nine Bookes the Historie of things done by the Incas before the Spanish Conquest the later those later Spanish-Peruan occurrents Of his Floridan Historie wee haue onely borrowed a few notes bringing on our Stage a Portugall eye-witnesse of that Voyage to act his owne part in our next Act or Bookeâ— out of the other I purposed more liberalitie that thou mightst â—eare a Peruan speake of Peru but the Worke growing so great and wee hauing out of Acosta and so many others presented so much before fearing to 〈◊〉 the Reader with fulnesse which may if not here satisfied goe to the Authour haue principally collected such things aâ— either they had not or had by false information receiued and deceiued their Readers whom this Authour correcteth out of better intelligence Besides hee seemes to hold counterpoise as drawing things from their originall with our Mexican Pictureantiquities THe Language generall of Peru hath three manner of pronunciations of some syllables much different from the Spanish in which variety of pronunciation lieth the different significations of the same word One way in the lips another in the palate and the third in the throat The accent is almost alway in the last syllable but one sildome in the syllable before that and neuer in the last of all as some ignorant of the Tongue haue affirmed That Language of Cuzco doth also want these letters following b d f g i consonant the single l they vse the double ll as on the other side they pronounce not the double rr in the beginning or midst of a word but alway single and x so that of the Spanish Alphabet they want eight letters accounting the single l and double rr Hence they hardly pronounce Spanish words in which these letters are Neither is there any plurall number but certaine particles which signifie pluralitie otherwise the singular serues for both numbers In my time about 1560. and twentie yeeres after in my Countrie there was no money coyned but they reckoned by weight the marke or ounce as in Spaine they reckon by Duckets so in Peru by Pezos or Castellans euery Pezo of Siluer being foure hundred and fiftie Marauedies and reduced to Spanish Duckets euery fiue Pezos are sixe Duckets ANno 1484. Alonso Sanchez of Huelua in the Countie of Niebla traded in a small ship from Spaine to the Canaries and thence to Madera In this his triangular trade hee was one day taken with a tempest which carried him twentie and eight or nine dayes hee knew not whence nor whither and then the tempest ending hee arriued at an Ile which some thinke to bee Hispaniola where he went on land and tooke the height Hee wrote all occurrents and after a tedious voyage arriued at Tercera but fiue of seuenteene being left which all died there spent with their ill passage at Christopher Colon or Columbus his house which gaue him that heart and courage to the discouery of the New World Blasco Nunnez de Balboa An. 1513. discouered the South Sea was thereof made Adelantado and the conquest of those Regions granted him by the Catholike Kings He made three or foure Ships for discouery one of which passed the line to the South sailing along the coast and seeing an Indian Fisherman at the mouth of a Riuer foure of the Spaniards went ashore farre from the place where he was being good runners and swimmers to take him The Indian maruailing what kinde of creature the Ship vnder saile might be was taken in the mids of his muse and carried a shipboord They asked him by signes and words being somewhat refreshed after that dreadfull surprize and bearded sight what Countrie that was and how called The Indian not vnderstanding what they demanded answered and told them his proper name saying Beru and added another word saying Pelu as if he should haue said if yee aske me what I am my name is Beru and if you aske me whence I was in the Riuer Pelu being the common name of a Riuer in that language The Christians conceiued that hee had vnderstood them and answered to the purpose and from that time Anno 1515. or 1516. they called by the name of Peru that great and rich Empire corrupting both names as they vse in Indian words Some later authors call it Piru After the discouery of the Incas Kingdome the name still continued howsoeuer the Natiues to this day seuentie two yeares since the conquest will not take it in their mouthes although they speake with Spaniards and vnderstand them neither haue they one generall name for all those Prouinces as Spaine Italy France with vs but call each by its proper name and the whole Kingdome they called Tauantinsuyu that is to say the fourth part of the World That Riuer also where they tooke the Indian was after by the Spaniards called Peru. Yucatan receiued the name from like accident the first discouerers asking the place the Indian answering tectetan tectetan that is I vnderstand you not which they vnderstood of the proper appellation and corruptly called the place Yucatan From Panama to the Citie of Kings the sailing is very troublesome by reason of Southerne windes which alway ranne on that coast as also of many currents these forced the Shippes in that voyage to make large boords of fortie or fiftie leagues into the Sea and then againe to landward vntill Fraâ—cis Drake an Englishman which entred by the Magellan strait 1579. taught them a better course of sailing two or three hundred leagues into the Sea which the Pilots before durst not doe being fearefull of calmes if they were once one hundred leagues from land otherwise also vncertaine and ignorant Touching the originall of the Incas Kings of Peru this author affirmeth that when hee was a childe his mother residing in Câ—sco her Countrie euery weeke there came to visite her some of her kindred which had escaped the tyrannies of Atauhuallpa at which time their ordinary discourse was alway of the originall of their Kings of their Maiestie and great Empire Conquests and Gouernment such discourses the Incas and Pallas hold in their visitations bewailing their losses Whiles I was a boy I reioyced to heare them as children delight to heare tales but being growne to sixteene or seuenteene yeares of age when they were one day at my Mothers in this discourse I spake to the ancientest my Mothers Vncle desiring him to tell me what he knew of their first Kings seeing they kept not memory of their antiquities as the Spaniards vse in writing which by their Bookes can tell all their antiquities and changes which haue happened since God made the World I desired him to tell me what traditionary memorials he had of their Originals He willing to satisfie my request recounted to me in manner following aduising mee to lay vp these