gather as it were a compleat hody of arts and sciences which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that are either altogether vnknowne or become doubtfull through the ouermuch curiositie of fine wits again other matters are deciphered in such long discourses that they are tedious to the readers insomuch as they loath and abhor them A difficult enterprise it is therfore to make old stuffe new to giue authoritie credit to nouelties to polish and smooth that which is worne and out of vse to set a glosse and lustre vpon that which is dim and darke to grace countenance things disdained to procure beleefe to matters doubtful in one word to reduce nature to all and al to their own nature And verily to giue the attempt only and shew a desire to effect such a desseigne as this although the same be not brought about and compassed were a braue and magnificent enterprise Certes of this spirit am I that those learned men and great students who making no stay but breaking through al difficulties haue preferred the profit of posteritie before the tickling and pleasure of itching eares in these daies which I may protest that I haue aimed at not in this worke only but also in other of my bookes alreadie and I professe that I wonder much at T. Livius otherwise a most renowned famous writer who in a preface to one of his books of the Roman history which hee cōpiled from the foundation of Rome thus protested That hee had gotten glorie ynough by his former writing and might sit still now take his ease but that his mind was so restlesse and so ill could abide repose that contrariwise it was fed and nourished with trauel nothing else But surely me thinks in finishing those Chronicles he should in dutie haue respected the glory of that people which had conquered the World and aduanced the honour of the Romane name rather than displaied his owne praise and commendation Ywis his demerit had beene the greater to haue continued his story as he did for loue of the subiect matter and not for his priuat pleasure to haue I say performed that peece of worke more to gratifie the state of Rome than to content his owne minde and affection As touching my selfe forasmuch as Domitius Piso saith That bookes ought to be treasuries store houses indeed and not bare and simple writings I may be bold to say and averre That in 36 bookes I haue comprised 20000 things all worthie of regard consideration which I haue recollected out of 2000 volumes or therabout that I haue diligently read and yet very few of them there be that men learned otherwise and studious dare meddle withall for the deepe matter and hidden secrets therein contained and those written by 100 seuerall elect and approued authors besides a world of other matters which either were vnknowne to our forefathers and former writers or else afterward inuented by their posteritie And yet I nothing doubt that many things there be which either surpasse our knowledge or else our memorie hath ouerslipt for men we are and men emploied in many affaires Moreouer considered it would be that these studies wee follow at vacant times and stolne houres that is to say by night season onely to the end that you may know how wee to accomplish this haue neglected no time which was due vnto your seruice The daies we wholly employ and spend in attendance about your person we sleepe onely to satisfie nature euen as much as our health requireth and no more contenting our selves with this reward That whiles wee study and muse as Varro saith vpon these things in our closet we gaine so many houres to our life for surely we liue then only when we watch and be awake Considering now those occasions those lets and hinderances aboue-named I had no reason to presume or promise much but in that you haue emboldened me to dedicate my bookes vnto you your selfe performeth whatsoeuer in me is wanting not that I trust vpon the goodnesse and worth of the worke so much as that by this means it will be better esteemed and shew more vendible for many things there be that seeme right deare and be holden for pretious only because they are consecrate to some sacred temples As for vs verily we haue written of you all your father Vespasian your selfe and your brother Domitian in a large volume which wee compiled touching the historie of our times beginning there where Aufidius Bassus ended Now if you demand and aske me Where that historie is I answer that finished it was long since and by this time is iustified and approued true by your deeds otherwise I was determined to leaue it vnto my heire and giue order that it should be published after my death lest in my life time I might haue bin thought to haue curried fauour of those whose acts I seemed to pen with flatterie beyond all truth And therfore in this action I do both them a great fauour who haply were minded before me to put forth the like Chronicle and the posteritie also which shall come after who I make reckning and know will enter into the lists with vs like as we haue done with our predecessors A sufficient argument of this my good mind frank hart that way you shal haue by this That in the front of these books now in hand I haue set down the very names of those writers whose help I haue vsed in the compiling of thē for I haue euer bin of this opinion That it is the part of an honest minded man one that is ful of grace modesty to confesse frank ly by whom he hath profited gottē any good not as many of those vnthankful persons haue done whom I haue alledged for my authors For to tell you a plain truth know thus much from me that in conferring thē together about this worke of mine I haue met with some of our moderne writers who word for word haue exemplified copied out whole books of old authors and neuer vouchsafed so much as the naming of them but haue taken their labors trauels to themselues And this they haue not done in that courage and spirit to imitate yea to match them as Virgil did Homer much lesse haue they shewed that simplicitie and apert proceeding of Cicero who in his bookes of Policie and Common-weale professeth himselfe to hold with Plato in his Consolatorie Epistle written to his daughter confesseth and saith plainely thus I follow Crantor and Panaetius likewise in his Treatise concerning Offices Which worthy monuments of his as you know well deserue not onely to be seene handled and read daily but also to be learned by heart euery word Certes I hold it for a point of a base and seruile mind and wherein there is no goodnesse at al to chuse rather to be surprised and taken in theft than to bring home borrowed good or to repay a due debt
the bodie and what things with tast onely will allay hunger and quench thirst In summe this Booke containerh notable things stories and obseruations 2270. Latine Authors cited M. Varro Hyginus Scropha Sarcena Celsus Cornelius Aemilius Macer Virgil Columella Iulius Aquila who wrate of the Tuscane discipline Tarquilius who likewise wrote of the same and Vmbritius that trauelled in that argument Cato Censorius Domitius Calvinus Trogus Melissus Favonius Fabianus Mutianus Nigidius Manilius and Opius Forreine Writers Aristotle Democritus Neoptolemus who wrote Militurgia Aristomachus who likewise made a Treatise of the same and Philistus also that did the like Nicander Menecrâ—…tes Dionysius that translated Mago Empedocles Callimachus K. Attalus Apollodorus who wrote of venomous beasts Hippocrates Eriphilus Erasistratus Asclepius Themiso Posidonius the Stoicke the two Menanders one of Priene and the other of Heraclea Euphronius of Athens Theophrastus Hesiodus and K. Philometor ¶ IN THE TWELFTH BOOKE ARE CONTAIned discourses of Trees Chap. 1. The honor done to trees of the Plane-trees when they were first brought into Italy and of their nature 2. Of the dwarfe Planes growing low and who was the first that cut and shred trees into arbours 3. Of strange trees and principally of the Citron tree in Assyria 4. Of India trees and when Ebene was first seen at Rome 5. Of a certaine Thorn and Fig-tree of India 6. Of a tree named Pala also of other Indian trees that are namelesse and of those that beare wooll and cotton 7. Of Pepper trees and Clove trees and many others 8. Of Macir or Sugar and the trees growing in the region Ariana 9. Of Bdellium and of trees along the Persian gulfe 10. Of trees growing in the Island within the Persian gulfe and those that beare Cotton 11. Of Gossampine trees and those which serue to make cloth and wherein consisteth the fruit of certaine trees 12. Of Costus Spiknard diuers sorts of Nard 13. Of Asarabacca Amomum Amonius and Cardamomum 14. Of Frankincense trees that yeeld Incense 15. Of Myrrhe and Myrrhe trees 16. Of sundry sorts of Myrrh the nature thereof and the price 17. Of Masticke Ladanum and Bruta of Enhaemum Strobus and Styrax 18. Of the felicitie and happinesse of Arabia 19. Of Cinnamon and the wood therof called Xylocinnamum and of Casia 20. Of Isocinnamon or Canel of Caucamum and Tarum 21. Of Serichatum Gabalium and Ben otherwise called Myrobalanus 22. Of Dates called Phoenicobalanus sweet Calamus 23. Of Ammoniacum and the sweet Mosse called Sphagdus or Vsnea 24. Of Cyprus Aspalathus and Marum 25. Of Baulme as well the liquor called Opobalsamum as the wood Xylobalsamum of Storax and Galbanum 26. Of Panace Spondylium and Malobathrum or Folium Indicum 27. Of the oile of green Oliues called Omphacium and of Verjuice 28. Of Bryon and the wild Vine Oenanthe of the Firre Elate of Cinnamon and the oyle of Nuts called Caryopus In summe this booke containeth in it of notable matters histories and obseruations 974. Latine Authours alledged M. Varro Mutianus Virgil Fabian Sebosus Pomponius Mela Flavius Proculus Trogus Hyginus Claudius Caesar Cornelius Nepos Sextius Niger who wrate in Greeke of Physicke Cassius Hemina L. Piso Tuditanus and Antias Forreine Writers Theophrastus Herodotus Callisthenes Isidorus Clitarchus Anaximenes Dioris Nearchus Onesicratus Polycritus Olympiodorus Diognetus Nicobulus Anticlides Charax of Mitylene Menechmus Dorotheus Xenias the Athenian Lycus Antaeus Ephippus Chaereas Democles Ptolomaeus Lagus Marsyas the Macedonian Zoilus likewise of Macedonie Democritus Amphilocus Aristomachus Alexander Polyhistor king Iuba Apollodorus the authour of the treatise concerning sweet odours Heraclides the Physitian Archidemus likewise the Physitian Dionysius Democlides Euphron Obsenides Diagoras Iolla all six Physitians Heraclides of Tarentum Xenocritus of Ephesus and Eratosthenes ¶ IN THE THIRTEENTH BOOKE ARE CONtained Treatises of Ointments and of Trees by the sea side Chap. 1. Of sweet ointments perfumes when they came to bee first knowne at Rome and of their composition 2. What ointment was that which they called Roiall which bee Diapasmate or drie perfumes and how they be kept 3. The ryotous and superfluous expences that the Romanes were at for such ointments and when they were first taken vp and vsed in Rome 4. Of Palmes or Date trees their nature and sundry sorts 5. The trees of Syria 6. Of the Terebinth tree 7. Of the Aegyptian Figtree or Sycomore and that of Cypresse 8. Of the fruit which is called Ceraunia Siliqua 9. Of the Peach-tree or Persica of Aegypt and the Aegyptian Thorn wherof commeth Acacia 10. Of the Plum tree and others about Memphis 11. Sundry sorts of gums and of the Papyr reed 12. Diuers kinds of Paper how Paper is made the triall of good Paper the faults of Paper and the paste that goeth to the making of Paper 13. The bookes of king Numa 14. The tree of Aethyopia 15. The trees of Atlas Citron trees what points are commendable or otherwise faultie therein 16. Of the tree Thya 17. Of the tree Lotus 18. Of the body and roots of Lotus 19. Of Patyurus of the Pomgranat and the floure of the Pomgranat 20. Of plants and shrubs in Asia and Greece 21. Of Thymelaea Chamelaea Tragacanthe Tragium or Scorpio of Tamariske Brya and Galla. 22. Of Euonymus or Spyndle tree of Adrachne Congygria and Thapsia 23. Of Capparis or Cynosbatos or Opheostaphyle and of Sari 24. Of the royall thorne of Babylon and Cytisus or tree Trifolie 25. Of shrubs and trees growing vpon our Mediterranean seas the red sea and the Indian sea In summe there be comprised in this book of notable things stories and obseruations foure hundred fiftie and eight Latine Authours cited Marcus Varro Mutianus Virgil Fabianus Sebosus Pomponius Mela Flavius Proculus Trogus Hyginus Claudius Caesar Cornelius Nepos Sextius Niger who wrote in Greeke of Physicke Cassius Hemina L. Piso Tuditanus and Antias Forreine Writers Theophrastus Herodotus Callisthenes Isidorus Clitarchus Anaximenes Duris Nearchus Onesicritus Policritus Olympiodorus Diognetus Cleobulus Anticlides Charax the Mitylenaean Menaechmus Dorothâ—…us Xenias the Athenian Lycus Antaeus Ephippus Dio Adimanthus Ptolomaeus Lagus Marsyas and Zoilus both Macedonians Democritus Amphilochus Alexander Polyhistor Aristomachus king Iuba Apollodorus who wrate of Odours Heraclides the Physician Botrys Archidemus Dionysius Democlides Euphron Mnesicles Diagoras and Iolla Physicians all Heraclides of Tarentum and Xenocritus the Ephesian ¶ IN THE FOVRTEENTH BOOKE ARE contained Treatises of Vine-trees and Vine-yards Chap. 1. Of Vines and their nature the manner how they beare grapes 2. Sundry kinds of Vines in generall 3. More kinds of Vines according to the propertie of countries where they grow 4. Notable considerations as touching the planting and ordering of Vines 5. The nature of wine 6. The best and most kindly wines 7. Wines outlandish and beyond sea 8. Of the wine called Biaeon seuen kinds therof 9. Of sweet wines fourteene sorts 10. Of second wines or houshold wines 11. What good wines began of late to
Nicander Homer Hesiodus Musaeus Sophocles and Anaxilaus Physicians Mnestheus and Callimachus who wrote both of Guirlands made of floures Phanias the naturall Philosopher or Physician Simus Timaristus Hippocrates Chrysippus Diocles Ophion Heraclides Hicesias Dionysius Apollodorus of Citia Apollodorus of Tarentum Praxagoras Plistonicus the Physician Dieuches Cleophantus Philistio Asclepiades Cratevas Pâ—…tronius Diodotus Iolla Erasistratus Diagoras Andreas Mnesicles Epicharmus Damion Dalion â—…osimenes Theopolemus Metrodorus Solon Lycus Olympias the midwife of Thebes Phillinus Petreius Miction Glaucias and Xenocrates ¶ IN THE XXII BOOKE ARE CONTAINED discourses as touching the estimation of Hearbes Chap. 1. Of certaine nations that vse herbes to beautifie their bodies 2. Of clothes died with the juice of herbes 3. Of the Chaplet made of the common medow grasse 4. How rare these Guirlands of grasse were 5. Which were the only men that had the honour to be crowned with the sad Chaplets 6. The onely Centurion allowed to weare the said Guirlands 7. Medicinable vertues obserued in the rest of herbes and floures that serue for Guirlands and first of Eringe or sea Holly 8. Of the Thystle or hearbe which they call Centum-capita 9. Of Acanus and Liquerice 10. Of Brambles or Thystles called Tribuli their kinds and vertues 11. The vertues and properties of the hearbe Stoebe 12. Of Hippophyes and of Hippope i. the Tazill and their properties 13. Of the Nettle and the medicinable vertues of it 14. Of the white dead Nettle or Archangell Lamium and the vertues of it 15. Of the hearbe Scorpius or Caterpillers the kinds and vertues thereof 16. Of Leucacantha or our ladies Thystle and the vertues of it 17. Of Parietarie of the wall called Helxine or Perdicum of Feuerfew or Motherwort Parthenium of Sideritis i. wall Sauge or stone Sauge and the vertues thereof good for Physicke 18 Of Chamaeleon the sundry sorts and properties that it hath 19. Of Coronopus i. Crow-foot Plantaine or Buckhorn Plantain and the vertues therof 20. Of Orchanet as well the right as the bastard and the vertues of them both 21. Another kind of Orchanet called Onochelis of Camomile of the hearbe Lotus or common Melilot of Lotometra which is a kind of garden Lotus or sallade Clauer of Heliotropia i. Turnsoll or Solcium and Tricoccum a kind thereof of Maiden haire called Adiantum and Callitricum 22. Of bitter Lectuce or wild Cichorie of Thesium of Daffodill of Halimus of Brankursine of Buprestis of Elaphoboscum or Gratia Dei of Scandix i. wild Cheruill or shepheards needle of the wild wort Iasione of bastard Persly Caucalis of Lauer or Sillybum of Scolimus i. the Artichoke or Limonia of Sowthystle of Chondrilla and of Mushromes 23 Of Toadstools of Silphium of Laserjuice 24. The nature of Hony of Mead or Hydromel how it commeth that the fashions are changed in certaine kinds of meat of honied wine of wax A discourse against the composition of many simples 25. The medicinable vertues of corne In summe here you shall find of medicines stories and obseruations 906 gathered out of The same Authours which were named in this booke before and besides out of Chrysermus Eratosthenes and Alcaeus ¶ IN THE XXIII BOOKE IS CONTAINED a Treatise of Hort-yard trees Chap. 1. The medicinable qualities of grapes fresh and new gathered of Vine cuttings and of grape kernils of the grape Theriace or Treacle Grape of dried Grapes or Raisins of Astaphus of Stauesacre called also Pituitaria of the wild Vine of the white Vine which is called Bryonie of the blacke Vine of new wines of diuerse and sundry sorts of wines and also of vinegre 2. Of the medicinable vertues of vinegre Sqilliticke of Oxymell or honied vinegre of cuit of the dregs or lees of wine vinegre and cuit 3. The vertue of Oliues of the leaues of the Oliue of the floure and ashes of the Oliue of the white and blacke fruit of the Oliue also of the dregs or grounds of oile 4. Medicinable properties obserued in the leaues of the wild Oliue of the oile made of the wild vine floures of the oile Cicinum the oiles of Almonds Baies and Myrtles the oile of Chamamyrsine or grand Myrtle also of Cypresse of Cytrons walnuts c. 5. The Aegyptian Palmetree that beareth Ben also of the Date tree called Elate and the vertues of them 6. The medicinable vertues of sundry plants namely in their floure leafe fruit boughs barke wood juice root and ashes 7. Of peares and the obseruations to them belonging of Figges both wild and sauage of Erineum and other sorts of plants with their vertues 8. Of Pine-nuts and Almonds of the Filbard and Walnut of Fistickes and Chestnuts of Charobs Corneiles Strawberrie trees and Baies 9. Of the Myrtle gentle of Myrtidanum and the wild Myrtle In summe there be noted in this booke medicines stories and obseruations a thousand foure hundred and nineteene Latine Authours cited C. Volgius Pompeius Lenaeus Sextius Niger and Iulius Bassus who wrote both in Greeke Antonius Castor M. Varro Cornelius Celsus and Fabianus Forreine Writers Theophrastus Democritus Orpheus Pythagoras Mago Menander the author of the booke Biochresta Nicander Homer Hesiodus Musaeus and Anaxilaus Physicians Mnestheus Callimachus Phanias the naturall Philosopher Simus Tamaristus Hippocrates Chrysippus Diocles Ophion Heraclides Hicesius Dionysius Apollodorus of Cittia Apollodorus the Tarentine Praxagoras Plistonicus Medius Dieuches Cleophantus Philistio Asclepiades Cratevas Petronius Diodotus Iolla Erasistratus Diagoras Andreas Mnesicles Epicharmus Damion Dalion Sosimenes Theopolemus Metrodorus Solon Lycus Olympias the midwife of Thebes Phyllinus Petreius Miction Glaucia and Xenocrates THE XXIIII BOOKE TREATETH OF Trees growing wilde Chap. 1. Medicinable vertues obserued in wild trees 2. The Aegyptian Beane tree Lotus 3. Mast and Acornes 4. The grain or berrie of the tree Ilex of Gals of Misselto of little bals and mast of trees the root of Cirrus and of Corke 5. Of the Beech the Cypresse tree the tall Cedar the fruit or berry therof and of Galbanum 6. Of Ammoniacum Storax Spondylium Spagnus the Terebinth tree of Chamaepitys or Iva Muscata of Esula or Pityusa of Rosins of the Pitch-tree and the Lentiske 7. Of stiffe Pitch of Tarre of Pitch twice boyled of Pissasphalt of Sopissa of the Torch tree and Lentiske 8. The vertues of the Plane tree the Ash the Maple the Aspe the Elme the Linden tree or Teil the Elder and Iuniper 9. Of the Willow the Sallow Amerina and such like good for windings and bands also of Heath or Ling. 10. Of Virga Sanguinea of the Oisier of the Priuet the Aller of Yvie of Cistus or Cifsus of Erythranum of ground Yvie or Alehoufe of Withwind of Perwinke or Lesseron 11. Of Reeds of Paper cane of Ebene of Oleander of Rhus or Sumach of Madder of Alysium of Sopeweed of Apaynum of Rosemarie and the seed thereof of Selago of Samulus of Gums and the medicinable vertues of them all 12. Of the Arabian thorne or thistle of Bedegnar of Acanthium
and Acacia 13. Of the common and wild thistle of Ery sisceptrum of the thorne or thystle Appendix of Pyxacanthum or the Barbarie tree of Paliurus of the Holly of the Eugh tree and other bushes with their vertues in Physicke 14. Of the sweet Brier or Eglantine of the Respâ—…ce bush of the white bramble Rhamnus of Lycium of Sarcocolla of the composition named Oporice and all their medicines 15. Of Germander of Perwinke or Lowrie of 〈◊〉 or Oliuell of Chamaesyce of ground yvie of Lauander Cotton of Ampeloprasos or Vine Porret of Stachys or wild Sauge of Clinopodium or Horse-time of Cudweed of Perwinke of Aegypt and their properties 16. Of Wake-Robin of Dragonwort or Serpentine of the garden the greater Dragon-wort of Arisaron of yarrow and Millefoile of bastard Nauew of Myrrhis and Onobrychis with their vertues 17. Of Coriacesia Callicia and Menais with three and twentie other hearbes and their properties which are held by some to serue in Magick Of Considia and Aproxis with others that reduce and reuiue loue againe 18. Of Eriphia Lanaria and water Yarrow with their vertues 19. Of the herbes that growe vpon the head of statues and Images of the hearbes that come out of riuers of the herbe called Lingua simply i. the tongue of herbes growing within sieues and vpon dnnghils of Rhodora of the herbe Impia i. the child before the parents of the herbe Pecten veneris of Nodia of Cleiuers or Goose Erith of Burs of Tordile of Dent de chien or Quiches of Dactylus and Fenigreek with their vertues In summe herein are comprised medicines stories and obseruations a thousand foure hundred and eighteene collected out of Latine Authors C. Volgius Pompeius Lenaeus Sextius Niger and Iulius Bassus who wrate both in Greeke Antonius Castor M. Varro Cornelius Celsus and Fabius Forreine Writers Theophrastus Apollodorus Democritus Orpheus Pythagoras Mago Menander the author of the booke Biochresta Nicander Homer Hesiodus Museus Sophocles and Anaxilaus Physitians Mnestheus Callimachus Phanias the naturall Philosopher Simo Timaristus Hippocrates Chrysippus Diocles Ophion Heraclides Hicesius Dionysius Apollodorus of Cittia Apollodorus the Tarentine Praxagoras Plistonicus Medius Dieuchus Cleophantus Philistio Asclepiades Cratevas Petronius Diodotus Iolla Erasistratus Diagoras Andreas Mnesicles Epicharmus Damion Sosimenes Theopolemus Solon Lycus Metrodorus Olympias the Midwife of Thebes Phyllinus Petreius Miction Glaucia and Xenocrates ¶ IN THE XXV BOOKE ARE CONTAINED the natures of hearbes and weeds that come vp of themselues The reputation that hearbes haue been of When they began first to be vsed Chap. 1. The properties and natures of wild herbes growing of their owne accord 2. What Authours haue written in Latine of the nature and vse of hearbes When the knowledge of simples began first to be practised at Rome What Greeke Authours first wrote of herbes the inuention and finding out of sundry hearbes the Physicke of old time What is the cause that Simples are not so much in request and vse for Physicke as in old time The medicinable vertues of the Eglantine and Serpentary or Dragon 3. Of a certaine venomous fountaine in Almaine the vertues and properties of the herbe Britannica what diseases cause the greatest paines 4. Of Moly of Dodecatheos of Paeonium named otherwise Pentorobus and Glycyside of Panace or Asclepios of Heraclium of Panace Chironeum of Panace Centaureum or Pharnaceum of Heraclium Siderium of Henbane 5. Of the herbe Mercurie female of Parthenium of Hermu-Poea or rather Mercurie of Yarow of Panace Heracleum of Sideritis of Millefoile of Scopa regio of Hemionium Teucrium Splenium Melampodium or blacke Ellebore and how many kinds there be of them The medicinable vertues of blacke and white Ellebore when Ellebore is to be giuen how it is to be taken to whom it is not to be giuen also that it killeth Mice and Rats 6. Of Mithridatium of Scordotis or Scordium of Polemonia otherwise called Philetaeria or Chiliodynama of Eupatorie or Agrimonie of great Centaurie otherwise called Chironium of the lesse Centaurie or Libadium called Fel Terrae i. the gall of the Earth Of Triorches and their vertues 7. Of Clymenus Gentian Lysimachia and Parthenius or Motherwort Mugwort Ambrose Nenuphar Heraclium and Euphorbia with all their vertues medicinable 8. Of Plantaine Buglosse Hounds tongue Oxe-eye or May weed of Scythica Hippice and Ischaemon of Betonie Cantabrica Settarwort of Dittander or Hiberis of Celendine the greater Celendine the lesse or Pilewort of Canaria of Elaphoboscos of Dictamnum of Aristolochia or Hartwort how fishes will come to it for loue of bait and so are soone caught The counterpoysons against stinging of serpents by these herbes abouenamed 9. Of Argemonia of Agaricke Echium Henbane Vervaine Blattaria Lemonia Cinquefoile Carot Persalata the Clot Burre Swines bread or Cyclaminus Harstrang all very good for the sting of serpents 10. Of Danewort or Walwort of Mullin of Thelyphonon Remedies against the sting of Scorpions the biting of Toades and mad Dogs and generally against all poysons 11. Receits and remedies against head-ach and diseases of the head 12. Of Centaurie Celendine Panace and Henbane and Euphorbium all soueraigne medicines for the eies 13. Of Pimpernell or Corchorus of Mandragoras or Circeium of Henbane of Crethmoagrion of Molybdaena of Fumiterre of Galengale of Floure de lis of Cotyledon or Vmbilicus Veneris of Housleeke or Sengreene of Pourcellane of Groundswell of Ephemerum of great Tazill of Crow-foot which affourd medicines against the infirmities and diseases of the eyes eares nosthrils teeth and mouth In summe this Booke doth yeeld of medicines stories and obseruations a thousand two hundred ninetie and two Latine Authours cited M. Varro C. Volgius Pompeius Lenaeus Sextius Niger and Iulius Bassus who both wrote in Greeke Antonius Castor and Cornelius Celsus Forreine Writers Theophrastus Apollodorus Democritus king Iuba Orpheus Pythagoras Mago Menander who wrote Biochresta Nicander Homer Hesiodus Musaeus Sophocles Xanthus and Anaxilaus Physitians Mnestheus Callimachus Phanias the naturall Philosopher Timaristus Simus Hippocrates Chrysippus Diocles Ophion Heraclides Hicesius Dionysius Apollodorus the Tarentine Praxagoras Plistonicus Medius Dieuches Cleophantus Philistio Asclepiades Cratevas Iolla Erasistratus Diagoras Andreas Mnesicles Epicharmus Damion Theopolemus Metrodorus Solon Lycus Olympias the midwife of Thebes Phyllinus Petreius Miction Glaucias and Xenocrates ¶ IN THE XXVI BOOKE ARE CONTAIned the medicines for the parts of mans bodie Chap. 1. Of new maladies and namely of Lichenes what they be and when they began to raign in Italie first Of the Carbuncle of the white Morphew or Leprosie called Elephantiasis and of the Collicke 2. The praise of Hippocrates 3. Of the new practise in Physicke of the Physician Asclepiades and by what meanes hee abolished the old manner of practise and set vp a new 4. The superstitious follie of Magicke is derided Also a discourse touching the foule tettar called Lichenes the remedie thereof and also the infirmities of the throat and chawes 5. Receits and remedies against the kings euil also for
the diseases of the fingers and the breast and against the Cough 6. Of Mullin of Cacalia Tussilage or Folefoot of Bechium and Sauge all herbes for to cure the cough 7. For the paines of the sides and chist for the difficultie of breath and those that cannot take wind but sitting or standing vpright for the pains of the liuer and the heart-ach medicines appropriat to the lungs difficultie of vrine and the cough for the breast for inward vlcers for the kidnies and imbecilitie of the liuer to stay vomit and yexing also for the pleurisie and disease of the sides and flankes 8. Of all diseases of the bellie and the parts either within it or neare vnto it How to stay the flux thereof or to make it loose and soluble 9. Of Peniroiall and Argemone 10. Of water Lillie or Nenuphar of abstinence from Venus of prouocation to fleshly lust of Ragwort or Satyrium called Erythraicum of Crategis and Syderitis 11. Generall remedies for infirmities of the feet anckles joints and sinewes Remedies against diseases that hold and possesse the whole bodie Of Mirthryda Medicines and meanes to procure sleepe against the palsie agues with cold fits feauers or agues incident vnto labouring Horses Asses and Mules against franticke persons Of the herbe Chamaeacta of Housleeke or stone-crop and Pricke-madame of S. Antonies fire 12. Remedies against dislocations in the joints against the yellow jaundise fellons fistulaes swelling of ventositie burnes scalds and other diseases for sinewes and to stanch bloud 13. Of the herb called Horse-taile Nenuphar Harstrange Syderitis of many other remedies good to restraine the flux of bloud of Stephanomelis and Erisithale remedies against the wormes 14. For vlcers old sores and greene wounds to take away werts and of the herbe Polycnemon 15. Many good experiments either for to prouoke or to stay the flux of womens months soueraigne remedies for the diseases of the matrice also to cast forth the fruit within the wombe or to containe it the full time for to take away the blemishes and spots in the skin and namely of the face to colour the haire to cause the haire to fall also against the scab or maunge of foure-footed beasts In summe this booke leadeth you to medicines stories and obseruations a thousand two hundred ninetie and two collected out of Latine Authours M. Varro C. Volgius Pompeius Lenaeus Sextius Niger and Iulius Bassus who writ both in Greeke Antonius Castor and Cornelius Celsus Forreine Writers Theophrastus Apollodorus Democritus Iuba Orpheus Pythagoras Mago Menander the author of Biochresta Nicander Homer Hesiodus Musaeus Sophocles Xanthus and Anaxilaus Physicians Mnestheus Callimachus the professour of Physicke Timaristus Simus Hippocrates Chrysippus Diocles Ophion Heraclides Aicesius Dionysius Apollodorus the Tarentine Praxagoras Plistonicus Medius Dieuchus Cleophantus Philistio Asclepiades Crâ—…tenas Iolla Erasistratus Diagoras Andreas Mnesicles Epicharmus Damion Theopolemus Metrodorus Solon Lycus Olympias the Midwife of Thebes Phyllinus Petreius Miction Glaucias and Xenocrates ¶ THE XXVII BOOKE COMPREHENDETH all other sorts of herbes Chap. 1. The rest of Herbes 2. Of Aconitum and how this herbe killeth Leopards or Panthers 3. That God is the Creator of all things 4. Of the hearbe Aethiopis Ageratum Aloe Alcea Alypum Alsine Androsacum Androcaemon Ambrocia Restharrow Anagyron and Anonymon 5. Of the great Burre Of Cliuers or Goose grasse Asplenum Asclepias or Swallow-wort Aster or Bubonium Ascyrum or Ascyroeides Aphace Alcibium and Cockes combe 6. Of Alus 7. Of sea Weeds or Reits of Elder wild Vine and Wormewood 8. Of Ballote or stinking Horehound of Botrys or Oke of Ierusalem of Brabyla of Bryon or Corallina of Bupleuron and Catanance of Calla Cerceia Cirsium and Crataegonum Thelygonum Crocodilium Dogs stone Chrysolachanum Cucubalum and Conferua or the riuer Spunge 9. Of the graine called Coccos Gnidia of Tazill of Oke fearne of Dryophonum of Elatine of Empetrum or Perce-Pierre of Epipactus or Elleborius of Epimedum Enneaphyllon i. the nine leafed herbe of Osmund or fearne of Fenmur Bubulum i. Ox thigh of Galeopsis or Galeobdolon of Glaux or Eugalactum 10. Of Glaucium of Paeonie Cudweed or Chamaezelum of Galedragum Holcos Hyosiris Holosteum and Hypophaestum 11. Of Hypoglossa and Hypecoon Idaea Isopyron Spurge Pat-delion Lycopsis Greimile c. 12. Of Medium Mouse-eare Myagros an herb called Natrix Othone Onosma Onopordos Toads flax Woodsoure or Alleluiah Crowfoot Knotgrasse Camomile Phyteuma Phyllon Phellandrion Phalaris Polyrrhizon Proserpinaca or Knotgrasse Rhacoma Reseda and Stoechas 13. Of Nightshade and Dwale of Smyrnium Orpinum Trichomanes Thalietrum Thlaspi Tragonias Tragonis and Tragopogos the serpent Spondylis To conclude that some diseases and venomous things be not in all countries In summe herein are comprehended medicines stories and notable obseruations 702. Latine Authours cited Pompeius Lenaeus Sextius Niger and Iulius Bassus who wrate both in Greeke Antonius Castor and Cornelius Celsus Greeke Writers Theophrastus Apollodorus Cittiensis Democritus Aristogiton Orpheus Pythagoras Mago Menander that wrote the Treatise Biochresta and Nicander Physicians Mnestheus and his fellowes as they went in the former booke ¶ IN THE XXVIII BOOKE ARE COMPREhended the medicinable vertues from liuing creature Chap. 1. The medicines and vertues obserued in liuing creatures 2. Whether charmes and bare words or characters auaile ought in Physicke The prodigious tokens and presages may take effect in some and may be auerted and made frustrate by others 3. Remedies euen in the bodies of men against enchauntments and Magicke 4. Of certaine sorceries also the vertue of a mans spittle 5. The regard of diet for a mans health 6. Of sneesing the moderation to bee vsed in the act of Venus or companie with a woman of other preseruatiues of health 7. What remedies and medicines a womans mans bodie doth affourd 8. The medicinable properties in certaine strange beasts namely the Elephant Lion Cammell Hyaena Crocodile Chamaeleon Skinke Riuer-horse and Once 9. The medicines which we haue from the bodies of wild beasts and tame of the same kind The vertue of milk butter and cheese the obseruations thereto belonging also of fat or grease 10. Remedies receiued from Bores and Swine from Goats and wild Horses also from other beasts seruing to cure all manner of diseases 11. Other remedies for many kinds of maladies taken from liuing creatures 12. For the spots and wems in the visage for the infirmities of the necke and of the breast 13. Against the diseases of the stomacke loines and reines 14. To stay a laske against the loosenesse of the stomacke to cure the bloudie flix the inflations of the bellie ruptures the prouocation to the seege without effect the broad flat long wormes in the bellie and the collicke 15. Against the torments and paines in the bladder against the stone the infirmities in the priuie parts of man or woman as also in the fundament and the twist or groine and the cure thereof 16. For the gout the falling euill for those that bee blasted or strucken with
a planet and bones broken 17. Against Melancholic and those whose braines bee troubled with fansies the lethargie dropsie wild fire or tetter and the paines or ach of the sinewes apt remedies 18. To staunch bloud to cure vlcers or old sores cankers and scabs 19. Medicines appropriat to womens diseases 20. Strange and wondrous things obserued in sundry beasts In summe here be reported medicines stories and obseruations to the number of a hundred eightie and fiue Latine Authours alledged M. Varro L. Piso Fabianus Verres Antias Verrius Flaccus Cato Censorius Servius Sulpitius Licinius Macer Celsus Massurius Sextius Niger who wrate in Greeke Bythus the Dyrrhachian Ophilius the Physitian and Granius the Physitian Forreine Writers Democritus Apollodorus who wrate a book entituled Myrsis Miletus Artemon Sextilius Antaeus Homer Thcophrastus Lysimachus Attalus Xenocrates who wrote a booke called Diophros and Archelaus likewise that wrote such another Demetrius Sotira Elephantis Salpe and Olympias of Thebes fiue women and midwines Diotimus Iolla Miction of Smyrna Aeschines the Physician Hippocrates Aristotle Metrodorus Icacidas the Physitian Hesiodus Dialcon Caecilius Bion the authour of the booke Peri Dynamaean Anaxilaus and king Iuba ¶ IN THE XXIX BOOKE ARE CONTAINED medicines from other liuing creatures Chap. 1. The first beginning and originall of the Art of Physicke when Physicians began first to visit Patients lying sicke in their beds the first Physitians that practised the cure of sick persons by frictions ointments baths hot-houses c. Of Chrysippus and Erasi stratus their course and manner of practise of Empiricke Physicke of Herophilus and other famous Physitians how often the Art and state of Physicke hath altered the first professed Physician at Rome when it was that hee practised what opinion the ancient Romans had of Physicians finally the imperfection and faults in that Art 2. The medicinable vertues and properties obserued in wooll 3. The nature of eggs and the vertues thereof good in Physicke 4. Remedies in Physicke receiued from doggs and other creatures that are not tame but wild also from foules and namely against the stings of the venomous spiders Phalangia 5. Of the Ostrich greace and the vertues therof of a mad dog also remedies had from him a lizard geese doues and weasils 6. Medicines against the falling of the haire and to make it grow againe to kill nits to recouer the haire of the eye-lids to cure the dimnesse and rednesse and generally all diseases and accidents of the eyes as also the swellings and inflammations in the kernils vnder the eares In sum there be medicines and other things worth obseruation in this booke to the number of fiue hundred twentie and one Latine Authors alledged M. Varro L. Piso Verrius Flaccus Antias Nigidius Cassius Hemina Cicero Plautus Celsus Sextius Niger who wrote in Greeke Caecilius the Physician Metellus Scipio Ovid the Poet and Licinius Macer Forteine Authours Philopater Homerus Aristotle Orpheus Democritus Anaxilaus Physitians Botrys Apollodorus Archidemus Anaxilaus Ariston Xenocrates Diodorus Chrysippus the Philosopher Horus Nicander Apollonius of Pytane ¶ IN THE XXX BOOKE ARE CONTAINED medicines for liuing creatures such as were not obserued in the former Booke Chap. 1. The beginning of the black Science Art magicke when it began who practised it first and who were they that brought it into request and reputation Also the rest of the medicines taken from beasts 2. Sundrie kinds of Magicke the execrable and cursed parts plaid by Nero and of Magicians 3. Of Wants or Mouldwarps of liuing creatures as well tame as sauage which affourd remedies and those are digested in order according to the diseases 4. How to make the breath sweet against mols and spots disfiguring the face remedies for to cure the diseases of the throat and chaws 5. Against the Kings euill and namely when the swelling is broken and doth run to ease the pain of the shoulders the heart and the parts about it 6. For the diseases of the lungs and liver also to cure the casting and reiection of bloud vpward 7. Remedies for the bloudie flix and generally for all diseases of the bellie and the guts 8. For the gravell and stone for paines of the bladder for swelling of the stones and the groine of apostems or swellings in the kirnels and emunctories 9. Against the gout of the feet and paines of other ioynts 10. Remedies against many diseases that hold the whole bodie 11. Against the jaundise the phrensie fevers and dropsie 12. Against the wild fire carbuncles fellons or vncoms burnes scaldings and shrinking of the sinews 13. To staunch bloud to allay swellings in wounds also to cure vlcers greene wounds and other maladies diverse remedies all taken from liuing creatures 14. To cure womens secret maladies and to helpe conception 15. Many receits and remedies huddled together one with another 16. Certaine miraculous things obserued in beasts In summe this booke sheweth vnto vs medicines and memorable obseruations 54. Latine Authors cited M. Varro Nigidius M. Cicero Sextius Niger who wrate in Greeke and Licinius Macer Forreine Writers Eudoxus Aristotle Hermippus Homer Apion Orphens Democritus and Anaxilaus Physicians Botrys Horus Apollidorus Menander Archimedes Ariston Xenocrates Diodorus Chrysippus Nicander Apollonius Pitanaeus ¶ THE XXXI BOOKE SHEWETH MEDICINES gathered from fishes and water creatures also it deliuereth vnto vs strange and wonderfull things as touching the Waters Chap. 1. Admirable matter obserued in the waters 2. The difference of waters 3. The nature and qualitie of waters how to know good and wholesome waters from them that be naught 4. The reason of some waters that spring on a suddain so likewise cease and giue ouer 5. Many historicall obseruations of waters 6. The manner of water conduits and how to draw them from their heads when and how waters are to bee vsed which naturally are medicinable how farre forth navigation or sailing vpon the salt water is good for the health medicines made of sea water 7. Divers kinds of salt the preparing and making thereof together with the vertues medicinable of salt and other considerations thereto belonging 8. Of the fish Scamber or the Mackrell of fish pickle of Alex a kind of brine or fish sauce 9. The nature of Salt and the medicines made of it 10. Sundrie sorts of Nitre the handling and preparation thereof the medicines and obseruation to it pertaining 11. The nature of Spunges This booke comprehendeth medicines and notable obseruations 266. Latine Authours alledged M Varro Cassius of Parma Cicero Mutius Cor. Celsus Trogus Ovid Polybius and Sornatius Forreine Writers Callimachus Ctesias Eudicus Theophrastus Eudoxus Theopompus Polyclitus Iuba Lycus Apion Epigenes Pelops Apelles Democritus Thrasillus Nicander Memander the Comicall Poet Attalus Sallustius Dionysius Andreas Nicreatus Hippocrates Anaxilaus ¶ IN THE XXXII BOOKE ARE CONTAINED other medicines behind from fishes and water creatures Chap. 1. Of the fish Echeneis his wonderfull propertie of the Torpedo and the Sea-hare maruellous things reported of the red sea 2. The naturall industrie
docilitie and gentlenesse of some fish where they will come to hand and take meat at a mans hand in what countries fishes serue in stead of oracles 3. Of those fishes that liue both on land and water the medicines and obseruations as touching Castoreum 4. Of the sea Tortoise many vertues medicinable obserued in sundry fishes 5. Receits of medicins taken from water creatures digested and set in order according to sundry diseases first against poyson and venomous beasts 6. Of Oisters Purple shell-fishes sea-weeds called Reits their vertues medicinable 7. Medicins against the shedding of the haire how to fetch haire againe also against the infirmities of eies ears teeth and to amend the vseemely spots in the face ly 8. Many medicins set down together vnorder 9. Remedies for the diseases of the liuer and sides stomacke and bellie others also disorderly put downe 10. Against feuers and agues of all sorts and many other infirmities 11. A rehearsall of all creatures liuing in the sea to the number of 122. In summe ye hauehere medicines stories and obseruations 928. Latine Authors Licinius Macer Trebius Niger Sexitius Niger who wrote in Greeke Ovid the Poet Cassius Hemina Mecanas and L. Atteius Forreine Writers K. Iuba Andreas Salpe Pelops Apelles of Thasos Thrasillus and Nicander ¶ THE XXXIII BOOKE DECLARETH the natures of Mettals Chap. 1. In what estimation were the mines of gold at the first in the old world the beginning of gold rings the proportion of gold that our ancestors had in their treasure the degree of knights or gentlemen at Rome the priuiledge to weare gold rings and who only might so do 2. The courts and chambers of judges or justices at Rome how often the gentlemen of Rome and men of armes changed their title the presents giuen to valiant souldiours for their braue seruice in the wars the first crowns of gold that were seene 3. The ancient vse of gold besides both in men women of the golden coine when copper and brasse money was first stamped when gold and siluer was put into coine before mony was coined how they vsed brasse for exchange in old time At the first taxation and leuie made of Tribute what was thought to be the greatest wealth and at what rate were the best men sessed How often and at what time gold grew into credit and estimation 4. The mines of gold and how naturally it is found when the statue or image of gold was first seene medicinable vertues in gold 5. Of Borras and six properties of Borras in matters of Physicke the wonderfull nature that it hath to soder all mettals and giue them their perfection 6. Of Siluer Quick-siluer Antimonie or Alabaster the drosse or refuse of siluer also the scum or some of siluer called Litharge 7. Or Vermilion in what account it was in old time among the Romanes the inuention thereof of Cinnabaris or Sangdragon vsed in painting and Physick diuers sorts of vermillion and how painters vse it 8. Of Quicksiluer artificiall the maner of gilding siluer of touchstones diuers experiments to trie siluer the sundry kinds therof 9. Of mirroirs or looking-glasses of the siluer in Aegypt 10. Of the excessiue wealth of some men in money who were reputed for the richest men when it was that at Rome they began to make largesse and scatter money abroad to the commons 11. Of the superfluitie of coine and the frugalitie of others as touching siluer plate beds and tables of siluer when began fitst the making of excessiue great and massiue platters and chargers of siluer 12. Of siluer statues the grauing and chasing in siluer other workmanship in that mettall 13. Of Sil of Azur of superfice Azur named Nestorianum also of the Azur called Coelum that euery yere these kinds be not sold at one price This booke hath in it of medicines stories and obseruations 1215. Latine Authors alledged L. Piso Antius Verrius M. Varro Cor. Nepos Messula Rufus Marsus the Poet Buthus Iulius Bassus and Sextius Niger who wrote both of Physicke in Greeke and Fabius Vestalis Forreine Writers Democritus Metrodorus Sceptius Menaechmus Xenocrates and Antigonus who wrate all three of the feat and skill of grauing chasing and embossing in mettall Heliodorus who wrote a booke of the rich ornaments and oblations of the Athenians Pasiteles who wrote of wonderfull pieces of worke Nymphodorus Timaeus who wrate of Alchymie or minerall Physicke Iolla Apollodorus Andreas Heraclydes Diagoras Botryensus Archimedes Dionysius Aristogenes Democritus Mnesicles Attalus the Physician Xenocrates the sonne of Zeno and Theomnestes ¶ THE XXXIIII BOOKE TREATETH of other Mettals Chap. 1. Mines of Brasse Copper Iron Lead Tin 2. Sundry kinds of Brasse namely Corinthian Deliacke and Aegineticke 3. Of goodly candlesticks other ornaments of temples 4. The first images made at Rome the originall of statues the honour done to men by statues sundry sorts and diuers forms of them 5. Of statues pourtraied in long Robes and of many others who first erected images vpon columnes and pillars at Rome when they were allowed first at the cities charges also what maner of statues the first wer at Rome 6. Of statues without gowne or cassocke and some other the first statue pourtraied on horsebacke at Rome when the time was that all Images as well in publike places as priuat houses were abolished at Rome and put downe what women at Rome were allowed to haue their statues and which were the first erected in publike place by forrein nations 7. The famous workemen in making casting Images the excessiue price of Images of the most famous and notable colosses or gyant-like images in the citie of Rome 8. Three hundred sixtie and six peeces of work wrought in brasse by most curious and excellent artificers 9. What difference there is in Brasse the diuers mixtures with other mettals how to keepe brasse 10. Of Brasse ore called Cadmia and for what it is good in Physicke 11. The refuse or scum of Brasse Verdegris the skales of brasse and copper steele copper rust or Spanish greene of the collyrie or eye-salue called Hieracium 12. Of a kinde of Verdegris named Scolecia of Chalcitis i. red Vitrioll Mysy Sory and Copporose or Vitrioll i. blacke Nil 13. Of the foile of Brasse named white Nil or Tutia of Spodium Antispodium of Diphryges and the Trient of Servilius 14. Of Iron and mines of Iron the difference also of Iron 15. Of the temperature of Iron the medicinable vertues of Iron and the rust of Brasse and Iron the skales of Iron and the liquid plastre named of the Greekes Hygemplastrum 16. The mines of Lead of white and blacke Lead 17. Of Tin Of Argentine Tin and some other minerals 18. Medicins made of Lead refuse of Lead of Lead ore of Ceruse or Spanish white of Sandaricha of red Orpiment In summe here are contained natable matters stories and obseruations 815. Latine Authours cited L. Piso Antias Verrius M. Varro Messala Rufus Marsus the
Poet Buthus Iulius Bassus and Sextius Niger who wrote both in Greeke of Physicke and Fabius Vestalis Forreine Writers Democritus Metrodorus Scepsius Menechmus Xenocrates Antigonus and Duris who all foure wrote of grauing chasing and embossing mettals a worke entituled Toreutice Heliodorus who described the ornaments and oblations hanged vp in Athens Nymphodorus Andreas Heraclides Diagoras Botryensis Iolla Apollodorus Archimedes Dionysius Aristogenes Diomedes Mnesicles Xenocrates the sonne of Zeno and Theomnestus ¶ IN THE XXXV BOOKE IS SHEWED IN what account Painting was in old time Chap. 1. The honour and regard of Pictures in times past 2. In what price Images were of old 3. When Images were first erected and set vp in publicke place as also in priuat houses with their scutcheons and armes the beginning of pictures the first draught of Picturs in one simple colour the first Painters and how ancient they were in Italie 4. Of Roman Painters the first time that Painting and Picturs grew into credit who they were that drew their victories in colors vpon tables and set them forth to be seen and when forrein Pictures began to be of some good reckoning at Rome 5. The art and cunning of drawing pictures the colours that painters vse 6. Of colours naturall and artificiall 7. What colour will not abide to be laid wet what colours they painted withall in old time at what time first the combats of sword-fencers at vtterance were set forth in painted tables to be seene 8. How ancient the art of Painting is when it began a catalogue of the excellent workemen in that kind and how their workemanship was prised and esteemed 9. The first that contended stroue who could paint best also who first vsed the pencill 10. Of Pictures so liuely drawne that birds were deceiued therwith what is the hardest point in Painting 11. The way to still birds that they sing and chatter not who was the first that deuised to enamell or to set colours with fire and with the pencill painted arched roufs and vaults and among the wonderful prises that Pictures were set at in old time 12. The first inuentors of potterie of Images made of clay and cast in moulds also of vessels made of earth and their price 13. Sundry sorts of earth for potters of the dust or sand of Puteoli of other kindes of earth which turne to be hard stone 14. Of walls made by casting in moulds also of bricke walls and the manner of making them 15. Of Brimstone Alume their diuers kinds and vse in Physicke 16. Of sundry sorts of earth namely Samia Eretria Chia Selenusia Pingitis and Ampelitis and the vse they haue in Physicke 17. Sundry sorts of chalke for fullers to scoure clothes to wit Cimolia Sarda Vmbrica of a kind of earth called Saxum as also that giueth a siluer color is called Agentaria 18. Who were they that enriched their slaues after they were enfranchised and who they were of slaues came vp and grew to great wealth and power 19. Of the earth that coms out of the Island Galeta of the earth Clupea also of that which commeth from the Balear Islands and the Isle Ebusa In sum the medicins histories and obseruations in this booke amount to 956. Latine Authors alledged Messala the Oratour Messala the Elder Fenestella Atticus Verrius M. Varro Cor. Nepos Decius Eculeo Mutianus Melissus Vitruvius Cassius Seuerus Longulanus Fabius Vastalis who also wrote of Painting Forreine Writers Pasiteles Apelles Melanthius Asclepiodorus Euphranor Parasius Heliodorus who wrote of the Pictures and other ornaments set vp at Athens Metrodorus who likewise wrote of Architecture to wit Masonrie and Carpentrie Democritus Theophrastus Apion the Grammarian who also made a booke af Minerall or Chymicke Physicke Nymphodorus Andreas Heraclides Iolla Apollodorus Diagor as Botryensis Archidemus Dionysius Aristogenes Demanes Mnesicles Xenocratos the scholler of Zeno and Theomnestus ¶ THE XXXVI BOOKE TREATETH of Stones Chap. 1. The nature and propertie of stones the superfluitie and expense about buildings of marble 2. Who first shewed at Rome columnes of marble in publike place 3. The first that brought columns of marble to Rome out of forreine countries 4. The first workemen that were commended for cutting in marble and at what time that inuention began 5. Excellent peeces of worke in marble to the the number of 126. The cunning and curious workmen themselues of the white marble of the Island Paros The stately and admirable sepulchre Mausoleum 6. When they began at Rome to build with marble who was the first that ouercast the outside of walls with marble at what times this or that kind of marble was taken vp in building at Rome who cut marble first and brought it into leaues or thin plates by cutting the manner thereof also of sand 7. Of the hard stone of Naxos and Armenia sundry kinds of marble 8. Of the Alabastre marble of Lygdinum and Alabandicum 9. Of the great obeliske at Thebes in Aegipt and at Alexandria of that also which is in the great cirque or shew-place at Rome 10. Of that obeliske which standeth in Mars field at Rome and serueth for a Gnomon or Stile in a quadrant or dyall 11. Of a third obeliske at Rome in the Vatican 12. Of the Pyramides in Aegipt and a monstrous Sphynx of a wonderfull height 13. Of the Mazes or Labyrinths in Aegipt the Isle Lemnos and in Italie 14. Of hanging gardens made vpon terraces of a great towne where all the houses were build vpon vaults and arches seeming to hang in the aire also of the temple of Diana in Ephesus 15. Of the stately temple of Cyzicum of a certaine rocke of stone called Fugitiue of an Echo that rendreth the voice seuen fold of an house built without naile or pin of the sumptuous and wonderfull buildings at Rome 16. Sundry kinds of the Loadstone the medicinable vertues and properties thereof 17. Of certain stones which soone eat consume dead bodies that be laid therein of others againe that preserue them long of the stone Asius and the vertues of it 18. Of Iuorie digged out of the earth of stones conuerted into bones of stones that represent palms imprinted in them and of other kinds 19. Of Curalius or a kind of Marquesite called Pyrites and the vertues thereof of the stone Ostracites and Amiantus the properties of it of the stone Melitites and the power thereof of the Geat and his medicinable properties of Spunge stones of the stone Phrygius and his nature 20. Of the Bloud-stone and fiue sorts of it and of Schistus 21. Foure kinds of the Aegle stone of the stone within the bellie of them called Callimus of the stones Samius and Arabus also of Pumish stones 22. of stones meet for to make Apothecaries mortars of soft stones of the stone Specularis of Flints of the shining stone Phengites of whetstones and other stones meet for building of stones that will resist the fire and abide all weather and tempest
hands long agoe the which I saw in the house of Pomponius Secundus a noble citizen of Rome and a renowmed Poet almost two hundred yeares after their death As for the writings of Cicero of Augustus late Emperour of famous memorie and of Virgill we daily see and handle them by the meanes of Paper so good and durable CHAP. XIII ¶ Of the bookes of Numa WE find many examples in stories which very directly and mightily do testifie against M. Varro as touching Papers For Cassius Hemina a most faithfull and ancient writer in the fourth booke of his Annales hath reported That one Cn. Terentius a scribe or publicke Notarie as he digged and delued in a ground which he had neare to Ianiculum light vpon a chist where in lay the bodie of Numa sometime king of Rome In the same also were found the bookes of the said king And as he affirmeth this happened in that yeare when Pub. Cornelius the sonne of Lucius surnamed Cethegus and M. Boebius sonne of Quintus surnamed Pamphilus were Consuls of Rome betweene which time and the raigne of Numa by just computation are reckoned 535 yeres He saith moreouer That those books were made of the Paper abouenamed The greater wonder it was how such kind of books should last sâ—… long especially within the earth and not putrifie The thing therefore being so strange and in manner miraculous that Paper should continue all that time I think it not amisse to set down the very words of Hemina likew I se as he deliuers them The world made a wonder quoth he how these books could possibly endure so many yeres but the party who found them yeelded this reason That within the said coffer about the mids of it there was a stone foure-square lapped all about and bound euery way with waxe candles in manner of a serecloth vpon which stone the foresaid books were laid and therefore it was as he supposed that they did not rot Moreouer the books also were embaulmed with the rosin or oile of Cedar which might be a good reason in his conceit that the moths came not to them Now these bookes contained the Philosophie and doctrine of Pythagoras and for that they treated of that Philosophical argument burnt they were by order from Q. Petilius the Pretor for that time being The same storie in effect doth C. Piso Censorinus a man who had been Censor report in the first book of his commentaries howbeit he setteth downe their number withall and saith they were fourteene in all whereof seuen treated of the Pontificall law and matters of religion and as many discoursed of Pythagoras his Philosophie But Tuditanus in the thirteeneth booke of the Annales affirmeth That they were the decretals only of Numa and contained his ordinances As for Varro himselfe he writeth in the fift booke of Humane Antiquities that they were in all but twelue And Antias in his second booke reporteth That two of them were written in Latine and contained the Pontificial diuinitie and church-matters and other twaine penned in Greeke were full of precepts in Philosophie He also affirmes in his third booke for what cause the said books by vertue of a publick decree were consumed with fire But all Historiographers agree in this That one of the Sibyls brought vnto Tarquinius the proud three books of which two were burnt by her owne selfe and the third likewise perished with fire together with the Capitol during the troubles of Sylla Ouer and besides Mutianus a man who had been thrice Consul of Rome hath left on record that of late while he was lord gouernor or Lycia he read in a certain temple an Epistle written by prince Sarpedon in Paper and bearing date from Troy And I wonder the rather at this if so be that when Homer liued and wrate his Poeme there was no land of Aegypt as now there is or why in case there was such vse of Paper then himself should write that in the very same Lycia Bellerophon had writing tables giuen him to deliuer as touching his owne death and not rather letters missiue wrot in Paper Wel howeuer that be this is certaine that there is a scarsitie otherwhiles of Paper also as well as of other commodities and this cane or reed Papyrus doth many times faile For not long since euen in the daies of Tiberius the Emperor in a dearth and want of Paper there were commissioners deputed and appointed by the Senat of Rome for the dispensing and distribution of it among the people otherwise there had been a great mutinie and tumult at Rome about Paper CHAP. XIIII ¶ Of the trees in Aethiopia AS touching Aethiopia and namely that quarter which confineth vpon Aegypt it hath in manner no trees at all of any name saue those that beare wooll or cotton concerning the nature of which trees we haue sufficiently spoken in the description of the Indians and of Arabia and yet in very truth the cotton that is brought from these trees in Aethiopia comes neerer to wool than any thing els howeuer the trees be otherwise like to the rest of that kinde and the burse or cod wherin this woollie substance lyes is greater and as big as a Pomegranat Besides these there be Date trees also like to such as we haue before described As touching other trees and especially the odoriferous woods within the Isles that lie vpon Aethiopia round about we haue said enough in the treatise of those Islands CHAP. XV. ¶ Of the trees growing in mount Atlas of Citron tables of the commendable perfections and contrariwise of the defaults thereof THe mountaine Atlas by report hath a wood in it of peculiar trees that elsewhere grow not wherof we haue already written The Mores that border vpon it are stored with abundance of Citron trees from whence commeth that excessiue expense and superfluitie about Citron tables made thereof And our dames and wiues at home by way of reuenge vse to twit vs their husbands therwith when we would seem to find fault with the costly pearls that they do weare There is at this day to be seen a board of Citron wood belonging sometimes to M. Tullius Cicero which cost him ten thousand Sesterces a strange matter considering hee was no rich man but more wonderfull if we call to mind the seueritie of that age wherein hee liued Much speech there is besides of Gallus Asinius his table sold for eleuen thousand Sesterces Moreouer there are two other which K. Iuba sold the one was prised at 15000 Sesterces and the other held little vnder Not long since there was one of them chanced to be burnt and it came with other houshold stuff but from the cottages in Mauritania which cost 140000 Sesterces a good round summe of money and the price of a faire lordship if a man would be at the cost to purchase lands so deer But the fairest and largest table of Citron wood that to this day hath beene seene came from Ptolomaee king of Mauritania
vnskilfull in this part of Philosophie as touching the course and order of the Starres which beeing not onely discouered but also assoiled and cleared their minds with better contentment may goe from the contemplation of heauen to the rest of Natures workes and see those things by the effects which they could not possibly foresee by their causes CHAP. XXV ¶ The times and seasons of the rising and setting of Starres digested into order as well by day as night IN the first place there offereth it selfe vnto vs one difficultie aboue the rest so intricate as hardly is it possible to resolue vpon it namely as touching the very daies of the yere how many they be in number and the reuolution of the Sunne how and when he returneth againe to to the same point For wheras some do account the solare yere to be 365 daies just others adde thereunto certaine quadrants or foure parts of day and night together to wit six houres euery yeare which beeing put together make the fourth yeare Bissextile or Leape yeare so as it is in manner impossible to assigne the certaine daies and houres of the Starres apparition or occultation Ouer and besides how obscure how darke and confused all this matter is appeareth manifestly herin That the times and seasons of the yere prefixed by ancient writers fal not out accordingly and namely in the obseruation of the winter seasons tempests by them set down for one while you shall haue them to preuent and come sooner by many daies than ordinarie which the Greekes call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 another while to draw back and come later which they terme 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Yea and for the most part this happeneth by reason that the influence of the coelestiall starres reacheth sooner or later to the earth and therafter sheweth the effects so as the common people when they see the said foule weather past and all cleare and faire againe say then and not before That such a planet or Starre hath performed his course and is vpon the point of his Tropicke or return againe Moreouer considering that al these occurrents depend much vpon those stars which be set fixed in the firmament yet shall ye haue the Planets play their parts besides which by their motions and operations worke no small effects vpon the earth as we haue shewed before and namely causing betweene-whiles stormes of raine and haile out of course no maruell then If they trouble our heads and put vs out of our account interrupting that order of the fixed Stars vpon which we conceiued and built our hope of the faire season and our new spring And herin not we only that be men faile of our reckoning but other liuing creatures also be deceiued which naturally haue much more sense and vnderstanding of these workes of Nature than we in as much as their whole life standeth thereupon for the Summer-birds as great fore-sight as they haue of such seasons and tempests are ouer-taken and killed by Winter frosts and cold comming sooner than they looked for and before they be gone out of the countrey as also winter foules miscarrie by the hot weather of summer continuing longer than it was woont and holding on still after they be come Hereupon it is that Virgil expressely willeth vs to learne throughly the skill of the wandring Starres or Planets also and principally giueth vs warning to marke the course of that cold Planet Saturne But now to come more particularly to the signs which fore-token the Spring some there be that goe by the Butterflie and hold that their brood comming abroad is an assured token that the Spring is come for that these creatures so feeble are not able to abide any cold howbeit this was checked that very yere wherin I wrote this Book or History of Natures work for seen it was and marked very well that 3 flights of them one after another were killed with the cold weather that surprised them thrice for that they were stirring too early and came abroad ouersoon Yea and the very birds who are our guests in warm weather visited vs fiue or sixe daies before Februarie made a goodly shew of a timely Spring putting vs in good hope that al cold weather was gone howbeit there ensued a most bitter after winter streight vpon it that nipped and killed them in manner euerie one Hard and doubtfull therefore is the case that whereas first and principally we were to fetch our rule from the heauens to guide and direct vs then afterwards we should be driuen to goe by other signes and arguments meere conjecturall But aboue all the cause of this incertitude and difficultie is partly the conuexity of the cope of heauen and partly the diuerse climats obserued in the globe of the earth by meanes whereof one and the same star seemeth to rise at sundrie times in diuerse countres and appears sooner or later to some than to others and therefore the cause depending thereupon is not in all places of like validity nor sheweth the same effects alwaies at the same times And yet there is one difficultie more arising from those Authors who writing of one and the same thing haue deliuered diuers opinions according to the sundry climates wherein they were at what time as they obserued the figure and constitution of the heauens Now were there of these Astronomers three Sects to wit the Chaldaeans the Aegyptians and the Greekes To which there may be added a fourth which among vs Caesar the Dictatour first erected who obseruing the course of the Sun and taking with him also the aduise of Sosigenes a learned Mathematitian and skilfull Astronomer in his time reduced the yeare vnto the said reuolution Howbeit in this calculation of his there was found an error and short he came of the marke which he aimed at by reason that there was no Bissextile or leap yere by him inserted but after 12 yeres Now when it was obserued by this reckoning that the sun had performed his reuolution sooner than the yere turned about which before was wont to preuent the course of the Sun this error was reformed and after euery fourth yeare expired came about the Bissextile aforesaid and made al streight Sosigenes also himselfe albeit he was reputed a more curious and exquisite Mathematician than the rest yet in three seuerall treatises that he made retracting or correcting that in one booke that he had set down in another seemed euermore to write doubtfully and left the thing in as great ambiguitie vndertermined as he found it As for these writers whose names I haue alleadged prefixed in the front of this present volume now in hand they haue likewise deliuered their opinions as touching this point but hardly shal you find two of them in one the same mind Lesse maruell then if the rest haue varied one from another who may pretend for their excuse the diuers tracts and climates wherein they wrote As for those who liued
vnlike to theirs that will seem to dedicat it particularly and by name to a Prince so iudicious as your selfe For had I set forth this my booke simply and staied there without any personal dedication thē I might haue come vpon you said Sir what should a mightie Commander and Generall of the field as you are busie himselfe to read such matters written these treatises were to the capacitie of the vulgar people for base commons rude husbandmen and peasants of the countrie for poore artisans and in one word to gratifie them who had no other means of great emploiment nor time leisure but to studie vpon such points and nothing else What should you make your selfe a censor of this worke and verily when I made first shew of this enterprise of mine I never reckned you in the number of those iudges that should passe their sentence vpon these writings I wist full well that you were a greater person far I supposed that you would neuer abase your selfe nor stoupe so low as to read this booke of mine Ouer and besides a common case it is and incident to men of deepe learning and great conceit that otherwhiles exception may be taken against them and their iudgement reiected in this behalfe Euen M. Tullius that renowmed Orator and who for wit and learning had not his fellow taking the vantage of that libertie vseth the benefit thereof and whereat wee may well maruell maintaineth the action by an aduocate and taketh example for his defence from Lucilius for in one part of his workes thus bee saith I would not haue learned Persius to read these bookes of mine loth I am that hee should censure mee As for Laelius Decimus I am content to submit them to his opinion Now if such an one as Lucilius who was the first that durst controule the writing of others and tooke vpon him to scoffe at their imperfections had rather thus to say if Cicero tooke occasion to borrow the said speech of him for to serue his owne turne and namely in his Treatise of Politiques where he wrote of a Common-weal how much greater cause haue I to distrust my self and to decline and auoid the censure of some judge of deepe vnderstanding But cut I am from this refuge and meanes of defence in that I expressely make choise of you in this dedication of my worke for one thing it is to haue a judge either pricked by pluralitie of voices or cast vpon a man by drawing lots and a farre other thing to chuse and nominate him from all others and great difference there is between that cheare and prouision which we make for a ghest solemnely bidden and inuited and the suddaine fare and intertainement which is ready for a stranger who commeth to our house vnlooked for Cato that professed enemie of ambition vain-glory and indirect suit for offices who took as great contentment in those estates and dignities which he refused and reiected as in them which he enioied attained to this good name of vprightnesse and sinceritie that when in the hottest broile about election of Magistrates that euer was in his time they that stood therefore put into his hands their mony vpon trust as a cautionary pawne and assurance of their integritie and fidelitie that way they professed that they did it in testimony of their conceit of his equitie and innocence the chiefe and onely thing that a man is to regard in this life whereupon ensued the noble and memorable exclamation of M. Cicero who speaking of the said Cato brake out into these words Oh gentle M Portius how happy and blessed art thou whom no man was euer so hardie as to sollicite to any leaud thing or contrary to right and honestie L. Scipio surnamed Asiaticus at what time as hee appealed vnto the Tribunes of the Commons and besought their lawfull fauour among whom C. Gracchus was one a man whom hee tooke for his mortall enemie presuming vpon the goodnesse of his cause gaue out and said That his very enemies if they were his iudges could not chuse but quit him and giue sentence on his side Thus wee see how euerie man maketh him peremtorily the supreme and highest iudge of his cause whom himselfe chuseth and appealeth vnto which manner of choise the Latines call Prouocatio As for your selfe verily who are set in the most eminent chiefe place among men and otherwise endued with singular eloquence and profound knowledge no maruell is it if those that doe their dutie vnto you salute you kisse your hand and come with great respect and reuerence In which regard exceeding care aboue all things would be had that whatsoeuer is said or dedicated vnto you may beseem your person and be worth acceptation And yet the gods reject not the humble prayers of poore countrey peasants yea and of manie nations who offer nothing but milke vnto them and such as haue no Incense find grace and fauour many times with the oblation of a plaine cake made onely of Meale and salt and neuer was any man blamed yet for his deuotion to the gods so he offered according to his abilitie were the thing neuer so simple For mine owne part challenged I may be more still for this my importune and inconsiderat boldnesse in that I would seeme to present these bookes vnto you comprised of so slender stuffe and matter as they be for therein can be touched no great wit which otherwise in me was euer meane and simple neither admit they any digressions orations speeches and discourses ne yet admirable cases and variable chanses or any other occurrent either pleasant to rehearse or delectable to heare The truth is this the nature of all things in this world that is to say matters concerning our daily and ordinarie life are here deciphered and declared and that in barrein terms without any goodly shew of gay and glorious phrases and whatsoeuer I haue put downe concerne it doth the basest points thereof insomuch as for the most part I am to deliver the thing in hand either in rusticall speech or else in forraine nay in barbarous language such also as may not well be vttered but with reseruing honour to the hearers and reuerence to the readers Moreouer the way that I haue entred into hath not bin troden beforetime by other writers being indeed so strange and vncouth as a mans mind would not willingly trauell therin No Latin author among vs hath hitherto once ventured vpon the same argument no one Grecian whatsoeuer hath gone through it and handled all and no maruell for many of vs loue not to take any paines but study rather to pen matters of delight and pleasure True it is I must needs say that others haue made profession hereof but they haue done it with such subtiltie and deepenesse that all their trauels and writings by that means lie as it were dead and buried in darkenesse Now come I and take vpon me to speak of euery thing and to
region 18. Venice the tenth region 19. Of Istria 20. Of the Alps and the nations there inhabiting 21. Illyricum 22. Liburnia 23. Macedonie 24. Noricum 25. Pannonie and Dalmatia 26. Moesia In this book are described 26 Islands within the Adriatick and Ionian seas their principall cities townes and nations Also the chiefe and famous riuers the highest hills speciall Islands besides townes and countries that be perished In summe here are comprised notable things histories matters memorable and obseruations to the number of 326. Latine Writers brought in for testimonie Turannius Graccula Cor. Nepos T. Livius Cato Censorius M. Agrippa M. Varro Divus Augustus the Emperour Varro Attacinus Antias Hyginus L. Vetus Mela Pomponius Curio the father Coelius Aruntius Sebosus Licinius Mutianus Fabricius Thuscus L. Atteius Capito Verrius Flaccus L. Piso C. Aelianus and Valerianus Forreine Authours Artimidorus Alexander Polyhistor Thucidides Theophrastus Isidorns Theopompus Metrodorus Scepsius Callicrates Xenophon Lampsasenus Diodorus Syracusanus Nymphodorus Calliphanes and Timagâ—…nes ¶ IN THE FOVRTH BOOKE ARE COMPRISED Regions Nations Seas Townes Hills Hauens Riuers with theis dimensions and people either now or in times past knowne viz Chap. 1. Epirus 2. Aetolia 3. Locri. 4. Peloponnesus 5. Achaia 6. Arcadia 7. Greece and Attica 8. Thessalie 9. Magnesia 10. Macedonia 11. Thracia 12. The Islands lying between those countries among which Creta Euboea the Cvclads Sporades also the Isles within Hellespont neare the sea Pontus within Moeotis Dacia Sarmatia and Scythia 13. The Islands of Pontus called Mer Major 14. The Islands of Germanie 15. Islands in the French Ocean 16. Britaine and Ireland 17. Gaule or France 18 Of Galia Lugdunensis 19. Of Aquitaine 20. Of high Spaine named Citerior 21. Of Portugall 22. Islands in the Ocean 23. The dimension and measure of all Europe Herein are contained many principall townes and countries famous riuers Islands also besides cities or nations that be perished in sum diuerse things histories and obseruations Latine Authours cited M. Varr Cato Censorius M. Agrippa Divus Augustus Varro Attacinus Cor. Nepos Hyginus L. Vetus Pomponius Mela Licinius Mutianus Fabricius Thuscus Atteius Capito and Atteius Philologus Of forreine Writers Polybius Hecataeus Hellanicus Damastes Eudoxus Dicaearchus Timosthenes Ephorus Crater Grammaticus Serapion of Antioch Callimachus Artemidorus Apollodorus Agathocles Eumachus Siculus the Musitian Alexander Polyhistor Thucydides Dociades Anaximander Philistides Mallotes Dionysius Aristides Callidemus Menaechmus Aedasthenes Anticlides Heraclides Philemon Menephon Pythias Isodorus Philonides Xenagoras Astyonomus Staphilus Aristocritus Metrodorus Cleobulus and Posidonius IN THE FIFTH BOOKE ARE CONTAINED Regions Nations Seas Townes Hills Riuers with their measures and people either at this day being or in times past that is to say Chap. 1. Maurtania 2. The Prouince Tingitana 3. Numidia 4. Affricke 5. Cyrene 6. Lybia Maraeotis 7. Islands lying about Affrick ouer-against Affricke 8. The Aethiopians 9. Asia 10. Alexandria 11. Arabia 12. Syria Palaestina Phoenice 13. Idumaea Syria Palaestina Samaria 14. Iudaea Galilea 15. Iordan the riuer 16. The lake Asphaltites 17. The Essenes 18. The countrey Decapolis 19. Tyrus and Sidon 20. The mount Libanus 21. Syria Antiochena 22. The mountaine Casius 23. Coele-Syria 24. The riuer Euphrates 25. The region Palmyra 26. Hierapolis the countrey 27. Cilicia and the nations adioyning Pamphilia Isauria Homonades Pisidia Lycaonia the mountaine Taurus and Lycia 28. The riuer Indus 29. Laodicea Apamia Ionia and Ephesus 30. Aeolis Troas Pergamus 31. Islands affront Asia the Pamphilian Sea Rhodus Samus and Chius 32. Hellespont Mysia Phrygia Galatia Nicea Bithynia Bosphorus Herein you find townes and nations Principall Riuers Famous Hils Islands 117 Townes Also that are lost and perished In summe many things histories and obseruations memorable Latine Authors alledged Agrippa Suetonius Paulinus Varro Atacinus Cornelius Nepos Hyginus L. Vetus Mela Domitius Corbulo Licinius Mutianus Clandius Caesar Aruntius Livius the son Sebosus the Acts and Records of the Triumphs Forreine Wâ—…iters King Iuba Hecataeus Hellanicus Damastes Dicaearchus Bion Timosthenes Philonides Xenagoras Astynomus Staphilus Aristotle Dionysius Aristocritus Ephorus Eratosthenes Hipparchus Panaetius Serapion Antiochenus Callimachus Agathocles Polybius Timaeus the Mathematician Herodotus Myrlus Alexander Polyhistor Metrodorus Posidonius who wrate Periplus or Periegesis Sotades Periander Aristarchus Sicyonius Eudoxus Antigenâ—…s Callicratus Xenophon Lampsacenus Diodorus Syâ—…acusanus Hanno Himilco Nymphodorus Calliphon Artemidorus Megasthenes Isidorus Celobulus Aristocrcon IN THE SIXTH BOOKE ARE CONTAINED Regions Nations Seas Cities Hauens Riuers with their dimensions People also that be or haue been to wit Chap. 1. The sea called Pontus Euxinus before time Axenus 2. The nations of the Paphlagones and Cappadocians 3. Cappadocia 4. The nations of the countrey Themiscyra 5. The Region Colchica The Achaei and the rest in that tract 6. Bosphorus Cimmerius and Moeotis 7. The people about Moeotis 8. The Armeniae both 9. Armenia the greater 10. Albania Iberia 11. The Scluses and gates Caucasiae 12. Islands in Pontus 13. Nations about the Scythian Ocean 14. Media and the gates or streights Caspiae 15. Nations about the Hircane sea 16. Also other nations confining vpon that Countrey 17. People of Scythia 18. The riuer Ganges 19. The nations of India 20. The riuer Indus 21. The Arians and the nations bordering vpon them 22. The Island Taprobane 23. Capissene Carmaenia 24. The Persian and Arabian gulfes 25. The Island Cassandrus and kingdomes of the Parthians 26. Media Mesopotamia Babylon Seleucia 27. The riuer Tigris 28. Arabia Nomades Nabathaei Omani Tylos and Ogyris two Islands 29. The gulfes of the red sea the Troglodite and Aethyopian feas 30. Diuerse nations of strange and wonderfull shapes 31. Islands of the Aethyopian sea 32. Of the fortunat Islands 33. The diuision of the earth calculated by measures 34. A diuision of the earth by climates lines parallele and equall shadowes Townes of name 195. Nations of account 566. Famous riuers 180. Notablehils 38. Principall Islands 108. Cities and Nations perished 195. In summe there are rehearsed in this booke of other things histories and obseruations 2214. Latine Authors alleadged M. Agrippa Varro Atacinus Cornelius Nepos Hyginus Lu. Vetus Mela Pomponius Domitius Corbulo Licineus Mutianus Claudius Caesar Aruntius Sebosus Fabricius Thuseus T. Livius Seneca Nigidius Forreine writers King Iuba Polybius Hecataeus Hellanicus Damastes Eudoxus Dicaearchus Beto Timosthenes Patrocles Demodamas Clitarchus Eratosthenes Alexander Magnus Ephorus Hipparchus Panaetius Callimachus Artemidorus Apollodorus Agathocles Polybius Eumachus Siculus Alexander Polyhistor Amometus Metrodorus Posidonius Onesicritus Nearchus Megasthenes Diognetus Aristocreon Bion Dialdon Simonides the younger Basiles and Xenophon Lampsacenus ¶ IN THE SEVENTH BOOKE ARE CONTAINED the wonderfull shapes of men in diuerse countries Chap. 1. The strange formes of many nations 2. Of the Scythians and other people of diverse countries 3. Of monstrous and prodigious births 4. The transmutation of one sex into another Also of twins 5. Of the generation of man The time of a womans child-bearing from seuen moneths to eleuen proued by notable examples out of histories 6. Of
Celsus Nigidius Trebius Niger Pomponius Mela Manlius Sura Forreine writers King Iuba Polybius Onesicritus Isidorus Antipater Aristotle Demetrius the naturall Philosopher Democritus Theophrastus Euanthes Agrippa who wrote of the Olympionicae Hiero King Attalus King Philometer Ctesias Duris Philistus Architus Philarchus Amphilocus the Athenian Anaxipolis the Thasian Apollodorus of Lemnos Aristophanes the Milesian Antigonus the Cymaean Agathocless of Chyos Apollonicus of Pergamus Aristander of Athens Bacchus the Milesian Bion of Soli Chaereas the Athenian Diodorus of Pyreaeum Dio the Colophonian Epigenes of Rhodes Evagon of Thassus Euphranius the Athenian Hegesias of Maronea Menander of Pyreaeum Menander also of Heraclea Menecrates the Poet Androcian who wrote of Agriculture or Husbandry Aeschrion who likewise wrote of that argument Dionysius who translated Mago Diophanes who collected an Epitome or Breuiarie out of Dionisius King Archelaus and Nicander ¶ IN THE NINTH BOOKE ARE CONTAIned the Stories and Natures of Fishes and water-creatures Chap. 1. The nature of water-creatures 2. The reason why the creatures of the sea are of all other biggest 3. The monstrous beasts of the Indian sea 4. The greatest fishes and beasts in euerie part of the Ocean 5. Of Tritones Nereides and sea Elephants their shapes and formes 6. Of great Whales called Balaenae and Oreae 7. Whether fishes doe take and deliuer their breath whether they sleepe or no 8. Of Dolphins and their wonderfull properties 9. Of the Tursiones 10. Of the sea Tortoises and how they bee taken 11. Who first deuised to sliue the Tortoise shels into leaues 12. The skins and shels of the sea creatures the diuision of them into their seuerall kinds 13. Of the Seale or sea-Calfe 14. Of fishes smooth and without haire how they spawn and breed and how many sorts there be of them 15. The names and natures of many fishes 16. The presages by fishes and their variety 17. Of the Mullet and other fishes That the same fishes are not in request in all places 18. Of the Barble the sea Rauen Coracinus of Stockfish and Salmon 19. Of the Exoecetus Calamaries Lampreies c. 20. The diuision of fishes by the shapes of their bodies 21. Of Eeles 22. The manner of taking them in the lake Benacus 23. The nature of the Lamprey 24. Of flat and broad fishes 25. Of the stay-ship Echeneis and his wonderfull nature 26. The changeable nature of fishes 27. Of the fish called the Lanterne and the sea Dragon 28. Of fishes wanting bloud 29. Of the Pourcuttle the Cuttle fish the Calamarie and the fish called the Sayler or Mariner 30. The fish Ozaena and Nauplius also of Lobsters 31. Of Crabs Sea Porkespines and of the greater sort named Echinometrae 32. Of Wilkes Cockles and shell sishes 33. Of Scallops Porcellanes of the shell fish Murex and other such 34. The riches and treasures of the sea 35. Of Pearles how they be engendred and where also how they be found 36. The nature of the Purple fish and the Burrets or Murices 37. How many kinds there be of purple fishes 38. How the purple fishes be taken 39. When purple was first worne in the city of Rome 40. The price of purple clothes at Rome 41. The dying of the Amethyst colour of the Skarlet in grain and the light Skarlet Hysginus 42. Of the fish called the Nacre and his guide or keeper Pinnoteres also the intelligence of fishes and water creatures 43. Of Scolopendres sea Foxes and the fishes Glani 44. Of the fish called the sea Ram. 45. Of those things which haue a third nature beeing neither liuing creatures ne yet plants to wit of sea Nettles and Spunges 46. Of Houndfishes or sea dogs 47. Of sea fishes that haue stony shels of those that haue no sence at all of other nastie and filthie creatures 48. Of sea fishes venomous 49. The diseases incident to fishes 50. The admirall generation of Fishes 51. Item Another discourse of their generation and what fishes they bee which doe lay egges 52. The matrices or wombes of fishes 53. What fishes liue longest 54. Of Oyster pits and who did first deuise them 55. Who first inuented stewes and ponds to feed Lampreies in 56. The stewes and ponds for other shell Fishes and who brought them vp first to be vsed 57. Of fishes that haunt the land 58. The rats of Nilus 59. Of the fish called Anthias and how hee is taken 60. Of the sea starres 61. Of the fishes Dactyli and their admirable properties 62. What fishes do entertain amitie one with another and which be euer at warre In summe this Booke containeth stories notable things and obseruations to the number of 650 collected Out of Latine Authors Turanius Graccula Trogus Mecaenas Alfius Flavus Cornelius Nepos Laberius the writer of merry Epigrams Fabianus Fenestella Mutianus Aelius Stilo Statius Sebosus Melissus Seneca Cicero Macer Aemylius Messana Corvinus Trebius Niger and Nigidius Out of Forreine Writers Aristotle king Archelaus Callimachus Democritus Theophrastus Thrasyllus Hegesidemus of Cythnos and Alexander Polyhistor ¶ IN THE TENTH BOOKE ARE CONTAIned the natures and stories of Foules and flying creatures Chap. 1. The nature of Foules 2. Of the Phoenix 3. Of Aegles 4. When the Romane legions vsed the Aegle standard and other ensignes Also with what creatures Aegles maintaine fight 5. A strange and wonderfull case as touching an Aegle 6. Of the Vultures or Geires 7. Of the foule Sangualis 8. Of Faulcons and Hawkes 9. Of the Cuckow which is killed by birds of her owne kind 10. Of Kites or Puttockes 11. A diuision of birds into generall kinds 12. Of vnluckie and ominous birds the Crow the Rauen and the Like-owle 13. Of the foule that carieth fire in her mouth 14. Of the bird Clivina 15. Of many birds vnknowne 16. Of foules that flie by night 17. Of Howlets 18. Of the Wood-pecker 19. Of birds which haue clawes and crooked tallons 20. Of Peacockes and who killed them first for to be serued at the table 21. Of Cockes how they be cut of a dunghill cocke that spake 22. Of Geese who first deuised to make a daintie dish of the Goose liuer the grauie or fat of Geese called Comagenum 23. Of Cranes Storkes Swans strange foules of outlandish countries of Quailes and the bird Glotis 24. Of Swallowes and Martins of Blackbirds Thrushes and Merles of Sterlings Turtle-doues and Quoists or Ring-doues 25. Of birds that tarie with vs all the yere long of birds that be for halfe a yeare onely and others that remaine but three moneths 26. Maruellous stories of birds 27. Of birds called Seleucides 28. Of the foule Ibis 29. What birds will not abide in all places which they be that change both hew and voice also of Nightingales 30. Of Merles or Ousels 31. The time wherein birds breed lay and sit 32. Of the birds Halciones the nauigable daies that they doe shew of the Sea-guls and Cormorants 33. The industry and subtilty of birds in building their neasts of the
are supposed vnhappie which they bee that soone lose their fruit and last of all what trees shew fruit before they be put forth 27. Of trees that beare fruit twice and thrice in one yeere what trees sodainely wax old the age of trees 28. Of the Mulbertie tree 29. Of trees growing wild 30. Of the Box tree and the great Beane tree or Lotus 31. Of the boughs branches barke tinde and root of trees 32. Of prodigious trees that presage somewhat to come of trees that spring and grow of themselues Also a discourse that all trees grow not in euery place and what trees will not liue but in this or that one place 33. Of the Cyprus tree Also that the ground will bring forth some new plants that neuer were set sowne or growing there before 34. Of Yvie 35. Of the Ivie called Smilax 36. Of Reeds Canes and shrubs growing in water 37. Of the osier or willow eight sorts thereof also what twigs besides osiers and willowes are good for winding and to bind withall of bushes and grieues 38. The juice and liquor of trees the nature of their wood and timber also of hewing downe and falling trees 39. Of the Larch tree the Fir and the Sapine the time of cutting them downe and such like 40. Sundry sorts of wood the extraordinarie bignesse of trees what wood is not subject to be worme-eaten nor to decay other trees that be euerlasting 41. Of Woodwormes 42. Of timber fit for carpentrie and building what timber is good for this or that vse and namely which is best and more firme and durable for rouses of houses 43. The maner of glewing bourds and planks also of rent and clouen stuffe 44. The age of trees which be they that last not long of Misselto and of the Priests Druydae In summe this booke comprehendeth of notable things histories and obseruations an hundred and fiue and thirtie Latine Authors alledged M. Varro Faecialis Nigidius Cornelius Nepos Hyginus Massurius Cato Mutianus Lucius Piso Trogus Calphurnius Bassus Cremutius Sextius Niger Cornelius Bocchus Vitruvius and Graecinus Forreine Writers Alexander Polyhistor Hesiodus Theophrastus Democritus Homer Timaeus the Mathematician ¶ THE SEVENTEENTH BOOKE CONTAIneth the nature of trees planted set and well kept in Hort-yards Chap. 1. Trees of wonderfull price 2. Of the nature of heauen and the skie respectiue vnto trees and what part of the skie they ought to regard 3. The societie and accord of the clymat and the soile requisit for trees 4. The qualities of the grounds in diuers regions 5. Sundry kinds of ground and earth 6. Of a kind of earth or marle that they in Britaine and France set much store by 7. What the Greekes haue taught and what rules they haue giuen as touching this point 8. Of more kinds of earth 9. The vse of ashes and of dung what plants will enrich the ground and make it more battell contrariwise which they bee that burne out the heart thereof 10. The planting or setting of trees how to make a sion or slip to take and grow againe that is plucked from the root of the stocke 11. Of transplanting out of Seminaries yong trees that came of pepins and seeds 12. The spaces betweene and distance to bee regarded in planting trees the shadow and droppings either from house eaues or other trees 13. What trees grow apace and which thriue but slowly also of the Savine 14. The setting and graffing imps and sions of trees in the stocke or cliffe 15. Of the manner how to graffe a vine 16. Of inoculation or graffing in the leafe or scutcheon with a plaster 17. An example or experiment of this kinde of graffing 18. The order of planting and husbanding oliues and which is the proper time for graffing 19. What trees loue the companie and societie of others the skill of baring the roots about trees cutting off their superfluous spurns and raising hils about the roots 20. Of willow banks and rows of osiers of places where reeds and canes are nourished of other plants vsed to be cut for poles pearches stakes and forkes 21. The manner of planting vines the skill of trimming them 22. The furrow about vines and the pruning of them 23. The manner of planting trees to serue for vines to run vpon 24. How to keepe and preserue grapes the diseases incident to trees 25. Of sundrie prodigious and monstrous sights shewed in trees also of an olive yard which in old time remooued and was transplanted from one side of a great high way to the other 26. Remedies against the diseases and imperfections or faults in trees 27. Of scarification and paring of trees and the manner of dunging them 28. Divers medicines against venomous beasts and pismires and other creatures noisome and hurtfull to trees In summe here bee contained notable matters stories and obseruations to the number of fiue hundred eightie and one Latine Authors alledged Cornelius Nepos Cato Censorius M. Varro Celsus Virgil Hyginus Sarsennae both father and sonne Scrophas Calphurnius Bassus Trogus Aemilius Macer Graecinus Columella Atticus Iulius Fabianus Sura Manlius Dorsenus Mundus Caius Epidicus and L Piso. Forreine Writers Isidorus Theophrastus Aristotle Democritus Theopompus king Hiero K. Attalus K. Philometor Archytas Xenophon Amphilochus the Arhenian Anaxipolis the Thasian Apollodorus of Lemnos Aristophanes the Milesian Antigonus the Cymaean Agathocles the Chian Apollonius of Pergamus Bacchius the Milesian Bion Chaerea the Athenian also Chaeristus of Athens Diodorus of Priene Dion the Colophonian Epigenes the Rhodian Evagon the Thasian Euphron the Athenian Androcion Aeschrion Lysimachus who all three wrote of Agriculture Dionysius who translated the bookes of Mago and Diophanes who out of Dionysius collected a Breviarie and Aristander who made a treatise of Wonders and portenteous tokens ¶ THE EIGHTEENTH BOORE IS A TREATISE of Agriculture or Husbandrie Chap. 1. That our ancestors in old time were exceeding much giuen to husbandrie Also the singular care that men had to looke vnto hortyards and gardens 2. Of the first chaplets and guirlands vsed at Rome 3. Of the acre of ground and halfe acre called at Rome Iugeris Actus The antient ordinances concerning cattell in what time the market for victuals was exceeding cheap at Rome and who were famous renowmed for husbandrie and tilling the ground 4. The ancient manner of tilling the earth 5. Where a ferme house is to bee seated and built conueniently certain rules in old time concerning tillage 6. A discourse as touching the praise of husbandmen what rules are to be obserued to come by a good peece of land 7. Diuers kinds of corne and their nature 8. That all sorts of graine will not grow euery where Of other kindes of corne in the Levant or East countries 9. Of baking and pastrie of grinding and of meale 10. Of the fine cocked flour of the white flour of wheat and of other sorts of floure the manner of moulding and making dough and baking 11. The manner of making and laying
his heeles and biting withall that he made an end of the conquerour champion There was another great horse hoodwinked because he should couer a mare but perceiuing after that he was vnhooded that he serued as a stalion to his own dam that foled him ran vp to a steep rock with a downfall and there for griefe cast himselfe down and died We find also in record That in the territorie of Reate there was a mare killed all to rent an horsekeeper vpon the same occasion For surely these beasts know their parentage those that are next to them in bloud And therefore we see that the colts will in the flocke more willingly keep company and sort with their sisters of the former yere than with the mare their mother Horses are so docile and apt to learne what we find in histories how in the army of Sibaritanes the whole troup of horsemen had their horses vnder them and vsed to leap and daunce to certaine musicke that they were wonted and accustomed vnto They haue a fore-knowledge when battell is toward they will mourne for the losse of their maisters yea and other whiles shed teares and weep pitiously for loue of them When king Nicomedes was slaine the horse for his owne saddle would neuer eat meat after but for very anguish died with famine Philarchus reporteth That king Antiochus hauing in battaile slaine one Centaretus a brave horsman of the Gallogreeks or Galatians became maister of his horse and mounted vpon him in triumphant wise But the horse of him that lay dead in the place and vpon whom Antiochus was mounted for very anger and indignation at this indignitie passed neither for bit nor bridle so as he could not be ruled and so ran furiously among the cragges and rocks where both horse and man came downe head long and perished both together Philistus writeth That Dyonisius was forced to leaue his horse sticking fast in a quaue-mire and got away but the horse after he had recouered himselfe and was gotten forth followed the tracts of his master with a swarm or cast of bees setling in his mane and this was the first presage of good fortune that induced Denis to vsurp the kingdome of Sicilie Of what perceiuance and vnderstanding they be it cannot be exprest that know those light horsmen full well that vse to launce darts and iauelines from horseback by the hard seruice that they put their horses to which they doe with great dexteritie resolution in straining winding and turning their bodies nimbly euery way Nay ye shall haue of them togather vp darts and iauelines from the ground and reach them againe to the horsman And commonly we see it to be an ordinary matter with them in the great race or shew place when they are set in their geirs to draw the chariots how they ioy when they are encouraged and praised giuing no doubt a great proofe and confessing that they are desirous of glorie At the secular solemnities exhibited by Claudius Caesar in the Circensian games the horses with the white liuery notwithstanding their driuer and gouernour the charioter was cast and flung to the ground euen within the bars wan the best prize went away with the honour of that day For of themselues they brake and bare down whatsoeuer might impeach them of running the race thoroughout they did all that euer was to be done against their concurrents and aduersaries of the contrarie side as well as if a most expert chariot-man had been ouer their backes to direct and instruct them At the sight wherof men were ashamed ta see their skill art to be ouermatched surmounted by horses And to conclude when they had performed their race as much as by law of the game was required they stood stil at the very goale and would no farther A greater wonder and presage was this in old time that in the Circensian games exhibited by the people the horses after they had flung and cast their gouernour ran directly vp to the Capitol as well as if he had stood still in his place and conducted them and there fetcht three turnes round about the temple of Iupiter But the greatest of all was this which I shall now tell That the horses of Ratumenus who had woon the price in the horse-running at Veij threw their Mr. down and came from thence euen out of Tuscane as far as to the foresaid Capitoll carrying thither the Palme branch and chaplet of Victory woon by Ratumenas their Mr. of whom the gate Ratumena took afterwards the name at Rome The Sarmatians minding to take a great iournie prepare their horses two daies before and giue them no meat at all only a little drinke they allow them and thus they will ride them gallop 150 miles an end and neuer draw bridle Horses liue many of them 50 yeres but the mares not so long In fiue yeres they come to their full growth whereas stone horses grow one yere longer The making of good horses indeed and their beautie such as a man will chuse for the best hath bin most elegantly and absolutely described by the Poet Virgill And somewhat also haue I written of that argument in my booke which I lately put forth as touching Tournois and shooting from horsebacke and in those points required and there set downe I see all writers in manner to agree But for horses that must be trained to run the race some considerations are to be had and obserued different from horses of other vse and seruice For whereas to other affaires and imploiments they may be brought when they are two yeeres old colts and not vpward to the Lists they must not be brought to enter into any mastries there before they be full fiue yeres of age The female in this kind go eleuen months compleat with young and in the twelfth they fole commonly the stalion and the mare are put together when both of of them are full two yeeres old and that about the Spring Equinoctiall that is to say in mid-March but if they be kept asunder vntill they are full 3 yeeres of age they breed stronger colts The Stalion is able to get colts vntil he be three and thirtie yers old for commonly when they haue serued in the race and run ful twenty yeres they are discharged from thence let go abroad for to serue mares And men say that they will hold to 40 yeeres with a little helpe put to the forepart of his body that he may be lifted vp handsomly to couer the mare Few beasts besides are lesse able to ingender and leape the female often nor sooner haue enough of them For which cause they be allowed some space between euery time that they do their kind And in one yeere the most that the Stallion is able to do that way is to couer 15 mares and that is somewhat with the oftenest If ye would coole the courage quench the lust of a mare share and clipher mane
strengthen the heart vpon the recouerie of a long and dangerous sicknesse and is besides singular good to stay the stomacke after much casting and vomiting Heraclides was wont to giue Skirworts to them who had drunk Quick-siluer so such also as were but cold could not sufficiently perform the duties of mariage finally to them that being newly crept out of their beds after some grieuous disease had need of restoratiues Hicesius was of this mind and said they were good for the stomacke because no man could possibly eat 3 Skirwort roots together and yet he thinks that they would agree very well with those weak persons who were lately sick and newly walking abroad against they should fall to their old drinking of wine again But to come more particularly to the garden Skirwort If the juice therof be drunke with Goats milke it stayeth the flux of the belly called the Laske And thus much for the Skirwort named in Latin Siser But forasmuch as the proximitie and likenes in many Greek names many a time confounds the memorie and deceiues them causing them to mistake one thing for another I wil for vicinitie and neighborhood sake annex vnto Siser the hearb Siser or Seseli for me thinks they will doe very well to stand together but this is an hearb very common and well known The best is that which comes from Marseils is therupon named Seseli Massiliense it hath a broad flat seed and a yellow A second kind thereof is named Aethiopicum with a blacker seed but the third which is brought from Candie and therefore termed Creticum is of all other most odoriferous smels sweetest The root of Seseli or Siser casts a pleasant sauor and as men say the Vultures also or Geirs feed on the seed If a man or woman drinke it with white wine it cures an old cough it knits those who are brusen bellied or haue ruptures and lastly helps them that be much troubled with cramps or convulsions Also if it be taken to the weight or quantitie of two or three Ligules it cures those who haue their necks drawn backward to their shoulders with the Spafme it corects the defects and faults of the liuer it allaies the wrings and torments of the guts and bringeth them to pisse with ease and freely who are afflicted with the Strangurie The very leaues of siler are also medicinable for they procure easy childbirth yea and in that respect the very dumb four-footed beast findeth the benefit therof and that know the Hinds well ynough by a secret instinct of nature who being neer their time and readie to calue feed vpon this hearbe most of all others Good it is against S. Anthonies fire applied to the place in manner of a liniment Certes if a man eat either the leafe or the seed of Siler presently after meat or at the latter end of repast it helpeth digestion It staies the gurrie or running out of the belly in 4 footed beasts whether it be giuen stamped by way of a drench and so injected or chewed drie among their salt meat If kine or oxen be sicke stampe it and pour it down their throats orels clysterize them with it As for Elecampane if it be chewed vppon an emptie stomacke fasting it confirms the loose teeth so that it be taken as it was digged forth of the earth before it touch the ground againe Beeing confected or condite it cures the cough The juice of the root sodden expells the broad wormes bred in the guts The pouder of it dried in the shadow helpeth the cough the stitch and cramp dissolueth windines is good for the accidents incident to the throat and windpipes It is a soueraign medicine against the pricks or stings of venimous beasts The leaues applied as a liniment with wine appease the extream pain of the loins As for Onions I canot find that there be any of them grow wild Those which are sown in gardens I am sure wil with their smel only cause the eyes to shed tears by that means clarify the sight but if they be anointed with the juice they will mundifie the better It is said that they will procure sleepe and heale the cankers or vlcers of the mouth beeing chewed with bread Also greene Onions applied with vinegre to the plaae bitten with a mad dog or els drie and laid to with Honey and Wine so the plaster or cataplasm be not remoued in three daies cureth the hurt without danger In this maner also they wil heal galled places Being rosted vnder the ashes many vse to apply them with Barly floure or meale as a pultesse or cataplasme to the eies that be waterie or rheumatick as also to the vlcers of the priuy parts The imunction of the eies with the juice therof is thought to clense their cicatrises or cloudines of the eies called the pin and web as also to cure the pearle there breeding moreouer the bloud shotting or red streaks in the white and the white spots appearing in the blacke circle about the apple Moreouer it cureth bitings stings of serpents yea and heales al vlcers being emplastred with honey Also the exulcerations or impostumes within the ears are by it womens milke cured And for to amend the ringing and vnkind sound and noise therin to recouer those that be hard of hearing many haue vsed to droppe the juice of Onions together with Goose grease or els hony Furthermore they giue it to be drunke with water to those that suddenly become speechlesse and dumb A collution also made with Onions helps the tooth-ach And being laid vpon wounds made either with prick or bite of any venomous beast and especially of Scorpions it is thought to be a soueraign salue Many are wont to very good effect for to bruse Onions and therewith to rub those parts that be troubled with a skurfe and running mange as also to recouer haire where it is shed and gon Being boiled they are giuen for to be eaten vnto those who are diseased with the blodie Flix or pain of the rains loins Their outward pilings burnt into ashes mingled with vinegre cure the bitings and stings of serpents if the place be bathed or anointed therwith yea and the very Onion it selfe being applied with vinegre cures the sting of that shrewd worme Milliped As for all other vertues and properties of Onions the Physicians are wonderful contrary one to another in their writings for our moderne and late writers do hold and so haue deliuered in their books That onions are hurtful to the parts about the heart other vitall members as also that they hinder digestion breeding wind and ventosities and causing drought or thirstinesse Asclepiades and his sect or followers contrariwise affirme That onions are so wholsome that they will make them well colored who vse to feed vpon them and more than so they say that if one in health euery day eat of them fasting he shall be sure
mouth and layd abroad in the Sun it wil ingender wormes and magots The people of Africk are verily persuaded and so they giue out That if one be stung with a scorpion the same day that he hath eaten Basil it is vnpossible for to scape with life Likewise some hold opinion and would beare vs in hand That if a man stamp a bunch or handfull of Basill together with ten sea crabs or as many craifishes of the fresh water all the Scorpions thereabout will meet and gather together about that bait Finally Diodorus in his Empiricks or book of approued receits and medicines saith That the eating of Basil ingendreth lice Contrariwise the later writers and modern phisitians defend maintain the vse of Basil as stoutly as the other blamed it for first they auouch constantly That Goats vse to feed therupon Secondly That no man was euer known to go beside himselfe who did eat thereof Thirdly That Basil taken in wine with a little vineger put therto cureth as wel the sting of land scorpions as the venom of those in the sea Moreouer they affirme vpon their knowledge by experience That a perfume made of Basil and vinegre is singular good to recouer and fetch them again that be gon in a swound Also that in the same maner prepared it rouseth and wakeneth those that be in a lethargie and sleep continually yea and mightily cooleth and refresheth them that be inflamed in a burning heat A liniment made with Basill oile Rosat or oile of Myrtles in stead thereof with vineger asswageth the paine of the head Moreouer being laied to the eies with wine it staieth the waterish rheume that runs thither Furthermore comfortable it is to the stomack as they say for being taken with Vinegre it dissolueth ventosities and breaketh wind by rifting vpward Being applied outwardly it bindeth and staieth the running out or flux of the belly and yet it causeth free passe of vrine in abundance After the same maner it doth good in case of Iaunise and dropsie It represseth the rage of choler that moueth both vpward and downward yea and staieth all defluxions from the stomack And therefore Philistio knew what he did well enough when he gaue it to those that were troubled with the stomachical flux As also Plistonicus was well aduised in ministring it sodden for the bloudy flix the exulceration of the guts and the Collicke Some there be who giue it in wine to them who run euer and anon to the close stoole sit downe and do nothing to those that reach and cast vp bloud yea and to mollifie the hardnesse of the precordiall parts Being laid as a liniment to the nurses paps it restraineth the abundance of milk vea and drieth it vp There is not a better thing in the world for to be dropped into the eares of little babes and sucking children and namely with goose-grease If the seed be brused and so snuffed or drawn vp into the nosthrils it prouoketh sneesing The iuice moreouer laid as a liniment to the forehead openeth the passages that the rheumes or cold which lay in the head may breake away Being taken at meat and dipped in vinegre it mundifieth the matrice and natural parts of women Mixed with Copperose or Vitriol it taketh away warts Finally it setteth folk forward to venerious pleasure which is the reason that men vse to lay Basil vpon the shap of mares or she Asses at the time of their couering CHAP. XIII ¶ Of wild Basil Rocket Cresses and Rue WIld Basill is endued with vertues and qualities seruing to all the purposes abouesaid but the same is of better operation and more effectual And these properties ouer and besides it hath by it selfe namely To cure the weaknesse of the stomack and those accidents which come by often casting or immoderat vomits The root thereof taken in wine is singular good for the apostumes of the matrice and against the biting of venomous beasts As touching Rocket the seed cureth as well the venomous sting of Scorpions as the biting of the hardy shrew The same chaseth all vermin that be apt to ingender in mans body A liniment made with it and hony together taketh away all the spots that blemish the skinne of the face and with vinegre represseth the red pimples whatsoeuer The black or swe rt skars remaining after wound or sore it reduceth to the former fair white if it be applied with a beasts gal It is said moreouer that a potion therof made with wine and giuen to those who are to receiue punishment by the whip will harden them in such sort that they shall feele little or no smart at all by any scourging And for seasoning of all kinde of viands it hath such a pleasant grace in any sauce that the Greekes thereupon haue giuen it the name of Euzomos It is thought moreouer that a fomentation of Rocket brused and stamped somewhat before quickeneth and clarifieth the eye-sight it easeth little children of the chin-cough The root boiled in water and so applied draweth forth spils of broken bones As touching the vertue that Rocket hath to procure the heat of lust I haue spoken already yet thus much more in particular I haue to say that if one do gather three leaues of wild Rocket with his left hand stamp them afterward and so giue them to drink in honied water this drink mightily prouoketh that way As for Cresses they haue a contrary operation for they coole and dull the heat of the flesh how soeuer otherwise they giue an edge to the wit and vnderstanding as heretofore we haue declared Of these Cresses there be two kinds The white is purgatiue and the weight of a Roman denier taken in water doth euacuate cholerick humors A liniment thereof together with bean flower applied vnto the hard kernils called the Kings euill is a soueraigne remedie therefore so that a Colewort leafe be laid thereupon The other kinde is more blackish and purgeth the head of ill humors It clenseth the eies and cleareth the sight Taken in vineger it stayeth their brains that be troubled in mind and drunk in wine or eaten with a fig it is singular good for the splene If a man take it fasting euery morning with hony it cureth the cough The seed drunke in wine expelleth all the wormes in the guts which it doth more effectually if wilde Mints be ioyned withall With Origanum and sweet wine it helpeth those that be short winded and troubled with the cough The decoction therof when it is sodden in goats milk easeth the pains of the chest or breast Laid to as a Cerot with pitch it resolueth pushes and biles vea and draweth forth pricks and thorns out of the body A liniment applied with vineger taketh off all spots and speckles of the visage and if the white of an egg be put thereto it cureth cankerous sores Also being applied in forme of a soft vnguent to the splene it cureth the infirmities thereof but
verily there haue been memorable examples knowne of strange accidents insuing both waies namely as often as either the vnlucky foules by their vntoward noise haue disturbed and done hurt or if at any time there haue bin error committed in the prescript prayer exorcisme for by this means it falleth out oftentimes that all on a sudden as the beast standeth there in place to be sacrificed the master veine in the liuer named the head thereof is found missing among other entrails and the heart likewise wanting or contrariwise both these to be double and appeare twain for one And euen at this day there remaineth a most notable precedent and example to all posterity in that prescript forme of exorcisme whereby the two Decij both the father and sonne betooke themselues to all the hellish furies and fiends infernall moreouer the imprecation of the vestall Nun Tuccia when shee was put to proue her virginity continueth extant vpon record by vertue of which charme she carried water in a sive without shedding one drop which happened in the yeare after the foundation of Rome city 609. And verily no longer ago than of late time in our own age we saw two Graecians to wit a man and a woman yea and some of other nations with whom in those daies wee maintained warres buried quicke within the beast-market in Rome in which maner of sacrifice whosoeuer readeth the prayer or exorcisme that is vsed and which the VVarden or Principall of the colledge of the Quindecemvirs is woont to reade and pronounce to the exorcist he would no doubt confesse that such charmes and execrations be of great importance and namely seeing they haue bin all approoved and found effectuall by the experience and euents obserued for the space of eight hundred and thirtie yeares As for our vestall virgins in these our daies we are certainely persuaded and beleeue that by the vertue of certaine spels and charmes which they haue they be able to arrest and stay any fugitiue slaue for running one foot farther prouided alwaies that they be not gone already without the pourprise and precinct of the city wals Now if this be receiued once as an vndoubted and confessed truth and if we admit that the gods do heare some praiers or be moued by any words then surely we may resolue at once of these conjectures and conclude affirmatiuely of the maine question Certes our ancestors from time to time haue euermore beleeued and deliuered such principle yea and that which of all other seemeth most incredible they haue affirmed constantly That by the power of such charmes and conjurations Thunder and Lightening might be fetched downe from aboue as I haue formerly shewed L. Piso reporteth in the first booke of his Annals or yearely Chronicles That Tullus Hostilius king of Rome was stricken dead with Lightening for that when hee went in hand to call Iupiter downe out of heauen by vertue of a sacrifice which king Numa was woont to vse in that case hee had not obserued exactly all the exorcismes and ceremoniall words contained in those bookes of king Numa but swarued somwhat from them And many other writers do testifie that by the power of words and osses the destinies and prodigies of great importance presaged to one place haue bin cleane altered and transferred to another as it was like to haue happened to the Romanes at what time as they laied the foundation of Iupiters Temple vpon the mount or rocke Tarpeius For when they digged there for the foundation of the said Temple and chanced to finde within the ground a mans head the Senate of Rome sent certaine Embassadours of purpose to the Sages and VVisards of Tuscane to know the signification of this strange sight and miraculous occurrent VVhereof Olenus Calenus who was reputed the most famous diuinor and prophet of all the Tuscanes hauing some intelligence and foreseeing the great felicity and happinesse that it imported and presaged intended by subtill interrogatiue to translate the benefit thereof to his owne native countrey of Tuscane Hauing therefore first with a staffe set out and described as it were the modell and forme of a Temple vpon the ground which lay before him hee came about the Roman Embassadors beforesaid and questioned with them in this wilie manner Is it so Romans as you say and are these your words indeed There must be a Temple here of Iupiter that most gracions and mighty god we haue light here vpon a mans head Vnto which interrogation of his the said Roman Embassadours according to the instructions which they had receiued beforehand from the VVisard or Diuinors sonne answered in this manner No not here in this very place but at Rome we say the head was found And verily our antient Chronicles doe all of them most constantly affirm that had they not been thus forewarned and taught what to say but had simply answered Yea here we haue found a head c. The fortune of the Roman State and Empire had gone quite away to the Tuscans and been established among them The same had like to haue happened a second time as we may see in the Records and Monuments of old date when as a certain chariot with foure horses made of clay and prepared for to be set vpon the louver or lantern of the said temple chanced as it lay baking in the furnace to grow into an extraordinary bignesse For the foresaid Wise men of Tuscan being asked what the said prodigy should betoken practised the like as Olenus did but the Romans being wise wary in their words saued and retained the same fortune still for the behoofe of Rome which was presaged vnto them by that happy foretoken These examples may suffice to shew prooue euidently that the vertues and significations of these signes and presages do lie in our own power and are no otherwise of force and effect but according as euery one of them is so taken and accepted True it is and held for an vndoubted principle in the Augures discipline learning That neither cursed execrations ominous and vnlucky birds nor any other presage by their flight singing and feeding can touch those persons who take no heed of them and do protest plainly that they regard them not what businesse soeuer they go about and be entering into a greater gift than which and testimony of the diuine indulgence and fauor of the gods to vs we cannot haue thus to subiect their secrets to our puissance Moreouer in the laws and ordinances of the 12 tables here at Rome are not in one place these very words to be found Qui fruges occentassit i. whosoeuer shall enchant or fore-speake any corne or fruits of the earth and in another place Quimalum carmen iâ—…cantassit i. What person soeuer vseth pernicious charmes to the hurt or mischiefe of any creature Ouer and besides Verrius Flaccus doth affirm vpon the credit of certain Authors which be alleadgeth and beleeueth That the first thing
booke of the said Poësie this Hermippus I say reports That one Azonaces taught Zoroastres Art Magick which master of his liued 5000 yeres before the war of Troy Certes I cannot chuse but maruell much first That this Science and the memoriall thereof should so long continue and the Commentaries treating of it not miscary and be lost all the while during such a world of years considering besides that neither it was ordinarily practised and continued by tradition from age to age nor the successors in that facultie were professors of the greatest name and renowned by any writings For what one is there thinke you among so many thousands that hath any knowledge so much as by bare heare-say of those who are named for the only Magitians in their time to wit Apuscorus Zaratus Medians Marmaridius of Babylon Hippocus the Arabian and Zarmocenidas of Assyria For bookes haue we none extant of their writing nor any monuments which beare record and giue testimonie of such clerks But the greatest wonder of all is this that Homer the Poet in his Ilias a poem composed purposedly of the Trojan war hath not so much as one word of Magick and yet in his Odyssaea where he discourseth of the aduentures trauels fortunes of prince Vlysses such a do and stirre there is with it as if the whole work consisted of nothing else but magicke For what is meant by the variable transformations of Proteus or by the songs of the Meremaids whereof he writeth so much but that the one was a great sorcerer the other famous witches or Inchantresses As for that which he relateth of lady Circe how shee wrought her feats by conjuration only and raising vp infernal spirits surely it sauoreth of art Magick and nothing else I musē much also that after Homers time there is no writer maketh mention how this art arriued at Telmessus a city in the marches of Lycia wholly addicted to religion so famous for the colledge of priests and soothsayers there or at what time it made a voiage and passed ouer into Thessaly where it reigned so rife and was so vsually practised in euery towne city that with vs here in these parts of the world it tooke the denomination of that countrey and retained the same a long time notwithstanding that the word Magicke indeed was appropriate vnto a strange and far remote Nation And verily considering how about the time of the war and destruction of Troy there was no other physick in vse but that which Chiron the Surgeon practised and that during the heat and bloudy wars only it seemeth very strange and wonderfull to me That the nation of Thessaly and the natiue country of Achilles and Chiron should become so famous for magick insomuch as Menander also a Poet by all mens iudgement so framed by nature for deep learning and excellent literature as that he had no concurrent in his time that came neere vnto him entituled one of his Comoedies Thessalica wherein he deciphered and depainted liuely vnto vs the whole order and manner of witches with all their charmes and incantations by the vertue wherof they would seem to pull the Moon down from heauen I would haue thought that Orpheus soon after and in the age next insuing had brought in first these superstitious ceremonies by reason of the propinquity and neighborhood of that region and that he proceeded therewith to the aduancement of physick but for one thing which plucketh me back namely that Thrace his naturall country and the place of his birth was altogether ignorant of Magick and knew not what it meant But as far as euer I could finde the first that is recorded to haue commented and written of this art was Osthanes who accompanied Xerxes K. of the Persians in that voiage and expedition which in warlike manner he made into Greece and to say a truth he it was that sowed the seeds of this monstrous Art and infected therewith by the way all parts of the world wheresoeuer he went and came Howbeit those Authors and historiographers who haue searched more neerly into the matter set down another Zoroastres born in the Isle Proconnesus who wrote somewhat before Osthanes of that argument neuerthelesse this is held for certain That Osthanes was the man who most of all other set the Greeke nations not onely in a hot desire but also in a madding fit and inraged as it were after Magick And yet I must needs say that I haue obserued that not only at first but also from time to time the grea test name that went of learned men and great philosophers for their singular skil and profound knowledge arose from the opinion that was of their insight in this Science Certain it is that Pythagoras Empedocles Democritus and Plato were so far in loūe therewith that for to attaine the knowledge thereof they vndertooke many voiages and journies ouer sea and land as exiled and banished persons wandring from place to place more like trauellers than students and beeing returned againe into their owne countries this Art they blazed abroad and highly praised this they held as a secret and diuine mysterie As for Democritus he raised a great name of Apollonices Captidenes and Dardanus of Phoenicia as well by the Books of Dardanus his master which he fetched from out of his sepulchre where they were bestowed as also by publishing commentaries of his owne which were extracts and draughts out of those authors and their writings which afterwards receiued and learned by others so passed from hand to hand and were so deeply ingrauen and imprinted in the minds and memories of men that I assure you I wonder at nothing in the world so much for so full they are of lyes so little or no truth godlinesse and honesty is contained in them that men of judgement and vnderstanding who approue and esteem his other Books of Philosophie will not beleeve that these workes were of Democritus his making howbeit this is but a vaine conceit and persuasion of theirs for well it is knowne confessed that Democritus led away an infinite number of people by this means no man so much filling their heads with many faire promises and the sweet impression thereof rauished their sprits after this Art Moreouer there is yet one point more whereat I wonder as much as at any other to wit that these two professions Physicke I mean and Magick flourished both together in one age and shewed themselues in their greatest glory which was about the Peloponnesiack war in Greece 300 yeares after the foundation of our citie of Rome at what time as Hippocrates professed the one and Democritus for his part published the other Now there is another faction as it were of Magitians which tooke the first foundation from Moses Iamnes and Iotapes Iewes but many thousands of yeares after Zoroastres and yet the Cyprian Magicke is later than so by as many yeres But to come againe vnto
how to be kept from inflammation 423. e. Memitha See Glaucion Memnaria a pretious stone 628. i Memorie helped by some water 403. d Memphites See Marble Men whose bodies are thought medicinable from top to toe 298. m. Men who had some especiall part of the bodie medicinable to others 299. f Menaechmus a famous Imageur and his workes 502. k Menais what hearbe and the vertues thereof 202. k Menander a Poet commended for good literature 372. m Menestratus an excellent Imageur in stone 568. m Menianthes an hearbe and a kinde of Trefoile 107. b Mentagra a kinde of foule Tettar 240. l. how the name came vp first ibid the remedies thereof 44 k. See more in Lichenes Mentonomon 606. i Mentor a famous grauer 483. d he wrote of Imagerie 502. k Mercurie the hearbe found by Mercurius 215. e the diuerse names kindes and vertues described ibid. Merigals See Gals Meremaids in Homer were witches and their songs enchauntments 372. k Meroctes a pretious stone 628. k Merois what hearbe and the medicinable vertue thereof 203 e. Mesoleucas See Leuce Mesoleucos when a gem is so called 628. l Mesomelas when a gem is socalled ibid. Messalinas died by setting an Horse-leech to his knee 467. c Mettals what melting they require 472. h Mettall mines and furnaces kill flies and gnats 519. b See Mines Metoposcopi who they be 539. b Metrodorus an excellent Philosopher and Painter 548. i he wrote in Physicke 70. i. he painted hearbes in their colours 210. g Meum an hearbe 77. a. two kindes thereof ibid. Mezils and small pocks how to be cured 58. i. 157. d. 167. a 174. i. k. 189. c. 337. a. 338. l. 418. m. 421. c. 422. h 437. d. M I Mice how to be kept from gnawing bookes and writings 277. e. contemptible creatures yet medicinable 355. d betweene Mice and Planets what sympathie ibid. the liuer of what vertue ibid. Miction an Herbarist and writer 78. g K. Midas rich in gold 464. h Midriffe and precordiall parts swelled and diseased how to be cured 52. k. 55. c. 64. i. 66. i. 67. d. 102. l. 104. i 107. c. 113. c. 119. d. 138. l. 163. b. 202. g. 207. c 239. a. 247. c. 290. k. how to be cleansed 160. m Migrame what kinde of headach and how to be eased 233. c. 418. m. Milesium Halcioneum 441. d Miliaria what weed and the vertues thereof 144. l Militaris an hearbe why so called 204. m Milke in women nourses breasts how to be encreased 39. f 49. e. 65. c. 77. e. 109. e. 130. i. 131. c. 149. e. 187. c. 193. c. 199. f. 268. i. 282. h. k. 288. i. 291. c. 340. g. h 396. g. 397. b. 448. h. l. Milke by what meanes it is dried vp or diminished 55. c 158. g. 236. i. 279. a. Milke what will cruddle 166. k. 168. i. how it shall not cruddle in the stomacke 137. b. being cruddled what dissolueth 168. l Milke cruddled in womens breasts how it may be dissolued 131. d Milke cailled in the stomacke how to be dissolued 134. l mothers Milke best for all sucklings 317 b Milke of nources with child hurtfull to sucking babes ib. Milke of women most nutritiue 317. c Milke of goats next to womans milke ibid. it agreeth well with the stomacke and the reason why ibid. Iupiter suckled with Goats milke as Poets fable and why 317. c. Considia cured by Goats milke 184. i Goats Milke for what diseases good 318. i Milke of Camels sweetest next to womans milke 317. c Asse milke for what good 318. h Milke of Asses most medicinable and effectuall 317. c 323. a. excellent to beautifie and make white the skin 327. c. it soone loseth the vertue and therefore must be drunke new 323 b what Milke is easiest of digest on ibid. Milke of Kine aromaticall and medicinable 323 b. it keepeth the bodie solluble ibid. it is a counterpoyson 322. c. Milke of Kine Physicke to the Arcadians 225. f best Milke how to be chosen 317. d what Milke is thinnest and fullest of whey and when ibid. a diet drinke made of Cow-Milke in Arcadia for what infirmities 317. d for what disease Cow Milke is appropriat 318. h womans Milke or breast milke medicinable 307. c. sweetest of all other ibid. how to be chosen ibid. allowed in an agne ibid. Milke of a woman that bare a man-child better than of another 307. d. especially if shee bare two boy twins ib. Milke of a woman bearing a maiden child for what it is good 308. g Milke of Kine feeding vpon Physicke hearbes is likewise medicinable as it appeared by two examples 226. g Milke boiled lâ—…sse flatuous than raw milke 317. d an artificiall milke called Schiston ibid. e. for what diseases it is medicinable 318. g Milke of Ewes for what good ibid. Sowes Milke for what sickenesse it is good ibid. k Milke how to be clisterized for the bloudie flix how for the collicke and oeher diseases 318. g. h a clyster of Milke much commended for the gripes of the belly occasioned by some strange purgation 318. g Milke in what cases hurtfull without good caution ibid. k the vertues medicinable of Milke in generall 317. d Millefoile an hearbe See Yarrow Millepeed what worme and the venomous nature thereof 37. d. the hurt comming thereby how to be cured 37. d 42. h. i. 78. g. Millet the medicinable vertues that it hath 139. e Miltites a kinde of bloudstone 590. b Miltos See Vermilion Mina or Mna what weight 113. e Minerua an Image in brasse wrought by Demetrius 501. e why it was called Musica ibid. Minerua Catuliana another Image of Minerua in brasse wrought by Euphranor and why so called 502. g Minerua of Athens an Idoll of gold and yuorie 26 cubits high wrought by Phidias 566. g. the curious workemanship of Phidias about the shield of that Minerua ibid. g. h. Minerua 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 wrought by Phidias 597. d Mines minerals and mettals the riches of the world 453. c Mines of siluer and gold why called in Greeke Metalla 472. l. Minium See Vermillion Mints the hearbe when and where to be set or sowne 29 d wild Mint will propagat and grow any way howsoeuer it be sâ—…t ibid. e Mints called in Greeke sometime Mintha but now Hedyosmos ibid. Mints a principall hearbe in a country house ibid. garden Mints the singular vertues thereof 59. c. it keepeth milke from cruddling in the stomacke ibid. water-Mints where and how it commeth to grow 31. d wild Mint named Mentastrum described with the vertues 58. m Mint masters at Rome chosen with great regard 347. c P. Minutius his statue erected vpon a Columne at Rome 491 b. Mirroirs of tinne were before any of siluer 517. d Mirroirs of siluer plate 478. i. the reason why they represent an image ibid. Mirroirs of sundry makings and shewing strange shapes 478. k. which were the best Mirroirs ibid. l siluer Mirroirs the inuention of Praxiteles ibid. Misliking of the
conceptions and children within the wombe The signes how to know whether a woman goe with a sonne or a daughter before she is deliuered 7. Of the conception and generation of man 8. Of Agrippae i. those who are borne with the feet forward 9. Of strange births namely by meanes of incision when children are cut out of their mothers wombe 10. Of Vopisci i. such as being twins were borne aliue notwithstanding the one of them was dead before 11. Histories of many children borne at one burden 12. Examples of those that were like one to another 13. The cause and manner of generation 14. More of the same matter and argument 15. Of womens monethly tearmes 16. The manner of sundry births 17. The proportion of the parts of mans body and notable things therein obserued 18. Examples of extraordinary shapes 19. Strange natures of men 20. Of bodily strength and swiftnesse 21. Of excellent sight 22. Who excelled in hearing 23. Examples of patience 24. Who were singular for good memorie 25. The praise of C. Iulius Caesar. 26. The commendation of Pompey the Great 27. The praise of Cato the first of that name 28. Of valour and fortitude 29. Of notable wits or the praises of some for their singular wit 30. Of Plato Ennius Virgill M. Varro and M. Cicero 31. Of such as carried a maiestie in their behauiour 32. Of men of great authority and reputation 33. Of certaine diuine and heauenly persons 34. Of Scipio Nasica 35. Of Chastitie 36. Of Pietie and naturall kindnesse 37. Of excellent men in diuerse sciences and namely in Astrologie Grammer and Geometrie c. 38. Item Rare peeces of worke made by sundry artificers 39. Of seruants and slaues 40. The excellencie of diuerse nations 41. Of perfect contentment and felicitie 42. Examples of the varietie and mutabilitie of fortune 43. Of those that were twice outlawed and banished of L. Sylla and Q. Metellus 44. Of another Metellus 45. Of the Emperour Augustus 46. Of men deemed most happy aboue all others by the Oracles of the gods 47. Who was canonized a god whiles hee liued vpon the earth 48. Of those that liued longer than others 49. Of diuerse natiuities of men 50. Many examples of strange accidents in maladies 51. Of the signes of death 52. Of those that reuiued when they were carried forth to be buried 53. Of suddaine death 54. Of sepulchres and burials 55. Of the soule of ghosts and spirits 56. The first inuentors of many things 57. Wherein all nations first agreed 58. Of antique letters 59. The beginning of Barbers first at Rome 60. The first deuisers of Dials and Clockes In summe there be in this booke of stories strange accidents and matters memorable 747. Latine Authors alleadged Varrius Flaccus Cn. Gellius Licinius Mutianus Mutius Massurius Agrippina wife of Claudius M. Cicero Asinius Pollio Messala Rufus Cornelius Nepos Virgil Livie Cordus Melissus Sebosus Cernelius Celsus Maximus Valerius Trogus Nigidius Figulus Pomponius Atticus Pedianus Asconius Sabinus Cato Censorius Fabius Vestalis Forreine Writers Herodotus Aristeus Beto Isigonus Crates Agatharcides Calliphanes Aristotle Nymphodorus Apollonides Philarchus Damon Megasthenes Ctesias Tauron Eudoxus Onesicratus Clitarchus Duris Artemidorus Hippocrates the Physitian Asclepiander the Physitian Hesiodus Anacreon Theopompus Hellanicus Damasthes Ephorus Epigenes Berosus Pessiris Necepsus Alexander Polyhistor Xenophon Callimachus Democritus Duillius Polyhistor the Historian Strato who wrate against the Propositions and Theoremes of Ephorus Heraclides Ponticus Asclepiades who wrate Tragodamena Philostephanus Hegesias Archimachus Thucidides Mnesigiton Xenagoras Metrodorus Scepsius Anticlides and Critodemus ¶ IN THE EIGHT BOOKE ARE CONtained the natures of land beasts that goe on foot Chap. 1. Of land creatures The good and commendable parts in Elephants their capacitie and vnderstanding 2. When Elephants were first yoked and put to draw 3. The docilitie of Elephants and their aptnesse to learne 4. The clemency of Elephants that they know their owne dangers Also of the felnesse of the Tigre 5. The perceiuance and memory of Elephants 6. When Elephants were first seene in Italie 7. The combats performed by Elephants 8. The manner of taking Elephants 9. The manner how Elephants be tamed 10. How long an Elephant goeth with young and of their nature 11. The countries were Elephants breed the discord and warre betweene Elephants and Dragons 12. The industrie and subtill wit of Dragons and Elephants 13. Of Dragons 14. Serpents of prodigious bignesse of Serpents named Boae 15. Of beasts engendred in Scythia and the North countries 16. Of Lions 17. Of Panthers 18. The nature of the Tygre of Camels and the Pard-Cammell when it was first seene at Rome 19. Of the Stag-Wolfe named Chaus and the Cephus 20. Of Rhincceros 21. Of Onces Marmosets called Sphinges of the Crocutes of common Marmosets of Indian Boeufes of Leucrocutes of Eale of the Aethiopian Bulls of the best Mantichora of the Sicorne or Vnicorne of the Catoblepa and the Basiliske 22. Of Wolues 23. Of Serpents 24. Of the rat of India called Ichneumon 25. Of the Crocodiles and Skinke and the Riuer-horse 26. Who shewed first at Rome the Water-horse and the Crocodiles Diuerse reasons in Physicke found out by dumb creatures 27. Of beasts and other such creatures which haue taught vs certaine hearbes to wit the red Deere Lizards Swallowes Tortoises the Weasell the Stork the Bore the Snake the Panther the Elephant Beares Stocke-Doues House-Doues Cranes and Rauens 28. Prognostications of things to come taken from beasts 29. What cities and nations haue bin destroied by small creatures 30. Of the Hiaena the Crocuta and Mantichora of Bieuers and Otters 31. Of Frogs sea or sea-Calues and Stellions 32. Of Deere both red and Fallow 33. Of the Tragelaphis of the Chamaeleon and other beasts that change colour 34. Of the Tarand the Lycaon and the Wolfe called Thoes 35. Of the Porc-espines 36. Of Beares and how they bring forth their whelpes 37. The rats and mice of Pontus and the Alps also of Hedgehogs 38. Of the Leontophones the Onces Graies Badgers and Sqirrils 39. Of Vipers Snailes in shels and Lizards 40. Of Dogs 41. Against the biting of a mad dog 42. The nature of Horses 43. Of Asses 44. Of Mules 45. Of Kine Buls and Oxen. 46. Of the Boeufe named Apis. 47. The nature of sheepe their breeding and generation 48. Sundry kinds of wooll and cloths 49. Of sheepe called Musmones 50. Of Goats and their generation 51. Of Swine and their nature 52. Of Parkes and Warrens for beasts 53. Of beasts halfe tame and wild 54. Of Apes and Monkies 55. Of Hares and Connies 56. Of beasts halfe sauage 57. Of Rats and Mice of Dormice 58. Of beasts that liue not in some places 59. Of beasts hurtfull to strangers In summe there be in this Booke principall matters stories and obseruations worth the remembrance 788. Latine Authors alledged Mutianus Procilius Verrius Flaccus L. Piso Cornelius Valerianus Cato Censorius Fenestella Trogus Actius Columella Virgil Varro Lu. Metellus Scipio Cornelius