you_o daily_o see_v for_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o a_o very_a mean_a officer_n when_o he_o tell_v you_o he_o like_v not_o such_o a_o thing_n because_o he_o never_o see_v it_o before_o i_o wish_v with_o all_o my_o heart_n that_o this_o follow_a treatise_n may_v afford_v you_o some_o help_n to_o so_o noble_a a_o study_n in_o it_o i_o give_v you_o few_o or_o rather_o no_o rule_n of_o my_o own_o i_o be_o not_o so_o vain_a but_o i_o go_v very_o far_o back_o to_o search_v for_o they_o in_o all_o the_o remain_v of_o antiquity_n and_o let_v it_o not_o offend_v you_o that_o i_o illustrate_v rule_n and_o custom_n of_o war_n by_o several_a instance_n i_o do_v it_o purposely_o because_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n be_v rather_o lead_v by_o example_n than_o drive_v by_o precept_n this_o seem_v to_o impose_v that_o only_o to_o invite_v to_o a_o noble_a emulation_n beside_o the_o right_a or_o wrong_n do_v of_o a_o action_n with_o all_o its_o circumstance_n be_v better_a clear_v by_o the_o first_o than_o by_o the_o last_o and_o if_o i_o seem_v to_o clash_v with_o the_o old_a master_n or_o new_a tactic_n of_o the_o ancient_n or_o modern_a art_n of_o war_n i_o give_v my_o reason_n for_o it_o which_o you_o may_v either_o approve_v or_o disapprove_v as_o you_o please_v without_o do_v i_o the_o least_o injury_n when_o i_o tell_v my_o own_o opinion_n of_o military_a custom_n look_v back_o as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v find_v any_o glimmer_a light_n of_o history_n to_o direct_v i_o i_o give_v also_o my_o reason_n which_o you_o may_v likewise_o reject_v if_o you_o please_v for_o by_o so_o do_v i_o shall_v neither_o be_v condemn_v for_o heresy_n nor_o schism_n if_o any_o gentleman_n curiosity_n lead_v he_o to_o inquire_v why_o i_o print_v this_o book_n i_o shall_v answer_v he_o first_o i_o can_v sincere_o assure_v he_o vanity_n to_o make_v myself_o know_v in_o the_o world_n push_v i_o not_o to_o it_o else_o i_o have_v not_o let_v it_o lie_v unprint_v by_o i_o ten_o whole_a year_n after_o first_o i_o write_v it_o next_o very_o few_o can_v importune_v i_o to_o publish_v it_o since_o very_o few_o do_v know_v i_o have_v write_v it_o nor_o do_v i_o indeed_o make_v it_o public_a to_o disabuse_v some_o gay_a man_n by_o let_v they_o see_v they_o know_v no_o more_o than_o their_o neighbour_n and_o yet_o the_o do_v so_o have_v be_v charity_n if_o my_o offer_n have_v be_v receive_v as_o kind_o as_o i_o intend_v it_o the_o consideration_n that_o induce_v i_o to_o it_o be_v in_o short_a this_o when_o i_o have_v end_v all_o i_o have_v resolve_v to_o say_v of_o the_o grecian_a and_o roman_a art_n of_o war_n and_o dare_v not_o hazard_v on_o the_o vast_a ocean_n of_o the_o modern_a art_n i_o be_v encourage_v to_o proceed_v to_o that_o and_o to_o bring_v all_o i_o intend_v to_o as_o great_a perfection_n as_o i_o can_v by_o a_o great_a master_n and_o good_a judge_n in_o those_o affair_n and_o when_o i_o have_v do_v so_o that_o noble_a person_n after_o my_o concealment_n of_o it_o some_o year_n desire_v to_o peruse_v it_o and_o as_o he_o have_v persuade_v i_o to_o finish_v so_o he_o prevail_v with_o i_o to_o publish_v these_o essay_n but_o be_v please_v to_o know_v he_o be_v such_o a_o one_o as_o his_o majesty_n have_v make_v choice_n of_o in_o the_o year_n 1666._o to_o command_v his_o scottish_a army_n towards_o the_o end_n whereof_o he_o rout_v the_o rebel_n at_o pentland_n the_o very_a same_o person_n be_v again_o entrust_v by_o his_o majesty_n with_o the_o conduct_n of_o his_o force_n in_o the_o year_n 1679._o and_o continue_v still_o in_o that_o command_n and_o be_v well_o enough_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o general_n dalyell_n but_o i_o be_o afraid_a you_o may_v ask_v i_o what_o move_v i_o to_o begin_v to_o write_v these_o discourse_n but_o for_o that_o if_o i_o be_v put_v to_o the_o rack_n till_o i_o give_v you_o my_o reason_n i_o can_v give_v no_o other_o than_o this_o that_o be_v out_o of_o employment_n and_o not_o accustom_a to_o a_o idle_a life_n i_o know_v not_o how_o to_o pass_v away_o my_o solitary_a and_o retire_a hour_n with_o a_o more_o harmless_a divertisement_n the_o content_n of_o the_o book_n book_n i._n military_a essay_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o grecian_a art_n of_o war_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o ancient_a militia_n in_o general_n page_n 1_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o army_n and_o order_n of_o war_n of_o the_o ancient_n 4_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o election_n levy_n and_o arm_n offensive_a and_o defensive_a of_o the_o grecian_n 7_o chap._n iv_o of_o the_o great_a englines_n and_o machine_n of_o the_o train_n and_o exercise_v of_o the_o grecian_n 9_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o grecian_a infantry_n 12_o chap._n vi_o aelian_n marshal_n the_o grecian_a infantry_n examine_v 14_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o grecian_a cavalry_n and_o some_o observation_n of_o it_o 19_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o great_a macedonian_a phalanx_n of_o its_o number_n and_o how_o marshal_v with_o some_o observation_n of_o both_o 23_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o grecian_a march_n baggage_n encamp_v guard_n and_o of_o their_o paean_n 26_o chap._n x._o one_o of_o our_o modern_a army_n compare_v with_o the_o great_a macedonian_a phalanx_n 28_o book_n ii_o military_a essay_n of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a art_n of_o war_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a government_n and_o militia_n in_o general_n p._n 33_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o military_a election_n and_o levy_n of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n 40_o chap._n iii_o of_o their_o arm_n offensive_a and_o defensive_a and_o of_o their_o military_a oath_n 42_o chap._n iv_o of_o sieges_n and_o defence_n of_o town_n and_o fort_n of_o the_o great_a engine_n and_o machine_n use_v in_o they_o by_o the_o roman_n and_o other_o ancient_n 49_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o military_a exercise_n duty_n burden_n march_n and_o work_v of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n 57_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o roman_a infantry_n of_o all_o its_o several_a body_n and_o their-officer_n 61_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o roman_a cavalry_n and_o all_o its_o officer_n 74_o chap._n viii_o of_o their_o trumpeter_n hornwinder_n and_o of_o the_o classicum_fw-la 79_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o roman_a pay_n proviant_a and_o of_o their_o donative_n 81_o chap._n x._o of_o a_o roman_a legion_n marshal_v according_a to_o titus_n livius_n with_o lipsius_n his_o amendment_n 84_o chap._n xi_o of_o a_o roman_a legion_n marshal_v according_a to_o flavius_n vegetius_n 87_o chap._n xii_o vegetius_n his_o legion_n review_v and_o examine_v 89_o chap._n xiii_o of_o a_o roman_a legion_n marshal_v according_a to_o polybius_n 95_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o distance_n and_o interval_n between_o the_o several_a body_n and_o batallion_n of_o the_o roman_a horse_n and_o foot_n 96_o chap._n xv._o of_o the_o roman_a ally_n and_o auxiliary_n and_o of_o the_o mistake_v of_o some_o author_n concern_v they_o 102_o chap._n xvi_o of_o a_o roman_a consular_a army_n and_o of_o some_o mistake_n concern_v it_o 105_o chap._n xvii_o of_o a_o consular_a army_n marshal_v in_o the_o field_n and_o of_o some_o general_a officer_n belong_v to_o it_o 108_o chap._n xviii_o of_o several_a figure_n of_o army_n use_v by_o the_o ancient_n in_o their_o battle_n 112_o chap._n xix_o of_o some_o custom_n use_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o other_o ancient_a nation_n before_o in_o the_o time_n of_o and_o after_o their_o battle_n 115_o chap._n xx._n of_o the_o march_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n 118_o chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o quarter_a encamp_a and_o castrametation_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n 121_o chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o roman_a guard_n watch_n watchword_n and_o round_n 133_o chap._n xxiii_o of_o prisoner_n of_o war_n treaty_n parley_n and_o article_n among_o the_o ancient_n 136_o chap._n xxiv_o of_o the_o military_a punishment_n and_o reward_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o other_o ancient_a nation_n 145_o chap._n xxv_o polybius_n his_o comparison_n of_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n and_o the_o roman_a legion_n review_v 150_o book_n iii_o military_a essay_n of_o the_o modern_a art_n of_o war_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o modern_a militia_n in_o general_n p._n 157_o chap._n ii_o of_o levy_n the_o manner_n of_o several_a nation_n in_o make_v they_o of_o the_o duty_n of_o soldier_n when_o they_o be_v levy_v of_o their_o age_n and_o how_o long_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o serve_v 163_o chap._n iii_o of_o armour_n or_o defensive_a arm_n use_v by_o several_a nation_n both_o for_o their_o cavalry_n and_o infantry_n 168_o chap._n iv_o of_o offensive_a arm_n or_o weapon_n use_v by_o the_o infantry_n of_o several_a nation_n 171_o chap._n v._o of_o offenffve_n arm_n or_o weapon_n use_v by_o the_o cavalry_n of_o several_a nation_n 173_o chap._n vi_o master_n lupton_n book_n
actor_n and_o this_o they_o do_v either_o upon_o hear_v say_v register_n the_o fable_n of_o vain_a and_o ignorant_a â—_z who_o either_o have_v be_v or_o pretend_v to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o action_n for_o truth_n or_o write_v according_a to_o their_o own_o apprehension_n of_o thing_n which_o many_o time_n be_v so_o pitiful_o weak_a that_o their_o extravagancy_n put_v know_v reader_n on_o the_o rack_n and_o force_v they_o to_o cast_v their_o book_n away_o from_o they_o and_o indeed_o i_o have_v read_v the_o description_n of_o some_o battle_n in_o book_n write_v by_o no_o mean_a author_n wherein_o both_o army_n be_v marshal_v in_o such_o order_n that_o i_o can_v not_o fancy_v it_o can_v be_v do_v by_o any_o except_o aâ—adis_n de_fw-fr gaul_n or_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o sun_n let_v we_o except_v from_o these_o of_o modern_a historian_n paolo_n giovio_n d'avita_n and_o the_o other_o unknown_a author_n of_o the_o history_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o france_n philip_n hisâ—orians_n noble_a hisâ—orians_n de_fw-fr comines_n cardinal_n bentivoglio_n strada_n john_n peâ—it_fw-la edward_n philips_n his_o late_a history_n of_o england_n chemnitius_n his_o history_n of_o the_o swedish_n expedition_n theatrum_fw-la europâ—um_fw-la these_o two_o last_o write_v in_o high_a dutch_a and_o diego_n sirâ—_n who_o have_v write_v the_o history_n of_o these_o time_n very_o voluminous_o in_o italian_a these_o have_v either_o be_v actor_n themselves_o or_o have_v get_v their_o relation_n from_o those_o emperor_n king_n prince_n or_o general_n who_o manage_v the_o war_n have_v give_v we_o history_n well_o worth_a the_o read_n to_o these_o we_o may_v add_v guicciardinâ—_n though_o for_o his_o prolixity_n he_o be_v use_v very_o scurrilous_o by_o bocâ—alini_n who_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o boccalini_n guicciardini_n tax_v by_o boccalini_n parnassâ—â—_n a_o laconian_a who_o have_v express_v his_o thought_n in_o three_o word_n which_o he_o may_v have_v do_v in_o two_o be_v order_v for_o his_o punishment_n to_o read_v guicciardini_n the_o poor_a fellow_n beg_v rather_o to_o be_v fley_v alive_a than_o be_v torture_v with_o read_v a_o historian_n who_o in_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o war_n between_o the_o florentines_n and_o pisans_n make_v long_a discourse_n of_o the_o take_v a_o pigeon_n house_n than_o he_o need_v to_o have_v make_v of_o the_o best_a fortify_v castle_n yet_o thus_o much_o most_o if_o not_o all_o historian_n agree_v on_o when_o they_o speak_v of_o army_n they_o mention_v van_n battel_n and_o rear_n which_o show_v that_o the_o roman_a method_n of_o marshal_n their_o army_n in_o three_o body_n one_o behind_o another_o be_v observe_v by_o most_o nation_n till_o of_o late_a year_n some_o master_n of_o the_o military_a art_n for_o some_o good_a reason_n think_v it_o convenient_a to_o reduce_v they_o to_o two_o it_o be_v pity_n so_o few_o since_o vegetius_n his_o time_n have_v show_v themselves_o tactic_n that_o tactic_n we_o have_v but_o few_o tactic_n be_v to_o teach_v we_o the_o art_n of_o war_n use_v in_o their_o own_o time_n for_o so_o we_o shall_v have_v know_v the_o military_a custom_n of_o several_a nation_n and_o of_o several_a age_n i_o have_v hear_v tâ—â—t_a gonsalvo_n di_fw-it corduba_n who_o by_o his_o gallant_a conduct_n recover_v the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n from_o the_o french_a for_o the_o house_n of_o arragon_n write_v in_o spanish_a traâ—â—ado_fw-it de_fw-fr re_fw-mi militari_fw-la if_o it_o be_v extant_a it_o must_v be_v well_o worth_a the_o perusal_n as_o the_o work_n of_o one_o who_o by_o his_o great_a action_n have_v acquire_v to_o himself_o the_o title_n of_o capitanâ—_n iâ—_n grand_fw-mi capitanâ—_n it_o grand_fw-mi capitano_fw-it the_o â—reat_a captain_n in_o the_o last_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o of_o france_n about_o sixty_o year_n ago_o lovis_n de_fw-fr mâ—mgomery_n lord_n of_o carbâ—â—sâ—â—_n write_v a_o little_a book_n de_fw-fr â—â—_o mâ—â—gomery_n lovis_z de_fw-fr mâ—â—gomery_n milice_fw-la francoise_n of_o the_o french_a militia_n it_o show_v he_o to_o have_v be_v very_o much_o a_o soldier_n but_o the_o marrow_n of_o that_o piece_n lie_v in_o his_o description_n of_o some_o artificial_a firework_n the_o knowledge_n whereof_o lie_v not_o in_o every_o man_n way_n nor_o be_v it_o preissac_n preissac_n necessary_a for_o every_o soldier_n though_o it_o add_v to_o his_o perfection_n the_o siâ—â—r_n de_fw-fr prâ—issaâ—_n write_v a_o little_a treatise_n in_o french_a of_o military_a question_n and_o resolve_v very_o well_o english_v by_o mr._n cruso_n a_o understand_a captain_n who_o i_o suppose_v write_v bockler_n captain_n crusâ—_n bockler_n himself_o in_o english_a a_o book_n of_o cavalry_n well_o worth_a the_o read_n bockler_n a_o german_a engineer_n have_v not_o many_o year_n ago_o write_v in_o his_o own_o language_n a_o piece_n wherein_o he_o give_v we_o a_o pretty_a good_a account_n of_o the_o military_a custom_n of_o his_o own_o country_n in_o his_o own_o time_n which_o may_v be_v from_o the_o year_n 1630_o till_o the_o year_n 1664_o or_o thereabouts_o lieutenant_n colonel_n elton_n his_o complete_a body_n of_o the_o military_a elton_n lieutenant_n colonel_n elton_n art_n with_o the_o supplement_n add_v to_o it_o by_o captain_n rud_n without_o which_o it_o be_v not_o a_o complete_a body_n be_v a_o piece_n well_o worth_a the_o perusal_n there_o be_v certain_o other_o who_o have_v write_v of_o this_o subject_a who_o i_o have_v neither_o see_v nor_o read_v some_o again_o there_o be_v who_o instead_o of_o inform_v we_o what_o method_n or_o ordinance_n of_o war_n prince_n and_o state_n use_v in_o their_o time_n the_o want_n whereof_o i_o so_o much_o lament_v give_v we_o model_n of_o their_o own_o frame_n either_o in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n for_o militia_n prince_n and_o state_n only_o to_o mould_n new_a militia_n my_o part_n i_o think_v any_o new_a mould_n of_o a_o militia_n or_o the_o reformation_n of_o a_o old_a one_o be_v the_o work_n of_o a_o prince_n or_o state_n who_o be_v able_a to_o bring_v together_o person_n experience_v in_o all_o kind_n of_o military_a affair_n to_o give_v their_o advice_n out_o of_o which_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n may_v frame_v such_o constitution_n as_o be_v think_v most_o conducible_a to_o carry_v on_o a_o war_n and_o then_o by_o their_o authority_n impose_v a_o necessity_n of_o obedience_n to_o those_o constitution_n and_o therefore_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v the_o work_n of_o any_o private_a person_n brancatiâ—_n a_o italian_a peremptory_o condemn_v the_o use_n of_o the_o pike_n and_o in_o imitation_n of_o he_o mr._n lâ—ptoâ—_n a_o english_a man_n write_v a_o book_n wherein_o he_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v the_o uselessness_n of_o that_o ancient_a weapon_n but_o i_o shall_v meet_v with_o his_o argument_n in_o another_o place_n machiavelli_n go_v a_o great_a length_n and_o present_v the_o world_n with_o a_o milice_fw-la of_o war._n machiavelli_n his_o book_n of_o war._n his_o own_o the_o birth_n of_o his_o own_o brain_n a_o hodge_n podg_v of_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n and_o some_o of_o the_o modern_a militia_n with_o a_o mixture_n of_o many_o of_o his_o own_o invention_n in_o his_o book_n of_o that_o subject_a he_o father_n most_o of_o his_o notion_n on_o fabritio_n colâ—â—â—â—_n a_o excellent_a captain_n who_o no_o doubt_n if_o ever_o he_o have_v see_v they_o have_v reject_v they_o as_o spurious_a some_o of_o his_o mistake_n i_o have_v touch_v in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o roman_a art_n of_o war_n i_o shall_v only_o in_o this_o place_n trouble_v my_o reader_n with_o two_o or_o three_o animadversion_n that_o will_v show_v his_o skill_n in_o martial_a affair_n in_o his_o four_o book_n he_o make_v it_o one_o of_o his_o maxim_n that_o all_o good_a captain_n shall_v rather_o receive_v than_o give_v the_o charge_n of_o this_o i_o speak_v in_o the_o nineteenth_o they_o first_o observation_n of_o they_o chapter_n of_o my_o essay_n of_o the_o roman_a art_n of_o war_n here_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o the_o reason_n he_o give_v for_o his_o opinion_n the_o first_o fury_n say_v he_o be_v easy_o sustain_v by_o firm_a and_o experience_a soldier_n and_o then_o it_o vanish_v in_o smoke_n but_o i_o ask_v first_o what_o if_o they_o who_o be_v charge_v be_v neither_o firm_a nor_o experience_v for_o all_o army_n be_v not_o compose_v of_o veteran_n next_o i_o ask_v what_o if_o they_o be_v both_o firm_a and_o experience_a and_o yet_o do_v not_o sustain_v the_o charge_n in_o thosew_n two_o case_n the_o first_o charge_n vanish_v not_o in_o smoke_n pompey_n his_o soldier_n be_v firm_a and_o experience_a yet_o do_v not_o sustain_v câ—sarâ—_n charge_v at_o pharsalia_n but_o of_o this_o i_o speak_v enough_o in_o another_o place_n in_o that_o same_o four_o book_n this_o author_n show_v we_o how_o a_o enemy_n may_v be_v surround_v in_o time_n of_o battle_n and_o i_o pray_v you_o observe_v the_o lesson_n he_o give_v
not_o see_v brancatio_n but_o terduzzi_n his_o countryman_n for_o they_o be_v both_o italian_n in_o his_o book_n of_o machine_n say_v he_o have_v read_v he_o now_o if_o he_o value_v neither_o his_o opinion_n nor_o his_o reason_n i_o think_v none_o shall_v for_o tâ—rduzzi_n himself_o be_v so_o little_a a_o friend_n to_o the_o pike_n that_o he_o write_v he_o will_v have_v it_o break_v if_o he_o know_v what_o better_a weapon_n to_o put_v in_o its_o room_n out_o of_o he_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o this_o short_a description_n of_o brancatio_n and_o his_o book_n describe_v his_o book_n describe_v the_o title_n of_o his_o book_n be_v this_o of_o the_o true_a art_n of_o war_n whereby_o any_o prince_n may_v not_o only_o resist_v another_o in_o the_o field_n only_o with_o his_o own_o force_n and_o with_o little_a charge_n but_o also_o overcome_v any_o nation_n a_o very_a glorious_a title_n i_o think_v we_o need_v expect_v small_a performance_n from_o so_o vain_a promise_n this_o man_n undertaker_n himself_o a_o great_a undertaker_n will_v prove_v a_o alchemist_n who_o promise_v to_o give_v we_o mountain_n of_o gold_n and_o have_v not_o a_o sixpence_n to_o buy_v his_o own_o dinner_n his_o preface_n make_v up_o the_o four_o part_n of_o his_o book_n wherein_o he_o tell_v often_o than_o once_o that_o he_o study_v the_o theory_n of_o the_o military_a art_n fifteen_o year_n and_o practise_v it_o forty_o so_o he_o have_v be_v no_o young_a man_n when_o he_o write_v his_o book_n but_o he_o conclude_v and_o i_o pray_v you_o mark_v it_o that_o in_o all_o these_o fifteen_o year_n he_o have_v read_v no_o author_n but_o casar_n commentary_n and_o thereafter_o he_o laugh_v and_o scoff_v at_o all_o those_o roman_a author_n and_o history_n which_o mention_v distinct_a maniple_n in_o the_o roman_a legion_n because_o he_o have_v read_v no_o such_o thing_n in_o câ—sar_n not_o only_a in_o this_o preface_n of_o he_o but_o all_o along_o in_o his_o book_n he_o despise_v the_o pike_n and_o call_v it_o the_o enervation_n the_o weaken_n and_o ruin_n of_o war._n i_o shall_v for_o a_o while_o leave_v brancatio_n and_o return_v to_o mr._n lupton_n citation_n out_o of_o this_o great_a italian_a tactick_a that_o i_o may_v answer_v they_o and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o it_o be_v a_o reflection_n on_o brancatio_n brancatio_n mr._n lupton_n citation_n out_o of_o brancatio_n first_o to_o cite_v history_n which_o he_o have_v either_o not_o read_v or_o not_o understand_v and_o next_o not_o to_o be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o custom_n of_o war_n in_o his_o own_o time_n so_o mr._n lupton_n credulity_n be_v inexcusable_a for_o take_v thing_n on_o brancatio_n his_o report_n the_o truth_n whereof_o he_o may_v have_v find_v in_o book_n of_o which_o many_o private_a answer_v answer_v gentleman_n be_v master_n i_o shall_v very_o brief_o run_v through_o the_o quotation_n he_o cite_v out_o of_o this_o italian_a man_n of_o war._n the_o king_n of_o portugal_n say_v he_o be_v ruin_v and_o overthrow_v in_o africa_n because_o first_o first_o he_o have_v squadron_n of_o pike_n but_o by_o his_o favour_n he_o be_v overthrow_v because_o neither_o his_o pike-man_n nor_o harquebusier_n be_v right_o order_v train_v nor_o command_v next_o he_o say_v charles_n the_o eight_o of_o france_n be_v the_o first_o that_o bring_v pike_n second_o second_o into_o italy_n indeed_o there_o be_v pike_n in_o italy_n before_o france_n be_v call_v france_n and_o if_o that_o french_a king_n bring_v they_o first_o there_o what_o lose_v he_o by_o it_o he_o traverse_v it_o take_v and_o conquer_v the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o return_v to_o france_n and_o make_v his_o passage_n good_a at_o fornuovo_n in_o spite_n of_o all_o italy_n then_o bandy_v against_o he_o and_z no_o doubt_n his_o swisser_n do_v he_o good_a service_n and_o brancatio_n know_v they_o be_v arm_v with_o pike_n as_o to_o their_o offensive_a arms._n three_o he_o say_v the_o turk_n these_o forty_o year_n by_o past_a reckon_v they_o to_o begin_v three_o three_o at_o the_o year_n 1540_o and_o to_o continue_v till_o 1580_o have_v be_v victorious_a over_o the_o christian_n sempre_fw-it in_fw-it ongaria_n so_o write_v mr._n lupton_n only_o because_o great_a batallion_n of_o pike_n both_o of_o the_o swisser_n and_o high_a dutch_a nation_n be_v oppose_v to_o the_o turkish_a troop_n of_o horse_n well_o arm_v with_o pistol_n and_o harquebus_n i_o answer_v first_o brancatio_n his_o assertion_n be_v false_a for_o the_o turk_n be_v sometime_o beat_v in_o hungary_n in_o the_o time_n of_o these_o forty_o year_n and_o this_o mr._n lupton_n may_v have_v learn_v by_o peruse_v knolles_n his_o history_n if_o he_o can_v light_v upon_o no_o better_a next_o i_o say_v if_o pike_n can_v not_o resist_v the_o turk_n cavalry_n harquebusier_n on_o foot_n of_o which_o brancatio_n will_v have_v all_o his_o infantry_n to_o consist_v will_v have_v do_v it_o much_o less_o but_o what_o a_o ridiculous_a thing_n be_v it_o to_o impute_v the_o loss_n of_o all_o battle_n to_o one_o cause_n since_o army_n may_v be_v undo_v and_o overthrow_v by_o a_o thousand_o several_a occasion_n what_o can_v either_o brancatio_n or_o mr._n lupton_n say_v against_o it_o if_o i_o aver_v that_o when_o ever_o the_o turk_n be_v beat_v and_o beat_v sometime_o they_o be_v it_o be_v because_o they_o have_v no_o pike_n man_n to_o resist_v the_o charge_n of_o a_o stout_a and_o hardy_a cavalry_n four_o he_o aver_v that_o john_n frederick_n duke_n of_o saxe_n in_o germany_n and_o piter_n four_o four_o strozzi_n in_o tuscany_n be_v both_o beat_v because_o of_o the_o multitude_n of_o their_o pikeman_n to_o the_o first_o i_o answer_v i_o do_v not_o remember_v that_o sleidan_n give_v any_o such_o reason_n for_o his_o misfortune_n neither_o do_v ever_o that_o prince_n fight_v a_o just_a battle_n with_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o most_o of_o who_o infantry_n consist_v of_o pike-man_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o the_o elector_n of_o saxe_n do_v to_o the_o second_o of_o strozzi_n i_o say_v he_o be_v rout_v because_o he_o make_v his_o retreat_n in_o the_o day_n time_n in_o view_n of_o a_o powerful_a enemy_n contrary_a to_o the_o advice_n give_v he_o by_o marshal_n monluc_n final_o he_o say_v the_o battle_n of_o ceresole_n give_v a_o good_a proof_n of_o the_o weakness_n five_o five_o of_o the_o pike-mens_n service_n and_o the_o battle_n of_o dreux_n and_o moncounter_n prove_v fatal_a say_v he_o to_o their_o leader_n who_o be_v despise_v by_o their_o enemy_n because_o their_o foot_n consist_v most_o of_o pike_n here_o mr._n lupton_n do_v himself_o a_o injury_n to_o insert_v such_o three_o ignorant_a and_o unadvised_a citation_n out_o of_o brancatio_n which_o i_o will_v clear_v at_o ceresole_n the_o famous_a alphonso_n davalo_n marquis_n of_o guast_o command_v cerâ—solâ—_n battle_n of_o cerâ—solâ—_n the_o imperial_a army_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o anguien_v the_o french_a the_o imperialist_n be_v beat_v by_o the_o cowardice_n of_o a_o batallion_n of_o their_o own_o horse_n which_o flee_v without_o fight_v which_o a_o great_a batallion_n of_o imperial_a pike_n see_v open_v and_o give_v they_o way_n the_o french_a follow_v the_o chase_n through_o that_o same_o lane_n they_o be_v past_a the_o pike_n who_o be_v no_o â—ewer_a than_o five_o thousand_o close_v again_o and_o keep_v their_o ground_n another_o imperial_a batallion_n of_o pike_n some_o spaniard_n some_o german_n fight_v with_o a_o great_a body_n of_o grison_n belong_v to_o the_o french_a and_o beat_v it_o out_o of_o the_o field_n and_o thereafter_o fight_v with_o the_o gascon_a batallion_n of_o pike_n where_o both_o party_n stand_v to_o it_o valiant_o insomuch_o that_o the_o duc_n d'anguien_v the_o french_a general_n see_v his_o grison_n overthrow_v and_o his_o gascon_n so_o shrewd_o put_v to_o it_o despair_v of_o the_o victory_n in_o this_o charge_n of_o the_o imperial_a pike_n and_o the_o gascon_n almost_o all_o the_o leader_n fall_v at_o the_o first_o shock_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n there_o come_v a_o batallion_n of_o swisser_n pike_n and_o charge_v the_o imperial_a pike_n in_o the_o flank_n and_o notwithstanding_o they_o have_v to_o do_v with_o two_o stout_a and_o redoubt_a enemy_n one_o in_o the_o van_n and_o another_o in_o the_o flank_n yet_o do_v they_o keep_v their_o rank_n and_o the_o field_n too_o after_o all_o the_o harquebusier_n on_o foot_n and_o all_o their_o cavalry_n with_o gua_v himself_o wound_v as_o he_o be_v have_v flee_v and_o then_o and_o not_o till_o then_o they_o cast_v down_o their_o arm_n and_o cry_v for_o quarter_n which_o the_o swisser_n give_v they_o spare_o enough_o at_o this_o charge_n be_v marshal_n monluc_n on_o foot_n in_o the_o head_n of_o the_o gascon_n with_o a_o pike_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o he_o it_o be_v that_o give_v we_o this_o relation_n will_v
be_v call_v tarentines_n and_o some_o have_v bow_n and_o arrow_n and_o be_v call_v scythae_n because_o the_o scythian_n delight_v much_o in_o the_o bow_n if_o you_o will_v compare_v the_o ancient_a grecian_a and_o the_o modern_a army_n use_v not_o half_a a_o age_n ago_o in_o the_o point_n of_o arm_n you_o will_v not_o find_v any_o considerable_a compare_v grecian_a and_o modern_a arm_n compare_v difference_n to_o the_o heavy_a arm_a grecian_a foot_n answer_v our_o pike-man_n when_o they_o be_v and_o still_o shall_v be_v arm_v with_o head-piece_n back_o and_o breast_n greeves_n and_o taslet_n except_o in_o this_o that_o we_o want_v target_n and_o walk_v not_o in_o brazen_a boot_n to_o the_o light_n arm_v or_o velite_n of_o the_o greek_n do_v answer_v our_o bowman_n or_o harquebusier_n when_o we_o have_v they_o and_o now_o our_o musquetier_n to_o the_o grecian_a cataphracti_fw-la on_o horseback_n correspond_v our_o gens_n d'arm_n or_o cuirassier_n arm_v with_o lance_n when_o they_o be_v in_o fashion_n and_o now_o with_o pistol_n and_o carabine_n to_o the_o light_a arm_a horseman_n call_v sagittarii_fw-la or_o scythe_n you_o may_v compare_v those_o who_o the_o french_a call_v still_o archer_n arm_v former_o even_o since_o gunpowder_n be_v find_v out_o with_o bow_n and_o arrow_n and_o half_a lance_n and_o now_o with_o pistol_n or_o carabine_n to_o the_o tarentines_n answer_v general_o our_o light_a horseman_n arm_v offensive_o now_o with_o hand-gun_n and_o sword_n and_o some_o of_o they_o defensive_o with_o back_o breast_n and_o head-piece_n but_o most_o without_o any_o of_o they_o chap._n iu._n of_o their_o great_a engine_n and_o machine_n of_o their_o train_n and_o exercise_v the_o ancient_n have_v their_o artillery_n as_o well_o as_o we_o have_v these_o be_v their_o ram_n balist_n and_o catapult_n they_o have_v also_o their_o vineae_fw-la plutei_fw-la moscoli_fw-la and_o other_o engine_n whereby_o they_o make_v their_o approach_n to_o the_o wall_n of_o besiege_a â—_z i_o think_v it_o strange_a that_o some_o attribute_v the_o invention_n of_o the_o move_a or_o ambulatory_a tower_n so_o much_o admire_v by_o antiquity_n to_o demetrius_n the_o son_n of_o antigonus_n for_o to_o i_o it_o be_v clear_a enough_o that_o his_o father_n master_n the_o great_a alexander_n have_v one_o of_o they_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o gaza_n which_o be_v render_v ineffectual_a by_o the_o deep_a sand_n through_o which_o it_o can_v not_o be_v bring_v so_o tower_n the_o ambulatory_a tower_n near_o the_o wall_n as_o be_v needful_a for_o the_o wheel_n on_o which_o it_o be_v to_o move_v sink_v down_o neither_o do_v i_o think_v that_o alexander_n himself_o be_v the_o inventor_n of_o it_o whether_o the_o trojan_a horse_n who_o belly_n be_v stuff_v with_o arm_a man_n may_v be_v such_o a_o machine_n as_o this_o or_o whether_o it_o have_v only_o its_o existency_n in_o the_o poet_n brain_n be_v no_o great_a matter_n but_o because_o the_o roman_n use_v all_o these_o warlike_a engine_n at_o the_o expugnation_n and_o propugnation_n of_o town_n i_o shall_v refer_v my_o reader_n concern_v they_o to_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o roman_a militia_n where_o i_o shall_v also_o show_v he_o the_o substance_n of_o what_o aeneas_n a_o ancient_a grecian_a tactick_a say_v on_o that_o subject_n here_o i_o shall_v only_o observe_v that_o as_o the_o grecian_n be_v very_o apt_a to_o usurp_v to_o themselves_o the_o invention_n of_o many_o art_n and_o science_n which_o they_o steal_v from_o other_o so_o it_o will_v be_v find_v that_o many_o of_o these_o machine_n be_v use_v in_o the_o world_n before_o the_o grecian_n be_v so_o much_o know_v as_o afterward_o they_o come_v to_o be_v we_o read_v in_o the_o seventeen_o chapter_n of_o the_o second_o book_n of_o the_o chronicle_n that_o ozias_n king_n of_o judah_n by_o the_o invention_n of_o skilful_a master_n make_v and_o plant_v on_o the_o tower_n and_o corner_n of_o the_o wall_n of_o jerusalem_n engine_n which_o shoot_v arrow_n dart_n and_o great_a stone_n and_o these_o be_v no_o other_o than_o those_o machine_n the_o greek_n call_v catapult_n and_o balist_n and_o this_o be_v long_o before_o the_o overthrow_n and_o defeat_v of_o the_o persian_a monarch_n grecian_n these_o machine_n not_o invent_v by_o the_o grecian_n make_v greece_n famous_a in_o the_o habitable_a world_n some_o think_v moses_n invent_v they_o and_o i_o think_v they_o may_v as_o well_o fancy_n he_o invent_v the_o move_a tower_n of_o all_o which_o hereafter_o whereof_o i_o speak_v but_o just_a now_o but_o the_o place_n allege_v for_o this_o which_o be_v the_o last_o verse_n of_o the_o twenty_o chapter_n of_o deuteronomy_n will_v not_o justify_v that_o for_o it_o be_v say_v there_o as_o the_o italian_a translation_n have_v it_o thou_o shall_v cut_v down_o those_o tree_n which_o bear_v no_o fruit_n and_o make_v bulwark_n bastioni_fw-la of_o they_o against_o those_o city_n thou_o be_v to_o besiege_v and_o though_o lipsius_n and_o tâ—rduzzi_n think_v that_o here_o be_v only_o mean_v stake_n and_o pallisadoe_n for_o rampart_n and_o sconce_n yet_o i_o may_v without_o heresy_n believe_v that_o the_o vineâ—_n and_o plutei_fw-la of_o which_o we_o read_v in_o latin_a history_n may_v be_v mean_v in_o the_o text_n and_o the_o ram_n also_o wherewith_o i_o suppose_v joshua_n may_v have_v batter_v the_o wall_n of_o those_o city_n which_o he_o have_v no_o authority_n from_o the_o almighty_a to_o beat_v down_o with_o the_o sound_n of_o ram_n horn_n as_o he_o do_v the_o strong_a wall_n of_o jericho_n the_o grecian_n be_v very_o exact_a in_o training_n and_o drill_v both_o their_o horse_n and_o foot_n and_o without_o question_n they_o teach_v their_o soldier_n very_o perfect_o to_o handle_v and_o manage_v all_o the_o arm_n they_o be_v appoint_v to_o carry_v whether_o those_o be_v javelin_n dart_n stone_n sling_n sword_n pike_n lance_n mace_n or_o bow_n and_o arrow_n and_o as_o careful_a they_o be_v to_o teach_v they_o those_o motion_n exercise_n grecian_a word_n of_o exercise_n and_o evolution_n whereby_o their_o body_n whether_o small_a or_o great_a change_v their_o present_a posture_n into_o another_o either_o by_o face_n doubling_n countermarche_n or_o wheeling_n and_o though_o the_o european_a nation_n be_v force_v to_o find_v out_o word_n of_o command_n each_o in_o their_o own_o language_n to_o teach_v the_o use_n and_o handle_n of_o the_o pistol_n carabine_n harquebus_n musket_n or_o any_o other_o fire-gun_n in_o regard_n none_o of_o those_o be_v know_v to_o any_o of_o the_o autient_n yet_o the_o handle_n of_o the_o pike_n be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o its_o posture_n that_o the_o grecian_n have_v and_o all_o our_o european_a word_n of_o command_n for_o the_o motion_n and_o evolution_n of_o body_n be_v borrow_v from_o the_o greek_a by_o example_n that_o which_o they_o call_v we_o all_o one_o with_o we_o declina_fw-la in_o hastam_fw-la we_o call_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n that_o which_o with_o they_o be_v declina_fw-la in_o scutum_fw-la with_o we_o be_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n because_o they_o carry_v their_o pike_n on_o their_o right_a shoulder_n and_o their_o target_n on_o the_o left_a their_o inflectio_fw-la in_o hastam_fw-la aut_fw-la scutum_fw-la be_v our_o right_n or_o leave_v about_o jugare_o with_o they_o be_v to_o my_o sense_n though_o i_o know_v other_o think_v not_o so_o to_o double_a rank_n their_o intercalatio_n be_v our_o double_v of_o file_n reddere_fw-la in_o arrectum_fw-la be_v as_o you_o be_v it_o be_v needless_a to_o give_v you_o more_o since_o most_o of_o our_o modern_a word_n be_v the_o same_o with_o they_o and_o be_v obvious_a in_o most_o language_n yet_o here_o i_o shall_v take_v liberty_n to_o speak_v a_o little_a of_o both_o their_o and_o our_o counter-marche_n that_o hereafter_o i_o need_v not_o trouble_n either_o myself_o or_o my_o reader_n with_o that_o point_n of_o exercise_n for_o which_o i_o have_v so_o small_a a_o esteem_n they_o call_v a_o countermarch_v evolutio_fw-la per_fw-la versum_fw-la and_o they_o have_v three_o kind_n of_o it_o which_o be_v yet_o retain_v in_o our_o modern_a exercise_n and_o these_o be_v the_o macedonian_a the_o lacedaemonian_a and_o the_o persian_a which_o be_v also_o call_v the_o choraean_a the_o macedonian_a be_v when_o the_o batallion_n be_v command_v to_o take_v up_o as_o much_o ground_n in_o the_o van_n as_o it_o possess_v before_o ere_o he_o who_o be_v leader_n face_v countermarch_v macedonian_a countermarch_v to_o the_o rear_n it_o be_v do_v thus_o he_o who_o be_v in_o the_o rear_n march_v through_o or_o between_o two_o file_n to_o the_o van_n and_o then_o without_o a_o alt_z so_o many_o foot_n beyond_o the_o file-leader_n as_o the_o body_n at_o their_o due_a distance_n possess_v all_o the_o rest_n that_o be_v in_o the_o file_n before_o he_o follow_v he_o in_o order_n as_o they_o stand_v till_o
power_n to_o appeal_v from_o the_o tribune_n to_o the_o consul_n observe_v here_o that_o no_o man_n can_v be_v choose_v to_o be_v a_o officer_n but_o he_o who_o have_v serve_v out_o half_a his_o time_n which_o be_v this_o the_o horseman_n be_v oblige_v to_o serve_v ten_o year_n and_o the_o foot_n twenty_o suppose_v still_o that_o they_o be_v not_o mutilate_v or_o make_v unserviceable_a in_o the_o war_n after_o that_o they_o be_v emeriti_fw-la milites_fw-la and_o be_v to_o get_v their_o dimission_n serve_v how_o long_o a_o roman_a soldier_n be_v bind_v to_o serve_v and_o this_o sometime_o occasion_v mutiny_n when_o the_o state_n can_v not_o convenient_o spare_v they_o the_o member_n elect_v for_o the_o war_n be_v not_o to_o be_v under_o seventeen_o year_n old_a nor_o above_o forty_o seven_o but_o it_o be_v strange_a how_o vegetius_n in_o the_o fourteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n against_o the_o current_n of_o all_o writer_n affirm_v that_o those_o of_o fourteen_o year_n old_a shall_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o election_n if_o the_o ancient_a custom_n say_v he_o be_v observe_v but_o these_o dimission_n be_v sometime_o dispense_v with_o when_o reason_n of_o state_n require_v it_o and_o livy_n say_v that_o in_o the_o macedonian_a war_n there_o be_v no_o cessation_n from_o arm_n nor_o dimission_n grant_v but_o to_o those_o who_o be_v past_o the_o fifty_o year_n of_o their_o age_n if_o any_o absent_v themselves_o from_o the_o time_n and_o place_n ordain_v for_o election_n they_o be_v punish_v but_o how_o neither_o polybius_n nor_o vegetius_n tell_v we_o but_o lipsius_n punish_v absent_v from_o election_n how_o punish_v that_o great_a investigator_n of_o antiquity_n out_o of_o history_n inform_v we_o that_o sometime_o they_o be_v fine_v in_o money_n or_o bestial_a sometime_o they_o have_v all_o or_o most_o of_o their_o good_n take_v from_o they_o some_o of_o they_o be_v corporal_o punish_v by_o bond_n and_o imprisonment_n some_o of_o they_o have_v whip_v with_o rod_n and_o some_o have_v their_o finger_n and_o thumb_n cut_v off_o and_o many_o of_o they_o be_v sell_v for_o slave_n he_o say_v also_o that_o some_o person_n be_v appoint_v who_o he_o call_v conquisitores_fw-la to_o search_v out_o and_o find_v such_o delinquent_n but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n especial_o after_o the_o roman_a state_n be_v convert_v into_o a_o monarchy_n this_o laudable_a and_o strict_a way_n of_o election_n wear_v out_o and_o decay_v and_o instead_o of_o free_a bear_v and_o of_o the_o lusty_a and_o able_a plebeian_n soujat_n slave_n drudge_n and_o the_o servant_n of_o vintner_n and_o cook_n be_v elect_v and_o enroll_v to_o the_o disgrace_n of_o the_o roman_a militia_n and_o subversion_n of_o the_o empire_n whereof_o vegetius_n have_v just_a reason_n to_o complain_v two_o thing_n my_o reader_n must_v observe_v here_o first_o that_o beside_o this_o formal_a levy_n tumultuary_a levy_n election_n there_o be_v a_o sudden_a and_o tumultuary_a levy_n which_o be_v make_v when_o the_o danger_n be_v great_a the_o enemy_n prevail_v or_o other_o emergency_n or_o reason_n of_o state_n require_v expedition_n in_o these_o case_n no_o respect_n be_v have_v to_o age_n or_o dimission_n but_o all_o young_a and_o old_a provide_v they_o be_v fit_a for_o service_n be_v enroll_v and_o force_v to_o take_v arm_n in_o defence_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o second_o thing_n to_o be_v observe_v be_v that_o though_o most_o author_n say_v that_o so_o long_o as_o the_o roman_a state_n keep_v up_o its_o ancient_n and_o strict_a discipline_n this_o some_o will_v have_v to_o have_v be_v do_v till_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n all_o the_o roman_a levy_n whether_o formal_a or_o tumultuary_a be_v all_o make_v of_o freemen_n notwithstanding_o i_o say_v this_o assertion_n history_n tell_v we_o that_o that_o noble_a nation_n do_v not_o tie_v itself_o so_o strict_o to_o that_o point_n of_o honour_n but_o both_o can_v and_o do_v dispense_v with_o it_o when_o the_o senator_n think_v fit_a for_o after_o the_o defeat_n at_o cannae_n they_o buy_v eight_o thousand_o slave_n from_o their_o master_n and_o enroll_v and_o arm_v they_o who_o thereafter_o for_o their_o good_a service_n do_v at_o beneventum_n be_v manumit_v nor_o be_v this_o all_o the_o dictator_n junius_n brutus_n by_o open_a proclamation_n invite_v all_o who_o be_v condemn_v for_o capital_a proclamation_n a_o strange_a proclamation_n crime_n or_o who_o be_v banish_v and_o flee_v and_o all_o who_o be_v imprison_v for_o debt_n to_o come_v and_o take_v arm_n exempt_n the_o first_o from_o all_o punishment_n and_o the_o last_o from_o all_o payment_n a_o action_n which_o seem_v not_o to_o relish_v much_o of_o justice_n but_o dura_n mater_fw-la necessitaâ—_n necessity_n will_v be_v tie_v by_o no_o law_n and_o the_o like_a be_v practise_v afterward_o in_o the_o time_n of_o most_o of_o their_o civil_a war_n chap._n iii_o of_o their_o arm_n offensive_a and_o defensive_a and_o their_o military_a oath_n nature_n teach_v we_o to_o defend_v ourselves_o before_o we_o offend_v our_o enemy_n necessary_a defensive_a armour_n most_o necessary_a and_o indeed_o if_o we_o consider_v it_o right_n all_o the_o offence_n we_o shall_v intend_v be_v our_o own_o preservation_n or_o reparation_n for_o injury_n do_v for_o this_o cause_n all_o the_o ancient_n have_v a_o especial_a care_n to_o provide_v themselves_o with_o such_o armour_n as_o may_v defend_v their_o body_n from_o the_o stroke_n bush_n or_o thrust_v of_o those_o with_o who_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v and_o there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o the_o confidence_n and_o opinion_n a_o soldier_n have_v that_o his_o body_n be_v well_o guard_v from_o danger_n do_v much_o animate_v and_o encourage_v he_o to_o attack_v his_o enemy_n the_o roman_a horseman_n as_o vâ—gâ—ce_n have_v it_o carry_v for_o the_o defensive_a a_o armour_n roman_n horseman_n defensive_a armour_n corslet_n call_v a_o cataphract_n and_o from_o this_o both_o heavy_a arm_a horse_n and_o foot_n be_v call_v cataphracti_fw-la a_o head-piece_n and_o a_o target_n which_o he_o say_v be_v short_a and_o round_o he_o speak_v not_o of_o greeves_n bâ—lly-pieces_n or_o taslet_n perhaps_o he_o be_v defective_a here_o for_o other_o author_n allow_v they_o nor_o do_v he_o mention_v boot_n though_o there_o be_v reason_n to_o think_v that_o every_o horseman_n shall_v have_v have_v two_o boot_n since_o as_o we_o shall_v see_v present_o one_o boot_n be_v allow_v to_o every_o footman_n for_o the_o roman_a horseman_n weapon_n or_o offensive_a arm_n we_o must_v consult_v polybius_n who_o give_v they_o a_o sword_n and_o a_o lance_n the_o sword_n long_o than_o that_o a_o foot_n soldier_n carry_v it_o be_v strange_a that_o vegetâ—â—s_n speak_v nothing_o of_o this_o some_o author_n say_v the_o horseman_n carry_v like_o wise_a some_o dart_n weapon_n offensive_a weapon_n which_o may_v be_v probable_a josephus_n inform_v we_o that_o they_o carry_v lance_n long_a sword_n and_o two_o or_o three_o dart_n within_o their_o shield_n the_o point_n whereof_o he_o say_v be_v as_o long_o as_o that_o of_o a_o lance_n and_o the_o lance_n have_v two_o point_n one_o at_o each_o end_n it_o may_v be_v so_o in_o josephus_n time_n but_o the_o ancient_a roman_a horseman_n make_v use_v of_o no_o dart_n how_o the_o light_a horseman_n be_v arm_v i_o can_v tell_v you_o many_o very_o probable_o say_v that_o no_o light_a horse_n be_v make_v use_n of_o till_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o but_o a_o few_o of_o they_o at_o first_o and_o if_o this_o be_v true_a vegece_n may_v have_v tell_v we_o how_o they_o be_v arm_v since_o he_o live_v under_o a_o emperor_n the_o roman_a heavy_a arm_a foot_n wear_v headpiece_n back_o and_o belly-piece_n arm_v foot_n heavy_a arm_v and_o taslet_n all_o these_o of_o iron_n or_o brass_n they_o have_v likewise_o iron_n boot_n but_o how_o many_o be_v a_o question_n polybius_n seem_v to_o allow_v they_o two_o for_o he_o speak_v of_o boot_n in_o the_o plural_a number_n vegetius_n say_v they_o have_v each_o but_o one_o boot_n armour_n their_o defensive_a armour_n which_o he_o affirm_v they_o wear_v on_o their_o right_a leg_n his_o word_n be_v dexâ—ris_fw-la cruribus_fw-la because_o as_o some_o imagine_v their_o target_n defend_v their_o left_a leg_n when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o shock_n yet_o for_o all_o this_o livy_n in_o the_o four_o book_n of_o his_o first_o decad_n say_v the_o samnite_n wear_v their_o iron_n boot_v on_o their_o left_a leg_n perhaps_o so_o do_v the_o roman_n their_o neighbour_n but_o we_o shall_v meet_v with_o great_a uncertainty_n i_o shall_v now_o speak_v particular_o of_o some_o of_o these_o arm_n and_o weapon_n though_o vegeiâ—â—s_n do_v much_o commend_v the_o ancient_a roman_a arm_n and_o lay_v the_o blame_n of_o the_o loss_n the_o empire_n suffer_v by_o the_o goth_n and_o huns_n on_o the_o want_n of_o these_o arm_n
we_o read_v prima_fw-la acies_fw-la hastatâ—rum_fw-la manipuli_fw-la error_n lipsius_n mend_v the_o error_n quindecâ—â—_fw-la we_o shall_v read_v manipulique_fw-la decem_fw-la and_o so_o there_o be_v always_o ten_o maniple_n of_o hâ—stati_fw-la but_o not_o fifteen_o for_o triginta_fw-la manipulâ—râ—m_fw-la agmen_fw-la which_o be_v mean_v of_o both_o hâ—stati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la read_v vigiâ—ti_n and_o so_o there_o be_v but_o twenty_o maniple_n of_o both_o these_o class_n and_o where_o the_o vulgar_a decade_n bear_v quia_fw-la sub_fw-la signis_fw-la alii_fw-la quindeâ—im_fw-la ordines_fw-la locabantur_fw-la we_o ought_v to_o read_v alii_fw-la decem_fw-la ordine_fw-la not_o ordines_fw-la locabantur_fw-la alii_fw-la decem_fw-la of_o what_o of_o maples_n and_o so_o be_v ten_o maniple_n of_o the_o triarii_n as_o there_o be_v twenty_o of_o the_o other_o two_o class_n we_o have_v no_o more_o but_o our_o just_a number_n of_o thirty_o maniple_n in_o the_o whole_a legion_n four_o where_o you_o find_v it_o write_v earum_fw-la unamquamque_fw-la scilicet_fw-la partem_fw-la primum_fw-la pilum_fw-la vocabant_fw-la lipsius_n desire_v you_o to_o read_v earum_fw-la unamquamque_fw-la primam_fw-la primum_fw-la pilum_fw-la vocabant_fw-la lipsius_n tell_v we_o all_o this_o by_o piecemeal_n as_o i_o have_v tell_v it_o you_o terduzzi_n sum_n it_o up_o together_o in_o latin_a and_o then_o translate_v it_o into_o his_o italian_a language_n i_o shall_v give_v it_o you_o in_o english_a thus_o every_o ordo_fw-la that_o be_v centuriate_a have_v sixty_o two_o soldier_n one_o centurion_n and_o one_o colour_n the_o first_o acies_fw-la or_o batallion_n be_v of_o hastati_fw-la in_o it_o be_v ten_o maniple_n distant_a a_o little_a one_o from_o another_o these_o be_v the_o flower_n of_o the_o youth_n as_o many_o maniple_n of_o a_o more_o robu_v age_n follow_v who_o be_v call_v principes_fw-la those_o who_o follow_v they_o be_v all_o targeteer_n in_o brave_a armour_n that_o body_n of_o twenty_o maniple_n be_v call_v antepilani_n because_o under_o the_o ensign_n other_o ten_o be_v place_v in_o order_n every_o first_o whereof_o be_v call_v primum_fw-la pilum_fw-la assure_o lipsius_n have_v very_o rational_o correct_v this_o corrupt_a place_n of_o livy_n and_o have_v render_v it_o obvious_a to_o sense_n whereas_o before_o it_o be_v total_o unintelligible_a and_o i_o wish_v that_o this_o place_n of_o lipsius_n amendment_n be_v always_o insert_v when_o livy_n be_v reprint_v but_o i_o wish_v also_o that_o lipsius_n have_v mend_v another_o escape_n which_o immediate_o all_o but_o not_o all_o follow_v for_o in_o that_o same_o corrupt_a place_n of_o livius_n we_o read_v that_o every_o ordo_fw-la triariorum_fw-la tribus_fw-la ex_fw-la vexillis_fw-la constabat_fw-la that_o be_v every_o maniple_n of_o they_o have_v three_o ensign_n this_o impression_n lipsius_n retain_v and_o that_o bring_v he_o to_o the_o necessity_n himself_o and_o err_v himself_o whereof_o i_o tell_v you_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o infantry_n to_o say_v that_o ensign_n or_o banner_n may_v be_v without_o captain_n or_o leader_n the_o matter_n stand_v thus_o livius_n in_o this_o battle_n marshal_n the_o rorarii_fw-la behind_o the_o triarii_n and_o the_o accensi_fw-la behind_o they_o which_o at_o that_o time_n be_v politic_o do_v by_o the_o consul_n manlius_n for_o have_v to_o do_v with_o the_o latin_n who_o be_v perfect_o well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o roman_a embattel_v and_o who_o marshal_v their_o army_n in_o that_o same_o fashion_n he_o put_v those_o raw_a blade_n of_o the_o rorarii_fw-la and_o accensi_fw-la behind_o his_o experiment_a triarii_n and_o when_o the_o latin_n prevail_v over_o the_o roman_a hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la the_o consul_n subtle_o cause_v the_o rorarii_fw-la and_o accensi_fw-la to_o arise_v who_o the_o latin_n conceive_v to_o be_v the_o roman_a triarii_n cause_v their_o triarii_n to_o come_v to_o the_o shock_n with_o these_o rorarii_fw-la and_o after_o some_o fight_n put_v they_o to_o flight_n then_o do_v manlius_n advance_v with_o the_o true_a and_o fresh_a roman_a triarii_n who_o easy_o overthrow_v the_o weary_a and_o something_o disorder_a latin_n over_o who_o he_o gain_v a_o glorious_a victory_n now_o observe_v that_o the_o rorarii_fw-la and_o accensi_fw-la be_v velites_n and_o so_o have_v neither_o officer_n nor_o colour_n and_o that_o every_o maniple_n of_o the_o triarii_n have_v two_o centurion_n and_o two_o ensign_n call_v they_o signa_n or_o vexilla_fw-la as_o you_o will_v and_o therefore_o i_o admire_v neither_o can_v i_o wonder_v enough_o why_o lipsius_n for_o ex_fw-la tribus_fw-la vexillis_fw-la will_v not_o desire_v we_o to_o read_v ex_fw-la â—uobus_fw-la vexillis_fw-la be_v every_o triarian_a maniple_n have_v two_o ensign_n and_o the_o rorarii_fw-la and_o accensi_fw-la none_n sure_o he_o may_v have_v change_v three_o into_o two_o as_o easy_o as_o thirty_o maniple_n into_o twenty_o and_o fifteen_o into_o teâ—_n and_o by_o the_o bargain_n have_v save_v himself_o from_o a_o paradox_n of_o colour_n without_o a_o captain_n and_o a_o captain_n without_o colour_n neither_o can_v i_o pass_v how_o the_o same_o lipsius_n in_o that_o same_o place_n think_v that_o livy_n mistake_v lipsius_n mistake_v shall_v be_v mend_v for_o say_v that_o the_o roman_a legion_n in_o that_o same_o war_n with_o the_o latin_n be_v five_o thousand_o strong_a for_o lipsius_n be_v of_o the_o opinion_n it_o shall_v be_v read_v four_o thousand_o and_o all_o this_o i_o think_v to_o cast_v all_o roman_a legion_n in_o polybius_n his_o mould_n of_o four_o thousand_o or_o of_o four_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o the_o reason_n he_o give_v for_o his_o judgement_n be_v i_o think_v exceed_o weak_a because_o say_v he_o livy_n in_o that_o same_o eight_o book_n of_o his_o history_n confess_v that_o ten_o year_n before_o that_o war_n the_o legion_n be_v no_o strong_a but_o four_o thousand_o foot_n a_o ill_a consequence_n for_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v true_a that_o ten_o year_n before_o the_o legion_n be_v but_o four_o thousand_o and_o yet_o it_o may_v have_v be_v think_v very_o fit_v to_o add_v one_o thousand_o to_o they_o in_o the_o time_n of_o that_o dangerous_a war_n with_o the_o latin_n the_o year_n before_o scipio_n carry_v the_o war_n out_o of_o italy_n over_o to_o africa_n the_o legion_n be_v but_o five_o thousand_o apiece_o yet_o he_o make_v some_o of_o they_o six_o thousand_o the_o year_n before_o lucius_n aemilius_n go_v to_o macedon_n the_o legion_n be_v but_o five_o thousand_o yet_o in_o that_o expedition_n of_o he_o they_o be_v make_v up_o to_o six_o thousand_o if_o one_o year_n bring_v forth_o such_o alteration_n ten_o year_n may_v have_v produce_v great_a chap._n xi_o of_o a_o legion_n marshal_v according_a to_o vegetius_n i_o may_v with_o much_o reason_n desire_v that_o from_o my_o reader_n which_o vegetius_n desire_v from_o he_o and_o that_o be_v that_o what_o be_v write_v by_o he_o on_o this_o subject_n may_v be_v attentive_o read_v and_o read_v over_o again_o because_o say_v he_o the_o description_n i_o be_o to_o give_v be_v difficult_a and_o obscure_a indeed_o what_o other_o who_o have_v peruse_v he_o have_v find_v i_o know_v not_o but_o i_o be_o sure_a i_o find_v his_o description_n of_o a_o legion_n both_o difficult_a and_o obscure_a as_o he_o have_v make_v it_o this_o he_o preface_v in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n and_o in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o that_o same_o book_n he_o give_v we_o the_o order_n of_o a_o legion_n and_o the_o marshal_n it_o in_o this_o manner_n you_o must_v know_v say_v he_o that_o in_o every_o legion_n there_o be_v ten_o cohort_n legion_n the_o first_o batallion_n of_o vegetius_n his_o legion_n but_o the_o first_o excel_v the_o rest_n both_o in_o number_n and_o dignity_n it_o consist_v of_o the_o choice_a man_n and_o with_o it_o be_v the_o eagle_n which_o be_v the_o prime_a banner_n in_o every_o legion_n this_o cohort_n have_v in_o it_o one_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o and_o five_o soldier_n of_o foot_n and_o one_o hundred_o thirty_o two_o heavy_a arm_a horseman_n it_o be_v call_v the_o milliary_a or_o millenary_a cohort_n and_o be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o legion_n for_o from_o it_o when_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o first_o batallion_n be_v marshal_v the_o second_o cohort_n consist_v of_o five_o hundred_o fifty_o five_o foot_n and_o sixty_o six_o horse_n and_o be_v call_v the_o cohort_n of_o five_o hundred_o the_o three_o cohort_n have_v the_o like_a number_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n but_o in_o it_o say_v he_o there_o must_v be_v the_o able_a man_n because_o it_o stand_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o batallion_n the_o four_o cohort_n have_v five_o hundred_o fifty_o five_o foot_n and_o sixty_o six_o horse_n the_o five_o have_v just_a as_o many_o but_o it_o have_v need_v say_v he_o to_o be_v compose_v of_o very_o stout_a soldier_n because_o as_o the_o first_o cohort_n be_v to_o stand_v on_o the_o
be_v the_o ancient_a custom_n we_o require_v of_o he_o for_o it_o be_v these_o he_o promise_v to_o we_o but_o if_o we_o take_v in_o all_o these_o three_o body_n of_o light_a arm_a foot_n which_o he_o so_o frequent_o mention_n in_o the_o number_n of_o the_o legion_n as_o rolybius_n do_v the_o velite_n in_o his_o legion_n and_o proportion_v 400_o light_n arm_v for_o every_o 1000_o heavy_a arm_v as_o the_o same_o polybius_n do_v then_o vegetius_n his_o legion_n shall_v exceed_v 8500_o of_o which_o we_o read_v in_o no_o story_n now_o if_o all_o these_o instance_n i_o have_v give_v out_o of_o livius_n and_o in_o another_o place_n shall_v give_v out_o of_o polybius_n be_v true_a than_o vegetius_n his_o assertion_n that_o a_o legion_n shall_v have_v no_o few_o than_o 6100_o heavy_a arm_v foot_n can_v have_v no_o truth_n at_o all_o in_o it_o and_o that_o also_o which_o he_o subjoin_v in_o that_o same_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n must_v be_v false_a second_o i_o can_v believe_v he_o that_o either_o every_o troop_n consist_v of_o 32_o horse_n error_n second_o error_n or_o that_o 726_o rider_n belong_v to_o every_o legion_n if_o i_o trust_v either_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o i_o must_v give_v the_o lie_n to_o two_o more_o ancient_a writer_n than_o himself_o that_o be_v polybius_n and_o livius_n the_o last_o whereof_o in_o his_o seven_o book_n say_v four_o legion_n be_v elect_v and_o for_o every_o one_o of_o they_o 300_o horse_n in_o the_o dangerous_a war_n against_o hannibal_n no_o more_o but_o 300_o horse_n for_o a_o legion_n livy_n in_o his_o nine_o book_n speak_v but_o of_o 300_o horse_n for_o every_o legion_n in_o the_o war_n with_o the_o samnite_n in_o the_o great_a battle_n of_o cannae_n they_o be_v but_o 300_o as_o that_o historian_n witness_v in_o his_o 22_o book_n in_o his_o 29_o book_n he_o say_v scipio_n have_v no_o more_o in_o africa_n but_o 300_o horse_n for_o every_o legion_n the_o foot_n whereof_o be_v 6200._o and_o his_o brother_n lucius_n scipio_n have_v no_o more_o in_o asia_n but_o 300_o for_o every_o legion_n of_o 5400_o foot_n neither_o have_v the_o consul_n aemilius_n more_o horse_n for_o a_o legion_n in_o macedon_n than_o 300_o though_o the_o foot_n be_v 6000._o once_o i_o read_v in_o livy_n it_o be_v in_o his_o 40_o book_n and_o if_o i_o remember_v right_a it_o be_v against_o the_o ligurian_o that_o 400_o horse_n be_v ordain_v for_o each_o legion_n otherwise_o according_a to_o livius_n the_o number_n be_v constant_o 300._o polybius_n all_o along_o in_o his_o history_n allot_v no_o more_o horse_n to_o a_o legion_n but_o 300_o except_o once_o and_o i_o pray_v you_o observe_v it_o it_o be_v in_o his_o second_o book_n where_o he_o say_v the_o senate_n send_v two_o legion_n to_o sicily_n each_o consist_v of_o 4000_o foot_n and_o 200_o horse_n and_o as_o this_o be_v the_o least_o number_n i_o read_v of_o so_o that_o of_o livy_n 400_o horse_n against_o the_o ligurian_o be_v the_o great_a number_n of_o horse_n for_o one_o legion_n in_o the_o war_n against_o both_o the_o gaul_n and_o carthaginian_n polybius_n give_v but_o 300_o horse_n to_o every_o legion_n in_o the_o divide_v his_o 726_o rider_n vegetius_n err_v twice_o first_o for_o allow_v 22_o turm_n or_o troop_n to_o the_o cavalry_n ten_o be_v the_o ordinary_a number_n next_o for_o allow_v 32_o rider_n to_o each_o troop_n whereas_o there_o be_v but_o 30_o both_o which_o assertion_n of_o i_o be_v ground_v on_o history_n and_o be_v likewise_o take_v out_o of_o polybius_n his_o six_o book_n as_o i_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o roman_a cavalry_n beside_o our_o author_n error_n in_o calculo_fw-la may_v be_v charge_v on_o he_o as_o a_o peccadillo_n for_o though_o we_o shall_v admit_v 22_o troop_n in_o every_o legion_n and_o thirty_o two_o rider_n in_o every_o troop_n the_o number_n will_v not_o amount_v to_o 726_o for_o multiply_v 32_o by_o 22_o the_o aggregate_v will_v be_v but_o 704._o but_o in_o step_n stevechius_n and_o lend_v vegetius_n his_o hand_n and_o say_v the_o decurion_n must_v be_v add_v who_o be_v 22_o in_o number_n one_o for_o every_o troop_n make_v vegetius_n his_o number_n 726_o complete_a but_o this_o shall_v not_o help_v he_o for_o decurion_n standard-bearer_n trumpeter_n or_o horn-winders_a if_o troop_n have_v any_o of_o the_o last_o be_v all_o of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o 30_o and_o none_o of_o they_o supernumerary_n as_o i_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v out_o of_o polybius_n in_o my_o discourse_n of_o cavalry_n and_o therefore_o they_o must_v be_v of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o 32_o likewise_o and_o if_o i_o shall_v permit_v stevechius_n to_o make_v the_o decurions_n supernumeraries_n he_o will_v be_v oblige_v to_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o reckon_v the_o cornet_n and_o trumpeter_n not_o to_o be_v of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o 32_o and_o these_o be_v 44_o in_o number_n will_v increase_v the_o horse_n of_o every_o legion_n to_o 770_o and_o if_o he_o please_v he_o may_v reckon_v the_o turmae_fw-la coactores_fw-la or_o bringer_n up_o who_o by_o polybius_n his_o account_n be_v three_o for_o every_o turme_n and_o consequent_o 66_o in_o 22_o troop_n and_o then_o a_o addition_n be_v make_v of_o all_o we_o shall_v find_v the_o aggregate_v of_o the_o horse_n for_o vegetius_n his_o legion_n to_o be_v 836._o the_o three_o complaint_n i_o make_v be_v that_o vegetius_n marshal_n two_o troop_n of_o horse_n error_n three_o error_n with_o every_o cohort_n and_o four_o troop_n with_o the_o first_o cohort_n observe_v that_o here_o it_o be_v not_o the_o question_n whether_o this_o way_n of_o marshal_n be_v good_a or_o not_o nor_o be_v it_o the_o question_n whether_o it_o be_v not_o good_a that_o foot_n &_o horse_n shall_v be_v near_o one_o another_o when_o they_o fight_v but_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o ancient_a roman_n use_v this_o way_n or_o not_o or_o if_o this_o be_v the_o right_a way_n of_o order_v or_o marshal_n a_o old_a legion_n which_o vegetius_n promise_v to_o give_v we_o i_o aver_v it_o be_v not_o and_o i_o know_v no_o old_a author_n will_v contradict_v my_o assertion_n it_o will_v be_v lose_v labour_n to_o instance_n these_o battle_n describe_v by_o ancient_a historian_n who_o mention_v nothing_o like_o this_o manner_n of_o embattel_v in_o my_o discourse_n of_o both_o infantry_n and_o cavalry_n i_o have_v show_v how_o horseman_n have_v fight_v on_o foot_n how_o they_o have_v fight_v with_o horse_n unbridled_a and_o how_o foot_n and_o horse_n have_v be_v mingle_v together_o in_o skirmish_n and_o battle_n but_o i_o read_v not_o in_o any_o author_n of_o this_o method_n of_o marshal_n that_o vegetius_n speak_v of_o nay_o the_o current_n of_o history_n evince_v the_o contrary_a for_o most_o part_n the_o horse_n be_v draw_v up_o in_o the_o wing_n and_o the_o foot_n in_o the_o battle_n so_o it_o be_v at_o cannae_n where_o the_o consul_n aemilius_n fight_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n with_o the_o roman_a cavalry_n and_o terentius_n varo_n on_o the_o left_a with_o the_o horse_n of_o the_o ally_n the_o like_a be_v do_v at_o the_o battle_n of_o metaurus_n against_o asdrubal_n in_o the_o two_o battle_n which_o scipio_n fight_v in_o africa_n the_o very_a same_o be_v practise_v sometime_o all_o the_o horse_n be_v marshal_v in_o one_o of_o the_o wing_n as_o caesar_n draw_v up_o all_o his_o in_o the_o right_a wing_n of_o the_o army_n and_z pompey_z most_o of_o his_o cavalry_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o his_o army_n at_o that_o great_a battle_n of_o pharsalia_n where_o these_o two_o brave_a roman_n fight_v for_o no_o less_o wager_n than_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o world_n at_o vzita_n the_o same_o caesar_n be_v to_o offer_v battle_n to_o scipio_n pompey_n father-in-law_n draw_v up_o all_o his_o horseman_n on_o the_o left-wing_n of_o his_o army_n and_o mix_v foot_n with_o they_o polybius_n in_o his_o 14_o book_n inform_v we_o that_o the_o great_a scipio_n be_v to_o fight_v against_o syphax_n marshal_v his_o roman_a horse_n in_o one_o wing_n and_o his_o auxiliary_n in_o the_o other_o and_o which_o be_v very_o observable_a against_o vegetius_n he_o say_v in_o that_o same_o place_n that_o in_o do_v so_o romana_fw-la militia_n consuetudinem_fw-la simpliciter_fw-la servavit_fw-la he_o simple_o and_o pure_o observe_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o roman_a militia_n nor_o will_v it_o be_v one_o full_a step_n out_o of_o my_o way_n to_o tell_v you_o that_o i_o think_v horse_n do_v not_o at_o all_o belong_v to_o a_o legion_n it_o be_v as_o i_o suppose_v whole_o compose_v of_o foot_n legious_a horse_n belong_v not_o proper_o to_o legious_a for_o though_o most_o historian_n tell_v we_o that_o when_o legion_n be_v levy_v horse_n be_v also_o raise_v and_o punctual_o for_o every_o
officer_v marshal_v encamp_v and_o discipline_v according_a to_o the_o roman_a custom_n only_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o those_o who_o command_v roman_a legion_n be_v call_v tribune_n but_o those_o who_o command_v the_o legion_n of_o the_o ally_n be_v call_v prafecti_n i_o conceive_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o title_n be_v this_o the_o tribune_n be_v elect_v for_o most_o part_n by_o the_o tribe_n whence_o he_o have_v his_o name_n tribunus_n but_o those_o of_o the_o ally_n roman_n consul_n power_n over_o the_o ally_n ally_n be_v nominate_v by_o the_o roman_a consul_n for_o the_o ally_n have_v no_o power_n to_o appoint_v or_o commissionate_v their_o own_o praefecti_fw-la that_o have_v entrench_v too_o much_o upon_o the_o lordly_a power_n the_o roman_n still_o keep_v in_o their_o own_o hand_n and_o be_v bind_v most_o strong_o to_o obey_v that_o consul_n with_o who_o they_o join_v so_o we_o see_v how_o little_a difference_n the_o haughty_a roman_n make_v between_o their_o confederated_a friend_n and_o their_o vassal_n which_o i_o hint_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o chapter_n and_o in_o this_o point_n the_o consul_n have_v more_o power_n over_o the_o ally_n than_o over_o the_o roman_n themselves_o for_o the_o roman_a people_n for_o most_o part_n choose_v the_o roman_a tribune_n and_o not_o the_o consul_n chap._n xvi_o of_o a_o roman_a consular_a army_n and_o some_o mistake_v concern_v it_o i_o know_v not_o from_o whence_o this_o denomination_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n be_v come_v unless_o it_o be_v that_o polybius_n in_o his_o six_o book_n say_v that_o ordinary_o every_o year_n four_o legion_n be_v levy_v for_o the_o state_n service_n two_o for_o every_o consul_n and_o this_o livy_n do_v witness_v to_o have_v be_v do_v often_o but_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o have_v assert_v that_o a_o consul_n never_o have_v more_o or_o few_o legion_n in_o his_o army_n than_o two_o polybius_n mean_v that_o a_o consular_a army_n consist_v for_o most_o part_n of_o two_o roman_a legion_n six_o hundred_o horse_n with_o two_o legion_n of_o ally_n and_o twelve_o hundred_o horse_n but_o he_o never_o say_v that_o it_o be_v constant_o so_o for_o than_o he_o have_v contradict_v his_o own_o history_n in_o many_o place_n but_o i_o rather_o conceive_v author_n call_v that_o a_o consular_a army_n which_o have_v in_o it_o the_o above_o specify_v number_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n by_o the_o authority_n and_o upon_o the_o word_n of_o vegetius_n who_o describe_v both_o a_o praetorian_a and_o a_o consular_a army_n in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n i_o shall_v army_n vegetius_n describe_v a_o praetorian_a and_o a_o consular_a army_n faithful_o english_a his_o word_n thus_o the_o ancient_n say_v he_o have_v by_o exrerience_n learned_a to_o obviate_v difficulty_n choose_v rather_o to_o have_v skilful_a than_o numerous_a army_n â—_o therefore_o they_o think_v in_o war_n of_o lesser_a moment_n one_o legion_n with_o the_o auxiliary_n that_o be_v ten_o thousand_o foot_n and_o two_o thousand_o horse_n may_v suffice_v which_o the_o praetor_n as_o lesser_a chieftan_n often_o lead_v in_o expedition_n but_o if_o the_o enemy_n be_v report_v to_o be_v strong_a than_o a_o consular_a power_n with_o twenty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o four_o thousand_o horse_n be_v send_v with_o a_o great_a captain_n but_o if_o a_o infinite_a multitude_n of_o the_o fierce_a nation_n do_v rebel_v than_o too_o great_a necessity_n force_v they_o two_o chieftan_n with_o two_o army_n be_v send_v with_o this_o command_n that_o either_o the_o one_o consul_n or_o both_o shall_v look_v to_o it_o that_o the_o commonwealth_n shall_v receive_v no_o damage_n in_o fine_a say_v he_o since_o the_o roman_a people_n be_v to_o make_v war_n almost_o himself_o and_o contradict_v himself_o every_o year_n in_o several_a country_n against_o divers_a enemy_n they_o think_v these_o force_n may_v suffice_v because_o they_o judge_v it_o be_v not_o so_o profitable_a to_o entertain_v great_a army_n as_o those_o that_o be_v well_o exercise_v and_o train_v in_o arm_n thus_o far_o vegetius_n let_v we_o take_v his_o discourse_n in_o piece_n and_o examine_v it_o according_a to_o his_o own_o writing_n and_o no_o man_n else_o first_o in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o aver_v there_o shall_v be_v no_o army_n first_o in_o the_o praetorian_a army_n few_o in_o a_o legion_n than_o six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o foot_n and_o seven_o hundred_o twenty_o six_o horse_n in_o this_o place_n he_o say_v a_o praetorian_a army_n wherein_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o legion_n of_o roman_n and_o another_o of_o ally_n shall_v have_v ten_o thousand_o foot_n and_o two_o thousand_o horse_n the_o foot_n two_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o few_o than_o in_o his_o own_o account_n there_o shall_v be_v in_o two_o legion_n and_o the_o horse_n five_o hundred_o forty_o eight_o more_o than_o himself_o allow_v to_o the_o cavalry_n of_o two_o legion_n and_o to_o let_v we_o see_v that_o he_o will_v keep_v a_o proportionable_a way_n in_o contradict_v army_n second_o in_o a_o consular_a army_n himself_o he_o say_v against_o a_o strong_a enemy_n a_o consul_n be_v send_v with_o twenty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o four_o thousand_o horse_n and_o that_o be_v as_o he_o explain_v himself_o in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n two_o legion_n of_o roman_n with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o ally_n now_o i_o beseech_v you_o hear_v he_o speak_v for_o himself_o and_o first_o in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o say_v that_o the_o legion_n must_v consist_v of_o six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o foot_n and_o seven_o hundred_o twenty_o six_o horse_n second_o in_o this_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n he_o make_v four_o legion_n of_o the_o roman_a and_o ally_n foot_n to_o be_v but_o twenty_o thousand_o which_o by_o his_o own_o rule_n shall_v have_v be_v twenty_o four_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o for_o his_o word_n former_o be_v that_o no_o legion_n shall_v be_v under_o six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o and_o those_o heavy_a arm_v too_o and_o whereas_o by_o his_o own_o appointment_n in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n every_o legion_n shall_v have_v have_v seven_o hundred_o twenty_o six_o horse_n more_o than_o any_o other_o author_n allow_v in_o this_o chapter_n he_o increase_v their_o number_n to_o one_o thousand_o for_o he_o order_v the_o horse_n of_o four_o legion_n to_o be_v full_a four_o thousand_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n four_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o below_o and_o the_o horse_n one_o thousand_o ninety_o six_o above_o his_o own_o allowance_n you_o see_v how_o vegetius_n clash_v with_o vegetius_n it_o be_v not_o i_o that_o quarrel_n with_o he_o in_o the_o second_o place_n he_o say_v if_o a_o infinite_a multitude_n of_o fierce_a nation_n rebel_v rebel_v against_o who_o certain_o he_o mean_v against_o the_o roman_n but_o how_o can_v they_o rebel_v before_o they_o profess_v to_o be_v subject_a assure_o these_o fierce_a nation_n he_o speak_v of_o swear_v neither_o fealty_n nor_o homage_n to_o romulus_n nor_o rome_n when_o inadvertency_n his_o inadvertency_n he_o first_o found_v it_o if_o they_o defend_v themselves_o so_o long_o as_o they_o can_v from_o the_o dominion_n of_o stranger_n they_o do_v what_o nature_n command_v they_o and_o be_v no_o rebel_n he_o will_v find_v spain_n itself_o after_o long_a and_o bloody_a war_n never_o reduce_v to_o a_o province_n till_o augustus_n time_n you_o see_v what_o word_n his_o inadvertency_n prompt_v he_o to_o utter_v in_o this_o case_n of_o a_o great_a rebellion_n he_o say_v two_o consul_n with_o the_o army_n be_v join_v together_o with_o a_o command_n to_o look_v to_o it_o that_o the_o commonwealth_n suffer_v no_o damage_n but_o this_o command_n be_v give_v many_o time_n when_o two_o consul_n do_v not_o nor_o need_v not_o bring_v their_o force_n together_o three_o you_o have_v hear_v he_o aver_v that_o in_o the_o great_a war_n which_o the_o roman_a state_n manage_v their_o great_a army_n consist_v of_o twenty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o four_o thousand_o horse_n twenty_o four_o thousand_o in_o all_o and_o that_o two_o of_o those_o army_n join_v together_o make_v of_o both_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o combatant_n do_v suffice_v in_o the_o great_a danger_n true_o vegetius_n if_o hannibal_n have_v be_v alive_a story_n his_o contradiction_n of_o roman_a story_n when_o you_o write_v this_o he_o can_v have_v inform_v you_o that_o he_o force_v your_o master_n the_o roman_n to_o join_v two_o such_o army_n and_o more_o before_o ever_o they_o have_v to_o do_v with_o those_o fierce_a nation_n you_o speak_v of_o except_o a_o few_o spaniard_n and_o the_o cisalpine_a or_o italian_a gaul_n unless_o you_o take_v the_o sicilian_n and_o carthaginian_n to_o be_v those_o fierce_a nation_n with_o the_o
than_o we_o be_v before_o their_o invention_n of_o the_o truth_n whereof_o take_v a_o short_a view_n what_o vast_a province_n and_o goodly_a country_n the_o turk_n since_o the_o birth_n of_o gunpowder_n have_v acquire_v in_o asia_n africa_n and_o europe_n be_v obvious_a to_o our_o sight_n though_o the_o history_n of_o all_o nation_n be_v silent_a and_o though_o in_o the_o general_n we_o be_v tell_v militia_n we_o have_v but_o confuse_a notion_n of_o the_o turkish_a militia_n that_o his_o order_n be_v good_a the_o government_n and_o discipline_n observe_v in_o his_o numerous_a army_n be_v strict_a and_o excellent_a yet_o the_o particular_n have_v be_v hitherto_o relate_v to_o we_o but_o very_o confuse_o neither_o do_v mr._n rycaut_n in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o ottoman_a empire_n print_v a_o few_o year_n ago_o help_v we_o much_o but_o rather_o give_v we_o occasion_n to_o think_v that_o the_o turk_n have_v lose_v their_o ancient_a art_n of_o war_n or_o if_o they_o still_o retain_v it_o we_o must_v wonder_v how_o these_o unbeliever_n have_v triumph_v over_o so_o many_o both_o christian_n and_o mahometan_a people_n with_o so_o undisciplined_a and_o disorderly_a multitude_n as_o his_o relation_n make_v they_o to_o be_v for_o he_o say_v their_o principal_a foot_n which_o be_v the_o janissary_n repute_v to_o have_v be_v the_o strength_n and_o support_v of_o that_o great_a monarchy_n fight_v confuse_o and_o the_o spahy_n who_o be_v the_o best_a of_o their_o cavalry_n fight_v likewise_o in_o little_a good_a order_n he_o say_v that_o sometime_o they_o charge_v thrice_o and_o if_o they_o then_o break_v not_o the_o enemy_n they_o fly_v and_o withal_o he_o make_v their_o artillery_n very_o insignificant_a in_o regard_n that_o as_o he_o write_v they_o have_v no_o gunner_n but_o such_o as_o either_o they_o take_v prisoner_n or_o be_v sell_v to_o they_o for_o slave_n who_o stay_v no_o long_o with_o they_o than_o any_o fair_a opportunity_n be_v offer_v they_o to_o run_v away_o though_o perhaps_o the_o victory_n which_o the_o great_a tamberlan_n obtain_v and_o the_o war_n and_o of_o tamberlans_n order_n of_o war_n celerity_n he_o use_v in_o make_v these_o conquest_n which_o have_v render_v he_o so_o famous_a be_v not_o so_o vast_a as_o story_n make_v they_o yet_o we_o may_v believe_v his_o achievement_n to_o have_v be_v extraordinary_a in_o regard_n the_o great_a mogul_n of_o india_n derive_v his_o pedigree_n in_o a_o lineal_a descent_n from_o he_o and_o at_o this_o day_n possess_v a_o vast_a and_o a_o great_a empire_n which_o be_v but_o a_o remnant_n of_o a_o far_o great_a acquire_v by_o tamberlan_n who_o discipline_n be_v cry_v up_o to_o have_v be_v exceed_v strict_a his_o art_n of_o war_n so_o exact_a and_o orderly_a that_o he_o never_o go_v out_o of_o the_o field_n without_o victory_n or_o from_o a_o besiege_a town_n without_o either_o its_o submission_n or_o destruction_n it_o be_v write_v of_o he_o that_o the_o day_n he_o fight_v with_o bajazet_n at_o mount_n stella_n his_o army_n consist_v of_o a_o million_o of_o man_n and_o yet_o he_o make_v use_v of_o they_o all_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o battle_n if_o this_o be_v all_o true_a be_v it_o not_o pity_v that_o the_o manner_n of_o his_o encamp_a besiege_v embattel_v and_o fight_v be_v not_o leave_v on_o record_n to_o posterity_n and_o to_o come_v home_o the_o scottish_a the_o english_a and_o the_o french_a history_n tell_v we_o what_o bloody_a engagement_n have_v be_v among_o they_o and_o what_o battle_n have_v be_v fight_v with_o various_a success_n but_o except_o that_o we_o be_v tell_v that_o the_o french_a english_a as_o also_o of_o the_o scötish_a french_a and_o english_a gens_n de_fw-fr arm_n be_v numerous_a beside_o their_o other_o cavalry_n that_o the_o english_a use_v the_o bow_n and_o the_o bill_n and_o have_v man_n of_o arm_n likewise_o and_o that_o the_o scot_n fight_v on_o horseback_n with_o lance_n and_o jack_n of_o mail_n and_o on_o foot_n with_o long_a pike_n battleax_n bow_n and_o two-handed_a sword_n what_o know_v we_o more_o of_o the_o art_n of_o war_n that_o any_o of_o all_o the_o three_o practise_v of_o the_o order_n they_o keep_v how_o strong_a their_o several_a body_n and_o batallion_n be_v or_o what_o name_n they_o give_v they_o how_o deep_o they_o marshal_v either_o their_o horse_n or_o foot_n how_o they_o embattel_v how_o they_o encamp_v and_o how_o they_o form_v their_o sieges_n for_o all_o these_o we_o have_v nothing_o but_o ill_a ground_a conjecture_n and_o very_o confuse_a notion_n i_o know_v not_o who_o we_o shall_v just_o blame_v for_o this_o great_a defect_n but_o the_o several_a general_n of_o several_a army_n belong_v to_o several_a nation_n and_o in_o several_a age_n who_o if_o either_o they_o can_v not_o or_o will_v not_o write_v the_o history_n of_o their_o own_o or_o other_o action_n as_o xenophon_n and_o thucydides_n among_o the_o grecian_n julius_n caesar_n and_o cato_n defective_a many_o historiographer_n defective_a among_o the_o roman_n monluc_n and_o a_o few_o other_o in_o our_o modern_a time_n yet_o i_o think_v they_o be_v oblige_v to_o cause_v their_o secretary_n to_o keep_v exact_a account_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o these_o sieges_n and_o those_o battle_n which_o under_o their_o command_n be_v either_o form_v or_o fight_v that_o so_o they_o may_v have_v be_v transmit_v to_o posterity_n some_o have_v do_v so_o but_o most_o have_v neglect_v it_o think_v it_o enough_o if_o their_o action_n be_v general_o remember_v recommend_v the_o particular_n to_o the_o information_n of_o historian_n which_o many_o time_n be_v such_o that_o it_o look_v rather_o like_o a_o romance_n than_o a_o true_a story_n but_o i_o have_v rather_o you_o shall_v hear_v monluc_n that_o famous_a marshal_n of_o france_n upon_o this_o subject_a who_o in_o the_o three_o book_n of_o his_o first_o tome_n say_v that_o historian_n who_o write_v the_o feat_n of_o war_n describe_v seldom_o or_o never_o the_o particularity_n they_o monluc_n his_o complaint_n of_o they_o of_o the_o action_n as_o how_o such_o a_o castle_n be_v surprise_v in_o what_o order_n such_o a_o town_n be_v assault_v or_o in_o what_o manner_n defend_v how_o such_o two_o army_n be_v marshal_v before_o they_o join_v in_o battle_n how_o the_o horseman_n be_v arm_v and_o how_o the_o foot_n with_o many_o more_o circumstance_n necessary_a to_o be_v know_v by_o those_o who_o in_o time_n come_v desire_n to_o be_v instruct_v and_o especial_o such_o as_o intend_v to_o serve_v their_o prince_n and_o country_n in_o military_a employment_n that_o from_o thence_o they_o may_v learn_v how_o to_o demean_v themselves_o in_o the_o like_a occasion_n but_o say_v he_o the_o whole_a multitude_n of_o historiographer_n conceive_v they_o do_v enough_o if_o they_o tell_v we_o such_o a_o battle_n be_v fight_v such_o a_o prince_n or_o general_n gain_v the_o victory_n such_o a_o city_n be_v besiege_v and_o yield_v and_o such_o a_o one_o be_v take_v by_o assault_n for_o himself_o he_o profess_v he_o write_v his_o commentary_n to_o be_v register_n of_o the_o action_n of_o his_o time_n the_o particular_n whereof_o may_v serve_v to_o inform_v those_o who_o be_v to_o come_v after_o he_o how_o to_o carry_v themselves_o either_o in_o sieges_n assault_n skirmish_n rancounter_n or_o batteâ—_n for_o those_o say_v he_o who_o think_v they_o know_v not_o so_o much_o as_o i_o will_v be_v glad_a to_o learn_v of_o i_o but_o those_o who_o fancy_n they_o know_v enough_o already_o need_v no_o master_n in_o another_o place_n he_o say_v historian_n be_v to_o be_v blame_v for_o not_o write_v particular_a thing_n and_o of_o particular_a man_n they_o think_v say_v he_o they_o do_v enough_o if_o they_o name_v prince_n or_o captain-general_n and_o pass_v over_o with_o silence_n all_o other_o person_n that_o be_v not_o of_o so_o large_a a_o stature_n thus_o far_o monluc_n marshal_n of_o france_n to_o this_o same_o purpose_n you_o may_v see_v polybius_n his_o complaint_n in_o his_o twelve_o book_n they_o polybius_n his_o complaint_n of_o they_o where_o he_o say_v historian_n first_o err_v in_o not_o write_v thing_n true_o and_o as_o they_o be_v do_v and_o next_o that_o they_o give_v no_o particular_a account_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o battle_n skirmish_n surprisal_n and_o sieges_n and_o this_o he_o attribute_v to_o their_o want_n of_o skill_n and_o therefore_o wish_v that_o all_o great_a captain_n will_v write_v the_o history_n of_o their_o own_o action_n themselves_o these_o complaint_n of_o polybius_n and_o monluc_n be_v just_a but_o i_o complain_v of_o another_o kind_n of_o historian_n who_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o give_v we_o description_n of_o all_o â—hose_v they_o the_o author_n complaint_n of_o some_o of_o they_o particularity_n without_o have_v receive_v particular_a relation_n from_o the_o principal_a
tree_n and_o the_o stake_n the_o shrub_n gustavus_n adolphus_n be_v the_o first_o swedish_n king_n that_o use_v they_o and_o it_o be_v say_v he_o invent_v they_o in_o his_o war_n in_o liefland_n against_o the_o polonian_n who_o far_o overpower_v he_o in_o horse_n i_o believe_v he_o use_v they_o first_o there_o but_o the_o invention_n of_o they_o be_v of_o a_o far_o old_a date_n than_o the_o swede_n will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v for_o henry_n the_o five_o king_n of_o england_n the_o night_n before_o the_o battle_n of_o agincourt_n fear_v to_o be_v bear_v down_o by_o the_o french_a king_n numerous_a agincourt_n use_v by_o henry_n the_o five_o at_o agincourt_n cavalry_n cause_v each_o of_o his_o bowman_n to_o provide_v one_o of_o these_o stake_n whereof_o the_o vine_n there_o afford_v he_o plenty_n and_o be_v make_v sharp_a at_o both_o end_n though_o they_o be_v not_o point_v with_o iron_n they_o do_v his_o business_n well_o enough_o and_o contribute_v not_o a_o little_a to_o the_o gain_n of_o that_o victory_n which_o give_v he_o so_o great_a foot_n in_o france_n to_o this_o kind_n of_o defensive_a arm_n may_v be_v reduce_v that_o invention_n of_o rangon_n in_o defence_n rangon_n frame_v of_o defence_n the_o french_a army_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o francis_n the_o first_o which_o be_v a_o great_a frame_n of_o timber_n that_o can_v be_v take_v in_o piece_n and_o carry_v on_o cart_n and_o easy_o join_v together_o whereby_o batallion_n be_v barricado_v and_o serve_v but_o to_o little_a purpose_n as_o also_o that_o frame_n which_o as_o i_o have_v hear_v from_o some_o commander_n the_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovia_n use_v with_o which_o the_o russian_n be_v so_o well_o acquaint_v barricado_n muscovian_a barricado_n that_o they_o can_v very_o sudden_o piece_n it_o together_o and_o shroud_v themselves_o within_o it_o from_o the_o charge_n of_o horse_n and_o as_o nimble_o take_v it_o down_o and_o march_v away_o with_o it_o in_o my_o last_o chapter_n of_o the_o grecian_a militia_n i_o speak_v of_o the_o french_a defensive_a arms._n french_z defensive_a arms._n arm_n both_o for_o their_o horse_n and_o foot_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o far_o different_a from_o those_o that_o be_v use_v now_o the_o turk_n use_v defensive_a arm_n but_o neither_o so_o good_a or_o so_o many_o as_o other_o turk_n turk_n nation_n do_v the_o persian_a curiassier_n be_v arm_v all_o over_o their_o body_n man_n and_o horse_n and_o persian_n persian_n this_o perhaps_o help_v they_o to_o overmaster_v the_o turk_n in_o cavalry_n their_o headpiece_n be_v deck_v with_o fair_a and_o large_a plume_n of_o feather_n and_o their_o target_n which_o they_o likewise_o use_v be_v gild_v they_o have_v likewise_o light_a horseman_n who_o carry_v head_n piece_n and_o corslet_n when_o the_o mamaluck_v have_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o egypt_n syria_n and_o palestine_n the_o mamaluck_v mamaluck_v better_a sort_n of_o they_o for_o all_o be_v horseman_n be_v arm_v for_o the_o defensive_a from_o head_n to_o foot_n man_n and_o horse_n the_o second_o sort_n carry_v large_a target_n wherewith_o they_o defend_v their_o body_n in_o the_o shock_n but_o before_o they_o come_v to_o it_o they_o throw_v these_o target_n over_o their_o back_n till_o they_o make_v use_v of_o their_o bow_n and_o arrow_n the_o abyssens_n or_o aethiopian_n one_o hundred_o and_o forty_o year_n ago_o arm_v their_o abyssens_n abyssens_n horseman_n with_o coat_n of_o male_a which_o cover_v their_o whole_a body_n to_o their_o knee_n morâ—ions_n for_o their_o head_n and_o in_o their_o hand_n round_a target_n in_o the_o day_n of_o charles_n the_o five_o the_o bohemian_o have_v great_a target_n or_o shield_n bohemian_o bohemian_o wherewith_o they_o cover_v their_o whole_a body_n before_o that_o time_n and_o since_o too_o the_o hungarian_n walachian_o and_o transylvanian_n use_v head_n piece_n corslet_n and_o hungarian_n hungarian_n target_n since_o gunpowder_n the_o englishman_n at_o arm_n or_o curiassier_n be_v arm_v at_o all_o english_a english_a piece_n their_o light_a horseman_n with_o morrion_n jack_n and_o sleeve_n of_o male._n so_o be_v our_o scot_n who_o use_v also_o steel-cap_n or_o bonnet_n scottish_a scottish_a john_n petyâ—_n in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o netherlands_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o the_o year_n 1599_o when_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n be_v make_v vast_a preparation_n for_o the_o prosecution_n hollander_n hollander_n of_o the_o war_n against_o spain_n and_o to_o that_o purpose_n be_v levy_v both_o foot_n and_o horse_n they_o make_v a_o ordnance_n for_o the_o arm_n that_o both_o their_o horseman_n and_o footman_n shall_v carry_v of_o the_o defensive_a he_o give_v we_o this_o account_n the_o reuter_n or_o horseman_n suppose_v curiassier_n be_v to_o have_v a_o head-piece_n a_o gorget_n a_o breast_n and_o a_o back_n two_o poldron_n a_o gauntlet_n for_o his_o left_a hand_n belly_n and_o thigh_n and_o knee-piece_n and_o culot_n which_o say_v he_o be_v piece_n of_o armour_n to_o defend_v the_o reins_o the_o carabiner_n be_v to_o have_v a_o head-piece_n a_o gorget_n a_o back_n and_o a_o breast_n the_o pikeman_n headpiece_n gorget_n back_n and_o breast_n the_o musketeer_n headpiece_n what_o offensive_a arm_n or_o weapon_n all_o these_o nation_n use_v i_o be_o to_o tell_v you_o just_a now_o chap._n iu._n of_o offensive_a arm_n or_o weapon_n use_v by_o the_o cavalry_n of_o several_a nation_n that_o there_o be_v no_o new_a thing_n under_o the_o sun_n and_o that_o what_o be_v have_v be_v may_v admit_v of_o a_o favourable_a interpretation_n for_o time_n be_v when_o neither_o pistol_n nor_o carrabine_n be_v know_v in_o the_o world_n neither_o do_v antiquity_n know_v gunpowder_n which_o be_v the_o mother_n of_o they_o both_o and_o many_o other_o engine_n of_o fire_n the_o sword_n be_v a_o weapon_n that_o be_v never_o out_o of_o fashion_n use_v in_o all_o age_n and_o by_o sword_n the_o sword_n all_o nation_n of_o the_o world_n though_o the_o difference_n be_v that_o some_o horseman_n use_v long_o and_o some_o short_a sword_n but_o this_o shall_v not_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o horseman_n for_o the_o length_n of_o their_o sword_n shall_v be_v limit_v to_o they_o by_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n they_o serve_v few_o tell_v we_o whether_o the_o sword_n of_o the_o horseman_n they_o write_v of_o be_v for_o cut_v or_o for_o thrust_v or_o for_o both_o as_o the_o roman_a sword_n be_v the_o persian_n turk_n russian_n polonian_n and_o hungarian_n for_o most_o part_n wear_v scimiter_n and_o shable_n which_o be_v crooked_a serve_v only_o for_o shear_v and_o not_o at_o all_o for_o stab_v monluc_n in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o his_o first_o tome_n say_v that_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o francis_n the_o first_o about_o a_o hundred_o and_o forty_o year_n ago_o the_o french_a gens_n d'arm_v carry_v broad_a sword_n which_o be_v so_o well_o edge_v that_o they_o can_v cut_v through_o sleeve_n and_o cap_n of_o male._n the_o scot_n and_o english_a use_v constant_o broad_a sword_n for_o if_o we_o believe_v some_o of_o the_o english_a history_n a_o rapier_n be_v so_o new_a a_o weapon_n in_o england_n that_o it_o be_v not_o yet_o above_o one_o hundred_o year_n old_a in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o late_a trouble_n in_o england_n long_a rapier_n be_v use_v for_o a_o while_n and_o then_o lay_v aside_o the_o german_a horseman_n use_v sword_n fit_a both_o to_o slash_v and_o thrust_v john_n petyâ—_n in_o that_o place_n mention_v in_o the_o last_o chapter_n say_v the_o estate_n of_o holland_n order_v their_o horseman_n to_o carry_v short_a sword_n according_a to_o such_o a_o length_n appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o if_o horseman_n be_v oblige_v by_o their_o capitulation_n to_o furnish_v themselves_o with_o sword_n that_o their_o officer_n will_v see_v they_o provide_v of_o better_a than_o ordinary_o most_o of_o they_o carry_v which_o be_v such_o as_o may_v be_v well_o enough_o resist_v by_o either_o a_o good_a felt_n or_o a_o buffcoat_n a_o mace_n be_v a_o ancient_a weapon_n for_o a_o horseman_n neither_o be_v it_o out_o of_o use_n long_o mace_n the_o mace_n after_o the_o invention_n of_o hand-gun_n for_o we_o read_v of_o they_o frequent_o use_v by_o most_o nation_n a_o hundred_o year_n ago_o and_o certain_o in_o a_o medley_n they_o may_v be_v more_o serviceable_a than_o sword_n for_o when_o they_o be_v guide_v by_o a_o strong_a arm_n we_o find_v the_o party_n strike_v with_o they_o be_v either_o fell_v from_o his_o horse_n or_o have_v his_o head-piece_n beat_v close_o to_o his_o head_n be_v make_v reel_v in_o his_o saddle_n with_o his_o blood_n run_v plentiful_o out_o of_o his_o nose_n the_o lance_n be_v the_o horsemans_n weapon_n wherewith_o he_o charge_v neither_o do_v i_o lance._n the_o lance._n find_v that_o any_o nation_n want_v
cover_v make_v of_o white_a iron_n like_o extinguisher_n purposely_o for_o that_o end_n but_o that_o some_o of_o they_o will_v be_v see_v by_o a_o vigilant_a enemy_n and_o thereby_o many_o secret_a erterprise_n be_v lose_v it_o be_v therefore_o good_a that_o for_o the_o half_a of_o the_o musket_n if_o not_o for_o they_o all_o flint-lock_n be_v make_v and_o keep_v careful_o by_o the_o captain_n of_o arm_n of_o each_o company_n that_o upon_o any_o such_o occasion_n or_o party_n the_o half_a or_o more_o of_o the_o other_o lock_n may_v be_v immediate_o take_v off_o and_o the_o flint-ones_a clap_v on_o by_o the_o gunsmith_n of_o the_o company_n and_o then_o there_o will_v be_v no_o danger_n of_o see_v burn_a match_n the_o sight_n whereof_o have_v ruin_v many_o good_a design_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o but_o one_o instance_n for_o all_o not_o long_o after_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o musket_n some_o spaniard_n be_v almost_o starve_v to_o death_n in_o instance_a instance_a coron_n by_o a_o blockade_n of_o the_o turk_n they_o hazard_v desperate_o and_o sally_v out_o and_o though_o they_o have_v some_o mile_n to_o march_v yet_o they_o do_v it_o with_o great_a courage_n and_o all_o imaginable_a industry_n and_o silence_n and_o have_v assure_o take_v the_o infidel_n â—â—pping_v if_o their_o burn_a match_n have_v not_o bewray_v their_o approach_n and_o this_o only_o mar_v the_o achievement_n of_o a_o noble_a exploit_n it_o be_v true_a they_o make_v a_o handsome_a retreat_n but_o with_o great_a loss_n and_o with_o the_o death_n of_o their_o chief_a commander_n one_o machichao_n a_o noble_a and_o stout_a gentleman_n i_o shall_v have_v tell_v you_o that_o all_o the_o musket_n of_o one_o army_n yea_o under_o one_o prince_n or_o state_n shall_v be_v of_o one_o calibre_n or_o bear_v there_o be_v beside_o these_o i_o have_v mention_v other_o weapon_n for_o the_o foot_n such_o foot_n other_o weapon_n for_o foot_n as_o long_a rapier_n and_o touk_n shable_n two_o hand_a sword_n hangman_n sword_n javelin_n morning_n star_n but_o most_o of_o these_o be_v rather_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o town_n fort_n trench_n batteries_n and_o approach_n than_o for_o the_o field_n and_o as_o our_o light_a arm_a foot_n be_v now_o for_o most_o part_n arm_v with_o sword_n and_o musket_n so_o our_o heavy_a arm_v offensive_o be_v with_o sword_n and_o pike_n as_o i_o tell_v you_o of_o the_o musket_n so_o i_o tell_v you_o of_o the_o pike_n the_o long_a it_o be_v so_o it_o be_v manageable_a the_o more_o advantage_n it_o have_v in_o our_o modern_a war_n it_o be_v order_v by_o most_o prince_n and_o state_n to_o be_v eighteen_o foot_n long_o yet_o few_o exceed_v fifteen_o and_o if_o officer_n be_v not_o careful_a to_o prevent_v it_o many_o base_a soldier_n will_v cut_v some_o off_o the_o length_n of_o that_o as_o i_o have_v oft_o see_v it_o do_v it_o be_v fit_a therefore_o that_o every_o pike_n have_v the_o captain_n name_n or_o mark_v at_o each_o end_n of_o it_o the_o grecian_n know_v very_o pike_n a_o pike_n well_o what_o advantage_n the_o long_a pike_n have_v the_o macedonian_n as_o i_o say_v before_o make_v their_o pike_n three_o foot_n long_o than_o the_o other_o grecian_n do_v nor_o have_v this_o advantage_n be_v unknown_a in_o our_o modern_a war_n whereof_o giovio_n give_v we_o a_o remarkable_a instance_n pope_n alexander_n the_o six_o wage_v a_o war_n with_o a_o veteran_n army_n conduct_v by_o experiment_a captain_n his_o foot_n consist_v of_o german_n arm_v offensive_o with_o pike_n the_o vrsines_n levy_v new_a and_o raw_a soldier_n most_o consist_v of_o their_o own_o vassal_n and_o peasant_n these_o they_o arm_v with_o pâ—kes_n but_o each_o of_o they_o two_o foot_n at_o lest_o long_o than_o those_o the_o pope_n german_n carry_v the_o two_o army_n meet_v better_a the_o long_a the_o better_a in_o a_o plain_a field_n at_o suriano_n in_o the_o papacy_n and_o fight_v the_o vrsine_n peasant_n lead_v by_o stout_a commander_n kill_v most_o of_o the_o first_o rank_n of_o the_o popish_a pikeman_n by_o the_o length_n of_o their_o pike_n and_o immediate_o after_o rout_v the_o whole_a body_n not_o suffer_v one_o german_n to_o escape_v upon_o this_o the_o pope_n cavalry_n flee_v and_o the_o vrsiâ—â—s_n keep_v the_o field_n force_v his_o holiness_n to_o grant_v they_o against_o his_o will_n a_o advantageous_a peace_n i_o shall_v not_o here_o speak_v of_o the_o number_n of_o pikeman_n allow_v to_o each_o company_n i_o shall_v do_v that_o in_o its_o due_a place_n but_o it_o seem_v strange_a to_o i_o there_o shall_v be_v so_o little_a esteem_n make_v of_o the_o pike_n in_o most_o place_n it_o be_v so_o useful_a and_o so_o necessary_a a_o weapon_n thirty_o year_n ago_o when_o the_o war_n be_v very_o hot_a in_o the_o german_a empire_n between_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n and_o the_o catholic_n league_n as_o it_o be_v call_v on_o the_o one_o part_n and_o the_o swede_n and_o the_o evangelic_n union_n as_o they_o call_v it_o on_o the_o other_o i_o see_v such_o a_o universal_a contempt_n of_o the_o pike_n that_o i_o can_v not_o admire_v neglect_v the_o pike_n very_o much_o neglect_v it_o enough_o for_o though_o after_o gustavus_n adolphus_n king_n of_o sweden_n enter_v germany_n squadron_n and_o batallion_n of_o pike_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o all_o regiment_n and_o brigade_n of_o both_o party_n and_o that_o pikeman_n be_v still_o account_v the_o body_n of_o the_o infantry_n yet_o after_o his_o victory_n at_o leipsick_a over_o the_o imperial_a force_n under_o ty_o the_o king_n march_n be_v so_o quick_a in_o pursuance_n of_o his_o success_n which_o follow_v one_o germany_n in_o germany_n on_o the_o heel_n of_o another_o and_o the_o retreat_n also_o of_o other_o army_n from_o he_o be_v so_o speedy_a that_o first_o the_o pikemans_fw-mi defensive_a arm_n be_v cast_v away_o and_o after_o they_o the_o pike_n itself_o insomuch_o that_o all_o who_o hereafter_o be_v levy_v and_o enroll_v call_v for_o musket_n but_o notwithstanding_o this_o when_o new_a regiment_n be_v levy_v after_o that_o great_a king_n death_n colonel_n and_o captain_n be_v ever_o order_v to_o levy_v and_o arm_v pikeman_n proportionable_o to_o the_o musquetier_n yet_o after_o they_o have_v endure_v some_o fatigue_n the_o pike_n be_v again_o cast_v away_o and_o no_o soldier_n but_o musquetier_n be_v to_o be_v see_v whether_o this_o be_v do_v by_o the_o supine_n negligence_n of_o the_o officer_n especial_o the_o colonel_n or_o for_o the_o contempt_n they_o have_v of_o the_o pike_n i_o know_v not_o but_o i_o be_o sure_a that_o for_o some_o year_n together_o i_o have_v see_v many_o weak_a regiment_n compose_v mere_o of_o musquetier_n without_o one_o pikeman_n in_o any_o of_o they_o and_o sure_o they_o be_v so_o much_o the_o weak_a for_o that_o nor_o do_v i_o find_v long_o after_o that_o that_o the_o pike_n get_v better_a entertainment_n in_o other_o place_n than_o in_o germany_n for_o in_o the_o year_n 1657_o after_o the_o late_a king_n of_o denmark_n have_v lose_v his_o best_a army_n he_o give_v denmark_n in_o denmark_n as_o i_o say_v in_o this_o same_o chapter_n commission_n to_o five_o of_o we_o to_o raise_v each_o of_o we_o a_o regiment_n of_o man_n of_o one_o thousand_o apiece_o all_o stranger_n we_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o capitulation_n to_o arm_v our_o regiment_n ourselves_o out_o of_o the_o money_n we_o have_v agree_v for_o and_o express_o with_o musket_n neither_o will_v those_o of_o the_o privy_a council_n who_o be_v order_v to_o treat_v with_o we_o suffer_v one_o word_n to_o be_v mention_v of_o a_o pike_n in_o our_o commission_n though_o the_o conveniency_n and_o sometime_o the_o necessity_n of_o that_o weapon_n be_v sufficient_o remonstrate_v by_o we_o but_o there_o be_v two_o who_o write_v down_o right_a against_o the_o use_n of_o the_o pike_n these_o be_v englishman_n declare_v useless_a by_o two_o a_o italian_a and_o a_o englishman_n brancatio_n a_o italian_a commander_n and_o one_o master_n daniel_n lupton_n a_o englishman_n who_o i_o think_v trace_v brancatio_n his_o step_n for_o though_o i_o have_v not_o see_v that_o italian_a piece_n yet_o i_o have_v see_v a_o countryman_n of_o the_o author_n achilles_n terduzzi_n who_o tell_v i_o he_o have_v read_v it_o every_o word_n master_n luptons_n book_n i_o have_v see_v and_o will_v presume_v by_o his_o leave_n in_o the_o next_o chapter_n to_o examine_v his_o argument_n and_o reason_n chap._n vi_o master_n lupton_n book_n against_o the_o use_n of_o the_o pike_n examine_v this_o gentleman_n print_v his_o book_n in_o the_o year_n 1642_o and_o present_v it_o to_o essex_n the_o book_n dedicate_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o essex_n the_o earl_n of_o essex_n who_o be_v declare_v general_n of_o the_o parliament_n force_v that_o very_a year_n but_o it_o seem_v he_o have_v not_o get_v his_o
commission_n when_o this_o book_n be_v write_v for_o the_o author_n give_v he_o not_o that_o title_n in_o his_o epistle_n dedicatory_a this_o author_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o condemn_v the_o use_n of_o the_o pike_n before_o the_o invention_n of_o fire_n gun_n but_o only_o since_o and_o magisterial_o take_v upon_o he_o to_o pass_v sentence_n against_o all_o prince_n or_o state_n who_o in_o late_a time_n have_v compose_v the_o body_n of_o their_o infantry_n of_o pikeman_n i_o shall_v relate_v to_o you_o the_o strong_a of_o his_o argugument_n as_o they_o lie_v in_o order_n whereby_o he_o endeavour_v to_o get_v proselyte_n to_o this_o new_a fancy_n and_o shall_v give_v such_o answer_n to_o they_o as_o i_o conceive_v to_o be_v pertinent_a but_o shall_v not_o flatter_v myself_o with_o a_o opinion_n that_o they_o will_v be_v satisfactory_a to_o all_o in_o the_o first_o place_n he_o say_v officer_n choose_v the_o tall_a and_o able_a man_n to_o carry_v argument_n his_o first_o argument_n pike_n because_o they_o must_v be_v strong_a to_o carry_v both_o they_o and_o their_o defensive_a arm_n and_o this_o say_v he_o be_v a_o loss_n to_o the_o army_n to_o give_v useless_a arm_n to_o man_n who_o can_v use_v the_o musket_n with_o more_o advantage_n for_o pikeman_n say_v he_o can_v only_o receive_v the_o messenger_n of_o death_n bullet_n he_o mean_v but_o musquetier_n can_v send_v they_o first_o i_o answer_v he_o beg_v the_o question_n he_o declare_v the_o pike_n useless_a and_o that_o answer_v answer_v be_v the_o thing_n he_o undertake_v to_o prove_v second_o i_o have_v already_o complain_v that_o officer_n choose_v not_o so_o oft_o as_o they_o shall_v the_o able_a man_n for_o pike_n and_o so_o they_o be_v very_o ill_o use_v by_o mr._n lupton_n and_o i_o for_o he_o complain_v of_o they_o for_o do_v it_o and_o i_o complain_v of_o they_o for_o omit_v it_o three_o whereas_o he_o say_v pikeman_n can_v only_o receive_v but_o not_o send_v the_o messenger_n of_o death_n it_o seem_v he_o think_v when_o pikeman_n fight_v they_o be_v to_o stand_v fix_v in_o one_o place_n but_o he_o shall_v have_v remember_v that_o in_o time_n of_o action_n they_o be_v no_o more_o oblige_v to_o stand_v still_o than_o musquetier_n who_o be_v ever_o in_o action_n and_o motion_n for_o let_v we_o suppose_v that_o in_o battle_n a_o body_n of_o musquetier_n be_v to_o fight_v with_o a_o batallion_n of_o pike_n he_o will_v grant_v i_o that_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o advance_v now_o he_o say_v a_o musket_n kill_v at_o the_o distance_n of_o four_o hundred_o yard_n so_o do_v not_o the_o pike_n let_v it_o be_v so_o what_o then_o i_o will_v grant_v he_o more_o that_o in_o the_o advance_v many_o pikeman_n fall_v and_o no_o musquetier_n yet_o i_o hope_v he_o will_v grant_v i_o that_o these_o four_o hundred_o yard_n if_o so_o many_o may_v be_v soon_o trace_v by_o man_n who_o make_v haste_n to_o come_v to_o the_o charge_n and_o even_o before_o ten_o rank_n can_v orderly_o and_o successive_o one_o after_o another_o give_v fire_n and_o after_o that_o i_o aver_v if_o the_o musquetier_n stand_v to_o endure_v the_o push_n of_o the_o pike_n they_o be_v inevitable_o ruin_v and_o if_o they_o fly_v than_o the_o pikeman_n have_v the_o victory_n i_o still_o suppose_v that_o which_o can_v be_v deny_v i_o that_o be_v that_o the_o pikeman_n and_o musquetier_n be_v of_o equal_a courage_n now_o in_o a_o close_a encounter_n what_o can_v a_o musket_n do_v against_o a_o pike_n or_o a_o naked_a man_n with_o a_o sword_n against_o one_o in_o armour_n if_o then_o the_o pikeman_n fly_v before_o they_o come_v up_o to_o the_o musquetier_n they_o be_v coward_n and_o the_o fault_n be_v in_o their_o courage_n not_o their_o weapon_n if_o they_o lose_v the_o field_n and_o if_o the_o musquetier_n stay_v till_o the_o pikeman_n come_v to_o they_o they_o will_v find_v that_o point_n of_o pike_n bring_v as_o inexorable_a messenger_n of_o death_n as_o bullet_n do_v second_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o nothing_o more_o dishearten_v soldier_n than_o the_o certain_a argument_n second_o argument_n knowledge_n of_o disproportionable_a and_o unequal_a arm_n this_o i_o grant_v to_o be_v true_a but_o from_o hence_o he_o and_o i_o draw_v two_o very_a different_a inference_n i_o be_v that_o musquetier_n will_v be_v sore_o afraid_a to_o buckle_v with_o arm_a pikeman_n if_o the_o pikeman_n have_v the_o courage_n to_o stand_v out_o a_o volley_n or_o two_o and_o it_o be_v like_o the_o musquetier_n will_v be_v afraid_a that_o the_o pikeman_n will_v stand_v it_o out_o but_o he_o make_v another_o inference_n and_o it_o be_v this_o that_o the_o pikeman_n will_v be_v afraid_a because_o they_o know_v their_o pike_n be_v of_o no_o effect_n and_o can_v do_v no_o execution_n certain_o he_o tell_v i_o news_n for_o i_o think_v the_o grecian_a german_n and_o switz_n answer_v answer_v batallion_n of_o pike_n have_v very_o frequent_o bear_v down_o all_o before_o they_o and_o so_o have_v do_v execution_n and_o be_v not_o this_o again_o to_o beg_v the_o question_n for_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o pike_n can_v do_v no_o execution_n i_o assure_v he_o i_o will_v not_o take_v his_o word_n for_o it_o but_o if_o he_o mean_v when_o a_o enemy_n be_v put_v to_o the_o rout_n the_o pikeman_n be_v heau_o arm_v can_v follow_v the_o execution_n i_o shall_v ready_o grant_v it_o to_o he_o and_o vegetius_n will_v tell_v he_o that_o the_o heavy_a arm_a be_v like_o a_o iron_n wall_n which_o can_v neither_o run_v away_o from_o a_o victorious_a enemy_n nor_o pursue_v a_o fly_a one_o for_o that_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o horse_n and_o light_v arm_v foot_n but_o he_o offer_v to_o prove_v that_o pike_n can_v do_v no_o execution_n by_o a_o instance_n which_o i_o pray_v you_o hear_v and_o observe_v there_o happen_v a_o tumult_n between_o the_o english_a and_o swisser_n in_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n his_o leaguer_n when_o he_o lie_v before_o schencksconce_v the_o swisser_n go_v to_o arm_n and_o be_v in_o battle_n present_v their_o pike_n here_o our_o author_n be_v not_o ashamed_a to_o say_v that_o two_o english_a man_n with_o sword_n only_o enter_v among_o the_o swisser_n pike_n and_o cut_v off_o say_v he_o several_a of_o their_o head_n of_o the_o pike_n i_o hope_v not_o of_o the_o swisser_n and_o bring_v they_o away_o with_o they_o the_o two_o english_a unhurt_a if_o this_o be_v all_o true_a what_o will_v it_o evince_v but_o the_o great_a modesty_n and_o patience_n of_o the_o swisser_n and_o the_o prudence_n of_o the_o officer_n of_o both_o nation_n in_o appease_v the_o tumult_n for_o our_o author_n be_v mad_a if_o he_o think_v that_o any_o rational_a creature_n will_v be_v persuade_v by_o he_o to_o believe_v that_o two_o man_n with_o sword_n can_v affront_v a_o body_n of_o pikeman_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n and_o go_v away_o so_o easy_o if_o the_o other_o have_v be_v please_v to_o resent_v it_o three_o he_o say_v only_o three_o rank_n of_o pike_n can_v do_v hurt_v the_o rest_n be_v useless_a argument_n three_o argument_n then_o he_o add_v that_o what_o with_o the_o terror_n of_o the_o alarm_n the_o confusion_n of_o rank_n by_o the_o death_n of_o some_o of_o their_o number_n the_o time_n of_o night_n when_o the_o enemy_n may_v fall_v on_o the_o hazard_n of_o wound_v their_o own_o commander_n and_o comrade_n it_o appear_v sufficient_o that_o the_o pike_n can_v do_v no_o feat_n i_o must_v take_v this_o argument_n in_o piece_n and_o answer_v it_o so_o and_o first_o i_o say_v if_o only_o three_o rank_n of_o pike_n can_v do_v hurt_v than_o pike_n can_v do_v hurt_v and_o this_o contradict_v his_o second_o argument_n next_o his_o assertion_n can_v be_v true_a if_o what_o i_o have_v say_v at_o length_n in_o another_o answer_v answer_v place_n be_v true_a that_o six_o rank_n of_o pike_n can_v do_v hurt_v or_o as_o he_o call_v it_o execution_n his_o argument_n if_o true_a will_v be_v strong_a against_o the_o grecian_a embattel_v sixteen_o deep_a and_o against_o his_o master_n too_o for_o i_o find_v by_o his_o book_n he_o have_v have_v his_o breed_n in_o holland_n and_o denmark_n where_o in_o his_o time_n the_o foot_n be_v marshal_v ten_o deep_a as_o to_o what_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o terror_n of_o a_o alarm_n i_o ask_v if_o that_o must_v frighten_v a_o pikeman_n more_o than_o either_o a_o horseman_n or_o a_o musqueteer_n i_o think_v less_o because_o he_o be_v better_a arm_v but_o he_o speak_v still_o of_o pikeman_n as_o of_o coward_n for_o what_o reason_n i_o can_v imagine_v for_o his_o confusion_n of_o rank_n occasion_v by_o those_o who_o fall_v dead_a he_o know_v those_o behind_o they_o shall_v fill_v up_o their_o place_n and_o this_o musqueteer_n be_v bind_v to_o
body_n of_o foot_n it_o be_v the_o easy_a motion_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o can_v be_v sudden_o do_v and_o therefore_o be_v dangerous_a if_o a_o enemy_n be_v near_o to_o take_v advantage_n of_o the_o disorder_n of_o the_o motion_n three_o if_o all_o the_o three_o countermarche_n laconian_a macedonian_a and_o chorâ—an_n three_o three_o be_v of_o very_o little_a use_n and_o great_a danger_n in_o the_o infantry_n as_o i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o make_v appear_v in_o one_o of_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o grecian_a militia_n than_o i_o suppose_v it_o will_v be_v easy_o grant_v that_o the_o use_n of_o any_o of_o the_o three_o be_v as_o little_a and_o the_o danger_n as_o great_a in_o body_n of_o cavalry_n four_o that_o i_o conceive_v wheeling_n a_o more_o proper_a motion_n and_o more_o easy_a four_o four_o for_o the_o horse_n than_o for_o the_o foot_n it_o be_v a_o motion_n that_o have_v be_v much_o use_v by_o horse_n in_o fight_n for_o unless_o in_o wheel_v they_o be_v charge_v in_o the_o flank_n and_o if_o so_o they_o be_v ill_o second_v they_o be_v quick_o reduce_v to_o their_o first_o posture_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o with_o the_o foot_n for_o if_o the_o body_n be_v but_o indifferent_o great_a suppose_v fifteeen_n hundred_o man_n stand_v at_o three_o foot_n distance_n in_o file_n and_o six_o in_o rank_n you_o must_v â—irst_n make_v they_o come_v both_o rank_n and_o file_n to_o their_o close_a order_n before_o you_o can_v wheel_v your_o battle_n and_o that_o require_v some_o time_n for_o it_o be_v a_o motion_n of_o itself_o and_o the_o great_a the_o body_n be_v the_o long_a time_n it_o will_v have_v to_o make_v that_o first_o motion_n for_o great_a body_n move_v slow_o next_o the_o motion_n itself_o of_o wheel_v the_o battle_n be_v not_o soon_o do_v if_o well_o do_v for_o if_o it_o be_v not_o order_v discreet_o the_o body_n be_v immediate_o in_o confusion_n three_o when_o you_o have_v wheel_v this_o body_n of_o fifteen_o hundred_o man_n you_o must_v beg_v yet_o a_o cessation_n of_o arm_n from_o your_o enemy_n till_o you_o put_v your_o battle_n in_o a_o fight_a posture_n which_o you_o can_v do_v till_o you_o reduce_v they_o to_o their_o first_o order_n for_o at_o close_a order_n your_o musqueâ—eers_n can_v fight_v and_o therefore_o you_o must_v cause_v your_o battle_n to_o open_v it_o be_v true_a the_o rank_n will_v quick_o open_v backward_o but_o the_o file_n be_v no_o less_o in_o a_o body_n of_o fifteen_o hundred_o man_n than_o two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o must_v have_v such_o a_o time_n to_o open_v though_o they_o do_v it_o with_o all_o the_o have_v imaginable_a that_o a_o resolute_a body_n of_o horse_n will_v charge_v through_o they_o before_o you_o end_v these_o three_o motion_n but_o a_o body_n of_o horse_n be_v in_o rank_n and_o file_v at_o that_o distance_n at_o which_o it_o be_v to_o fight_v need_v no_o command_n to_o close_a rank_n and_o file_n before_o it_o wheel_n nor_o no_o command_n to_o open_v they_o after_o it_o have_v wheel_v be_v constant_o in_o a_o posture_n to_o receive_v a_o enemy_n and_o with_o submission_n to_o great_a drill_n master_n i_o shall_v think_v the_o motion_n of_o facing_n and_o countermarch_v of_o body_n of_o horse_n whether_o great_a or_o small_a may_v be_v spare_v in_o their_o exercise_n because_o you_o may_v face_v a_o enemy_n with_o a_o squadron_n of_o horse_n either_o in_o flank_n or_o rear_v by_o wheel_a either_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n or_o by_o either_o of_o the_o two_o about_o a_o great_a deal_n soon_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o more_o ease_n and_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o less_o danger_n than_o you_o can_v do_v by_o either_o face_n or_o countermarch_v five_o observe_v that_o no_o man_n can_v or_o will_v attain_v to_o a_o perfect_a understanding_n of_o five_o five_o either_o posture_n motion_n or_o evolution_n in_o the_o train_n particular_a man_n or_o yet_o body_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n by_o read_v the_o word_n of_o command_n in_o a_o book_n or_o paper_n or_o look_v upon_o the_o figure_n of_o they_o for_o the_o military_a art_n be_v practical_a one_o shall_v understand_v what_o belong_v to_o drilling_n and_o training_n more_o by_o look_v on_o the_o real_a practice_n of_o it_o three_o day_n than_o by_o the_o contemplative_a study_n of_o it_o three_o year_n when_o you_o see_v a_o countermarch_v in_o the_o field_n you_o will_v quick_o understand_v what_o a_o evolution_n it_o be_v when_o you_o see_v the_o figure_n of_o it_o in_o a_o book_n but_o you_o will_v not_o so_o soon_o know_v what_o it_o signify_v when_o you_o see_v the_o figure_n before_o the_o practice_n and_o last_o i_o avouch_v it_o to_o be_v the_o essential_a duty_n of_o a_o captain_n to_o exercise_n his_o six_o six_o troop_n or_o company_n himself_o whether_o it_o be_v of_o foot_n or_o horse_n nor_o shall_v it_o be_v permit_v that_o his_o lieutenant_n shall_v do_v it_o when_o he_o be_v present_a much_o less_o a_o sergeant_n as_o i_o have_v often_o see_v for_o thereby_o he_o uncaptain_n himself_o and_o change_v place_n with_o his_o lieutenant_n and_o this_o be_v too_o ordinary_a a_o military_a grievance_n against_o which_o the_o earl_n of_o swafford_n guard_v by_o a_o express_a instruction_n that_o no_o lieutenant_n shall_v exercise_v a_o company_n unless_o the_o captain_n be_v absent_a which_o he_o may_v not_o be_v without_o either_o sickness_n or_o that_o lord_n own_o permission_n a_o very_a just_a command_n and_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n all_o colonel_n shall_v exercise_v their_o regiment_n and_o in_o their_o absence_n their_o lieutenant_n colonel_n but_o when_o either_o of_o they_o be_v present_a the_o major_n ought_v neither_o to_o be_v command_v nor_o of_o himself_o offer_v to_o do_v it_o and_o this_o be_v contrary_n to_o the_o opinion_n of_o many_o who_o will_v impose_v so_o many_o duty_n on_o a_o major_n that_o they_o make_v thereby_o colonel_n and_o lieutenant_n colonel_n cipher_n or_o very_o insignificant_a creature_n chap._n xi_o of_o compay_n regiment_n and_o brigade_n of_o foot_n what_o they_o have_v be_v what_o they_o be_v how_o they_o be_v marshal_v of_o all_o their_o officer_n their_o duty_n and_o qualification_n i_o suppose_v most_o military_a man_n acknowledge_v the_o infantry_n to_o be_v the_o body_n of_o a_o army_n with_o it_o the_o artillery_n munition_n and_o provision_n lodge_v and_o so_o do_v he_o who_o command_v in_o chief_a the_o member_n of_o this_o body_n be_v regiment_n or_o brigade_n and_o the_o sinew_n and_o artery_n of_o these_o be_v company_n a_o company_n be_v a_o band_n of_o arm_a man_n marshal_v in_o rank_n and_o file_n a_o rank_n and_o file_n differ_v in_o this_o that_o the_o first_o consist_v of_o man_n whether_o on_o horseback_n or_o foot_n stand_v in_o one_o file_n a_o rank_n and_o a_o file_n front_n side_n for_o side_n the_o second_o of_o man_n stand_v in_o one_o row_n or_o lane_n one_o behind_o another_o so_o they_o may_v easy_o be_v convert_v a_o file_n into_o a_o rank_n and_o a_o rank_n into_o a_o file_n the_o number_n of_o these_o rank_n and_o file_n must_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o number_n of_o man_n appoint_v to_o be_v in_o each_o company_n for_o which_o there_o be_v no_o general_a rule_n every_o prince_n and_o state_n order_v that_o as_o they_o please_v neither_o do_v they_o restrict_n themselves_o constant_o to_o one_o number_n but_o appoint_v their_o company_n to_o be_v strong_a and_o weak_a as_o the_o emergency_n of_o affair_n or_o the_o present_a ratio_fw-la belli_n seem_v to_o require_v it_o in_o former_a time_n ever_o since_o gunpowder_n be_v invent_v it_o have_v be_v so_o likewise_o for_o sometime_o company_n be_v more_o numerous_a than_o at_o other_o time_n yet_o never_o be_v the_o weak_a of_o they_o of_o so_o small_a a_o number_n as_o general_o now_o they_o be_v the_o first_o time_n i_o remember_v to_o have_v read_v of_o a_o company_n of_o one_o hundred_o in_o the_o modern_a war_n be_v in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o france_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o charles_n the_o nine_o about_o one_o hundred_o year_n since_o in_o they_o i_o find_v that_o the_o protestant_a foot-company_n strong_a company_n of_o one_o hundred_o strong_a be_v but_o general_o one_o hundred_o strong_a for_o which_o i_o can_v guess_v at_o no_o reason_n unless_o it_o be_v that_o many_o gentleman_n who_o be_v force_v to_o take_v arm_n and_o dare_v not_o stay_v at_o home_n may_v be_v invest_v with_o charge_n and_o employment_n suitable_a to_o their_o quality_n yet_o methinks_v it_o have_v conduce_v more_o to_o the_o advancement_n and_o prosecution_n of_o the_o grand_a design_n that_o troop_n and_o company_n of_o gens_n d'armes_fw-fr or_o curiassier_n have_v be_v make_v up_o of_o those_o number_n of_o gentleman_n a_o service_n very_o
be_v that_o of_o the_o garter_n institute_v by_o edward_n the_o three_o of_o england_n under_o the_o patrociny_n of_o saint_n george_n as_o that_o of_o the_o thistle_n of_o scotland_n be_v under_o saint_n andrew_n john_n of_o valois_n king_n of_o france_n institute_v the_o order_n of_o the_o star_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o saint_n owen_n say_v the_o french_a as_o one_o of_o his_o successor_n lovis_n the_o eleven_o institute_v that_o of_o saint_n michael_n in_o the_o minority_n of_o henry_n the_o six_o of_o england_n when_o the_o war_n be_v hot_a between_o that_o kingdom_n and_o france_n philip_n le_fw-fr bou_fw-fr duke_n of_o burgundy_n institute_v the_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o golden_a fleece_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o saint_n andrew_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n make_v knight_n of_o the_o elephant_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n those_o of_o the_o annunciation_n christina_n queen_n of_o sueden_n institute_v a_o new_a order_n of_o knighthood_n which_o she_o will_v have_v call_v the_o order_n of_o the_o amaranth_n which_o they_o say_v never_o wither_v and_o according_o she_o appoint_v the_o device_n to_o be_v semper_fw-la idem_fw-la the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonick_n or_o dutch_a order_n those_o of_o st._n john_n of_o jerusalem_n call_v afterward_o hospitaller_n knight_n of_o the_o rhodes_n and_o now_o of_o malta_n as_o also_o those_o of_o the_o sepulchre_n or_o knight_n templar_n be_v and_o some_o yet_o be_v very_o martial_a knight_n who_o renown_a action_n be_v and_o ever_o knighthood_n religious_a order_n of_o knighthood_n will_v be_v on_o the_o record_n of_o fame_n but_o there_o be_v likewise_o religious_a order_n for_o they_o vow_v chastity_n poverty_n and_o obedience_n and_o from_o religion_n have_v come_v most_o of_o the_o spanish_a order_n of_o knighthood_n sanctius_n the_o three_o of_o that_o name_n king_n of_o castille_n for_o the_o more_o vigorous_a prosecution_n of_o the_o war_n against_o the_o infidel_n institute_v the_o order_n of_o calatrava_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o toledo_n the_o master_n of_o which_o order_n be_v a_o person_n of_o great_a riches_n and_o power_n his_o son_n alphonse_n the_o nine_o in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o dangeron_n war_n with_o the_o moor_n institute_v the_o order_n of_o saint_n james_n which_o have_v since_o come_v to_o that_o height_n of_o power_n that_o the_o master_n of_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a subject_n of_o spain_n but_o ferdinand_n the_o first_o catholic_n king_n make_v himself_o and_o his_o successor_n with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o pope_n master_n of_o these_o order_n one_o of_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n when_o he_o have_v war_n with_o both_o the_o saracen_n of_o africa_n and_o spain_n institute_v the_o order_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o jesus_n christ_n about_o the_o year_n 1570._o the_o queen_n of_o navarre_n cause_v 12_o d'albret_a jane_n d'albret_a great_a medal_n of_o gold_n to_o be_v coin_v which_o she_o distribute_v among_o 12_o of_o the_o most_o eminent_a chieftain_n of_o the_o reform_a religion_n as_o token_n of_o their_o fraternity_n to_o incite_v they_o to_o constancy_n valour_n and_o perseverance_n in_o the_o cause_n against_o the_o roman_a catholic_n upon_o one_o side_n of_o the_o medal_n be_v these_o word_n assure_a peace_n entire_a victory_n or_o honest_a death_n on_o the_o reverse_n be_v the_o queen_n own_o name_n with_o that_o of_o her_o son_n the_o prince_n of_o bearne_v who_o be_v afterward_o henry_n the_o four_o the_o great_a king_n of_o france_n and_o navarre_n war_n drain_v the_o treasure_n of_o prince_n and_o state_n so_o dry_a that_o for_o most_o part_n they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o pay_v the_o wage_n and_o arrear_n of_o those_o who_o serve_v they_o much_o less_o reward_v they_o the_o roman_a oak_n olive_n and_o laurel_n crown_n be_v out_o of_o fashion_n long_o ago_o nor_o will_v they_o signify_v any_o thing_n but_o rather_o be_v ridiculous_a unless_o they_o be_v give_v with_o all_o the_o wage_n due_a to_o the_o party_n who_o be_v to_o be_v honour_v with_o one_o of_o those_o crown_n as_o the_o roman_n be_v accustom_v to_o do_v i_o have_v observe_v in_o another_o place_n how_o in_o many_o part_n of_o christendom_n officer_n above_o the_o quality_n of_o private_a captain_n many_o time_n be_v reduce_v to_o beggary_n to_o obviate_v which_o since_o prince_n and_o state_n can_v forbear_v war_n or_o will_v not_o live_v in_o peace_n it_o will_v be_v a_o great_a work_n of_o charity_n in_o they_o and_o will_v much_o redound_v to_o their_o honour_n charity_n work_n of_o charity_n and_o fame_n to_o build_v some_o hospital_n and_o endue_v they_o with_o some_o small_a revenue_n in_o which_o those_o commander_n who_o be_v lame_a old_a and_o poor_a may_v get_v a_o morsel_n of_o bread_n which_o will_v be_v a_o exceed_a great_a relief_n to_o those_o distress_a gentleman_n and_o much_o encourage_v young_a people_n to_o engage_v in_o a_o fresh_a war_n for_o alas_o though_o write_v testimony_n sign_v and_o seal_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n may_v be_v of_o good_a use_n to_o young_a and_o lusty_a gallant_n who_o have_v their_o health_n and_o some_o money_n in_o their_o purse_n to_o look_v for_o new_a fortune_n yet_o pass_n though_o never_o so_o favourable_a to_o poor_a old_a man_n be_v upon_o the_o matter_n nothing_o else_o pass_n pass_n but_o fair_a commission_n to_o beg_v chap._n xxviii_o the_o comparison_n make_v by_o justus_n lipsius_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_a militia_n examine_v it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o curse_n that_o follow_v adam_n fall_n and_o i_o think_v be_v inherent_a in_o nature_n discontent_n follow_v humane_a nature_n he_o before_o his_o fall_n that_o as_o he_o be_v not_o so_o none_o of_o his_o posterity_n can_v be_v content_a with_o his_o present_a condition_n the_o long_a desire_n we_o have_v to_o enjoy_v that_o we_o want_v rob_v we_o of_o the_o content_a we_o may_v have_v of_o what_o we_o possess_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o old_a man_n cry_v up_o those_o custom_n that_o be_v use_v when_o they_o be_v boy_n vilify_a the_o present_a and_o magnify_v the_o bypass_a time_n neither_o be_v this_o fastidium_fw-la or_o loathe_v of_o present_a thing_n the_o concomitant_a of_o age_n only_o for_o young_a man_n who_o be_v in_o their_o strength_n be_v taint_v with_o it_o some_o be_v displease_v with_o the_o government_n of_o the_o state_n other_o huge_o dissatisfy_v with_o that_o of_o the_o church_n because_o none_o of_o they_o be_v cast_v in_o those_o mould_n which_o they_o fancy_v to_o be_v better_a than_o the_o present_a one_o and_o though_o perhaps_o they_o can_v pretend_v to_o have_v see_v better_a in_o their_o own_o time_n yet_o they_o have_v hear_v or_o read_v of_o those_o which_o they_o conceive_v be_v so_o absolute_o good_a that_o nothing_o can_v be_v add_v to_o their_o perfection_n other_o like_v only_o of_o those_o government_n which_o have_v their_o birth_n rise_v growth_n and_o perfection_n in_o their_o own_o giddy_a brain_n but_o to_o come_v near_o our_o purpose_n few_o soldier_n be_v satisfy_v with_o their_o own_o country_n militia_n for_o if_o they_o have_v be_v abroad_o in_o the_o world_n at_o their_o return_n home_o they_o cry_v up_o the_o arm_n the_o art_n and_o the_o discipline_n of_o foreigner_n nor_o can_v they_o find_v any_o thing_n at_o home_n can_v please_v they_o and_o though_o their_o occasion_n have_v never_o invite_v they_o to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o strange_a place_n yet_o their_o book_n afford_v they_o matter_n enough_o to_o prefer_v those_o arm_n those_o exercise_n those_o guard_n those_o figure_n of_o battle_n that_o discipline_n of_o war_n they_o never_o see_v to_o all_o those_o they_o may_v daily_o see_v of_o this_o disease_n of_o discontent_n i_o think_v justus_n lipsius_n have_v be_v militia_n justus_n lipsius_n a_o admirer_n of_o the_o roman_a militia_n irrecoverable_o sick_a and_o though_o he_o do_v not_o compile_v a_o military_a systeme_n of_o his_o own_o as_o machiavelli_n do_v yet_o i_o may_v compare_v these_o two_o in_o this_o that_o both_o of_o they_o be_v speculative_a soldier_n lipsius_n be_v so_o far_o disgu_v with_o the_o milice_fw-la of_o his_o own_o time_n which_o true_o be_v about_o eighty_o or_o ninety_o year_n ago_o be_v a_o excellent_a one_o which_o he_o may_v have_v see_v and_o observe_v better_o than_o his_o write_n show_v he_o do_v and_o be_v so_o much_o in_o love_n with_o the_o old_a roman_a militia_n which_o he_o never_o see_v but_o by_o contemplation_n that_o in_o the_o comparison_n he_o make_v of_o the_o two_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n of_o his_o commentary_n on_o polybius_n he_o be_v not_o ashamed_a to_o prefer_v the_o ancient_a art_n of_o war_n to_o the_o modern_a one_o in_o all_o its_o dimension_n as_o i_o conceive_v he_o be_v so_o rational_a as_o to_o think_v no_o man_n will_v deny_v the_o modern_a war_n he_o compare_v