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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A35020	The general history of the Quakers containing the lives, tenents, sufferings, tryals, speeches and letters of the most eminent Quakers, both men and women : from the first rise of that sect down to this present time / being written originally in Latin by Gerard Croese ; to which is added a letter writ by George Keith ...	Croese, Gerardus, 1642-1710.; Keith, George, 1639?-1716.	1696 (1696)	Wing C6965; ESTC R31312	344,579	528

of these Men which are Fundamental to all the rest were after this time taken into task by George Keith and in various Writings partly handled and exprest more distinctly and politely partly chang'd and represented after the Image of the Idea's of the Ancient Philosophers not in that new Dress which the Quakers at first affected designing afterwards to give account of George Barcley in his own time and place Keith first apply'd his Mind to Write in the year Sixty Five and continued in that exercise for many years all his writings were originally in English except some few sheets He having observ'd that the Quakers wrote but very obscurely and perplexedly of that Divine light which is in every Man and of Christ dwelling in him which they place for the principle and foundation of all their Religion and Doctrine and being a Man of a subtile and acute Wit has accurately represented what they had but rudely and lamely begun concerning that Doctrine displaying it in this manner God has given a light unto every Man which he plac'd within him Which cannot be the mind or humane reason for that is innate whereas the light is adventitious and given to him from without to command and govern his Reason This same light is the Seed of God or Instrument whereby Men fallen and corrupted through sin are born again of God And this is a substance a part of that invisible and spiritual substance of Jesus Christ the Son of God that divine invisible spiritual and heavenly Man For Christ is so the Son of God that he is made to be such a Man by a Divine vertue proceeding from God So Christ and by him God dwells and is implanted in every Man nay in every Creature But since Men have made defection from God corrupting and depraving themselves altogether Christ and God is dead and extinguish'd in them but not totally So that Christ being mov'd with pity and compassion towards Men and remaining in some measure within them do's so help and assist their miserable impotency that he moves from within incites and admonishes every Man that they would give ear to and follow Christ their light and that laying aside their wicked manners and evil opinions they would submit themselves to Christ embracing and adhering to him thus expecting his divine vertue within them proposing him for their guide and conducter in going about duties and maintaining the same imitating him in every thing as their Master Which if they do Christ revives and lives within them establishing and renewing an Union and Communion with them and becoming righteousness and salvation unto them So Christ becomes meat heavenly and spiritual food unto Men. And thus in all Ages the Godly did eat the flesh and drink the Blood of Christ And so indeed Christ is in the ungodly tho hiddenly and as if he were quite away from whence it is that the Scriptures sometimes say that Christ is not in them But he is so far within them that when they are selling and enslavening themselves to sin he suffers and is afflicted by the same and through the infamy and piercing of his own Body which ensues from this their wickedness he is oppress'd with grief and anguish as if he were again fastened to the Cross This Christ is to be ador'd and worshiped as being that Divine heavenly and spiritual Man not as being an External Man born of Mary This opinion of Keith concerning these Articles was first invented and publish'd to the World by Men of no good Name which Keith was not ignorant of Hereticks and such as were addicted to the Schools and Discipline of the Gentile Philosophers especially the Platonicks but it was only scatter'd here and there by parcels in their writings not Collected into one entire system till in the last Century William Postell a Frenchman publish'd it openly in the same entire form that Keith has done tho I have certainly inform'd my self that Keith knew nothing of it in a particular book set out on that occasion but it was accounted so foolish and silly by the Learned World that none of them thought it worth their while to write against or confute him and his writings And these were the positions so long invented and retain'd before Keith that this same Keith was advancing and proposing in several books wrote by him vindicating them from what objections were either obvious to himself or mov'd to him by others But he took care that these his books should be Printed without the knowledge or advice of those of his own Society and therefore sent them to Holland to be Printed lest any of the English should come to know it Now there being two principal parts of this Keithian Doctrine the first concerning the presence of God and Christ not only in Men but in all his Creatures the second concerning the indwelling and operation of Christ within Men there was none found among all the initiatory Apostles of this Society who either maintain'd taught or publickly mention'd that former branch of his Doctrine Yet none of the Quakers wrote against him neither did those who assembled among themselves upon such like occasions condemn that principle being tender of his name and fame and judging it reasonable that this one errour should be past over in silence because of his other good Endowments and Accomplishments But as to the latter part of his sentiments there was none among all those who profess'd themselves Quakers that did not embrace it for his own opinion subscribing to it as the singular and peculiar Doctrine of their Church except some few insignificant thick scull'd fellows that liv'd in some remote and hidden Corner of the other Western World There was yet another Tenet which Keith was not averse to but he was unwilling to obtrude it upon any for that those of that Society did not desire it should be receiv'd or entertain'd for their common Principle it was that of the perpetuity of Souls and of their Transmigration and Variation through several bodies which proceeded at first from Empedocles Pythagoras and Plato and was afterwards variously trimm'd and furbish'd about some hundred years ago by those pratling Jewish Masters call'd Rabbius who not only tell but write when awake whatever they have dream'd upon that subject while asleep particularly by R. Jitzhakus Loriensis in a tractate wrote in Hebrew and in these our days is reviv'd by Baron van Helmont who hath deck'd it with all the necessary Ornaments fit to procure it Reception an Author famous for the splendour of his Nobility and his insatiable desires after Knowledge and Learning which he accounted the most comely and laudable Enjoyments he could be Master of who because he lives well and has not whereupon is deem'd by his friends to have found out the Philosophers Stone This Man living in England at that time conversing among the Quakers as one of their Society had occasion frequently to converse with a Noble Countess that was a great

this theme as if he had aim'd at no other design then to bring in some and play upon others with a few frothy flowrishes of words This is the matter of fact The Parliament made it their purpose and endeavour to give Liberty of Conscience to such as I have Nam'd A Committee of a select number of the house was order'd to treat of this affair They when doubting of the Quakers Doctrine and saith concerning the sacred Scripture and mystery of the holy Trinity because they use not to call the Scripture the word of God thinking that name to be proper only to Christ or to the internal word of God under which sense external Letters can never fall nor to term the Father Son and Spirit three persons that being a word not used in Scripture ordered their Articles and opinion to be presently inquired into Two famous Quakers at that time Geo. Withad and John Virughton treated of these matters with Sir Tho. Clargy a member of the house He advis'd 〈◊〉 with Kindness and Candour to publish their mind fully and fairly concerning these two Articles that were doubted of They without delay write and subscribe their Thoughts and willingly presented 'em to that honourable Man from whom as they had received a wholsom Advice they now also expect a seasonable assistance The form of each of 'em for himself was to this purpose I believe with my heart and confess with my mouth the sacred Scriptures to be Divine left us by Men Inspir'd of God as an exact rule of our faith and behaviour and I profess to believe in one only God who is the father and in Jesus Christ his Eternal Son very God and very Man and in the Holy Spirit one and the same God with the Father and Son blessed for evermore This confession having pleas'd Clargy was given to be read to the rest of the Members who thought fit to call in some nine or ten Quakers that were ready at hand for such a design to question 'em if that were their faith and perswasion Upon their owning it the day following the matter was presented by the Committee to the whole house and thus it was agreed that the Quakers shou'd have liberty and order'd it shou'd be recorded and drawn out into an Act. While publick affairs were thus changed W. Penn was not so regarded and respected by King and Court as he was formerly by King James partly because of his intimacy with King James and partly for adhering to his old opinion concerning the Oath of fidelity which was now mitigated but not abrogated Besides this it was suspected that Penn Corresponded with the late King now Lurking in France under the umbrage and protection of the French King an enemy justly and equally odious to the Brittish King and united Provinces 'twixt whom there was now an inveterate War This suspicion was follow'd and also encreas'd by a Letter intercepted from King James to Penn desiring Penn to come to his assistance in the present State and Condition he was in and express the Resentments of his favour and benevolence Upon this Penn being cited to appear was ask'd why King James wrote unto him he answer'd he cou'd not hinder such a thing being further question'd what Resentments these were which the late King seem'd to desire of him he answer'd he knew not but said he supposed King James wou'd have him to endeavour his Restitution and that tho he cou'd not decline the suspicion yet he cou'd avoid the guilt and since he had loved King James in his prosperity he shou'd not hate him in his adversity yea he lov'd him as yet for many favours he had conferr'd on him tho he wou'd not joyn with him in what concern'd the State of the Kingdom He own'd he had been much oblig'd to King James and that he wou'd reward his kindness by any private office as far as he cou'd observing inviolably and intirely that duty to the publick and Government which was equally Incumbent upon all Subjects and therefore that he had never the vanity to think of endeavouring to restore him that Crown which was fallen from his head so that nothing in that Letter cou'd at all seem to fix guilt upon him From that time Penn withdrew himself more and more from business and at length at London in his own house confin'd himself as it were to a voluntary exile from the converse fellowship and conference of others employing himself only in his Domestick affairs that he might be devoted more to Meditation and Spiritual exercises In the year Ninety three two books of his came out in English the one of a Solitary life the other a Key to understand the Articles of the Quakers faith This year Penn went out of his voluntary Prison compensing the leisure of his lonely life by the comfort of Marriage which he now entred into and the greater toil he took on himself in managing all his business and affairs Geo. Fox also after many changes and vici●●itudes having seen various chances and dangers after he had often been Anxious concerning the progress and continuance of his life now not doubting to Consummate and end his Labours in the beginning of Ninety one resign'd up his Life After his Death his Widdow Margaret an old woman of about 76 years who had shar'd with him in the office of preaching wrote thus to a General Meeting of women held at London that same year Most Dear Friends and Sisters in the Lord I Did not scruple to write unto you from the Sense of that which was from the beginning which now is and for ever shall be and that for your great Love and care of me and the half of my self my Husband as long as he labour'd among you for the Lord. Since he 's now entred into Rest and heavenly Glory if we 'll regard what he said while he was alive let 's fix our constant Dependance upon God Neither doubt I if we walk with that Spirit of Life and Strength he had but we shall be preserv'd even unto the end In the mean time growing up and bearing fruit unto the Lord we shall become Trees Justice to the praise and Glory of God Wherefore I do earnestly warn and exhort you to abide constantly in the service of God for ye shall certainly reap the reward of much Consolation in this World and of an eternal Recompence in that which is to come Farewell and joyn with me in praising of God Fox not long before he died by the Interposal of certain Friends and Amanuenses's wrote a large book in English only with reference to what concern'd himself during the time he labour'd among his friends in the Ministry and provided by his latter will it shou'd be carefully Printed and a Coppy of it sent to all the yearly and Quarterly Meetings of his Friends wherever gather'd together throughout the whole World in Remembrance of him and for their particular Advantage The book was publish'd being strengthen'd

of these Students they flew thither and hal●d and thrust the Men out of Doors and there tossed them backward and forward and tormented them all the ways they could but if they could not conveniently get in they broke the Doors and Windows but when they could not or would not do that they stood about the House and there received them as they came out as before and this also was a small matter with them there were some of them who were furnished with Pipes and Tobacco an Herb well known and so called from him who first shewed the use of it and Ale of which they themselves did not only sip often but also reached the same to the Quakers and upon their refusing thereof yea saying nothing at all to the matter and as it were silently sipping up and digesting all that Affliction they poured the Drink down the Throats of the People and upon their Cloaths struck them pulled them by the Nose and tore their Beards that they might force them to speak something to them But these vile doings were yet but little in their Eyes there were some of them who run upon and trod them under their Feet who discharged Muskets at them and threw Squibs and Serpents as they call them which flew and burnt their Cloaths where ever they touched them others brought Mastiff Dogs with them and set them on not only to bark at the People but to fly at them and bite them some of them when they went away took the mens Goods along with them and when the Quakers made Complaint of these Mischiefs and Injuries done them to their Tutors and Professors they were deaf to them and took them but as so many Tales told them And indeed they suffered such great and so many Evils that unless these Men had written concerning the same openly to the World and that none did ever refel and confute what was written by them hereupon they could not be believed Such things also as these they complained were done unto them by the Students in Cambridge and this they set forth in Print While these things were transacted Oliver Cromwel died being the Year One Thousand Six Hundred Fifty and Eight on the Third Day of September at Three of the Clock in the Afternoon of a Tertian Ague after he had had a severe Fit of it This Man had the boldness to arrogate to himself so great a Power in all the three Kingdoms that of Old were esteemed to be another World that all things were governed and managed according to his Pleasure alone having rejected the Name of King and assuming that of Protector that he himself might be the more protected from all Hatred and Envy Under the Government of whose Son Richard which was but very short and not managed with that Industry as his Father had done nor administred with that Moderation that he shewed so as that neither his Authority had lessened the Peoples Love to him nor the Favour of the People his Gravity the Quakers Affairs begun daily to grow worse and worse while both on the one side and the other the Quakers were hurried on with greater boldness and those who opposed with greater Cruelty And seeing there are very many Instances extant and such as are very memorable yet because we would shun satiety and that I find the same creeping on I shall dispatch the matter in a few words Seeing there were now more Persons among the Quakers than before who uttered their vain Ribaldry and Bablings even in the Churches and while the Ministers were in the midst of their Sermons so there were also other Men that were more animated and forward to do nothing with Deliberation so that the Quakers for that reason were much more severely punished especially in Wales and some parts of Pembrokeshire There was at London a certain Man whose Name was Solomon Eccles a Man void not of Understanding but of all Shame and Fear who began such a deed that it 's very strange that the same Quaker himself should be willing to Record it and put the matter beyond all doubt and maintain it besides in the very same Pamphlet and thereby shew that no Fact can be feigned be it never so foolish and rash which some would not at least do and not commend as a right and laudable thing to be committed against those whom they so much complained of in respect to the wrongs and injuries done unto them I shall take the thing from the beginning This Man was a Musician and could Sing and Play very well having been Instructed in this Art and Science by his Father and Grandfather and did by it maintain both himself and his Family very genteelly and plentifully It was believed he could Yearly by Teaching of others and by Playing get no less than Two Hundred Pounds Sterling But he had a mind to change this sort of Life and to get into the Fellowship of the Quakers and so experience another way of Living and so he first sells his Books and all his Musical Instruments at a great rate as being now useless and noxious to him but afterwards bethinking himself that they might be hurtful to others as well as to him and that he ought not if he could avoid it suffer any to be injured at the expence of his Profit and Conveniency he buys them back again of those to whom he had Sold them for the same Money and when he had so done he gathered them all together and goes with them directly to Tower-Hill and having there set up a Pile of Wood and fired it at Noon day he does in the sight of many People commit to the Flames and burn all these Excellent and Precious Instruments and Books altogether as being a means to draw Men to be idle to promote a Lascivious Life and as stings to their Lusts and commands all Men to take Pattern by him and shun and curse all such vain and profane Arts. So great was the Zeal of this Man for his new Religion and so great was his Anger and the fervour of his Mind against the Publick Religion of the Kingdom that he could not forbear but must go upon every new bold and rash Act whereof above others this is a most memorable Instance When the People were met together in Aldermanbury Church for to Celebrate the Lord's Supper this Man came thither having furnished himself first with a Sack full of Shooe-maker's Ware so that now from a Musician he was turned Shooe-maker and partly a Cobler to that end that he might go into the Church and there in the croud before that the Minister had got into the Pulpit might Act somewhat of the part of a Shooe-maker And so that he might not be put out he had taken care to get very timely and secretly into the Church and hid himself there in some place Afterward when they were singing of Psalms he rushes up and draws nigh unto the Table and stood with his Hat on

observation which with a grieved Soul I have made in this Generation I hereby give warning to this and all succeeding Ages that if they have any regard to Truth or Charity they take heed how they believe any Factious partial Historian or Divine in any evil that he saith of the Party that he is against for though there be good and eredible Persons of most Parties you shall find that Passion and Partiality prevaileth against Conscience Truth and Charity in most that are sick of this Disease and that ehe Envious Zeal which is described James cap. 3. doth make them think they do God service first in believing false Reports and then in venting them against those that their Zeal or Faction doth call the Enemies of Truth which Directions G. K. quotes out of Richard Baxter And G. K. saith p. 1 2. of the Serious Appeal And it is a thing generally acknowledged by all Protestants that where any Man or Society of Men err not in a Fundamental Article of the Christian Faith we ought to have Charity towards them as our Christian Brethren if in some other things they are under some Mistakes and that their Conversation and Practice be free of Scandal And that we do not err in any Fundamental Article of Christian Faith hear G. K. further in our behalf Serious Appeal p. 6. And notwithstanding of Cotton Matther's strong Asseverations against us as if We deny'd almost all or most of the Fundamental Articles of the Christian and Protestant Faith yet he shall never be able to prove it That we are guilty of this his so extreamly rash and uncharitable charge either as in respect of the Body of that People called in scorn Quakers or in respect of any particular Writers or Publishers of our Doctrines and Principles and Preachers among us generally owned and approved by Vs as Men of a sound judgment and understanding And as for his Citations out of Quakers printed Books and ●reatises I would have you to consider that most of them all are borrowed and taken not from our own Books but from our professed Adversaries men known well enough to be possessed with Prejudice against us such as Tho. Hicks and John Faldo and others whom our Friends in Old England and particularly Geo. Whitehead and William Pen have largely answered yea I do here solemnly charge C. M. to give us but one single Instance of any one Fundamental Article of Chaistian Faith denyed by us as a People or by any one of our Writers or Preachers generally owned and approved by Vs. Serious Appeal p. 7. G. K. saith Farther it sufficeth to me and I hope doth to many others that according to the best knowledge I have of the People called Quakers and those most generally owned by them as Preachers and Publishers of their Faith of unquestioned esteem among them and worthy of double honour as many such there are I know none that are guilty of any one of such Heresies and Blasphemies And G. K. further saith in the same Page They who best know them the Quakers ought to be allowed to give their sence of them as I have done saith he in the sincerity of my heart according to my best understanding and knowledge of them and I think I should know and do know these called Quakers and their Principles Note He had then been among us about 28 years and a Preacher the greatest part thereof and may well therefore be suposed to know onr Doctrines and the Defection he would now Insinuate must needs be very sudden were we so degenerated in Fundamentals since 1692. when his Book here cited was published as his Prejudice or Enmity doth now represent But if the Reader inspect the State of the Case as Explained by Sam. Jennings Truth Defended c. by Tho. Ellwood A Modest Account from Pensilvania by Caleb Pusey And The Apostate Exposed by John Pennington it will evidently appear the Defection is in himself Serious Appeal p. 10. G. K. Vindicates William Penn arguing about the Trinity or Three Persons saying ●e i. e. William Penn only Argueth against the invented Names Persons as Calvin doth acknowledge them which in all proper Languages doth signifie Substances and not 〈◊〉 Properties or relative Attributes which W. P. will not deny to be in God In the Book above p. 11. In the Name of the People called Quakers saith G. K. We Zealously believe that the Man Christ is in Heaven without us in his Glorified Body of Man the same for being he had on Earth but wonderfully changed in manner and condition But yet we cannot approve of the Two Carnal Conceptions of many Carnal and Ignorant Professors Book forecited p. 61. G. K. saith The least Babes in the Truth are not without frequent Prayer both in their Houses and at their Tables although not so very frequent vocally yet sometimes vocally as God is pleased to give an utterance and at other times only with our hearts which God accepts for vocal and external words of Prayer are not so essential to Prayer but that true Prayer may be and is most frequently without it Thus hath G. K. justified these and many other of our Doctrines and Practices after 28 years conversation among us as aforesaid though now in his late Books since he is gone out from us he joyns with this Historian against us and it may be of both said in G. K's own Quotation p. 1. of the Book above-cited that Passion and Partiality prevaileth against Conscience Truth and Charity and that the Envious Zeal described James c. 3. doth make them think they do God service the one in venting and both in falsly reporting against those that their Zeal or Faction doth call the Enemies of Truth But let the Reader seriously peruse the following Testimony of our Friends in Pensilvania and it s hoped it wi●● manifest that we are sound in those Christian Doctrines briefly therein asserted And as to our particular Remarks we shall refer the Reader to what may in some short time be Published part thereof being Writ in Latine and is already publick in Holland and may be Translated into English with farther Remarks on divers things and passages in the fore-going History and Appendix and which when made publick will more fully and particularly detect the Historian and George Keith And whereas the Historian hath wrongly stated the Difference between the yearly Meeting and G. K. as also given a wrong Relation of Passages and things therein the Impartial Reader at present is referr'd to A true account of the Proceedings Sence and Advice of the People called Quakers at the Yearly Meeting of Faithful Friends and Brethren began in London 1694. Published by Robert Hannoy in a Pamphlet so intituled as above OUR Antient Testimony RENEWED Concerning our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ THE HOLY SCRIPTURES AND THE Resurrection Occasioned at this time by several Unjust Charges published against us and our Truly Christian Profession by G. Keith who hath