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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A03144	The historie of that most famous saint and souldier of Christ Iesus; St. George of Cappadocia asserted from the fictions, in the middle ages of the Church; and opposition, of the present. The institution of the most noble Order of St. George, named the Garter. A catalogue of all the knights thereof untill this present. By Pet. Heylyn.	Heylyn, Peter, 1600-1662.; Marshall, William, fl. 1617-1650, engraver.	1631 (1631)	STC 13272; ESTC S104019	168,694	376

our Bill reserving all the rest as seconds to make good his assertions I know we might with greater glory and more seeming shew of Antiquity haue cast this burthen upon him that calls himselfe Saint George's servant Pasicrates by name the first which did commit to writing the Death and Actions of St. George and one if such a one there was which might relate the Storie with most assurance as being alwayes with him even unto his suffering But since the credit of Pasicrates and of the storie written by him dependeth onely on the word of Metaphrastes who ascribes it to him We may as well immediatly report it out of Metaphrastes in whom there is not any thing omitted worth our reading which is found extant in the other Of whom and of the time in which hee liv'd and that opinion which he carrieth in the world wee will speake a little because we have made choyce of him to declare first for us and it concernes us not to have our businesse opened by a man suspected by one of no esteeme and credit with the learned When that is done we will not beg you to beleeve him any further than in Sir Walter Raleigh's judgement we may give credit unto Annius and his Authors namely so farre as others writing on the same Argument concurre with him and justifie his words as warrantable and historicall 3 And first the Age in which hee lived is diuersly reported Bellarmine on the credit of Baronius hath placed him in the middle of the ninth Centurie Iohn Vossius in his Booke De Gr. Historicis hath ranked him in the yeare 1060 Oraeus Volaterran our learned Iewell and Helvicus make him a babe of yesterday a writer of the fourteenth Centurie no older Of this last computation more hereafter the other two being the worst of them more probable than this though but one true These two both built upon the same ground the time of Michael Psellus and therefore if wee can resolve upon his time wee have found the other By Bellarmine it is affirm'd that Psellus was alive anno 850. Michael the third together with his Mother Theodora then ruling in the East which Psellus made a funerall Oration in the praise of Metaphrastes This last acknowledg'd to bee true by Vossius but then he tells us and that upon the credit of Cedrenus that Michael Psellus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as that Author calls him was Tutor unto Constantinus Ducas who began his Empire in the yeare 1061. But in the sifting of the businesse it may perhaps appeare that Vossius is not ledde to this by any argument more than his owne opinion Non negare possum saith hee ijs temporibus viz. sub Mich. 3. vixisse quendam Michael Psellum nam id apertè testatur Iohannes Curopalates sed nego istum nobilem illum esse Philosophum cuius permulta hodieque supersunt He cannot choose but grant that Michael Psellus flourished in the time of Michael and Theodora but that this was the Michael Psellus whose writings are still extant this he denieth So then it being so farre granted that Michael Psellus was aliue according to the time assigned by Bellarmine we will according to that computation resolve of Sim. Metaphrastes that he flourished in the ninth Centurie When we see better reason to inforce the contrary wee shall not thinke it any shame to alter our opinion As for the name of Metaphrastes it was given our Author in reference unto a worke of his touching the Lives of Saints and Martyrs which lives he had collected with indefatigable industry out of severall Authors himselfe retayning the sense and matter of them but otherwise delivering the Stories in wordes more proper and expressive So witnes●eth Aloysius Lippomanus in his Preface Ideòque Metaphrastae nomen fuisse adeptum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 enim Graecè Latinè est Scripturam aliquam dilucidioribus verbis sensu tamen materia retentis interpretari 4 This worke thus brought together became of good esteeme and credit in the Easterne parts the reputation of the Writer and the opinion had of his good performance in that kind cōcurring both together to further the admission of it in their Churches For of the man himselfe it is affirm'd by Lippomanus that by the Grecians hee is honour'd as a Saint the 27. of November being assign'd him for his Feast-day Psellus a man of speciall qualitie himselfe hath played the Panegyrist in his commendation and therein added to the fame of Metaphrastes Adeò bonum est laudari à laudato viro And not he onely but all the Fathers of the great Councell of Florence the greatest in the later Ages of the Church have magnified his Name and extoll'd his Learning For vouching him and his authority in that great point De filioque then debated hee is summon'd thus Imprimis ergo Sim. Metaphrastes vestris in Ecclesijs celebarrimus accedat c. Sess. 7. But what need more bee sayd than that of Theod. Balsamon in his Commentaries on the Canons of the sixt Synod For there was great complaint made in that Councell how hideously the lives of Saints were falsified by Heretickes which 63. Canon together with the resolution of the Fathers wee have recited in the second Chapter of the former part of this Discourse Hereupon Balsamon takes occasion to congratulate the felicity of the Church in those latter times and to commend withall the paines and excellent performance of our Author in that Argument Magna itaque B. Metaphrastae agenda est gratia qui martyricas pro veritate fossas non sine multis laboribus sudoribus repurgavit exornavit ad Dei laudem S. Martyrum perennem gloriam So hee or rather his Translatour for I have not the originall now by me 5 Bellarmine giveth this note of him and the note is good Videri aliquas historias Sanctorum additas à posterioribus That many Histories were added to the worke of Metaphrastes by some of lesser standing those namely which were added to the Catalogue of Saints after the death of the first Author Which note of his together with the testimonies of Balsamon and Psellus doe most abundantly refell their errour which make him such a Puisné and in part also satisfie it The first of those that did disparage thus our Author Raphael Volaterran and in him wee reade it thus Simeon Constantinopolitanus ludi magister circiter annos abhinc 200. composuit Graecè Metaphrastas Id est Sanctorum vitas quae singulis mensibus proprie leguntur habenturque in Bibliotheca Vaticana I thus translate it in the wordes of Byshop Iewell This Simeon Metaphrastes whom Mr. Harding calleth a greeke Writer was a poore Schoole-master in Constantinople and wrote Saints lives which may well be called The Legend of lyes and lived Two hundred yeares agoe and not above Thus hath Helvicus placed his Simeon Constantinopolitanus in the yeare 1306. which was two

Order of the Dragon so call'd because his Knights did beare for their Devise a Dragon falling headlong pour tesmoigner que par son moyen le Schisme et l' heresie dragons devorans de la religion avoyent ' esté vaincus et supplantez And this saith he that made the booke entituled Les estats du Monde translated since by Grimston to testifie that by his meanes the Dragons of Heresie and Schisme which otherwise no doubt had destroyed religion and devoured the Church were vanquished and suppressed Much like to this in the Device is the French Order dedicated to Saint Michael instituted by King Lewis the 11. not long after Anno viz. 1469. Vnto the coller of which Order there is fastened the picture of St. Michael the Archangell combatting with the Dragon of the infernall Deepes aureaque imagine S. Michaelis draconem infernalē prosternentis pectus insigniente So saith Hospinian But this in reference rather to the encounter of St. Michael with the Dragon in the Apocalypse 7 With these the portraiture of Constantine above-mentioned and the two militarie Orders of St. Michael and the Dragon St. George as he is commonly expressed in picture holdeth good proportion and correspondence His picture as in the present times we use to draw it but ab initio non fuit sic it was not thus from the beginning For I have read it in the life of Theodorus Syceotes commonly call'd Archimandrita or Chiefe-Abbot borne in the time of the Emperour Iustinian that then St. George was onely pictured as a faire yong man richly arrayed and of an haire somewhat inclining unto yellow For so Elpidia doth describe him in the relation of her dreame to this her Grandchild Theodorus if at the least we may take this or any thing upon Surius word who fathereth this discourse upon one George a Priest the Scholler of this Ahbot Videbam fili mi dulcissime these are old Grandams words adolescentem valde formosum splendidis vestimentis ornatum aureaque fulgentem coma illi similem quem pro S. Georgio in eius historia cernimus Thus was hee pictured anciently But in the middle times hee was presented to the common view more like a man at armes mounted upon a lusty Courser a young maide kneeling by him and a fierce Dragon thrust through with a Speare gasping for life just as we see him painted but there is no mention of the young maide on our common Signe-posts A picture which in the darker and more ignorant times was thought to represent that storie which was then publish'd in the Legend which since it hath bin otherwise resolv'd by the learned of both parties that it did only represent some mysterie or allegorie hath not a litle exercis'd their wits and fancies Perkins will have it as before we noted to bee in former times a representation of our Saviour who vanquished the Divell for the deliverance of his Church in which conceit of his many Divines have closed in with him which wee then noted also out of Charles Stephanus Baronius doth conceive it to be the picture of some state or Country petitioning according to the custome of those times the ayde and helping-hand of so great a Saint against the violence of the Divell In virgino n. illa typus exprimitur more maiorum provinciae vel civitatis alicuius quae adversus diaboli vires tanti martyris imploret auxilium Villavincentius and Hyperius have applyed it to the civill Magistrate whose principall endeavours ought to aime at this that they defend the Church from the covetous tyrannie of the Oppressour the old Serpent Dr. Reynolds as hee preferres this last conceit before that of Baronius so doth he seeme to prize his owne both before this or any other With him the meaning of the embleme or picture Emblematicall must be this that all true Christians whom the Apostle calls Gods husbandrie might learne hereby how much it doth concerne them to make warre against the Dragon and to destroy him with the sword of the Spirit Vt sciant omnes Christiani quos 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dei appellat Apostolus 1. Cor. 3. militandum sibi adversus draconem Apocal. 12. eumque Dei gladio confodiendum So he in his praelections on the Apocrypho and the same words almost repeated in his booke de Rom. Idololatria For my part I rather choose for why in such variety may not I also assume the liberty of conjecture to make it at the least in part historicall as being thus contriv'd of purpose in those times and by those men which most affectionately were devoted to our Martyr to publish to posterity how bravely he refell'd the Divell how constantly hee persevered in the profession of his faith the whole Church praying with him and kneeling like the Virgin by him in that holy action that GOD would give him strength subdue that enemy the Dragon 8 How long the picture of St. George hath beene commended to us in this Knightly forme I cannot easily determine onely I will be bold to say that it is not very moderne or of small standing in the Church as may bee gathered out of the History of Nicephorus Gregoras This Author was by birth of Greece and wrote the History of that declining Empire beginning at the yeare 1200 and ending it anno 1344. about which time it is conceiv'd that he was gathered to his fathers In the 8. booke he wrote eleven in all there is a memorable storie of St. George's Horse which for the rarenesse of it and that it is so proper to the cause in hand it shall not grieve me to relate nor any Reader to peruse Primo quadragessimae Sabbato cum postridie orthodoxorum Imperatorum Patriarcharum proclamanda esset memoria tum quoque Theodorus Logotheta generalis à vespera ad nocturna sacrailla de more accessit Media verò sub nocte me astante 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 audiente quidam ab Imperatore adest novum illi nuncium apportans c. On the first Saturday in Lent the Commemoration of such godly Emperours and Patriarchs as had departed in the Faith being the morrow after to be solemnized it pleas'd the Lord high Chancellour Theodorus for so on the authority of Meursius in his Graeco-Barbara I thinke good to render 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 I say it pleas'd him to be present with us according to the custome at those night-watches About the time of midnight I stāding neere him and harkning to divine Service a Messenger in all the hast came to him frō Andro the Elder then our Emperour telling this strange newes and desiring his opinion But now saith he when as the Soldiers of the Guard Milites Imperatorij were going to their rest there was a fearfull neighing heard so upon the suddaine that it made all of us amazed the rather because there were not any Horses then about the Court all of them carried

Monasterij S. Galli a place among the Switzers His evidence compounded equally out of Bede and Vsuard the first part taken from the former the conclusion from the latter himselfe inserting this onely in the middle betweene both that after many inexpressible torments being at last beheaded he perfected that glorious worke by the effusion of his bloud In Perside civitate Diospoli passio S. Georgij Martyris qui sub Daciano Rege Persarum potentissimo qui dominabatur supra 70. Reges multis miraculis clar●●t plurimosque convertit ad fidem Christi c. hitherto out of Bede Ipse verò post multos inauditos agones novissimè decollatus Martyrium s●um sanguinis effusione consummavit Then followes out of Vsuardus Cuius gesta Passionis etsi inter Apocryphas c. as before we had it 8 In these the testimonies of Bede Rabanus Maurus and Notgerus we finde it mention'd of St. GEORGE Plurimosque ad fidem Christi convertit That hee converted many to the Faith of CHRIST And answerable hereunto Vincentius Belvacensis Ad eius praedicationem credidit S. Vincentius That by the Preaching of Saint George St. Vincent who receiv'd the crowne of Martyrdome in Spaine received the Gospell Which doubtlesse must be understood of private reasonings and friendly conference with those whose soules hee chiefly tendred not by the way of any publicke Ministery wherein hee never was intrusted And certainly the Faithfull of the times Primitive especially during the heat of Persecution did much promote the holy Gospell by such private and domesticke meanes if I may so call it passing from house to house and from man to man so to bring Peace unto the one Salvation to the other Wherefore perhaps Cecilius calls the Christians generally Latebrosam Lucifugam nationem in publico mutam in angulis garrulam A slie and corner-creeping kind of people active in private places but still and quiet in the publicke It seemes that some not well acquainted with the calling and condition of our Martyr have made him very famous in the arts of Preaching as one that first converted the Armenians and Iberi now call'd Georgians For Michael ab Ysselt a Low-Countrey-writer telling what Honours by that people are afforded to St. George relates it thus Cur verò tanto in honore habeant D. illum Georgium causam nonnulli afferunt quòd ille primus ad fidem Christi Armenos Iberosque convertisset But whosoever those nonnulli are that so report it they are no question in an errour there being in the Ecclesiasticall historians another and more likely meanes of their conversion on which this Michael doth reflect in these wordes that follow Licèt alij illud cuiusdam puellae miraculis virtutibus tribuunt 9 In the next place wee have the suffrage of Vincentius Bishop of Beau-vein in France Anno 1250. A man of that deepe learning that the great Schoole-man Thomas Aquinas is supposed and Bellarmine can hardly save him harmelesse in it to take a great part of his Prima secundae and secunda secundae word for word out of the first and third bookes of this Vincents speculum morale He in the 12 th booke of his speculum historiale doth report the story thus Sub persecutione Daciani in divers passages before he call's him Dacianus Praeses venit de Cappadocia Georgius miles Qui videns Christianorum augustias erogatis omnibus quae habebat militarem vestem exuit et indutus veste Christianorum in medium sacrificantium se obiecit atque in conspectu omnium exclamavit dicens Omnes dij gentiū daemonia Dominus autem coelos fecit Cui statim Dacianus ira repletus ait Qua praesumptione vel dignitate hoc audes vt deos nostros daemones esse dicas Dic tamen unde es et quomodo vocaris qui respondit Christianus sum Georgius vocor genere et militia Cappadocus sed cuncta deserui vt liberiùs Deo coeli servirem c. During the persecution rais'd by the President or Lieutenant generall Dacianus came George a Cappadocian Knight into the Court. Who seeing into what miserable streights the poore Christians were driven making a doale of all hee had put off his military or Knightly habit and manifesting that hee was a Christian hee rush'd into the middest of the Idolaters and in the hearing of them all cryed out that All the deities off the gentiles were but divels and that it was the Lord onely which had made the heavens To whom the President With what presumption or upon confidence of what high dignity doest thou affirme that our gods are divels tell us thy name and whence thou art Who presently return'd this answere I am saith he a Christian my name George my countrey Cappadocia and there of honourable ranke but I have willingly abandoned all to serve the God of heaven with greater freedome c. And in the close of all martyrizatus autem est in Perside civitate Diospoli he suffered in Diospolis a cittie of the Persians on the 23. of April To this agree's in the maine of it Iacobus de Voragine● Georgius tribunus genere Cappadox c. George one of the Tribunes by birth a Cappadocian c. The next that followeth is that doughtie storie of the Lybian Dragon which told he closeth in with the relation of Vincentius The like doth also Antoninus Florentinus of both which I have spoke already Onely the last hath noted that the historie of George is reckoned as Apocryphall not that he was no Martyr but that there are some passages there scarce worthie credit Ponitur autem Legenda cius inter Apocryphas Scripturas non quin verè Martyr fuerit pro confessione nominis Christi sed propter quaedam quae notantur in ea de veritate dubia Which passages I also have observ'd already To end this section the booke entituled Fasciculus temporum written by a Carthusian Monke of the 14 th Centurie and printed in the yeere 1476. by Conradus Hoemborche ad Annum 291. pag. 33. doth ranke our George among the Martyrs of that yeere between Pantaleon and Iustus 10 The witnesse next to be examined is of Greece Nicephorus Callistus who liv'd about the yeare 1305. Andronicus the Elder then reigning in Constantinople to whom he dedicates his booke Who being sworne and examined saith as followeth Eisdem quoque temporibus the time of DIOCLETIANS furie Georgius ille magni inter ceriatores istos nominis agminis Martyrum Coryphaeus laborum pro Christo toleratorum veros fruetus percepit Hic in Cappadocia natus adhu● adolescens forma praestanti qui nondum primani produxisset lanuginem fortissimè certaminibus pro Christo perferendis martyrium obijt Captus enim quòd in daemones acriter invectus esset Imperatorumque impietatem derisisset supra naturae captum perquam acerbos sustinuit cruciatus Nam post carcerem vincula ungulae acutae cum excepare mox

Temple of Hierusalem Those of Samaria and some Schismatickes of Iewrie with them had built themselves a Temple on Mount Garizim which Temple they contended before Ptolomie Philometor King of Egypt to bee more ancient and more orthodoxe than that so celebrated by the Iewes A question hereupon arising ANDRONICVS a learned and religious Iew tooke on him the defence of the true Temple as Advocate for those of Iudah against Sabbaus and Theodosius Proctors for the Samaritanes The day of hearing come and Ptolomie in presence Andronicus had licence graunted by his Adversaries first to proceed unto his proofes themselves not yet resolved so it appear'd what might bee sayd in theyr owne quarrell Hee did so and hee prooved his cause by three sorts of Arguments first from the letter of the Law then from the constant and continuall succession of the high Priests and lastly That the Kings of Asia had vouchsafed to Honour it with many costly presents and rich offerings 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 So farre the Storie The application of it this Wee have already verified the Cause of our St. GEORGE although not from the letter of the Law it selfe yet from the practise of the Church which is the fairest Commentarie that was ever made upon that letter and wee have proved it from the succession of so many severall Authors most of them Priests and other publicke Monuments of antiquitie which since his time the severall ages of the Church successively have given us It now remayneth that wee make mention of those Honours which have beene done unto him by the Princes of the most parts of Christendome That so there may bee nothing wanting by which Saint George may bee restored unto his Honour and his Historie asserted The issue of the former businesse was this that those of Counsell for the Schismatickes and Samaritans had nothing to reply and so the sentence was pronounced in favour of the Iewes Our method is the same our evidence as faire our proofes as pregnant and therefore wee presume of equall favour in the judgement Namque aequum reor as Tullie hath it ut qui in eadem causa fuerunt in eadem etiam essent fortuna 3 And first not to say any thing of that which hath beene sayd already or shall be sayd hereafter touching those Churches which by severall Kings and Princes have beene erected to his Honour Wee will begin with those particulars of this last ranke of proofes which come most neare it and which reflect upon him onely as a Saint Of this kinde are those many Monasteries and Houses of religious persons which have beene founded partly to his Honour and dedicated by his Name The first of which that built by Hildericus King of Lorreine or Austrasia Anno 660. founded Ad deserta loca montis Vosagi the mountainous parts of the Province of Alsatia and dedicated to the blessed Virgin the two Apostles Saint Peter and Saint Paul and to Saint George Fundavit ibi sayth the learned and judicious Munster Hildericus Rex Austrasiae Anno 660. monasterium Abbatiam ordinis S. Benedicti in honorem gloriosa virginis Mariae Apostolorum Petri Pauli atque S. Georgij Yet notwithstanding that such and so many blessed spirits were joyned with him in the dedication it seemeth that the greatest honour of it was conferred upon St. GEORGE the whole adioyning Countrey being call'd St. George's valley Vnde et locus ille atque vallis vo catus est vallis S. Georgij as that Author hath it Wee reade also in the same Munster of two other Monasteries of that Order entituled by his name and both in Germanie but the time of the Foundation not specified one of them built by the Lord of Degernow the other by one WILLIAM the Abbat of some other Convent of the same Order The second Monasterie which wee meete with dedicated unto Saint GEORGE is that in Venice erected as HOSPINIAN tells us by TRIBUNUS MEVIUS once Duke of that State and Cittie Anno 975. In which HOSPINIAN also and the same Booke of his wee finde Saint GEORGE'S Abbey an house of Benedictine Monkes founded about the yeare 996. by the most excellent Princesse HEDINGE Duchesse of Bavaria Anno 1005 ab Henrico secundo Steinam translatum c. Which after in the yeare 1005. was by the Emperour Henry of that name the second translated from those unpeopled Mountaines where before it was and setled in Steinberg a Towne of Suevia Another of Saint George's Abbeyes we reade of also in the same Authour founded at Ausbourg a principall Cittie of those parts of Germanie by Walter Byshop of that City anno 1142. 4 Nor did the fruitfull devotion of those times employ it selfe onely in consecrating houses of Religious persons by his name and to his memory but sometimes the Religious folke themselves were dedicated to his name and wore his livery Of this kind were St. GEORGE'S Canons an order of new Regulars founded at Venice called by the Cardinall in his Chronologie Ordo S. Georgij de Alga by Pol. Virgil Canonici D. Georgij in Alga The founder of them Laurentius Iustinianus a Venetian by birth and the first Patriarch of that City famous for long time doctrina sanctitate miraculis for learning sanctitie and miracles Borne in the yeare 1381. and at the first a Canon Regular as they use to call them in opposition to those Canons which had forgot their name and became Secular Anno 1426. made Byshop of Venice and after by Pope Nicholas the fifth created as before I said the first Patriarch of that Citie anno 1450. in which great dignity hee continued five yeares longer and than dyed By Bellarmine the institution of this order is referred ad annum 1410. when hee was yet a private man no lesse than sixteene yeares before his consecration Pol. Virgil acquaints us with the founder of these new Regulars in which the Cardinall is silent but tells us nothing of the time and addes withall that their habit is of blew or watchet Canonici D. Georgij in Alga saith he Venctijs à Laurentio Iustiniano instituti caeruleo utuntur habitu Hospinian mentioneth two latter broodes of the same name and order of which the one candidus planè est is distinguished by their white habit the other Extra monasterium atri coloris chlamydem assumit is apparelled all in blacke They are obliged to no profession Their Order I meane that founded by Iustinian was ratified by Iohn the 22 th or as Balaeus by Gregory the 12 th 5 In the next place we are to looke uppon the honours done unto our Martyr as superstitiously conceiv'd to be the Patron of the military men the fighting Saint as Mr. Purchas though little reverently calls him Reges enim in militari conflictu S. Georgium invocare solitos c. For that the greatest Princes used to call upon Saint GEORGE in