appointed as you may read in Ausonius Quis Mirmilloni componitur aequimanus Thrax See more of these in Sueton. Caligula n A Tribune here is called Vacans namely such an one as was enrolled extraordinarily and not promoted thereto by degrees of service These also as well as others placed in any dignitie after that maner by other authors are expresly tearmed Ascripti and Ascriptitij For thus writeth Ael Lampridius in Alexandro Severo Nec quâ—mqua passus est esse in Palatinis nisi necessarios homines iureiur ando deinde constrinxit ne quem ascriptum id est vacantem haberet ne annonis rempub gravaret Also Terbellius Pollio in Balista where Valerianus the Emperour in a letter unto Balista seemeth to joy that by his counsell nullum ascriptitium i. vacantem haberet Tribunum nullum stipatorem qui non verè pugnaret But take this for my conjecture onely as touching Tribunus vacans I will gladly yeeld to him that shall bring a more probable reason of this tearme o Dion writeth That Augustus admitted certain Batavian horsemen to keepe residence in Rome within campe How ever Tranquillus Suetonius affirmeth that hee allowed no more than three cohorts to harbour within the citie and those sine castris But it seemeth that by occasion of many strangers conflowing to Rome who could not be received in the hostelries and ordinarie Innes there was a certaine place assigned by it selfe for their lodging called therupon Castra peregrina or Peregrinorum And of this opinion is Guidus Pancirolus de 1â— Regionibus urb Rom. Annotations and conjectures upon the seventeenth Booke a BRasmatiae or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Arist de mundo are those earthquakes which shake the earth upward and downeward ad angulos rectos so called of the resemblance of water boyling 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. to seeth or boile up b Clinatiae 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as I guesse because they bend sidelong or Climatiae 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. pervertere vel diruere as Marcellus Donatus thinketh c Chasmatiae of Chasma in Greeke which signifieth a gaping or wide chinke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to gape Aristotle maketh mention of them De mundo d Mycematiae or rather Mycetiae as Aristotle tearmeth them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. to bellow to loow or roare e Donative was a largesse or liberalitie bestowed upon the souldiors by the Generall or upon the people by the Prince f Cicero in his second booke de Divinatione writeth thus It is reported that in the territories of the Tarquinienses when an husbandman ploughed the ground and tooke one deeper stitch than the rest there started up out of the earth on a sodaine this Tages and spake unto the said Plough-man now this Tages as is found written in the Tuscane bookes seemed in personage and countenance a verie child but for wisedome was equall to the aged who being affrighted at this sodaine sight cryed out in so much as out of all Tuscane the people flocked soone thither And then Tages uttered many speeches in the hearing of them all which they noted and put in writing and this his speech contained the whole knowledge and learning of Soothsaying Ovid also in his Metamorphos writeth of him But it is like he was some base and obscure fellow who by his impostures deceived the world professing as he did the art of Divination Annotations and conjectures upon the eighteenth Booke a LVstrum was the space of foure yeares after which time complet there was a solemne review and cessing holden at Rome and the citie by a Sacrifice purged with sundrie other ceremoniall complements almost duely observed in everie revolution of such a tearme of yeares whereunto peradventure our author alludeth it was so ordinarie a thing in Constantius his Court which he tearmeth Castra by a word borrowed of warfare to have these alterations and chaunges like as at everie Lustrum new Magistats as Censors c. b Diribitores otherwise called Distributores were certaine persons imployed in tendering unto the Romane citizens certaine little tablets as they went to give their voyces at their solemne elections of Magistrats therein to write their affirmative or negative There were also of this denomination the Paymasters of wages to souldiors in an armie Coelius Rhodigin c Homer in his ninth tenth and eleventh bookes of his Poem Odyssea faineth how Vlysses held these Phaeaces upon whose land he was cast by tempest with a long discourse and narration of his travels In imitation of whom Virgil bringeth in his Aeneas making the like reports unto Queene Dido The silent audience of the Phaeaces Homer expresseth in this verse eftsoones repeated 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 d Tricesimani were souldiors picked out of the thirtieth legion e Fortenses A companie of souldiors auxiliarie so called of Fortia a towne in Sarmatia Asiatica f Superventores Companies of souldiors placed apart from the bodie of the armie or battel readie to come upon the enemies forcibly on a sodaine whiles they are otherwise emploied or secure g Praeventores Companies of souldiors keeping likewise apart from the maine armie or battel readie to prevent the enemies or gaine a place before them h Iam Comite For having beene one of the guard called Protectores before he now became a captaine and had the charge of a regiment and was dignified also with the name Comâ—s Annotations and conjectures upon the 19 Booke a THese solemne holy-daies and feasts were kept for memorial of Adonis the darling of Venus slaine by a wild boare in hunting in the month of Iuly what time Fruges sunt adultae corne is ripe i Siccitas i. drought I suppose he meaneth heat the active qualitie for drinesse being a passive qualitie is not so powerfull And that he meaneth heat it may appeare by the Plague in the Greeke campe and armie before Troy occasioned by the arrowes of Apollo i. the Sunne Homer Ilia α. k By this straunger or guest is meant Paris who tooke away Helena the wife of Menelaus for which indignitie and wrong arose that warre and siege which continued tenne yeares l Of this Pestilence yee may read more in Thucidides lib. 2. and in Lucretius lib. 6. where it is described verie pathetically and to the life and in manner word for word out of Lucretius m Leviores I suppose he meaneth acutiores i. more quicke and sharpe n o p In putting downe these names of maladies we are to observe that Marcellinus although he was a souldior and out of his owne element yet speaketh not unproperly nor doth exorbitate from the doctrine of Hippocrates Galene and the rest who among these vulgar diseases called here 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 allow some to be Epidemij simply not pestilenciall but such as kill for the most part to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and pestilenciall q Rhesus was King of Thracia and came to aid the Trojanes against the Greekes who together with his horses were the first night they came
surprised by Diomedes and Vlisses and slaine before they had drunke of the river Xanthus which ran by Troy and so Troy was lost For the Oracle had delivered this answer In case he and his horâ—es might once drinke of that river Troy should never be won r Proletarij and Capite censi were the poorer sort of the people not ordinarily but upon great extremitie employed in warfare but appointed to keepe at home ad prolâ—m excitandam Alexander ab Alexand. Genial Dierum lib. 6. cap. 22. s Libitina The Goddesse of Funerals supposed to be Venus Epitymbia in whose temple at Rome were all things to bee sold necessarie for burials The word is put for death and Funerals at which Sword-Fencers were woont to practise their feats and gaine well thereby Whereupon they were tearmed Bustuarij as using to haunt funerall fires t Ludius The god likewise of Games and Playes at which also were employed for more state and pompe the same Sword-players and reaped no small commoditie from thence So that by Commercia Libitinae and Ludij are meant Funerals and plaies and by consequence commoditie growing unto such Fencers at such solemnities u Claros A citie in Ionia renowned for the Oracle there of Apollo whereupon he was called Clarius x Dodona a citie of Chaonia within Epirus neere to which was a Wood consecrated to Iupiter and the same consisting all of Oake wherein by report there sâ—ood the temple of Iupiter thereupon named Dodonaeus and in it an Oracle the most auncient of all others in Greece Some write That the very trees gave answere by way of Oracle y Delphi A citie in Boeotia neere to the mount Pernassus where stood the most famous temple of Apollo and in which he or the devill whether ye will pronounced Oracles foreshewing future events Thence was he called Delphicus z C. Cornelius a Tribune of the Commons proposed a law likewise L. Cornel. Sylla Dictator which were called Leges Maiestatis very strong against any person whatsoever that practised against the State and so by consequence against the Soveraigne authoritie Carol. Sigon Annotations and conjectures upon the 20. Booke a H Eruli A right valiant nation in Sarmatia above the river Ister or Danubius Procop. b Draconarius As everie Centurie or Hundred in a Cohort had Vexilum i. a Banner so in each Cohort of a Legion there was the Ensigne called Draco of the portraiture of a Dragon the bearer whereof was called Draconarius Veget lib. 2. cap. 13. And he was allowed for an ornament to weare a coller or chayne From this place he might be preferred to be Hastatus and so forth a Comes i. a Captaine or Leader of a band For in this sence is Comes taken as it seemeth in this passage and Leo the Emperor in his third booke De bellico apparat defineth Comes to be unius Bandi sive Cohortis Praefectum c The Aureus among the Romanes was a piece of gold coyne currant in the Empire and in round reckoning equivalent to our Spur-royall of 15. s. For an hundred Sestertij made one Aureus and those amount to 15. s. 7. ob which is the fourth part of Mina or Pondo in silver or of one ounce of French-crowne gold or much thereabout with us in these dayes And note here that in electing of an Emperour as it was required on the souldiors part beside the salutation of him by these termes Salve Imperator Salve Auguste Dij te servent or sospitent c. to doe the purple Robe upon him and a Diademe So the Emperour thus saluted and invested used on his behalfe to promise a largesse among them by the poll d The Heathen were persuaded in their blind superstition that as every man had his severall Genius or angell so to each countrey and state likewise there was appropriat a tutelar god or divine power for the protection thereof e Many Legions were called Flaviae as Constantiana Theodosiana c. This seemeth here to be Constantiana of Constantius then Emperour and the sonne of Constantine the Great who assuming to him this fore-name Flavius gave that title to this Legion Other Emperours also following tooke up that name and derived it from them to sundrie Legions of their enrolling f Parthica so called for that it consisted of Parthians As for the addition Prima it was given in regard of auncientie or prioritie This also is confirmed by those Legions following g To wit Secunda Flavia. h Secunda Armeniaca consisting of Armenians i And Parthica Secunda k Bitumen is a certaine clammie and slimie substance arising out of a lake in Iurie and approcheth neere unto the nature of Brimstone for that it catcheth fire so soone Plin. Nat. Hist lib. 35. cap. 15. Being once afire it is inextinguible unlesse it be by throwing dust upon it as Ammianus Marcellinus sheweth afterward Some take Naphtha to be a kind of it l Magister Armorum is a title of high place and more than Comes indâ—fferent as well for Infanterie as Cavallerie and may properly be tearmed Generall of the Forces yet for the most part hath respect unto horsemen He was in the same place under the Emperors as Magister Equitum in the free state under the Dictators Annotations and conjectures upon the 21. Booke a I Vlian had beene alreadie five yeares Caesar and therefore being now Augustus he performed his Quinquennall vowes as the manner was also for tenne yeares twentie and more b Xystarcha the master professour of Wrestling so called of Xystus a place where they used to wrestle and practise that and other exercises of activitie out of the Sunne and rayne c Auguria and Auspicia although they be commonly confounded yet for as much as they be here distinctly put downe you may understand that properly Auguria were the signes taken by birds flight and their singing or voice and some wil have Augurium to be quasi avium garritus Auspicia by their manner of feeding c. d Many Prophetesses there were and wise women under the name of Sibyllae which some Etymologize to be as much as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. privie to the secret counsels of Iupiter I would rather say 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for they were the very lims of the devill with their impostures deceiving the world The chiefe of them was Cumana of Cumes a citie in Asia the lesse called also Erythraea who comming into Italie bewitched the Romanes with her prophesies and left among them those famous bookes whereof Livie and other Historians make so much mention unto which they had recourse in all their extremities d Epiphanie is that feastivall holy day among Christians which we call Twelfe-day upon occasion that about that time our Saviour Christ began to appeare unto the Gentiles what time as the Magi came out of the East to adore him Yet Epiphanius in his booke Advers Hareses will have the Epiphanie to be the very day of his nativitie which we call Christmas for then Christ appeared
never a whit leave off his purpose like for all the world to his brother Gallus although he was not bloudily minded Whereupon faring afterward against them as murmuring detractors and contumacious he compiled an invective volume which hee called Antiochense or Mesopogon upon a malitious mind reckoning up the shamefull reproaches of the citie and setting to more than were true After which understanding there were many pleasant jests and skoffes made of him being forced to dissimule all for the time he boiled and swelled againe inwardly with anger For mocked he was by these tearmes as â— Cercops a little dwarfe using to stretch his narrow shoulders carrying a goats beard before him and stalking with a wide pace like as if he had beene a brother of λ Otus and Ephialtes those Giants whose talnesse Homer infinitly setteth out in the highest degree He was also tearmed in stead of Sacricola i. a devout server of God Victimarius i. the common sacrificer or butcher whereby many alluded to his often sacrificing And verie aptly was he blamed in this behalfe when as for oâ—tentation sake he used verie boldly to carrie sacred oblations for the priests accompanied with a sort of women and he tooke joy and pleasure therein And although for these and the like causes he fretted and chafed yet he said not a word but holding in his passion within the power of his mind he celebrated his sacred solemnities notwithstanding To conclude upon a certaine set festivall day before appointed he ascended up to the mountaine Casius so full of woods and with a round compasse reaching up on high from whence at the second cocke crowing the sun is seene first to rise And when he offered sacrifice and celebrated divine service to Iupiter all on a sodaine he espied one lying prostrat upon the ground with a supplyant voyce humbly beseeching life and pardon And when he asked what he was answer was made unto him That it was Theodotus of Hierapolis one of the Presidents traine there who among other honourable personages accompanying Constantius as he went from their citie by way of unâ—eemely and base flattering him as who doubtlesse should win the victorie requested him and that with teares and grones which he had at commaund to send unto them the head of Iulian that ungratefull traitor in such sort as he remembred the said Member of Magnentius was carryed up and downe all about Which when he understood I have quoth he heard indeed long since by many mens relation of this thy speech but goe thy wayes in peace carelesse and void of all feare through the clemencie of thy Prince who as the wise man hath advised to diminish the number of foes and to encrease the number of friends of his owne accord and willingly striveth so to do After hee had performed the rites of sacrifice and was departed from thence there was presented unto him a writing from the governour of Aegypt avouching That the oxe Apis which had beene sought with great diligence and industrie might yet after a time be found Which as the inhabitants of those countries suppose is a token of luckinesse of plentifull fruits and divers good blessings as touching which matter it will bee requisit that somewhat were briefly delivered Among living creatures by auncient observation halowed Mneuis and Apis are of more note than the rest Mneuis is consecrated to the Sun concerning â—â—â—ch no memorable matter is recorded the other following to the Moon For Apis is an oxe or bull lively pourtraied unto us with divers figures of natural marks but marked most of al with the shape of the new Moon on his right flanke who when as after a certaine appointed time of life hee is deepe plunged in a sacred fountaine and departed out of this life for hee may not live any longer than the secret authoritie of mysticall bookes doth prescribe nor but once in the yeare is there presented unto him a cow and the same found with certaine especial markes another is sought for with publike sorrow and lamentation and if he may be found with all signes right and perfect accordingly he is brought to Memphis a goodly citie and ennobled with the presence of god Aesculapius and when by the ceremonious consecration of certaine prelats to the number of one hundred he is brought into a bed-chamber and beginneth to be sacred or hallowed hee is said by manifest conjectures to shew the signes of future things and seemeth by certaine crooked tokens to mislike some as they come toward him Like as upon a time when he rejected and refused Germanicus Caesar as we read in the Chronicles offering him meat it portended what fell out within a while after CHAP. XIIII An exact draught of things memorable in Aegypt and first as touching the auncientie of the people The site and limits of the kingdome then the heads courses mouthes or issues and strange wonders of Nilus BEcause therefore this present time seemeth to require so much the storie of Aegypt would slightly and in few words bee touched considering that the knowledge there of I have orderly put downe at large in the acts of the Emperours Hadrian and Severus reporting most things that I saw my selfe The Aegyptian nation the most auncient of all others but that it contendeth with the Scythians about antiquitie is on the South side bounded with the greater Syrtes the Promontorie Phycus and Borium together with the Garamants and sundrie other kinds of people where it looketh directly into the East it lyeth along just before Elephantina and Meröe cities of the Aethiopians the Catadupi also and the Red Sea together with the Arabians Scenitae whom we now call Saracenes The parts bearing just against the North are maine lands cohering one to the other a mightie way whence Asia and the provinces of Syria take their beginning On the West side disjoyned it is from the Continent by the sea Issiacum which some have named Parthenium Meet it will be therefore that somewhat in briefe I set downe as touching Nilus which Homer tearmeth Aegyptus minding shortly to shew other particulars which in these countries are admirable The spring heads and originall of Nilus as I for my part verily am wont to thinke the ages also ensuing hereafter shall be ignorant of like as those have beene heretofore to this day But for as much as the fabling Poets and disagreeing Geographers deliver divers matters as touching the hidden knowledge thereof I will dispatch in few words their opinions such as I suppose sound neere unto the truth Some Naturallists affirme That in the parts lying under the North when the cold Winters bind and freeze all there be mightie great snowes congealed and gathered together and these afterwards resolved through the force of the exceeding hot Sunne turne into clouds full of liquid and flowing humors which by the μ Etesian winds driven into the South quarter and wrung out with excessive heat
Dinocrates the master of the Workes and chiefe builder thereof who when he layed the foundation of the large and faire wals for want of lyme at the same instant unneth found bestrewed all the circuit thereof drawne out by line with meale which by an accidentall signe foreshewed that the citie afterward was like to abound with plenteous store of victuals there the holesome winds doe blow there is the aire calme and mild and as experiments gathered in sundrie ages hath shewed there is no day almost in the yeare but the inhabibitants of this citie see the Sunne shine cleere and bright This câ—ast that it should not as heretofore annoy the saylers with many dangers by reason of the deceitfull and perillous passages to the land Queene Cleopatra devised to set up in the haven an high tower called of the very place it selfe Pharos yeelding the meanes of giving light unto ships sayling in the night season whereas in times past such ships as came out of the Parthenian or Lybian sea seeing along the flat shores void of mountaines no land-markes either of watch-towers or hils ran on ground upon the soft and clammie sands and so were split in sunder This very same Queene built the Heptastadium no lesse wonderful for bignesse than incredible almost for the quicke dispatch thereof and that for a cause well knowne and necessarie which is this The Island Pharos where Homer in his swelling veine of fabulous Poetrie deviseth That Proteus kept with his heards of sea-Calves or Seales lying a myle from the strond on which the said citie standeth was bound to pay toll for portage unto the Rhodians which when some from thence came and demanded excessively this ladie whose wits served her at all times to worke wyles having under a colour of solemne and feastivall holy dayes trained foorth the said fermors or toll-gatherers with her to the places under the citie side caused by uncessant and restlesse labour a piece of worke to be finished and in seven dayes for so many stadia by making huge dams and bankes within the sea there was woon land unto the maine neere adjoyning and thither went she then in her waggon and said The Rhodians mistooke and were deceived who were to demaund tollage of Islands and not of the Continent Besides these there are temples prowdly standing with high lanternes and steeples among which Serapium carrieth up the head aloâ—t which although there be but few words and little speech goe of it yet with most stately courts and porches supported upon pillars with lively portraicts and images and with a number of other artificall workes so adorned it is that excepting the Capitoll whereby venerable Rome advaunceth it selfe in majestie for ever the world cannot see a more sumptuous and glorious thing Wherein were libraries of inestimable worth and all the auncient records jointly doe testifie That seven hundred thousand bookes bestowed there such was the vigilant cate of Ptolomeyes the kings were in the Alexandrine warre whiles the citie was sacked under Caesar Dictator burnt to ashes Twelve miles from thence standeth Canopus to which the Pilot of Menelâ—us as auncient monuments beare witnesse there buried gave that name a place even to this day built sumptuously with churches and goodly faire innes through which the winds blow that are of an holesome temperature insomuch that any man living in those tracts would thinke that he maketh his abode without our world when oftentimes he shall heare the winds make a gentle noyse with a warme ayre and Sunneshine breath But Alexandria it selfe not arising by little little as other cities but at the very first built large with a spacious compasse and a long time grievously wearied with domesticall dissentions at last after many yeares whiles Aurelianus was Emperour what time as civile brawles brake out to mortall broyles whereby the wals were ruinate lost the greatest part of her territories named Bruchion after it had beene for a long time the seat and dwelling place of excellent and renowmed men Thence descended Aristarchus that famous and mostlearned Grammarian Herodian also a diligent student and searcher into the most curious arts likewise Saccas Ammonius the master of Plotinus and a number of other writers in many noble professions of learning among whom Chalcenterus Didymus memorable for his enterprise of manifold sciences caried a great name who in those six â—ookes wherein sometime he findeth fault though unperfectly with Tully following herein the Sillographi foule tongued and rayling writers blameth the judgement of learned eares faring herein with his unsavorie and affectate speech like unto a foolish whelpe that afarre off keepeth a barking and baying about a terrible roaring Lyon And albeit there were many more together with these whom I have named that flourished here in old time yet in the same citie the professions of sundrie sorts of knowledge are not even in these daies silent for both the masters of Mathematickes after a sort here breath and live still and whatsoever lyeth darke and hidden is discovered and layed open by the Geometricians staffe neither as yet among them is Musicke altogether decayed and gone nor harmonie husht and even yet among some blacke though they be the skill and observation of the heavens motion and of the starres is hotely professed againe and in one word learned there be among them not a few Over and besides cunning they are in the science of prophesie and divination which openeth the courses of the Destinies And as for Physicke whereof in this life of ours which can little skill of temperature and sobrietie the many helps and meanes are right requisite and needfull the studie and practise therof encreaseth daily so that although it stand most upon practise and experience yet in lieu of al experiments it sufficeth for a Physitian to commend the authoritie of his skill if he doe but say That he was trained up therein at Alexandria And thus much verily may serve as touching these matters But if any man wil with a quicke understanding revolve the manifold introductions into the intelligence of Divinitie and the originall of fore-knowing things to come he shall find that such kind of learning was from Aegypt carryed and spread over the whole world Here first men long before others came to the sundrie rudiments and cradles as they say of Religion and the first principles of their sacred mysteries they warily keepe and save bestowed in secret sanctuaries In this knowledge Pythagoras being instructed and according to it secretly worshipping the gods whatsoever he said or held he ordained the same to stand in stead of an â—â— approved authoritie and oftentimes he shewed at Olympia his golden thigh and was from time to time seene to talke with an Angell And hence it was that Anaxagoras foretold That stones should fall from heaven and by handling the mud that was in a pit or well gave a prediction of the earthquakes that ensued Solon also
by the helpes hee had from the opinions of the Aegyptian Priests by making lawes according to the direction of justice brought the greatest strength and validitie to the Roman law also From these fountaines glorious Wisedome in imitation of Iupiter marching on high with brave and loftie words having not seene Aegypt hath as it were in warfare displayed her banners Now for the Aegyptians themselves they be men for the most part somewhat of a darke swart colour and blacke and much enclining to melancholie leane and drie upon everie motion wrathful and angry litigious and most eagre demaunders againe for any arrerages and dueties behind If any one of them by his deniall of tributes could not shew upon his body many blacke and blew markes he would be ashamed And to this day there could not be found the torment so violent as to fetch out of any of their hearts obdurat and hardened in robberie so much as to tell what his proper name was And this one thing moreover is well knowne as appeareth by our antient Annales That all Aegypt heretofore was ruled by their kings friends unto the State of Rome but after that Antonie and Cleopatra were in the battaile at Sea before Actium vanquished it became possessed by Octavianus Augustus and tooke the name of a province As for Libya the drie we attained unto it by vertue of the last wil testament of king Apion Cyrenae with the residue of the cities in Libya Pentapolis we received as a gift at the bountifull hand of Ptolemeus Having thus launched out a great way I will returne now to the order of my hystorie begun THE XXIII BOOKE CHAP. I. Iulianus taking unto him Sallustius as Collegue whom he ordained to bee Praefect for Gallia goeth in hand with the reedification of the Temple at Jerusalem but in vaine Being terrified with ominous signes and prodigious tokens yet mindeth he to enterprise the Persian war THese were the acts to say nothing of smal matters and minutes of affaires that passed this yeare in the Provinces But Iulian having beene thrice Consul alreadie taking unto him â— Sallustius the Praefect in Gaule to the fellowship of wearing the Consulare robe entred himselfe that most honourable magistracie the fourth time And a strange noveltie it was thought to have a privat person joyned to the Emperour in that place of dignitie a thing that no man could remember done since Dioclesian and Aristobulus time And although he with carefull mind conceiving aforehand the varietie of accidents hastened forward with ardent desire the manifold preparations for the expedition yet distrusting mens diligence everie where and much desiring to propagat the memoriall of his Empire by some great workes hee intended with excessive cost to reedifie that sumptuous and stately temple in times past at Ierusalem which after many mortal skirmishes and assaults during the siege that Vespasian first and Titus afterwards layd unto it was with much adoe hardly forced and beaten downe And he gave the charge of dispatching the businesse with speed to Alypius of Antioch who sometime had beene deputie a governor of Britannie When as therefore the sayd Alypius was earnestly bent upon this affaire and the ruler of the province did set to his helping hand behold certaine fearefull flaming balls of fire issuing forth neere unto the foundations and making many terrible assaults consumed sundrie times the workemen and made the place unaccessable and by reason that this element still gave the repulse the enterprise was given over At the same time were sent from Rome unto the Emperour as embassadors noble personages of high birth and for their approved life and conversation knowne to be of good desert whom he honoured with sundrie dignities As for Apronianus he decreed that he should be Praefect of Rome and Octavianus Proconsul of Affricke to Venustus he committed the deputiship of Spaine and Rufinus Arabius he promoted to be Lieutenant generall of the East in the place of his uncle Iulianus late deceased Which affaires thus ordered as meet it was behold he was terrified with a certaine ominous signe that tooke effect as the event shewed most surely and with speed For by occasion that Felix the Treasurer sodainely dyed of a flux of bloud and the said Lieutenant Iulian followed streight after him the common sort having an eye to the publick titles and putting all together pronounced Iulianus Foelix and Augustus Now there had gone before another fearefull and adverse signe also For upon the verie kalends of Ianuarie as he went up to the temple of Genius whereto men ascend by stairs one of the colledge of priests more antient than the rest fell downe sodainely without any bodie thrusting him and with that casuall and unexpected fall yeelded up his ghost which the standers by whether for want of skill or upon a mind they had to flatter said did pretend some such accident unto the elder of the two Consuls and namely to Sallustius but as it appeared fore-shewed it was thereby That death approached not unto him that was more auncient in yeares but precedent in power and authoritie Besides these there were other smaller fore-tokens likewise which otherwhiles presaged that which happened For at the verie beginning of making preparation for this Parthicke expedition word was brought That Constantinople was shaken with an earth-quake which the skilfull Soothsayers in this kind pronounced to be no fortunat signe unto the ruler that was in hand with the over-running of another Princes Realme and therefore advised him to desist from this unhappie enterprise affirming That these and the like tokens thus farre forth and not otherwise ought to be contemned if there be invasion made by a forreine power for then this one rule abideth firme and perpetuall By all meanes to stand b upon our safeguard and defence all violence of death whatsoever notwithstanding At the verie same time intelligence was given unto him by letters That the propheticall bookes of Sybilla being by his commaundement perused and consulted with at Rome as touching this warre by a plaine answer forbad the Emperour that yeare to depart from his owne limits And yet among these occurrents the embassadours of many nations that promised their ayd after liberall entertainment had their dispatch and were sent home again with this answer of the prince proceeding from a brave confidence That it no wayes became the State of Rome to bee defended by helpe from strangers whose meanes meet it was should maintaine their friends and allyes in case they were driven upon necessitie to call for and crave their succour Onely Arsaces king of Armenia he warned to gather his puissant forces together and attend his will and pleasure as who should quickly know whereto he tended and what hee ought to urge and set forwrd Wherefore upon the first opportunitie that might stand with his advised considerat consultations making hast with a fore-running rumor to be seised of the enemies lands having before the
unto the river Cyrus Aspacuras requested at his hands That since they were cousin germanes and sisters sonnes they might raigne joyntly together alledging this for himselfe That he could neither surrender nor turne unto the Romane side because his sonne Vltus was kept still among the Persians as an hostage Whereof the Emperour being informed to the end he might by policie and wisedome appease the troubles which were like to rise from this affaire also condiscended to a division of Hiberia namely that Cyrus the river which ran through the middest thereof might divice it so that Sauromaces should hold for his part that side which bordered upon the Armenians and the Lazi and Aspacuras the other which bounded upon Albania and the Persians Sapor sore aggrieved hereat and crying out That indignitie was offered unto the articles of agreement in that contrarie to the tenor of the said covenant Armenia was succoured that the embassage which hee had sent about the redresse of this enormitie came to nothing and that without his assent and privitie concluded it was that the kingdome of Hiberia should be divided as if now the dores had beene fast locked against all friendship layed for the aid of the neighbour nations about him and put his armie in readinesse to the end that when the faire season of the yeare came about he might overthrow all that fabricke which the Romanes had framed for their owne behoofe THE XXVIII BOOKE CHAP. I. The most miserable state of Rome citie under Maximinus the Praefect whose parentage and rising is described WHiles this perfidious and disloyall dealing causeth in Persia as I have beforesaid unexpected troubles on the kings behalfe and warres revived in the East parts begin againe sixteene yeares and upward after the death of Nepotianus Bellona provoked upon very small occasions to the working of wofull calamities raged throughout Rome and set all in combustion which I would to God had beene for ever buried in silence least happily there be attempted sometime the semblable like to doe more harme by generall examples and precedents than by delinquencies And albeit from the exquisite narration of this bloudie hystorie feare might justly pull me backe many and sundrie causes duly considered yet presuming confidently upon the modestie of this present age I will summarily lay open every particular that is memorable Neither will I be loath and thinke much briefely to shew which of those accidents that have befallen unto ancient writers it is that I might feare In the first warre of the Medes when the Persians had spoyled Asia besetting the cities herein with huge and puissant forces yea and threatening the defendants thereof with terrible torments and dolorous death they brought the people thus shut up and besieged to this extremitie that they all sore afflicted with great and grievous calamities after they had killed their owne deare wives and children and throwne their mooveable goods into the fire cast themselves also by heapes after them striving a vie who might be for most in that commune flame that consumed them and their countrey together This argument soone after Phrynicus digested and penned in a swelling tragicall style and brought it upon the Stage in the Theatre of Athens and having for a while good audience with contentment when his high and loftie Tragoedie went on still and wrung forth many a teare the people supposing that he had insolently inserted these grievous afflictions also of theirs among Stage-playes not by way of consolation but in reprochfull manner to put them in mind of the miseries that their lovely citie and countrey supported with no helpes of protectors and defendors had sustained in heat of indignation condemned and confined him to Miletus For Miletus was a colonie of the Athenians transported and planted among other Ionians by Nileus the sonne of that Codrus who by report in the Dorique warre devoted himselfe to death for his countrey But let us come to our purposed historie Maximinus governour of Rome in times past in place of vice-Praefect was very obscurely borne at Sopianae a towne of Valeria and his father of no better calling than a clerke belonging to the Presidents office discended from the race of the Carpi whom Diocletian removed from out of their auncient habitations and brought over into Pannonia This Maximinus after he had bestowed some meane studie in the liberall Sciences and become a disnoble advocat and defendor of causes when he had also governed Corsica and Sardinia likewise ruled Thuscia From whence being advaunced to the office and charge of Rome-cities a purveyor for corne and victuals by reason that his successour stayed long in his journey kept in his hands still the rule of that province also And at the first he demeaned himselfe very circumspectly and wisely in three respects first for that the words were fresh and rife in his eares spoken by his father who was passing skilfull in that which the flight of Augurall fowles or the singing of birds fore-signified implying thus much That he should mount to high regiments but die in the end by the executioners hands Secondly because having gotten a man of Sardinia whom himselfe afterwards by deceitfull trecherie and craftie guile murthered as commonly the rumor ran one who was very cunning in raising hurtfull spirits and solliciting the presages of such ghosts and spectres fearing least so long as he remained alive he should be detected he was more gentle and tractable Lastly because creeping as he did a long time below like a serpent lying under the ground he could not as yet raise any great matters of bloudie and capitall consequence CHAP. II. The beginning of Maximinus his crueltie His Patron and his complices Without any words of vulgar persons mention is made of the punishments inflicted upon Marinus Cethegus and Alypius NOw the very beginning from whence he displayed and spred himselfe abroad arose upon such an occasion as this Chilo late a deputie Praefect and his wife named Maxima having complained unto Olybrius Praefect of the citie for that time being and avouching that their lives were assayled and endangered by poysons obtained at his hands a commission That the parties whom they suspected should forthwith be apprehended and clapt up fast in prison to wit Sericus an Organist or maker of instruments Asbolius a professor of wrestling and Campensis a b Soothsayer But whiles this businesse waxed coole by reason that Olybrius was visited with long and grievous sicknesse those aforesaid who had given information of these things beeing impatient of delayes preferred a petition and craved That the matter in controversie might be made over unto the Praefect of the victuals aforesaid for to bee examined accordingly Which for expedition sake was soone graunted Maximinus therefore having received matter to worke mischiefe upon discharged and uttered his inbred rigour that stucke close unto his cruell heart as oftentimes doe these savage beasts exhibited in the Amphitheatres
cause unto the Senat. Who finding by the equall ballance of justice how the case stood and thereupon confining him to Boae a place in Dalmatia could hardly endure the Emperours wrath who chafed mightily when hee understood that a man destined as himselfe intended to death had his punishment by a milder sentence For these and many such like examples the daungers seene in a few men begun to feare would light upon them And least if so many enormities being winked at and creeping on still by little and little there might grow whole heapes of miseries by vertue of a decree passed by the Nobilitie embassadors were dispatched unto the Emperour by name Pretextatus who had beene Prefect of the citie Venustus sometime deputie-Prefect and Minervius late a Consular Governor of a Province with this supplication That there should not bee inflicted punishment more grievous than the offences required and that no Senatour after an unexampled and unlawfull manner might be exposed unto tortures Who being admitted into the Consistorie when they made report of these particulars aforesaid as Valentinian denied that ever he ordained such a course and cryed out that he was traduced and sustained abuse Eupraxius the Questor in modest tearmes reproved him for it By whose libertie of speech that cruell proceeding thus begun which exceeded all precedents of rigour was reformed About this time Lollianus a young gentleman in the verie prime of his youth the sonne of Lampadius who had beene Prefect being by Maximinus who looked narrowly into his cause convicted to have copied forth a booke of divelish arts when by reason of yong yeres his head was not well stayed and upon the point to be sent into exile as it was feared at the motion and instigation of his father appealed to the Emperour And being commaunded to be led from thence unto his Counsell which was as they say out of the smoke in the flame was delivered over to Phalangius the governour of the province Baetica and lost his life by the hangmans hand Over and besides these Taratius Bassus afterwards Prefect of the citie and his brother Camenius likewise one Marcianus and Eusaphius all noble persons and of Senators degree were brought into question and had their triall for that as privie all to one and the same practise of sorcerie they were named to favour and make much of Auchenius the Chariotier but for that the evidences and proofes were as then but doubtfull they went away quit by the meanes and helpe of Victorinus as the running rumour went who was a most inward friend to Maximinus Neither escaped women free but had their part also no lesse in the like calamities For even of this verie sex were many of high birth put to death as guiltie of the foule crimes either of adulterie or whoredome among whom Claritas and Flaviana were of greatest name of which the one being led to execution they stripped so neere out of all her apparell wherewith she was clad that shee was not permitted to keepe about her so much as would suffice to cover her secret parts And therefore the executioner convicted to have committed a most lewd and shamefull fact was burnt quicke Moreover Pafius and Cornelius Senators both convinced to have polluted themselves with the damnable sleights of poisoning and sorcerie were by the definitive sentence of the same Maximinus put to death In like sort also the d Procurator of the Mint lost his life For Sericus and Asbolius afore named because in exhorting them to appeach and name in any place whom they thought good hee promised faithfully with an othe That he would commaund none of them to bee punished either by fire or sword he caused to be killed with the mightie pelts of e plumbets And after this he awarded Campensis the Soothsayer to the flaming fire for that in his affaire he was not tyed to any such othe And now convenient it is as I suppose to declare the cause that drave headlong upon his owne death and destruction Aginatius a man of noble auncestors descended according as it hath beene constantly reported For as touching this matter there be no evident records extant Maximinus whiles he was yet Prefect of the corne and victuals puffing and brawling still in a proud spirit of his owne and having gotten no meane instigations and incouragement of boldnesse proceeded so farre as to the contempt of Probus in the ranke of right honourable persons the greatest of all other and by vertue of the Prefecture of the Pretorium a governor of provinces Which Aginatius taking to be a mightie indignitie setting it also to his heart that in examining of causes Olybrius had preferred Maximinus before him considering himselfe had been deputie-Prefect of Rome secretly in familiar talke shewed unto Probus That the vaine man spurning as he did against persons of high desert might be overthrowne and brought to confusion if he thought so good These letters as some affirmed Probus sent making no bodie privie therto but the bearer unto Maximinus as standing in great feare of him growne now more cunning and expert in doing mischiefe and besides in grace and reputation with the Emperour Which when he had read the man fell into such a heat of rage that from thenceforth hee bent all his engines and levelled his bolts at Aginatius like to some serpent wounded and squized by a knowne person Beside this there was another greater cause of practising the overthrow of Aginatius the which brought him to utter destruction For he accused Victorinus now dead That whiles he lived hee had sold the friendship of Maximinus and gained by his proceedings by whose last will and testament himselfe had received no small legacies And in like malapert saucinesse he threatened his wife Anepsia to go to law and by litigious suits to molest her Who fearing these troubles to the end she might be protected also by the aid of Maximinus feined and devised That her husband in his wil which he lately made left unto him a legacie of three thousand pound weight in silver Who burning in excessive desire and covetousnesse for he was not without this vice also claimed the one moitie of the inheritance But not resting contented herewith as being but a small portion and nothing sufficient he devised another feat which as hee thought was both honest and safe and because he would not forgo his hold of so good meanes offered unto him to gaine a wealthie patrimonie he sued to have the daughter in law of Victorinus whom his wife Anepsia bare unto a former husband for to be his sonnes wife the which with the assent of the woman was soon obtained and concluded CHAP. IIII. The detestable sleights and practises of Maximinus that he might continue still in that butcherly execution of his now being created Prefectus Pretorio Divers successors after him in the Prefectship of the citie the last of whom exceedeth the crueltie
unto us in flesh and so sayth Suidas Others take it for the memoriall day of Christs Baptisme on which also the Catechumeni were baptized But by the circumstance of the moneth in this place I take it in the first signification e Apud signa The strongest place in battaile and campe both was called Principia where stood the Praetorium and there were the Standards Ensignes and Banners bestowed where also was the safest custodie of any committed to ward And that the Signa were in the maine battaile among the Principes or Principia it appeareth by this That they who were marshalled in the vaward be usually called Antesignani and those in the rereward Postsignani f The goddesse of Warre she is also named Enyio g How ever Praefectus Praetorio was an high Magistrate and secundus ab Augusto yet you must alwaies except the Consuls whose place and authoritie was peculiarly called Amplissimus Magistratus The Ensignes belonging to this Magistrate was especially the Purple or Scarlet Robe called Trabea insomuch as by a Metonymie it is in this Author put for the Dignitie it selfe as namely in the beginning of the 23. Booke Ascito in Collegio Trabeae Sallustio i. assuming Salustius to be fellow Consull with him As touching the Ensignes belonging to Praefect Praetorio see at the note upon Praefectus Vrbi h Largitiones curandas Have recourse to the note upon Comes Largitionum Domesticis See the Annotation upon Protectores i Legiones Constantiacae They tooke name of Constantius the Emperour who enrolled them k Iniectis Ponticulis The manner of putting foorth these little bridges out of towers and other fabrickes to the walls of a citie besieged you may see lively described and portrayed by Godescalcus Stenechius at the seventeenth Chapter of the fourth Booke of Vegetius l Cum parte validiori exercitus Vnderstand it of the Legionarie footmen in whom the Romanes reposed greatest confidence The like phrase our Author useth elsewhere and namely in the 15. Booke cap. 3. Arbetio Magister Equitum cum validiore exercitus manu where doubtlesse he speaketh of the Infanterie m Lancearij were souldiors of a Palatine Legion under the Generall of the Forces called Praesentalis haply of the Launces or Speares that they served with Some had the addition Stobenses of Stobium a towne in Macedonie others Augustenses of Augustus as Vegetius thinketh Lib. 2. Cap. 7. and divers denominations beside as you may read in Notitia n Mattiarij or Martiarij were auxiliarie forces so called of Mattium a towne in Germanie the Metropolis of the Catti where now Marpurgum standeth Laeti also were souldiors levied out of a people in Gaule so named and they served in divers nations whereupon they have sundrie additions Notitia Zosimus Howbeit Donatus Marcellus sayth they were so called of Mattia i. a Club or Maza a Mace such as Clavatores were in Plautus o These Iambicke verses are called Senarij because they consist of six single feet otherwise Trimetri for that they stand of three measures or duple feet for distinction of other Iambickes named Dimetri Tetrametri c. p Hermes a noble Philosopher Priest and King of Aegypt whom our writer calleth Ter-Maximus others Trismegistus in the same sence for that he was Philosophus Max. Sacerdos Max. Rex Maximus q Ecclesiasticall Writers and other Historians agree not with Marcellinus eyther in the age of Constantius or the yeares of his reigne or day of his death For some say he lived â—â— and reigned 2â— as Pomp. Laetus but evident it is in the 1â— Booke of this Historie and fourth chapter unlesse there be some notable fault in the copie that he had then reigned 30. yeares And Socrates sayth plainely he ruled 38. in all and lived â—5 So doth Sozomenus Howbeit I meane not to reconcile Historiographers about this point I attribute much unto Marcellinus for that he was 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 r s For the better unfolding of this place you shall understand that under the Rom. Emperours there were devised five degrees or rankes of dignities following one another in this order to wit Illustris Spectabilis Clarissimus Perfectissimus and Egregius albeit Notitia maketh no mention of this last and lowest The principall of all the rest as chiefe Senatours were tearmed Illustres and ten magistrates there were of this ranke Consuls Praefectus Praetorio Praefectus Vrbi Magistri Militum Magister Officiorum Quaestores Praepositus sacri cubiculi Comes Largitionum Comâ—s rerum privatarum Comes Domesticorum The middle sort of Senatours had the title of Spectabiles among whom were raunged tenne other Magistrats or Rulers namely Primicerius sacri cubiculi Primicâ—rius Notariorum Comes Castrensis Magister Scriniorum Proconsules Comes Orientis Praefectus Augustatis i. Aegypti Vicarij Comites Duces rei militaris Zâ—no also reckoneth Tribunus Notariorum to bee Spectabilis And these Spectabiles bee sometime confounded with Clarissimi The rest of the Senatours be styled Clarissimi and their dignitie Clarissimatus Such are Consulares i. Governours of Provinces so called for that they were adorned with Consular ornaments although they had not beene Consuls Correctores otherwise called Moderaâ—ores of Provinces and Presidents Likewise the Comites of a second degree such as had the government of the Provinciall Scholae Also Silentiarij otherwise called Decuriones Palatij Officers in the Emperours Court to see that all were quiet and no noisemade to trouble and disquiet the Prince c. These Clarissimi were otherwhiles tearmed Speciosi See more of them in Notitia as also of the priviledges and immunities graunted unto them and the other two degrees above them Next under these were raunged by Constantine the Great Viri Perfectissimi of whom Marcellinus here speaketh and to determine of them precisely they were in higher account than Equites Româ—ni although sometimes they also be styled Perfectissimi Thus were entituled the Governours of smaller Provinces as the Presidents of Arabia Dalmatia and Isauria The Procurators or Auditors under the Emperour called Rationales The Principals of the Scrinia of Comes Largitionum and his Comites in each Diocesse whom I take to be under-Treasurers And as there were three degrees of Comites so were there also of Viri Perfectissimi Egregij were such as out of Equestris ordo attained place of government in the State Such were the Emperours Scriniarij called also Tribuni Notarij whom I suppose to be under Secretaries Also the rulers of some provinces Their dignitie was called Egregiatus but now it is growne out of use Howbeit the moderne interpreters reckon Prelates Advocates of the Exchequer Doctors Knights and Gentlemen among Egregios But for that the handling of this matter of Precedencie is a ticklish point and offensive Verbum non amplius addam onely thus much of them and other titles it shall suffice what Lactantius writeth Nemo Egregius nisi qui bonus innocens fuerit nemo Clarissimus nisi qui opera
Sellacurulis A certaine chaire or seat of estate one of the regall ensignes at Rome belonging to the Kings afterwards to Consuls c. It was made of Ivorie Annotations and conjectures upon the 26. Booke a SIgna A place in the campe where the Aegle standerd and other militarie ensignes stood where the Tribunes and chiefe officers quartered and souldiors punished b The odde day which everie fourth yeare arising out of the six excrescent howers in each yeare maketh the leape yeare is called Bissextus which is occasioned hereby the 2â— of Februarie is the 6. day before the Kalends of March Now when this day commeth unto it and maketh 29. dayes of that moneth the day following the said foure and twentieth is the 6. day likewise before the Kalends and therefore they used to reckon that sixt day twice and the yeare thereupon is called Bissextilis and Intercalaris of the odde day put betweene c The imaginarie circle in heaven through which the Sunne and other Planets runne their race in twelve signes is called Zodiak of Zodion in Greeke a little living creature because those twelve signes are represented by certaine creatures as the Ram Bull c. d Intercalation is a putting betweene of a moneth or dayes thereby to defer or delay e Martenses were a companie of souldiors serving under Dux Armoricani tractus and Nâ—rvicani Notit They served in the marches and limits f Patricij were the Nobilitie of Rome and the Senators degree g Divitâ—nses Souldiors so called of Divitum or Divetum a Mediterranean or inland towne in Sicilie Tungritani or Tungricani of Tungri a towne in Secunda Germania h Pomponius Latus maketh mention of Constantia a daughter that Constantius Chlorus the father of Constantine had by his wife Theodora But I read not elsewhere of this Anastasia i Heliogabolus assumed unto him the firname of Antoninus unworthily as degenerating from that line and name which seven Emperours before him bare and himselfe was the last so stiled Ael Lamprid. k How Alexander Severus with his mother Mamâ—â—â— was killed see Aeâ—â—ilius Lamprid. l 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 That is to say a dart or javelin It seemeth it was a long narrow and strait passage m See a little before at the letter g. n To wit with yron hookes and beasts clawes o Phalaris a most cruell tyrant of the Agrigentines who devised a brazen bull to torment condemned persons in by making a fire under it causing them to frye within it and bellow like a bull But both the artisan Perillus who made this bull was for proofe of his handiworke by the tyrants commaundement tortured therein and Phalaris himselfe also in a commotion of the people worthily put into it and so ended his tyrannie p It may be collected that by Defensores are meant here certaine officers or Magistrats in Cities and great Provinciall Townes called Municipia which were Protectors of the Commons in them like as Tribuni Plebis among the Romanes for here is no mention made of besieging or assaulting this citie But if the reader will understand it of the defendants upon the walls and generally of the citizens that withstood a siege which here may be implyed I will not be against him Annotations and conjectures upon the 27. Booke a WHat Souldiours these Divitenses and Tungricani were hath beene shewed before b Armaturae signifieth a certaine militarie exercise in Vegetius whereto young souldiors were trayned by the Campiductores also light armours and the souldiors so trayned and so armed But I suppose in this place are meant a certaine Palatine Schola or companie of souldiours about the Emperour whereof Notitia speaketh and I have written somewhat before c Hastarij and Hastati were Pyke-men or Speare-men who in libera Repub. Romanorum fought in the vaward before the Principia as is to bee seene in Titus Livius everie where Howbeit in the later times of the Emperours and in Vegetius dayes Principes were marshalled in the vantguard and Hastati in the battaile and middle and even so much Amm. Marcell in one place seemeth to shew d That part of Tuscia or Tuscane which was more up-land into the countrey and therefore better for corne was so called for distinction from that which was Maritime e A part of Rome was seated on the other side of the river Tiberis and thereupon called Transtiberina regio f This hearbe because it delighteth to grow upon wals we commonly call Pellitarie of the wall for Parietarie The scoffe will fit those well that love to write their names on everie wall g h These were built by Constantine the Great Where note that howsoever Malleolus be by Marcellinus described elsewhere as a fire-dart or engine in warre yet here Malleoli be certaine bundles of tow drie stickes or such light fewell apâ— to take fire besmeared with pitch bitumen or such matter used to set houses on fire as Cicero chargeth Catiline with provision of them ad incendium urbis or to throw downe the walls upon enemies that are readie to assault or upon their engines and fabrickes We may in these dayes call them balls of wild-fire There is use of them also to kindle and make fire without such intent as we read how the Gothes kindled them ad Carraginem i. their campe or strength â—enced with their carts and carriage Am. Marcell lib. 31. i Of Bellona She is taken to be the same that Minerva according to that of Virgil Praeses Titonia belli See before â—k Of Magister Memoriae have recourse to the note before l As Comes was in dignitie before Dux so he is here set in the first place like as in the Notitia also he is called Comes Maritimi tractus for that he kept the coasts of the East side of the island like as the Lord Warden of the Cinque ports in these dayes Afterwards Comes limitis Saxonici per Britanniam was crected against the invasion of the Saxons who had then set foot on that side of the island and encroached farther m As Comes Maritimi tractus had the charge of the sea coasts so Dux Britannioe of the Mediterrancan and inland parts what forces and legions were under the one and the other yee may find in Notitia Occidentalis Imperis n Yet note that Dux hath a reference to the Marches of the Empire for the inland part of Britannie was neerer to the limits of the Empire than the sea coast whereof there was a Comes o Iovis either are the same that Ioviani before erected by Diocletian who named himselfe Iovius or else levied out of a nation in Gaule so called As for Victores they were haply souldidiors of Victrix legio that served in Britannie or tearmed of Victoria a place in Britannie as we find in Notitia or else so called boni ominis causa p Diocmitoe were light appointed horsemen and halfe armed for better expedition to pursue and follow in chase whereof they had that name q Meniana were buildings jutting forth into
b Among other Attributes given to Iupiter one was Xenius or Hospitalis the Superintendent as it were of guests and their entertainement So religious they were in old times that a guest once received should be inviolable according to that verse in Virg Aeneid 1. Iupiter hospitibus nam te dare iura loquuntur c This is that Fabricius Luscinus or Lucinus who was so poore because he contemned riches that his daughters as is beforesaid were maried with dowries out of the chāber of the citie d Who was slaine as he sat at supper by Perpenna his companion in the same faction Plutarch e Academia a shadie and woodie place a mile from Athens where Plato was borne and did first teach so called as Eupolis saith of Academus a god according to the verse 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Horace Atque inter sylvas Academi quaerere verum Hence it is that all famous Schooles of Learning and Vniversities be called Academies f Trebatius a renowmed Lawyer and familiar friend of Tull. Cic. as appeareth in his Epistles the rest also were deepe Lawyers in their time g Of his intemperat speech and railing upon Achilles you may read Homer Iliad β. That which Ammianus alludeth unto is this 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 wherin he compareth his prating to the untunable chattering of Choughes and Dawes h This is that Caius Gracchus of whom Tully writeth in his third booke de Oratore as also Fabius Quintilian cap. 10. lib. 1. Aulius Gell. lib. 1. cap. 11. That when he was to plead he had a man or Musitian that stood closely behind him with a little yvorie pipe such as they call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 thereby to put him in mind of raising or letting fall his voice i Some writers go cleare away with this opinion That Valentinian died of an Apoplexie But if wee conferre the nature of an Apoplexie with the manner of his disease and some other circumstances here put downe namely That Physicians and Surgeons were employed then in the cure of his souldiors sicke of the pestilence the firie heat that he was surprised and possessed with his deadly yexing gnashing of his teeth his laying about him with his arms last of al the blew spots appearing on his body we may the rather be induced to think he died of the plague k As for those passages which he calleth here Haemorrhoids they be certain veines in number five descending from the master veine called Cava or Chilis to the circle of the fundamēt or tiwill which for that they doe void bloud sometimes naturally or by art are opened and caused to bleed for avoiding of melancholie diseases be tearmed Haemorrhoids l Of this Milo his strength his strange death occasioned by the confidence of his own strong armes whiles he would assay to cleave the bodie of a tree that had a rift or chinke in it you may see more in Valer. Max. lib. 9. cap. 12. of whom the Poet Iuvenal also writeth thus Viribus ille Confisus perijt admirandi◠que lacertis m Comes praefuit rei Castrensi He was Generall of the Forces and not Comes Castrensis which was another officer in the time of the Emperors attending in court otherwise called Tricliniarcha in the daies of Alexander Severus under whom were the ministers and servitors of the Emperors house all save those of his Chamber as butlers carvers yeomen of the cellar wayters at the table c. going all under the name of Ministeriani and Castrensiani For the Emperours house is compared to Castra i. the campe and from thence borroweth many tearmes Habent n. Aulici as saith Tertullian militiae imaginem Vnder him were the Paedagogiani such as now wee tearme Pages and used to weare purple shoes c. like unto whom Ammian compareth Procopius when he was newly invested in his imperiall robes He used to goe before the Emperour with a golden Verge or Warder He was called in the later times Curopalata and as Pancirol upon Notitia sayth may be compared to the Major Steward or grand Seneschall of the kings house The Ensignes belonging to this office import as much as side Tables Cupboord Bason and Ewre Flagons c. By way of agnomination Marcellinus nick-nameth one Hyperechius apparitor Gastrensis for Castrensis ltb 26. cap. 10. n Artaxerxes as some thinke was a generall name in times past of the kings of Persia as now Sophi is This Artaxerxes called here Macrocheir is named in Latine to the same sence Longimanus for that one hand to wit the right was longer than the other and is thought to be the same that Assuerus in Hester the sonne of Xerxes See Iustin Coelius Rhodigin o p So called for that in running he had not his peere Of this argument read the pleasant digression of T. Livius Decad. 1. lib. 9. Annotations and conjectures upon the 31. Booke a This Baine tooke the name of Valens himselfe a By Trebellius Pollio he is named Divus Claudius and reigned presently after the 30 tyrants or usurpers in sundry parts of the Empire b Of Domesticorum Comes hath beene written before c Carrago was a fortification in manner of a campe that these Barbarians made fenced about with their carts whereupon it tooke the name Of the like Trebellius Pollio maketh mention in the Gallieni and Divus Claudius also Zosimus d Of the Cornuti somewhat hath beene written alreadie e Take Defensores here for the townsmen generally and not those magistrats of the people that be called Defensores f g h Of these Lancearij Mattiaci and Batavi see before i Pomponius Laetus writeth That he did this voluntarie according to the example of the auncient Decij sirnamed Mures who for their countrey exposed themselves to death k Cn. Scipio who with his brother Pub. died in Spain and his hap was to be burned within a tower T. Liv. 25. Florus He is otherwise called Cura or Curator Palatij Curopalata likewise and Comes Castrensis l As for Promoti they were a companie of souldiors so called for that they had been by certaine degrees for their good service promoted Pancirol in Notitiam m Of this notable overthrow of the Romans at Cannae wherein were slaine of Romans and Allies above 85000 men T. Livius reporteth in the second booke Decad. 3. n These Cylindri Vegetius calleth Taleae FINIS The Chronologie to Ammianus Marcellinus from the beginning of NERVA his Empire unto the death of VALENS Yeres of the world Yeres of our Lord Consuls Acts. Yeres of their Empire Yeres since Ro. foundat 4067 97 ¶ C Fulvius Valens C. Antistius IN this yeare on the 18. day of September was Domitian the Emperour slaine in the yeare of his age 45. 15 849    After him succeeded      NERVA COCCEIVS CAESAR AVG. PONT MAX. TR. PLEB PA. PATR the xiij Emperour and reigned one yeare foure moneths and ix daies Dion      From the beginning of his empire Ammianus
brethren and his mother a widdowe is left poore about seventeene yeres     of age Being eighteene yeeres olde in the dispersed Church of Alexandria laboured in the function of Catechizing and afterwards by Demetrius the Bishop of that citie was confirmed in the rowme of Clemens and many yeeres flourished      Severus in his journey to Alexandria made Lawes unto the Palestines under paine of grievous punishment forbade that any should be made Iewes and ordained the same as touching Christians   4174 204 ¶ P Septimius Geta. L. Septimius Plautianus the second time  11 956 4175 205 ¶ L. Fabius Cilo Septimius the second time M. Annius Libo For feare of persecution many Christians lie hidden in desert wildernesses Ecclesiast hist. 12 957 4176 206 ¶ M. Aurelius Antoninus the second time P. Septimius Geta.  13 958 4177 207 ¶ M. Nummius Ceionius Annius Albâ—us Fulvius Aemiliaous Severus translated the warre into Britanny and for to make the provinces which he had recovered more secure of the Barbarians incursions hee drew a rampire or wall one hundred thirtie and two miles in length from sea to sea But Polydor Virgil in his second Booke De Reb. Anglicis and in the life of Severus avoucheth that this worke was done almost 200. yeeres after 14 959 4178 208 ¶ M. Flavius Aper Q. Allius Maximus Tertullian a most witty and sharpe Disputer and a famous Divine wrote against Marcion This Tertullian in his Booke to Scapula sheweth that the Presidents of Provinces who persecuted the Christians went not away cleere and unpunished Also that Severus himselfe favoured Christians Cyprian as S. Ierome witnesseth in his Catalogue attributed so much unto Tertullians Writings that whensoever he called for the Booke thereof he usually said unto his Clerke or Notarie Give me hither my Master meaning Tertullian 15 960 4179 209 ¶ M. Aurelius Antoninus the third time P. Septimius Geta the second time  16 961 4180 210 ¶ Ti. Claudius Pompeianus Lollianus Avitus  17 962 4181 211 ¶ M. Acilius Faustinus C. Caesoâ—ius Macer Rufinianus  18 963 4182 212 ¶ Q. Elpidius Rufus Lollianus Gentianus Pompoâ—â—â—s Bassus In this yeere the fourth day of Februarie died the Emperour Septimius Severus when hee had lived three score and five yeeres nine moneths and twentie five daies vnto whom his sonnes were much deerer than his Subjects Vpon his death-bed he said unto his sonnes Agree together enrich the Souldiers despise all others Dio. This Prince whom his good fortune from a base condition had by the offices of learning and warrefare 1 964   by many degrees brought to the Imperiall dignitie was wont by report to say I have bin all but nothing booteth Spart      After him succeeded      M. Aurel. ANTONINVS CARACALLA the 23. Emperor of Rome who ruled yeeres 6. and moneths 2. and together with him his brother P. SEPTIMIVS GET A 1. yere 22. daies Herod Spart Dio.   4183 213 ¶ M. Pompeius Asper Asper Septimius Geta Emperour was by his brother Antoninus Caracalla slaine in the very bosome of his mother about the end of February Papinianus the Lawyer being commanded to excuse that murder refused saying That it was not so easie to excuse a parricide as to commit it This man therefore worthy of immortall praise was beheaded because he would not defend so wicked and abhominable a cause This Papinian was called the Sanctuary or Oracle of the Lawe out of whose Schoole many skilfull Lawyers have come 2 965 4184 214 ¶ Imp. Antonin Caracalla the fourth time P. Caelius Baldinus the 2. time Caracalla giveth order that aswell the friends as enemies of Geta should be killed Herodian 3 966 4185 215 ¶ Silius Messala Q. Aquil. Sabinus  4 967 4186 216 ¶ Aemilius Laetus Anicius Cerealis Baines were built at Rome of most curious and admirable workemanship The Emperours Court is stained and become infamous through many foule kindes of licentious lusts and bloody cruelty Dio. Spartianus 5 968 4187 217 ¶ Q Aquilius Sabinus he 2. time Sex Cornelius Aemillinus Antoninus Caracalla not able to bridlc and rule his fleshly lust taketh to wife his stepmother Spartianus 6 969    As he taketh a view of Alexandria and beholdeth it he assembleth all the youth of the city together and then by giving a watch-word and signall to his souldiers procureth them all to be cruelly massacred Herodian In certaine tumultuarie skirmishes hee vanquisheth the Gothes in the East Blondus   4188 218 ¶ Bruttius Praesens Extri atus Antoninus colorably pretendeth to marry the daughter of Articanus King of the Parthians And so having passed over Euphrates whiles the Parthians suspected no harme as who tooke him for a friend and their kings sonne in Lawe he put a great number of the Parthians to the sword Herodian 7 970    Antoninus Caracalla when hee had polluted himselfe with the blood of so many excellent men was slaine the 8. day of Aprill in the 29. yeere of his age Dio. Spartianus writeth that in the mid way between Carrae and Edessa what time as he went to warre again upon the Parthians he was stabbed with a dagger by a servitor of his who had mounted him on his horse backe and that by the means of a traine that Macrinus Praefect of the Praetorium had plotted against him who after him entred upon the Empire Caracalla saith Dio. never thought to do good because as himselfe confessed he never knew any goodnes      After Caracalla succeeded      OPILIVS MACRINVS the 24. Emperor     who reigned one yeere one moneth and 28. daies Eutrop Iul. Capitolin   4189 219 ¶ M. Opelius Antoninus Diadumenus Caesar the second time Adventus Artabanus King of the Parthians for this notorious iniury which he had received at the hands of Antoninus Caracalla with a puissant power invaded the Roman limits Whom Macrinus encountreth and for three daies fought fortunately But when newes came of Antoninus his death he maketh a league with the said king of the Parthians Herodian 1 671    The seventh day of Iune Macrinus the Emperour and Diadumenus Caesar were by the souldiers slaine      After them succeeded      M. AVRELIVS ANTONINVS HELIOGABALVS the five and twentieth Emperor a very monster made altogether of abhominable lusts and excessive cruelty He ruled three yeeres nine moneths and foure daies Dio. Lampr. Herodian Eutrop.   4190 220 ¶ Imp. Antoninus Heliogabalus the second time Sacerdos Thus Heliogabalus a slave enthralled to all lust and filthinesse demeaned himselfe as a woman and like a woman became wedded unto men His Teachers and Ministers of most lewd and wicked acts he advanced to honours whiles in the meane time hee thrust downe or murdred excellent persons Insomuch
liking     and favour unto him for his militarie strength yea he advanced and endowed him with many benefits but to his owne destruction and in trueth nourished as they say a Viper in his bosome For Maximinus was no sooner in a tumult of the souldiers saluted Emperour but hee commaunded Alexander and his mother Mammea to be killed This Maximinus was the very plague and baue of the Common-weale as one who went about to establish his Empire not with justice but with crueltie and tyrannie whomsoever it pleased him hee killed without audience given them to pleade for themselves hee thrust out of the Court deprived of goods and offices at his pleasure More rigorous and cruell to citizens and Subjects then to his enemies odious to all good men acceptable to the wicked for his cruelty oppression and exaction Capitolin Iornandes      Maximinus vanquished the Germans The friends of Severus hee caused cruelly to be murdered Capitolin Herodian   4207 237 ¶ Maximinus Augustus C. Iuliu Africaâ—us The sixt persecution against the Christians and especially against the Pastors of the Church was by this Cyclops raised Ecclesiast hist. 2 989    Then it was that Origen writ a Booke of Martyrdom   4208 238 ¶ P. Titius Perpetnus L. Ovinius Rustâ—cus Cornelianus Maximinus the Emperour in the 65. yeere of his age was together with his sonne murdered by his owne souldiers at Aquileia Their dead bodies in shamefull and reprochfull maner being cast out into the open streetes were left to be devoured of dogges and foules Their heads were pitched upon poles and sent to Rome where they yeelded a pleasant spectacle unto all men and at last by the people leaping for joy burnt in Campus Martius When the sonne of Maximinus was killed a crie was set up That of so bad a kinde there ought not to besaved so much as a whelpe There was not saieth Capitolinus a more cruell beast that lived upon the face of the earth such a confidence hee had in his owne strength as that hee thought hee could not possibly bee killed And when as for the goodly greatnesse of his bodie he beleeved in a maner that he was immortall there stepped up one in the Theater even in his presence who pronounced certaine Greeke verses to this effect 1 990    And he that cannot be killed by one is killed by many      An Elephant is bigge and yet is killed      A Lion is strong and yet is killed      A Tigre is strong but yet is killed      Take heede of many together if thou feare none severally      ¶ The two GORDIANS father and sonne being by the Armie in Affrike made Emperours for 36. daies and no more retained both life and dignitie For vanquished they were and slaine by Capellianus Prefect of the Moores When their death was knowne the Senate of Rome created PVPIENVS MAXIMVS and BALBINVS Emperours and by a new name stiled them EATHERS OF THE SENATE     These reigned together one yeere Herodian Capitolin      There happened so great an Eclipse of the Sunne that it was as darke at noone day as at midnight neither could any thing be done without candle light Capitolin   4209 239 ¶ M. Vlpius Crinitus C. Nonius Proculus Pontianus Pupienus Maximus and Balbinus were at Rome by the Praetorian souldiers killed in the time of the Capitoline Games Herodian 1 991    After them succeeded     M. ANTONIVS GORDIANVS the yonger who the yeere before was styled CAESAR and he reigned sixe yeeres It was a saying of his Miserable is that Emperour from whom true reports are kept Capitolinus   4210 240 ¶ Imp. M. Anton Gordianus M. Acilius Aviola Sabinianus in Africke raiseth sedition and rebellion against Gordianus whom Gordianus by the Praefect of Mauritania forceth to yeeld Capitolin 2 992 4211 241 ¶ Vettius Sabinus the second time Venustus  3 993 4212 242 ¶ Imp. Marc. Anton Gordianus the second time T. Claudius Pompeianus The Persian warre Gordianus espouseth the daughter of Misitheus a learned and wiseman of whose valiant service and politicke counsell in the Persian warre he had good proofe Capitolin 4 994 4213 243 ¶ C. Aufidius Vettius Atticus C. Asinius Praetextatus Gordianus openeth the Temple of Ianus marcheth against the Persians vanquisheth Sapor King of the Persians and regaineth many cities Capitolin Eutropius 5 995    There happened so great an Earthquake that itswallowed up many cities with their inhabitants Capitolin   4214 244 ¶ C. Iulius Apriauus Aemilius Papus Misitheus Praefect of the Praetorium dieth In whose place was ordained Philippus Arabs who being forgetfull of a benefit received by Gordianus attempted with wicked and cursed devises to hoist him out of his Emperiall seate Capitoliu 6 996    Argunthis King of the Scythians wasteth the borders of the Roman Empire Capitolin   4215 245 ¶ Peregâ—inus Fulvius Aeâ—ilianu◠¶ After that GORDIAN was by the souldiers slaine in the moneth of March M. IVLIVS PHILIPPVS ARABS governed as Emperor together with PHILIPPVS his son 5. yeeres certaine moneths Eutrop. Victor This Philippus Arabs was the first Roman Christian Emperour And Eusebius reporteth of him that on Easter day the Bishop would not admit him to the Lords Supper before that among others confessing their sinnes hee stood up in the Church and shewed tokens of repentance 1 997 4216 246 ¶ Imp. Mare Iulius Philippus T. Fabius Titianus New heresies sprung up in Arabia which Origen suppressed for spreading further Ecclesiast hist. 2 998 4217 247 ¶ Bruttius Praesenâ— Nummius Albinus  3 999 4218 248 ¶ Imp. M. Iulius Philippus the second time Philippus Caesar his sonne This being the thousandth yeere after the foundation of Rome was by Philippus solemnized with great games and starely plaies Some reckon this solemnity in the yeere following under the third Consulship of PHILIPPVS 4 1000   As touching this celebrity of Sports see Capitolinus   4219 249 ¶ Imp. M. Iulius Philippus the third time His sonne Philippus Caesar the second time  5 1001 4220 250 ¶ Fulvius Aeâ—ilianus Vettius Aquilinus Both Philips Emperours are by the souldiers killed 1 1002    After whom succeeded      GN MESSIVS QUINCTVS TRAIANVS DECIVS who reigned with his sonne DECIVS CAESAR two yeeres and certaine moneths      The Parthians invade Armenia and possesse themselves of it having put Tyridates the King to flight and taken his sonnes into their hands upon submission Pomp. Laetus   4221 251 ¶ Imp. Traianus Decius August the second time Maximus Gratus ¶ The seventh Persecution of the Christians set on foote by DECIVS which like unto some cruell tempest swallowed
giveth the Romans an overthrow Zosimus 16 110 4323 353 ¶ Imp. Constantius August the sixt time Fl â—onstantius Gallus Caesar the second time Magnentius vanquished in Gaule by Constantius slew himselfe Decentius his brother being Caesar was his owne hangman Desiderius submitteth himselfe Constantius assumeth the joint Empire of East and West At Arles he exhibiteth Games and Plaies Being by the Arians solicited he sommoneth a generall Cnuncell to be holden at Millaine Zosim Zonaras Sigon 17 110 4324 354 ¶ Imp. Constantius Augustus the seventh time Fl. Constantius Gallus Caesar the third time Here Am. Marcellinus beginneth the foureteenth booke of his Storie the first of those eighteene which are left of the one and thirty and containeth the acts of six and twenty yeres which he reporteth at large whereof solloweth a Briefe 18 114    Constantius whiles hee intendeth his warre against the Lentienses Almans causeth Gallus Caesar who in the East committed foule and wicked facts to be brought unto him and commandeth that hee should be killed in I-stria And after this hee vanquisheth the Almans Am. Marcell lib. 14. 15. cap. 1 2 3.   4325 355 ¶ Fl. Arbetio Mavortius Lollianus Silvanus usurping the Empire in Gaule is slaine Am. lib. 15. cap. 1 2 3. 19 1104    Constantius ill affected unto Athanasius banisheth Liberius out of Rome Amm. lib. 15. cap. 6.     * his owne uncles sanne Constantius declareth Iulianus brother of Gallus and Constantines * brothers sonne Caesar cap. 7. and affianceth his sister unto him in marriage cap. 8.   4326 356 ¶ Imp. Constanti us Augustus the eight time Iulianus Caesar Iulianus marcheth into Gaule against the Almans lib. 16. cap. 1. c. Constantius entreth Rome after a triumphant maner and vievverh it in foolish wise hee wondereth at it and being affrighted goeth his waies and leaveth it cap. 5. 6. 20 110 4327 357 ¶ Imp. Constantius Augustus the ninth time Iulianus Caesar the second time Iulianus in a bloody battaile before Argentoratum overthroweth and defeateth the Almans taketh their King Chonodomarius prisoner and sendeth him to Rome Hereupon arose the grudge and displeasure of Constantius against Iulian. Am. Marcell lib. 16. cap. 7 8 9 10 11 12 13. 21 1109 4328 358 ¶ Dacianus Neratâ—us Cerealis Iulianus restraineth the Almons Frankes and other 22 1110   neighbour Nations making tumults in sundry places and forceth them to keepe quiet Lib. 17. cap. 1. 2. 8. 9. The Persians Embassage Ca. 6. A dreadfull Earthquake which shooke mountaines and many towns of Asia Macedonia and Pontus Cap. 7. Constantius subdueth the Sarmatians and Quadi The Sarmatian slaves he defeateth in battaile The Picenses and Limigantes upon their humble supplication hee reduceth into their auntient habitations and thereupon is styled Sarmaticus Cap. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.   4329 359 ¶ Eusebius Hypathius Iulian wearieth the Almans and forceth them to crave peace Lib. 18. cap. 1. 2. 23 1111    The warre is kindled betweene the Persians and Romans in the beginning whereof Constantius is grievously foiled cap. 4. 5. 6. 7. The former acts and occurrents of this warre and the flight of the Roman troupes cap. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Amida a most strong towne is by the Persians assaulted and after much losse on both sides forced and wonne lib. 19. cap. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Great dearth of corne and victualls in Rome cap. 9. Constantius putteth to the sword the Limigantes of Sarmatia who rebelled cap. 10. Constantius cruelly proceedeth by the meanes of one Paulus his Notary or Secretary against those that sought unto Oracles and were given to the superstitions of the heathen An horrible monster was seene at Antioch The Isaurians making a commotion are by Lauritius appeased cap. 11. 12.   4330 360 ¶ Imp. Constantius Augustus the ninth time Iulian. Caesar the third time A memorable Eclipse of the Sunne in the East empire lib. 20. cap. 2. Iulian in Gaule is stiled Augustus With what cunning sleight this was brought about Am. Marcellinus laieth open in the twentieth booke cap. 3. 4. 5. 9. The fortunate successe of the Persians in the East against the Romans cap. 6. 7. 8. The attempts of Constantius against Iulianus and the Persians take no effect cap. 10. 11. 12. 13 Iulian represseth the Athuarij a nation of the Frankes cap. 10. 24 1112 4331 361 ¶ Fl. Taurus Fl. Florentius Iulian desirous to overthrow Constantius embraceth the study of unlawfull and forbidden Arts and for the time maketh semblance of Christianitie lib. 21. cap. 1. 2. Certaine Almaine traitors he chastiseth cap. 3. He purposeth to make open warre upon Constantius cap. 4. The memorie of Constantinus Magnus he traduceth and penneth an Invective against Constantius cap. 8. Hee besiegeth Aquileia which was intercepted by Constantius his Legions and in the end winneth it cap. 9. 10. Constantius being freed from the Persian warre taketh armes against Iulian whom he termeth a Rebell But in the way when he was come to Tarsus he died the third day of November cap. 11. 12. 13. Iulian hearing of Constantius his death commeth out of Moesia to Constantinople fetleth the affaires of the State Impiously hatefully and craftily he dealeth against Christ and the Christians A most foule sight and view of Iulians court and army both lib. 22. cap. 1. 2. 3. 25 1113 4332 362 ¶ Fl. Mamertinus Fl. Nevita IVLIANVS is now Augustus and Emperour alone He maketh his abode at Antioch A professed enemie of true religion Christian Grammarians and Rhetoricians hee debarreth from reading in Schooles lib. 22. cap. 9. 10. Great personages that were his adversaries and opposites he maketh away the seditious Alexandrines who had murdered Georgius the Arian Bishop he mildely intreateth cap. 11. Addicted to magicke arts he addresseth himselfe to the Persian warre and writeth against the Antiochians Certaine prodigious signes are seene and an Earthquake hapneth whereby Nicomedia is overturned cap. 12. 13. 1 1114 4333 363 ¶ Imp. Iulianus August the fourth time Secundus Sallustius Promotus Iulian goeth about in vaine to reedifie the Temple of Ierusalem lib. 23. cap. 1. Hee maketh a journey into Persia cap. 2. c. With a most puissant armie he entreth Persia Anatha is yeelded unto him and after many warrelike expeditions he winneth Maiozamalcha libr. 24. cap. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7 c. 2 1115    Being skared with an ominous signe leaving the siege of Ctesiphon and wearied together with his whole armie with the distemperature of the aire and the soile forced he is to alter his journey cap. 11. 12. At the last after certaine skirmishes and battailes fought forgetting to take his cuirace and hasting to fight he was mortally wounded by an unknowne person and within a while after yeelded up his vitall breath in the two and thirtieth yeere of his age the six and twentieth day of Iune lib. 25.