SOME IMPROVEMENTS TO THE ART of TEACHING Especially in the FIRST GROUNDING OF A YOVNG SCHOLAR in Grammar Learning Shewing a Short Sure and Easie way to bring a Scholar to Variety and Elegancy in Writing Latine Written for the Help and Ease of all Vshers of Schools and Country School-Masters and for the Use and Profit of all Younger Scholars The Second Edition with many Additions By WILLIAM WALKER B. D. Author of the Treatise of English Particles Fundamento tota domus nititur Cic. LONDON Printed by J. M. and are to be sold by Tho. Sawbridge at the Three Flower-de-luces in Little Britain 1676. IMPRIMATUR Tho Tomkyns RR imo in Christo Patriac Domino Dom. Gilberto Divinâ Providentiâ Archi-Episcopo Cantuariensi à Sacris Domesticis TO THE RIGHT REVEREND FATHER IN GOD WILLIAM By Divine Providence Lord Bishop OF LINCOLNE My very good Lord and Diocesan WILLIAM WALKER Rector of Colsterworth wisheth all happiness both temporal and eternal My Lord THis is an Age of Projects and Experiments much is done both ways as well in Speculative as Practical Arts and Sciences No wonder therefore if amongst the rest of the busie-headed and busie-handed ones I also have busied both my head and hand to be doing something though all I could do were but like Diogenes to rumble my Tub up and down the streets and keep others from sleeping at noon day Example though it be no irresistible Compeller unto action yet is a very powerful Perswader unto imitation Here I do with all humility offer to your Lordships hand and by that as that which will be its best recommendation unto the World something both of Project and of Experiment in that part of Literature wherein my self have for the most of my time been more or less conversant which is The Grounding of a young Scholar in Grammar Learning That I dedicate it to your Lordships Name many are the inducements that draw me to it To say I do it to welcome your Lordship into this your Diocess by an honourary testification to the World of my joy for the coming of a Bishop among us from whose Presidency over us so many good things do promise themselves to us and do seem like golden Apples from a laden bough to bend down toward us and court their acceptance from us and even ready to drop themselves upon us this alone were a competently fair account thereof Those Primitive Episcopal Vertues in your Lordship whose bright emanations from you like beams from the Sun do irradiate your Diocess to the chearing and comforting of the hearts of all the Sons of true Piety and Honour in it and to the obliging of all persons who have in themselves any sense of and are capable of being obliged by anothers Goodness both are of worth to deserve and of power to command a much more noble Gratulation than this Dedication can possibly amount or dares indeed aspire unto Honour to your Lordship 't is a debt which all men owe to your Vertue and which I this way chuse to pay because 't is not only the best but the properest if not the onliest way that I have to pay it But though this be the first and my most noble inducement yet there are others which do sway very much with me also This is one that as your Lordship doth excel in the highest and most noble parts of Literature so you have great skill in this also though less noble and less honoured yet no less useful no less necessary part of it and so are the better able to take the true measure of and to give the right judgment upon my design in this Manual It is a comfort to a Writer to have a judicious Patron to countenance his Work that being the first thing that bespeaks his entertainment as an Author into the World Another and I shall trouble your Lordship with no more is this that it seemed a most suitable thing in me then to dedicate a Book of the Grounding of a young Scholar in Grammar Learning to your Lordship when your Lordship was just a designing the setting up of a Grammar School in the City of Lincoln the place of my Nativity and Education for the Grounding of young Scholars therein Wherein you shew your self a right Wise Master-builder and so the fitter to be ordained a Repairer to the ruines of this decayed Church for to see that the Churches foundation be rightly laid is the way to have its Superstructures long to hold and the School is the properest place for the laying of the first stones of the Churches foundation in Towards which as it is my desire so it will be my honour and shall be my happiness to be serviceable in any way in any measure and under any capacity though it be but that of the meanest under-server If I may but fetch though I cannot fit materials for the work or if I may but hew stones and temper morter though I be not able yet to lay a stone in the building it will be a very great satisfaction and no less a contentment to me And now that I be not unpardonably tedious in the address of so little a Present to so great a Patron I shall beg your Lordships pardon for the boldness of this attempt and beg of God for your Lordship length to your days health to your person success to your designs and a blessing upon your labours that the work of the Lord may prosper in your hands to his glory your honour and the good of this Church both in this present and in the future ages of it And so rests Colsterworth Decem. 1. 1668. Your Lordships most humble Servant WILL. WALKER THE Preface to the Reader Courteous Reader HAving spent many years of my Life in the exercise of Teaching Scholars and having in that time travelled much to find out by what means I might improve the Art of Teaching especially in that part of it which is most necessary to be well minded and yet of all other the most neglected which is the very First Grounding of the Scholar and laying the Foundation of all his future attainments and having by searching found out something conducible to that end and seen the usefulness thereof in the experiencing of it to the intent I might save others somewhat of the labour which that search had cost me and help them in that way from which I was called off by my Ministerial Imployment to other Studies I did after I had left off to be a Publick School-master throw into these Papers those advices and counsels to the industrious Teacher those helps and furtherances to the studious Learner which now I expose to publick view and which if diligently perused and made use of will by the blessing of God very much ease the trouble of the one and not a little promote the profiting of the other so as that the one shall follow his Teaching with delight and the other proceed in his Learning with comfort and
shout he let us sleep walk ye let them ride Passive Be thou ruled let him be broken be w◠held be ye bound let them be scourged Be thou loved be he feared let us be tamed be ye enriched be they advanced * And sometime when this Sign it or there cometh before the English of the Verb as Est liber meus It is my book Venit ad me quidam There came one to me It is a horse there was a mare it is night it was day There blows wind there falls rain there comes a man there went a woman It is I it was thou It had been he it may be we it might be ye it shall be they †Yet it is not necessary that in all these Cases the Nominative be always set after the Verb for tu eras may as well be said as Eras tu Liber est as Est liber Potential Mood Present Tense I may command thou mayst intreat he may weep we may laugh ye may fight they may overcome I may be touched thou mayst be tickled he may be burned we may be buried ye may be covered they may be concealed Preterimperfect Tense I might say wouldst thou believe should he read we ought to learn Could ye see they should think Should I be commended thou wouldst be dispraised Ought he to be despised we should be blamed Ye would be condemned ought they to be punished Preterperfect Tense I might have thought thou wouldst have believed he should have said we ought to have understood ye should have perceived they would have pronounced I should have been afflicted thou wouldst have been bewailed he ought to have been vexed we should have been freed ye would have been oppressed they ought to have been warned Preterpluperfect Tense I had felt thou hadst feared he had needed we had believed ye had come they had gone I had been compared thou hadst been preferred he had been refused we had been chosen ye had been accepted they had been rejected Future Tense I shall have eaten you will have drunk he will have spoken we shall have sinned ye will have sorrowed they shall have repented I shall have been said thou shalt have been seen he shall have been fed we shall have been filled ye shall have been honoured they shall have been feared †Examples where Nouns are the Nominative Cases and first Nouns Substantives Proper Peter sleepeth Paul prayeth Joseph ariseth Mary runneth Thomas doubteth John believeth Elizabeth rejoyced Lydia did hearken Caesar fought Pompey fled Cicero hath intreated Cato had resisted Antony shall drink Ovid will write The Horaces kill The Curiaces are killed The Decius's died The Fabius's were slain The Romans have conquered The Parthians have been vanquished The Persians will flye The Macedonians shall pursue The Arabians shall be affrighted The Aegyptians will be destroyed Doth George speak Did Thomas hear Hath Edward taught Had Richard learned Will Robert profit Weeps Cleopatra Sighs Helena Do the Trojans mourn Did the Grecians sing Have the Athenians fought Had the Lacedemonians fled Will the Gauls be beaten Shall the Spaniards be quieted Would the Hunns have been drowned Might the Scythians have been tamed Could the Carthaginians have been destroyed Should the Italians have been enriched Ought the Brittons to have been robbed Secondly Nouns Substantives Common And first without any Particle annexed Fire burneth wood is burned night hideth day discloseth winter wasteth spring draweth on summer approacheth harvest is ended Wine is drunk bread is baked meat is eaten flesh is roasted corn is sown hay is mown Doth gold glister Did silver ting hath brass rusted will glass break Is Iron heated was lead melted hath copper been beaten had tin been run shall pewter be scoured Milk is curded cream is strained butter is churned cheese is pressed curds are sweetned cheese-cakes are baked trees grow flowers smell leaves shoot apples ripen pears hang plums fall berries rot Bought are shaken cherries are picked walnuts are dashed small nuts are gathered shells are cracked kernels are eaten Swans sung cocks crowed hens cackled chickens cheaped pies chattered Men fought women scolded boys wrastled girls scratched children cryed servants laughed Let Knaves be cudgelled let Rogues be scourged let beggars be whipped let drunkards be fined let thieves be hanged let rebels be beheaded Should scolds be ducked would whores be shamed ought whore masters to be gelded could adulterers be branded Travellers will talk Souldiers will brag Lawyers will wrangle Merchants shal complain Scholars will dispute fools will prate Have eyes seen have ears heard have noses smelt have tongues tasted have hands felt Hath musick pleased had learning flourished will honour be sought shall vertue be honoured will vice be punished Arts are learned ignorance is banished servants are beaten slaves are sold much is spoken little is minded nothing is done all is lost Secondly with the Particle a annexed A dog barketh a thief trembleth a lion roared a hare started a partridg flew a hawk pursued a sword hath cut a spear hath pierced a mouse had slept a cat had watched a bird will flie a fish will swim Is a pen made was a book written hath a penknife been whetted had a line been drawn will a blot be wiped out shall a whetstone be rubbed may a sponge be squeezed Thirdly with the Particle the annexed The Father doth sing the mother laugheth the child playeth The young man leaped the old man danced The Lamb doth frisk the Ew did bleat the Bull hath lowed the Ox had laboured the Sow shall farrow the Pig will squeak The Hog is fatted the Heifer was killed the Deer hath been hunted the Horn had been winded the huntsman will be wearied the hunting shall be ended Is the King crowned were the Rebels vanquished have the Souldiers been honoured had the Rebels been subdued will the Citizens be oppressed shall the Country men be burdened Let the Fathers command let the Children obey let the Commanders direct let the Souldiers fight The Husbands may labour the Wives should care the Servants should work the Children could play The Swall ws may have come the Woodcocks might have staid the Cranes shall have departed Examples where a Noun and a Pronoun come together which is called in Grammar Evocatio ¶ Cum prima vel secunda persona immediatè ad se evocat tertiam ambae fiunt primae vel secundae personae ut Ego pauper laboro Tu dives ludis I John see Thou Peter talkest We Edwards run Ye Richards stand I a Father speak Dost thou a Child hear We Shouldiers fight Do ye Citizens flie I the Man will go Do thou the Woman stay We the poor labour Ye the rich laugh We Apples swim Ye Stones do sink Let us Cocks crow Do ye Hens cackle We loaves be cut Ye Eggs be broken We Old men do talk Ye Young men do work Do we young men work Do ye young men work I Sun do shine Thou Moon didst blush We Stars sang Ye Heavens did rejoyce I a
his opinion The wisest of them all is not much wiser than any of us Some of you said it else I had not believed it Of those causes let us see of what force each every one may be Of the Souldiers every one received from the Captain ten Crowns The Master gave to every one of his Scholars ten Apples Some of us are rich and some of us are poor as it pleases God Whosoever of us pleases God in this world shall be happy in the world to come Of all men living there is none whom I love more than you None of your Sisters is a fit wife for my Brother He alone of all the Philosophers was by the Oracle judged to be a wise man It was ill done of the father to leave his son behind him in the middle of the Mountains Of all these things my father knew nothing at all Many of those pages were written with mine own hand He came to Rome attended with but very few of his friends Of Wools the black will take no other hue Of Fleshes the white are the most tender most sweet and most wholesom One of my Sisters is deeply in love with your Brother Of the three Elephants two were old ones the third younger Of the ten Virgins five were wise and five were foolish Of the men slain that day in the Battel a thousand were Romans the rest Barbarians I will visit you to morrow with three of my brethren and four of my servants attending on me Of the Judges six gave it for me one against me You had better be the last of the Gentlemen than the first of the Clowns Of the Sons of Adam Cain was the first Abel the second Seth the third ¶ In alio tamen sensu Ablativum exigunt cum Praepositione ut Primus ab Hercule Tertius ab Aenâ—◠†â—â—is Exceptive Rule concerns Ordinal Numerals not taken Partitively but only denoting order of succession or place Enoch also the seventh from Adam prophesied of these Jude 14. I am the third from John and Thomas is the fourth from me ¶ In alio verò sensu Dativum ut Virg. Nulli pietate secundus †The sense of this Exception seems to be that Ordinal Numerals and however this particular one secundus as it signifies inferior unto or short of is construed with a Dative Case I shall scorn to be second to you in any Christian vertue or Scholar-like praise Your beauty is so far from being inferiour to all that it is second to none ¶ Usurpantur autem cum his Praepositionibus E de ex inter ante ut Ovid. Est Deus è vobis alter Id. Solus de superis Virg. Primus inter omnes Id. Primus ibi ante omnes magnâ comitante catervâ Laocoon ardens summâ decurrit ab arce Which of you convinceth me of sin That sowr Philosopher is one of the Stoicks Of the three things that was the second Of my two sons the elder is well the younger sick In prosperity he seemed one of the fortunatest men in adversity one of the gallantest men That proud Peacock that stalks so majestically now but a while ago was one of the Commonalty Of those wise men the one was always laughing and the other crying Of the other Bees the little one is the best It is not well that of Divines you alone should be of this opinion You only have I known of all the families of the earth therefore will I punish you for all your iniquities That is a good Boy indeed that is first at School every morning before all his School fellows Among all the Greek Poets Homer is the chief as Virgil is among the Latine and among the Latine Orators Cicero is the prime as Demosthenes is among the Greek ¶ Interrogativum ejus redditivum ejusdem casûs temporis erunt ut Quarum rerum nulla est satietas Divitiarum Quid rerum nunc geritur in Anglia Consulitur de religione When a question is asked the answer in Latine must be made by the same Case of a Noun Pronoun or Participle and by the same Tense of a Verb that the question is asked by as Cujus est fundus Vicini Quid agitur in ludo literario Studetur Who loves God most He that serves him best Who subdued the greatest part of the world in twelve years time Alexander King of Macedony Whose is this book William Lowthers To whom are you to give that book To my Master Whom do you love above all God Whose workmanship are you Gods With what a mind are you to serve God With a pure one In what doth true piety consist In holiness and righteousness What things is there no either pleasure or profit in In iniquity and sin What do the blessed Saints in Heaven do They admire and adere God and live happy in the enjoyment of him What did Jesus Christ to redeem the World He laid down his life for it and suffâ—red the painful shameful and accursed death of the Crosâ— Have you learned the holy Bible all by heart yet I have not yet learned it all but yet I have got a good deal of it without book Which part of the Bible do you think most necessary for a Child to learn first Christs Sermon upon the Mount What had you suffered if Christ had not redeemed you Had not Christ redeemed me I had suffered eternal death What will you do for him that has so loved you as to lay down his life for you I will love him with all my heart and I will serve him with all my might and I will honour him with all my estate †This Construction may be called the Fifth Concord ¶ Fallit haec regula quoties Interrogatio fit per Cujus ja jum ut Cujum pecuâ— Laniorum Except a question be asked by Cujus ja jum as Cuja est sententia Ciceronis Whose is that Sheep Aegons Whose daughter did your brother marry A Merchants Whose opiâ—ion is most followed in the Schools Aristotles Whose doctrine do you like best in the Church Christs ¶ Aut per dictionem variae Syntaxeoâ— ut Furtine accusas an hâ—micidii Utroque Or by a word that may govern divers Cases as Quanti emisti librum Parvo What doth Cicero accuse Verres of Of many and grievous crimes What crime are you condemned for The same that you are Was he acquitted of felony or manslaughter Of neither What sold you your horse for For five pound What did your hat stand you in Small How much is vertue esteemed now adays Very much ¶ Fallit denique cum per possessiva meus tuus suus c. respondendum est ut Cujus est hic codex Meus Or except I must answer viz. to a question made by an Interrogative in the Genitive Case by one of these Possessives Meus tuus suus noster vâ—ster as Cujus est domus Non vestra sed nostra Whose horse do you ride on Mine own Whose ground do
these huâ—bandmen plow up Their own Whose man was that that was here even now Ours Whose Orchard fruit is best liked in the Town â—â—urs Whose money doth he so liberally give to the poor His own Whose company dost thou love above any Thine ¶ Comparativa Superlativa accepta partitivè Genitivum unde genus sortiuntur exigunt Nouns of the Comparative and the Superlative Degree bâ—ing put partitively that is to say having after them this English of or among require a Genitive Case as Aurium mollior est sinistra Of the ears the left is the softer Cicero Oratorum eloquentissimus Cicero the most eloquent of Orators The elder of the young men is like to come to a good estate and the younger is like to prove a good Scholar The taller and thicker of the Oaks as bâ—ing fitter for work must be out down Kill the fatter of the Capons to supper and let the other alone till he be fatter Of all the Philosophers Plato is esteemed the most elegant as of all Orâ—tors Cicero is judged the most eloquent He is the best of friends that flatters least in prosperity and comforts most in adversity Of smells the strongest is not always the wholesomest of flowers the fairest is not always the sweetest and of men the richest is not aways the happiest nor of â—cholars are the most learned always the most wise †Note 1. The Genitive Case after a Superlative put Partitively is supposed to be governed of è numero understood by an Ellipsis Note 2. The Superlative doth not always agree in Gender with the Genitive Case that he governs but often with the Substantive foregoing whereof the speech is Hence Cic. Indus qui est omnium fluminum maximus Plin Modus rerum omnium utilisstmus and Horâ—eum frugum omnium mollissimum est ¶ Comparativum autem ad duo Superlativum ad plura refertur ut Manuum fortior est dextra Digitorum medius est longissimus Of my feâ—t the left is the weaker and of my arms the right is the stronger Of my eyes the right is the clearer and of my cheeks the left is the fairer Of two goods the bigger is the better and of two evils the lesser is the better Of Latine Orators Cicero is the most eloquent as of Greek Poets Homer is the most excellent Of the three most noble Grâ—ces which are Faith Hope and Charity the greatest is Charity Of the Senses Seeing is the most useful and Touching the most necessary †Some will not allow this distinction and bring examples to disprove it Such as that of Plaut Regum rex regalior and that of Plin. Adolescentiores apum ad opera exeunt The point is disputable but I shall not dispute it Only I say that in Plaut Regum may mean but two Kings and in Plin Apum may mean two sorts of Bees the elder and the younger ¶ Accipiuntur autem Partitivè cùm per E Ex aut Inter exponuntur ut Virgilius Poetarum doctissimus id est ex Poetis vel inter Poetas Being put Partitively that is to say having after them this English of or among Of or among praises that of vertue is the greatest Of Scholars or among Scholars the most humble the most diligent and the most quiet is the most commendable Of or among all books the Book of God is the best for a young man to read Of all University studies the study of Ethicks is the most excellent Among colours green is the most pleasing to a weak eye Rainy weather is in my thoughts the worst of all to travel in A good conscience is the most valuable possession of all others ¶ Comparativa cùm exponuntur per quà m Ablativum adsciscunt ut Horat. Vilius argentum est auro virtutibus aurum id est quà m aurum quà m virtutes Nouns of the Comparative Degree having than after them do cause the word following to be the Ablative Case as Frigidior glacie More cold than Ice Health is better than silver and Grace more precious than gold Better is the rebuke of a friend than the flattering of an enemy What is sweeâ—er than honey or what is stronger than a Lion what whiter than snow or what hotter than fire †Note If quà m be made in Latine for than then the Substantive following is to be of the same Case with the foregoing as Vilius agrentum est quà m aurum vilius est aurum quà m virtutes ¶ Adsciscunt alterum Ablativum qui mensuram excessûs significat ut Cic. Quantò doctior es tantò te geras submissiús Nouns of the Compatative Degree having by after them do cause the word following to be the Ablative Case as Doctior multò Better learned by a great deal Uno pede altior Higher by a foot You are tâ—ller than I by the head and shoulders I am older than you by seven years In your Poem one Verse is shorter than another by one syllable My staff is an inch longer than yours Your Sister is two years younger than you I am much more quiet in mind than I was Goodness is a great deal more dâ—sirable than greatness By how the more advantagâ—ous your kindness is by so much the more acceptable ought it to be unto us By how much the greater any pleasure is by so much the more doth it discompose the mind The higher you are in place the holier be you in life The richer you are in goods the more bountiful be you in gifts †Note Adjectives of the Comparative Degree do not only govern an Ablative Case of the Thing exceeded or of the Measure of the excess but also of the Matter wherein the Exceeding is as Major aetate Major nâ—tu Cicero was more excellent for speaking than Caesar and Caesar was more excellent than Cicero for fighting Ajax was stronger in body than Ulysses but Ulysses was much wise in couâ—sel than Ajax If you be nimbler than I in wit I am steadier than you in judgment You are not so much better than I at wrastling as I am better than you at running ¶ Tanto quanto multo longè aetate natu utrique gradui appoâ—uâ—tur ut Catul Tanto tu possimus omnium Poeta Quanto tu optimus omnium patronus Eras Nocturnae lucubrationes longe periculosissimae habentur Longè caeteris peritioâ—es sed non multo melior tamen Juv. Omne animi vitium tanto conspectius in se Crimen habet quanto major qui peccat habetur Major maximus aetate Major maximus nâ—tu 'T was the glory of King Edward the Sixth that he was by so much holier than others as he was higher than others You are learneder than I by what you are older than I. It is strange that being much fatter than you I should be much nimbler than you The reading of the Gospel is far a more profitable study than of any other History It were a great shame for a Minister to be so much the worse doer of
to it as Vsque à mari supero Romam proficisci Cic. Siculo prospexit ab usque Pachyno Virg. Vsque è Persiâ Durr Qui ex ultimâ Syriâ navigarent Cic. 7. Verr. Fugientes usque ad flumen persequuntur Caes 7. B. Gall. Legatum usque in Hispaniam misit Cic pro Leg. Manil. Vt hath statim elegantly coming with it as Philippus ut heri me salutavit statim Romam profectus est Cic. So primùm and confestim And thus much of the Particles which are elegantly used together with others Now as these are not all the Particles whereof there be Elegant uses so neither are these all the Elegant uses that are made of these Particles there being as many more besides these so very much more observable and nothing less elegant than what is here said of these All I intended herein was to give the Learner such a taste of these Delicacies as might wher his Phansie to a moâ—e eager desire after a fuller knowledge of them Notwithstanding even these few well digested will have such influence upon all his Exercises as that no one of them will be without some savoury relish of pure Roman Eloquence Only I must caution the Teacher that he patiently bear with and gently correct his Scholars mistakes in these things which until he be well versed in them he will for want of judgment and experience be apt to fall into And this is all I shall say for the present of the Elegancies of the Particles CHAP. IX Of the Idioms of English and Latine EVery Language hath its Idiotisâ—s and Proprieties Phrases and Forms of speaking peculiar to it self which cannot be rendred word for word into any other Language but with much barbarity and baldness of expression Thus however it is in English and Latine insomuch that either way to be nimium fidus interpres to stick too close to the Verbal Translation will betray a man into ridiculous absurdities Therefore to take the Learner off again from his nice insisting on Verbal Translating and remedy those inconveniencies that come by his sticking too close thereto it will be necessary to acquaint him with the Idiotisms of both the English and Latine and shew him how to express himself in either Language according to the respective Proprieties thereof The one Precept in order to this is To heed the Sense more than the Words and to fit the expression thereunto That being well rendred whether into English or Latine whose sense is clearly and fully expressed in the Language whereby it is rendred though the words be more or fewer than were in that whence the Translation was made Observation indeed hath the main stroke in this business Yet sundry Helps may be administred And for the ease of the Master and profit of the Scholar I shall set down such as I either conceive or have found beneficial in this case One may be for the Teacher to observe unto him all the elegant Idiotisms that accidentally occur in his Lectures and Exercises and cause him to set them down in a Book and often to review them and repeat them Another may be to put him to learn such Latine Authors as are so translated into English as that the propriety of both Languages is heeded unto and observed by the Translator allowing him the use of the Translation Such are Tully's Offices translated by Mr. Brinslie Terence's Comedies by Mr. Bernard Corderius's Colloquies by Mr. Hoole c. and Janua Linguarum by Mr. Robotham A third may be to give him a Catalogue of English Idiotisms barbarously translated and together with them by way of correction the elegant translation of them and labour to make him understand the ridiculous barbarity of the one and propriety and elegancy of the other after this manner Send me word Bar. Mitte mihi verbum Send me word Eleg. Fac me per literas certiorem I am short of money Bar. Brevis sum pecuniae I am short of money Eleg. Deficit me pecunia Of this nature Corderius composed a whole Book styled De corrupti sermonis emendatione which may be usefully perused by any Learner or young Teacher of the Latine Tongue A fourth may be for the Teacher first to read over himself every English that his Scholar is to make into Latine and to observe what Idiotisms occur in that and advertise the Learner of them and shew him how to vary the English Phrase into such other expression as is capable of an Elegant Verbal Translation But the fifth and that which I ever found most beneficial is to give the Learner to Translate some Englishes composed all or most of Idiomatical expressions such as cannot without most ridiculous barbarity be translated word for word into Latine and to shew him and make him understand the ridiculous barbarousness of his own verbal Translations and to furnish him instead thereof with the proper and elegant expressions When he hath gone over in translating any one such English which would be of some pretty length then cause him to be very exact in giving readily without book phrase by phrase the corrected Latine for the English and the English for the Latine Also make him construe the Latine verbatim so far as it may with good sense be done it were not amiss to make him translate it word for word as far as may be for this will help him still more to the understanding of the English Phrase and teach him how to resolve such English Phrases into other words and expressions of like import and much facilitate the whole work After that cause him to translate it over again getting new Phrases for every expression and if there be no new supply which it is rare but there will be let him vary what he hath so as that it may seem new And let him do again all the same with this second Translation which he did with the former And last of all cause him looking upon and reading his English unless which is better he can say it without book to give for every English expression both several Latine Translations Then proceed to another and still to another of the same nature so long as there shall be need or reason This Exercise as it is of all others the most difficult so also the most profitable It is not imaginable what a strange alteration to the better it will in short time produce in all the Scholars performances And therefore I do most seriously above all others recommend it from my own experience unto the practice of others For the help of the Scholar in this work there are of late sundry Books come forth viz. Mr. Clarks Phraseologia Puerilis Mr. Willis's Anglicisms Latinized and last of all my own Idiomatologia Anglo-Latina or English Latine Phraseologie in which if the Learner should be put to get every day one Head of Phrases so perfectly at least as that looking only on the English he can give the Latine for it and looking only on the