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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A00316	Apophthegmes that is to saie, prompte, quicke, wittie and sentencious saiynges, of certain emperours, kynges, capitaines, philosophiers and oratours, aswell Grekes, as Romaines, bothe veraye pleasaunt [et] profitable to reade, partely for all maner of persones, [et] especially gentlemen. First gathered and compiled in Latine by the ryght famous clerke Maister Erasmus of Roterodame. And now translated into Englyshe by Nicolas Vdall.; Apophthegmata. English	Erasmus, Desiderius, d. 1536.; Udall, Nicholas, 1505-1556.	1542 (1542)	STC 10443; ESTC S105498	420,230	774

case it bee not all of the fynest the blame therof maye not light on the autour but redound vnto my self accordyngly And to the entente that nothyng should lacke whiche to the ease and commoditee of the vnlearned reader might seme necessarie there is added also a large plain table in ordre of the A.B.C. whereby to the name of any persone or to any good matier in the booke conteined readie waye and recourse maye with a weat fynger easily bee foūd out That if in any of the premisses either the interpretour or els the prienter shal be found to haue failled I for my parte shall not onely thynk my laboure● bounteou●ly rewarded but also knowelage myself highly bounden to rendre moste hertie thākes if the gentle reader shall of his humanitee honeste herte vouche salue to sette his penne and helpyng hande to emende whatsoeuer errour it shall happē hym to espye and in the residue so to accepte both our laboures as we maye thereby bee encouraged gladly to sustein ferther trauaill in wrytyng and settyng foorth suche autours as maye to the reader bee bothe pleasaunte and profitable ¶ Wryten in the yeare of our Lorde God M. CCCCC.xlii THE PREFACE OF DEsyderius Erasmus of Roterodame unto a dukes soonne of his countree FOR asmucheas ye did so gentely afore receiue the other litle bookes whiche I had then sent as a poore earnest penie suche as it was of my good herte mynde towardes your grace right noble prince not onely your self but also bothe your moste noble parentes did so courteously accepte thesame I haue thought good at this presēte to ioyne to the saied bookes some other thyng bothe more meete for your noblenesse also except I be muche deceiued more profitable for your studies I haue therfore out of euerie good autour for the moste parte chosen and gathered that the Grekes callen apophthegmata that is in englyshe notable good and brief saiynges for that I sawe none other kynde of argumente or matier more fitte for a prince especially beeyng a young manne not yet broken in the experience of the worlde In deede ful conueniente and meete to bee knowen are those thynges whiche the aunciente philosophiers haue lefte in wrytyng of honeste behaueour of wel gouernyng and ordreyng a cōmenweale of kepyng warre But what one manne emōg many thousādes yea though he be nothyng cloggued nor letted with any publique office or ministerie hath so muche vacaunte tyme that he maye bee at leasure to turne ouer ouer in the bookes ‡ Plato wryteth al his bokes in dialogues in the most parte of theim Socrates is one of the disputers which Socrates pretēdyng echewhere simplicitee ignoraūce did ofte tymes cōuince diuerse of theim that he reasoned with all in their owne artes vsyng to thē suche kynde of reasonyng as here in the texte is recited of Plato the ragmannes rolles and the taryers or toyes of the subtile knackes of the drye mockes and of the lōg inducciōs by familiar exaumples whiche Socrates dooeth there vse And as for * Aristotle wrote tenne bookes entitleed Ethica that is of honeste behaueour vpright liuyng and dealyng Aristotle in deede he wrote largely of maners and behaueour whiche werke he entitleeth in greke Ethica but by the entriked obscuritee and derkenesse therof he appereth to haue wrytē thesame for philosophiers that is to saie for menne of high learnyng and not for a prince More clere and more plain to bee perceiued been the werkes that the same Aristotle wrote of householdyng entitleed Oeconomica and of ordreyng a citee or cōmenweale entitleed Politica but this māne euerie where requireth a reader bothe ●eraye attente and earnestely myndyng that he readeth also well at leasure And besides this forasmuche as he vseth no suche manier of rhetoricall style or writyng as maye moue the affectes passiōs he dooeth not so greately hold or rauyshe a mannes mynde that is wholy bent geuē to princely cures buisynesse Sembleably in the bookes of morall philosophie whiche Marcꝰ Tulliꝰ wrote many thynges there been of suche sorte as it is not muche to the purpose nor anythyng at all necessarie that princes knowe theim Of whiche kynde are those thynges that he treacteth of the consummacion of good and ill whiche wee christian menne would call of blisse and damnacion with more subtilitee of reasonyng and argumentacion thē fruite to edifie in vertuous liuyng And suche manier thynges seruen well for the purpose of theim who all the dayes of their life dooe nothyng els but talke dispute of honest●e But for a māne born to bee a prince and a gouernour it is necessarie that a readie shorte waye to learne vertue bee quickely dispeched and not at leasure disputed reasoned in woordes Now resteth the histories whiche because thei dooe represēte to the yi● euē as in a peinted table to bee vewed aswell the noble actes of prowesse as the contrarie and that not without pleasure and delectacion seme to bee more fitte for greate menne But in this behalf though a prince might haue voide tymes enough to peruse the infinite multitude of bookes of histories what manne wer hable to comprehend and kepe theim all freashe in his memorie But like as those persones who been dooers in the game or feacte of wrastleyng haue in a readynesse at all tymes certain suer poinctes and wayes bothe to catche holde and also to wend out of holde when neede is so thei that trauaill in the busie occupacions of peace and of warre must of congruence haue in a readynesse suer rewles by whiche thei maye bee putte in remembreaunce what is in that presente case nedefull or expediente to bee dooen and what not And in this behalf we see that diuerse highly well learned mēne haue assaied taken peine by their good diligence to ease the carefulnesse of princes and noble menne emong whiche some haue writen lessōs of vertue in brief sentēces as * Theognis a Greke poete that wryteth in Elegeiacal vses suche morall preceptes of virtue as been in the litle treatise that is reade vnder y● nam● of Cato Theognis and ‡ Isocrates a greke oratour wrytyng many litle treatises in prose Isocrates others haue wrytē the feactes of armes or policies of warre the goodly shorte saiynges of famous mēne as * Ualerius Max. a latine autoure that wrote a werk of .ix volumes whiche he entitleed of the saiynges and actes of noble menne Ualerius Maximus and Sextus Iulius ‡ Sextus Iulius Frontinꝰ wryteth also in latine .iiii. volumes whiche he entitleeth strategematū that is to saie of armes or policies of warre Frontinus whiche Frontinus declareth the self fame thyng by diuerse other wryters before hym customeably to haue been dooen It is a thyng of no small tyme of leasure to serche out golde in the veines vnder the yearth or to seeke precious stones in the sande or in the sea Suche a feloe

〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as for example the generation of mystes haille rain sn●we lyghtenyng shootynge of sterres openyng of the aier blasyng sterres heggues that are seen in the feldes by nyght like f●erbrandes or torches with such other thynges Of the natural causes producyng and generacion of whiche thynges Aristoteles writeth fower bookes and entitleeth theim 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But Socrates would neuer take vpon him to determyn suche thynges as wer aboue the coumpace of mannes familiar handleynge impressions there chauncyng When a certain feloe had of a lasciuiousnes or malapertenes geuen him a spurne on the shynne as he was gooyng on his waye in the strete to suche as wondreed that he could pacientely suffre it why what should I dooe ꝙ he when thei counsailled hym to take the lawe on the feloe A gentle ieste saied Socrates Paciently spoken If an Asse had geuē me a strype with his heele would ye haue saied to me take the lawe on hym He thought no di●ference to bee betwene an Asse and a manne behauyng hym selfe like a brute beaste Betwene a beaste and a manne of brutishe condicions there is no diference and ●ndewed with no vertue or honest qualitee and to seme a thyng muche against al reason not to suffre at a mannes hāde that ye could fynd in your herte to abyde of a brute beastes dooyng A certain persone beeyng of him bidden good speede saied to hym again neither buff ne baff Neither was Socrates therwith any thyng discontēted But his frendes meruaillyng therat fumyug at the lewde facion of the feloe he saied as foloeth If one should passe by vs that had some wurse disease in his bodie thē we none of vs would for that respecte bee angrye wyth hym The patience of Socrates angre well refreined why then should I bee displeased with this feloe that hath a more cancarde stomake then I haue Euripides came and brought vnto Socrate● a booke of Heraclitus his writyng and makyng Heraclitus was a philosophi●r but he wrote so obscure and derke a style that sca●ely any man was hable to vnderstande hym wherefore he was named 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Heraclitus the derke whiche booke perused Eurip●des asked what he thought of it By Iuppiter saied Socrates that that I haue been hable to vnderstand me thynketh to bee ioyly good stuffe and of like goodnes I suppose to be the residue also whiche I haue not vnderstand But we haue neede of some young Marlian to expoune the meanyng of it He ●yd in this saiyng not without a shar●e taunte and poynaunte checke note the obscure and derke style whiche the saied writer with great studie laboure purposely sought to haue wherof in deede he had this name geuen vnto hym 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Heraclitus the derke Of the prouerbe Delius na●ator in the greke prouerbe was called a cunnyng swymmer that could kepe hym selfe styll aboue water without perill of drounyng And Socrates applyed that to the readers of Heraclitus bookes meanyng that excepte they wer veray cunnyng they should soone bee drouned and choked that is to saye confused and sette at a staye with readyng thesame Delius na●ator for whom is here putte Merlian I haue spoken at large in my werke of Greke Latin prouerbes entitleed Chiliades When Alcibiades had by the waye of free gift offreed him a fair large platte of grounde Alcibiades was a young gentleman in Athenes whose lyfe Plutarchus wryteth at large to buylde hymselfe an hous vpon what ꝙ Socrates if I hadde neede of a paire of shooes wouldest thou come geue me a pece of leather whereof to make my selfe a paire of shooes And in case thou shouldest so dooe wer not I woorthie to bee laughed to skorne if I toke it By this similitude he re●used the gift whiche should stand hym in no seruice A gyfte that wyll dooe no profite is to bee refused In walkyng vp and downe in the mercate place as he vewed on eche syde the aboundaunce of wares that wer there to bee sold he vsed thus to saye to himself how many thynges haue I no neede of The frugalitee o● Socrates But others bee sore vexed at their hertes thus thynkyng howe many thynges dooe I lacke Socrates was of his owne behalfe ioyeous and gladde that liuyng accordyng to nature and accustomed to the vse of fewe thynges he neither was desirous to haue nor yet did lacke cloth of golde of purple precious stones iueraye ares●e hangynges and the other delices of ryche menne whiche he veraye many tymes saied to be thynges more apte and fitte for disguisynges in stage playes then for any seruyce vse or occupiyng to the life of manne necessarie To whiche menyng he vsed these iambyque verses of a certain greke poete whatsoeuer he was 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 That is This siluer plate and ryche araye Of purple hewe dooeth wonderous well For disguisynges in a stage playe Our life nedeth theim not a dele He saied that manne to be moste like vnto the Goddes whiche feeled lacke of fewest thynges sens that the Goddes feele lacke of no maner thyng at all But the cōmen people thynketh nexte cousyns or feloes to God hymself to be ryche menne whose del●ces nothyng is hable to satisfie For of those is sa●ed in one of the comedies of Terence howe ye lead your life in all ease and pleasure What persones liuē in all ease and pleasure And that dooeth Homerus attrybute vnto the Goddes whom in many places he calleth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ●iuyng in all ease and pleasure And he liueth in all e●se and pleasure that with a veraye litle is throughly contented and satisfied It was another saiyng of his that whoso eateth drye breade with pleasure thesame nedeth no meate to it Frugalitee And to whō no maner drynke cometh amysse thesame requireth none other cuppe but suche as is readie in the waye Houngre and thirst the best sauce for all meates For hoūgre thirste is for all thynges the beste sauce in the worlde He saied that it was a readie thyng for euerye manne if he had any notable good thynges of his owne to name what it was wheras it was a veraye hard thyng to name what true frendes he had No possessiō so good as to haue a tru● frende● and yet no possession to bee more dere a●d precious or harder to come by then a true frende In this saiyng he checked the preposterous and ouerth wart iudgement that the commen sorte of people haue of thynges as the whiche passeth lest of that thyng whiche ought to bee sette by moste of all A bodye thynketh hymselfe well emended in his substaunce and ryches to whom hath happened some good goubbe of money and maketh a great whynyng if he haue had any losse of thesame The preposterous iudgemēt of the cōmen people in estemyng thi●ges But he that hath gotten a good

his owne father that all the worlde knewe to bee so in deede vsed this manier of examynyng laiyng the matier against hym In feith I thynke for all this thou diddest not kill thy father The clemēcie and gracious●nesse of Augustus in ministryng the lawe Dooyng enough to him for to make him saie nay in the matier So greate was the fauourablenesse of this prince in ministryug the lawe He vsed cōmenly to saie that thers was nothyng more vnconuenable for a perfecte good Capitaine Hastyng and wante of discreciō the wurst propre●ees y● m●●● bee in a good Capitaine then ouer muche hastyng vnauisednesse he had almoste euer in his mouth this saiyng of greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 make haste fair softely or spede the fair and softely That is hasten fair softely For muche better is the Capitaine that will bee sure of his matiers ere he goo about theim then he that is of courage to ieoperd at all auentures Of whiche matier I haue saied at large in my werke of prouerbes whiche is entitleed Chiliades The prouerbe spede the fair and softely ●s a lessō of coūsaill whereby all persones and especially princes rewlers and Capitains are admonyshed Primum cōsulto at ubi consulueris maturè opus est facto in dooyng of thyn●ges bothe to adhibite or shewe the quicke spedyng of ac●●uitee also the slownesse of diligēce and circumspection accordyng to that the saiyng of Sallustius nedefull it is first to take good deliberacion and as soone as thou hatt ones consulted expediente it is not to fors●ow● the tyme of dooyng when it cometh Unto his wife Liuia makyng in staunte requeste in the behalf of a certain Galle to bee incorporated a citezē of Roome Augustꝰ wol● not graunte vnto Liuia to haue a certai●●alle incorporated citezē of Roome he gaue a plain naye but that thesame Galle should enioye the priueleges frāchesses of Roome as if he had been a citizen i● deede he graunted hir of his owne mociō vndesired Augu●tus would not make the honour of y● citee of Roome ouer cōmune allegyng that he could bee muche better contented to haue of his owne rentes and cofers abated thē the honour of the citee of Roome to bee made ouer commune As one that preferred the dignitee or high estate of the commenweale before his owne singulare auauntage Augustus preferred the dig●itee of the commē weale before his owne si●gulare auaun●age When he sawe at an oraciō or propocitiō that he made vnto the people a greate maynye in vile apparell readyng palliatos in stede of pullatos as I suppose verayly the bookes of Suetonius should bee clad in greate large capes or mantelles beeyng veraye sore moued therwith in an high fume loe saieth he these here been our Roomaines the lordes of the worlde and woonte in tymes past to goo in aūciente side gounes● Augustꝰ studied to bryng vp again in Roome the aunciente facions decaied So greatly did he studie and labour to call backe again and to renewe y● olde aunciente facions y● it greued his herte to see the olde gooyng in apparell and garmentes chaunged Unto the people makyng greate complainte of the scarcitee of wyne and also of the dearth How Augustus aunswered the people of Roome cōplainyng of y● scarcitee and dearth of wyne he saied that by reason of greate aboundaunce of waters cōueighed to renne out of newe counduictes lately made by Agrippa his soōne in lawe there was sufficiente prouision made that menne neded not to bee in thirste In deede Agrippa bestowed all his studie and diligence from all places that could bee to prouide for the citee of Roome to haue aboundaunce of waters Agrippa made many newe counduictes in Roome for the conueighaunce of water to the citee And Augustus on the other syde did sharpely cal backe the people from wyne to water Timagines a writer of histories had with opē mouth spokē many blouddie woordes against Caesar The incōparable clemēcie and graciousnesse of Augustꝰ towardes one Timagenes a writer of histories and chronicles many slaūderous woordes by his wife many naughtie woordes by all his whole familie Augustus sent hym a gētle warnyng to kepe a better toung in his hedde and to vse it more sobrely And where the feloe persisted and held on still to make eiuill reporte and to speake the wurst Caesar did nothyng els in the worlde but forbidde hym his hous Well Timagines solemnely afore audience read ouer certain bookes whiche he had written cōteinyng the actes or chronicles of Augustus Timag●nes for hatered of Augustꝰ bur●ed y● bookes which he had writen of his ●hronicle and when he had perused theim he cast theim in the fyer and burned theim for hatered of Caesar as one couetyng to suppresse and extinguyshe for euer the memoriall of thynges frome tyme to tyme dooen by thesame Yet for all this did not one of that citezēs of Roome kepe out of his doores the said Timagines thus openly stiffely shewyng contynuall enmitee against Caesar. In the hous of Pollio Asinius he contynued till he was a veraye aged manne and yet did Augustus neuer so muche as geue one foule woorde vnto Pollio in whose hous his enemie was lodged and entreteined The lenitee of Augustus towards Pollio Asinius sauyng that one tyme he saied vnto hym onely thus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is ye fede in your hous a beaste or a serpēte as if he should haue s●ied your hous is a denne or caue for a se●pente And anon where Pollio addressed hym self to make his purgaciō or excuse Caesar broke his tale saiyng Naye my frende Pollio take the fruicion of hym hardely take the fruicion of hym But when Pollio not beyng yet clene out of feare saied sir Emperour if ye so cōmaunde I will ere I drynke forbidde hym my hous Why ꝙ Augustus thynkest thou that I will so dooe whiche haue beē the manne that ones made you at one For this Pollio had aforetyme been angrye and foule out with Timagenes and had none other cause to surceasse his maugre but that Caesar begoonne to take displeasure with the said Timagenes Whē Augustus begoōne to take displeasure with Timage●es then begoōne P●llio to bee his frende So the graciousnesse of this prince tooke in good gree the eiuill wille of bothe the saied parties against hym It fortuned Augustus to suppe at the hous of one * Of the straunge crueltee of this A●edius Pollio alias Uedius Pollio Plynius in the .xxiii. chapitour of the nynth volume treactyng of the nature of Lamproyes speaketh in this maner Uedius Pollio a knight of Roome and one of the familiare frendes of Augustus Caesar deuised inuēted in this fyshe exaumples and wayes how to dooe cruell tormente castyng into close pondes and stewes of theim the liue bodyes of bondemen condemned to dye not as though the wylde beastes of the

a spuyng then a vendicion or sale To a yoūg feloe fyndyng greate faulte that he was eiuill coūbreed and troubleed of many persones nor could bee in reste for theim Marie and ceasse thyselfe also ꝙ he openly to shewe tokens of beeyng out of quiete Signifiynge the saucy and buisye medleyng of suche persones as will neuer ceasse dooyng mē shrewd turnes and displeasures The best way to ceasse the molestacions of buisy medleyng feloes is to dissemble that wee bee greued with theim by no yearthly thynge better to bee quieted or ended then if the partie that is harmed or wrōged dissemble his greef For suche persones as dooe haggue and baye at a bodye purposely to bryng hym clene out of quiete to vexe hym at the botome of y● hert rote wil ceasse leaue of in case thei see y● partie to bee nothyng moued with their doyng Albeit I haue half a geasse y● greke wordes cōprehēd another priue or couered sense For whē the young feloe cōplained found hymselfe greued that a sorte of buisie medleers would not leat hym alone ne suffre hym to bee in reste Diogenes thus aunswered in greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 That is yea and ceasse thou also to carrye about with thee the tokens of a person wanton and effeminate For suche persones neuer lacke trouble or vexacion but euery bodye will haue a saiyng at theim accordyng to the latin prouerbe Malū uel mus audet rodere That is an eiuill persone euē the veraye mous dareth to snappe at An eiuill persone euen the veraye mous dareth to snappe at And coumpaignie is bothe greuous and odious to those that are vnhonest or malefactours as witnesseth Christe in the Gospell saiyng Menne loued derknesse more then light because their deedes wer eiuill For euery one that eiuill dooeth hateth the lighte Euery one that eiuill dooeth hateth the light Ioh. iii. neither cometh to the lighte lest his deedes should bee reproued A mynstrell that was a player on the harpe Why Diogenes commendeth an harper whom all others dispraised beeyng of no cūnyng in the worlde and therewithall a great gorrebealyed chuff yea and besides that dispraised of all persones that heard hym for the wurste that euer twanged onely Diogenes did commende and praise And to theim that woondreed wherfore he should so dooe I allowe hym and gan hym thanke saied Diogenes that beeyng suche an one he hath had more mynde and wille to sette hymselfe on werke and to bee occupied with his harpe then to take a standyng by the high wayes syde for a pourse or a bougette Signifiyng that the feloe beeyng of bodye valiaunt and stourdye and grosse or rude of witte was by all similitude of outwarde tokens more apte to haue been a robber on the high waye then to bee an handleer of any musicall instrumente The grace of the saiyng dependeth of the place of rhetorike The place of rhetorike ab inexpectato ab inexpectato that is grounded vpon a thyng that a body would leste thynke on For who would haue looked for suche an aunswer of Diogenes An other harper who as oftē as he plaied on his instrumente was forsaken and left alone in place of all his audience Diogenes How Diogenes saluted an harper y● droue awaye his audience as often as he plaied o● soong when he mette hym in the strete saluted in this maner God ye saue and see goodman cocke And where the feloe beeyng offended with the straūgenesse of that salutacion saied why goodman cocke Marie ꝙ he because that with thy crowyng thou reasest euery body that heareth the. He deuised to fynd a iestyng toye of the ambiguitee or indifferencie of the greke voice 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 For he is proprely saied in greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ● both that reaseth a bodye out of his slepe as the cockes vsen to dooe when thei crowe with an eiuill grace also that reaseth one sittyng on his taill to arise out of his place as this harper euermore vsed to dooe When a great noumbre of people stood gazyng and staryng vpō a certain young striepleyng of excellente good fauour and beautie Diogenes stoopynge downe veraye lowe gathered into his lappe as fast as he could the poultz called Lupines This kynde of poultz called lupinus we haue not in englande groweyng And the yies of all the folkes turned to behold that sight he auouched that he meruailled why thei would leaue the young māne to looke on hym Notyng in that by worde their intemperancie and wanton disposicion To a feloe that was exceadyng supersticious and sore subiecte to the terrours of buggues and sprytes or goblyns that walken by night and in places solitarie and yet manaced to slea Diogenes How Diogenes mocked a supersticious feloe that was afrayed of ●prites thretenyng ●o slea hym saiyng vnto hym I will at one stroke all to crushe thy hedde to powther In feith ꝙ he again if thou so dooe I shal bee ready at thyn elbowe to playe the parte of hobgoblyn or collepixie make thee for feare to weene the deiuill is at thy polle Signifiyng that he was hable to make the ●other partie afrayed euen beeyng dedde of whom he was so contemned sette at naught beeyng aliue And yet thissame foolyshe mynde fansie euen at this veraye presēt daye possesseth no smal noūbre who although thei be fierse ful of cockyng against liues men yet are the same moste feare full creatures that possible may be of solles walking as thei cal it● The supersticious feare ymaginacion of many folkes that solles walken Beeyng desired and praied by one * Hegesias was a philosophier Cyrenaique that is to saye of Epicure his sect a manne of so greate eloquēce as Ualerius Maximus writeth that he did so liuely declare and sette out all the eiuils of this presente life that the pieteous lamētable representacion of thesa●●●e eiuils through his woordes depely engraued enpriented in the hertes of menne veraye m●ny ꝑ●ones tooke occasion to hate ●his presen●● life and had a● earn●st de●●refulnesse willyngl● to ridde theimselfes out of the worlde And therefore he was b●●he commaundemente of kyng Ptolomeus forbidden any more to speake of any suche mater Hegesias to lend hym the vse of three or fower bookes Thou art a madde feloe Hegesias ꝙ he that where in choosyng figgues thou wilt not take figgues peinted or countrefeacted but veraye true and right figgues in deede thou canst fynd in thy herte the veraye true actual exercise and practise of philosophie neglected to renne to the philosophie scribleed or peinted in paper In this saiyng he noted those persones who all their whole life through dooe nothyng but reade the bookes and werkes of philosophiers cōteinyng preceptes or rewles of vertuous liuyng wheras vertue is more effectually lerned by practisyng or puttyng thesame in vre then by readyng The greke vocable 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whiche

am which neuer learned to swymme euen with a tryce laiyng his bodie vpō his shielde or terguette in stede of a corke to staye him aboue water he swimmed ouer the floodde first of all his owneselfe Makyng a iourney to Troye there arriued he decked and trymmed the ymage of Achilles with garlandes and saied oh happie arte thou Achilles Alexāder pronoūced Achilles happie y● euer he was borne that euer thou were borne to whom in thy lyfe tyme it fortuned to haue suche a frende Patroclus y● frēde of Achilles in his life tyme and Homere the ●roūpette of his renoume after his death after thy deceasse suche a troumpette and displaier of thine actes Speakyng of Patroclus of Homere of whiche the one was vnto Achilles a most faythefull and trustie frende and the other throughall his whole werke entitleed Ilias cōteining .xxiiii. volumes spredeth and bloweth about al the worlde his glorie renoume nowe when he is deade and gon * Patroclus a Locrensian the soonne of Menetius when h● had dooen a murdre in his owne countree fled into the countree of Thessalia vnto Peleus y● kyng there to whose soonne Achilles he was derely beloued and a mutuall louyng frende to hym again for he would neuer after forsake Achilles but went with thesame to the battaille of Troye And when Achille●●for displeasure and angre that Agamemnō kyng of Grece had parforce taken awaye his paramour Briseis woulde no more fight against y● Troianes but did a long tyme forbeare refuse to come foorth of his pauiliō vnto bataille Patroclus did on his owne bodye the armure and harnesse of Achilles myndyng thereby to make the Troianes afeard for of all thynges in the worlde thei could not abyde the sight of Achilles● he byckered and fought with the Troianes and was slain with the handes of Hector Wherefore Achilles to auenge his death bethought hymself again and returned to bataille and slewe Hector and buiried Patroclus honourably and oft ●ymes did muche sacrifice to the Goddes at his ●oumbe Where he was by the cōmune talkyng of many one reported to bee a god By what argumentes Ale●āder perceiued his mortalitee he saied that by twoo thynges especially he did wel perceiue himself to bee a māne or creature mortal that is to wete by slepe by compaigniyng with women For that these twoo thynges did principally aboue all others discrye the feblenesse of mannes bodye As touchyng all thynges els he was inuīcible For slepe is an ymage and representacion of death Slepe an ymage of death and the venereous acte a spiece of the fallyng eiuill and the acte of venereous copulacion a plaine spiece of the fallyng eiuill Plutarc●● addeth hereunto that onely the infirmitee and wekenesse of mannes nature is the brede● and cause of werynesse and of carnall pleasure Beyng entreed into the palaice of Darius What Alexāder saied whē he sawe y● palaice of Darius so gorgeously appoyinted whē he sawe a chaumbre of a greate highthe in thesame the bedde of estate y● tables to eate on and all other thynges after a woondreful gorgeous sorte furnished euē to the pointe deuise why ꝙ Alexander was this to bee a kyng Estemyng that it was vnmeete for a kyng to geue himselfe to suche maner delices Unmete for a kyng to geue hyms●lfelf to delices Thesame Alexander whensoeuer he went vnto his bedde he would of a custome diligently serche his robes and al his wearyng geare Alexander abhorred ●ffeminate delices saie hath not my mother trowe wee putte some poynte of delicatenesse or some superfluous thyng here aboute my clothes So greatley did he abhorre from delices more apperteinyng to women then to menne Beeyng brought vnto his handes a litle caskette or gardeuiaūce in whiche there was not founde emonge all that other rychesse of Darius any one iewel either more precious The precious casket or deske or ●●ā●dishe of Darius orels more goodly to the yie When the questiō was moued vnto what vse it myght best bee applyed eche māne geuing one thys auise another that It wylbee the best thyng in the world ꝙ Alexander wherin to kepe the Ilias of Homere How Alexand●r estemed the Ilias of Homere why Estemyng no treasure to bee more precious then the saied booke Suche was the conceipte of this kynge beeyng in his lustie youth and wholly in all behalfes framynge hymselfe after the paterne of Achilles When Parmenio gaue thesame Alexander counsaill to set vpon his enemies by night allegeyng that otherwyse it woulde bee a veraye great daūger if he should openly by daye time auenture batail vpō so greate a multitude for of the roumbleyng noyse reboundynge from a ferre as it had been the roryng of the sea thei myght coniecture the contrarie parte to bee in maner a noūbre infinite he saied The animositee of Aleander I came not hither to steale the victorie Refusyng to wynne the victorie by the defense or aide of the darkenesse When he had read a long bible writen and sent to hym from Antipater Antipater surmu●sed false accusaciōs against Olympias the mother of Alexander in whiche lettres wer conteined many surmised maters false complaintes againste his mother Olympias It appereth ꝙ he to be a thyng to Antipater vnknowen that one teare of my mothers yien Howe muche Olympias might dooe with Alexander with one ●ere of hir yies shal at all tymes washe awaye all epistles that come bee thei neuer so many When he had perceiued and found that his sistur vsed wanton cōuersacion with a certain young māne of excellēte beautie he tooke no displeasure there with but saied to bee a thyng reasonable or to be a thyng to bee borne withall that shee also shoulde in some behalfe haue prerogatiue to take fruicion of beeing a princesse in a royalme forasmuche as shee was a kynges doughter Beeyng of a muche contrarie mynde to Augustus Emperour of Rome Read of this the vii.xlv.xlvi and .xliiii apophthegmes of Augustu● who toke nothyng more greuously thē the lasciuiousnesse of his doughter and of his doughters doughters When he had heard the philosophier Anaxagoras holding opiniō mainteining in a certein lecture The insa●iable ambiciō desi●e of empier that reigned in Alexander that ther wer worldes out of noūbre the reporte gooeth that he fell on wepyng And to his frendes demaūdyng whether any mischaūce had befallen him meete to wepe for he saied haue I not trowe ye a good cause to wepe in that wheras there been worldes innumerable I am not yet come to be ful lorde of one Philippus at the fighting of a certain felde receiued of the Triballes a sore wounde The Triballes a people nigh vnto Hungarie by hauyng a spere thrust quite and clene through his thighe And beeing afterwarde by the cure and helpe of hys surgeon saued Philippu● wounded in fightynge a felde against the Triballes and recouered

seasō wryte and recorde suche thynges as he had to saie to the people in the daye tyme. So whē an other feloe whiche had an eiuill name abrode for the suspiciō of piekyng and brybyng veraye malapertely inueighed against the same thyng I knowe it full well ꝙ Demosthenes that wee dooe werke the muche sorowe in that wee light candles in the night Priue theues loue the derke For priue stealers loue the derke On Demades cryyng oh Demosthenes will take vpon hym to correcte me How Demosthenes taunted Demades the sow will teache * ●●wyne to teache Minerua was a ꝓuerbe against suche as either beeyng theimselfes of no knowlage ne wisedō at all wil take vpō theim to teache ꝑsones that are excellētely skilled passyng expert for which we saie in Englyshe to teache our dame to sp●nne orels that will take vpō theim to bee doctours in those thynges in whiche theimselfes haue no skille at all for whiche wee saie in Englyshe to correcte Magnificat before he haue learned Te Deum For Minerua was thought the patronesse of al witte and of al ingenious artes as is afore saied and the swyne by the tradicion and wrytyng of all the naturall philosophi●rs is declared to bee of al beastes the moste brutyshe and lest apte to learne any thyng Minerua the same Demosthenes saied Yea but this Minerua ꝙ he was taken the last yere in aduou●●ie Minerua by the ficcion of the poetes a perpetuall virgin He lated vnto the charge of Demades aduoutrie wher as the poetes dooe make Minerua to bee a perpetuall virgin Thesame Demosthenes withstood the Atheniens ymportunely desiryng hym to shewe his aduise Demosthenes would not bee at the becke of the people saied 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is I am none of those whiche are brought vnder coram Signifiyng that he was not as a bondeseruaunte made to the becke of the people but at his owne wille pleasure at all tymes to dooe what thyng he had iudged expediente to bee dooen A certain bonde maiden had receiued of twoo menne of hir acquaintaunce a certain summe of money to kepe for theim with this condiciō and agreemente that she should redeliuer thesame summe vnto theim bothe together The one of these twoo parties within a shorte space after comyng cladde in a mournyng garmente gooyng as though he had no ioye of his life and feignyng that his partener was dedde beguiled the woman gotte the money out of hir fyngers How Demosthenes by a suttle ingen saued a poore woman from paiyng one summe twys This dooen anon came the secounde partie vnlooked for and begoonne to require that had been leafte in hir custodie And wher the woman beeyng in a pecke of troubles was half in mynde purpose to hang hirself Demosthenes was so good vnto hir to become hir aduocate who as soone as he came to make his plea in hir behalf went roundely to the demaūder of the money after this sorte This woman saieth he is readie well truely to discharge hirself of the money which she was putte in truste withal to kepe but onles thou bryng thy partener too she maye not dooe it because that by thyne owne confession and woordes this was a plain composiciō made betwen you that the money should in no wyse bee deliuered to the one of you without the other By this suttle ingen he saued the poore seelie woman and clerely defeacted the conspirisie of the two vilaines who had drieuē a drifte to receiue double paimente of one summe To a certain ꝑsone demaūdyng what was the principall poincte in eloquence he made aunswer hypocrisis that is accion or pronunciacion To yesame persone eftsons askyng what was y● nexte poincte and what the thirde he still made none other aunswer but accion accion Referryng so muche to pronunciacion that he thought all together to consiste in thesame And in deede y● accion or pronunciacion comprehendeth many thynges mo then one that is to weete the temperyng and qualifiyng of the voice the earnest looke of the yies the porte of the counte●aunce and the gesturyng or conueighaunce of all the whole bodye When the fyngers of the Atheniens ticleed to aid and succour Harpalus and wer now alreadie vp towardes warre against Alexander soodainly was seen Philoxenus arriued in the countree of Attica whō Alexander had made his high amirall At this sodain arriuall of the saied Philoxenus when y● people beeyng with feare astouned wer soodainly whished weaxed dumme what would these menne dooe ꝙ Demosthenes if thei should see the soonne which haue not the power to looke against a candle After suche sorte did he vpbraid to the people their rashe and vnaduised stieryng of coles and arisynges to warre By the soonne he mened Alexander in comparison of whom this Philoxenus was scacely to bee estemed a cādle Certain persones estemyng and saiyng that Demades had now geuē ouer to bee suche an haine as he had been in tyme past Demades was couetous of money Yea marie ꝙ Demosthenes for now ye see hym ful paunched as lyons are For Demades was couetous and gredie of money And in deede the lyons are more gentle when their bealyes are well filled When he was by a certain persone reuiled with muche naughty language In reui●yng one an other● who so ouercometh l●seth the victorie I am now matched ꝙ he to buccle in a strife in whiche who so hath in fine the ouer hāde getteth the wurse and who so ouer cometh leseth the victorie Thesame Demosthenes when he heard a certain oratour speakyng out of measure loude and high all together in Pilates voice saied Not all that is greate Not all that is greate is well but all that is wel is greate is well but all that is well is greate This saiyng is ascribed to others also And some folkes there been that esteme feastes whiche are drawen of a greate length to sitte all daie and are furnyshed with soondrie dishes or courses of the moste One dishe alone to f●de on is more holsome for y● bodye then variet●e of dishes to bee royall deintie geare wheras by the plain determinacion of all naturall philosophiers and of all good physicians in the world one good dishe alone to f●de on is more naturall and more holsome for the bodye then the varietee of many costely dis●es at one repaste ¶ The ende of the secounde booke ¶ That thou mayest the soner and easlyer fynde moste gentle reader either the name of any persone or any other good mattier cōteined in this booke I haue here added a large and plaine Table after the ordre of the A.B.C. set out with the noumbre of the leafe where thou shalt fynde any suche thyng as thou desyrest to haue therin The Table A. ABas the .xij. kyng of the Argiues 166. Abstinence the Itatalians vse for all diseases 278. Achilles 39. Academia a place full of groues 158. Acrisius had a doughter called

Diogenes vsed is a voice indifferente to writyng and to peintyng And therefore vertue sette foorthe in bookes is vertue muche like in maner as if it wer peinted on a cloth or table And in dede against all reason it is in choosyng figgues to bee curious and precise to take none but of the best and in vertue to bee nothyng so To a certain persone in the waye of reproche obiectyng vnto hym that he was a manne banyshed his countree Thou sely creature saied he for this veraye cause did I at the first become a philosophier Either forthat banyshemente had enforced and driuen Diogenes to entre the studie of philosophie Why Diogenes first became to bee a philosophier orels because he had purposely learned philosophie to the ende that he might bee hable with a paciente contentefull mynde to endure banyshemente and other sembleable chaunces Unto an other feloe saiyng to hym in despite Naye the Sinopians haue condemned thee with banyshyng the How Diogenes aunswered one the cast in his teeth that the Sinopians had banyshed hym neuer to come more in that countree I theim ꝙ he to abyde neuer to come thens Signifiyng hymselfe in that he was biddē to goo seeke hym a dwellyng place in an other countree to bee no pointe in wurse state or cōdiciō thē those persones which remained sti●● wellyng in their owne coūtree not hable paciētly to suffre banyshmēt if it should chaūce For egual miserie it is to make abode in a place by enforcemente and compulsion To bee exiled frō a place by compulsion to abyde in a place by compulsion is eguall miserie to be banyshed or eriled from a place by enforcemente and compulsion A philosophier who in differently taketh euery grounde euery lande vnder the cope of heauē whiche so euer it bee for his owne natiue countree A philosophier indifferently reputeth al places vnder the cope of heauen to bee his natiue countree if he bee cōmaunded to departe any whēs by bany●hement is a manne exiled out of some one particulare citee or naciō onely But he that cannot liue in another place besides his owne countree where he was born and breden is a manne banyshed out of regions almoste innumerable As touchyng Diogenes Why Diogenes was banyshed out of his owne coūtree in deede he was banyshed his countree for countrefeactyng or coynyng of money as menne thynke And born he was a Sinopian This presente historie Plutarchus in y● his treactise entitleed of banyshmēte reporteth in maner fourme here ensuyng The Sinopians haue by their decree banyshed the out of * Pontus and Euxinus are taken all for one And it is parte of the sea from Bosphorus of Thrace vnto y● greate Maryce of Scythia called Meotis It is also abrode ● wyde region marchyng roūd about y●●oostes of thesame sea encoumpacyng many ꝓ●incies as Colchos Armenia Cappadocia And in Cap●docia beyng a deserte and barē coūtree stood Sinopa the Citee in whiche Diogenes was born Pontus for euer Yea but I condemne them in this pein ꝙ he again that thei remain still enclosed and pend vp within Pontus and the ferthermust strandes of al Euxinus neuer to come out from thens Diogenes had chaūged his countree but thesame for the better The Sinopians wer more like folkes banyshed or exiled in that thei wer remedilesse appoynted and assigned to cōtynue al their liues in suche an incommodious vnfruitefull baren region as Sinopa Those persones that wer commē dooers in prouyng maisteries at the games of Olympia wer called in greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Of which sorte when Diogenes had by chaunce foūd one kepyng shepe O Moun sire Capitain saied he with howe greate celeritee and speede haue ye conueighed and gotten yourselfe from Olympia to Nemea Nemea is a region of the coūtree of arcadia situate and liyng betwene twoo citees the one Cleone the other Clitorium in th● whiche Clitorium as witnesseth Ouidius was a welle or fountain of whiche whosoeuer did drynke could not afterward awaye with drynkyng wyne In the wodde or foreste of this Nemea did Hercules kill the hougie greate lyō whose skynne he woore on his backe for his weede And in the honour of the said Hercules did the people of Argo● euen there celebrate and keepe solemne games which wer named Nemea of the place in whiche thei wer holden and kept in like maner as is afore saied of Olympia Findyng a mery toye in the affinitee or similitude of y● greke vocables For 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in greke are certain games of prouyng maisteries so called of the place where thesame wer celebrated and holden euen as olympia afore mencioned And the greke verbe 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 souneth in latin pasco in englyshe to keepe or feede catalles in the pastures and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is in latin pascu● in englyshe pastures or leasues Beeyng asked wherefore the champions or fightyng mēne called Athletae had no sense ne feelyng Marie ꝙ he because thei haue been brought vp altogether with porke and beef and suche other grosse feedyng For that sorte of menne are fedde vp with the grosse kyndes of meates Grosse meates maken y● bodye strong but the witte dulle whiche in deede conferren to y● bodye hard brawne clene strength but as for the witte it maketh as grosse and dulle as cā bee thought But to this presente mery saiyng the ambiguitee or doubtefulnesse of the vocable nothyng els gaue place and was occasion of it For as with the grekes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and with the latin mē sentire so in englyshe to haue a feelyng belongeth aswel to the mynde as to the bodye To haue a feelyng in a matter But the demaunder of the question asked what was the cause wherefore the saied champions lackyng as ye would saie bodyly sense and feelyng were neuer offended ne greued with strypes or strokes And Diogenes had more phansy to note the brutyshe grossenesse and dumpyng of the mynde For wee saie commenly in englyshe that wee feele a mannes mynde when wee vnderstand his entent or menyng and contrarie wyse when thesame is to vs veraye derke and harde to bee perceiued wee dooe commenly vse to saie I cannot feele his mynde or I haue nomaner feelyng in the matter c. He vsed now and then to resorte to ymages of stone or brasse or other metalle sette vp in the honour of this or that Godde and to aske one or other boune of theim And to suche persones as made greate woōdreyng wherfore he so did that I maye enure myself Use assuageth greefes ꝙ he not to bee moued ne to take in eiuill parte if at any tyme I dooe not obtein my requestes peticions that I aske of menne After that Diogenes by extreme pouertee coarcted and driuen ther unto had begoonne to begge for his liuyng his accustomed guyse was after this fourme to falle in hande with menne for their almes