encountred with a Nauie of .xxx. ships besyde the Iles of Orkeney These Shippes were fraught with men and women and had to theyr Captayne one called Bartholoin or Partholin Mat. VVest Gal. Mon. The which beeyng bâ—…ought to the presence of King Gurguint declared that hee with hys people were banished oute of Spayne and were named Balences or Basclenses Basques and had sayled long on the Sea to the ende to fynde some Prince that woulde assigne to them a place of habitation vnto whom they would become subiects See more here of in Ireland and hold of him as of theyr soueraigne gouernour Therefore hee besought the King to consider theyr estate and of his greate benignitie to appoynte some voyde quarter where they might inhabite The King with the aduice of hys Barons graunted to them the I le of Irelande whiche as then by report of some Authours lay wast and without habitation But it shoulde appeare by other wryters Pâ—…lidâ—â— that it was inhabyted long before those dayes by the people called Hibernenses of Hiberus theyr Captayne that brought them also out of Spaine After that Gurguintus was returned into hys Countrey hee ordeyned that the lawes made by his 〈…〉 shoulde be duely kept and obserued And thus â—â—â—ynistring iustiâ—…e to hys subiectes for the tearme of .xix. yeares he finally departed this lyfe and was buried at London or as some haue at Cairleon Caiâ—â— In hys dayes was the Towne of Cambridge wyth the Vniuersitie fyrst founded by Cantaber brother to the aforesayde Bartholoin according to some wryters as after shall appeare Guintolinus This Guintoline was a prudent Prince graue in counsell and sober in behauiour He had also a wife named Martia a woman of passing beautie and wisedome imcomparable as by hir prudent gouernment and equall administration of iustice after hir husbandes decease during hir sonnes minoritie it most manifestly appeared It is thought that in an happy time this Guintoline came to the gouernance of this kingdome being shaken and brought out of order with ciuill dissentions to the ende he might reduce it to the former estate which he earnestly accomplished for hauing once got the place hee studyed with great diligence to refourme of newe and to adorne with iustice lawes and good orders the Brytish common wealth by other Kings not so framed as stoode with the quietnesse thereof But afore all things hee vtterly remooued and appeased suche ciuyll discorde as seemed yet to remaine after the maner of a remnant of those seditions factions and partakings which had so long time raigned in this lande But as he was busie in hande herewith death tooke him out of this life after he had raigned .xxvij. yeares and then was he buried at London Sicilius By reason that Sicilius was not of age sufficient of himselfe to guide the kingdome of the Brytaynes his mother that worthie Ladie called Martia had the gouernance both of his reason and person committed to hir charge She was a woman expert and skilful in dianâ—…e sciences â—â—ene Marâ—â—gouerneth â—â—r sonnes â—…ruth but chiefely beeing admitted to the gouernance of the realme she stâ—…died to preâ—â—â—e the common wealth in good quiet and wholsome order â—â—maketh â—â—s and therefore deuised established proâ—â—table conueniente lawes the which after were called Martian laws of hir name that fyrst made them These lawes as those that were thought good and necessarie for the preseruation of the common wealth Alfred or Alured that was long after king of England translated also out of the Brytishe tongue into the English Saxon speâ—…che and then were they called after that translation Marchenelaghe â—â—t VVest that is to meane the lawes of Martia To conclude this worthie woman guided the lande during the minoritie of hir sonne right politiquely and highly to hir perpetuall renowme and commendation And when hir sonne came to lawfull age she deliuered vp the gouernaunce into his handes How long he raigned wryters varie some auouche but seuen yeares â—â—t VVest â—â—ton though other affyrme xv whiche agreeth not so well with the accorde of other Hystories and tymes He was buried at London Kimarus KImarus the sonne of Sicilius began to raign ouer the Brytaynes Kimaâ—â—s in the yeare of the world 3657. and after the buylding of Rome .442 and in the first yeare of the .117 Olympiade This Kimarus being a wild yong man and giuen to follow his lustes and pleasure â—â—â—ian was 〈◊〉 by some that were his enimies as he was abrode in hunting when hee had raigned scarcely three yeares Elanius ELanius y e son of Kimarus Elanius or as other haue Mâ—…tâ—… VVest his brother â—â—gan to 〈◊〉 the Brytaines in the yere after the creationâ—… of y e world â—…061 after the building of Rome .445 after the deliuerance of the 〈…〉 in â—…he â—…th yâ—…re of the 〈◊〉 after which account the bookes of Machabeâ—…s doe recken which beganne 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 after the 〈…〉 This 〈…〉 the Englishe Chronicle is named also 〈◊〉 by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Daâ—…ius and by an 〈…〉 with 〈◊〉 muche followed Elanius 〈…〉 shoulde seeme to be our person but other 〈…〉 and say that he raigned 〈◊〉 vill 〈◊〉 Morinde This Morindus in the Englishe Chronicle is called Morwiâ—…h and was a man of worthie fame in 〈◊〉 and Martial doings but so cruell withall that his vnmercifull nature could vneth be satisfied with the tormeÌ„ts of them that had offended him although oftentymes with his own handes he cruelly put them to torture and execution He was also beautifull and comely of personage liberall and bounteous and of a meâ—…uellous strength In his dayes a certaine king of the people called Morlani with a great army landed in Northumberlande G. Mon. and beganne to make cruell warre vpon the inhabitantes But Morind aduertised hereof assembled his Brytaines came against the enimies and in battaile put them to â—â—ight and chasing them to thâ—…y'r shippeâ—… 〈◊〉 great number of them prisoners whom to the satisfying of his cruell nature he caused to be slaine euen in his presence Some of them were headed some strangled some panched and some he caused to be slain quicke These people who Gal. Mon. nameth Moriani The like may be thought of those Murreys or Morauians of whom H.B. speaketh Fabian I take to bee eyther those that inhabited about Terrouane and Calice called Moâ—â—ni or some other people of the Gaulles or Germalues and not as some esteeme them Moranians or Merhenners whiche were not knowne to the world as Humfrey Llhuid hath verie well noted tyll about the dayes of the Emperour Mauritius which miscoÌ„structioÌ„ of names hath brought the Brytishe Hystorie further out of credite than reason requyreth if the cyrcumstaunces be duely considered But now to ende with Morindus At length this bloudie Prince heard of a Monster that was come a lande out of the Irish sea with the which when he woulde needes fight he was of the same deuoured after he
cleane rased Wherat the king taking great ioy presently called to certain of the Lordes of the counsel that were by and sayd How say you my Lords Chatillons garden the new forte is layd as flat as this floore One streight amongst them gaue iudgement That he â—…as had done it was worthy to lose his headâ—… The king streight replyed he had rather lost a dozen such he 〈◊〉 as his was thaâ—… so iudged 〈…〉 such seruants as had done it And herew t he coÌ„manded y t the L. Greys pardon shuld â—…ly be made y e which with a letter of great â—…kes and promise of rewarde was returned by the sayd sir Thomas Palmer to the sayd Lord Grey but the reward fayled the king not continuyng long after in lyfe the like happeÌ„ wherof had oftentymes happened vnto diuers of his worthie auncestors vpon their due desertes to haue bin considered of and therfore the cafe the lesse straunge This haue I set downe the more willyngly for that I haue receiued it from them which haue herd it reported not only by the L. Greys owne mouthe but also by the relation of Syr Thomas Palmer and others that were present The same not tendyng so muche to the Lord Greys owne prayse as to the betokening of the kings noble courage and the great secret trust which he worthyly reposed in the sayde Lord Grey Here is to be noted also least any man shuld mistake the matter as if the K. dealt indirectly herein that his Maiestie knowyng howe the Frenchmen in goyng about to buyld this fort did more than they might by the couenaÌ„ts of y e peace therfore was resolued at the first aduertisement thereof to haue it rased But yet for y t it might haply haue bin signified ouer vnto the freÌ„chmen before my L. Grey could haue accoÌ„plished the feate he therfore wisely wrote one thing in his letters whervnto many might be priuie sent secrete knowledge by words contrarie to the contents of the same letters so as if the messenger were trustye hys pleasure mighte not bee discouered to the hinderance or disappointing of the same but nowe to oure purpose The French king after this bycause as yet he woulde not seeme to breake the peace commaunded the trenches and newe fortifications made aboute thys fortresse called Chatillons Garden thus cast down to be filled by his own people and so it rested during the lyfe of king Henry but afterwardes it was begon againe and finished as after ye shall heare The Duke was atteynted by Parliament and the Atteynder after reuersed in the fyrste yeare of Queene Mary The euill hap as well of the father as of the sonne was greately lamented of many not onely for the good seruice which the Duke had done in his dayes in defence of this realme but also for that the Erle was a Gentleman well learned and knowne to haue an excellent witte if he had bin thankfull to God for the same and other suche good giftes as he had endued him with The king maketh his Testament The King now lying at the point of death made his last wil and testament wherin he not onely yelded himselfe to Almightie God but also tooke order that during the minoritie of his sonne Prince Edward his executors shuld be counsellors and ayders to him in all things as well concerning priuate as publike affairs They wer .xvj. in number whose names were as here foloweth His executors Thomas Cranmer Archebishop of Canterbury Thomas Wrioshlley Lord Chancellor Sir William Paulet knight of the order lord Saint Iohn great maister of y e houshold Sir Edward Seimer knight of the order erle of Herâ—…ford high ChaÌ„berlain of England Sir Iohn Russell knighte of the order Lorde Priuie seale Sir Iohn Dudley knighte of the order â—â—rout Lisle and baron of Manpas high Admirall of Englande Cutbert Tunstall bishop of Durham Sir Anthony Brown knight of the order and maister of the horsse Sir Edmund Montacute knight chiefe Iustice of the common place Sir Thomas Bromeley knighte one of the Iustices of the kings benche Sir Edward North knighte Chauncellour of the Augmentation Sir William Paget knight of the order Sir Anthonie Denny knight Sir William Herbert knight Sir Edwarde Wotton knighte Treasourer of Caleys The deceasse of king Henry the eyght Nicholas Wotton deane of Canterburye and Yorke So soone as the sayde noble King had finished his laste wyll and testamente as afore is sayde he shortly thervpon yelded vp his spirite to Almightie God departing this world the xxviij daye of Ianuarie in the thirtie and eyghte yeare of his reigne and in the yeare of our lord 1546. after the accompt of the churche of England but after the accompt whiche we follow here in this booke .1547 begynning our yeare the first of Ianuarie He reigned .xxxvij. yeares .ix. monethes and odde days His body according to his wil in that behalf was conueyd to Wyndsoxe with all funerall pompe and in the Colledge there enterred This noble Prince was ryght fortunate in all his dooings so that coÌ„monly what soeuer he attempted had good successe as well in matters of peace as of warres Of personage hee was tall and mightie in his latter dayes somewhat grosse or as we terme it bourly in wit memorie verie perfect of suche maiestie tempered with humanitie ' as best became so noble high an estate a great fauorer of learning as he that was not ignorant of good letters himselfe and for his greate magnificence and liberalitie his renoune was spread through the whole world Of learned men that lyued in the dayes of this moste famous prince we fynde many as first Iohn Colet deane of Paules and founder of the Schoole there he was borne in London of honest parentes William Lillie borne in the towne of Odiham in Hampshire was the first Schoolemaister of Paules Schoole after it was erected Tho. Linacer or rather Linaker borne in Derbyshire a learned Physitian and well seen in the toungs Iohn Skelton a pleasant Poet Richard Pace that succeded Iohn Colet in the roome of Deane of Poules Iohn Fisher Bishoppe of Rochester of whome yee haue herd before Tho. More born in London of whom likewise meÌ„tion is made in the life of this kyng Will. Horman born in Salisburie viceprouost of Eaton Colledge a lerned man as by his woorkes it appeareth Iohn Frith borne in London William Tyndall of whiche two persons ye haue hearde lykewyse in the historie of this King Roberte Wakefield excellently seene in the toungs Iohn Rastell a citizen and Stacioner of London Christofer Saint German an excellente Lawyer Roberte Barnes of whome also wee haue made mention beefore Syr Thomas Eliot knight Edward Lee Archebishop of Yorke Iohn Lerlande a diligente searcher of Antiquities Anne Askewe wrote certayne treatises concernyng hir examinations Sir Iohn Bourchier knyght Lorde Berners translated the Chronicles of sir Iohn Froissarte out of Frenche into Englishe William Chubb es Henry Standyshe a Frier Minor
much thereof Some of our Mastiffes will rage onely in the nyght some are to be tied vp both day and night Such 〈◊〉 so as are suffered to go lose about the 〈◊〉 and yarde are so gentle in the day time thâ—… children may ride vpon theyr backes plâ—… with theÌ„ at theyr pleasures Some of them also will suffer a straunger to come in and walke about the house or yarde where him listeth without giuing ouer to folow him Buâ—… if he put forth his hand to touche any thyng â–ª then wil they flie vpon him kill hym if they may I had one my selfe once whych woulde not suffer any man to bring in hys weaping farder then my gate neither those that were of my house to be touched in his presence Or if I had beaten any of my children he would gently haue assayed to catch the rodde in hys téethe and take it out of my hande or else plucke downe theyr clothes to saue them tâ—… y t stripes which in my opinion is worthy to be noted thus much of our Mastiffes The last sort of Dogges consisteth of the currish kinde méete for many toyes of whyche the wap or prickeard curre is one Some meÌ„ cal them warners because they are good for nothing else but to giue warning when any body doth sturre or lie in waite about the house in the nyght season It is vnpossible to describe these curres in any order because they haue no one kinde proper vnto themselues but are a confused companye mixte of all the rest The seconde sorte of them are called turne spiltes whose office is not 〈◊〉 to any And as these are onely reserued for this purpose so in manye places our Mastiffes are made to drawe water in greate whéeles out of déepe welles going much liâ—…e vnto those which are framed for ouer tâ—â—ne spittes as is to be séene at Royston where this feate is often practised The last kind of toyish curres are named dauncers and those being of a mâ—…ngerel sorâ—… also are taught exercised to daunce in measure at y e musicall sound of an instrument 〈◊〉 at the iust stroke of a drownie swéete accoâ—â— of the Citharne and pleasaunt harmony of the Harpe shewing many tryckes by the gesture of theyr bodyes As to stand bolt vpryght to lye flat vpon the grounde to tourne round as a ryng holding their tayles in their téeth to saw and begge for meate sundrye such properties which they learne of theyr ydle rogishe maisters whose instrumentals they are to gather gaine as olde Apes â—…lâ—…thed in motley and colloured short wastes Iacketes are for the lyke vagaboundes who séeke no better lyuing then that which they may get by fonde pastime and ydlenesse I myght here intreat of other Dogges as of those which are bredde betwéene a bytche a Woolfe and betwéene a â—…yche a foxe or a beare and a mastife But as we vtterly want the first sort except they be brought vnto vs so it happeneth sometime that the other twâ—… are ingendred and séene amongst vs. But of all the rest heretofore remembred in this Chapter there is none more vglye in sight cruell and fearce in déede nor vntractable in hande then y t which is begotten betwéen the Beare the banddoge For whatsouer he catcheth hould of he taketh it so fast that a man may sooner teare rend his body in sunder then get open his mouth to separate his chappes Certes he regardeth neyther Woolfe Beare nor Lyon and therfore may wel be compared with those twoo dogs which were sent to Alexander out of India and procreate as it is thought betwéene a Mastiffe and male Tyger as bée those also of Hyrcania or to them that are bred in Archada where copulation is oft séene betwéen Lions and Byches as the like is in fraunce betwéene the Woolfes and Dogges whereof let this suffise ¶ Of English Saffron Cap. 14. AS the Saffron of England is the most excellent of all other for it giueth place neyther to that of Cilicia whereof Solinus speketh neither to any that commeth from Etolia Sicilia Cirena or Licia in swéetenesse 〈…〉 so of that which is to be his 〈…〉 that greiueth about 〈…〉 in the edge of Essex such 〈◊〉 all the reâ—â— and the 〈◊〉 beareth wâ—…thilye the higher price by 〈◊〉 pence or twelue pence 〈…〉 the pounde The 〈◊〉 of the herbe that beareth this commonlie is â—…bâ—…ndeÌ„ much like vine and 〈…〉 dyfferent Onion and yet it is not 〈◊〉 as the lylly nor flakes as the Seaâ—â—on but hath a sad substaunce in 〈◊〉 bulbâ—…sa as Orchis and Staâ—…tion The collâ—…t also of the râ—…nâ—… is not much 〈◊〉 from the innermost shell of a chestnutte although it be not altogither so blacke as the sayd shell neither altogither so bâ—â—le as is the pill of the Onion The leafe or rather the blade thereof is long and narrowe as â—…rasse in the 〈◊〉 times out Cattel delight 〈◊〉 much to féede vpon the same which come vppe alwaies in October after the flowres 〈◊〉 gathered and gone The whole hearbe is named in gréedâ—… Crocos but of some as Dioscorides saith Caâ—…ster Cynomorphos or Hercules bloud Yet 〈◊〉 the sâ—…rabâ—â—â— speach from whence we take the name that we giue thereunto I find 〈◊〉 it is called Zahafaran as Rembâ—…râ—… both bere witnesse The cause wherefore it was called Crocus was this as the Pâ—…rtes â—…eigne especially from whome Galen hath borowed the hystorye which he noteth in hys ninth booke demedicaâ—…tis secundum locâ—… where hée writeth after thys maner A certaine yong Gentleman called Crocus went to playe at câ—…ytes in the fielde with Mercury and beyng hedelesse of himselfe Mercuries coite happened by his mishappe to hit him on the heade whereby hée receyued a wounde that ere long killed him altogither to the great discoÌ„fort of his friends Finally in the place wher he bled Saffron was after found to grow whereupon the people séeyng the color of the chiue as it stoode although I doubt not but it grewe there long before adiudged it to come to the bloude of Crocus and therefore they gaue it his name In déede the chiue while it remaineth whole vnbrused resembleth a darke redde but being broken and conuerted into vse it yeldeth a yelow tincture But what haue we to do wyth fables The heads of Saffron are raised in Iuly either wyth plough or spade and being scowred from theyr Rose and seuered from such heades as are ingendred of them since the last setting they are enterred againe out of hand by rankes or rowes and being couered wyth moulds they rest in the earth where they cast forth litle filets smal rotes like vnto a scalion vntill September in the beginning of whych moneth y e ground is pared Paring and all weedes and grasse that groweth vpon the same remoued to the intents that nothing may annoy the flower when his time doth come to rise Gathering These things being thus ordered in the later ende
the dayes of Beda not one of the Scottish kings durst presume to enter into Brytaine againe to giue battaile against the English Nation as Beda himselfe wryteth But the Scottish writers make other report of this matter VVil. Malmâ—… See in Scotlandâ—… as in the Hystorie of Scotland ye may finde recorded The Brytaynes that dwelt aboute Chester through their stoutnesse prouoked the aforesayde Ethelferd king of the Northumbers vnto warre wherevpon the same Ethelferd to tame theyr loftie stomackes assembled an armie and came forwarde to besiege the Citie of Chester Chester as yeâ—… in possession of the Brytayns then called of the Brytaynes Carleon ardour deué The Citizens coueting rather to suffer all things than a siege and hauing a trust in their great multitude of people Iohn Leyland VVil. Malm. came forth to giue battaile abrode in the fieldes whom he compassing about with ambushes got them within his daunger and easily discomfited them Beda It chaunced that he had espied before the battaile ioyned as Bede hath where a great number of the Brytish Priests were got aside into a place somewhat out of daunger that they might there make their intercession to God for the good speede of theyr people being then readie to giue battaile to the Northumbers The number of Monkes in the Monastery of Bangor Many of them were of that famous Monasterie of Bangor in the which it is said that there was such a number of Monkes that where they were deuided into seuen seuerall partes with their seuerall gouernours appoynted to haue rule ouer them euery of those partes conteyned at the least three hundred persons the which liued altogither by the labour of theyr handes Many therefore of those Monkes hauing kept a solemne feast for three dayes togither were come to the armie with other to make prayer hauing for their defender one Brocmale or Broâ—…maâ—…l Earle or Consull as some call him of Chester Brocmalâ—… which shoulde preserue them being giuen to prayer from the edge of the enimies sworde King Edelferd hauing as is sayde espyed these men asked what they were and what their intent was and beeing informed of the whole circumstance and cause of their beeing there hee sayde Then if they call to theyr God for his assistaÌ„ce against vs surely though they beare no armour yet do they fight against vs being busied in prayer for our destruction Wherevpon hee commaunded the first onset to be giuen on them The Brytaines discomfited and slaine and after slue downe the residue of the Brytish armie not without great losse of his owne people Of those Monkes and Priestes which came to pray as before is mencioned there died at that battaile about the number of .xij. hundred so that fiftie of them onely escaped by flight Brocmale or Broemael at the first approche of the enimies turning his backe with his companie left them whom he should haue defended to be murthered through the enmies sworde And thus was the prophecie of Augustine fulfilled though he was long before departed this life as Beda hath Henric. HuÌ„t But if this battaile was fought in the seuenth yeare of Ciovulf king of Westsaxons as some haue written and that Augustin liued .xij. yeares after his entrance into the gouernment of the sea of Canterburie as some write it is euident that he liued foure yeares after this slaughter made of the Brytishe Priestes and Monkes by Ethelferd as before is recited For Ciovulf beganne his raigne as before is mentioned about the yeare of our Lorde .596 and in the seuenth yeare of hys raigne the battail was fought at Degsastaâ—…e betwixt Englishmen and Scottes which chaunced in the yeare of our Lorde .604 as Bede himselfe recordeth Hitherto out of our olde writers Of which battaile also William Harison telleth another maner of tale whose wordes though he liue in our time and his Chronologie bee not yet extant are not to be omitted which be these Athelbright or Edilfride king of the NorthuÌ„bers and Ethelbert of Kent hauing Augustine in their coÌ„panie in the .8 yeare after his arriuall doe make warre vpon suche Brytaynes as refuse to obserue the Canons of the late Councell mentioned .603 and kill 1200. Monkes of the Monasterie of Bangor which laboured earnestly and in the sweate of their browes thereby to get theyr liuings c. Thus farre maister Harison Verily Galf. Mon wryteth that Ethelbert king of Kent after he sawe the Brytaynes to disdaine and denie their subiection vnto Augustine by whom he was conuerted to the christian faith stirred vp Ethelfred king of the Northumbers to warre against the Brytains But hereof maister Foxe doubteth and therfore sayth Acts and Monuments Pag. 160. that of vncertaine things hee hath nothing certainly to say much lesse to iudge But now to the matter where we left After that King Edelferd had made slaughter of the Brytaines as before is rehearsed hee entred the Citie of Chester and from thence marched towardes Bangor Gal. Mon. On the part of the Brytaynes the foresayde Bledrike which was chiefe captaine of the fielde in that battaile chaunced to be slaine Thus hath Gal. Mon. but the auncient writers of the English kings as Bede Wil. â—…alm and Henrie Hunt make no mention of this last battaile and victorie obteyned by the Brytaynes in maner as aboue is expressed in Galfrids booke But contrarily we finde that Ethelferd hauing such good successe in his businesse abroade as hee coulde wishe Edwin the sonne of king Alla 〈◊〉 vpon purpose to auoyde daunger at home banished Edwin the sonne of Alla or Elle a yong Gentleman of great towardnesse lately come to the kingdom of the Northumbers by the death of his father But this Edwine in time of his exile beeing long tossed from place to place and finding no stedfast friendship now in time of his aduersitie at length came to Redwalde that was king at that time of the East Angles the thirde from Vffa as successor to Titullus which Titullus did succeede next after the sayde Vffa 592 the first king of East Angles as before is mentioned Edelferd This Redwalde did verie honourably intertaine Edwine insomuch that Edelferd being informed thereof he was highly displeased and sent Ambassadors vnto Redwalde to requyre him either to deliuer Edwine into his handes or else if he refused so to do to declare and denounce vnto him open warres Redwalde encouraged by his wife that counselled him in no wise to betray his friende to whoÌ„ he had giuen his fayth for the menaces of his enimie assembled forthwith an armie 617 and vpon the sodaine comming vpon Ethelferd set vppon him ere he coulde haue time to assemble his people togither But yet the sayd Ethelfred H. Hunt though he was entrapped and brought in daunger at vnwares he dyed not vnreuenged for putting himselfe in defence with such power as he coulde then get togyther he boldely encountred the enimies and gyuing battaile slue Remerius the
the feast of Saincte Andrewe nexte ensuyng the late mencioned agreement Fabian And this shoulde seeme true for wheras these Authours whiche reporte Ran. Higd. that Earle Edryke was the procurer of his death they also write that when he knewe the acte to be done hee hasted vnto Cnute H. Hunt and declared vnto hym what he had brought to passe for his aduauncement to the gouernement of the whole realme Whervppon Cnute abhorryng suche a detestable facte sayde vnto hym Bycause thou haste for my sake made awaye the worthyest bodye of the world I shall rayse thy head aboue all the Lordes of Englande and so caused him to be put to death Thus haue some bookes Howbeit this reporte agreeth not with other writers whiche declare howe Cnute aduaunced Edryke in the beginning of his reigne vnto high honour and made hym gouernour of Mercia Some thinke that he vvas Dâ—…e of Mercia before and novv had Essex adioyned therto and vsed his counsell in manye things after the death of king Edmund as in banishing Edwin the brother of kyng Edmunde with his sonnes also Edmunde and Edward His body was buryed at Glastenbury neere his vncle king Edgar With thys Edmunde surnamed Ironsyde fell the glorious Maiestie of the English kingdome The whiche afterwarde as it had beene an aged bodye beyng sore decayed and weakened by the Danes that nowe got possession of the whole yet somewhat recouered after the space of .xxvj. yeres vnder kyng Edward surnamed the Confessor and shortely thervpon as it had bin falne into a resiluation came to extreme ruine by the inuasion and conquest of the Normans as after by gods good helpe and fauorable assistance it shall appeare Canute or Cnute Canute shortely after the death of king Edmunde assembled a Councell at London in the whiche he caused all the nobles of the realme to do vnto him homage in receiuing an othe of loyall obeysance Hee deuided the realme into foure parts assigning Northumberlande vnto the rule of Irke or Iricius Mercia vnto Edrike Eastangle vnto Turkyl reseruing the west part to his own gouernance He banished as before is sayd Edwyn the brother of king Edmunde but such as was suspected to bee culpable of Edmundes death he caused to be put to execution wherof it should appeare that Edrick was not then in any wyse detected or once thought to bee giltie VV. Malm. The foresayd Edwyn afterwards returned and was then reconciled to the Kings fauour as some do write and was shortly after trayterously slaine by his owne seruants Ran. Higd. He was called the king of Churles King of Churles VVil. Mal. Other write that he came secretely into the realme after he had bin banished and keeping himselfe closely out of sighte at length ended his lyfe and was buried at Tauestocke Moreouer Edwyn and Edwarde the sonnes of king Edmund were banished the lande and sent first vnto Sweno king of Norway to haue bin made awaye Ran. Higd. but Sweno vppon remorse of conscience sent them into Hungarie where they founde great fauour at the handes of king Salomon in so muche that Edmunde married the daughter of the same Salomon but had no issue by hir Edward was aduaunced to marry with Agatha the daughter of the Emperour Henrye and by hir had issue two sonnes Edmunde and Edgar surnamed Adelyng as many daughters Margarete and Christine of the whiche in place conuenient more shall be sayd When Kyng Cnute hadde established thynges as hee thoughte stoode moste to his suretie he called to remembrance that he had no issue but two bastarde sonnes Harrolde and Sweno Polidore K. Cnute marieth Queene Emme the vvidovv of Egelred in Iuly anno 1017. begotten of his concubine Alwyne Wherfore he sent ouer vnto Richarde Duke of Normandie requiring that he mighte haue Queene Emme the widow of king Egelred in mariage so obteyned hir not a little to the wonder of manye which thought a great ouersight both in the woman and in hir brother that woulde satisfye the requeste of Cnute herein considering hee hadde bin such a mortall enimie to hir former husbauÌ„d But Duke Richarde did not only consent Polidore that hys sayd sister should be maryed vnto Cnute but also he hymselfe tooke to wyfe the Lady Hestâ—â—tha syster to the sayd Cnute Heere ye haue to vnderstande that this mariage was not made without greate consideration and large couenants granted on the part of king Cnute for before he could obtain queene Emme to his wife it was fully condiscended and agreed that after Cnutes deceasse the crowne of Englande should remaine vnto the issue borne of this mariage betwixte hir and Cnute The couenant made at the mariage betvvixt Cnute and Emme whiche couenant although it was not perfourmed immediatly after the deceasse of kyng Cnute yet in the ende it tooke place so as the right seemed to bee deferred and not to be taken awaye nor abolished for immediatly vpon Haroldes death that had vsurped Hardicnute succeeded as right heire to the crown by force of the agreement made at the tyme of the mariage solemnised betwixt his father and mother and being once established in the Kingdome hee ordeyned his brother Edwarde to succede hym whereby the Danes were vtterly excluded from all ryghte that they hadde to pretende vnto the Crowne of this land and the Englishe bloud restored thereto The Englishe bloud restored The praise of Quene Emme for hir vvisedome chiefly by that gracious conclusion of this mariage betwixt king Cnute and Queene Emme for the which no small prayse was thoughte to bee due vnto the sayd Queene sith by hir politike gouernement in making hir matche so beneficiall to hir selfe and hir lyne the Crowne was thus recouered out of the handes of the Danes and restored againe in time to the right heire as by an auncient treatise whiche some haue intitled Encomium Emmae Encomium Emmae and was written in those dayes it doth and may appere Whiche booke although there bee but fewe Copies thereof abroade gyueth vndoubtedly greate light to the historie of that tyme. But nowe to our purpose Cnute the same yeare in whiche he was thus maryed Mat. VVest thorought perswasion of his wyfe Queene Emme sent away the Danishe nauie armie home into Denmark giuing to them fourscore and two thousande poundes of siluer whiche was leuied thoroughout this lande for their wages In the yeare a thousande and eighteene VVil. Mal. Edrycke de Streona Erle of Mercia was ouerthrowen in his owne turne for being called afore the King into his priuie chamber and there in reasoning the matter about some quarell that was piked to him hee beganne very presumptuously to vpbrayde the king of suche pleasures as he had before tyme done vnto him I did sayde he for the loue which I bare towardes you forsake my soueraigne Lorde king Edmunde and at length for your sake slewe him At whiche wordes Cnute beganne to change
that the monumēts of Claudius with the superscription of his name should be taken away and in place therof the armes of king Arthur with his name to be set vp commanding the place to be called Arthurs hoif as ye woulde say Arthurs Courte Arthurs hoife Moreouer king Edward at his returning into Englād The Marble chaire is conueyd into Englande placed in Westminster toke the chaire of Marble with him and causing it to be conueyd vp to London dyd place it at Westminster where it remaineth yet vnto this daye Furthermore before his departure out of Scotlād he apointed al the Scottish lordes to assemble at Scone where he caused them to take a newe othe The nobilitie of Scotlande sworn to king Edward that from thencefoorth they shoulde take him for their soueraigne lord to obey him in al things as loyal subiects All the nobilitie of Scotlande was sworne to hym that daye Wallace onely excepted who eschewed more than the companye of a serpent Wallace esch◅eth to agree with the Englishmen to haue any thing to doe with the Englishmen touching any agreement to be made with them agreeable to their desires Moreouer to kepe the Scottes from rebellion king Edwarde ordeyned Odomare de Valence to be gouernor there as his general lieutenaunt ouer the whole realme of Scotlande in his absēce Odomare or Aymer de Valence go◅ernour◅ of Scotlande vnder king Edwarde And hauing thus set al things in good and quiet order as he supposed he returned into Englande with great ioy and triumph In the meane time Iohn Cumyn surnamed the redde and Roberte Bruce hauing conference together Cōference betwixt the Cumyn Bruce complayned the one to the other of the myserable seruitude wherein the Realme of Scotlande as then stoode by the oppression of king Edward And at length vpon offers made betwixte them it was agreed that if by anye meanes they myght delyuer the Realme out of the Englishmens hands the one of them should be king that is to witte the Bruce and the other that is to say the Cumyn shoulde enioy all the Bruces landes and possessions with many other prefermentes of honoures and dignities as nexte vnto him in all authoritie touchyng the gouernement of the realme Indentures of agreement betwixt Cumyn Bruce to◅ching the cōspiracie There were Indentures made betwene them subscribed wyth theyr names and sealed with theyr scales interchaungeably for the full ratifying of couenauntes agreed in thys confederacie betwixte them And shortely after vppon deliuerie of those wrytings Bruce wente into Englande for he myght not remayne long in Scotlande for doubte of suspition whiche kyng Edwarde had in hym bicause of the title whiche he had to the Crowne of Scotlande as before is specifyed inso muche as was thought kyng Edwarde woulde haue put bothe hym and his brethern◅ vnto death long before if he myght haue once got them all into his handes Iohn Cumyn after that hee and Bruce were thus agreed vppon Articles Iohn Cumyn doth doubt and departed the one from the other beganne to doubt least this conspiracie deuised betwixte them woulde not sorte to anye luckye conclusion for his purpose eyther for that hee feared the greate puissaunce of kyng Edwarde eyther else for that his aucthoritie and power as hee mystrusted woulde not bee greate if the Bruce once attayned the Crowne And herevppon hee sente one of his seruauntes vnto kyng Edwarde Cumyn discloseth the conspiracie with his counterpane of the Indenture conteynyng the couenauntes of the conspiracie signed and sealed wyth Bruces owne hande and seale The messenger delyuered this writing in secrete wyse vnto king Edwarde declaryng vnto him the whole matter as it was passed and concluded betwixt the Bruce and his maister accordyng to instructions gyuen hym in y e behalf But king Edwarde at the first gaue lyghte credite eyther to the writings or wordes of the Cumyn supposyng that the same proceded only through enuie whiche he bare towardes the Bruce euer dreading least he shoulde beare no rule in Scotland if the Bruce once atteined any authoritie within the same The Bruce stoutely denyed that he was priuie to any suche deuyse or writyng He denieth his writing and therefore desyred of kyng Edwarde to haue the same for one nyghte to peruse and scanne ouer at leysure and then if he were not able to proue that it was forged and maliciously deuised vpon an enuious purpose to put him in daunger of lyfe he would forfait all his landes and lyuings that he helde eyther within the realme of Englande or else where King Edwarde bicause he coniectured at the fyrste howe thys accusation of Cumyn was nothing lyke to bee true graunted his request wherein many iudged he dydde vnwysely but suche was the ordinaunce of almightie GOD that Bruce should escape that danger to accomplishe that wherevnto he was appointed The Erle of Glocester immediatly after that Robert Bruce was departed frō the kings presence sent vnto him .xij. sterling pennies wyth two sharpe spurres whereby he coniectured his meaning to be that the best shift for him was to auoyde out of the waye in moste speedy wyse whervpon he causyng a smyth to shoe .iij. horses for him contrarily with y e calkyns forward that it should not bee perceyued whiche way hr had taken by the tracte of the horses for that the ground at that time being in the winter season was couered with snowe hee departed oute of London aboute midnighte Robert Bruce doth flee accompanyed onely with two trustie seruantes It chaunced also that ther fell the same night more snow aloft vpon the other snow that was fallen before by reason whereof it coulde not bee iudged in the morning which way he was gon though king Edward vpon knowlege had that he was fled sent out a great maynie of horsmen after to haue brought him againe if they might any where haue founde him But the Bruce hasted foorth with such speede in his iourney He commeth to Lochmaben that the .vij. day after his departure from London hee came to Lochmaben in Annandale and there found Dauid or as some bookes haue Edward his brother with Roberte Flemeyn a worthie young Gentleman vnto whom they musing what he ment by his sodain comming he declared into what perill of lyfe he had fallen by meanes of the Cumyn and howe narowly he had escaped oute of king Edwardes handes His brother hearing the matter consented to goe wyth him and to be partaker of all happes that mighte fortune to fall out in his flighte and by the way they chaunced to light vpon one of Cumyns seruantes A seruaunt of Cumyns taken with letters on him that was going with letters vnto king Edwarde from hys mayster the said Cumyn signifying by y e same that if Bruce were not the sooner put to death there would ensue shortely suche trouble and ruffling in Scotlande agaynste kyng Edwarde that it woulde bee muche
where they came The spoyle wast destruction and slaughter which the Scottes practised with fire and sword was wonderful to heare and incredible almost to bee tolde they spared neyther yong nor olde Church nor Chappell Religious houses as wel as other were consumed to Ashes The Abbey of Durham spoyled The Abbay of Durham and all places thereabout as the Scottishe wryters affyrme were spoyled and miserably sacked although it was sayde King Dauid was admonished in a dreame that hee shoulde in anye wyse abstayne from violating the goodes and landes pertayning to Sainct Cutbert The Erle of Northumberland Lieutenant of the North vnder king Edward to resist these iniuries The Earle of Northumberland Lieutenant of the north raysed a great power of men and ioyning the same with such bands of old souldiers as king Edwarde had lately sent ouer out of Fraunce for that purpose A Heralde fyrst dispatched an Heralde at armes vnto king Dauid requyring him to stay from further inuading the Countrey and to returne into Scotlande till some reasonable order for a finall peace might be agreed vpon betwixt him and the king his master otherwyse he should be sure to haue battaile to the vtteraunce within three dayes after King Dauid contemning thys message requyred his folkes to make them readie to receyue theyr enimyes if they came to assayle them and on the next morrowe he deuided hys armie into three battayles The appoynting of the Scottish battayles in the fyrst was Robert Steward Prince of Scotlande and Patrike Dunbar Earle of Marche In the seconde were appoynted Iohn Earle of Murrey and William Earle of Dowglas In the thyrde was the King himselfe with all the residue of the Nobles In the morning early before the battayle The Earle of Dowglas chased the Earle of Dowglas departed frō the armie to deserie the English host and to vnderstande their force and order if it were possible but entring somewhat vnwarely within daunger of his enimies he was chased and that to such disaduantage that he lost fiftie or rather fiue hundred as some bookes haue of yong Gentlemen and such other light horsemen as he tooke forth with him escaping verie narowly himselfe also from beyng taken at the chase In the meane season the English host deuided likewyse into three battayles approached forwarde and came wythin syght of the Scottish armie Wherevppon Dauid Graham wyth a wing of fiue hundred well appoynted horsemen gaue a full charge on the skyrtes of the English Archers thinking to haue dystressed them Dauid Graham driuen backe but he was so sharpely receyued and beaten with arrowes that losing a great number of hys men he was constrayned to flee backe to the maine battaile and that not without great daunger of beeing taken in his flight by suche as followed him These two discomfitures notwithstanding the Scots rushed fiercely vpon their enimies and fought with great manhoode a long season but in the ende Robert Stewarde and the Earle of March perceyuing their people partly to shrinke backe caused the retreate to be sounded in hope to saue their men by withdrawing into some sicker place The cause of the ouerthrow but this fleeing barke of the Earle of Marche and Robert Stewarde brought the discomfiture vpon all the residue of the Scots for that battaile of English men that was first marched with thē came now with such violence vppon the maine battail where king Dauid sought that within a short while after the same was vtterly discomfited and put to flight The Scottes discomfited In this businesse king Dauid himselfe did in euery poynt play the part of a most valiant chieftaine encouraging hys people as well wyth woordes as notable examples to doe theyr deuoires King Dauid his valiancie Neyther woulde he flee after he sawe himselfe destitute of all conuenable ayde but stil continued in earnest fight desiring nothing so much as shoulde appeare as death for that he thought nothing more displeasaunt than lyfe after the slaughter of so manye of his Nobles and liege people At length hauing his weapons stricken oute of his handes one Iohn Coplande came vnto him and wylled him to yeelde but he with one of his fistes gaue this Coplande suche a blowe on the mouth King Dauid taken by Iohn Coplande that by force of the Gauntlet he strake out two of his teeth before hee did yeelde vnto him Which Coplande is mysnamed by Iohn Maior and not onely called Couptaunt but also reported by him to be a Gascoigne whereas it is euident by our Hystories that hee was named Coplande and a mere English men But to our purpose The Scottes that fought in the rerewarde had no better successe than the other for that battaile was also broken and put to flight with great slaughter as well of the nobles as other commons besides those that were taken There were slain in this dolorous conflict Nobles slane in this battail the Earle of Murrey the Earle of Stratherne the Conestable the Marshal the Chamberlaine and Chauncelor of Scotlande with a great number of other nobles and commons There were taken with the king fiue Earles Prisoners taken that is to witte Dowglas Fife Sutherlande Wigtoun and Menteith And besydes other great ryches lost in thys fielde the holye Crosse as they call it of holye Roode house was founde vpon king Dauid who bare it about him in trust that by vertue thereof he should be inuincible but he was spoyled both of that and al other his iewels which were found vpon him at the same time This battayle was stryken neare vnto Durham the .xvij. day of October in the yeare 1346. What Countreys and places the Englishe men got after thys victorie ye may read in the English Hystorie In the yeare following the Ballyoll wyth the Earle of Northumberlande made a rode into Louthian and Clyddesdale bringing a greate bootie of goodes and cattaile but of those Countreyes into Galloway The Ballyoll soiourneth i◅ Galloway in which Countrey the Ballyoll abode a long time after At length the Scots recouering thēselues with much paine after the slaughter of so many of their nobles and commons beside the discomfort for the taking of their king Rober Steward gouernor of Scotande chose and appointed Robert Stewarde as gouernor to haue the rule of the realme About the same time William Dowglas the son of Archimbalde Dowglas that was brother vnto good sir Iames Dowglas who as before is sayde was slaine in Spaine returned forth of France and by support of his friends chased the Englishe men out of Douglasdale Countreys recouered out of the Englishe mens hands Tiuydale Twydale Etrike Forest and Twedale Iohn Copland captain of Rokesbourgh to resist such enterprises gathered a number of men came forth against his enimies Iohn Copland chased but receyuing the ouerthrow he was chased into Rokesbourgh againe with losse of diuerse of his men In the yeare next following which was from the
peeces of artillerie to bee drawen vppe and mounted on the toppe of a Churche whiche was higher than the Castell so that those peeces shot plump into the Castell that none durst shewe themselues on the walles or abrode in the yarde within the Castell Hee caused also certayne Canons to bee drawen with ingins neere to the verye walles of the Castell whyche battered the same in suche sorte as the ditches were neere hand filled with the rubbishe and stones of the walles that fell downe Moreouer the Galleys at an high water approched on the Riuer side so neere to the Castell that with shot of Cannons and other artillerie they sore annoyed them within and slew diuers The defendants perceiuing themselues thus besieged on all sides and not able long to holde out put forth a token vpon a speares poynt to signifie that they desired parlee whiche was graunted and certaine of them comming forth were admitted to talke with the Gouernoure the Queene and the Prior of Capoa They offered to render the Castell so they mighte depart and haue their liues saued with bagge and baggage The Castell of 〈◊〉 Anâ—… yelded but this would not bee graunted the Gouernour vtterly refusing it at leÌ„gth he was coÌ„tented to pardon theÌ„ of their liues if the french King should thinke it good else to stande to hys pleasure The spoyle of the Castell was giuen to the Frenchmen who vpon the surrender entring the same lefte nothing behinde them that might serue them to any vse in taking it away All the principall men within it were led to the Galleys and conueyd away into France prisoners at the Frenche kings discretion Diuers of them were committed to sundry prisons on the coast of Britaine and others were appoynted to rowe in y e Galleis till y e yeare .1550 in which the prisoners were set at libertie and the others that were in the Galleis were redeemed by their friends for certayne summes of money Thus was the Castell of Sainte Andrewes rendred the nine and twentith of Iuly foureteene dayes after the arriuall there of the Prior of Capoa â—…e Friar of 〈◊〉 whereby his greate valiancie well knowen afore that time was so renued as hys prayse for his speedie dispatch and good successe therein was much aduanced Shortly after the Duke of Somerset heeretofore in this Booke named Earle of Hertfort Vncle by the mother vnto the yong Kyng of England and admitted gouernour of his person The Duke of Somerset proâ—… of Englande and protector of all his Realmes dominions and subiects minding the aduancement of the yong King his nephew thought good wyth all speede to procure the consummation of the marriage betwixte him and the yong Queene of Scottes but perceyuing that the same could not be brought to passe withoute force hee seemed loth to let passe the oportunitie of time theÌ„ offered as hee tooke it to serue his purpose and therevpon by aduise of counsell leâ—…ied an army with all expedition came to Berwike aboute the later ende of August and in the beginning of September entred Scotlande with the same armye â—…eemeth 〈◊〉 with â—…ye conteyning a seauenteene or eyghteene thousande men whiche was deuided into three principall wardes a vantgard led by the valiant Earle of Warwike the battayle by the D. of Somerset himselfe and the rerewarde by the Lord Dacres of the North. â—… order of Englishe 〈◊〉 There were certaine wings and troupes of men of armes dimilances and light Horsemen and also of Harquebusiers that attended vpon these .iij. wards garded with diuers peeces of great artillery the lord Grey of WiltoÌ„ high marshall of the army had the generall conductioÌ„ of the men of armes and demilances Sir Frauncis Brian lieutenaunt of the light horsemen with .viij. C. of them was appoynted to the vantgarde Syr Peter Mewtas captaine of .v. C. Hagbutters and sir Frauncis Fleming maister of the ordinaunce with a. M. light horsmen were appointed to the battaile and sir Richarde Manners with .vi. C. light horsemen attended vpon the rerewarde In this order marchyng throughe the Mers and Louthian they came at lengthe vnto a place called Buckling Brayes neere to the Fourth side The Englishe fleete in which riuer y e English fleete was arriued and laye before the Towne of Leith but now by order giuen came backe from thence and lay neerer to the army The gouernour of Scotland aduertised of the comming of this army of Englande thus to inuade Scotland The Gouernour raiseth an armye with al diligeÌ„ce sent abrode solemne summonance for the leuying of a newe army forth of all partes of the Realme the which being assembled togither hee encamped therewith neere to Muskelburgh water within lesse than two miles of y e place where the English army came now to encamp Heere we haue to vnderstaÌ„d that the Scots light Horsemen oftentimes woulde come pricking almost within theyr staues length of the Englishmen as they marched whoouping shouting to the ende they mighte trayne them forth froÌ„ their streÌ„gth and with rayling words would stil be in hand to prouoke theÌ„ therto The goodnes of the Scottish horsemen feared of the Englishemenne The Lorde Grey desireth to encounter the Scottish horsemenne but the D. of Somerset doubting the goodnesse of those Scottish prickers gaue secret coÌ„mandmeÌ„t that no offer of skirmish by the Scottish Horsmen should be taken but at length the L. Grey of â—…tou not well able to beare such bold presumption in the Scots adueÌ„turing as he tooke it ouer rashly more thaÌ„ stood with their owne suretie made sute to the D. of Somerset that if they continued in such brauerie it mighte bee lawfull for him to set them further off The D. at the first would by no meanes assent thereto telling the L. Grey that hys desire proceeded more of a iolitie of courage than of any knowledge of the enimie and seemed to defende the goodnesse of the Scottish Horsemen but when the L. Grey persisted in his sute and the Earle of Warwike assisted his request the Duke in the ende yeelded thereto Heerevppon when the Scottes the next time whiche was on the Friday the ninth of September came forth to offer the skirmish after their wonted manner the L. Grey taking with him certayne hands of Horsmenne both menne of armes Demilaunces and also lighte Horsemenne deuided them in troupes appoynting the Spanish and Italian hagbutters on Horsebacke to keepe on a wing and to gaâ—…d the hindermost troupe of the English Horsemenne giuing order to the leaders of euery troupe Order gyuen by the Lorde Grey that to which so euer the enimie should once offer in any wise that no aunswer by skirmishe were made them but after they had drawen them to their accustomed play and proffer of charge that troupe that it was offered vnto presently vppon the enimies wheeling about should throughly gyue it them and that so giuen the nexte troupe presently to giue it in the face and so
portion of the bloud of our Sauior He therfore being desirous to haue some part thereof so intreated hym that had the keping of it that he obteined his desire brought it ouer wyth hym into Englande bestowyng a third part thereof after his fathers deceasse in the Abbeye of Hayles as it were to adorne and enryche the same bycause that therein bothe hys father and hys mother were buryed The bloud of Hayles and the other two partes hee dydde reserue in his owne custodie tyll at lengthe moued vppon suche deuotion as was then vsed hee founded an Abbey a little from his manour of Berkhamsted which abbey was named Ashrugge Ashrugge abbey built Bonnehommes in the which he placed Monkes of the order of Bonnehommes being the first that euer had bin seene of that order here in England And herewith he also assigned the two other partes of that bloud to the same Abbey Whervpon followed great resort of people to those two places induced therevnto by a certaine blynde deuotion The lord Henry sonne to the king of Almayn murdered in Italy Henrye the brother of thys Edmunde and son to the foresayde Kyng of Almayne as hee retourned from Affrike where hee hadde bene wyth the Prince Edwarde was stayne at Viterbo in Italy whither he was come about businesse whiche he had to do with the Pope by the hand of Guy de Montfort the sonne of Symon de Mountfort Earle of Leycester in reuenge of the same Symons death This murder was coÌ„mitted afore the high aultar as the same Henrye kneeled there to heare diuine seruice The foresayd Guy vpon that murder coÌ„mitted fled vnto his father in law the Earle of Anguilare as then gouernour of Tuskayn There was at Viterbo the same tyme Philippe king of Fraunce returning homewards from the iorney which his father made into Affrik where he died Also Charles king of Sicile was there present whome the sayde Guy then serued Both those Kyngs were put in muche blame for that the murder and wilfull escape was done and suffred in their presence and no pursute made after the murderer Boniface the Archbish of Canterbury after he had ruled the sea .xxxvij. yeres departed this life And after his deceasse Robert Kuvvarby Archebishoppe of Canterbury about two yeres or more was one Roberte Kylwarbye appointed in hys place by Pope Gregorie whiche Robert was the xlvj Archbishop that hadde gouerned the 〈◊〉 of Canterburye About the moneth of Iune there fell great debate and discorde betwixte the Monkes of Norwiche and the Citizens there An afâ—… tvvâ—… 〈◊〉 Moâ—…s 〈◊〉 Châ—… Nâ—… Whiche increased so farfoorth that at lengthe the Citizens wyth great violence assaulted the Monasterie fited the gates and forced the fyre so with reede and drye wood that the church with the bookes and all other ornamentes of the same and all houses of office belonging to that Abbey were cleane breâ—…ned wasted and destroyed so that nothing 〈◊〉 preserued excepte one little Chapell The Kyng hearing of this rioâ—… â—…dde to Norwiche and causyng inquirie to be made therof thirtie young men of the Citie were condemned hanged and brente Thirtie of 〈◊〉 Câ—… Noâ—…â—…ged and 〈◊〉 to the greate griefe of the other Citisens for they thoughte that the Priour of the place was the occasion of all that mischiefe who hadde got togither armed men and tooke vppon hym to keepe the â—…ffray and Churche by force of armes but the Prâ—… was well ynoughe borne oute and defended by the Byshoppe of Norwyche as their named Roger. The King returnyng by Sainte Edmâ—… Burye after hee hadde doone hys deuotions to Sainct Edmundes shrine began to waxe somewhat crasye but after hauing a little recouered his helth he called a Counsell there wherein he went aboute to haue taken order for the punishment of rebels but his sycknesse agayne inâ—…ing he brake vp the assembly and with al speede hasted to London After this he kept on his iourney till he came vnto Parys where hee was honourably receyued of the Frenche Kyng and from thence he went to Burdeaux and there remayned till after his fathers death In this meane time King Henry being returned to London from Sainct Edmundes Burye as before ye An. reg 57. haue heard his sicknesse so encreased 〈◊〉 that â—…aâ—…y he died there at Westminster the sixteenth daye of Nouember in the yeare of our Sauiour 12â—…2 after he hadde lyued threescore and fyue yeres King Henrye departeth thys lyfe and reigned fiftie sixe yeares and .xxvij. dayes A little before his deathe when hee perceyued that he coulde no longer lyue The Earle of Gloucester he caused the erle of Gloucester to come afore him and to be newly sâ—… to keepe the peace of the lande to the â—…e of his sonne Prince Edwarde Moreouer Kyng Henry had three daughters by the sayde Eleanore as Margarete married to Alexander K. of Scots Beatrice which the duke of Britayn had to wife and Catherine whiche died before she was mariageable he was of body well cast and strong â—…s proportion 〈◊〉 body of a good stature in heigth well fauored of face with the lidde of on of his eyes comming downe so as it almost couered the apple of the same eye Of nature he was curteous 〈◊〉 conditions and of stomacke rather noble thaÌ„ stoute a deuoute Prince and liberall towardes the poore and needie He wanted not yet dispraise in some poyntes namely for that in ordering of things and weightye affaires he vsed small consideration he was also noted to be a great taker of money by loanes taâ—…s and Subsidies But therevnto he was enforced by necessitie to beare the charges of warre and other publike affaires than of any couetous mynde on purpose to serue his owne turne What Captaines of honoure among the Nobilitie liued in his tyme it maye appeare by the course of the historye of his tyme. Of sundry learned menne these wee fynde mencioned in Mayster Bales Centuries and others Walter of Couentrie an historiographer Radulphus Niger that wrote bothe histories and other treatises Gervasius de Melkeley Albricius of London Roberte Curson a man excellently learned bothe in diuine and humain letters so that comming to the Courte of Rome he there grew in suche estimation that he became a Cardinall of whome thys wythnesse wee fynde recorded by Matthewe Westmonasteriensis and Mathew Paris At the takyng of Damiate a Citie in Egypte there was wyth Pelagius the Cardinall of Alba the Popes Legate mayster Roberte Curson an Englishe man a most famous clerke borne of a noble house and Cardinall of the church of Rome These are reported to florish in the days both of King Iohn and Kyng Henry his son in whose time also ther liued other lerned men as these Hughe Kirkested Richarde of Ely Peter Henham Iohn Giles or de Sancto Egidio an excellent phisitioÌ„ Caducan a Welchman borne and Bishoppe of Bangore Alexander a singuler lerned man that wrote dyuers and many treatises
and twentie years one Monethe and eyght dayes died at Westminster the ninth day of Aprill the yeare of our redemption a thousande foure hundreth foure score and three leauyng muche fayre issue that is to witte Edwarde the Prince a thirteene yeare of age Richarde Duke of Yorke twoo yeare yonger Elizabeth whose fortune and grace was after to bee Queene wyfe vnto Kyng Henry the seuenth and mother vnto the eyght Cicelie not so fortunate as faire Briget whyche representyng the vertue of hyr whose name shee bare professed and obserued a religious life in Dertforde an house of close Nunnes Anne that was after honourablye married vnto Thomas then Lorde Hawarde and after Earle of Surrey And Katherine which long time tossed in either fortune somtime in wealth ofte in aduersitie at the laste if this be the laste for yet shee liuethe is by the benignitye of hir Nephewe King Henry the eyghte in very prosperous estate and worthy hir birthe and vertue This noble Prince deceassed at his Palaice of Westminster and wyth greate funerall honour and heauinesse of his people from thence conueyed The loue of the people was enterred at Windsor A King of such gouernaunce and behauiour in time of peace for in warre eche parte muste needes bee others enimye that there was neuer any Prince of this lande attainyng the Crowne by battaile so hartelye beeleued wyth the â—…staunce of the people nor he hymselfe so speciallye in anye parte of hys life as at the time of hys deathe Whiche fauour and affection yet after hys deceasse by the crueltie mischiefe and trouble of the tempestuous worlde that followed highelye towarde him more increased At suche tyme as he died the displeasure of those that bare hym grudge for Kyng Henryes sake the sixte whome he deposed was well â—…ged and in effect quenched in that that many of them were deade in more than twentye yeares of hys raigne a greate parte of a long life And many of them in the meane season growen into his fauour of whiche he was neuer strange He was a goodlye personage Description of Edvvarde the fourthe and Princely to beholde of harte couragious pollitique in counsell in aduersitie nothyng abashed in prosperitie rather ioyfull than proud in peace iuste and mercifull in warre sharpe and fierce in the fielde bolde and hardye and nathelesse no further than wisedome woulde aduenturous whose warres who so wel consider hee shall no lesse commende hys wisedome where hee voyded than his manhoode where he vanquished Hee was of visage lonelye of body mightye strong and cleane made Howbeit in his latter dayes wyth ouer liberall dyer somewhat corpulent and boorely and â—…atheles not vncomely hee was of youth greately giuen to fleshely wantonnesse from which health of body in great prosperity and fortune without a speciall grace hardely refraineth Thys faulte not greately greeued the people for neyther coulde anye one mans pleasure stretche and extende to the displeasure of verye manye and was wythout violence and ouer that in hys latter dayes lessed and well lefte In whiche time of his latter dayes this Realme was in quiet and prosperous estate no feare of outwarde enemyes no warre in hand nor none towarde but suche as no man looked for the people towarde the Prince not in a constrained feare but in a willyng and louyng obedience among themselues the commons in good peace The Lordes whome hee knewe at variaunce hymselfe in his deathe bed appeased hee hadde lefte all gathering of money whiche is the onely thing that withdraweth the hartes of Englishemen fro the Prince nor any thing intended he to take in hande by whyche hee shoulde bee driuen thereto for hys tribute 〈…〉 〈◊〉 of Fraunce hee hadde before obteyne do And the yeare foregoing his deathe 〈◊〉 hadde obteyned Warwicke And albeit that 〈◊〉 the time of his raigne hee was wyth his people so beâ—…igne coueâ—…ous and so families that no part of his vertues 〈◊〉 more esâ—…emen yet y t condition in the ende of his dayes in whyche many Princes by along continued 〈…〉 â—…tie â—…like 〈…〉 proud â—…porâ—… from â—…boâ—…ain bâ—…â—…r 〈◊〉 their beginnyng warde 〈◊〉 flye in hym grewe and increased so farre forth that in 〈◊〉 the â—…e that 〈◊〉 sawe hys hâ—…m 〈◊〉 being at Wiâ—…â—…unting thee for the Mâ—…or and Aldermâ—… of London to hym for none 〈◊〉 errande and to 〈◊〉 them hâ—…band and heâ—… mâ—…rye with hym where hee made them not so â—…ly but so friendely and so familiar cheare and fence veâ—…son from thence so freely into the Citie that no â—…ng in many dayes before gaâ—… hym eyther mâ—… heartes or more heartye fauour amongest the common people whiche oftentimes more esteeme and take for greater kindnes a little courtesie than a greate benefite So deceassed as I haue sayde this noble King in that time in whiche his life was moste desired Whose loue of hys people and their entire affection towarde him â–ª hadde bene to hys noâ—… children haâ—…ng in themselues also as manye gifts of nature 〈◊〉 many Princely vertues asmuche goodlye towardnesse at their age coulde receyue a 〈◊〉 â—…lloâ—… fortresse and fate armour if diuision dissention of their friendes had not vnarmed them and lesse them destitute and the execrable desire of souerainty prouoked hym to their destruction whiche if eyther kinde of kindnesse hadde houlden place muste needes haue bene their chiefe defence For Richarde the Duke of Gloucester by nature their vncle by office their protectour to their father beâ—… to themselfe by othe and allegiaunce boâ—…nden all the bandes broken that bindeâ—… maâ—… and man togyther wythout anye respecte of God or the worlde vnnaturally contriued to berene them not only their dignitie but also their liues But for asmuche as this Dukes demeanor ministreth in effect all the whole matter whereof this booke shall intreate it is therefore conuenient somewhat to shewe you ere wee farther goe what manner of man thys was that coulde finde in his harte so muche mischiefe to conceiue Richarde Duke of Yorke Richarde duke of Yorke a noble man and a mightie beganne not by warre but by lawe to chalendge the Crowne puttyng hys claime into the Parliament where his cause was eyther for righte or fauour so farre forthe auaunced that King Henry his bloude albeit he has a goodly Prince vtterly reiected the Crowne was by aucthoritie of parliament entailed vnto the Duke of Yorke and his issue male in remainder immediatly after the deathe of Kyng Henry But the Duke not induryng so long to carry but entendyng vnder pretexte of dissention and debate arising in the Realme to preuent his time and to take vppon hym the rule in Kyng Henry his life was with many nobles of the Realme at Wakefielde slaine leauing three sonnes Edwarde George and Richard All three as they were greate states of birth so were they great and stately of stomack greedy and ambitious of auctoritie Edvvarde and impatient of partners Edwarde reuenging his fathers deathe depriued Kyng Henry
faithfull Chaplayne and glad would haue bin that hys chylde hadde succeeded him Howbeit if the secrete iudgemente of God haue otherwise prouided I purpose not to spurre against a pricke nor labour to sette vp that God pulleth downe And as for the late Protector and now King And euen there he left saying that he had already meddled to muche with the worlde and woulde from that day meddle with his Booke and hys heades and no farther Then longed the Duke sore to heare what hee woulde haue sayd bycause he ended with the King and there so suddaynely stopped and exhorted hym so familiarly betweene them twayne to be bolde to say whatsoeuer he thought whereof he faithfully promised there shoulde neuer come hurte and peraduenture more good than hee woulde wene and that himselfe intended to vse his faithfull secrete aduise and counsell whiche hee sayde was the onely cause for which he procured of the King to haue him in his custody where hee might recken himselfe at home and else had hee bin putte in the handes of them with whome hee should not haue founden the like fauoure The Byshop right humbly thanked him and sayde in good faith my Lord I loue not to talke much of Princes as thing not all out of perill though the word be without fault for asmuch as it shall not bee taken as the partie meante it but as it pleaseth the Prince to construe it And euer I thinke on Esops tale that when the Lion hadde proclaymed that on payne of death there should none horned beast abyde in that wood one that had in his forhead a bunche of fleshe fled awaye a great pace The Foxe that saw hym runne so fast asked hym whyther he made all that haste And he answered In fayth I neyther wote nor recke so I were once hence bicause of this proclamation made of horned beastes What foole quoth the Foxe thou mayst abyde well ynough the Lion meant not by thee for it is none horne that is in thine head No mary quoth hee that wote I well ynough But what and hee call it an horne where am I then The Duke laughed merily at the tale and sayd My Lorde I warrant you neyther the Lion nor the Bore shall pyke any matter at any thing heere spoken for it shall neuer come neere their eare In good faith Sir sayde the Byshop if it did the thing that I was about to say taken as well as afore God I meant it could deserue but thanke And yet taken as I wene it woulde mighte happen to turne mee to little good and you to lesser Then longed the Duke yet much more to witte what it was wherevppon the Byshoppe saide in good fayth my Lorde as for the late Protector sith he is nowe King in possession I purpose not to dispute his title but for the weale of this Realm whereof hys grace hath nowe the gouernaunce and whereof I am my selfe one poore member I was about to wishe that to those good habilities whereof he hath already right many little needing my prayse it mighte yet haue pleased God for the better store to haue giuen hym some of suche other excellente vertues meete for the rule of a Realme as our Lord hathe planted in the person of youre grace and there lefte agayne The Duke somewhat maruelling at his suddayne pauses Here endeth Sir Thomas More and this that followeth is taken out M. of Hall as though they were but parentheses with a high countenaunce sayd My Lorde I euidently perceyue and no lesse note your often breathing and suddayne stopping in youre communication so that to my intelligence your words neyther come to any direct or perfect sentence in conclusion whereby either I might perceyue and haue knowledge what your inwarde intent is now toward the King or what affection you beare towarde me For the comparison of good qualities ascribed to vs both for the whiche I may selfe knowledge and recognise to haue none nor looke for no prayse of any creature for the same maketh me not a little to muse thynkyng that you haue some other priuie imaginatiō by loue or by grudge engraued and emprinted in your hart which for feare you dare not or for childish shamefastnesse you be abashed to disclose and reueale and specially to me being your friend which on my honour do assure you to hee as secrete in this case as the deaffe and dumme person is to the singer or the tree to the hunter The Byshop beeing somewhat bolder considering the Dukes promise but most of all animated and encouraged bycause he knew the Duke desirous to be exalted and magnified and also he perceyued the inwarde hatred and priuie rancor which he bare toward King Richard was now boldened to open his stomacke euen to the very bottome intending thereby to compasse howe to destroy and vtterly confound King Richard and to depriue him of his dignitie royall or else to set the Duke so a fyer with the desire of ambition that hee himselfe mighte be safe and escape out of all daunger and perill whiche thing hee brought shortly to conclusion both to the kings destruction and the Dukes confusion and to his owne safegard and finally to hys high promotion And so as I sayde before vpon trust and confidence of the Dukes promise the Byshoppe sayd my singuler good Lord sith the time of my captiuitie which being in your graces custodie I may rather call it a liberall libertie more than a straighte emprisonmente in auoyding idlenesse mother and nourisher of all vices in reading Bookes and auntient Pamphlets I haue founde this sentence written that no manne is borne free and in libertie of himselfe onely for one part of duetie he oweth or should owe to his parents for his procreation by a very natural instincte and filiall curtesie another parte to hys friendes and kinsfolke for proximitie of bloud and natural amitie doth of very duetie chalenge and demaunde But the natiue Countrey in the whiche hee tasted firste the sweete ayres of thys pleasant and flattering world after his natiuitie demaundeth as a debt by a naturall bond neyther to bee forgotten nor yet to be put in obliuion which saying causeth me to consider in what case this Realme my natiue Countrey nowe standeth and in what estate and assurance before this time it hath continued what gouernour we now haue and what ruler wee mighte haue for I playnely perceyue the Realme beeing in this case must needes decay and bee broughte to vtter confusion and finall exterminion But one hope I haue encorporate in my brest that is when I consider and in my mynd do diligently remember dayly behold your noble personage your iustice and indifferencie your feruent zeale and ardente loue towarde youre naturall Countrey and in like manner the loue of your Countrey toward you the great learning pregnaunt witte and goodly eloquence which so much doth abounde in the person of your grace I muste needes thinke this Realme fortunate yea
and his iourneyes appointed by the Counsayle to the intent he woulde not seeme to doe any thyng but vppon warrant And as he was nowe forwarde on his way what a doe there was what stirring on euerye side what sending what ryding and posting what letters messages and instructions went to and fro what talking among the souldiers what hartburning among the people what faire pretences outwardly inwardly what priuie practises there were what speeding and sending forth ordinance out of the tower yea euen the same day that Queene Marie at euen was proclaymed Queene what rumors and comming downe of souldiers as there was from all quarters a worlde it was to see and a processe to declare ynough to make as sayeth maister Foxe a whole volume euen as bygge as an Ilias The greatest helpe that made for the Ladie Marie was the shorte iourneyes of the Duke which by Commission were assigned to him before as aboue is mencioned and happilye not without the politike forecast of some in fauour of the Ladie Marie for the longer the Duke lingered in his voyage the Ladie Marie the more increased in puissance the heartes of the people being mightily bent vnto hir Wherevpon she in the meane time remayning at Fremingham hearing of this preparatiō against hir gathered togither such power of the noblemē and other hir frendes in that countrie as she coulde get And first of all the noblemen that came vnto hir aide were the Earles of Sussex Bathe and Oxeforde the Lorde Wentworth Sir Thomas Cornewalleys Sir Henrie Ierninghan Sir William Walgraue with diuerse other Gentlemen and Commons of the counties of Norfolke and Suffolke Here as maister Foxe noteth the Suffolke men being the first that resorted to hir promised hir their ayde and helpe to the vttermost of their powers so that she woulde not go about to alter the religion whiche hir brother had established and was nowe vsed and exercised through the Realme To this condicion she agreed with such promise as no man woulde haue doubted that anye innouation of matters in religion shoulde haue followed by hir sufferance or procurement during hir reygne but howe soone she forgate that promise it shall shortlye after appeare In this meane season the Lorde Windsor Sir Edmonde Peckham sir Robert Drurie and Sir Edwarde Hastings raysed the Commons of the shire of Buckingham to whome Sir Iohn Willyams which afterwarde was Lord Willyams of Thame and Sir Leanarde Chamberlaine with the chiefe power of Oxefordshire And out of Northhamptonshire came Sir Thomas Tresham and a great number of Gentlemen out of diuerse partes whose names were to long to rehearse These Captaines with their companies being thus assembled in warlike maner marched forwarde towardes Norffolke to the ayde of the Ladie Marie and the further they went the more their power encreased The Lords of the counsel being in this meane whyle at London after they vnderstoode howe the better part of the Realme were enclyned and hearing euery daye newes of great assemblies began to suspect the sequele of this enterprise so that prouiding for their owne suretie without respect of the Duke who nowe was at Burie they fell to a newe counsayle and lastly by assent made Proclamation at London in the name of the Ladie Marie by the name of Marie Queene of Englande Fraunce and Irelande defender of the faith and of the churches of Englande and Irelande supreme heade Of whiche Proclamation after the Duke of Northumberlande being then at Burie was aduertised by letters from the Counsayle he incontinently according to the newe order receyued from them returned with his power againe to Cambridge and suche a sodayne chaunge of myndes forthwith appeared in his armie that they whiche late before seemed most forwarde in that quarrell beganne first to flie from him and so euerye man shifting for himselfe he that late before was furnished of such multitude of souldiers was sodenly forsaken of all sauing a fewe whose perils were ioyned with his But nowe before I proceede any further in the historie of Queene Marie that was nowe receyued proclaymed Queene as then to succeede hir brother I will speake somewhat of the lerned men that wrote and published any pamphlets or treatises in his dayes as in deede there were many but for that the more part of them dyed in Queene Maries time or in the Queenes Maiesties time that nowe is or else are yet liuing I doe omit those here meaning to speak of them hereafter if God shall permit as occasion may serue For the residue that ended their liues in this Kings dayes these I finde Dauid Clapham a lawyer and well seene in the Latine tongue wrote sundrie treatises Robert Talbot a Prebendarie of Norwich very skilfull in antiquities Edwarde Hall a Counsaylour in the Common lawe but excellently seene in hystories wrote a notable Chronicle of the vnion of the two houses of Yorke and Lancaster Richarde Tracie of Todington in Glocestershire an Esquire and verye well learned sonne to Willyam Tracie Doctor Ioseph an excellent Preacher George Ioye a Bedfordeshire man that wrote diuerse treatises concerning Diuinitie and dyed eyther in the last yere of King Edwarde or in the beginning of Queene Maries reygne as appeareth by maister Bale Alexander Barkeley a Scotte a notable Poet and a good Rhetorician departed this life in the yeare M.D.LII. Willyam Hugh a Yorkeshire manne wrote beside other things a notable treatise called the Troubled mans medicine he deceased by the bursting of a veyne in the yeare M.D.XLIX Thomas Sterneholde borne in Southampton turned into Englishe meeter xxxvij Psalmes chosen forth of Dauids Psalter Of straungers that liued died here in this Kings days excellently learned and renoumed for such treatises as they published to the worlde Martine Bucer and Paulus Fagius are most famous To ende nowe with this parte of the booke concerning King Edwarde I haue thought good to set downe Cardanes verses written as an Epitaph of him as here followeth Carmen Epitaphicum Cardani in obitū Regis Edouardi FLete nefas magnum sed toto flebilis orbe Mortales vester corruit omnis honor Nam Regum decus Iuuenū flos spesque bonorū Delitia secli gloria gentis erat Dignus Apollineis lachrymis doctaeque Minerua Flosculus heu miserè concidit ante diem Te cumulo dabimus musae supremaque flentes Munera Melpone tristia fata canet Queene Marie Queene Marie MArie eldest daughter of King Henrie the eyght by the Ladie Katherine of Spayne his firste wife and sister vnto King Edwarde the sixth by the fathers side beganne hir reygne the vj. day of Iulye which daye the King hir brother dyed and she was proclaymed at London as is before remembred in the ende of the historie of King Edwarde the sixth 1552 the xix daye of the same moneth Quene Marie proclaymed in the yeare of our Lorde 1553. After the creation of the worlde 5520. In the xxxv yeare of Charles the v. Emperour of