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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A05089	A petition directed to Her Most Excellent Maiestie wherein is deliuered 1. A meane howe to compound the ciuill dissention in the Church of England, 2. A proofe that they who write for reformation, do not offend against the stat. of 23. Eliz. c.2. and therefore till matters be compounded, deserue more fauour ... : here vnto is annexed, some opinions of such as sue for reformation ... : also, certayne articles vvherein is discouered the negligence of the bishoppes ... : lastlie, certayne questions or interrogatories dravvn by a fauourer of reformation ...	Barrow, Henry, 1550?-1593.	1591 (1591)	STC 1522A; ESTC S1453	68,920	84

sermon at Oxforde this testimony of Maister Nowell to proue that men by authoritie might speake in defence of gouernement by Elders To be short I haue shewed that my L. of Canterburie and the other Bb. That D. Co●●ns and the aduertiser doe in writing reproue many things coūtenanced by law as excommunication by lay Chauncellours Nonresidence Ignoraunt ministers the milde punishment of Adultery Subscription and such like and yet these men be not deemed indited conuict or attaint as diffamers of her maiesty and felons by this statute Such be our times that Iisdem de causis alij plectantur alij ne appellentur quidem Thus much may serue touching the accusation of diffaming of our Soueraine Ladie the Queenes most excellēt maiesty Now it remaineth to consider how iustly the writers for Reformation be charged with rebellion VVHereas the aduersaries to Reformation do take as a principle that whosoeuer writeth to worke a disc●●tentment in the mindes of the subiectes doe intende a rebellion That is a most vntrewe assertion and sophistical paralogisme For although Rebellion doth grow of Discontentement yet all discontentement doth not bring forth rebellion or if the writinge against the state of Bishops shoulde moue some men to discontentment who being discontented should stirre vp rebelliō yet it doeth not followe that the writers against the Bb. were rebels as this stat doeth intende For the writers must write Aduisedlie and of purpose to stirre rebellion So that if a man write in humble loyall and duetiful manner hauing no purpose and intent to worke rebellion though rebellion should here of insue yet could not such a writer without great iniustice be drawn within this statute For he can not be a felon that hath not a felonious intent and purpose Christ by his preaching had wrought such a dislike of the Priests and their proceedinges in the mindes of his Disciples that one of thē in defence of his Maister did strike of the eare of Marchus a seruant of purseuant of the high priestes yet the Priestes did not charge Christ with this outrage of his Disciple For albeit Christ did speake against the Rulers Priests in his time drawing after him many dislikers of that present state yet Christ neuer meant to woorke in mens mindes a discontentement which should bring forth mutinies or rebellion but amendement and reformation In like manner these Seek of Reformation haue descried manie supposed abuses in the church gouuernement they beare vs in hande that there is another forme of Ruling the church more agreeable to the Scriptures then this which we haue receyued They write to lay open the faultes of the one the necessitie and profit of the other that the one beeing remoued by lawful autho●itie the other by like authoritie might be entertained For considering that hir Maiestie and Lordes without the Commons can not by the order of our state reforme the abuses imperfections of the laws it is requisite that the Commons of this land should be acquainted with the wants both of the Church and common wealth For euery man and woman of this Realme is partie and priuie to all Actes of Parliament Their assent is needefull to the making of euery lawe In their name and as the deputies the Knightes Burgesses are present and haue voices in the Parliament Nowe howe shoulde the commons their Knightes and Burgesses conceyue what is amis●e in the Lawes and state but by publike writings for that purpose That hauing deepelie weighed and pondered what and how thinges should be reformed they might be able in time of Parliament after the lawfull and laudable custome of this Realme to take order for them according to knowledge A few daies or weekes are are not sufficient throughly to examine what may bee said what should be done in these matters Wherefore if these Seekers of Reformation should by publike writinge in duetifull and Christian sorte communicate to hir Maiestie the Lordes and commons of this Realme the enormities of the state to the ende that they in their Parliamentes should reforme the same though some of the Commons should take occasion herevpon desperately and vndutifullie to rebell yet the Seekers of Reformation coulde not iustly be condemned as aduised and malitious mouers of rebellion Much lesse can their writinges which haue as yet neuer effected nor affected rebellion be deemed rebellions Their writing for Reformation doeth rather prooue that they bee not rebells For if they purposed a rebellion they would rather tumultuouslie rise vp and reforme thinges them selues then write bookes to moue the Queenes Maiestie the ●ords and Commons in their Parliaments to lay their handes to reformation They that be not blinded with malice do see wel that the Ministers who seeke Reformation doe preache true obedience to the Magistrates with greater zeale and sincerity then any Bishop in this lande It is not oriously knowen that they teach as an article of their faith That no subiect or seruaunt ought to rebell against his Prince or Maisters though hee bee cruell and frowarde but rather shoulde meekely suffer oppression and violence at their handes They teach that the lawes must either be performed by obeying them or else the punishment for not yeelding vnto thē patiently suffered and vndertaken Therefore howsoeuer they write to bring a discontentment into mens mindes yet they would not haue the subiect to intrude vpon the Magistrates office much lesse to rebell against his Soueraine Furthermore if all they that write to bring the people to adiscontentement and dislike of the authorized gouuernement doe write of purpose to moue rebellion then doe the lawes the Bishops and whole state of Englande intende a rebellion I proued that both the lawes Bishops of this lande doe expect a further reformation which can not be accomplished vnlesse hir Maiestie the Ll. and commons be drawen to a discontentement and dis●ike of the present state For amendement and redresse can neuer follow but where discontentement goeth before ●ikewise it is prooued that the Church of Englande hath seene allowed and suffered to be printed and publikely solde diuerse bookes which doe speake most effectualli● against the state of ●orde Bishops I shewed that bookes wherin the Lordship of Bb. hath bene cōdemned haue bene allowed by expresse act of Parliament I shewed also that the gouernement by Elders is approued in books which are commended by the Bb. to be fully grounded vpon Gods worde which are commanded to be taught learned throughout this Realme If it be rebellion to worke a dislike discontentement in the state of Lord Bb. If it bee rebellion to commende the reformed gouernement by Elders then doth the state of England intende a rebellion against hir Maiestie But God forbid that we should thinke so dishonorably or dis●oyally of our Christian State though it hath wrought in mens mindes a dislike of the present Church-gouernement If then this argument be vaine

and printed by authoritie 3 The testimonie of the principall Diuines in Europe 4 The vntoward ruling of the Bb. 5 And the apparant vtilitie by gouerning Elders doe lye as offensiue stumbling blockes in their way To the ende that these men may haue more mercifull acceptation and may not be subiect and lie open to the bloudie desires of their aduersaries whereof no doubt some bee hollowe harted papistes and some without God in this worlde who neither regarde Religion Prince Bishop or Countrie but with their own ease and aduantage I haue vnder the fauour of better iudgement taken in hande to pleade not for any landes or tenementes but for the liues of your Maiesties most loyall subiectes and Gods faithfull seruauntes for God may haue great interest in them though they erre in Discipline whom some do drawe within the statute of Newes because they doe write for Reformation The wordes of the statute Be these If anie shall aduisedly and with a malicious intent deuise vvrite c. anie manner of booke writing c. containing false seditious and slaunderous matter to the diffamation of the Queenes Maiestie that nowe is or to the incouraging stirring or mouing of rebellion or insurrection within this Realme hee shall suffer and forfait as a fel●n From this law it is thus reasoned VVhosoeuer write bookes to the diffamation of her Maiestie and to raise rebellion doe offende against this Statute and are felons They that write for Reformation make bookes to diffame the Queene and raise rebellion Therefore the writers for Reformation offende against this statute and are felons They proue the first parte of the Minor in this m●ner They that diffame the Bb. who bee members of h●r Maiesties body politike and vphelde by hir lawes doe diffame the Queene They that write for Reformation diffame the Bb. c. Touching the second point in the Minor the followers of the Bishops would proue that the seekers of Reformation doe write to stirre and moue Rebellion First by argument drawn● from the generall scope of their writings Secondly by particular supposed mutinous and rebellius sentences scattered in the bookes written in defence of Reformation Their generall argument is to this effect They that write to worke discontentment in the mindes of the subiects against the gouernement receiued doe write to mooue a rebellion For Discontentment is the mother of Rebellion The Seek of Reformation write to worke a discontentment in the mindes of the subiectes against the gouernment receiued Therefore they write to moue a Rebellion The supposed mutinous speaches which they gather out of the bookes which speake for Reformation are these D. Banc. sayeth that Martin threatneth Fists Others obiect a place in Martin Senior where hee mentioneth a hundred thousande handes and saith That these so manie togither would str●ke a great stroke D. Cosins citeth one Fran. Iunius pag. 28. who holdeth That people may resist the Princes that hinder the Presbyteries And that in the seconde Admonition pag. 29. it is sayd That many thousandes in Englande desire that platforme and that greate troubles wil come of it if they be withstoode in their deuises c. If I were perswaded that any seeker of Reformatiō did intende either to diffame hir Maiestie or to raise rebellion I am so farre from approuing his fact or writing in his defence that I adiudge him rather to be punished as a traytor then a felon But because I assure my selfe that they bee guiltlesse of these crimes in tender regarde of innocencie and of hir Maiesties most godly lawes which ought not to bee peruerted I haue at tempted to aunswere the quarelles of their aduersaries in this behalfe Saluo semper meliore iudicio Which clause I will haue to runne and reache from the beginninge to the midsts from the midsts to the end● of all this treatise For answere to the first point in the argument I doe make good that Admit the Seek of Reformation doe diffame the Bb. who bee members of her Maiesties bodie politike and vphelde by hir lawes yet they doe not diffame the Queene as this statute intendeth In my vnderstanding there be two generall Bodies politike in this lande The one the Bodie politike of the Realme the other The Bodie politike of hir Maiestie The bodie politike of the Realme is All the people in the common wealth contracted and distinguished into the Three states of the Parliament The first is the Queenes Maiestie The second The Lordes The thirde The Commons The Bb. be not one of the Three states though Matthewe Sutcliffe shoulde affirme it twenty times vnlesse he will turne out either the Queene the Lords or the Commons and assigne their place to the Bishops Although the Bb. since the time of H. 11. Haue beene present in the Kings Courtes with other Barons till the matter came to the losse of limme or life for at such time by the lawes they are to auoyde the place And although they are de facto intituled as Authours of our Statutes yet I holde that this is onelie of grace and fauour and de iure or by necessarie right For our Princes as was conuenient at the assembly of their Parliamentes haue vsed to call the Bb. so long as they vvere taken for godly and learned into their consultations that did concerne the state of the Church but yet they haue not so inthralled themselues to the aduise and assent of Bb. as if no statute might be of force without them as the Bishops doe nowe to boldelie insinuate For many lawes haue bin made and do yet stande in force the Bb. being absent or vtterly refusing to assent vnto them as is expresly proued and shewed out of the statutes and Parliament rolles by Maister Iewell Maister N●well Maister Fox Maister Bilson and Maister Lambert a learned lawier of Lincolns Inne Wherefore seeing the Bb. according to their dignities bee none of the three states of the Parliament or of the Bodie politike of the Realme no otherwise then common subiects be in which respect they are not diffamed it can not be taken that in this sence they bee members of hir Maiesties Body politike and therefore the diffaming of them doeth no more touch the Queene then the diffamation of a common subiect whic● fault is otherwise preuented then by the punishment due to felons The general● Bodie politike of hir Maiestie is as I conceiue all the Officers and Magistrates of this lande who deriue all their authoritie either mediatelie or immediatelie from the Queene In which regarde the Bb. be members of hir bodie politike drawing from hir Highnes their ciuill authoritie and lordship For their ecclesiasticall authoritie hath bene heretofore deduced from hir Maiestie but I see that of late they begin to claime it from God as the Queene doeth hir Crowne But howsoeuer the Bishops claime their worldly state or spiritual primacie the

su●plication as before hee had mentioned to her maiesty that they vvould make aunswere that to deale in such a suite were to rebell to pull the Crowne off her Highnes head to make a faction to vvrest the scepter out of her Maiesties hande and to shake off all authoritie A wonderfull thing sayeth he● it is that humblie and duetifullie to entreate should in the English tongue signifie by vnbrideled force vnduetifullie to compell and that to seeke the remoouing of vnlawefull callinges out of the Church should bee to threaten that the lawefull Magistrate shoulde bee thrust out of the common vvealth Thus farre writeth this Martin explaning fullie that though it was like the Bb. woulde peruert and mi●conster his wordes as if he meant to moue rebellion that yet notwithstanding he went about no other thing but to incline the magistrate by his owne authority to reforme all matters that were amisse That an hundred thousand hands would strike a great stroke in this suite hath no other sence then this that if her maiesty should vnderstand that an hundred thousand of her most louing and loyall subiectes should subscribe to such a petition it would greatly mooue her Highnes to accept the same This phrase is vsuall and knovven to an English man For we vse to saye the cause hath receyued a great blowe or a great stroke So D. Bridges writing against Lordship of Bb. sayeth that vos autem non sic striketh dead that is vtterlie ouerthroweth Lordly author●tie in the Ministers A man by wresting of such speaches as this might make the best subiect in this Realme a very traytor if his writing and speaking were well obserued But let traitours be traitours and rebels be rebells and suffer as is due to traytours or rebells God forbid that a Tropologicall or Metaphoricall speach without intendement of anie harme should come within the compasse of treason or rebellion Touching the wordes of Franc. Iunius we desire D. Consins to take a little paines in shewing which Franc. Iunius he meaneth If he vnderstand Fra●ciscus Iunius the famous learned man who with Tremellius translated and of late hath reviewed the Bible who hath also writen a whole booke in defence of the Eldership and Discipline he doeth that worthie man exceeding wrong It can not be proued that euer he wrote any such thing But if he meane one who calleth him selfe Stephen Iunius in a booke against tyrants whom peraduenture it pleased D. Cosins of purpose to call Franc. Iunius that men might suppose a louer of the Eldership to be a fauourer of treason I aunswere that this Stephen Iunius doth not mention the Praesbyteries in all his booke And whether he doth approue any such Eldership it doeth not appeare or if hee helde anie such frensie as D. Cossins fasteneth vppon him the Seek of Reform doe disclaime him That many thousandes in Englande Desire the Discipline is true and the number doeth increase daily That great trouble would come of it if it were not admitted hath appeared For we see howe schismatikes doe trouble the Church and what endles writing is on both sides and all touching this Discipline that yet wanteth But what is here that carieth the countenance of any sedition or rebellion vnlesse D. Cosins thinketh there can bee no trouble but in rebellious and warlike order D. Bancroft not finding pregnent matter for his purpose at home to giue shewe that the Seekers of Reformation bee rebellious he maketh roade into Scotlande challenging those Churches as his friendes the Papistes had done before That the Scottishe Ministers who fauour Discipline haue abused their King preaching factions and seditious doctrine treading vpon his scepter imitating the papall iurisdiction labouring to establishe an ecclesiasticall tyrannie of an infinite iurisdiction putting the King in daunger of his life whereupon the King ouerthrewe their presbytertes and restored the Bishops to their places And galloping on the way in this order he making in effect that right noble Christian King hir Maiesties most neere friende and knisman a ●lat hypocrite grounding himselfe vppon a booke counterfait by the gracelesse Archbishop of S t Andrewes in the Kings name Wherevnto the King neuer assented as the Ministers can shewe by his Royall letters yet reserued in Edinborowe the wicked Prelate since that time hauing sought to be reconciled to the Ministers whome hee slaundered Which thing you may the rather beleeue if you consider that the King hath taken so good liking of the Ministers the Presbyteries that he hath made publike protestation to mainteine the fame while he liueth And to subiect the Nobilitie therevnto Likewise when the King reade D. Banc. booke and came to the pag 75. where the Doctor chargeth him to be an hypocrite or dissembler The King vppon the margent of the booke did write these wordes My speking vvriting and actions were and are euer one vv●tthout dissembling or bearing vp at any time what euer I thought Ergo Castes the libell ne quid asperius that is Therefore the Doctor sayeth vntruely that I vse no rougher wordes Signed thus I. R. that is Iacobus Rex Iames the King The same Doctor bringeth in some forraine authoures whom he saieth were fauoures of Discipline yet brochers of rebellious and straunge propositions These authours did write either against such as they accounted vsurpers or Princes by election popishe tyrants such as hated our religion they did not write aginst any protestant Prince neither in defence of the Disciplice but rather of the doctrine which is nowe mainteined in Englande As D Bancroft doth alleadge these authours to proue the Discipline to bee trayterous and rebellious so the papistes do alleadge the same mē to proue that the doctrine of the Protestantes is seditious The allegation doeth holde against both alike Our Religion doeth not depende vpon the opinions of one or two men Where one fauourer of the Eldership hath written trayterously I coulde produce fiue hundred who were mainteiners of the Hierarchie and ranke traytors Our English Bish. haue resisted rebelled and deposed many kings of England They haue most sawcilie abused the Nobilitie as might bee shewed I heare of none that either attempted or effected treason or rebellion against hir Maiesty but papists all such do approue the princip●lity and iurisdiction of L1 Bb. Thus farre haue ● proued as I hope sufficientlie that it is not lawfull or agreeable to the trewe intent of this sta●ute to iudge these writers for Reformation as diffamers of hir Maiestie or rebels and therefore that they ought not suffer as felons Some haue helde that though it be not consonant to the lawes of England that the Bishops should presse the othe ex officio as they vse to doe yet that it is expedient they shoulde continue their proceedings as they haue begunne if any in the same conceite should holde that albeit it is not lawfull to execute the Seekers of

that is to be ordeined and put a pastorall staffe into his hande If the Archbishops did not esteeme these as vaine ceremonies they would vrge them with as great vehemency vpon Bb. as they doe Surplesses vpon ministers 3 My L. of Canterb in his booke against Maister Cartw. sayeth That Chauncellours who are not Ministers should not excommunicate The authours of the Remonstrance and Matthewe S●tcliffes bookes defenders of the Hierarchie by writing thinke it a most vnmeete thing that such as bee no ministers of the worde should meddle with the keies of the Church yet the contrary is daily vsed 4 The Bishop of London confesseth That he made his Porter minister and the other Bb. doe acknowledge That manie lewde and vnlearned ministers haue beene made of late in Englande which they will not seeme to defende Besides they say Wee haue yet but a tollerable manner of reformation all which doe euince a further reformation 5 D. Cosins one of the high Commissioners writeth That the punishment of Adulterie is to milde 6 A learned man and friend of the Bb. noteth as abuses Their vrging of Subscription Their oth ex officio Their excommunication for trifles and easie silencing of ministers 4 The suspicious and doubtfull handling of the controuersed matters imployeth some neede of reformation and conference 1 My L. of Cant. speaking of the maine controuersie touching gouernement By Seni. or Elders sayeth That hee knoweth that the primitiue Church had in euery Church certaine Seniors to whome the gouernement of the Congregation was committed In a booke against the Marprelate subscribed as I haue heard by the Archb. of Cant. the Bb. of Winch. Linc. London it is affirmed that the gouernement by Elders was vsed vnder the Lawe and practised vnder the Gospell by the Apostles though not fit for our times But repenting this plaine confession they haue caused certaine wordes importing the contrarie to be printed vpon a shred of paper which paper was pasted in all the bookes of the first impression to couer conceale their former assertion 2 The Remonstrance comming after holdeth there vvas neuer any gouernement by Elders in the Church but yeeldeth that if the Eldership begun in the Lawe and continued in the Gospell that then it shoulde stande to the worldes ende For somuch as is prescribed in the new lawe no prescription ought to bee made against it Vpon which crosse assertions laide one vppon another the aduerse partie may presse out the conclusion of all the controuersie If the Eldership begun in the Lawe and continued in the Gospell then no prescription may be made against it but it shoulde stande for euer So saith the Remonst But the Eldership begun in the Law and continued in the Gospell So say the Bb. Therefore no prescription may be made against the Eldership but it shoulde stande for euer 3 But one Matthewe Sutcliffe comming after these controlleth both for he protesteth there was neuer anie gouernment by Elders vnder the Gospell or if there were yet the gouernement vsed by the Apost is changeable not of necessitie to bee continued Not content herein to make the rent of our Church deeper then euer it was hee hath openlie in latine defaced forreine Churches of whom D. Whitgift and other haue alwayes written honorably that wee might not onely be at warre within our selues but with straungers also Whereby it is likely there will arise as daungerous trouble to the Churches about Discipline as hath growen by the question of Consubstantiation to the great offence of the common aduersarie and generall disquiet of all Christendome Touching the state of Bb. diuers who nowe most egerly defende when they were nearest to God that is in miserie anguishe of soule did speake against it but afterwarde inclining to the worlde with their conditions they altered their opinions 1 Maister Elmar nowe Bishop of London writeth thus Christ sayeth Luc. 1. 2. Who made me a Iudge betweene you As though hee woulde saie It belongeth not to my office to determine matters of pollicie and inheritance that belongeth to the ciuill Magistrate If hee had thought it had beene within the compasse of his function why and with what conscience refused bee to set them at one who were at strife and to put that out of doubt which was in sute If hee might doe it and woulde not hee lacked charitie and did not his duetie If it belonged not to him howe belonged it to anie of his Disciples or successours Had not bee as large a commiss●on as he gaue Or coulde bee giue that he had not But hee knowing his office as the Prophete Esay had foretolde to preach the 〈◊〉 and woulde doe nothing without warrant And therefore being asked if hee were a King answered si●plie and by a plaine negatiue My ki●gdome is not of this worlde If his kingdome were not here neither the ordering of pollicies c. Yea when they woulde haue taken him vp to haue made him a King as one that refused that belonged not to him hee conueyed him-selfe from amonge them If Imperiall iurisdiction belonged to him why refused hee his calling If it did not where had Paul or any other anie authoritie to meddle with that which hee refused Seeing hee sayeth As my Father sent mee so sende I you In another place Christ knowinge the bondes of his calling woulde not medle with externe pollicie c. Diuines methinkes by this example shoulde not giue them-selues too much the bridle and too large a scope to meddle too farre with matters of pollicie If these two offices I meane ecclesiasticall and ciuill bee so ●umbled in both functions there can bee no quiet or well ordered common wealth And againe Princes of the Nations doe heare rule like Lords it shall not bee so with you It falleth not into an Apostles or Church-mans office to meddle with such matters For none going to warre intangleth him selfe with the affaires of this life it is enough for them to waite vpon one office to attende as sole priestes not as errant Baylliffes And elswhere Come off yee Bishops away with your superfluities yeelde vp your thousandes bee content with hundreds as they bee in other reformed Churches where there be as great learned men as you are Let your portion bee priestlike and not Princelike Let the Queene haue the rest of your temporalities to mainetaine warres and to builde schooles throughout the Realme that euerie parishe Church may haue his Preacher euery Citie hir Superintendent to liue not pompeouslie Which will neuer bee vnless your landes bee dispersed and bestowed vpon manie which nowe feede and fat but one Remember that Ab●nelech when Dauid in his banishment woulde haue dined with him kept such hospitalitie that hee had no breade to giue him but the Shewb●ead Where was all his superfluitie to keepe your pretended