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A01516 The tvvoo bookes of Francis Bacon. Of the proficience and aduancement of learning, diuine and humane To the King.; Of the proficience and advancement of learning Bacon, Francis, 1561-1626. 1605 (1605) STC 1164; ESTC S100507 164,580 339

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Inferiour to Vertue and and an Enemy to Meditacion for wisedome of Gouernmente they acquite themselues well when they are called to it but that happeneth to fewe But for the wisedome of Businesse wherein mans life is moste conuersant there bee noe Bookes of it excepte some fewe scattered aduertisementes that haue noe proportion to the magnitude of this subiecte For if bookes were written of this as the other I doubt not but learned men with meane experience woulde farre excell men of longe experience withoute learning and outshoote them in their owne bowe Neither needeth it at all to be doubted that this knowlddge shoulde bee so variable as it falleth not vnder precept for it is much lesse infinite then science of Gouernmente which wee see is laboured and in some parte reduced Of this wisedome it seemeth some of the auncient Romanes in the saddest and wisest times were professors for Cicero reporteth that it was then in vse For Senators that had name and opinion for generall wisemen as Ceruncanius Curius Loelius and manie others to walke at certaine howers in the Place and to giue audience to those that would vse their aduise and that the particuler Citizens would resort vnto them and consulte with them of the marriage of a daughter or of the imploying of a sonne or of a purchase or bargaine or of an accusatiō and euery other occasion incident to mans life so as there is a wisedome of Counsaile and aduise euen in priuate Causes arisinge out of an vniuersall insight into the affayrs of the world which is vsed indeede vpon particuler cases propoūded but is gathered by generall obser uation of causes of like nature For so wee see in the Booke which Cicero writeth to his brother De petitione consultatus being the onely booke of businesse that I know written by the auncients although it cōcerned a particuler action then on foote yet the substance thereof consisteth of manie wise and pollitique Axioms which containe not a temporary but a perpetuall direction in the case of popular Elections But chiefly wee may see in those Aphorismes which haue place amongest Divine writings composed by Salomon the King of whom the scriptures testifie that his hearte was as the sandes of the sea incompassing the world and all worldly matters we see I saie not a few profound and excellent cautions precepts positions extending to much varietie of occasions wherevpon wee will staie a while offering to consideracion some number of Examples Sed eunctis sermonibus qui dicuntur ne accommodes aurem tuam uè fortè audiaes seruum tuum maledicentem tibi Heere is concluded the prouidente staye of enquiry of that which we wolde be loathe to finde as it was iudged greate wisedome in Pompetus Magnus that he burned Sertorius papers vnperused Vir sapiens si cum stulto contenderit siue irascaetur siue rideat uon inueniet requiem Here is described the great disaduantage which a wise man hath in vndertaking a lighter person then himselfe which is such an ingagemente as whether a man turne the matter to ieast or turne it to heate or howsoeuer hee change copye hee can no wayes quitte himselfe well of it Qui delicatè à pueritia nutrit seruum suum postea sentiet eum contumacem Heere is signified that if a man beginne too highe a pitche in his fauoures it doeth commonlye end in vnkindnesse and vnthankfulnesse Vidisti virum velocem in opere suo coram regibus stabit nec erit inter ignobiles Here is obserued that of all vertues for rising to honoure quicknesse of dispatche is the best for superiours many times loue not to haue those they imploy too deep or too sufficient but redy and diligent Vidi cunctos viuentes qui ambulant sub sole cum adoadolescente secundo qui consurgit pro eo Here is expressed that which was noted by Sylla first and after him by Tiberius Plures adorant solem orientem quam occidentem vel meridianum Si spiritus potesta●…m habentis ascenderit super te locum tuum ne dimiseris quia Curatio faciet cessare peccata maxima Here caution is giuen that vpon displeasure retiring is of all courses the vnfittest for a man leaueth thinges at worst and depriueth himselfe of meanes to make them better Erat Ciuitas parua pauci in ea viri venit contra eam rex magnus vadauit eam instrxuitque munitiones per Gyrum perfecta est obsidio inuentusquae est in ea vir pauper sapiens liberauit eam per sapientiam suam nullus deinceps recordatus est hominis illius pauperis Here the corruptions of states is sette foorh that esteeme not vertue or merite longer then they haue vse of it Mollis responsio frangit iram Here is noted that silence or rough Answeare exasperateth but an answear present and temperate pacifieth Iter pigrorum quasisepes spinarum Here is liuelie represented how laborious sloth prooueth in the end for when thinges are differred till the laste instant and nothing prepared before hande euerye stepp findeth a Bryer or Impediment which catcheth or stoppeth Melior est finis orationis quam principium Here is taxed the vanitie of formall speakers that study more about prefaces and inducements then vpon the conclusions and issues of speache Qui cognoscit in iudicio faciem non bene facit iste et pro buccella panis des●…ret veritatem Here is noted that a iudge were better be a briber then a respecter of persons for a corrupt Iudge offendeth not so lightly as a facile Vir pauper calumnians pauperes similis est imbrivehementi in quo paratur fames here is expressed the extreami●…y of necessitous extortions figured in the aunciente fable of the full and the hungry horse-leech Fons turbatus pede vena corrupta est iustus cadens coram impio here is noted that one iudiciall and exemplar iniquity in the face of the world doth trouble the fountaines of Iustice more then many particuler Iniuries passed over by conniuence Qui subtrahit aliquid a patre a matre dicit hoc non esse peccatū particeps est homicidij here is noted that whereas men in wronging theyr best frindes vse to extenuat their faulte as if they moughte presume or bee bolde vpon them it doth contrariwise indeede aggrauate their fault turneth it from I●…iury to impiety Noli esse amicus homini iracundo nec ambulato cum homine furioso here caution is giuen that in the election of our friends wee doe principalliy avoide those which are impatiente as those that will espouse vs to many factions and quarels Qui conturbat domum suam possidebit ventum here is noted that in domesticall separations breaches men doe promise to themselues quietting of theire minde and contentemente but still they are deceived of theire expectation and it turneth to winde Pilius sapiens laetificat patrem filius vero stultus maestieia est matri sueae Here is
appetere vt non metuas sunt animi pusilli diffidentis And it seemeth to me that most of the doctrines of the Philosophers are more fearefull and cautionary then the Nature of things requireth So haue they encreased the feare of death in offering to cure it For when they would haue a mans whole life to be but a discipline or preparation to dye they must needes make men thinke that it is a terrible Enemy against whom there is no end of preparing Better saith the Poet Qui sinem vitae extremum inter Munera ponat Naturae So haue they sought to make mens minds to vniforme and harmonicall by not breaking them sufficiently to cōtrary Motions the reason whereof I suppose to be because they themselues were men dedicated to a pri uate free and vnapplied course of life For as we see vpon the lute or like Instrument a Ground though it be sweet and haue shew of many changes yet breaketh not the hand to such strange and hard stoppes and passages as a Set song or Voluntary much after the same Manner was the diuersity betweene a Philosophicall and a ciuile life And therefore men are to Imitate the wisedome of Iewellers who if there be a graine or a cloude or an I se which may be ground forth without taking to much of the stone they help it but if it should lessen and abate the stone to much they will not meddle with it So ought men so to procure Serenity as they destroy not magnanimity Hauing therefore deduced the Good of Man which is priuate particular as far as seemeth fit wee will now returne to that Good of man which respecteth and be beholdeth Society which we may terme Duty bicause the term of duty is more propper to a minde well framed disposed towards others as the terme of vertue is applyed to a mind well formed cōposed in it selfe though neither can a man vnderstand vertue without some relation to Society nor duety without an inwarde disposition This part may seem at first to pertaine to Science Ciuile and Politicke but not if it be wel obserued For it concerneth the Rcgimēt gouernment of euery man over himself not ouer others And as in architectur the directiō of framing the postes beames other parts of building is not the same with the maner of ioyning them and erecting the building And in mechanicalls the direction how to frame an Instrument or Engyne is not the same with the manner of setting it on woorke and imploying it and yet neuerthelesse in expressing of the one you incidently expresse the Aptnesse towardes the other So the doctrine of Coniugation of men in Socyety differereth from that of their conformity therevnto This part of Duty is sudiuided into two parts the common duty of euery man as a Man or member of a State The other the respectiue or speciall duty of euery man in his prosession vocation and place The first of these is extāt wel laboured as hathbeen said The secōd like wise I may report rather dispersed thē dcficiēt which maner of dispersed writing in this kind of Argumēt I acknowledge to be best For who cā take vpō him to write of the proper duty vertue cha and right of euery seuerall vocation profession and place For although sometimes a Looker on may see more then a gamester and there be a Prouerb more arrogant theu sound That the vale best discouereth the hill yet there is small doubt but that men can write best and most really materialy in their owne professions that the writing of speculatiue men of Actiue Matter for the most part doth seeme to men of Experience as Phormioes Argument of the warrs seemed to Hannibal to be but dreames and dotage Onely there is one vice which accompanieth them that write in their own professions that they magnify thē in excesse But generally it were to be wished as that which wold make learning indeed solide fruit ful that Actiue men woold or could become writers In which kind I cannot but mencion Honoris causa your Maiesties exellent book touching the duty of a king a woorke ritchlye compounded of Diuinity Morality and Policy with great aspersion of all other artes being in myne opinion one of the moste sound healthful writings that I haue read not distempered in the heat of inuention nor in the Couldnes of negligence not sick of Dusinesse as those are who leese themselues in their order nor of Convulsions as those which Crampe in matters impertinent not sauoring of perfumes paintings as those doe who seek to please the Reader more then Nature beareth and chiefelye wel disposed in the spirits thereof beeing agreeable to truth and apt for action and farre remooued from that Naturall insirmity whereunto I noted those that write in their own professions to be subiect which is that they exalt it aboue measure For your Maiesty hath truly described not a king of Assyria or Persia in their extern glory but a Moses or a Dauid Pastors of their people Neither can I euer leese out of my remembraunce what I heard your Maiesty in the same sacred spirite of Gouernment deliuer in a great cause of Iudicature which was That Kings ruled by theyr lawes as God did by the lawes of Nature and ought as rarely to put in vse theyr supreme Prerogatiue as God doth his power of working Miracles And yet notwithstandiug in your book of a free Monarchy you do well giue men to vnderstand that you know the plenitude of the power and right of a King as well as the Circle of his office and duty Thus haue I presumed to alledge this excellent writing of your Maiesty as a prime or eminent example of Tractates concerning speciall respectiue dutyes wherin I should haue said as much if it had beene written a thousand yeares since Neither am I mooued with cer tain Courtly decencyes which esteeme it flattery to prayse in presence No it is flattery to prayse in absence that is when eyther the vertue is absent or the occasion is absent and so the prayse is not Naturall but forced either in truth or in time But let Cicerobe read in his Oration pro Marcello which is nothing but an excellent Table of Caesars vertue and made to his face besides the example of many other excellent per sons wiser a great deale then such obseruers and we will neuer doubt vpon a full occasion to giue iust prayses to present or absent But to return there belongeth further to the handling of this partie touching the duties of professions and vocations a Relatiue or opposite touching the fraudes cautels impostures vices of euery profession which hath been likewise handled But howe rather in a Satyre Cinicaly then seriously wisely for men haue rather sought by wit to deride and traduce much of that which is good in professions then with Iudgement to discouer and seuer that which is corrupt For