of Cato the yonger Cicero also in his oration against Piso and for Sextius This Piso the Consull Cicero and Paedian surnamed Caesonius for so his grandfather before him was called as appeareth in the capitoll records for the yeere 606. 697 P. Lentulus Q. Metellus THe Consuls following for this yeere were by Cassiodorus and the Sicilian records P. Lentulus and Q. Metellus By Dio Pub. Cornelius sonne of Publius Lentulus Spiniher and Q. Caecilius sonne of Quintus Metelius Nepos Of them speaketh Valerius in his ninth booke Lentulus qd he and Metellus companions in the Consulship were beheld seen both upon the stage like plaiers but the one of them tooke the surname of Spinther one of the second sort of actors the other but that he had gotten the name of Nepos alreadie for his lewd behaviour should have beene called Pamphilus after the name of one of a third sort whome for all the world hee resembled Of the same men Cicero in his first booke of Epistles and in very many of his orations Plinie also in his seventh booke and second chapter Plutarch in the life of Cicero and all other writers make much mention 698 Cn. Lentulus L. Philippus CAssiodorus putteth downe for Consuls Cn. Lentulus and L. Philippus The Sicilian records Marcellus and Philippus Dio Cn. Cornelius son of Publius Lentulus Marcellus and L. Martius sonne of Lucius Philippus Of Lentulus and M. Marcellus Consuls Cicero speaketh in his Epistles to Lentulus Plutarch also in the life of Cato maketh mention of Martius Philippus now Consull This Cn. Lentulus was the son of that P. Lentulus as Cicero saith in his Brutus And surnamed hee was Marcellus and not Claudius that it might be knowne of what familie of the Claudij he was descended 696 Cn. Pompeius M. Crassus VVHen as by the obstinate persistance of â— Cato Tribune of the commons who ever interposed his negative there could be no ordinarie assembly holden for the creation of magistrates the whole degree of the Senatours changed their weed in token of griefe so as upon an Interregencie between Cn. Pompeius was chosen Consull with him M. Crassus the second time as Plutarch Dio Appian do witnes Lucius Domitius Aenobarbus whom Cato and all good men accompanied presented was in the common place by violence throughly beaten and Cato himselfe wounded These Coss. Dio calleth Cn. Pompeius son of Cneus Magnus the second time M. Licinius sonne of Pâ—blius Crassus the second time Of them Paedianus Eutropius the Sicilian registers and others make mention 700 Ap. Claudius L. Domitius DIo in his nine and thirtieth booke for the yeere after the citties foundation 700 following the computation of Varro avoucheth Consuls Appius Claudius son of Appius Pulcher and L. Domitius sonne of Cneus Aenobarbus Cassiodore and Obsequens name them Appius Claudius and L. Domitius whom the Sicilian records call Pulcher and Aenobarbus and Paedian upon the oration for Scaurus L. Domitius Aenobarbus and Appius Claudius Pulcher Of this L. Domitius sonne of Cneus Aenobarbus Caelius speaketh in the eight booke of Ciceroes Epistles 701 Cn. Domitius M. Messala AGainst this yeere there stood in election and labored with much earnestnes ambitious desire to be Consuls Caius Memmius Cn. Domitius M. Messala and M. Scaurus as Cicero writeth to his brother Quintus But at the last even in the seventh moneth of this yeere there were created by meanes of an Interregencie M. Messala and Cn. Domitius Neither had they bene chosen then but that Q. Pompeius Rufus a Tribune of the commons who still opposed himselfe to hinder and debarre all election was by order from the Senate committed and the Senate made countenaunce to do the like by the rest as many as went about to crosse the said election Thus much Dio. But Appian saith that the common weale continued for eight months space in Anarchie without any soveraigne magistrates of state Plutarch writeth that in this so great extreamitie of daunger Lucilius a Tribune of the commons preferred a bill for the creating of Cneus Pompeius Dictatour who should redresse all enormities and set upright the state againe but Cato gainsaied it and so nothing was effected Dio saith moreover that the Tribunes of the commones mooved for the chusing not of a Dictatour onely but also of militarie Tribunes in Consuls authoritie but through the earnest labour of Pompeius Consuls were created Messala and Calvinus which surnames stand to bee seene upon the Sicilian records Also in the capitoll monuments written it is thus Cn. Domitius Calvinus sonne of M. nephew of Marcus ann 708 and 717. 702 Cn. Pompeius Q. Metellus VVHen by reason of the contentions among so mighty competitours the Consuls could not be created by the kalends of Ianuarie there passed an Act of the Senate according to the mind and advise of Bibulus by vertue whereof Cn. Pompeius was by the Interregent Serv. Sulpitius created Consull the third time upon the five and twentieth of Februarie without a colleague first and presently entred upon the government But afterwards to avoid the envie that might arise thereupon he tooke unto him as companion in the Consulship for the five last months of the yeer behind Q. Caecilius Pius Metellus Scipio his wives father Thus writeth Paedian upon the oration of Cicero in defence of Milo Plutarch likewise Appianus Dio. This Metellus Pius Scipio was also called P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica sonne of Nasica Scipio who beeing adopted by Q. Metellus Pius is called by Caelius in the familiar Epistles of Cicero Q. Caecilius sonne of Q. nephew of Q. Metellus Pius Scipio 703 M. Marcellus Ser. Sulpitius AGainst this yeere were Consuls created M. Marcellus Serv. Sulpitius as Cassiodorus Plutarch and Appian witnesse The Sicilian records call them Rufus and Marcellus Dio nameth them Servius Sulpitius sonne of Q. surnamed Rufus and M. Claudius sonne of M. surnamed also Marcellus Of these Consuls Suetonius also maketh mention in Caesar likewise Cicero in his Epistles the Epitome 118. This Marcellus was the cousin germane of that Marcellus who the yeere next following was Consull and brother germane to him who two yeeres after bare the Consulship as may bee collected out of Verrius Flaccus Dio and Suetonius 704 L. Paulus C. Marcellus THere succeeded Consuls L. Paulus and C. Marcellus witnesse Cassiodore Dio Suetonius Hirtius in his 8 book togither with the Sicilian records The one of these is by Dio named L. Aemylius sonne of Marcus surnamed Paulus the other by Cicero in his epistles C. Claudius sonne of Caius Marcellus Dio writeth that this man by some was reported to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. the brothers sonne others 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. the brother of Mar. Marcellus but Suetonius saith plainely hee was the brothers sonne 705 L. Lentulus C. Marcellus CAssiodorus setteth down for Consuls this yeere L. Lentulus and C. Marcellus as also Appian Plutarch Hirtius Florus Cicero in his epistles do testifie
new Infanterie as in his old cavallerie and in a set pitched field on even ground was able to meet the Carthaginian with banner displaied and give him the foile in a full battaile The comming of the kings Embassadors into spaine was to the Romanes also a matter of great consequence and importance for upon the rumour and fame that went thereof the Numidians began to fall away apace and to come thicke unto the Romanes Thus were the Romanes joyned in amitie and friendship with king Syphax When the Carthaginians had intelligence of this new alliance they addressed immediatly their embassadours to Gala who reigned in another part of Numidia over a nation called Massyla This Gala had a sonne named Masanissa of seventeen yeares of age but a youth of such towardnesse and so forward in vertue that even then hee made good and apparant shew that he would another day enlarge his dominion and make a more flouring and mightie kingdome than his father should leave it unto him These Embassadors declared unto Gala that for as much as Syphax had entred league and was banded with the Romanes to the end that by their alliance and societie he might be more mightie and puissant against other kings nations of Affricke it were also better for him and much more commodious to joyne with the Carthaginians in all convenient speed before that either Syphax passed over into Spaine or the Romanes into Affricke And Syphax say they may soone be defeated and overthrown now while that hee hath gained naught yet but the bare name of the Romane league Gala was soone persuaded to send a power of men especially at the earnest instance of his son who was very desirous of that war and to have the mannaging therof He with the helpe of the Carthaginian legions vanquished Syphax gave him a great overthrow So as at that field there were slain by report in one day thirtie thousand Syphax himselfe in person with some few Numidian horsemen fled backe to the Maurisians that inhabit the farthest coasts hard upon the Ocean over-against Gades But the Barbarous people at the same of his comming so resorted in great numbers to him out of all parts that in a short space hee was able to arme mightie host And before he could with them crosse ouer into Spaine which was divided from Affricke with a narrow arme of the sea Masanissa was come with his victorious armie who in that place of himselfe without any help or aid of the Carthaginians gave Syphax battaile to his great honour and singular glorie In Spaine no memorable exploit was atchieved but that the Romane Generals allured and drew to them the able and serviceable manhood of the Celtiberians for the same hire and stipend that they bargained for with the Carthaginians and sent from thence above three hundred Spaniards of the noblest parentage into Italie to solicite their countrimen who served under Anniball as auxiliaries to follow them and take part with the Romanes This onely touching the affaires of Spaine that yeare is a thing worthie to bee noted and remembred That the Romans never waged soldiour to serve in their war before that time when the Celtiberians began to be their mercenaries and first received pay THE XXV BOOKE OF THE HISTORIES OF T. LIVIVS of Padoa from the foundation of the Cittie of Rome The Breviarie of L. Florus upon the five and twentith Booke PVublius Cornelius Scipio surnamed afterwards Africanus was made Aedile before he was of Lawfull yeares Anniball woon the citie Tarentum all but the castle into which the Romane garison was retired by meanes of certain young Tarentine gentlemen who had made semblance that they went by night a hunting The solemne plaies in the honour of Apollo were now first instituted upon occasion of certaine propheticall verses of Martius wherin the overthrow at Cannae had been foretold Q. Fulvius and App. Claudius Consull sought fortunatly against Hanno a Duke or captaine of the Carthaginians T. Sempronius Gracchus the Proconsull was by a Lueane his host that gave him entertainment trained into the danger of an ambush and slaine by Mago Centenius Penula who had served in the warres as a Centurion having made sent unto the Senate to have the leading of an armie and promised if this petition were graunted to win the victorie of Anniball and to vanquish him tooke the charge of eight thousand footmen and gave battaile to Anniball but hee was slaine himselfe and his whole armie defeited and put to the sword Cn. Fulvius the Pretour fought unfortunately against Anniball and lost the field in which fight there died sixteene thousand men Himselfe with two hundred horsemen fled and escaped Capua was besieged by Q. Fulvius and App. Claudius the Consuls Claudius Marcellus in the third year of the siege wan Syracusa and bare himselfe in that service like a worthie and noble knight In that tumult and burliburlie when the citie was newly taken Archimedes whiles he was busily occupied about certaine Geometricall figures and forms that he had drawne in the dust was killed The two Scipions Pub. and Cornel. after so many and so worthie exploits performed fortunately in Spaine came to a wofull and bearie end being themselves slaine there with the losse welneere of their whole armies in the eight year after that they went into Spain And the maine possession of that province had beene quite lost but for the singular manhood and industrie of L. Matius a knight of Rome who having rallied and gathered together the remnants of the armies so encouraged them that by their valiant service two severall encamped holds of the enemies were woon seven and thirtie thousand of the enemies slaine and eighteene hundred taken prisoners and a great rich bootie obtained Wherupon he was called Captaine Martius WHiles these affaires thus passed in Affricke and in Spaine Anniball emploied the summer season in the territorie of Tarentum in hope by treason to be maister of the cittie of the Tarentines In which meane while certaine base cities of the Salentines and townes of no importance revolted unto him And at the same time of those 12 States of the Brutij which the yeare before had turned banded with the Carthaginians the Consentines and Thurines were rallied wholly again to the devotion of the people of Rome And more of them had returned likewise but for L. Pomponius Veientanus captain of the allies who after he had made certaine rodes into the countrey of the Brutij and sped his hand well with many booties tooke upon him the countenance of a sufficient Colonell and was no lesse reputed and having gathered a power of men suddainly in hast without good advisement fought with Hanno In which conflict a mightie multitude of his men were either slaine or taken prisoners But as good hap was they were but a disordered unruly rable of rusticall clownes and bondslaves and the least losse of all other was the captaine himselfe who amongst the rest was taken captive
himself most abstinent and uncorrupt for of all that wealth those goods and ornaments wherewith Corinth was mightily enriched there came not one parcell into his house Quintus Caecilius Metellus triumphed for the conquest of Andriscus and Publius Cornelius Scipio Affricanus Aemylianus likewise over Carthage and Asdruball Viriatus in Spaine first of an heardman became an hunter and of a hunter prooved to bee a very theefe and robber and within a while after was chosen Generall of a complete and maine armie and seized to his owne use all Portugall He took prisoner M. Vitilius the Pretor when he had first discomfited his hoast in the field After whom C. Plautius the Pretour sped no better in fight This enemie so terrified the Romanes that to make head against him they found it necessarie to employ a full consular armie and a Consull commander Moreover in this booke be recorded the troubles of Syria and the warres between the kings Alexander an obscure person and base borne having staine as is beforesaid Demetrius the king reigned in Syria Him Demetrius the son of Demetrius slew by the help of Ptolomaeus king of Aegypt whose daughter Cleopatra he had espoused and married This Demetrius in times past had bene sent out of the way into Gnidos by his father fearing the doubtfull chaunces of the war and he entred upon this action by occasion of the contemptible sloth and cowardise of the said Alexander Ptolomeus was grievously wounded in the head and in the cure whiles the Chirurgians went about to trypanize the bones of his skull died under their hand And in his stead Ptolomeus his younger brother who reigned in Cyrenae succeeded and tooke upon him the crowne Demetrius for his crueltie which he exercised upon his people by racking and other torments was vanquished in battaile by Diodorus one of his owne subjects who made claime to the kingdome in the right and title of Alexanders sonne a young child hardly two yeeres old whereupon he fled to Seleucia Lucius Mummius triumphed over the Achaeans in which solemnitie he carried in pompeous shew sundrie images as well of brasse as marble besides pictures and peinted tables Of the LIII booke APpius Claudius the Consull subdued the Salassians a nation inhabiting the Alpes A second Mock-Philip there was in Macedonie who by L. Tremellius the treasurer was with his army defeated and slaine Q. Cecilius Metellus the Pro-consul gave the Celtiberians an overthrow The most part of Portugal was regained by Q. Fabius the Pro consull and many cities therof by assault forced C. Iulius a Senator by calling wrate the Romane historie in the Greeke tongue Of the L IIII. booke QVintus Pompeius the Consull subdued the Termeslines in Spaine with whome verily as also with the Numantines by occasion of his infirmitie and sicklinesse he concluded peace Are-view and numbring of the citizens was taken by the Censors wherein were enrolled foure hundred twentie eight thousand three hundred fortie two polls At what time as the Macedonian embassadours came to complaine of D. Iunius Syllanus the lord deputie over them for that hee tooke their money and neverthelesse made an havocke of the province and thereupon the Senate was willing to have the hearing of their complaints T Manlius Torquatus the father of Syllanus exhibited a request and obtained that the inquirie and decision of such a matter as this might bee referred over and committed unto him And after he had sitten upon this commission at home in his own house and found his sonne guiltie he both condemned him and put him away nay when afterwards as hee had hanged himselfe for that was his end he would not be so much as present at his funerall but according to his ordinarie manner and custome sat in his house attending all clients and commers to him for counsell Q. Fabius the Proconsull after he had managed the warres in Spain right prosperously marred all with this foule blot and spot of dishonour in that he contracted a peace with Viriatus upon even and equal conditions This Viriatus by a practise complotted by Servilius Caepio was trecherously murdered by traitors and of his own armie was much bewailed At his death he was rung out of this world with a notable peale of farewell and right honorably enterred an excellent man and most brave captaine for the space of thirteene yeeres during which time he warred with the Romanes and ever for the most part went away with the winning hand Of the LV. booke VVHiles P. Cornelius Nasica who by way of mockerie was surnamed Serapio by scoffing Curatius a Tribune of the Commons D. Iunius Brutus the Consul took the musters there happened in the very sight of the new and raw souldior an occurrent of great consequence for example sake exceeding profitable For C. Matienus was iudicially accused before the Tribunes of the Commons for that he had abandoned and forsaken his owne armie in Spaine whereupon he being convict was condemned and scourged a long while with rods carrying a forke or crosse upon his shoulders and in the end sold as a slave for a small peece of silver of three halfepence farthing cue The Tribunes of the Commons because they might be allowed to exempt from militarie service tenne souldiors apeece whom it pleased them to chuse commaunded the Consuls to prison Iun. Brutus the Consul whiles he was in Spaine endued those soldiors who had served under Viriatus with land and living and gave them a towne to inhabit called Valentia M. Popilius together with his armie was soiled and put to the rout by the Numantines with whom the peace that was concluded the Senate had passed an act that it should not stand in force The occasion was this As C. Mancinus the Consull was devoutly sacrificing the sacred chickens chaunced to flie away out of their cage or coupe Afterwards as he was about to take sea and goe a shipboord for to passe over into Spain there happened a voice to be heard saying Stay Stay Mancinus These proved in the effect to be unfortunate and heavie presages unto Mancinus for he received an overthrow at the Numantines hands and was turned cleane out of his camp And seeing no-hope els to save his armie he entred into a dishonorable peace with them but the Senat expresly revoked and annulled the same 30000 Romans were defeited by 4000 Numantines no more D. Iunius made a generall conquest of all Portugall even as far as to the Ocean by forcing and sacking their citties and strong townes and when his soldiors were loth to passe over the river Oblivio hee caught up a banner from the port-ensigne and carried it over with him and by this means persuaded them to go through Alexanders son king of Syria a child not above ten yeers old at the most was trecherously murdered by Diodorus his guardian or protector surnamed Tryphon There were physicians by corruption bribed suborned to give it out and beare
outrage of the two Gracchi Saturninus and Drusus Triburies of the Commons put out of joynt and troubled untill such time as their power and authoritie was by Sylla rent in twain the Commons disseized of their lands and killed then the administration of the common-weale was restored againe to the Nobles and principall persons of the citie But at length when it was oppressed againe by the civill warre of Pompey and Caesar the soveraigne rule of the State was devolved upon the empire of Caesar alone wherein being first shaken a few yeeres before through the wicked insolencie and lust of the three Triumvirs it continued untill the time that it fell to utter ruine Wee therefore will briefely goe through all these sorts of government in that successive order as they followed one after another and first begin with the KK 37 Romulus the first K. of the Romans reigned 37 yeeres ROMULUS the founder of the citie reigned 37 yeeres for so many Livie assigneth unto him Likewise Dionysius in the first booke which hee repeateth also in the second and Piutarch in Numa dissenteth not from them howsoever in Romulus hee writeth that hee departed this world in the 37 yeere of his age Solinus in like manner rehearsing his worthie actes attributeth unto his reigne 37 yeeres Onely Eutropius 1. booke 4. chap. alloweth unto him 39 yeeres but Cuspinian thinketh verie well that the copie is corrupt This prince having reigned according to the more common received opinion of authors seven and thirtie yeeres in which time he laid the first ground-worke of the Roman Empire with excellent lawes and ordinances and established both civile also militarie discipline departed this life upon the Nones of Julie which day was called afterwards Nonae Caprotinae by occasion that he in mustering and reviewing his armie at the lake of Caprae was conveighed out of mens sight whereupon the people fled as amased at the suddaine death of their king as Plutarch and Dionysius doe witnesse This Romulus after his deification was named Quirinus of which surname Ovid in his Kalender giveth these reasons Sive quod hasta quiris Priscis est dicta Sabinis Bellicus a telo venit in astra Deus Sive suo regi nomen posuere Quirites Seu quia Romanes iunxerat ille Cures A spear old Sabins Quiris cald which Romulus us'd in fight This martiall man a god became so Quirinus hight Quirites eke his subjects hege their K. this name might give Or els the Curets who he broght with Romans for to live That hee was base borne and could not avouch his owne father beside other writers Plutarch especially affirmeth in his Theseus Howbeit the old opinion went currant that he was by Mars begotten in stealth of a vestal virgin Ilia Rhea or Sylvia for so many names ther goe of her and that first he was called Romus of Ruma which signifieth a teat or pap and afterwards by way of flatterie Romulus 1 Interregents FOr one yeere after the death of Romulus the nobles fell to variance and strove who should be king but by reason that no one person excelled above the rest in that state so newly founded there grew severall factions and debates in their head-corporations They who wer descended from the Sabines because after the death of Tatius none of them raigned with Romulus in equall societie were desirous to have a king created out of their bodie because they would not forgoe their hold and possession in the Empire But the old Romanes could not away with a straunger-king Howbeit as different as they were in affections al were willing to set up a king as having not tasted yet the sweetnesse of libertie The Peeres moreover mightily seared by reason that the neighbour States bordering round about were provoked against thâ—m least some forraine force might assaile their cittie left thus without soveraigne government and the armie without a leader Whereupon the two hundred nobles agreed among themselves to enter into an association of rule and made ten Decuries and in every Decurie created one to have the sovereigntie over the rest These Senatours were then too in number as Livie saith and according to Plutarch a hundred fiftie But Dionysius writeth that there were two hundred of the Sabines and as many Romanes After this they cast lots and their Decurie unto whom the lotterie first fell ruled the cittie howbeit not all of them at once but one alone had the regall ornaments and the lictours going before him Five daies hee governed and no longer and so by this order in course the nobles of every Decurie governed the citie fiftie daies For after five daies determined hee whose lot was first to governe in that Decurie delivered up unto the second the imperiall dignitie together with the ensignes thereof and hee againe when his five daies were expired unto a third and so to the tenth Thus when these tenne first Interregents had passed one 50 daies a second Decurie of Senatours in like manner ruled the citie other 50 daies and thus they went round through all untill they had fulfilled a yeeres space in this regencie This government was of the thing it selfe called Interregnum which name it still retained afterwards and the men likewise were named Interreges In this yeare therefore was the magistracie of Interregents first devised among the Romanes And not onely after the death of Romulus the State was ruled by Interregencie but also after the decease of Numa Tullius Ancus kings In like manner during the time of the free State Commonweale after the time of yeerely magistrates expired the said governement tooke place very often before the creation of new for they held the assembly for elections wherin new governours were by the people created Now the office and charge of this Interregent was during the time of his regencie which ordinarily passed not five daies to execute all those functions in the citie which belonged either to KK or Consuls namely to minister justice to rule the Commonweale to hold a Senate and there to propound the affairs of State lastly to summon the generall assembly for chusing new magistrates As touching the beginning of Interregents Dionysius in his second booke Livie in his first Plutarch in Numa Sext. Ruffus Eusebius other old writers have written at large 43 Numa Pompilius the second K. raigned 43 yeares ONe yeere of Interregencie being thus accomplished the people of Rome thought this a greevous and heavie manner of government and the Commons grumbled that their servitude was many-fold more than before as having two hundred lords over them in steed of one Which when the Senatours perceived they agreed at last upon this point That the old Senatours should create a king whome they would so hee were not one of their owne bodie and degree Wherupon Numa Pompilius for that in justice wisdome he excelled all other was called out of Cures a cittie of the Sabines to bee
these teares of yours and weeping that you make is absurd and nothing to the purpose Then should yee have wept and shed teares when our armour and weapons were taken from us when our ships were set on fire when wee were interdicted and forbidden to make warre with forraine nations for then had wee our deadly blow then our backes and hearts were broken And never thinke that the Romanes have proceeded hardly against you in comparison of the hatred that ye bare one to another No great citie mightie State can long continue and rest in quiet If it have no enemies abroad it findeth some at home much like unto strong and lustie bodies which seeming sure ynough against all outward accidents and causes of sicknesse are overcharged with their owne strength and fulnesse of humours and thereby subject to most deadly maladies So much forsooth and no more we feele of the publicke miseries and common calamities as toucheth and concerneth our selves in particular wherein nothing pincheth us more nor goeth neerer to the quicke than to for go our monie and part with our pence And therefore when Carthage was conquered and despoiled of all her auncient honours when yee saw her disarmed and stripped naked when yee saw her forlorne of all the armed nations of Affricke no man then sighed no man groned thereat but now when the tribute imposed is to be paied out of your private purses yee keepe a weeping and wailing as in some publicke funerall and mortuarie carried forth But alas I feare me greatly that ere it be long yee shall find and feele That your weeping this day hath been for the least losse of all the rest Thus spake Anniball to the Carthaginians Scipio having assembled his whole armie together before them all restored Masanissa to his fathers kingdome and over and besides endued him with the possession of the citie Cirtha and other townes and territories which belonged to the realme of Syphax and were now in subjection to the people of Rome Vnto Cn. Octavius he gave order to conduct the fleet into Sicilie and there to make it over to Cn. Cornelius the Consull The Carthaginian embassadours he willed to goe to Rome that those acts and capitulations which were concluded by him with the advise of the ten Commissioners might likewise passe under the approbation of the Senat the consent of the people and so be ratified and confirmed for ever Thus Scipio having obtained peace both by sea and land and embarked his armie failed toward Sicilie and arrived at Lilybaeum From whence he sent away a great part of his armie by sea and himselfe passed by land through Italie which now was joifull as well for the peace concluded as the victorie atchieved Where all the way as hee went not onely the people came forth in multitudes out of the cities to do him honor but numbers also of the countrie peasants out of the villages filled all the high waies along untill he came to Rome where he entred the citie riding in the most stately and magnificent triumph that ever had been Hee brought into the citie chamber 100033 pound weight of silver He divided among his souldiors out of the spoile four hundred Asses apeece Syphax by his death rather disappointed the people of a goodly shew pageant in the triumph than diminished any whit the glorie of the triumpher hee died at Tybut not long afore to which place he had been removed from Alba howbeit his death was not obscure by reason that he was solemnly caried to his buriall with the pompe of a publicke funerall at the charges of the citie But Polybius a writer of good account reporteth That this K. was led in the very triumph As Scipio rode triumphant Q. Terentius Cullco followed after with a cap of libertie set upon his head and ever after so long as hee lived hee honoured him as beseeming it was and acknowledged him the author of his freedome But as concerning his surname Africanus I cannot for certaine learne whether it were the favour of his souldiours first or the affectionate love of the people afterwards that brought it up or rather began upon some of his owne house and linage that courted and flattered him therewith like as in our fathers daies Sulla was surnamed Faelix and Pompeius Magnus This is certaine that he was the first Generall that ever tooke his name of the countrie and nation by himselfe subdued and thereby was renowned But by his example afterwards others nothing comparable to him in victorie and conquest woon goodly titles and glorious inscriptions to their images and honoured their houses with noble stiles and additions THE XXXI BOOKE OF THE HISTORIES OF T. LIVIVS of Padoa from the foundation of the Cittie of Rome The Breviarie of L. Florus upon the one and thirtith Booke THe causes of the warre began againe with Philip king of Macedonic which had discontinued are set downe to be these In the time of the holie feast of Ceres two yong men of Acainania who had not been prosessed in those sacred mysteries came to Athens and chaunced among other of their countrimen to goe into the chappel of Ceres For which as if they had committed some hainous fact in the highest degree they were by the Athenians executed The Acarnanians moved with indignation for the death of their neighbors required aid of Philip to be revenged for them Some few moneths after peace granted to the Carthaginians in the five hundred and fiftieth year from the foundation of the citie of Rome when the Embassadours of the Athenians who now were besieged by Philip craved aid of the Senate and they were of advise and resolved to helpe them not withstanding the Commons gainesaid it by reason that they thought the continuall troubles of so many wars were greevous and bravie unto them yet so sarre prevailed the authoritie of the nobles that the people also gave their consent to succom their consederate cittie This warre was committed to the managing of P. Sulpitius the Consull who led an armie into Macedonie and sâ—ought certaine battailes fortunatly against Philip which were performed by horse-service The Abydons being invested and beleaguered round about by Philip following the example of the Saguntines slue their wives and children and their owneselves after them L. Furius the Pretour overthrew in a pight field the Gaules called Insubres that rebelled and likewise Amilcar the Carthaginian who began to make war in those parts where Amilcar was slaine and with him five and thirâ—ie thousand men Moreover this booke containeth the expeditions and voiages of king Philip and Sulpitius the Consull and the winning of certaine citties by than both Sulpitius the Consull warred with the helpe of king Attalus and the Rhodians L. Furius the Pretor triumphed over the Gaules FVll well apaied am I likewise that I am now come to an end once of the Punicke warre as if my selfe had been in person there and borne my part in
prodigies I say were expiated and the Latine festivall holydaies were celebrated anew for that the dole of flesh was not given unto the Laurentines which of duty should have been delivered Moreover a solemne supplication was ordeined in regard of all errours and faults escaped in divine service and religious observances Also out of the bookes of Sibylla the Decemvirs declared and shewed to what gods sacrifice should be made and ten young springals free borne ten virgins likewise whose fathers and mothers yet lived were employed about the ministery of those sacrifices The Decemvirs also by night sacrificed young sucklings And P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus before hee tooke his journey erected an arch in the Capitoll over-against the high street that leadeth thither with 7 gilded statues and 2 horses and before that arch he set up two cesternes or lavers of marble About this time 43 principall persons of Aetolia among whom were Democritus and his brother were conveighed to Rome by two squadrons or cohorts sent of purpose from M. Acilius and there were laid up fast in the prison called The stone quarries which done the cohorts aforesaid were commaunded by L. Cornelius the Consull to make returne to the armie From Ptolomeus and Cleopatra king and queene of Aegypt there came embassadors testifying their joy which they conceived in the behalfe of the Romanes in these termes That M. Acilius the Consull had chased king Antiochus out of Greece exhorting also the Romans to transport an armie into Asia for that not in Asia only but likewise in Syria all men were smitten with fear and amazed As for the KK of Aegypt they would be ready to doe for their parts whatsoever the Senat should set downe Thankes were returned to the K. and Q. aforesaid and order was taken that to the embassadors for a reward should be given 4000 brasen Asses apeece L. Cornelius the Consull having accomplished all things to be done at Rome published an Edict in a generall assembly That aswell those soldiors whom himselfe had enrolled for supply as they who wer with A. Cornelius in the Brutians country should all meet at Brundusium upon the Ides of Quintilis Moreover he nominated three lieutenants Sex Digitius L. Apussius and C. Fabricius Luscinus for to gather ships togither out of all the sea coasts into Brundusium And when hee had prepared and set all things in good order hee departed from the citie clad in his rich coat of armes There presented unto the Consull as he went forth to the number of 5000 voluntaries Romanes and allies togither who had served their full yeeres in the wars under the conduct of P. Africanus and now wer exempt from solderie who all offered to go with him and to be enrolled as prest souldiours Much at the time that the Consull tooke his journey during the festivall Apollinare games in the honour of Apollo upon the fift day before the Ides of Iuly it chaunced that in the day time when the aire was cleere and faire there arose a suddaine darkenesse during the eclipse of the sunne by reason that the body of the moone was directly under the circle and roundle of the sunne L. Aemylius Regillus also admirall of the warre at the same time went to sea L. Aurunculeius was charged by order from the Senat to build thirtie galeaces with five bankes of ores and twentie gallies with three bankes because a bruit was blowne and blazed abroad that Antiochus upon the late battaile at sea was about to prepare a much greater armada The Aetolians after their embassadors were returned from Rome and had made relation that there was no hope of peace albeit all their sea coasts especially toward Peloponnesus were spoiled and wasted by the Achaeans yet minding more their perill like to ensue than remembering their losse received seized the mountaine Corax intending to impeach and stop the passage of the Romanes For they made no question nor doubt but that the next spring they would returne to besiege and assault Naupactum Acilius who wist well what they expected thought it better to goo in hand with an enterprise unlooked for and namely to assaile Lamia for thus hee thought That seeing they had beene alreadie brought to a great under and extremitie by king Philip now they might be taken sodainly and surprised at unawates because they stood in feare of nothing lesse Whereupon remooving from Elatia he encamped first in the country of his enemies neere to the river Sperchius from whence by night he dislodged and advanced forthwith his ensignes and by the day breake had invested their walles round about Great feare and hurley there was as in an accident unlooked for yet all that day they defended the city more resolutely than a man would have beleeved and thought they could have done in so sodaine a daunger whiles men stood at defence upon the wals women set up ladders in many places and brought the men weapons and darts of all sorts yea and stories up to the walls unto them Acilius after he had sounded the retreat brought backe his men into the campe about noone and after they had there refreshed their bodies with meat and rest he gave them warning before he dismissed the Praetorium that ere day-light the next morning they should be ready in armes for that he would not come backe againe with them into the campe before they were masters of the towne At the same time as the day before hee gave assault in many places and for as much as the townesmens strength decaied their darts and weapons failed and abo ve all their hearts fainted within few houres hee wanne the citie After hee had made a riddaunce of the pillage sold some part and given away the rest hee fell to take counsell what to doe afterwards There was not one man of opinion to go against Naupactum considering that the Aetolians held and kept the pase of Corax Howbeit Acilius to the end that he would not keepe the field in sommer without doing some exploit and that the Aetolians might not enjoy that peace by the slackness of the Romane souldiours which obteine they could not at the Senates hand he purposed to besiege Amphissa and so the armie was conducted thither from Heraclea by the mountaine Oeta When he had encamped himselfe under the towne walls he began not to invest it round with men as he did Lamia but with ordinance and engins to batter it In many places at once he ran with the ramme against the walls and albeit they were shaken the townesmen went not about either to make redie or to devise and invent any meanes of defence against that instrument or engin All their hope was in trusty armour and hardie valour And so often they sallied forth that they disordred and troubled not only the guards of the enemies but also those that attended about the fabricks and artillerie Howbeit in many places the wall was battred and breaches made and even at that very
like as to the magistrates of Rome chuse wither he would slay and offer them at Rome or Preneste Also that out of that fleet which rid in the harbour of Brundusium there should be twentie gallies assigned him to use until such time as the king were arrived at the fleet which was given him Finally that L. Cornelius Scipio should accompanie him never depart from him but bear the charges both of him his retinue about him untill they were embarked ashipbourd It is said that the king joied wonderously at this courtesie and kindnes offered him by the people of Rome that he would needs pay for those presents which were given him onely hee commaunded his son to take a gift at the hands of the people of Rome Thus much have our historians written as touching K. Prusias But Polybius reporteth that this K. was unwoorthie the majesty of so honorable a name for that he was wont to meet the embassadours of Rome with his head shaven and a cap upon it also to acknowledge cal himselfe the freed villaine and vassaile of the people of Rome and to testifie so much he ware the badge and token of that degree and condition At Rome likewise when he entred the Counsel-house hee stouped downe and kissed the very doore sill calling the Senatours gods his saviours yea and to have used other speeches not so honourable to the hearers as base and unsitting his own person When hee had sejourned in and about the cittie not above thirtie daies hee tooke his leave and departed into his owne Realme To the Reader FRom the five and fortith booke forward all the rest of Livie to the great maine blemish of the Latin tongue and no small griefe of learned men is lost even 100 bookes wanting five like as those ten betweene the tenth and one twentith books commonly called the second Decade For as it appeareth by L. Florus the Epitomist there were in all 140 and the arguments of so many remaine at this day by him collected But if it be true that Frauncis Petrarch saith Livie wrote in all 142 and as Charles Sigonius probably coniectureth the 36 and 37 Breviaries of L. Florus be wanting of this latter number How all these complete bookes of T. Livius should miscarrie it is not certenly knowne Some hope there is that they are but mis-cast and laid out of the way For like as within these hundred yeeres some fragments of the storie were discovered in Magunce and the last five bookes now extant found by Simon Grinaeus in the Librarie of a monasterie over-against the citie of Wormbs and dedicated by Erasmus of Roterdam unto Charles the son of William Lord Montjoy in the reigne of Henrie the eight of famous memorie K. of England c. so wee are not to despaire of the rest In the meane time we must make much of these briefe summaries left unto us Even as therefore I have inserted those ten Breviaries in stead of the bookes so I thought it not amisse in hope that one day the verie bookes themselves will come to light to proceed in the rest following and the rather for that neither bee that translated Livie into the Tuscane language nor they who have done him into French as farre as I could ever see have taken that paines THE BREVIARIES OF L. FLORVS VPON THE REST OF T. LIVIVS HIS BOOKES WHICH ARE NOT EXTANT Of the six and fortith Booke EVmenes came towards Rome Now because in the Macedonian warre he had carried himselfe indifferent betweene Perseus and the Romanes there passed a law in generall tearmes That no King might repaire to Rome to the end that if he were excluded he should not be reputed an enemie nor if he were admitted acquit and cleered of all fault Cl. Marcellus the Consull subdued the Gaules inhabiting the Alpes and C. Sulpitius Gallus the Ligurians The Embassadours of K. Prusias complained of Eumenes for that hee invaded and wasted their borders and they enformed besides that hee had conspired with Antiochus against the people of Rome At the earnest suit and entreasie of the Rhodians a league was contracted with them The Censors tooke a review and survey of the city wherein were enrolled and sessed 327022 citizens of Rome M. Aemylius Lepidus was elected president of the Senat. Ptolomaeus the king of the Aegyptians was by his younger brother expelled out of his realme but by the meanes of Embassadours sent from Rome he was restored to his kingdome Vpon the death of Ariarathes king of Cappâ—docia his sonne Ariarathes came to the crowne and by entercourse and mediation of Embassadours renewed amittie with the people of Rome This booke containeth besides the warres against the Ligurians Corsians and Lusitanians fought with variable fortune the troubles also in Syria after the death of Antiochus who left behind him Antiochus his sonne a very child This young prince togither with his guardian Lysias Demetrius the sonne of Selencus who had been sent in hostage to Rome murdered privily because he was not set at large and dismissed by the Romanes and so himselfe entred upon the kingdome L. Aemylius Paulus who had conquered Perseus departed this life whose incorruptions and abstinence from the publicke treasure was such that notwithstanding he had brought both out of Spaine and Macedonie so great store of wealth and riches yet when his goods were prized and sold there would be hardly raised thereof sufficient to repay his wife her dowrie The Pomptine marishes were drawen drie by Cor. Cethegus the Consull unto whom that charge was by lot fallen and the same turned into firme ground Of the XLVII booke CNeus Tremellius a Tribune of the Commons had a fine set on his head for that he had contended in a wrongfull cause with M. Aemylius Lepidus the soveraigne Pontifie The power and authoritie of the cleargie magistrates was greater and mightier than before A law was enacted as touching inordinate suit for offices In the survey of the citie there were taxed in the subsidie booke 328314 Romane citizens L. Aemylius Lepidus was chosen againe president of the Senat. Betweene the two breethren Ptolomees who were at variance there passed this accord and agreement That the one should reigne in Aegypt and the other in Cyrenae Ariarathus king of Cappadocia by the politick plot forcible power of Demetrius king of Syria dispossessed of his kingdome was by the Senat set into it againe Certein embassadors were sent as delegates from the Senat to determinie of the litigigius ground betweene Masanissa and the Carthaginians C. Martius the Consull fought against the Dalmatians at the first unfortunatly but afterwards atchieved the victorie The occasion of the waâ— with them was this for that they had made wast upon the Illyrians who were allies of the people of Rome The same nation Cornelius Nasica the Consull brought in subiection Q. Opimius the Consull subdued the Ligurians beyond the Alpes who had spoiled Antipolis and Nicaes
him atchieved 25 L. Tarquinius Superbus the seventh K. of Romans ruled 25 yeeres IN the two hundred and twentieth yeare after the foundation of the citie L. Tarquinius the younger having killed Servius Tullius entered upon the Romane kingdome with force of armes not by Interregent ne yet any right of law Superbus hee was named for his cruell demeanour in that hee forbad to commit to earth the dead corps of his father in law by him murdered giving out that Romulus likewise died and lay unburied Hee was the sonne of L. Tarquinius Priscus the king as Q. Pictor Au. Gellius Licinius Macer Verrius Flaccus and Livius have written Howbeit Dionysius out of L. Piso in his Annales by most strong reasons disproveth their errour and by the certaine computation of the yeeres sheweth how it cannot possibly be so but rather that hee was the sonne of Tarquinius Priscus his sonne who died in the life of Priscus Five twentie yeeres he reigned according to Livie in his first book Dionysius in his fourth and Solinus in his Polyhistor But Cassiodorus Eusebius Eutropius and Bedas ascribe unto him five and thirtie yeeres adding unto his raigne those ten yeares which they tooke from Servius Tullius and thereby giving occasion of errour to the later writers Of him Dionysius Livie both the Plinies Gellius Macrobius and Eutropius have written much Collect then into one summe the yeares of these kings raigne and thereof will arise the number of two hundred fortie foure Of the first election of Consuls THis is the second chaunge of the common-weale by occasion that Superbus the K. as well for his insolent and proud government as for the villanie offered by Sextus the kings sonne to Lucretia was expelled and libertie recovered wherupon the soveraigne government yeer by yeere was committed to two men who first were named Pretours for that they were set over the people then Iudges because they decided their controversies and lastly Consuls in that they advised and provided for the good of the common-weale as Cicero in the third book of Lawes declareth in these words Let there be two invested in roiall government and of ruling judging and counsell giving be they called Pretours Iudges and Consuls let them have also the soveraigntie of commaund in warre Now the first Consuls or Pretors were created by Sp. Lucretius father of Lucretia and Interregent for the time in a generall assembly by the voices of the Centuries according to the commentaries of Servius Tullius the king The first Consull had all the rights prerogatives and regall ensignes of the KK this onely provided that both of them should not have the rods and axes carried before them for feare of presenting any terror to the people Both of them were chosen out of the Patritij which for this intent I advertise the Reader of that the progresse of the common-weale might be knowne seeing that in processe of time they came to be created out of the commons also Moreover as concerning the yeere moneth and day when as the first Consuls entred their government something were to be said in this place but because we have spoken before of the varietie and dissention of Authors thereabout therefore letting passe these circumstances proceed wee to the very Consuls who by the testimonie of all writers were first chosen namely 245 L. Iunius Brutus and L. Tarquinius Collatinus IT is recorded by all writers that L. Iunius Brutus L. Tarq. Collatinus were the first Coss. or Pretors of the Rom. people who in the end of the 244 yeer since the foundation of the citie and upon the first day of March after the Tarquins KK the father the son wer expelled the citie in an assembly of the Centuries were solemnly pronounced and declared Coss. But after that Brutus had compelled his colleague Tarquinius to resign up his Consulship either because hee was suspected for the affinitie and name of the Tarquins as L. Piso in Gellius the 15 book and 29 cap. Livie Plutarch Cic. 3. Offic. doe write or by occasion of a variance between Brutus and Collatinus about the execution of Collatinus his sisters sonne as Dionysius reporteth hee subelected in his place Pub. Valerius Volusius the sonne of Volusus whose helping hand hee had used especially in banishing the KK Of whose Consulship Polybius in the third booke Dionysius Livie Valerius Max. 4 booke 4 chap. Plutarch in Poplicola and Plinie 36 booke chap. 15 have made mention But Valerius after that Brutus in his magistracie was slaine by Aruns the sonne of Superbus for the king his father had levied warre against the Romans in a generall court of all the Centuries tooke unto him for his companion in government Sp. Lucretius Tricipitinus the father of Lucretia and to him being the elder submitted the preheminence of soveraigntie And soone after within few daies upon his death for hee was very aged hee assumed unto him M. Horatius Pulvillus for his colleague in the Consulship The said Valerius was called Poplicola for that during his magistracie he enacted certaine lawes very popular and namely concerning the appeale from the Consuls to the people and the receiving of the state-government from the said people as Livius and Dionysius do witnes In the vulgar bookes as also in the old written copies whether by error or of purpose I wote not wee read his name evermore Publicola but still in one and the same signification Only the letters are a little altered which otherwise have much affinitie one with another as Quintilian writeth namely o with u and p with b. For in antique titles and inscriptions you shall read often Poplicus for Publicus To conclude therefore in the first yeere after the KK were exiled Coss. at Rome were these L. Iunius Brutus and Lu. Tarq. Collatinus P. Valerius Publicola Sp. Lucretius Tricipitinus M. Horatius Pulvillus 246 P. Valerius II. T. Lucretius THe Consulship of these two is recorded unto us by Dionysius Livius and Cassiodorus Onuphrius Panvinius giveth unto Lucretius the surname of Tricipitinus both for that it was a peculiar addition to that house also because by an ancient Chronologer in the records of Cuspinian he is named Tricipitinus Now for Publius the Etymologie therof according to Sextus is twofold For some call him Pub. who hath ben brought up at the publicke charges others again name him so who was a ward before hee had his name given him 247 P. Lucretius P. Valerius Poplicola LIvius calleth this Lucretius by the for-name of P. but other books of Titus Dionysius writeth that P. Valerius Poplicola the third time and M. Horatius the second time were Coss. Plutarch speaketh of the third Consulship only of P. Valerius Onuphrius and Sigonius follow Dionysius As for Cassiodorus hee leaveth out altogether these Consuls 248 Sp. Lartius T. Herminius AFter Poplicola the third time and Pulvillus the second time Consuls Dionysius hath placed Sp. Lartius T. Herminius The same dooth Cassiodorus And the booke noted by Cuspinian
chap. Plinie also in his 7 booke and 50 chap. Now this M' Curius was called Dentatus as Plinie writeth in his 6 booke and 16 chap. for that hee came into the world with teeth 465 M. Valerius Q. Caditius MArcus Valerius and Q. Caeditius were afterwards Consuls as saith Cassiodorus The old booke of Cuspinian putteth to them the surnames of Corvinus and Noctua which in the Sicilian registers are overpassed The Greek records shew unto us Maximus and Mus for Maximus was a surname also of the Valerij Corvini 466 Q. Martius P. Cornelius CAssiodorus this yeere delivereth for Consuls Q. Martius and P. Cornelius Cuspinians booke and the Greeke records adde their surnames Tremulus II. and Arvinus II. who had been Consuls togither once before 467 M. Maâ—cellus Sp. Nautius CAssiodorus avoucheth Consuls this yeere M. Marcellus and Cn. Nautius The Greeke records and Cuspinians booke have Marcellus and Rutilus 468 M. Valerius C. Aelius MArcus Valerius and C. Aelius are raunged in this yeer for Consuls by Cassiodorus Cuspinians book putteth forth Maximus and Paetus but the Greeke records Potitus and Paetus Now you must thinke that both Maximus Potitus are the surnames of the Valerij 469 C. Claudius M. Aemilius FOr this yeeres Consuls Cassiodorus hath C. Claudius and M. Aimilius The Greeke records and Cuspinians booke Canina and Lepidus whereof the former is the surname of Claudius the latter of Aemilius 470 C. Servilius L. Caecilius BY Cassiodorus C. Servilius and L. Caecilius Metellus are placed Consuls in this yeere for whereas in some copies of Cassiodorus in stead of Lu. Caecilius is written Caelius that is a fault as Sigonius and Onuphrius have noted To Servilius this Consull the Greeke records adde the surname of Turca whome they put down Consull with Dento they would say Denter as both Sigonius and Onuphrius suppose For Denter is a surname also given to the Caecilij as appeareth by Livie 471 P. Cornelius Dolabella Cn. Domitius CAssiodorus inferreth P. Cornel Dolabella and Cn. Domitius for Consuls Cuspinians Kalender hath Dolabella and Calvus The Sicilian registers Dolabella Maximus And some thinke that Maximus was the surname of Dolabella which hee seemeth to have acquired by the honor that he had woon in the war against the Gaules 472 C. Fabricius Q. Aemilius CAssiodorus bringeth in for Consuls C. Fabricius and Q. Aemilius but the Sicilian registers Luscinus and Papus Of them Cicero in his booke Laelius maketh mention in this manner Wee see that Papus Aemilius was familiarly acquainted with C. Luscinus for so we have heard our fathers say that they were two Consuls togither and companions in the Censorship Moreover Valerius in his chap. where hee treateth of Povertie maketh mention of C. Fabricius and Q. Aemilius Papus This Aemilius Plutarch in his Parallels calleth corruptly by the name of Paulus 473 L. Aumilius Q. Martius THere followed Consuls as Cassiodorus sheweth L. Aimilius and Q. Martius unto whome Cuspinians booke and the Greeke records give also their surnames Barbula and Philippus and the same also is evident by the records in the Capitoll of their triumphs 474 P. Valerius T. Coruncanius P. Vb. Valerius and Tit. Coruncanius are by Cassiodorus placed in this yeere for Coss. The Greeke records Cuspinians booke Florus Orosius and Eutropius give to Valerius the surname of Laevinus And Plutarch hath 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 475 P. Sulpitius P. Decius NExt after those Cassiodorus putteth down P. Sulpitius Consull with P. Decius The Sicilian registers have Savennio and Mus. Cicero in his 2 booke entitled De Fin. and in his Tusculan disputations saith That this Pub. Decius was the son of that P. Decius who vowed himselfe to death in the Samiâ—ites and Gaules warre 476 C. Fabricius Q. Aimilius CAssiodorus delivereth unto us for Consuls C. Fabricius and Q. Aimilius whome Cuspinians booke and the Greeke records call Luscinus the second time and Papus That these were fellows togither once before in the Consulate Cicero writeth in his book Laelius Plutarch in Pyrrhus Gellius 3 booke chap. 8. Eutropius and Zonaras make report of the same 477 P. Cornelius C. Iunius PVb. Cornelius and C. Iunius are rehearsed for Consuls this yeer by Cassiodorus Cuspinians booke hath Rufinus the second time and Brutus The Greeke records Rufinus and Bubulcus Zonaras hath R. finus and Iunius Of P. R. finus twise Consull Cic. in his 2 booke Of a perfect orator Valer. Max. in his 3 booke and 4 chap. Gellius in his 4 booke and 8 chap. in his 17 booke likewise and 21 chap. and last of all Frontinus in his booke of Straâ—agemes make mention 478 Q. Fabius C. Genutius CAssiodorus reporteth Q. Fabius and C. Genutius Coss. The Sicilians registers have Gurges and Clepsina Of these Consuls Orosius maketh mention in this wise When Fabius Gurges was the second time Consul with G. Genutius Clepsina a grievous pestilence reigned both in the cittie and also in the territorie about it 479 M' Curius L. Lentulus CAssiodorus and Eutropius deliver unto us for Consuls M' Curius and L. Lentulus The Sicilian registers Dentatus and Lentulus This is the third Consulate of M' Curius which togither with Lentulus Consulship is drawne out of the Capitoll records of triumph this yeere 480 Serv. Cornelius M' Curius CAssiodorus sheweth for this yeeres Consuls Servius Cornelius and M' Curius Cuspinians booke and the Greeke records Merenda and Dentatus the third time This M' Curius is now Consull the fourth time for thrice he was before Concerning this Serv. Cornelius Merenda Plinie relateth and writeth that hee received a princely coroner of gold at the hands of L. Lentulus the Consull of the former yeere for winning a town of the Samnites 481 C. Fabricius C. Claudius CAssiodorus setteth downe C. Fabricius and C. Claudius Consuls the Sicilian records Licinius and Canina Cuspinians kalender Licinius and Cinna Eutropius Fabius Lâ—câ—nius and C. Claudius Caninâ— Valleius Fabius Do so and Claud. Canina Whereby it may be understood that these Consuls were called â— Fabius Do so Licinius and Caius Claudius Canina for Dorso was an old name of the Fabij 482 L. Papirius Cursor Sp. Carvilius NExt after them Cassiodorus nominateth for Consuls Sp. 〈◊〉 and Lu. Papirius Cursor The records both of Sicilie and Cuspinian have Cursor and Maximus Both these were now Consuls the second time as appeareth by their triumphs upon record in the Capitoll Frontinus speaketh of them in this booke Of water conduits and Livie in his 24 booke 483 C. Quintius L. Genutius IT is reported by Cassiodore that C. Quintius and L. Genutius were Consuls Cuspinians booke and the Greeke records set to their surnames Claudius and Clepsina Livie in his 7 booke speaketh of one Tit. Quintius lame of one legge from whome haply this surname is drawne 484 C. Genutius Cn. Cornelius REported there are for Consuls this yeere by Cassiodorus C. Genutius and Cn. Cornelius whose surnames were Clepsina Blasio as it appeareth in Cuspinians books This Caius
was surnamed Allobrogicus upon a victorie over the Allobroges Of this Lucius Opimius Consull after whose name there was a wine called Opimianum Plinie maketh mention in his foureteenth booke and fourth chap. Plutarch also in C. Gracchus and Velleius in his second booke 634 P. Manlius C. Papyrius CAssiodorus insereth for this yeeres Consuls P. Manlius and C. Papyrius The Sicilian records Manlius and Carbo This is that Caisis Papyrius Carbo who being a Tribune of the Commons when Claudius and Perpenna were Coss. was afterwards by C. Gracchus appointed for one of the Triumvirs to devide lands who first tooke part with the Commons but afterwards raunged with the nobilitie of whom Cicero in many other places and namely in his second booke of a perfect Oratour maketh mention 635 L. Cacilius L. Aurelius CAssiodorus and Obsequens put downe for Consuls Lucius Caecilius and Lu. Aurelius The Sicilian catalogue Metellus and Cotta Plutarch in Marius speaketh of Caecilius Metellus and Cotta Consuls Which Marius he writeth to have borne the Tribuneship of the Commons when these were Consuls and to have cast Metellus the Consull into prison This is that Cotta in whose consulat roume Velleius reporteth that C. Caesar Flamin of Iupiter was created 636 M. Cato Q. Martius THis yeere had for Consuls Mar. Cato and Q. Martius witnesse Cassiodorus and Obsequens Cato and Martius according to the Sicilian registers But Eutropius nameth them M. Porcius Cato and Q. Martius Valerius speaketh of them in his first booke and Plinie in his second booke and one and thirtieth chap. Gelleius also in his 13 booke and 19 chapter 637 L. Lucilius Q. Mutius COnsuls next ensuring by Cassiodorus his saying were L. Caecilius and Q. Mutius After the Sicilian registers Metellus and Scaevola if ye go by Eutropius L. Caecilius Metellus and Q. Mutius Scaevola Now is this that L. Caecilius Metellus who afterwards upon subduing the Dalmatians was surnamed Dalmaticus whom Plutarch in Coriolanus and in his booke of the Romane fortune nameth Diadematus for that a long time he bound up his forehead with a frontlet or wreath which they call a diademe to hide an ulcer that hee had there Hereupon when Pompeius bound up his leg with a white band or garter It makes no matter qd Favonius in what part of the bodie a man weareth the diademe upbraiding and reproching him for his king like power in tearming a small clout or peece of cloth by that name This is that Q. Mutius Scaevola the Augur of whom Cicero in his booke Laelius and in the first booke of an Oratour maketh mention 638 C. Licinius Geta. Q. Maximus CAssiodorus coupleth together in societie of Consullship this yeere C. Litinius and Qu. Maximus The Sicilian registers name them Geta and Eburinus Of this Q. Maximus Cicero speaketh in his Oration for Muraena That this man was of the house of the Fabij his surname Eburinus sheweth of whome writeth Festus in this manner Qu. Fabius was called Pullus Iovis surnamed Eburivus of whitenesse for that his buttocke was blasted with lightening Quintilian in his third Declamation reporteth that this Fabius Eburinus had a sonne unchast of his bodie whom he examined at home in his house and thereupon put him to death The same man Valerius calleth Qu. Fabius Servilianus As for the name of this Licinius his father obscure and unknowne heretofore Goltzius out of an old antiquitie of coin hath restored it wherin as he saith was written plainely C. Licinius Geta son of Publius 639 M. Metellus M. Scaurus THe Consuls next following by Cassiodorus his report were Mar. Metellus and M. Scaurus As for Metellus the third sonne he was of Macedonicus But as touching M. Scaurus whome the writer of the booke entituled of Famous persons calleth M. Aemylius Scauras thus writeth Paedianus M. Scaurus quoth hee was a Patritian indeed and of noble bloud but so as the gentric of his house for those discents before him lay obscure for neither father nor grandsire by reason of their poore estate and for want of putting forth themselves in the world attained to dignitie in weale publicke Moreover of him Cicero maketh mention oftentimes in his Oration for Murena and in Brutus Valerius also in his fift book and eight chapter and Plinie likewise in his second booke and sixe and thirtieth chapter 640 M' Acilius Balbus C. Cato CAssiodorus setteth down for Consuls this yeere M. Atilius Balbus and C. Cato The Sicilian catalogue Balbus and Cato Obsequens M. Acilius and C. Portius Of the same Consuls Plinie speaketh in the 2 booke chap. 29 and 58. Plutarch in Marius giveth to Acilius the forename Manius This C. Cato is the brother of that M. Cato who foure yeers before was Consull nephew to M. Cato Censorinus Africanus sisters sonne as saith Velleius Cicero against Verres and in Brutus 641 C. Caeilius Cn. Papyrius CAssiodorus and Obsequens set downe for next Consulls C. Caecilius and Cn. Papyrius The Sicilian registers Metellus and Carbo Eutropius C. Caecilius Metellus Cn. Carbo The same men Tacitus in his booke of the manners of Germanes reported to have borne the Consulship anno 640 after the foundation of Rome in which yeere both he and Obsequens doe report that the people of Rome began first to war with the Cimbrians and the Teutones This C. Metellus was the fourth sonne of C. Metellus the sonne of Macedonicus whom when he died he left a man of Pretors calling and in suit and election for to be Consull This man gat a surname by way of reproch as Cicero testifieth in his second booke of a perfect Oratour Now surnamed was hee Capriarus as Plutarch saith in the Life of the Romans 642 M. Livius Drusus L. Piso. CAssiodorus exhibiteth unto us for this yeers Consuls M. Livius Drusus and L. Piso. The Sicilian catalogue Drusus and Piso. L. Piso surnamed Caesonius a man of Consular degree was slaine after by the Tigurines when Lu. Cassius was Consull as Orosius testifieth 643 P. Scipio L. Calpurnius Bestia CAssiodorus nameth this yeere for Consuls P. Scipio and L. Calpurnius Bestia The Sicilian records Nasica and Bestia Obsequens Pub. Scipio and L. Calpurnius Salust Eutropius and Orosius P. Scipio Nasica and L. Capurnius Bestia Of these Consuls P. Nasica Scipio L. Bestia Valerius likewise maketh report lib. 1. cap. 6. Moreover Cicero in his Brutus writeth that P. Scipio the sonne of Pub. Scipio surnamed Serapion and fellow Consull to L. Bestia died in his Consulship Of this Bestia there is some mention to be seene in a capitoll fragment 644 Sp. Postumius M. Minutius CAssiodorus setteth downe for Consuls Sp. Postumius and M. Minutius The Sicilian registers Albinus and Rufus Salust Sp. Albinus and Q. Minutius Rufus Of M. Minustius Velleius and the threescore and seventh Epitome make mention 645 Q. Metellus M. Silanus CAssiodorus saith that the Consuls next following were Q. Metellus and M. Silanus The Sicilian catalogue sheweth Metellus and Silanus Paedianus and Eutropius Qu.
the Quinquennale solemnitie perform ed as writeth Dio in memoriall of the empire of Augustus and Agrippa one of the Quindecemvirs had the ordering and setting out thereof 739 M. Drusus L. Piso. THe Consuls next following were M. Drusus and L. Piso as Cassiodorus saith The Sicilian registers name them Libo and Piso. Dio M. Livius sonne of Lucius Drusus Libo and L. Calpurnius sonne of Lucius Piso M. Drusus sonne of Marcus L. ****** according to the Colotian fragment 740 Cn. Lentulus M. Crassus THis yeere next following had for Consuls after Cassiodorus and the Sicilian monuments Cn. Lentulus and M. Crassus whom Dio calleth M. Licinius sonne of Marcus Crassus and Cn. Cornelius sonne of Cneus Lentulus The Colotian fragment sheweth Marcus Licinius sonne of Marcus 741 T. Nero. P. Quintilius TIberius Nero and P. Quintilius were Consuls this yeere as Cassiodorus reporteth They are named Nero and Varus in the Sicilian Catalogue And Dio calleth them Titus Claudius sonne of Tiberius Nero and P. Quintilius son of Sextus Varus The Colotian fragment Tiberius Claudius sonne of T. Suetonius writeth that Tiberius bare his first Consulship but a few daies For this is that Tiberius Nero Augustus Caesar's wives sonne who after the death of Augustus attained to the empire having bene first by him adopted 742 M. Messala P. Sulpitius CAssiodorus putteth downe for Consuls Messala and P. Sulpitius The Sicilian records Messala and Quirinus Dio M. Valerius sonne of Marcus Messala Barbatus and P. Sulpitius sonne of Publius Quirinus of whom Suetonius in Claudius and Tacitus in his second booke write Moreover this is that Sulpitius Quritius who by Iosephus in the seventeenth booke of antiquities and first chapter is said to have borne the consulare dignitie was lieutenant in Syria At which time our Lord Iesus Christ the redeemer Savior of mankind was borne of whom Saint Luke maketh mention saying This was the first enrolment or taxation which was made by Quirinus President and governor of Syria After these Consuls others were substituted in their place as the Colotian stone sheweth wherein it is thus read M. Valerius M. F. C. Volgius C. F. Suff. C. Caninius Likewise in Cuspinian his kalender these Consuls are written with their surnames Messala Quirinus Rebilus Saturninus Maximus Tubero By which it appeareth that Rebulus and Saturninus were the surnames of Caninius and Volgius By a fragment of the capitoll marble it is evident that the surnames of Valerius was Aemylianus of Volgius Rufus and Rebulus of Caninius and that as Rufus was put in the place of Valerius so Rebulus in stead of Rufus There remaineth also the memoriall of Rebulus and Saturninus in the Sicilian records In this yere Dio reporteth that Augustus was a second time made over-seer for mens maners and demeanours five yeeres more and that hee resumed still the same authoritie by times as also the empire and therein Agrippa died 743 P. Fabius Q. Aelius CAssiodorus exhibiteth for this yeeres Consuls Paulus Fabius Q. Aelius Dion Paulus Fabius sonne of Quintus Maximus and Tubero Of Q. Aelius Tubero and P. Fabius Maximus Consuls Frontius speaketh of in his book of water conduits and Plinie in his eight booke and seventh chapter where hee writeth that the Theatre of Marcellus was dedicated when Quintus Tubero and Fabius Max. were Consuls 744 Iulus Antonius Q. Fabius CAssiodorus nameth for Consuls this yere Iulius Antonius Africanus and Q. Fabius Dio Iul. Antonius Africanus and Q. Fabius sonne of Quintus Maximus The Sicilian catalogue kalender of Cuspinian shew Africanus and Maximus Dio nameth Iulus the sonne of Antonius Vnto him Horace writeth in this manner Pindarum quisquis studet aemulaei Iule ceratis op Daedalea Nititur pennis c. With wings devis'd by Daedalus And glew'd with wax they flie Who strive ô Iule with Pindarus To match his poetrie And after Tendit Antoni quoties in altos Nubium tractus ô Antoni so oft As he doth mount the clouds aloft 745 Drusus Nero. Titus Quintius THere succeeded Coss. according to Cassiodorus Drusus Nero and T. Quintius but after Dio Nero Claudius sonne of Tiberius Drusus and T. Quintius sonne of Titus Crispinus Drusus and Crispinus by Cuspinians kalender and the Sicilian registers This Drusus brother of Tiberius Nero was Augustus Caesars wives sonne who being Consull died in Germanie and both he and his children had the surname of Germanicus as Dio writeth which addition the Senat gave him first of that province as Eutropius saith With the death of this Drusus endeth Livies histories for thus it is written in the last Epitome c. Looke in the said Breviarie TO THE READER I doubt not but many of them who shall take delight and pleasure in reading the Romane storie above-written will presently grwo into a liking of the very place which hath affourded so worthy persons and rare examples The love whereof hath moved many a man to undertake a voiyage to Rome onely to see the river Tyberis those seven hils and the monuments remaining of that famous citie The journie they have found for way long and tedious for expense of money heavie and chargeable for hazard of religion conscience and good manners exceeding dangerous so farre degenerate are the inhabitants now from that auncient people so devoute so vertuous and vncorrupt in old time To satisfie the readers in this behalfe and to avoid the perill of that travaile I thought it not amisse to bring Rome as it were home to them even to represent unto their eye the topographie thereof that is to say the description of the paces with the memorable edifices or rather the ruines of those antique buildings mentioned in the storie aforesaid And for as much as Bartholmew Marlian hath herein taken paines and made a treatise therof worthy in his conceit to be dedicated unto that noble Prince of famous memorie Francis the French king the first I take it of that name and for that those learned men who last set Livie forth in print have thought good to adjoine thereto as a necessarie dependant the foresaid treatise I for my part having struggled with the difficulties of the Alpes in some sort overcome thē crossed Rhosne and the Po passed over the hils Olympus and Aemus scrawled throgh the rough streights of Thermopylae and Tempe seeme now I would not in my returne to stick at the pleasant mounts Palatine Capitol Aventine c. with the plains and vallies between or the river Tybre Mars field underneath thē beautified especially with such stately temples triumphant arches glorious pallaces Theatres Cirques Columnes Colosses wonders of the world And albeit I found Marlian far unlike himself the book that goeth in his name much corrupt in the print yet by conference with other authors I have reformed the faults and endevoured that our English edition might in some measure be answerable to the Latine A SVMMARIE COLLECTED BY IOHN BARTHOLMEW MARLIANVS A GENTLEMAN OF MILLAINE TOVCHING THE
as furniture to sepultures belōging The chappell to this goddesse stood without the cittie and a gate there was Libitinensis at which they carried foorth their dead For at Rome they might not cōmonly burie or burn a dead corps within the citie unlesse it were upon a special priviledge the law of 12 tables provided therefore in these expresse words IN URBE NON SEPELITO NEVE URITO but in some barren part of their land each man bestowed the ashes or bodies of their dead The practise whereof is evident by many examples in histories and at this day are monuments standing of their tombes reared neere the great causey Appia and elsewhere about Rome The consideration hereof with some other circumstances of a place in the 3 booke of Livie gave me occasion haply to translate amisse There happened to bee a great mortalitie in Rome and the territorie about it not onely of men but of cattlel also at what time as the Volscians and Aequians were encamped within three miles of Rome with a purpose to give the assault to the citie but they were suddainly stricken with a feare that they durst not approach neere testaque procul visa arque imminentes tumuli avertere mentem corum c. where I have englished imminentes tumuli tombes and graves neere at hand in opposition of testa urbis Romena procul visa and the rather because it presently followeth In deserio agro inter tabem perorum atque bominum where tumuli may well be put for tombes and monuments and imminentes neere at hand as Livie and others doe take those words But if any man would have it meant rather of the 7 hils of Rome commaunding and overlooking those houses aforesaid I will not be against it but rather my 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 shall go with him and pardon me I hope he will if either there or elsewhere I have seemed to nod and take a little nap Namque opere in longo fas est obrepere somnum seeing that I have taken my selfe in the manner and not slept untill my neighbour awaked me Lictours in Livie are ministers or sergeants attending upon the magistrates of Rome namely Dictatours Consuls Pretours for those only were called somtime magistrates 〈◊〉 as superiour to the rest so called as Fectus thinketh quod fasces virgarum ligatos serant for that they carried rods tied up in bundels which rods were of birch willow hazell or the Carpine tree a kind of Plane or Maple and within them stuck an axe all to signifie whipping death These officers made way before those magistrates and were ministers also of the execution Lituus was the Augurs staffe much like a bishops croisier crooked at the end M MAgister Equitum Master or Generall of the horsemen This was an office or dignitie among the Romanes incorporate as it were in the Dictatour alone who ever had the absolute naming and chusing of him and ordinarily he was subject to him howsoever Minutius was by strong hand and a violent course of the people made equall to Q. Fabius his Dictatour Commaunder hee was under him of the Cavallerie also his Lieutenant-generall and coadjutour with him in all execution The same that Tribunus celerum in the time of the KK M. Marcus M' with the note of Apostrophus Manius The forenames of certaine Romanes Manipulus in an armie was at the first a pettie companie often soldiors following one javelin having a wispe of hearbs or hay fastened to the upper end as a man would say an handfull of men used after for a small band or squadron of souldiours and Manipulares were they tearmed who served in one such Manipulus Matuta otherwise called Leutothea or Ino the daughter of Cadmus Into her temple at the time of her solemne feast might no maid servant enter and if any did they were sure to be beaten forth by the dames or wives there assembled in remembrance of one Antigera the chamber-maid of Ino with whome her husband Athamas as shee thought was more familiar than she liked well of Megalesia were plaies or games at Rome not as the letter seemeth to import Magni which were Romani but in the honour of Cybele the goddesse named also Idaea Magna mater i. the great mother of the gods Mulsta decem millium aris gravis c. was no doubt a fine of brasen money set upon a mans head after the weight of so much every As weighing a lib. of 12 ounces For before that silver was cast and stamped for coine Aes grave plaustris ad aetarium convehebant as Livie saith when they paid tribute or subsidy to the citie chamber as they were assessed Mundus Muliebris the Elegancie of women Nam quem 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Graci nomine ornamenti appelaverunt cum nos perfecta absolutag elegantia mundum i the world Plin. first booke fourth chapter Murcea or Murtia one of the names attributed to Venus quia prater modum non moveret sed saceret hominem murcidum i. nimis desidiosum inactuosum contrarie to that other goddesse Agenoria qua ad agendum excitaret And hereupon it is that Murtea is put for the goddesse of sloath and lithernesse N NOra tabula was an easment proposed in favour of debters at Rome whereby the old debt-bookes and obligations were cancelled or the Nomina dashed out Among the Atheniās this practise was called Sisachia i. an easing of burden or Chreocopia a cutting off or striking out of debts N. Numerius a forename to some houses of Rome Nundina were the market daies appointed every ninth day at Rome for the paisants of the countrie to repaire unto the cittie to sell commodities or to buy their necessities And hereupon Trinundinū is the space of 27. daies comprehending three market daies Nones were daies in the month so called because they began the ninth day ever before the Ides honoured by the Romanes both for the birth-day of king Servius and also for the chasing out of the KK for otherwise it was not festivall as Ovid saith Nonarum tutela Deocaret O OVales or Ova were egges set upon the goles in the solemnitie of the hors-running at the plaies Circenses to reckon or skore up as it seemeth by Livie the races which were performed with 24 courses to represent foure and twentie houres of the day Neither was it for nought that choise was made of egges rather than other things for as egs are laid by birds the swiftest of al other living creatures so they also were to contend and strive to bee most active c. or else because Castor and Pollux those renowmed horsemen came of an egge as Poets fable P P. Publius a forname to some Romane families Panatolium or Panatolaik was a solemne diet or counsell wherein all the states of Aetolia assembled to consult of publicke affaires Patres were at Rome an hūdred Senators or noblemen counsailors of state chosen in this maner three out of every one of the 30 Curio
their king That hee reigned three and fortie yeers all accord save Eutropius Eusebius and Cassiodorus late writers who set downe but one and fortie as Onuphrius and Sigonius have observed Of this king Dionysius in the second booke Livie in his first Solinus in his second chapter Plutarch Plinie and Eutropius in his life in like sort Valerius Maximus have delivered much in record Hee died not much above the age of eightie yeeres as Plutarch writeth for born he was as he testifieth the same day whereon Romulus laid the first foundation of the citie namely the twelfth Calends of May. Now for the name of Numa some say it was the fore-name of Pompilius But out of Sextus Pompeius it appeareth that neither Tullius nor Numa were fore-names as also by this conjecture for that the sonnes of Numa are by Dionysius called by other sundry names diverse from the familie Some thought therefore that Numa Ancus Aruns Volusus Drufus Faustus Iulus Mammurius certain other surnames were at first forenames as Marlianus in his Annales hath verie well noted 32 Tullus Hostilius the third king of Rome reigned 32 yeeres NVma being deceased the Interregencie tooke place again during which time an act of Senat passed wherein by the approbation of the Commons and advise of the nobles Tullus Hostilius was created the third king of the Romans in the fourescore and one yeere after the foundation of the cittie Who having rased Alba commaunded the Albans to be translated to Rome Their Commons hee made free denizens and the principal nobles he tooke into the order of Senators After Numa he reigned 32 yeeres as all writers most constantly affirm He perished as Dionysius witnesseth by occasion that his house was on fire wherein his wife children all their houshold besides were consumed and burnt Some say that his pallace tooke fire by lightening through the ire of the gods for that hee had forlet some sacrifices and holy rites others write that it was occasioned by the trecherous practise of Ancus Martius who reigned next after him Of him Dionysius writeth in his 3 book That hee carried before him the name of Hostus it appeareth by this that both his father and grandfire bare the said name A prince hee was not onely farre unlike to Numa but also more fierce and stout than Romulus 24 Ancus Martius the fourth K. of Romanes reigned 24 yeeres KIng Tullius beeing departed this life there was an Interregent by the Nobles declared who held the assembly for Election in the 114 yeere from the foundation of the city wherein the people created Ancus Martius the fourth K. of the Romanes and the Senators approved the same He built Hostia a town 16 miles distant from the citie of Rome and fought seven battels Livius Dionysius and Solinus say that he reigned 24 yeeres but Eusebius Eutropius and Cassiodorus 23. What death hee died neither Livie in his first book nor Dionysius in his 3 do set down notwithstanding that by them his noble acts are set out at large Now Ancus as Sex Pompeius hath reported is hee called who harh an arme bowing inward so as it cannot be put straight forth 38 L. Tarquinius Priscus the fifth K. of Romans reigned 38 yeeres THis Tarquinius beeing left by Ancus when he died guardian to his children was the first that ambitiously intercepted the kingdome to himselfe hee sent the sonnes of Ancus during the time of Interregencie out of the way as it were to hunting and made an oration unto the people to win their harts affections to him so with the suffrages of the people and authoritie of the nobles he was by the Interegent declared K. in the 170 yeere after the foundation of Rome and in the 41 Olympias This noble prince as wel for warlike prowesse as peaceable pollicie and government at the length being above fourscore yeere old was forelaid by the secret traines of the two sonnes of Ancus Martius in the eight and thirtie yeere of his raigne according to Livie Dionysius whose judgement we follow or in the 37 as Solinus Messala Ruffus Eutropius Cassiodorus Eusebius and Bedas write like as wee have before shewed Priscus hee was surnamed afterwards because hee lived before Tarquinius Superbus saith Sex Pompeius unto whom accord Dionysius and Laurentius Valla who writeth that the addition of Priscus was given unto him not by men of that time wherein hee lived but by the age following But Livie sheweth plainely that he had the surname of Priscus given him even then when he came first into the citie because he was borne before Superbus Hee also was called Lucumo and was the sonne of Demaratus the Corinthian descended from the familie of the Brachiades 44 Servius Tullius the sixt K. of the Romans reigned foure and fortie yeeres AFter Priscus Tarquinius was slain presently Servius Tullius was the first that without any election of the people yet with the general consent of the Nobles tooke upon him the Romane kingdom in the yeere from the foundation of the citie 176. Concerning whose conception wee must not let passe that which Plinie writeth in the 36 booke after this manner During the reigne of Tarquinius Priscus there appeared sodainly the genital member of the masculine sex upon the herth where the fire was kept and thereupon presently a captive woman bond-servant of Tanaquil the queen named Ocrisia sitting there by the fire side conceived was with child and so was Servius Tullius borne who succeeded in the kingdome Afterwards as the boy lay asleep within the kings pallace his head was seene on a light fire and supposed he was the son of the familiar Lar of that house In which regard he instituted first the Compitalia and plaies to the Lares Concerning his birth Plutarch hath written more in his booke of the Romans fortune By the crastie and subtill devise of his wives mother Tanaquil he attained to the crowne in the fourth yeere of the fifth Olympias and reigned 44 yeeres but by the vilanous complot of Tarquinius his sonne in law and Tullia his owne daughter and Tarquins wife hee was most impiously slaine in the verie street which thereupon was called Sceleratus As touching the yeeres of this kings reigne some controversie there is among writers for Livie Dionysius and Solinus whom wee have followed write that hee reigned 44 yeeres but Messala Corvinus Sex Ruffus Eutropius Eusebius Cassiodorus and Bedas 34 and not above Howbeit in adding those ten to the reigne of Tarquine afterwards they hinder not this grosse summe and computation of the yeeres for they set them downe 35 which Livie Dionysius and Solinus make but 25. This K. tooke the name of Servius by occasion of his owne fortune for that his mother Ocrisia a captive but a most beautifull and wise woman of Corniculum bare him during her bondage but Tullius hee was called by the name of his fathers kindred as Dionysius writeth in his fourth booke reckoning up many acts by
been twice Pretour was hanged and strangled to death when Cicero was Consull for that he had conspired with Catilin whose grandfather was P. Lentulus Presedent of the Senate as Cicero saieth pleading for his house and inveighing against Catilin as also Paedianus 684 M. Crassus Cn. Pompeius NExt to them were Coss. M. Crassus and Cn. Pompeius according to Cassiodore Plutarch Appian and the Sicilian records Their surnames for certaine were Dives and Magnus All the old writers speake much of this their first Consulship Plutarch reporteth that Licinius Crassus atteined to the Consulare dignitie by the meanes of Pompeius the Consull Besides Cicero Salust Paedian writing upon the oration for Cornelius and all other authours speake of these Consuls 685 Q. Metellus Q. Hortensius THen followed Consuls Q. Metellus and Q. Hortensius as Cassiodore and the Sicilian catalogue doe testifie Paedianus matcheth Q. Metelius Creticus with Q. Hortensius that great Oratour Likewise Iosephus in his foureteenth booke of Iewish antiquities Cicero in Brutus calleth this Q. Hortensius the sonne of Lucius Q. Metellus afterwards upon the conquest made of Crete surnamed Creticus was the sonne of Lucius Dalmaticus as may bee gathered out of Paedianus upon the Oration of Tullie called Divinatio against Verres 686 L. Metellus Q. Marcius PAedianus writing upon Tullies Oration against Piso Dio likewise Cassiodorus joine together in the Consulship this yeer L. Caecilius Metellus Q. Marcius the Greeke records Marcius Rex and Metellus This Metellus Dio writeth to have died in the very beginning of his magistracie that hee also who was substituted in his roume left this life before hee entred into the governement and thereupon it was not thought good to subelect any more and by that means Quintus Marcius bare that dignitie alone and him Salust entituleth with the surname of Rex This Lucius Metellus was brother to Quintus â—reticus as Paedian witnesseth 687 C. Piso. M' Glabrio THere succeeded Consuls C. Piso M' Glabrio witnesse Cassiodore the Sicilian records And in Dio they follow immediatly by the name of Manius Acilius and C. Piso. Cicero in his twelfth book of Epistles to Atticus speaketh of C. Piso and M' Acilius Glabrio men of Consular place and calling Paedian in his comentaries upon the oration for Cornelius maketh mention of C. Piso and the law Calpurna by him made as touching inordinat and indirect suite after dignities of state Moreover of them Valerius in his fourth booke writeth 688 M' Lepidus L. Volcatius CAssiodore putteth down for Consuls Manius Lepidus and with him L. Torquatus but untruly The Greeke records have Volcatius Tullus Dio Lu. Tullus and Aimilius Lepidus Salust in Catiline L. Tullus and M' Lepidus Paedian upon the oration for Cornelius M' Lepidus and L. Volcatius Cicero in his oration for Sulla hath L. Volcatius Tullus so as it appeareth it should bee M' Aemilius Lepidus and L. Volcatius Tullus 689 L. Cotta L. Torquatus THe Consuls elect were L. Autronius Paetus as it appeareth upon a monument of a triumph in the capitoll and not Antronius as commonly it is read and P. Cornelius Sulla who being condemned for ambitious seeking after that office and having therefore suffered condigne punishment their accusers stept into their place of government namely L. Aurelius sonne of Marcus surnamed Cotta and L. Manlius sonne of Lucius surnamed also Torquatus as testifie Salust Dio Paedian upon the oration for Cornelius and that which hee made in his white robe and lastly Tranquillus in Caesar. 690 L. Caesar. C. Figulus THe yeere next ensuing had for Consuls by the testimonie of Cassiodore Paedianus and the Sicilian records L. Caesar and C. Figulus whome Dio calleth Lucius Caesar and Lucius Martius son of Caius surnamed Figulus Cicero in his oration for Sulla nameth them Lucius Iulius and C. Figulus so doth Salust in Catilina This L. Iulius Caesar is his sonne who was Consull in the Marsian warre 691 M. Cicero C. Antonius THe Consuls this yeere were M. Tullius son of M. surnamed Cicero and C. Antonius son of M. as testifie Dio in his seven and thirtieth booke Cassiodore Salust in his Catilinarie oration Velleius in his second booke Ioseph in his Iewish antiquities 14 booke 8 chapter Plinie in his eight booke and three and fiftieth chapter Tranquillus in the life of Augustus Appian Eutropius Paedian and others 692 D. Silanus L. Muraena THere followed Consuls next D. Silanus and L. Muraena as Cassiodorus Salust and the Sicilian records do witnesse Dio calleth them D. Iunius son of M. surnamed Silanus and L. Licinius son of L. surnamed Muraena Eutropius nameth them D. Iunius Silanus and L. Licinius sonne of that L. Muraena who in qualitie of Pro-pretour triumphed over Mithridates as Cicero saith pleading for Muraena himselfe being accused and in trouble for unlawfull seeking to be Cos. In this assembly for election of Coss. L. Sergius Catilina suffered the second repulse for anger whereof in a melancholy hee brake out into a conspiracie and practised against the state and likewise Servius Sulpitius Rufus the lawyer who afterwards accused Muraena for the crime aforesaid 693 M. Pupius M. Valerius CAssiodorus setteth downe for Consuls this yeere M. Pupius and M. Valerius The Sicilian registers Piso and Messala Dio M. Pupius sonne of M. surnamed Piso and M. Valerius son of M. surnamed Messala Niger Of this Messala Niger there is also mention made by Paedian upon the oration for Scaurus Also of M. Messala and M. Piso in Plinies seventh booke and sixe and twentieth chapter seven and thirtieth booke cap. second and the eight book chap. sixe twentie And in Caesars first book of the Gaules warre Of M. Piso Paedian likewise speaketh writing upon the oration against Piso. 694 Q. Metellus Q. Afranius CAssiodorus the Sicilian registers nominate for this yeeres Consuls Q. Metellus and L. Afranius The like doth Obsequens and Cicero in his first booke of Epistles to Atticus Dio nameth them L. Afranius sonne of L. and Q. Caecilius sonne of Q. surnamed Metellus Celer Both of them were advaunced to the Consulate as Dio witnesseth by the means of Pompeius for they had beene both twaine his lieutenants serving under him in Asia 695 C. Caesar. M. Bibulus CAssiodorus Suetonius together with the Sicilian tables and the Breviaries do match together for Consuls this yeere C. Caesar and M. Bibulus Dio C. Iulius sonne of Caius Caesar and M. Calpurnius Plutarch and Appian C. Iulius Caesar and Calpurnius Bibulus Albeit Appian as also Eutropius and Orosius give Bibulus the forename of Lucius Of Caesar and Bibulus Cicero speaketh in his first booke of Epistles writing to Lentulus 696 L. Piso. A. Gabinius CAssiodorus and the Sicilian records shewe for Consuls this yeere L. Piso and A. Gabinius Dio L. Calpurnius sonne of Lucius Piso and A. Gabinius sonne of Aulus Caesar Cicero Plutarch and Cassiodorus L. Piso and A. Gabinius Caesar writeth of them in his first booke of the Gaules warre and Plutarch in the life